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Bhuia MS, Wilairatana P, Ferdous J, Chowdhury R, Bappi MH, Rahman MA, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Hirsutine, an Emerging Natural Product with Promising Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6141. [PMID: 37630393 PMCID: PMC10458569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are used not only for nutritional purposes but also as therapeutics to treat various diseases and ailments. These food items are prominent sources of phytochemicals that exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against several diseases. Hirsutine (HSN) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid found in various Uncaria species and has a multitude of therapeutic benefits. It is found in foodstuffs such as fish, seafood, meat, poultry, dairy, and some grain products among other things. In addition, it is present in fruits and vegetables including corn, cauliflower, mushrooms, potatoes, bamboo shoots, bananas, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits. The primary emphasis of this study is to summarize the pharmacological activities and the underlying mechanisms of HSN against different diseases, as well as the biopharmaceutical features. For this, data were collected (up to date as of 1 July 2023) from various reliable and authentic literature by searching different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Findings indicated that HSN exerts several effects in various preclinical and pharmacological experimental systems. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities with beneficial effects in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings also indicate that HSN exerts promising anticancer potentials via several molecular mechanisms, including apoptotic cell death, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, anti-proliferative effect, genotoxic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion against various cancers such as lung, breast, and antitumor effects in human T-cell leukemia. Taken all together, findings from this study show that HSN can be a promising therapeutic agent to treat various diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Mehedi Hasan Bappi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
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2
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Zai Z, Xu Y, Qian X, Li Z, Ou Z, Zhang T, Wang L, Ling Y, Peng X, Zhang Y, Chen F. Estrogen antagonizes ASIC1a-induced chondrocyte mitochondrial stress in rheumatoid arthritis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:561. [PMID: 36463203 PMCID: PMC9719153 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destruction of articular cartilage and bone is the main cause of joint dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a key molecule that mediates the destruction of RA articular cartilage. Estrogen has been proven to have a protective effect against articular cartilage damage, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We treated rat articular chondrocytes with an acidic environment, analyzed the expression levels of mitochondrial stress protein HSP10, ClpP, LONP1 by q-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the mitochondrial morphological changes. Laser confocal microscopy was used to analyze the Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, ASIC1a specific inhibitor Psalmotoxin 1 (Pctx-1) and Ethylene Glycol Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA) were used to observe whether acid stimulation damage mitochondrial function through Ca2+ influx mediated by ASIC1a and whether pretreatment with estrogen could counteract these phenomena. Furthermore, the ovariectomized (OVX) adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model was treated with estrogen to explore the effect of estrogen on disease progression. RESULTS Our results indicated that HSP10, ClpP, LONP1 protein and mRNA expression and mitochondrial ROS level were elevated in acid-stimulated chondrocytes. Moreover, acid stimulation decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and damaged mitochondrial structure of chondrocytes. Furthermore, ASIC1a specific inhibitor PcTx-1 and EGTA inhibited acid-induced mitochondrial abnormalities. In addition, estrogen could protect acid-stimulated induced mitochondrial stress by regulating the activity of ASIC1a in rat chondrocytes and protects cartilage damage in OVX AA rat. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular acidification induces mitochondrial stress by activating ASIC1a, leading to the damage of rat articular chondrocytes. Estrogen antagonizes acidosis-induced joint damage by inhibiting ASIC1a activity. Our study provides new insights into the protective effect and mechanism of action of estrogen in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyan Zai
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Yayun Xu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Xuewen Qian
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Zihan Li
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Ziyao Ou
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Tao Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Longfei Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Yian Ling
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
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Subbamanda YD, Bhargava A. Intercommunication between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptor/Estrogen Signaling: Insights into Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233850. [PMID: 36497108 PMCID: PMC9739980 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and estrogen receptors are important cellular proteins that have been shown to interact with each other across varied cells and tissues. Estrogen hormone, the ligand for estrogen receptors, can also exert its effects independent of estrogen receptors that collectively constitute non-genomic mechanisms. Here, we provide insights into the VGCC regulation by estrogen and the possible mechanisms involved therein across several cell types. Notably, most of the interaction is described in neuronal and cardiovascular tissues given the importance of VGCCs in these electrically excitable tissues. We describe the modulation of various VGCCs by estrogen known so far in physiological conditions and pathological conditions. We observed that in most in vitro studies higher concentrations of estrogen were used while a handful of in vivo studies used meager concentrations resulting in inhibition or upregulation of VGCCs, respectively. There is a need for more relevant physiological assays to study the regulation of VGCCs by estrogen. Additionally, other interacting receptors and partners need to be identified that may be involved in exerting estrogen receptor-independent effects of estrogen.
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Vitku J, Hill M, Kolatorova L, Kubala Havrdova E, Kancheva R. Steroid Sulfation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839887. [PMID: 35281259 PMCID: PMC8904904 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sulfation and desulfation participates in the regulation of steroid bioactivity, metabolism and transport. The authors focused on sulfation and desulfation balance in three neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson´s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Circulating steroid conjugates dominate their unconjugated counterparts, but unconjugated steroids outweigh their conjugated counterparts in the brain. Apart from the neurosteroid synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), most brain steroids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from the periphery and then may be further metabolized. Therefore, steroid levels in the periphery partly reflect the situation in the brain. The CNS steroids subsequently influence the neuronal excitability and have neuroprotective, neuroexcitatory, antidepressant and memory enhancing effects. They also exert anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective actions. Like the unconjugated steroids, the sulfated ones modulate various ligand-gated ion channels. Conjugation by sulfotransferases increases steroid water solubility and facilitates steroid transport. Steroid sulfates, having greater half-lives than their unconjugated counterparts, also serve as a steroid stock pool. Sulfotransferases are ubiquitous enzymes providing massive steroid sulfation in adrenal zona reticularis and zona fasciculata.. Steroid sulfatase hydrolyzing the steroid conjugates is exceedingly expressed in placenta but is ubiquitous in low amounts including brain capillaries of BBB which can rapidly hydrolyze the steroid sulfates coming across the BBB from the periphery. Lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) plasma levels and reduced sulfotransferase activity are considered as risk factors in AD patients. The shifted balance towards unconjugated steroids can participate in the pathophysiology of PD and anti-inflammatory effects of DHEAS may counteract the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vitku
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jana Vitku,
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radmila Kancheva
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Premarin Reduces Neurodegeneration and Promotes Improvement of Function in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042384. [PMID: 35216504 PMCID: PMC8875481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy is available for treating SCI. Previously, low doses of estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) were shown to improve the post-injury outcome in a rat SCI model. However, the range of associated side effects makes advocating its therapeutic use difficult. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy of Premarin (PRM) in SCI. PRM is an FDA-approved E2 (10%) formulation, which is used for hormone replacement therapy with minimal risk of serious side effects. The effects of PRM on SCI were examined by magnetic resonance imaging, immunofluorescent staining, and western blot analysis in a rat model. SCI animals treated with vehicle alone, PRM, E2 receptor antagonist (ICI), or PRM + ICI were graded in a blinded way for locomotor function by using the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale. PRM treatment for 7 days decreased post-SCI lesion volume and attenuated neuronal cell death, inflammation, and axonal damage. PRM also altered the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in favor of cell survival and improved angiogenesis and microvascular growth. Increased expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ following PRM treatment and their inhibition by ER inhibitor indicated that the neuroprotection associated with PRM treatment might be E2-receptor mediated. The attenuation of glial activation with decreased inflammation and cell death, and increased angiogenesis by PRM led to improved functional outcome as determined by the BBB locomotor scale. These results suggest that PRM treatment has significant therapeutic implications for the improvement of post-SCI outcome.
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Regional Diversities in Fibrogenesis Weighed as a Key Determinant for Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121900. [PMID: 34944715 PMCID: PMC8698388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis plays a key role in atrial myopathy, resulting in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The abnormal distribution of fibrotic tissue, electrical coupling, paracrine interactions, and biomechanical–electrical interactions have all been suggested as causes of fibrosis-related arrhythmogenesis. Moreover, the regional difference in fibrogenesis, specifically the left atrium (LA) exhibiting a higher arrhythmogenesis and level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in AF, is a key contributor to atrial arrhythmogenesis. LA fibroblasts have greater profibrotic cellular activities than RA fibroblasts, but knowledge about the regional diversity of atrial regional fibrogenesis remains limited. This article provides a comprehensive review of research findings on the association between fibrogenesis and arrhythmogenesis from laboratory to clinical evidence and updates the current understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the difference in fibrogenesis between the LA and RA.
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Adekunle AO, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Ndzie Noah ML, Adu-Amankwaah J, Rizvi R, Akhter N, Sun H. Predominance of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal Women: Intra- and Extra-Cardiomyocyte Maladaptive Alterations Scaffolded by Estrogen Deficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685996. [PMID: 34660569 PMCID: PMC8511782 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the dominant (>50%) form of HF and mostly occurring among postmenopausal women. Hence, the initiation and progression of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions (LVDD) (a typically clinical manifestation of HFpEF) in postmenopausal women have been attributed to estrogen deficiency and the loss of its residue cardioprotective effects. In this review, from a pathophysiological and immunological standpoint, we discuss the probable multiple pathomechanisms resulting in HFpEF, which are facilitated by estrogen deficiency. The initial discussions recap estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) signaling under physiological/pathological states to facilitate cardiac function/dysfunction, respectively. By reconciling these prior discussions, attempts were made to explain how the loss of estrogen facilitates the disruptions both ERs and βARs-mediated signaling responsible for; the modulation of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis, maintenance of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix, the adaptive regulation of coronary microvascular endothelial functions and myocardial inflammatory responses. By scaffolding the disruption of these crucial intra- and extra-cardiomyocyte physiological functions, estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated to cause LVDD and increase the incidence of HFpEF in postmenopausal women. Finally, updates on the advancements in treatment interventions for the prevention of HFpEF were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Nazma Akhter
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Momeni HR, Jarahzadeh M, Farjad E. Glutamate Excitotoxicity; a Possible Mechanism for Apoptosis of Motoneurons in Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Slices. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-021-09898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Mills DJ. The Aging GABAergic System and Its Nutritional Support. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6655064. [PMID: 33986956 PMCID: PMC8093074 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in hormones and an associated decline in GABAergic function and calcium and ion current dysregulation. Neurosteroid hormones act as direct calcium channel blockers, or they can act indirectly on calcium channels through their interaction with GABA receptors. The calcium channel dysfunction associated with hormone loss further leads to an excitatory cell state, which can ultimately lead to cell death. The calcium theory of aging posits that cellular mechanisms, which maintain the homeostasis of cytosol Ca2+ concentration, play a key role in brain aging and that sustained changes in Ca2+ homeostasis provide the final common pathway for age-associated brain changes. There is a link between hormone loss and calcium dysregulation. Loss of calcium regulation associated with aging can lead to an excitatory cell state, primarily in the mitochondria and nerve cells, which can ultimately lead to cell death if not kept in check. A decline in GABAergic function can also be specifically tied to declines in progesterone, allopregnanolone, and DHEA levels associated with aging. This decline in GABAergic function associated with hormone loss ultimately affects GABAergic inhibition or excitement and calcium regulation throughout the body. In addition, declines in GABAergic function can also be tied to vitamin status and to toxic chemicals in the food supply. The decline in GABAergic function associated with aging has an effect on just about every body organ system. Nutritional support of the GABAergic system with supportive foods, vitamins, and GABA or similar GABA receptor ligands may address some of the GABAergic dysfunction associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra J. Mills
- Patent Trial and Appeal Board Biotechnology, 5232 Capon Hill Pl, Burke, VA 22015, USA
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Hang X, Zhang Z, Niu R, Wang C, Yao J, Xu Y, Tao J, Li L, Chen F. Estrogen Protects Articular Cartilage by Downregulating ASIC1a in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:843-858. [PMID: 33737825 PMCID: PMC7966409 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women is generally lower than that in men. RA is mediated, at least in part, by the protective effects of estradiol. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of estradiol on RA are still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) by tissue acidosis plays an important role in the injury of cartilage in RA. Here, we assessed the effects of estradiol on acid-mediated cartilage injury both in vitro and in vivo and explored the involvement of ASIC1a in RA and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cultured primary articular chondrocytes were subjected to acidosis-mediated injury in vitro. Beclin1, LC3, p62, GPER1, and ASIC1a expression was detected through Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence analysis. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced in rats through intradermal immunization by injecting 0.25 mL heat-killed mycobacteria (10 mg/mL) suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant into the left hind metatarsal footpad. The levels of estrogen and related inflammatory factors in the serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of ASIC1a and autophagy-related proteins was detected through immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot. Results Treatment of primary articular chondrocytes with estradiol decreased the expression of ASIC1a and autophagy level. The symptoms of cartilage damage and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum were reduced after estradiol treatment in the rats with AA. In addition, estradiol treatment reduced ASIC1a expression via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, among which G-protein coupled estradiol receptor 1 (GPER1) plays a regulatory role. Finally, the level of autophagy in chondrocytes was decreased by the selective ASIC1a blocker psalmotoxin-1 (PCTX-1). Conclusion Estradiol can protect the cartilage of rats with AA against acidosis-mediated damage and autophagy by suppressing ASIC1a expression through GPER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Niu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Tao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feihu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Kövesdi E, Szabó-Meleg E, Abrahám IM. The Role of Estradiol in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanism and Treatment Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E11. [PMID: 33374952 PMCID: PMC7792596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) face numerous neurological and neuropsychological problems significantly affecting their quality of life. Extensive studies over the past decades have investigated pharmacological treatment options in different animal models, targeting various pathological consequences of TBI. Sex and gender are known to influence the outcome of TBI in animal models and in patients, respectively. Apart from its well-known effects on reproduction, 17β-estradiol (E2) has a neuroprotective role in brain injury. Hence, in this review, we focus on the effect of E2 in TBI in humans and animals. First, we discuss the clinical classification and pathomechanism of TBI, the research in animal models, and the neuroprotective role of E2. Based on the results of animal studies and clinical trials, we discuss possible E2 targets from early to late events in the pathomechanism of TBI, including neuroinflammation and possible disturbances of the endocrine system. Finally, the potential relevance of selective estrogenic compounds in the treatment of TBI will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Kövesdi
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - István M. Abrahám
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
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12
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Cox A, Capone M, Matzelle D, Vertegel A, Bredikhin M, Varma A, Haque A, Shields DC, Banik NL. Nanoparticle-Based Estrogen Delivery to Spinal Cord Injury Site Reduces Local Parenchymal Destruction and Improves Functional Recovery. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:342-352. [PMID: 32680442 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients sustain significant functional impairments; this is causally related to restricted neuronal regeneration after injury. The ensuing reactive gliosis, inflammatory cascade, and glial scar formation impede axonal regrowth. Although systemic anti-inflammatory agents (steroids) have been previously administered to counteract this, no current therapeutic is approved for post-injury neuronal regeneration, in part because of related side effects. Likewise, therapeutic systemic estrogen levels exhibit neuroprotective properties, but dose-dependent side effects are prohibitive. The current study thus uses low-dose estrogen delivery to the spinal cord injury (SCI) site using an agarose gel patch embedded with estrogen-loaded nanoparticles. Compared to controls, spinal cords from rodents treated with nanoparticle site-directed estrogen demonstrated significantly decreased post-injury lesion size, reactive gliosis, and glial scar formation. However, axonal regeneration, vascular endothelial growth factor production, and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor levels were increased with estrogen administration. Concomitantly improved locomotor and bladder functional recovery were observed with estrogen administration after injury. Therefore, low-dose site-directed estrogen may provide a future approach for enhanced neuronal repair and functional recovery in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mollie Capone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise Matzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexey Vertegel
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mikhail Bredikhin
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Abhay Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Donald C Shields
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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13
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van Winden T, Klumper J, Kleinrouweler CE, Tichelaar MA, Naaktgeboren CA, Nijman TA, van Baar AL, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, Van't Hooft J, Roos C, Mol BW, Pajkrt E, Oudijk MA. Effects of tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban on child outcome: follow-up of the APOSTEL III trial. BJOG 2020; 127:1129-1137. [PMID: 32124520 PMCID: PMC7384124 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term effects of tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban on child outcome at age 2.5-5.5 years. DESIGN The APOSTEL III trial was a multicentre randomised controlled trial that compared tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban in 503 women with threatened preterm birth. Neonatal outcomes did not differ between both treatment arms, except for a higher incidence of intubation in the atosiban group. METHODS Parents were asked to complete four questionnaires regarding neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour problems and general health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main long-term outcome measure was a composite of abnormal development at the age of 2.5-5.5 years. RESULTS Of the 426 women eligible for follow-up, 196 (46%) parents returned the questionnaires for 115 children in the nifedipine group and 110 children in the atosiban group. Abnormal development occurred in 32 children (30%) in the nifedipine group and in 38 children (38%) in the atosiban group (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.41-1.34). The separate outcomes for neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour, and general health showed no significant differences between the groups. Sensitivity analysis for all children of the APOSTEL III trial, including a comparison of deceased children, resulted in a higher rate of healthy survival in the nifedipine group (64 versus 54%), but there was no significant difference in the overall mortality rate (5.4 versus 2.7%). There were no significant subgroup effects. CONCLUSION Outcomes on broad child neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour and general health were comparable in both groups. Neither nifedipine nor atosiban can be considered as the preferred treatment for women with threatened preterm birth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Nifedipine- and atosiban-exposed children had comparable long-term outcomes, including neurodevelopment, executive function and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tms van Winden
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Klumper
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C E Kleinrouweler
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Tichelaar
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C A Naaktgeboren
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T A Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A L van Baar
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A G van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
- Paediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T J Roseboom
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Van't Hooft
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Roos
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Pajkrt
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Oudijk
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Restrepo-Angulo I, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channel Regulation by Sex Steroid Hormones and Vitamin D in Cancer: A Potential Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 32210800 PMCID: PMC7076584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ion channels are involved in tumor development, promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Accordingly, some of them have been suggested as tumor markers and novel targets for cancer therapy. Some sex steroid hormones (SSH), including estrogens and androgens, favor cancer progression. Meanwhile, other steroid hormones like vitamin D may have anticancer properties. SSH and vitamin D modulate the expression of a number of ion channels in cancer cells from hormone-sensitive tissues, including breast, ovary, prostate, and cervix. Moreover, rapid effects of SSH may be mediated by their direct action on membrane ion channels. Here, we reviewed the SSH and vitamin D regulation of ion channels involved in cancer, and analyzed the potential molecular pathways implicated. In addition, we described the potential clinical use of ion channels in cancer diagnosis and therapy, taking advantage of their regulation by SSH and vitamin D. Since SSH are considered risk factors for different types of cancer, and ion channels play important roles in tumor progression, the regulation of ion channels by SSH and vitamin D may represent a potential opportunity for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in SSH and vitamin D sensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Restrepo-Angulo
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Transdisciplinary Program on Science, Technology and Society, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Ungard RG, Zhu YF, Yang S, Nakhla P, Parzei N, Zhu KL, Singh G. Response to pregabalin and progesterone differs in male and female rat models of neuropathic and cancer pain. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PAIN-REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA DOULEUR 2020; 4:39-58. [PMID: 33987485 PMCID: PMC7951160 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2020.1724776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cancer pain involves nervous system damage and pathological neurogenesis. Neuropathic pain arises from damage to the nervous system and is driven by ectopic signaling. Both progesterone and pregabalin are neuroprotective in animal models, and there is evidence that both drugs bind to and inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels. Aims: This study was designed to characterize the effects of progesterone and pregabalin in preclinical models of cancer and neuropathic pain in both sexes. Methods: We measured peripheral sensory signaling by intracellular in vivo electrophysiology and behavioral indicators of pain in rat models of cancer-induced bone pain and neuropathic pain. Results: Female but not male models of cancer pain showed a behavioral response to treatment and pregabalin reduced excitability in C and A high-threshold but not low-threshold sensory neurons of both sexes. Male models of neuropathic pain treated with pregabalin demonstrated higher signaling thresholds only in A high-threshold neurons, and behavioral data indicated a clear recovery to baseline mechanical withdrawal thresholds in all treatment groups. Female rat treatment groups did not show excitability changes in sensory neurons, but all demonstrated higher mechanical withdrawal thresholds than vehicle-treated females, although not to baseline levels. Athymic female rat models of neuropathic pain showed no behavioral or electrophysiological responses to treatment. Conclusions: Both pregabalin and progesterone showed evidence of efficacy in male models of neuropathic pain. These results add to the evidence demonstrating differential effects of treatments for pain in male and female animals and widely differing responses in models of cancer and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ungard
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yong Fang Zhu
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Yang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Nakhla
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalka Parzei
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kan Lun Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
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17
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Zhou R, Leng T, Yang T, Chen F, Hu W, Xiong ZG. β-Estradiol Protects Against Acidosis-Mediated and Ischemic Neuronal Injury by Promoting ASIC1a (Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a) Protein Degradation. Stroke 2019; 50:2902-2911. [PMID: 31412757 PMCID: PMC6756944 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Sex differences in the incidence and outcome of stroke have been well documented. The severity of stroke in women is, in general, significantly lower than that in men, which is mediated, at least in part, by the protective effects of β-estradiol. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection by β-estradiol are still elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of ASIC1a (acid-sensing ion channel 1a) by tissue acidosis, a common feature of brain ischemia, plays an important role in ischemic brain injury. In the present study, we assessed the effects of β-estradiol on acidosis-mediated and ischemic neuronal injury both in vitro and in vivo and explored the involvement of ASIC1a and underlying mechanism. Methods- Cultured neurons and NS20Y cells were subjected to acidosis-mediated injury in vitro. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Transient (60 minutes) focal ischemia in mice was induced by suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in vivo. ASIC currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique while intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured with fluorescence imaging using Fura-2. ASIC1a expression was detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results- Treatment of neuronal cells with β-estradiol decreased acidosis-induced cytotoxicity. ASIC currents and acid-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ were all attenuated by β-estradiol treatment. In addition, we showed that β-estradiol treatment reduced ASIC1a protein expression, which was mediated by increased protein degradation, and that estrogen receptor α was involved. Finally, we showed that the level of ASIC1a protein expression in brain tissues and the degree of neuroprotection by ASIC1a blockade were lower in female mice, which could be attenuated by ovariectomy. Conclusions- β-estradiol can protect neurons against acidosis-mediated neurotoxicity and ischemic brain injury by suppressing ASIC1a protein expression and channel function. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China (R.Z., W.H.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta (R.Z., T.L., T.Y., Z.X.)
| | - Tiandong Leng
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta (R.Z., T.L., T.Y., Z.X.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta (R.Z., T.L., T.Y., Z.X.)
| | - Feihu Chen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China (F.C.)
| | - Wei Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China (R.Z., W.H.)
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta (R.Z., T.L., T.Y., Z.X.)
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18
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Lai Y, Zhu B, Sun F, Luo D, Ma Y, Luo B, Tang J, Xiong M, Liu L, Long Y, Hu X, He L, Deng X, Zhang JH, Yang J, Yan Z, Chen G. Estrogen receptor α promotes Cav1.2 ubiquitination and degradation in neuronal cells and in APP/PS1 mice. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12961. [PMID: 31012223 PMCID: PMC6612642 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 is the pore-forming subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) that plays an important role in calcium overload and cell death in Alzheimer's disease. LTCC activity can be regulated by estrogen, a sex steroid hormone that is neuroprotective. Here, we investigated the potential mechanisms in estrogen-mediated regulation of Cav1.2 protein. We found that in cultured primary neurons, 17β-estradiol (E2) reduced Cav1.2 protein through estrogen receptor α (ERα). This effect was offset by a proteasomal inhibitor MG132, indicating that ubiquitin-proteasome system was involved. Consistently, the ubiquitin (UB) mutant at lysine 29 (K29R) or the K29-deubiquitinating enzyme TRAF-binding protein domain (TRABID) attenuated the effect of ERα on Cav1.2. We further identified that the E3 ligase Mdm2 (double minute 2 protein) and the PEST sequence in Cav1.2 protein played a role, as Mdm2 overexpression and the membrane-permeable PEST peptides prevented ERα-mediated Cav1.2 reduction, and Mdm2 overexpression led to the reduced Cav1.2 protein and the increased colocalization of Cav1.2 with ubiquitin in cortical neurons in vivo. In ovariectomized (OVX) APP/PS1 mice, administration of ERα agonist PPT reduced cerebral Cav1.2 protein, increased Cav1.2 ubiquitination, and improved cognitive performances. Taken together, ERα-induced Cav1.2 degradation involved K29-linked UB chains and the E3 ligase Mdm2, which might play a role in cognitive improvement in OVX APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Neurologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bing‐Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan‐Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bio Luo
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ming‐Jian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐Tong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ling He
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - John H. Zhang
- Division of Physiology, School of MedicineLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCalifornia
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biological SciencesColumbia UniversityNew York CityNew York
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNew York
| | - Guo‐Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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20
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Samandari R, Hassanpour-Ezatti M, Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M. Sex Differences and Role of Gonadal Hormones on Glutamate LevelAfter Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Microdialysis Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:225-234. [PMID: 31462977 PMCID: PMC6712632 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sex differences in outcomes of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) suggest a sex-hormone-mediated effect on post-SCI pathological events, including glutamate excitotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the importance of gonadal hormones on glutamate release subsequent to SCI in rats. Methods: After laminectomy at T8–T9, an electrolytic lesion was applied to the spinothalamic tracts of male and female rats. Using spinal microdialysis, we assessed glutamate levels at the site of lesion in both intact and gonadectomized rats for 4 hours. In this way, we examined the sex differences in the glutamate concentrations. Results: The peak retention time of glutamate level was 10.6 min and spinal glutamate concentration reached a maximum level 40 min following SCI. In male SCI rats, gonadectomy caused a significant elevation of glutamate level (P<0.001) following injury which was maximum 40 min post-SCI as well. However, no significant alterations were seen in gonadectomized female rats. Conclusion: The significant differences in glutamate levels between both intact and gonadectomized SCI male and female rats show the sex-hormone-related mechanisms underlying the molecular events in the second phase of SCI. It seems that the role of male gonadal hormones to prevent glutamate excitotoxicity is more prominent. The exact mechanisms of these hormones on the functional recovery after SCI should be clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Samandari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ascorbic acid attenuates cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress in ovariectomized mice. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nijman TAJ, Goedhart MM, Naaktgeboren CN, de Haan TR, Vijlbrief DC, Mol BW, Benders MJN, Franx A, Oudijk MA. Effect of nifedipine and atosiban on perinatal brain injury: secondary analysis of the APOSTEL-III trial. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:806-812. [PMID: 28452086 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain injury in neonates born prematurely is associated strongly with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban in women with threatened preterm birth can reduce the incidence of overall brain injury in neonates born prematurely. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the APOSTEL-III trial (Dutch Clinical Trial Registry, no. NTR2947), a randomized clinical trial in which women with threatened preterm labor between 25 and 34 weeks of gestation were allocated to treatment with nifedipine or atosiban. In this secondary analysis, women delivered at ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age in the two main contributing centers were included. Primary outcome was the presence of neonatal brain injury, which was defined as presence of abnormalities on ultrasound investigation and classified into mild and severe. To evaluate type and severity of brain injury, all neonatal ultrasounds performed during neonatal intensive and medium care admission were analyzed. To test the robustness of our results, a sensitivity analysis was performed assessing differences in baseline or known risk factors for brain injury. RESULTS A total of 117 neonates (from 102 women) were studied, of which 51 had been exposed to nifedipine and 66 to atosiban. Brain injury was observed in 22 (43.1%) neonates in the nifedipine group compared with 37 (56.1%) in the atosiban group (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.29-1.24). Presence of mild brain injury was comparable between the nifedipine (33.3%) and atosiban (48.5%) groups (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.25-1.13). Severe brain injury was also comparable between the groups, observed in 9.8% of neonates in the nifedipine vs 7.6% of those in the atosiban group (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.36-4.85). Intraventricular hemorrhage (≥ Grade I) was the most frequently seen ultrasound abnormality, observed in 18 (35.3%) neonates in the nifedipine group vs 25 (37.9%) in the atosiban group (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.42-1.91). The sensitivity analysis, with adjustment for maternal age and gestational age at randomization, showed no statistical difference between the groups for presence of brain injury (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.27-1.27). CONCLUSION In children born before 32 weeks of gestation after the use of tocolytics, the prevalence of brain injury was high. No significant differences were found with respect to overall brain injury between neonates exposed to nifedipine and those exposed to atosiban. However, as this study was a secondary analysis of the APOSTEL III trial, it was underpowered for brain injury. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A J Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M M Goedhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C N Naaktgeboren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T R de Haan
- Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D C Vijlbrief
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B W Mol
- The Robinson Research Institute, School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health and The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M J N Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M A Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effects of Female Sex Steroids Administration on Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:393-416. [PMID: 29151229 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secondary brain damage following initial brain damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of adverse outcomes. There are many gaps in TBI research and a lack of therapy to limit debilitating outcomes in TBI or enhance the neurogenesis, despite pre-clinical and clinical research performed in TBI. Females show harmful outcomes against brain damage including TBI less than males, independent of different TBI occurrence. A significant reduction in secondary brain damage and improvement in neurologic outcome post-TBI has been reported following the use of progesterone and estrogen in many experimental studies. Although useful features of sex steroids including progesterone have been identified in TBI clinical trials I and II, clinical trials III have been unsuccessful. This review article focuses on evidence of secondary injury mechanisms and neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone in TBI. Understanding these mechanisms may enable researchers to achieve greater success in TBI clinical studies. It seems that the design of clinical studies should be revised due to translation loss of animal studies to clinical studies. The heterogeneous and complex nature of TBI, the endogenous levels of sex hormones at the time of taking these hormones, the therapeutic window of the drug, the dosage of the drug, the selection of appropriate targets in evaluation, the determination of responsive population, gender and age based on animal studies should be considered in the design of TBI human studies in future.
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Kantojärvi K, Liuhanen J, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Satomaa AL, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Jaatela J, Toivola A, Milani L, Himanen SL, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paavonen J, Paunio T. Variants in calcium voltage-gated channel subunit Alpha1 C-gene (CACNA1C) are associated with sleep latency in infants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180652. [PMID: 28792954 PMCID: PMC5549883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C) are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia where sleep disturbances are common. In an experimental model, Cacna1c has been found to modulate the electrophysiological architecture of sleep. There are strong genetic influences for consolidation of sleep in infancy, but only a few studies have thus far researched the genetic factors underlying the process. We hypothesized that genetic variants in CACNA1C affect the regulation of sleep in early development. Seven variants that were earlier associated (genome-wide significantly) with psychiatric disorders at CACNA1C were selected for analyses. The study sample consists of 1086 infants (520 girls and 566 boys) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort (genotyped by Illumina Infinium PsychArray BeadChip). Sleep length, latency, and nightly awakenings were reported by the parents of the infants with a home-delivered questionnaire at 8 months of age. The genetic influence of CACNA1C variants on sleep in infants was examined by using PLINK software. Three of the examined CACNA1C variants, rs4765913, rs4765914, and rs2239063, were associated with sleep latency (permuted P<0.05). There was no significant association between studied variants and night awakenings or sleep duration. CACNA1C variants for psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with long sleep latency among 8-month-old infants. It remains to be clarified whether the findings refer to defective regulation of sleep, or to distractibility of sleep under external influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Kantojärvi
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Liuhanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna-Liisa Satomaa
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Kylliäinen
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pölkki
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Toivola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lili Milani
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Juulia Paavonen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors in lumbar motoneurons of mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:7-11. [PMID: 28501695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts protective roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the expression of aromatase (ARO) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the motoneurons of spinal cord, has not yet been elucidated. By immunohistochemistry, we found that ARO and ERs were present in the ventral horn of adult mice lumbar spinal cord, and colocalized with SMI-32, a motoneuron specific marker. Within motoneurons, we observed that ARO is detected primarily in the cytoplasm, with fewer ARO in the nucleus; ERα and ERβ mainly localized in the nucleus with less in the cytoplasm; while GPR30 is located in soma and processes. In conclusion, we found that ERs and ARO are expressed in the motoneurons of lumbar spinal cord in adult mice. These findings suggest that estrogen may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for prevention of damage and improvement of locomotor function in ALS.
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Vahidinia Z, Alipour N, Atlasi MA, Naderian H, Beyer C, Azami Tameh A. Gonadal steroids block the calpain-1-dependent intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in an experimental rat stroke model. Neurol Res 2016; 39:54-64. [PMID: 27832728 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1250459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apoptosis plays an important role in the progression of the ischemic penumbra after reperfusion. Estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain damage, however the exact mechanisms of neuroprotection and signaling pathways is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the possible regulatory effects of a combined steroid treatment on extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways after cerebral ischemia. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) using an intraluminal filament technique for 1 h followed by 23 h reperfusion. Estrogen and progesterone were immediately injected after tMCAO subcutaneously. Sensorimotor functional tests and the infarct volume were evaluated 24 h after ischemia. Protein expression of calpain-1 and Fas receptor (FasR), key members of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, were determined in the penumbra region of the ischemic brain using western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS Neurological deficits and infarct volume were significantly reduced following hormone therapy. Calpain-1 up-regulation and caspase-3 activation were apparent 24 h after ischemia in the peri-infarct area of the cerebral cortex. Steroid hormone treatment reduced infarct pathology and attenuated the induction of both proteases. FasR protein levels were not affected by ischemia and hormone application. CONCLUSION We conclude that a combined steroid treatment inhibits ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis through the regulation of intrinsic pathways.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- CBF, Cerebral blood flow
- CCA, Common carotid artery
- CNS, Central nervous system
- Calpain-1
- DISC, Death inducing signaling complex
- Estrogen
- FasR, Fas receptor
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HRP, Horseradish peroxidase
- I/R, Ischemia/reperfusion
- ICA, Internal carotid artery
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- MCA, Middle cerebral artery
- MCAO, Middle cerebral artery occlusion
- NeuN, Neuronal nuclear antigen
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- PU, Perfusion units
- PVDF, Polyvinylidene fluoride
- Progesterone
- RIPA, Radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TBI, Traumatic brain ischemia
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TTC, Triphenyltetrazolium chloride
- TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling
- tMCAO
- tMCAO, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vahidinia
- a Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Nasim Alipour
- a Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Atlasi
- a Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Homayoun Naderian
- a Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- b Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- a Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran.,c Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
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27
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L-Type Calcium Channels Modulation by Estradiol. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4996-5007. [PMID: 27525676 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are key regulators of brain function, and their dysfunction has been associated with multiple conditions and neurodegenerative diseases because they couple membrane depolarization to the influx of calcium-and other processes such as gene expression-in excitable cells. L-type calcium channels, one of the three major classes and probably the best characterized of the voltage-gated calcium channels, act as an essential calcium binding proteins with a significant biological relevance. It is well known that estradiol can activate rapidly brain signaling pathways and modulatory/regulatory proteins through non-genomic (or non-transcriptional) mechanisms, which lead to an increase of intracellular calcium that activate multiple kinases and signaling cascades, in the same way as L-type calcium channels responses. In this context, estrogens-L-type calcium channels signaling raises intracellular calcium levels and activates the same signaling cascades in the brain probably through estrogen receptor-independent modulatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the available literature on this area, which seems to suggest that estradiol exerts dual effects/modulation on these channels in a concentration-dependent manner (as a potentiator of these channels in pM concentrations and as an inhibitor in nM concentrations). Indeed, estradiol may orchestrate multiple neurotrophic responses, which open a new avenue for the development of novel estrogen-based therapies to alleviate different neuropathologies. We also highlight that it is essential to determine through computational and/or experimental approaches the interaction between estradiol and L-type calcium channels to assist these developments, which is an interesting area of research that deserves a closer look in future biomedical research.
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Samantaray S, Das A, Matzelle DC, Yu SP, Wei L, Varma A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates persistent inflammation, promotes angiogenesis, and improves locomotor function following chronic spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurochem 2016; 137:604-17. [PMID: 26998684 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurological function and, depending upon the severity of injury, may lead to paralysis. Currently, no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy is available for SCI. High-dose methylprednisolone is widely used, but this treatment is controversial. We have previously shown that low doses of estrogen reduces inflammation, attenuates cell death, and protects axon and myelin in SCI rats, but its effectiveness in recovery of function is not known. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether low doses of estrogen in post-SCI would reduce inflammation, protect cells and axons, and improve locomotor function during the chronic phase of injury. Injury (40 g.cm force) was induced at thoracic 10 in young adult male rats. Rats were treated with 10 or 100 μg 17β-estradiol (estrogen) for 7 days following SCI and compared with vehicle-treated injury and laminectomy (sham) controls. Histology (H&E staining), immunohistofluorescence, Doppler laser technique, and Western blotting were used to monitor tissue integrity, gliosis, blood flow, angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic factors, axonal degeneration, and locomotor function (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating) following injury. To assess the progression of recovery, rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 42 days post injury. A reduction in glial reactivity, attenuation of axonal and myelin damage, protection of cells, increased expression of angiogenic factors and microvessel growth, and improved locomotor function were found following estrogen treatment compared with vehicle-treated SCI rats. These results suggest that treatment with a very low dose of estrogen has significant therapeutic implications for the improvement of locomotor function in chronic SCI. Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi-active beneficial outcomes that could ameliorate the degenerative pathways in chronic SCI as shown in (a). Furthermore, the alterations in local spinal blood flow could be significantly alleviated with low dose estrogen therapy. This therapy led to the preservation of the structural integrity of the spinal cord (b), which in turn led to the improved functional recovery as shown (c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise C Matzelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhay Varma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Chakrabarti M, Das A, Samantaray S, Smith JA, Banik NL, Haque A, Ray SK. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:271-81. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEstrogen (EST) is a steroid hormone that exhibits several important physiological roles in the human body. During the last few decades, EST has been well recognized as an important neuroprotective agent in a variety of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The exact molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection in the CNS remain unclear due to heterogeneity of cell populations that express EST receptors (ERs) in the CNS as well as in the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent investigations suggest that EST protects the CNS from injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cell death, while promoting neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurotrophic support. In this review, we have described the currently known molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI and TBI. At the same time, we have emphasized on the recent in vitro and in vivo findings from our and other laboratories, implying potential clinical benefits of EST in the treatment of SCI and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua A. Smith
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Chen X, Xing J, Jiang L, Qian W, Wang Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang J, Zhang J. Involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in methamphetamine-induced neural damage. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1460-7. [PMID: 26923100 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an illicit drug, is widely abused in many parts of the world. Mounting evidence shows that METH exposure contributes to neurotoxicity, particularly for the monoaminergic neurons. However, to date, only a few studies have tried to unravel the mechanisms involved in METH-induced non-monoaminergic neural damage. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to explore the mechanisms for METH-induced neural damage in cortical neurons. Our results showed that METH significantly increased intracellular [Ca(2) (+) ]i in Ca(2) (+) -containing solution rather than Ca(2) (+) -free solution. Moreover, METH also upregulated calmodulin (CaM) expression and activated CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Significantly, METH-induced neural damage can be partially retarded by CaM antagonist W7 as well as CaMKII blocker KN93. In addition, L-type Ca(2) (+) channel was also proved to be involved in METH-induced cell damage, as nifedipine, the L-type Ca(2) (+) channel-specific inhibitor, markedly attenuated METH-induced neural damage. Collectively, our results suggest that Ca(2) (+) -CaM-CaMKII is involved in METH-mediated neurotoxicity, and it might suggest a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies for METH abuse. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wenyi Qian
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Samantaray S, Das A, Matzelle DC, Yu SP, Wei L, Varma A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates gliosis and protects neurons in acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1064-73. [PMID: 26662641 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with neurological deficits and loss of motor function that, depending on the severity, may lead to paralysis. The only treatment currently available is methylprednisolone, which is widely used and renders limited efficacy in SCI. Therefore, other therapeutic agents must be developed. The neuroprotective efficacy of estrogen in SCI was studied with a pre-clinical and pro-translational perspective. Acute SCI was induced in rats that were treated with low doses of estrogen (1, 5, 10, or 100 μg/kg) and compared with vehicle-treated injured rats or laminectomy control (sham) rats at 48 h post-SCI. Changes in gliosis and other pro-inflammatory responses, expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes (e.g., calpain, caspase-3), apoptosis of neurons in SCI, and cell death were monitored via Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Negligible pro-inflammatory responses or proteolytic events and very low levels of neuronal death were found in sham rats. In contrast, vehicle-treated SCI rats showed profound pro-inflammatory responses with reactive gliosis, elevated expression and activity of calpain and caspase-3, elevated Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, and high levels of neuronal death in lesion and caudal regions of the injured spinal cord. Estrogen treatment at each dose reduced pro-inflammatory and proteolytic activities and protected neurons in the caudal penumbra in acute SCI. Estrogen treatment at 10 μg was found to be as effective as 100 μg in ameliorating the above parameters in injured animals. Results from this investigation indicated that estrogen at a low dose could be a promising therapeutic agent for treating acute SCI. Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi-active beneficial outcomes. Estrogen has been found to ameliorate several degenerative pathways following SCI. Thus, such early protective effects may even lead to functional recovery in long term injury. Studies are underway in chronic SCI in a follow up manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise C Matzelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesia, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abhay Varma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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32
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Chang T, Fan C, Man Y, Zhou J, Jing Y. Bisphenol A affects germination and tube growth in Picea meyeri pollen through modulating Ca2+ flux and disturbing actin-dependent vesicular trafficking during cell wall construction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:216-224. [PMID: 26113161 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widespread pollutant, is reportedly harmful to humans, animals and plants. However, the effect of BPA on plant pollen tube growth, as well as the mechanism involved, remains unclear. Here, we report that BPA significantly inhibited Picea meyeri pollen germination and tube elongation in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy showed that BPA was detrimental to organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. Non-invasive detection revealed that BPA inhibited extracellular Ca(2+) influx and promoted intracellular Ca(2+) efflux at the pollen tube tip, thereby inducing a dissipated Ca(2+) gradient. Fluorescence labeling showed that BPA disorganized actin filaments (AFs), which subsequently led to abnormal vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, BPA reduced the activity of acid phosphatase, a typical exocytosis enzyme. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and subsequent fluorescence labeling revealed that BPA induced an abnormal deposition of cell wall components, including pectins and callose. Taken together, our results indicate that BPA, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, disturbs Ca(2+) flux in P. meyeri pollen tubes, thus disrupting AF organization, resulting in abnormal actin-dependent vesicle trafficking and further affecting the deposition of cell wall components. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of BPA toxicity in pollen tube tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjie Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chengyu Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Man
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yanping Jing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Jeong SA, Kim IY, Lee AR, Yoon MJ, Cho H, Lee JS, Choi KS. Ca2+ influx-mediated dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and c-FLIPL downregulation trigger CDDO-Me-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21173-92. [PMID: 26053096 PMCID: PMC4673258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-C28-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) is considered a promising anti-tumorigenic compound. In this study, we show that treatment with CDDO-Me induces progressive endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vacuolation in various breast cancer cells and ultimately kills these cells by inducing apoptosis. We found that CDDO-Me-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels, reflecting influx from the extracellular milieu, make a critical contribution to ER-derived vacuolation and subsequent cell death. In parallel with increasing Ca2+ levels, CDDO-Me markedly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, there exists a reciprocal positive-regulatory loop between Ca2+ influx and ROS generation that triggers ER stress and ER dilation in response to CDDO-Me. In addition, CDDO-Me rapidly reduced the protein levels of c-FLIPL (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein) and overexpression of c-FLIPL blocked CDDO-Me-induced cell death, but not vacuolation. These results suggest that c-FLIPL downregulation is a key contributor to CDDO-Me-induced apoptotic cell death, independent of ER-derived vacuolation. Taken together, our results show that ER-derived vacuolation via Ca2+ influx and ROS generation as well as caspase activation via c-FLIPL downregulation are responsible for the potent anticancer effects of CDDO-Me on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ah Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Graduate Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Vliet EOG, Seinen L, Roos C, Schuit E, Scheepers HCJ, Bloemenkamp KWM, Duvekot JJ, Eyck J, Kok JH, Lotgering FK, Baar A, Wassenaer‐Leemhuis AG, Franssen MT, Porath MM, Post JAM, Franx A, Mol BWJ, Oudijk MA. Maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine in threatened preterm labour: 2‐year follow up of the offspring in the
APOSTEL II
trial. BJOG 2015; 123:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EOG Vliet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - L Seinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - C Roos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - E Schuit
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
- Stanford Prevention Research Centre Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - HCJ Scheepers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - KWM Bloemenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - JJ Duvekot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - J Eyck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Isala Clinics Zwolle the Netherlands
| | - JH Kok
- Department of Neonatology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - FK Lotgering
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - A Baar
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - MT Franssen
- Department of Obstetrics University Medical Centre University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - MM Porath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Máxima Medical Centre Veldhoven the Netherlands
| | - JAM Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - BWJ Mol
- The Robinson Institute School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - MA Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Cox A, Varma A, Barry J, Vertegel A, Banik N. Nanoparticle Estrogen in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Elicits Rapid Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Tissue. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1413-21. [PMID: 25845398 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are in need of effective therapeutics. Estrogen (E2), as a steroid hormone, is a highly pleiotropic agent; with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic properties, it is ideal for use in treatment of patients with SCI. Safety concerns around the use of high doses of E2 have limited clinical application, however. To address these concerns, low doses of E2 (25 μg and 2.5 μg) were focally delivered to the injured spinal cord using nanoparticles. A per-acute model (6 h after injury) was used to assess nanoparticle release of E2 into damaged spinal cord tissue; in addition, E2 was evaluated as a rapid anti-inflammatory. To assess inflammation, 27-plex cytokine/chemokine arrays were conducted in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and spinal cord tissue. A particular focus was placed on IL-6, GRO-KC, and MCP-1 as these have been identified from CSF in human studies as potential biomarkers in SCI. S100β, an additional proposed biomarker, was also assessed in spinal cord tissue only. Tissue concentrations of E2 were double those found in the plasma, indicating focal release. E2 showed rapid anti-inflammatory effects, significantly reducing interleukin (IL)-6, GRO-KC, MCP-1, and S100β in one or all compartments. Numerous additional targets of rapid E2 modulation were identified including: leptin, MIP-1α, IL-4, IL-2, IL-10, IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor-α, etc. These data further elucidate the rapid anti-inflammatory effects E2 exerts in an acute rat SCI model, have identified additional targets of estrogen efficacy, and suggest nanoparticle delivered estrogen may provide a safe and efficacious treatment option in persons with acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Cox
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Abhay Varma
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John Barry
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Alexey Vertegel
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Naren Banik
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,3 Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
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Lysenko LA, Kantserova NP, Rendakov NL, Nemova NN. [Calpains and their endo- and exogenous regulators in various neurodegeneration models]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 40:695-702. [PMID: 25895366 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of experimental series with murine models there was obtained the evidence on calcium-dependent protease activity changes in rat brain at induced neurodegeneration. The properties of the proteolytic and regulatory components of calpain system under the effect of neurotoxic stimuli--amyloid beta-peptide or glutamate--were characterized; the basic endogenous regulatory mechanisms of calcium-dependent proteolysis modulation were determined as well. Neuroprotective properties of exogenous calpain regulators differing in the mechanisms of action (sex steroids, calcium regulators) were tested on studied neurodegeneration models.
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37
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N-Methyl-d-aspartate Preconditioning Prevents Quinolinic Acid-Induced Deregulation of Glutamate and Calcium Homeostasis in Mice Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:118-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Peng Y, Jiang B, Wu H, Dai R, Tan L. Effects of genistein on neuronal apoptosis, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2874-81. [PMID: 25317139 PMCID: PMC4190945 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.36.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is one of several isoflavones that has a structure similar to 17β-estradiol, has a strong antioxidant effect, and a high affinity to estrogen receptors. At 15 weeks after ovariectomy, the expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus of rats decreased and Bax expression increased, with an obvious upregulation of apoptosis. However, intraperitoneal injection of genistein or 17β-estradiol for 15 consecutive weeks from the second day after operation upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulated Bax protein expression, and attenuated hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Our experimental findings indicate that long-term intervention with genistein can lead to a decrease in apoptosis in hippocampal neurons following ovariectomy, upregulate the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulate the expression of Bax. In addition, genistein and 17β-estradiol play equal anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruchun Dai
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Chakrabarti M, Haque A, Banik NL, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Ray SK. Estrogen receptor agonists for attenuation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:22-31. [PMID: 25245209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent results from laboratory investigations and clinical trials indicate important roles for estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from noxious consequences of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative processes in several CNS disorders including spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with activation of microglia and astrocytes, which drive the resident neuroinflammatory response. During neurodegenerative processes, activated microglia and astrocytes cause deleterious effects on surrounding neurons. The inhibitory activity of ER agonists on microglia activation might be a beneficial therapeutic option for delaying the onset or progression of neurodegenerative injuries and diseases. Recent studies suggest that ER agonists can provide neuroprotection by modulation of cell survival mechanisms, synaptic reorganization, regenerative responses to axonal injury, and neurogenesis process. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of ER agonists are mediated mainly via two ERs known as ERα and ERβ. Although some studies have suggested that ER agonists may be deleterious to some neuronal populations, the potential clinical benefits of ER agonists for augmenting cognitive function may triumph over the associated side effects. Also, understanding the modulatory activities of ER agonists on inflammatory pathways will possibly lead to the development of selective anti-inflammatory molecules with neuroprotective roles in different CNS disorders such as SCI, MS, PD, and AD in humans. Future studies should be concentrated on finding the most plausible molecular pathways for enhancing protective functions of ER agonists in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative injuries and diseases in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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40
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Fischer B, Gleason C, Asthana S. Effects of hormone therapy on cognition and mood. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:898-904. [PMID: 24680649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) suggested that hormone therapy (HT) may be detrimental to cognitive health. This article reviews clinical studies that address issues relevant to those results. DESIGN Literature review. INTERVENTION(S) A search of Pubmed and Web of Science was conducted using the search terms HT and cognition, HT and mood. Clinical and observational studies were selected if they were published after the year 2000. Theories of HT mechanisms of action, pharmacology, biology, and observational and clinical trials are discussed. RESULT(S) Although observational and clinical trials show conflicting findings, methodologic considerations must be acknowledged. HT formulation and dose, route of administration, timing of initiation, length of treatment, and health of participants all contribute to inconsistencies in results. Transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone administered at time of menopause are generally associated with cognitive and affective benefit. CONCLUSION(S) At the present time, results from existing studies are equivocal regarding the benefits of HT on cognition and affect. Future studies, such as the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), should address methodologic inconsistencies to provide clearer answers to this important question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fischer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Carey Gleason
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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41
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Feng Y, Wang B, Du F, Li H, Wang S, Hu C, Zhu C, Yu X. The involvement of PI3K-mediated and L-VGCC-gated transient Ca2+ influx in 17β-estradiol-mediated protection of retinal cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis with Ca2+ overload. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77218. [PMID: 24223708 PMCID: PMC3818527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays an important role in regulating most cellular processes, including apoptosis and survival, but its alterations are different and complicated under diverse conditions. In this study, we focused on the [Ca2+]i and its control mechanisms in process of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis of primary cultured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat retinal cells and 17β-estradiol (βE2) anti-apoptosis. Fluo-3AM was used as a Ca2+ indicator to detect [Ca2+]i through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), cell viability was assayed using MTT assay, and apoptosis was marked by Hoechst 33342 and annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining. Besides, PI3K activity was detected by Western blotting. Results showed: a) 100 μM H2O2-induced retinal cell apoptosis occurred at 4 h after H2O2 stress and increased in a time-dependent manner, but [Ca2+]i increased earlier at 2 h, sustained to 12 h, and then recovered at 24 h after H2O2 stress; b) 10 μM βE2 treatment for 0.5-24 hrs increased cell viability by transiently increasing [Ca2+]i, which appeared only at 0.5 h after βE2 application; c) increased [Ca2+]i under 100 µM H2O2 treatment for 2 hrs or 10 µM βE2 treatment for 0.5 hrs was, at least partly, due to extracellular Ca2+ stores; d) importantly, the transiently increased [Ca2+]i induced by 10 µM βE2 treatment for 0.5 hrs was mediated by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and gated by the L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (L-VGCC), but the increased [Ca2+]i induced by 100 µM H2O2 treatment for 2 hrs was not affected; and e) pretreatment with 10 µM βE2 for 0.5 hrs effectively protected retinal cells from apoptosis induced by 100 µM H2O2, which was also associated with its transient [Ca2+]i increase through L-VGCC and PI3K pathway. These findings will lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of βE2-mediated retinal protection and to exploration of the novel therapeutic strategies for retina degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangying Du
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaolan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenghu Hu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-and-Gene Related Diseases of the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhou X, Ding Q, Chen Z, Yun H, Wang H. Involvement of the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits in synaptic and extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and neuronal excitotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24151-9. [PMID: 23839940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GluN2A and GluN2B are the major subunits of functional NMDA receptors (NMDAR). Previous studies have suggested that GluN2A and GluN2B may differentially mediate NMDAR function at synaptic and extrasynaptic locations and play opposing roles in excitotoxicity, such as neurodegeneration triggered by ischemic stroke and brain injury. By using pharmacological and molecular approaches to suppress or enhance the function of GluN2A and GluN2B in cultured cortical neurons, we examined NMDAR-mediated, bidirectional regulation of prosurvival signaling (i.e. the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-Bdnf cascade) and cell death. Inhibition of GluN2A or GluN2B attenuated the up-regulation of prosurvival signaling triggered by the activation of either synaptic or extrasynaptic NMDAR. Inhibition of GluN2A or GluN2B also attenuated the down-regulation of prosurvival signaling triggered by the coactivation of synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. The effects of GluN2B on CREB-Bdnf signaling were larger than those of GluN2A. Consistently, compared with suppression of GluN2A, suppression of GluN2B resulted in more reduction of NMDA- and oxygen glucose deprivation-induced excitotoxicity as well as NMDAR-mediated elevation of intracellular calcium. Moreover, excitotoxicity and down-regulation of CREB were exaggerated in neurons overexpressing GluN2A or GluN2B. Together, we found that GluN2A and GluN2B are involved in the function of both synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR, demonstrating that they play similar rather than opposing roles in NMDAR-mediated bidirectional regulation of prosurvival signaling and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Samantaray S, Patel KS, Knaryan VH, Thakore NP, Roudabush S, Heissenbuttle JH, Becker HC, Banik NL. Calpain inhibition prevents ethanol-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1734-41. [PMID: 23690229 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of ethanol (EtOH) alters the structure and function in brain and spinal cord. The present study addresses the mechanisms of EtOH-induced damaging effects on spinal motoneurons in vitro. Altered morphology and biochemical changes of such damage were demonstrated by in situ Wright staining and DNA ladder assay. EtOH at low to moderate (25-50 mM) concentrations induced damaging effects in the motoneuronal scaffold which involved activation of proteases like μ-calpain and caspase-3. Caspase-8 was seen only at higher (100 mM) EtOH concentration. Further, pretreatment with calpeptin, a potent calpain inhibitor, confirmed the involvement of active proteases in EtOH-induced damage to motoneurons. The lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D was also elevated in the motoneurons by EtOH, and this effect was significantly attenuated by inhibitor treatment. Overall, EtOH exposure rendered spinal motoneurons vulnerable to damage, and calpeptin provided protection, suggesting a critical role of calpain activation in EtOH-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Siriphorn A, Dunham KA, Chompoopong S, Floyd CL. Postinjury administration of 17β-estradiol induces protection in the gray and white matter with associated functional recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in male rats. J Comp Neurol 2013; 520:2630-46. [PMID: 22684936 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The majority of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in the clinic occur at the lower cervical levels, resulting in both white and gray matter disruption. In contrast, most experimental models of SCI in rodents induce damage in the thoracic cord, resulting primarily in white matter disruption. To address this disparity, experimental cervical SCI models have been developed. Thus, we used a recently characterized model of cervical hemicontusion SCI in adult male rats to assess the potential therapeutic effect of post-SCI administration of 17β-estradiol. Rats received a hemicontusion at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5) followed by administration of 17β-estradiol via a slow release pellet (0.5 or 5.0 mg/pellet) beginning at 30 minutes post-SCI. Behavioral evaluation of skilled and unskilled forelimb function and locomotor function were conducted for 7 weeks after SCI. Upon conclusion of the behavioral assessments, spinal cords were collected and histochemistry and stereology were conducted to evaluate the effect of treatment on the lesion characteristics. We found that post-SCI administration of 17β-estradiol decreased neuronal loss in the ventral horn, decreased reactive astrogliosis, decreased the immune response, and increased white mater sparing at the lesion epicenter. Additionally, post-SCI administration of 17β-estradiol improved skilled forelimb function and locomotor function. Taken together, these data suggest that post-SCI administration of 17β-estradiol protected both the gray and white matter in cervical SCI. Moreover, this treatment improved function on skilled motor tasks that involve both gray and white matter components, suggesting that this is likely a highly clinically relevant protective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkradate Siriphorn
- Center for Glial Biology in Medicine and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35249, USA
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Neuroprotective Effects of Estradiol on Motoneurons in a Model of Rat Spinal Cord Embryonic Explants. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:421-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li SY, Wang XG, Ma MM, Liu Y, Du YH, Lv XF, Zhou JG, Tang YB, Guan YY. Ginsenoside-Rd potentiates apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in basilar artery smooth muscle cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis 2012; 17:113-20. [PMID: 22076303 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that ginsenoside-Rd, a purified component from Panax notoginseng, inhibited cell proliferation and reversed basilar artery remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ginsenoside- Rd influences H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in basilar artery smooth muscle cells (BASMCs). The results showed that ginsenoside-Rd significantly potentiated H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and cell apoptosis. This resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of the cell viability. Ginsenoside-Rd further increased cytochrome C release and caspase-9/caspase-3 activations, and reduced the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial-permeability transition, inhibited alteration of mitochondrial permeability induced by H(2)O(2) and reversed the effect of ginsenoside-Rd on MMP. Our data strongly suggest that ginsenoside-Rd potentiated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of BASMCs through the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Luoma JI, Stern CM, Mermelstein PG. Progesterone inhibition of neuronal calcium signaling underlies aspects of progesterone-mediated neuroprotection. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 131:30-6. [PMID: 22101209 PMCID: PMC3303940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is being utilized as a therapeutic means to ameliorate neuron loss and cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Although there have been numerous attempts to determine the means by which progesterone exerts neuroprotective effects, studies describing the underlying molecular mechanisms are lacking. What has become clear, however, is the notion that progesterone can thwart several physiological processes that are detrimental to neuron function and survival, including inflammation, edema, demyelination and excitotoxicity. One clue regarding the means by which progesterone has restorative value comes from the notion that these aforementioned biological processes all share the common theme of eliciting pronounced increases in intracellular calcium. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that progesterone regulation of calcium signaling underlies its ability to mitigate these cellular insults, ultimately leading to neuroprotection. Further, we describe recent findings that indicate neuroprotection is achieved via progesterone block of voltage-gated calcium channels, although additional outcomes may arise from blockade of various other ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neurosteroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie I Luoma
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Zhou C, Yang A, Chai Z. Ca(2+) channel currents of cortical neurons from pure and mixed cultures. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:173-9. [PMID: 22143344 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) are key regulators of many neuronal functions, and involved in multiple central nervous system diseases. In the last 30 years, a large number of injury and disease models have been established based on cultured neurons. Culture with serum develops a mixture of neurons and glial cells, while culture without serum develops pure neurons. Both of these neuronal-culture methods are widely used. However, the properties of Ca(2+) currents in neurons from these two cultures have not been compared. In this study, we cultured rat cortical neurons in serum-containing or -free medium and then recorded the Ca(2+) channel currents using patch-clamp technique. Our results showed that there were significant differences in the amplitude and activation properties of whole-cell Ca(2+) channel currents, and of non-L-type Ca(2+) channel currents between the neurons from these two culture systems. Our data suggested that the difference of whole-cell Ca(2+) currents may result from the differences in non-L-type currents. Understanding of these properties will considerably advance studies of VGCCs in neurons from pure or mixed culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Ma S, Liu H, Jiao H, Wang L, Chen L, Liang J, Zhao M, Zhang X. Neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide K on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC 12 cells via inhibition of ROS generation and Ca(2+) influx. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:59-69. [PMID: 22120026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia disease. [Ca(2+)](i) influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are considered to be involved in glutamate-induced apoptosis process. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ginkgolide K in the glutamate-induced rat's adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC 12 cells) and the possible mechanism. Glutamate cytotoxicity in PC 12 cells was accompanied by an increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, as well as Ca(2+) influx, bax/bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 protein and ROS generation, and reduction of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, treatment with glutamate alone resulted in decrease activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity. However, pretreatment with ginkgolide K significantly reduced MDA content, LDH release, as well as Ca(2+) influx, cytochrome c release, bax/bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 protein and ROS production, and attenuated the decrease of cells viability and MMP. In addition, ginkgolide K remarkedly up-regulated SOD and GSH-PX activities. All these findings indicated that ginkgolide K protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx and ROS production. Therefore, the present study supports the notion that ginkgolide K may be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ma
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
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Luoma JI, Kelley BG, Mermelstein PG. Progesterone inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels is a potential neuroprotective mechanism against excitotoxicity. Steroids 2011; 76:845-55. [PMID: 21371490 PMCID: PMC3129396 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of progesterone following traumatic brain injury has recently entered phase III clinical trials as a means of neuroprotection. Although it has been hypothesized that progesterone protects against calcium overload following excitotoxic shock, the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of progesterone have yet to be determined. We found that therapeutic concentrations of progesterone to be neuroprotective against depolarization-induced excitotoxicity in cultured striatal neurons. Through use of calcium imaging, electrophysiology and the measurement of changes in activity-dependent gene expression, progesterone was found to block calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels, leading to alterations in the signaling of the activity-dependent transcription factors NFAT and CREB. The effects of progesterone were highly specific to this steroid hormone, although they did not appear to be receptor mediated. In addition, progesterone did not inhibit AMPA or NMDA receptor signaling. This analysis regarding the effect of progesterone on calcium signaling provides both a putative mechanism by which progesterone acts as a neuroprotectant, as well as affords a greater appreciation for its potential far-reaching effects on cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie I Luoma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Brooke G Kelley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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