1
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Salmenov R, Mummery C, ter Huurne M. Cell cycle visualization tools to study cardiomyocyte proliferation in real-time. Open Biol 2024; 14:240167. [PMID: 39378987 PMCID: PMC11461051 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes in the adult human heart are quiescent and those lost following heart injury are not replaced by proliferating survivors. Considerable effort has been made to understand the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit and re-entry, with view to discovering therapeutics that could stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. The advent of large compound libraries and robotic liquid handling platforms has enabled the screening of thousands of conditions in a single experiment but success of these screens depends on the appropriateness and quality of the model used. Quantification of (human) cardiomyocyte proliferation in high throughput has remained problematic because conventional antibody-based staining is costly, technically challenging and does not discriminate between cardiomyocyte division and failure in karyokinesis or cytokinesis. Live cell imaging has provided alternatives that facilitate high-throughput screening but these have other limitations. Here, we (i) review the cell cycle features of cardiomyocytes, (ii) discuss various cell cycle fluorescent reporter systems, and (iii) speculate on what could improve their predictive value in the context of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, we consider how these new methods can be used in combination with state-of-the-art three-dimensional human cardiac organoid platforms to identify pro-proliferative signalling pathways that could stimulate regeneration of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Salmenov
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden2300RC, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Menno ter Huurne
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden2300RC, The Netherlands
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2
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Liang J, He X, Wang Y. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in congenital heart disease. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2024; 2:e2501. [PMID: 39308981 PMCID: PMC11412308 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in prenatal screening and a notable decrease in mortality rates, congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the most prevalent congenital disorder in newborns globally. Current therapeutic surgical approaches face challenges due to the significant rise in complications and disabilities. Emerging cardiac regenerative therapies offer promising adjuncts for CHD treatment. One novel avenue involves investigating methods to stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the mechanism of altered cardiomyocyte proliferation in CHD is not fully understood, and there are few feasible approaches to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycling for optimal healing in CHD patients. In this review, we explore recent progress in understanding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying defective cardiomyocyte proliferation in CHD from development through birth. Targeting cell cycle pathways shows promise for enhancing cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, division, and regeneration to repair heart defects. Advancements in human disease modeling techniques, CRISPR-based genome and epigenome editing, and next-generation sequencing technologies will expedite the exploration of abnormal machinery governing cardiomyocyte differentiation, proliferation, and maturation across diverse genetic backgrounds of CHD. Ongoing studies on screening drugs that regulate cell cycling are poised to translate this nascent technology of enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation into a new therapeutic paradigm for CHD surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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3
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Palmer JA, Rosenthal N, Teichmann SA, Litvinukova M. Revisiting Cardiac Biology in the Era of Single Cell and Spatial Omics. Circ Res 2024; 134:1681-1702. [PMID: 38843288 PMCID: PMC11149945 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime, each beat of the heart requires the coordinated action of multiple cardiac cell types. Understanding cardiac cell biology, its intricate microenvironments, and the mechanisms that govern their function in health and disease are crucial to designing novel therapeutical and behavioral interventions. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly propelled this understanding, offering novel insights into the cellular diversity and function and the complex interactions of cardiac tissue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular landscape of the heart, bridging the gap between suspension-based and emerging in situ approaches, focusing on the experimental and computational challenges, comparative analyses of mouse and human cardiac systems, and the rising contextualization of cardiac cells within their niches. As we explore the heart at this unprecedented resolution, integrating insights from both mouse and human studies will pave the way for novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Palmer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME (N.R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (N.R.)
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory (S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Litvinukova
- University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, Germany (M.L.)
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4
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Dar KB, Ali SR. Seeing is Believing: Muscleblind-like 1 Is Necessary For Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Circulation 2024; 149:1830-1832. [PMID: 38829935 PMCID: PMC11149904 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.068657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid B Dar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shah R Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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5
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Bailey LR, Bugg D, Reichardt IM, Ortaç CD, Nagle A, Gunaje J, Martinson A, Johnson R, MacCoss MJ, Sakamoto T, Kelly DP, Regnier M, Davis JM. MBNL1 Regulates Programmed Postnatal Switching Between Regenerative and Differentiated Cardiac States. Circulation 2024; 149:1812-1829. [PMID: 38426339 PMCID: PMC11147738 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering determinants of cardiomyocyte maturity is critical for deeply understanding the maintenance of differentiated states and potentially reawakening endogenous regenerative programs in adult mammalian hearts as a therapeutic strategy. Forced dedifferentiation paired with oncogene expression is sufficient to drive cardiac regeneration, but elucidation of endogenous developmental regulators of the switch between regenerative and mature cardiomyocyte cell states is necessary for optimal design of regenerative approaches for heart disease. MBNL1 (muscleblind-like 1) regulates fibroblast, thymocyte, and erythroid differentiation and proliferation. Hence, we examined whether MBNL1 promotes and maintains mature cardiomyocyte states while antagonizing cardiomyocyte proliferation. METHODS MBNL1 gain- and loss-of-function mouse models were studied at several developmental time points and in surgical models of heart regeneration. Multi-omics approaches were combined with biochemical, histological, and in vitro assays to determine the mechanisms through which MBNL1 exerts its effects. RESULTS MBNL1 is coexpressed with a maturation-association genetic program in the heart and is regulated by the MEIS1/calcineurin signaling axis. Targeted MBNL1 overexpression early in development prematurely transitioned cardiomyocytes to hypertrophic growth, hypoplasia, and dysfunction, whereas loss of MBNL1 function increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and proliferation through altered cell cycle inhibitor transcript stability. Moreover, MBNL1-dependent stabilization of estrogen-related receptor signaling was essential for maintaining cardiomyocyte maturity in adult myocytes. In accordance with these data, modulating MBNL1 dose tuned the temporal window of neonatal cardiac regeneration, where increased MBNL1 expression arrested myocyte proliferation and regeneration and MBNL1 deletion promoted regenerative states with prolonged myocyte proliferation. However, MBNL1 deficiency was insufficient to promote regeneration in the adult heart because of cell cycle checkpoint activation. CONCLUSIONS Here, MBNL1 was identified as an essential regulator of cardiomyocyte differentiated states, their developmental switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth, and their regenerative potential through controlling an entire maturation program by stabilizing adult myocyte mRNAs during postnatal development and throughout adulthood. Targeting loss of cardiomyocyte maturity and downregulation of cell cycle inhibitors through MBNL1 deletion was not sufficient to promote adult regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R.J. Bailey
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Darrian Bugg
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Isabella M. Reichardt
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - C. Dessirée Ortaç
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Abigail Nagle
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amy Martinson
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Tomoya Sakamoto
- Cardiovascular Institute, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer M. Davis
- Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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6
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Zhu C, Yuan T, Krishnan J. Targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:349-369. [PMID: 38683371 PMCID: PMC11142990 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The limited ability of the adult heart to regenerate has posed challenges in finding effective treatments for cardiac pathologies. While various medications and surgical interventions have been used to improve cardiac function, they are not able to address the extensive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes that occurs during cardiac injury. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding how the cell cycle is regulated and exploring the potential for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation as a means of promoting heart regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation in cases of heart failure, while also highlighting established and novel therapeutic strategies targeting this area for treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Yang Y, Ma D, Liu B, Sun X, Fu W, Lv F, Qiu C. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ASB14 Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by Regulating MAPRE2 Ubiquitination. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:715-727. [PMID: 38319584 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system is a highly specific and selective protein regulatory system that plays an essential role in the regulation of the cell cycle. Despite its significance, the role of ubiquitination in cardiomyocyte proliferation remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB14 (Ankyrin Repeat And SOCS Box Containing 14) on cardiac regeneration. We conducted a microarray analysis of apical resection ventricle tissues, and our findings revealed that ASB14 was down-regulated during the cardiac regenerative response. Subsequently, we examined the effect of ASB14 silencing on cardiomyocyte nuclear proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that ASB14 silencing promoted cardiomyocyte nuclear proliferation, suggesting that ASB14 may play a role in regulating cardiac regeneration. To further investigate the potential therapeutic implications of ASB14 deficiency, we examined the cardiac function of mice with ASB14 deficiency in response to ischemic injury. Our findings showed that mice with ASB14 deficiency exhibited preserved cardiac function and a therapeutic effect in response to ischemic injury, which was attributed to the enhancement of cardiomyocyte nuclear proliferation. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effect of ASB14 on microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2 (MAPRE2) protein degradation. Our results indicated that the loss of ASB14 decreased the degradation of MAPRE2 protein, subsequently promoting cardiomyocyte nuclear proliferation and enhancing cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). In conclusion, our study provides evidence that inhibition of ASB14-mediated MAPRE2 ubiquitination promotes cardiomyocyte nuclear proliferation, which may serve as a potential target for treating heart failure induced by MI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongpu Ma
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Tuberculosis Department No. 1 Ward, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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8
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Karpurapu A, Williams HA, DeBenedittis P, Baker CE, Ren S, Thomas MC, Beard AJ, Devlin GW, Harrington J, Parker LE, Smith AK, Mainsah B, Pla MM, Asokan A, Bowles DE, Iversen E, Collins L, Karra R. Deep Learning Resolves Myovascular Dynamics in the Failing Human Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:674-686. [PMID: 38984052 PMCID: PMC11228115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart harbors minute levels of cycling cardiomyocytes (CMs). Large numbers of images are needed to accurately quantify cycling events using microscopy-based methods. CardioCount is a new deep learning-based pipeline to rigorously score nuclei in microscopic images. When applied to a repository of 368,434 human microscopic images, we found evidence of coupled growth between CMs and cardiac endothelial cells in the adult human heart. Additionally, we found that vascular rarefaction and CM hypertrophy are interrelated in end-stage heart failure. CardioCount is available for use via GitHub and via Google Colab for users with minimal machine learning experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Karpurapu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen A. Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paige DeBenedittis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline E. Baker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simiao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C. Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anneka J. Beard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Garth W. Devlin
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josephine Harrington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren E. Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abigail K. Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Boyla Mainsah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie Collins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Weldrick JJ, Yi R, Megeney LA, Burgon PG. MicroRNA205: A Key Regulator of Cardiomyocyte Transition from Proliferative to Hypertrophic Growth in the Neonatal Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2206. [PMID: 38396885 PMCID: PMC10889831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian myocardium grows rapidly during early development due to cardiomyocyte proliferation, which later transitions to cell hypertrophy to sustain the heart's postnatal growth. Although this cell transition in the postnatal heart is consistently preserved in mammalian biology, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that link proliferation suppression with hypertrophy induction. We reasoned that the production of a micro-RNA(s) could serve as a key bridge to permit changes in gene expression that control the changed cell fate of postnatal cardiomyocytes. We used sequential expression analysis to identify miR205 as a micro-RNA that was uniquely expressed at the cessation of cardiomyocyte growth. Cardiomyocyte-specific miR205 deletion animals showed a 35% increase in heart mass by 3 months of age, with commensurate changes in cell cycle and Hippo pathway activity, confirming miR205's potential role in controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of miR205 in newborn hearts had little effect on heart size or function, indicating a complex, probably redundant regulatory system. These findings highlight miR205's role in controlling the shift from cardiomyocyte proliferation to hypertrophic development in the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Weldrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (J.J.W.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (J.J.W.); (L.A.M.)
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patrick G. Burgon
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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11
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Buddell T, Purdy AL, Patterson M. The genetics of cardiomyocyte polyploidy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:245-295. [PMID: 38556425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of ploidy in cardiomyocytes is a complex and tightly regulated aspect of cardiac development and function. Cardiomyocyte ploidy can range from diploid (2N) to 8N or even 16N, and these states change during key stages of development and disease progression. Polyploidization has been associated with cellular hypertrophy to support normal growth of the heart, increased contractile capacity, and improved stress tolerance in the heart. Conversely, alterations to ploidy also occur during cardiac pathogenesis of diseases, such as ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, understanding which genes control and modulate cardiomyocyte ploidy may provide mechanistic insight underlying cardiac growth, regeneration, and disease. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge regarding the genes involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte ploidy. We discuss genes that have been directly tested for their role in cardiomyocyte polyploidization, as well as methodologies used to identify ploidy alterations. These genes encode cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, metabolic proteins, nuclear scaffolding, and components of the sarcomere, among others. The general physiological and pathological phenotypes in the heart associated with the genetic manipulations described, and how they coincide with the respective cardiomyocyte ploidy alterations, are further discussed in this chapter. In addition to being candidates for genetic-based therapies for various cardiac maladies, these genes and their functions provide insightful evidence regarding the purpose of widespread polyploidization in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buddell
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexandra L Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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12
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Wang X, Wu H, Tang L, Fu W, He Y, Zeng C, Wang WE. The novel antibody fusion protein rhNRG1-HER3i promotes heart regeneration by enhancing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:26-37. [PMID: 38150867 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). The NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the therapeutic potential of recombinant human NRG1 (rhNRG1) has been limited due to the low expression of ERBB4 in adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether a fusion protein of rhNRG1 and an ERBB3 inhibitor (rhNRG1-HER3i) could enhance the affinity of NRG1 for ERBB4 and promote adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, and adult cardiomyocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression and activity of ERBB4. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was evaluated using Ki67 and pH 3 immunostaining, while fibrosis was assessed using Masson staining. Our results indicate that rhNRG1-HER3i, but not rhNRG1, promoted P7 and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, rhNRG1-HER3i improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis in post-MI hearts. Administration of rhNRG1-HER3i inhibited ERBB3 phosphorylation while increasing ERBB4 phosphorylation in adult mouse hearts. Additionally, rhNRG1-HER3i enhanced angiogenesis following MI compared to rhNRG1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rhNRG1-HER3i is a viable therapeutic approach for promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and treating MI by enhancing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Luxun Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Wenbin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yanji He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China; Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400722, China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China.
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13
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Heusch G. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion: Translational pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. MED 2024; 5:10-31. [PMID: 38218174 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the greatest health burden and most frequent cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion is the pathophysiological substrate of ischemic heart disease. Improvements in prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease have reduced mortality in developed countries over the last decades, but further progress is now stagnant, and morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease in developing countries are increasing. Significant problems remain to be resolved and require a better pathophysiological understanding. The present review attempts to briefly summarize the state of the art in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion research, with a view on both its coronary vascular and myocardial aspects, and to define the cutting edges where further mechanistic knowledge is needed to facilitate translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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14
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Huang H, Huang GN, Payumo AY. Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1629. [PMID: 37700522 PMCID: PMC10840678 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre-existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Guo N. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Payumo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
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16
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Cui M, Bezprozvannaya S, Hao T, Elnwasany A, Szweda LI, Liu N, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Transcription factor NFYa controls cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during mouse fetal heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2867-2880.e7. [PMID: 37972593 PMCID: PMC11000264 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force in the heart. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells actively divide but lose their proliferative activity in adulthood. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the role of the transcription factor NFYa in developing mouse hearts. Loss of NFYa alters cardiomyocyte composition, causing a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as identified by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, leading to cardiac growth defects and embryonic death. NFYa, interacting with cofactor SP2, activates genes linking metabolism and proliferation at the transcription level. Our study identifies a nodal role of NFYa in regulating prenatal cardiac growth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of heart metabolism, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during heart development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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17
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Iida R, Ueki M, Yasuda T. Knockout of M-LP/Mpv17L, a newly identified atypical PDE, induces physiological afferent cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:575-582. [PMID: 37851308 PMCID: PMC10713670 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
M-LP/Mpv17L (Mpv17-like protein) is an atypical cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) without the molecular structure characteristic of the PDE family. Deficiency of M-LP/Mpv17L in mice has been found to result in development of β-cell hyperplasia and improved glucose tolerance. Here, we report another phenotype observed in M-LP/Mpv17L-knockout (KO) mice: afferent cardiac hypertrophy. Although the hearts of M-LP/Mpv17L-KO mice did not differ in size from those of wild-type mice, there was marked narrowing of the left ventricular lumen and thickening of the ventricular wall. The diameter and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes in 8-month-old M-LP/Mpv17L-KO mice were increased 1.16-fold and 1.35-fold, respectively, relative to control mice, but showed no obvious abnormalities of cell structure, fibrosis or impaired cardiac function. In 80-day-old KO mice, the expression of hypertrophic marker genes, brain natriuretic peptide (BNF), actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) and actin alpha 1 skeletal muscle (ACTA1), as well as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) and transcription factor 7 (TCF7), was significantly up-regulated relative to control mice, whereas fibrosis-related genes such as fibronectin 1 (FN1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were down-regulated. Western blot analysis revealed increased phosphorylation of molecules downstream of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, such as β-catenin, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), phospholamban (PLN) and troponin I (cTnI), as well as members of the MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which is strongly involved in afferent cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, these findings indicate that M-LP/Mpv17L is one of the PDEs actively functioning in the heart and that deficiency of M-LP/Mpv17L in mice promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Iida
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Ueki
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yasuda
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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18
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Chatterjee E, Lehmann HI, Li G, Xiao J. Keeping the Heart Healthy: The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1088-1107. [PMID: 37132606 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heart failure is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes. Although the adult mammalian hearts have limited regenerative capacity, the rate of regeneration is extremely low and decreases with age. Exercise is an effective means to improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of how exercise acts on cardiomyocytes are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of exercise in cardiomyocytes and cardiac regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent advances have shown that the effects of exercise on cardiomyocytes are critical for cardiac repair and regeneration. Exercise can induce cardiomyocyte growth by increasing the size and number. It can induce physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we have discussed the molecular mechanisms and recent studies of exercise-induced cardiac regeneration, with a focus on its effects on cardiomyocytes. Critical Issues: There is no effective way to promote cardiac regeneration. Moderate exercise can keep the heart healthy by encouraging adult cardiomyocytes to survive and regenerate. Therefore, exercise could be a promising tool for stimulating the regenerative capability of the heart and keeping the heart healthy. Future Directions: Although exercise is an important measure to promote cardiomyocyte growth and subsequent cardiac regeneration, more studies are needed on how to do beneficial exercise and what factors are involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Thus, it is important to clarify the mechanisms, pathways, and other critical factors involved in the exercise-mediated cardiac repair and regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1088-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ma ZY, Li J, Dong XH, Cui YT, Cui YF, Ban T, Huo R. The role of BRG1 in epigenetic regulation of cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176039. [PMID: 37678658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been closely linked to abnormal epigenetic regulation. In the context of epigenetic regulation, BRG1, a pivotal SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme, emerges as a key epigenetic regulator with significant impact on the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders. From the perspective of epigenetic regulation of cardiovascular diseases, BRG1 emerges as a pivotal SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme, functioning as a key epigenetic regulator. It exerts substantial influence on the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders by exerting precise control over gene expression and protein levels. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of BRG1's epigenetic regulatory role in cardiovascular disease is essential for unraveling its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This paper summarizes and discusses the function of BRG1 in the epigenetic regulation of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Ying-Tao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Drug Research and Development of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Frigid Zone, The National Development and Reform Commission, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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20
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Li Y, Johnson JP, Yang Y, Yu D, Kubo H, Berretta RM, Wang T, Zhang X, Foster M, Yu J, Tilley DG, Houser SR, Chen X. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac disease responses of the progeny. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H702-H719. [PMID: 37539452 PMCID: PMC10659327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00320.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism (MH) could adversely affect the cardiac disease responses of the progeny. This study tested the hypothesis that MH reduces early postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation so that the adult heart of MH progeny has a smaller number of larger cardiac myocytes, which imparts adverse cardiac disease responses following injury. Thyroidectomy (TX) was used to establish MH. The progeny from mice that underwent sham or TX surgery were termed Ctrl (control) or MH (maternal hypothyroidism) progeny, respectively. MH progeny had similar heart weight (HW) to body weight (BW) ratios and larger CM size consistent with fewer CMs at postnatal day 60 (P60) compared with Ctrl (control) progeny. MH progeny had lower numbers of EdU+, Ki67+, and phosphorylated histone H3 (PH3)+ CMs, which suggests they had a decreased CM proliferation in the postnatal timeframe. RNA-seq data showed that genes related to DNA replication were downregulated in P5 MH hearts, including bone morphogenetic protein 10 (Bmp10). Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed Bmp10 treatment increased CM proliferation. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), the MH progeny had more severe cardiac pathological remodeling compared with the Ctrl progeny. Thyroid hormone (T4) treatment for MH mothers preserved their progeny's postnatal CM proliferation capacity and prevented excessive pathological remodeling after TAC. Our results suggest that CM proliferation during early postnatal development was significantly reduced in MH progeny, resulting in fewer CMs with hypertrophy in adulthood. These changes were associated with more severe cardiac disease responses after pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that compared with Ctrl (control) progeny, the adult progeny of mothers who have MH (MH progeny) had fewer CMs. This reduction of CM numbers was associated with decreased postnatal CM proliferation. Gene expression studies showed a reduced expression of Bmp10 in MH progeny. Bmp10 has been linked to myocyte proliferation. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that Bmp10 treatment of MH progeny and their myocytes could increase CM proliferation. Differences in CM number and size in adult hearts of MH progeny were linked to more severe cardiac structural and functional remodeling after pressure overload. T4 (synthetic thyroxine) treatment of MH mothers during their pregnancy, prevented the reduction in CM number in their progeny and the adverse response to disease stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaslyn P Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Foster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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21
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Derks W, Rode J, Collin S, Rost F, Heinke P, Hariharan A, Pickel L, Simonova I, Lázár E, Graham E, Jashari R, Andrä M, Jeppsson A, Salehpour M, Alkass K, Druid H, Kyriakopoulos CP, Taleb I, Shankar TS, Selzman CH, Sadek H, Jovinge S, Brusch L, Frisén J, Drakos S, Bergmann O. A latent cardiomyocyte regeneration potential in human heart disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557681. [PMID: 37745322 PMCID: PMC10515906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes in the adult human heart show a regenerative capacity, with an annual renewal rate around 0.5%. Whether this regenerative capacity of human cardiomyocytes is employed in heart failure has been controversial. Using retrospective 14C birth dating we analyzed cardiomyocyte renewal in patients with end-stage heart failure. We show that cardiomyocyte generation is minimal in end-stage heart failure patients at rates 18-50 times lower compared to the healthy heart. However, patients receiving left ventricle support device therapy, who showed significant functional and structural cardiac improvement, had a >6-fold increase in cardiomyocyte renewal relative to the healthy heart. Our findings reveal a substantial cardiomyocyte regeneration potential in human heart disease, which could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Derks
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Rode
- Center of Information Services and High-Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Collin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Rost
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center of Information Services and High-Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula Heinke
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anjana Hariharan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irina Simonova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enikő Lázár
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evan Graham
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michaela Andrä
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt and Section for Surgical Research Medical University Graz, 9020 Graz, Austria
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mehran Salehpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Nuclear Physics, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kanar Alkass
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm and National Board of Forensic Medicine, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Druid
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm and National Board of Forensic Medicine, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos P. Kyriakopoulos
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah Health & School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah Health & School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah Health & School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- Spectrum Health Frederik Meijer Heart & Vascular Institute and Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Center of Information Services and High-Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stavros Drakos
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah Health & School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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22
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Soonpaa MH, Reuter SP, Castelluccio PF, Field LJ. Musings on intrinsic cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and myocardial regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:86-91. [PMID: 37517369 PMCID: PMC10530305 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the myocardial renewal rate in the adult mammalian heart is quite low, recent studies have identified genetic variants which can impact the degree of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Here we use the compound interest law to model the level of regenerative growth over time in mice exhibiting different rates of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry following myocardial injury. The modeling suggests that the limited ability of S-phase adult cardiomyocytes to progress through cytokinesis, rather than the ability to reenter the cell cycle per se, is a major contributor to the low levels of intrinsic regenerative growth in the adult myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Soonpaa
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sean P Reuter
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter F Castelluccio
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
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23
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Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved chamber-specific polyploidy maintains heart function in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201896. [PMID: 37526609 PMCID: PMC10482010 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, in both Drosophila larvae and human organ donors, we reveal distinct polyploidy levels in cardiac organ chambers. In Drosophila, differential growth and cell cycle signal sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume and cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic human cardiomyopathies. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest that precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nora G. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juliet S. King
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Aatish Thennavan
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Kevin C. Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Donald T. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Galow AM, Brenmoehl J, Hoeflich A. Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37541969 PMCID: PMC10403476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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25
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Zhuo D, Lei I, Li W, Liu L, Li L, Ni J, Liu Z, Fan G. The origin, progress, and application of cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1732-1755. [PMID: 37334836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a severe threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality increasing yearly and gradually becoming younger. When the disease progresses to the middle and late stages, the loss of a large number of cardiomyocytes is irreparable to the body itself, and clinical drug therapy and mechanical support therapy cannot reverse the development of the disease. To explore the source of regenerated myocardium in model animals with the ability of heart regeneration through lineage tracing and other methods, and develop a new alternative therapy for CVDs, namely cell therapy. It directly compensates for cardiomyocyte proliferation through adult stem cell differentiation or cell reprogramming, which indirectly promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation through non-cardiomyocyte paracrine, to play a role in heart repair and regeneration. This review comprehensively summarizes the origin of newly generated cardiomyocytes, the research progress of cardiac regeneration based on cell therapy, the opportunity and development of cardiac regeneration in the context of bioengineering, and the clinical application of cell therapy in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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26
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Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Elia A, Mohsin S, Khan M. Cardiomyocyte Ploidy, Metabolic Reprogramming and Heart Repair. Cells 2023; 12:1571. [PMID: 37371041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is made up of cardiomyocytes (CMs) that maintain pump function but are unable to divide and form new myocytes in response to myocardial injury. In contrast, the developmental cardiac tissue is made up of proliferative CMs that regenerate injured myocardium. In mammals, CMs during development are diploid and mononucleated. In response to cardiac maturation, CMs undergo polyploidization and binucleation associated with CM functional changes. The transition from mononucleation to binucleation coincides with unique metabolic changes and shift in energy generation. Recent studies provide evidence that metabolic reprogramming promotes CM cell cycle reentry and changes in ploidy and nucleation state in the heart that together enhances cardiac structure and function after injury. This review summarizes current literature regarding changes in CM ploidy and nucleation during development, maturation and in response to cardiac injury. Importantly, how metabolism affects CM fate transition between mononucleation and binucleation and its impact on cell cycle progression, proliferation and ability to regenerate the heart will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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29
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Jia X, Lin W, Wang W. Regulation of chromatin organization during animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:19. [PMID: 37259007 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of regeneration upon tissue damages requires the activation of many developmental genes responsible for cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and tissue patterning. Ample evidence revealed that the regulation of chromatin organization functions as a crucial mechanism for establishing and maintaining cellular identity through precise control of gene transcription. The alteration of chromatin organization can lead to changes in chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer-promoter interactions. Like embryogenesis, each stage of tissue regeneration is accompanied by dynamic changes of chromatin organization in regeneration-responsive cells. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to investigate the contribution of chromatin organization during regeneration in various tissues, organs, and organisms. A collection of chromatin regulators were demonstrated to play critical roles in regeneration. In this review, we will summarize the progress in the understanding of chromatin organization during regeneration in different research organisms and discuss potential common mechanisms responsible for the activation of regeneration response program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jia
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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30
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Ostadal B, Kolar F, Ostadalova I, Sedmera D, Olejnickova V, Hlavackova M, Alanova P. Developmental Aspects of Cardiac Adaptation to Increased Workload. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050205. [PMID: 37233172 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is capable of extensive adaptive growth in response to the demands of the body. When the heart is confronted with an increased workload over a prolonged period, it tends to cope with the situation by increasing its muscle mass. The adaptive growth response of the cardiac muscle changes significantly during phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Cold-blooded animals maintain the ability for cardiomyocyte proliferation even in adults. On the other hand, the extent of proliferation during ontogenetic development in warm-blooded species shows significant temporal limitations: whereas fetal and neonatal cardiac myocytes express proliferative potential (hyperplasia), after birth proliferation declines and the heart grows almost exclusively by hypertrophy. It is, therefore, understandable that the regulation of the cardiac growth response to the increased workload also differs significantly during development. The pressure overload (aortic constriction) induced in animals before the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth leads to a specific type of left ventricular hypertrophy which, in contrast with the same stimulus applied in adulthood, is characterized by hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, capillary angiogenesis and biogenesis of collagenous structures, proportional to the growth of myocytes. These studies suggest that timing may be of crucial importance in neonatal cardiac interventions in humans: early definitive repairs of selected congenital heart disease may be more beneficial for the long-term results of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuslav Ostadal
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ostadalova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejnickova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alanova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Gladka MM, Johansen AKZ, van Kampen SJ, Peters MMC, Molenaar B, Versteeg D, Kooijman L, Zentilin L, Giacca M, van Rooij E. Thymosin β4 and prothymosin α promote cardiac regeneration post-ischaemic injury in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:802-812. [PMID: 36125329 PMCID: PMC10153422 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The adult mammalian heart is a post-mitotic organ. Even in response to necrotic injuries, where regeneration would be essential to reinstate cardiac structure and function, only a minor percentage of cardiomyocytes undergo cytokinesis. The gene programme that promotes cell division within this population of cardiomyocytes is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the gene expression profile of proliferating adult cardiomyocytes in the mammalian heart after myocardial ischaemia, to identify factors to can promote cardiac regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate increased 5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine incorporation in cardiomyocytes 3 days post-myocardial infarction in mice. By applying multi-colour lineage tracing, we show that this is paralleled by clonal expansion of cardiomyocytes in the borderzone of the infarcted tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from cardiomyocytes at 3 days post ischaemic injury revealed a distinct transcriptional profile in cardiomyocytes expressing cell cycle markers. Combinatorial overexpression of the enriched genes within this population in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and mice at postnatal day 12 (P12) unveiled key genes that promoted increased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Therapeutic delivery of these gene cocktails into the myocardial wall after ischaemic injury demonstrated that a combination of thymosin beta 4 (TMSB4) and prothymosin alpha (PTMA) provide a permissive environment for cardiomyocyte proliferation and thereby attenuated cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSION This study reveals the transcriptional profile of proliferating cardiomyocytes in the ischaemic heart and shows that overexpression of the two identified factors, TMSB4 and PTMA, can promote cardiac regeneration. This work indicates that in addition to activating cardiomyocyte proliferation, a supportive environment is a key for regeneration to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Katrine Z Johansen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J van Kampen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn M C Peters
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- AAV Vector Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Watanabe H, Tao G, Gan P, Westbury BC, Cox KD, Tjen K, Song R, Fishman GI, Makita T, Sucov HM. Purkinje Cardiomyocytes of the Adult Ventricular Conduction System Are Highly Diploid but Not Uniquely Regenerative. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040161. [PMID: 37103040 PMCID: PMC10140853 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hearts are characterized by inefficient regeneration after injury, thus, the features that support or prevent cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are important to clarify. Diploid CMs are a candidate cell type that may have unique proliferative and regenerative competence, but no molecular markers are yet known that selectively identify all or subpopulations of diploid CMs. Here, using the conduction system expression marker Cntn2-GFP and the conduction system lineage marker Etv1CreERT2, we demonstrate that Purkinje CMs that comprise the adult ventricular conduction system are disproportionately diploid (33%, vs. 4% of bulk ventricular CMs). These, however, represent only a small proportion (3%) of the total diploid CM population. Using EdU incorporation during the first postnatal week, we demonstrate that bulk diploid CMs found in the later heart enter and complete the cell cycle during the neonatal period. In contrast, a significant fraction of conduction CMs persist as diploid cells from fetal life and avoid neonatal cell cycle activity. Despite their high degree of diploidy, the Purkinje lineage had no enhanced competence to support regeneration after adult heart infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baylee C Westbury
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristie D Cox
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruolan Song
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takako Makita
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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33
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Secco I, Giacca M. Regulation of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation: The known unknowns. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:80-89. [PMID: 37030487 PMCID: PMC10390341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial regeneration in patients with cardiac damage is a long-sought goal of clinical medicine. In animal species in which regeneration occurs spontaneously, as well as in neonatal mammals, regeneration occurs through the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, which re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Hence, the reprogramming of the replicative potential of cardiomyocytes is an achievable goal, provided that the mechanisms that regulate this process are understood. Cardiomyocyte proliferation is under the control of a series of signal transduction pathways that connect extracellular cues to the activation of specific gene transcriptional programmes, eventually leading to the activation of the cell cycle. Both coding and non-coding RNAs (in particular, microRNAs) are involved in this regulation. The available information can be exploited for therapeutic purposes, provided that a series of conceptual and technical barriers are overcome. A major obstacle remains the delivery of pro-regenerative factors specifically to the heart. Improvements in the design of AAV vectors to enhance their cardiotropism and efficacy or, alternatively, the development of non-viral methods for nucleic acid delivery in cardiomyocytes are among the challenges ahead to progress cardiac regenerative therapies towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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34
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Mehdipour M, Park S, Huang GN. Unlocking cardiomyocyte renewal potential for myocardial regeneration therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:9-20. [PMID: 36801396 PMCID: PMC10699255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiomyocytes are irreversibly lost due to cardiac ischemia secondary to disease. This leads to increased cardiac fibrosis, poor contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, and subsequent life-threatening heart failure. Adult mammalian hearts exhibit notoriously low regenerative potential, further compounding the calamities described above. Neonatal mammalian hearts, on the other hand, display robust regenerative capacities. Lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and salamanders retain the ability to replenish lost cardiomyocytes throughout life. It is critical to understand the varying mechanisms that are responsible for these differences in cardiac regeneration across phylogeny and ontogeny. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and polyploidization have been proposed as major barriers to heart regeneration. Here we review current models about why adult mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is lost including changes in environmental oxygen levels, acquisition of endothermy, complex immune system development, and possible cancer risk tradeoffs. We also discuss recent progress and highlight conflicting reports pertaining to extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte proliferation and polyploidization in growth and regeneration. Uncovering the physiological brakes of cardiac regeneration could illuminate novel molecular targets and offer promising therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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35
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Swift SK, Purdy AL, Kolell ME, Andresen KG, Lahue C, Buddell T, Akins KA, Rau CD, O'Meara CC, Patterson M. Cardiomyocyte ploidy is dynamic during postnatal development and varies across genetic backgrounds. Development 2023; 150:dev201318. [PMID: 36912240 PMCID: PMC10113957 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Somatic polyploidization, an adaptation by which cells increase their DNA content to support growth, is observed in many cell types, including cardiomyocytes. Although polyploidization is believed to be beneficial, progression to a polyploid state is often accompanied by loss of proliferative capacity. Recent work suggests that genetics heavily influence cardiomyocyte ploidy. However, the developmental course by which cardiomyocytes reach their final ploidy state has only been investigated in select backgrounds. Here, we assessed cardiomyocyte number, cell cycle activity, and ploidy dynamics across two divergent mouse strains: C57BL/6J and A/J. Both strains are born and reach adulthood with comparable numbers of cardiomyocytes; however, the end composition of ploidy classes and developmental progression to reach the final state differ substantially. We expand on previous findings that identified Tnni3k as a mediator of cardiomyocyte ploidy and uncover a role for Runx1 in ploidy dynamics and cardiomyocyte cell division, in both developmental and injury contexts. These data provide novel insights into the developmental path to cardiomyocyte polyploidization and challenge the paradigm that hypertrophy is the sole mechanism for growth in the postnatal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Swift
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Purdy
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mary E. Kolell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kaitlyn G. Andresen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Caitlin Lahue
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tyler Buddell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kaelin A. Akins
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christoph D. Rau
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caitlin C. O'Meara
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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36
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Xu G, Fatima A, Breitbach M, Kuzmenkin A, Fügemann CJ, Ivanyuk D, Kim KP, Cantz T, Pfannkuche K, Schoeler HR, Fleischmann BK, Hescheler J, Šarić T. Electrophysiological Properties of Tetraploid Cardiomyocytes Derived from Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated by Fusion of Adult Somatic Cells with Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076546. [PMID: 37047520 PMCID: PMC10095437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cardiomyocytes (CMs) in the adult mammalian heart are either binucleated or contain a single polyploid nucleus. Recent studies have shown that polyploidy in CMs plays an important role as an adaptive response to physiological demands and environmental stress and correlates with poor cardiac regenerative ability after injury. However, knowledge about the functional properties of polyploid CMs is limited. In this study, we generated tetraploid pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by fusion of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and somatic cells isolated from bone marrow or spleen and performed a comparative analysis of the electrophysiological properties of tetraploid fusion-derived PSCs and diploid ESC-derived CMs. Fusion-derived PSCs exhibited characteristics of genuine ESCs and contained a near-tetraploid genome. Ploidy features and marker expression were also retained during the differentiation of fusion-derived cells. Fusion-derived PSCs gave rise to CMs, which were similar to their diploid ESC counterparts in terms of their expression of typical cardiospecific markers, sarcomeric organization, action potential parameters, response to pharmacologic stimulation with various drugs, and expression of functional ion channels. These results suggest that the state of ploidy does not significantly affect the structural and electrophysiological properties of murine PSC-derived CMs. These results extend our knowledge of the functional properties of polyploid CMs and contribute to a better understanding of their biological role in the adult heart.
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37
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Zheng Y, VanDusen NJ. Massively Parallel Reporter Assays for High-Throughput In Vivo Analysis of Cis-Regulatory Elements. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040144. [PMID: 37103023 PMCID: PMC10146671 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid improvement of descriptive genomic technologies has fueled a dramatic increase in hypothesized connections between cardiovascular gene expression and phenotypes. However, in vivo testing of these hypotheses has predominantly been relegated to slow, expensive, and linear generation of genetically modified mice. In the study of genomic cis-regulatory elements, generation of mice featuring transgenic reporters or cis-regulatory element knockout remains the standard approach. While the data obtained is of high quality, the approach is insufficient to keep pace with candidate identification and therefore results in biases introduced during the selection of candidates for validation. However, recent advances across a range of disciplines are converging to enable functional genomic assays that can be conducted in a high-throughput manner. Here, we review one such method, massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs), in which the activities of thousands of candidate genomic regulatory elements are simultaneously assessed via the next-generation sequencing of a barcoded reporter transcript. We discuss best practices for MPRA design and use, with a focus on practical considerations, and review how this emerging technology has been successfully deployed in vivo. Finally, we discuss how MPRAs are likely to evolve and be used in future cardiovascular research.
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Bailey LRJ, Bugg D, Reichardt IM, Ortaç CD, Gunaje J, Johnson R, MacCoss MJ, Sakamoto T, Kelly DP, Regnier M, Davis JM. MBNL1 regulates programmed postnatal switching between regenerative and differentiated cardiac states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532974. [PMID: 36993225 PMCID: PMC10055038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovering determinants of cardiomyocyte maturity and the maintenance of differentiated states is critical to both understanding development and potentially reawakening endogenous regenerative programs in adult mammalian hearts as a therapeutic strategy. Here, the RNA binding protein Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) was identified as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte differentiated states and their regenerative potential through transcriptome-wide control of RNA stability. Targeted MBNL1 overexpression early in development prematurely transitioned cardiomyocytes to hypertrophic growth, hypoplasia, and dysfunction, whereas loss of MBNL1 function increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and proliferation through altered cell cycle inhibitor transcript stability. Moreover, MBNL1-dependent stabilization of the estrogen-related receptor signaling axis was essential for maintaining cardiomyocyte maturity. In accordance with these data, modulating MBNL1 dose tuned the temporal window of cardiac regeneration, where enhanced MBNL1 activity arrested myocyte proliferation, and MBNL1 deletion promoted regenerative states with prolonged myocyte proliferation. Collectively these data suggest MBNL1 acts as a transcriptome-wide switch between regenerative and mature myocyte states postnatally and throughout adulthood.
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39
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Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved Chamber-Specific Polyploidy Maintains Heart Function in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528086. [PMID: 36798187 PMCID: PMC9934670 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome-duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, we reveal roles for precise polyploidy levels in cardiac tissue. We highlight a conserved asymmetry in polyploidy level between cardiac chambers in Drosophila larvae and humans. In Drosophila , differential Insulin Receptor (InR) sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume, cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic systemic human heart failure. Using human donor hearts, we reveal asymmetry in nuclear volume (ploidy) and insulin signaling between the left ventricle and atrium. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
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40
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Drakos SG, Badolia R, Makaju A, Kyriakopoulos CP, Wever-Pinzon O, Tracy CM, Bakhtina A, Bia R, Parnell T, Taleb I, Ramadurai DKA, Navankasattusas S, Dranow E, Hanff TC, Tseliou E, Shankar TS, Visker J, Hamouche R, Stauder EL, Caine WT, Alharethi R, Selzman CH, Franklin S. Distinct Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profile Specifies Patients Who Have Heart Failure With Potential of Myocardial Recovery on Mechanical Unloading and Circulatory Support. Circulation 2023; 147:409-424. [PMID: 36448446 PMCID: PMC10062458 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive evidence from single-center studies indicates that a subset of patients with chronic advanced heart failure (HF) undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support show significantly improved heart function and reverse structural remodeling (ie, termed "responders"). Furthermore, we recently published a multicenter prospective study, RESTAGE-HF (Remission from Stage D Heart Failure), demonstrating that LVAD support combined with standard HF medications induced remarkable cardiac structural and functional improvement, leading to high rates of LVAD weaning and excellent long-term outcomes. This intriguing phenomenon provides great translational and clinical promise, although the underlying molecular mechanisms driving this recovery are largely unknown. METHODS To identify changes in signaling pathways operative in the normal and failing human heart and to molecularly characterize patients who respond favorably to LVAD unloading, we performed global RNA sequencing and phosphopeptide profiling of left ventricular tissue from 93 patients with HF undergoing LVAD implantation (25 responders and 68 nonresponders) and 12 nonfailing donor hearts. Patients were prospectively monitored through echocardiography to characterize their myocardial structure and function and identify responders and nonresponders. RESULTS These analyses identified 1341 transcripts and 288 phosphopeptides that are differentially regulated in cardiac tissue from nonfailing control samples and patients with HF. In addition, these unbiased molecular profiles identified a unique signature of 29 transcripts and 93 phosphopeptides in patients with HF that distinguished responders after LVAD unloading. Further analyses of these macromolecules highlighted differential regulation in 2 key pathways: cell cycle regulation and extracellular matrix/focal adhesions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to characterize changes in the nonfailing and failing human heart by integrating multiple -omics platforms to identify molecular indices defining patients capable of myocardial recovery. These findings may guide patient selection for advanced HF therapies and identify new HF therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Aman Makaju
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Christos P. Kyriakopoulos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Omar Wever-Pinzon
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Christopher M. Tracy
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Anna Bakhtina
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Timothy Parnell
- Bioinformatics Core, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Dinesh K. A. Ramadurai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dranow
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Thomas C. Hanff
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Joseph Visker
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Rana Hamouche
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Stauder
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William T. Caine
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Rami Alharethi
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (U.T.A.H.) Cardiac Transplant Program (University of Utah, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA Medical Center), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Zhang J, Ouyang Z, Xia L, Wang Q, Zheng F, Xu K, Xing Y, Wei K, Shi S, Li C, Yang J. Dynamic chromatin landscape encodes programs for perinatal transition of cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 36653336 PMCID: PMC9849264 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period occurring immediately before and after birth is critical for cardiomyocytes because they must change rapidly to accommodate the switch from fetal to neonatal circulation after birth. This transition is a well-orchestrated process, and any perturbation leads to unhealthy cardiomyocytes and heart disease. Despite its importance, little is known about how this transition is regulated and controlled. Here, by mapping the genome-wide chromatin accessibility, transcription-centered long-range chromatin interactions and gene expression in cardiomyocytes undergoing perinatal transition, we discovered two key transcription factors, MEF2 and AP1, that are crucial for driving the phenotypic changes within the perinatal window. Thousands of dynamic regulatory elements were found in perinatal cardiomyocytes and we show these elements mediated the transcriptional reprogramming through an elegant chromatin high-order architecture. We recompiled transcriptional program of induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes according to our discovered network, and they showed adult cardiomyocyte-like electrophysiological expression. Our work provides a comprehensive regulatory resource of cardiomyocytes perinatal reprogramming, and aids the gap-filling of cardiac translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Zhaohui Ouyang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Xia
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qi Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Feng Zheng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Kun Xu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuexian Xing
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ke Wei
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Shaolin Shi
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Chaojun Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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Reuter SP, Soonpaa MH, Field D, Simpson E, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Lee HK, Sridhar A, Ware SM, Green N, Li X, Ofner S, Marchuk DA, Wollert KC, Field LJ. Cardiac Troponin I-Interacting Kinase Affects Cardiomyocyte S-Phase Activity but Not Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. Circulation 2023; 147:142-153. [PMID: 36382596 PMCID: PMC9839600 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genetic variants that affect the level of cell cycle reentry and establishing the degree of cell cycle progression in those variants could help guide development of therapeutic interventions aimed at effecting cardiac regeneration. We observed that C57Bl6/NCR (B6N) mice have a marked increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after permanent coronary artery ligation compared with infarcted DBA/2J (D2J) mice. METHODS Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity after infarction was monitored in D2J, (D2J×B6N)-F1, and (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice by means of bromodeoxyuridine or 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation using a nuclear-localized transgenic reporter to identify cardiomyocyte nuclei. Genome-wide quantitative trait locus analysis, fine scale genetic mapping, whole exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing analyses of the backcross mice were performed to identify the gene responsible for the elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase phenotype. RESULTS (D2J×B6N)-F1 mice exhibited a 14-fold increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in ventricular regions remote from infarct scar compared with D2J mice (0.798±0.09% versus 0.056±0.004%; P<0.001). Quantitative trait locus analysis of (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice revealed that the gene responsible for differential S-phase activity was located on the distal arm of chromosome 3 (logarithm of the odds score=6.38; P<0.001). Additional genetic and molecular analyses identified 3 potential candidates. Of these, Tnni3k (troponin I-interacting kinase) is expressed in B6N hearts but not in D2J hearts. Transgenic expression of TNNI3K in a D2J genetic background results in elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury. Cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in both Tnni3k-expressing and Tnni3k-nonexpressing mice results in the formation of polyploid nuclei. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that Tnni3k expression increases the level of cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Reuter
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Dorothy Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Ed Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Han Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Arthi Sridhar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Nick Green
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Susan Ofner
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Kai C. Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Loren J. Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
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43
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Sorbini M, Arab S, Soni T, Frisiras A, Mehta S. How can the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice teach us about stimulating cardiac regeneration in the human heart? Regen Med 2023; 18:85-99. [PMID: 36416596 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity of mammalian cardiomyocytes diminishes shortly after birth. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissues, highlighting new potential therapeutic avenues. Different factors have been found to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and neonatal mice; these include maintenance of mononuclear and diploid cardiomyocytes and upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. The growth factor NRG-1 controls cell proliferation and interacts with the Hippo-Yap pathway to modulate regeneration. Key components of the extracellular matrix such as Agrin are also crucial for cardiac regeneration. Novel therapies explored in this review, include intramyocardial injection of Agrin or zebrafish-ECM and NRG-1 administration. These therapies may induce regeneration in patients and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sorbini
- Barts and the London School of Medicien and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.,Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sammy Arab
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Tara Soni
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | | | - Samay Mehta
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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44
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De Chiara L, Conte C, Semeraro R, Diaz-Bulnes P, Angelotti ML, Mazzinghi B, Molli A, Antonelli G, Landini S, Melica ME, Peired AJ, Maggi L, Donati M, La Regina G, Allinovi M, Ravaglia F, Guasti D, Bani D, Cirillo L, Becherucci F, Guzzi F, Magi A, Annunziato F, Lasagni L, Anders HJ, Lazzeri E, Romagnani P. Tubular cell polyploidy protects from lethal acute kidney injury but promotes consequent chronic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5805. [PMID: 36195583 PMCID: PMC9532438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent, often fatal and, for lack of specific therapies, can leave survivors with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We characterize the distribution of tubular cells (TC) undergoing polyploidy along AKI by DNA content analysis and single cell RNA-sequencing. Furthermore, we study the functional roles of polyploidization using transgenic models and drug interventions. We identify YAP1-driven TC polyploidization outside the site of injury as a rapid way to sustain residual kidney function early during AKI. This survival mechanism comes at the cost of senescence of polyploid TC promoting interstitial fibrosis and CKD in AKI survivors. However, targeting TC polyploidization after the early AKI phase can prevent AKI-CKD transition without influencing AKI lethality. Senolytic treatment prevents CKD by blocking repeated TC polyploidization cycles. These results revise the current pathophysiological concept of how the kidney responds to acute injury and identify a novel druggable target to improve prognosis in AKI survivors. Acute kidney injury is frequent, often fatal and can leave survivors with chronic kidney disease. Here the authors show that tubular cell polyploidy reduces early fatality sustaining residual function but promotes chronic kidney disease, which can be prevented by blocking YAP1
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia De Chiara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Carolina Conte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Paula Diaz-Bulnes
- Translational immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Maria Lucia Angelotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzinghi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alice Molli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Giulia Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Samuela Landini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Marta Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Gilda La Regina
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Ravaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, 59100, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Becherucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Francesco Guzzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, 59100, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.,Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy (CDCI), Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, LMU Hospital, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy. .,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy.
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45
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Halmetoja E, Nagy I, Szabo Z, Alakoski T, Yrjölä R, Vainio L, Viitavaara E, Lin R, Rahtu-Korpela L, Vainio S, Kerkelä R, Magga J. Wnt11 in regulation of physiological and pathological cardiac growth. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22544. [PMID: 36098469 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101856rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt11 regulates early cardiac development and left ventricular compaction in the heart, but it is not known how Wnt11 regulates postnatal cardiac maturation and response to cardiac stress in the adult heart. We studied cell proliferation/maturation in postnatal and adolescent Wnt11 deficient (Wnt11-/-) heart and subjected adult mice with partial (Wnt11+/-) and complete Wnt11 (Wnt11-/-) deficiency to cardiac pressure overload. In addition, we subjected primary cardiomyocytes to recombinant Wnt proteins to study their effect on cardiomyocyte growth. Wnt11 deficiency did not affect cardiomyocyte proliferation or maturation in the postnatal or adolescent heart. However, Wnt11 deficiency led to enlarged heart phenotype that was not accompanied by significant hypertrophy of individual cardiomyocytes. Analysis of stressed adult hearts from wild-type mice showed a progressive decrease in Wnt11 expression in response to pressure overload. When studied in experimental cardiac pressure overload, Wnt11 deficiency did not exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling and cardiac function remained identical between the genotypes. When subjecting cardiomyocytes to hypertrophic stimulus, the presence of recombinant Wnt11 together with Wnt5a reduced protein synthesis. In conclusion, Wnt11 deficiency does not affect postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation but leads to cardiac growth. Interestingly, Wnt11 deficiency alone does not substantially modulate hypertrophic response to pressure overload in vivo. Wnt11 may require cooperation with other noncanonical Wnt proteins to regulate hypertrophic response under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Nagy
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa Yrjölä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ruizhu Lin
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Cell Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Kvantum Institute, Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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46
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DeBenedittis P, Karpurapu A, Henry A, Thomas MC, McCord TJ, Brezitski K, Prasad A, Baker CE, Kobayashi Y, Shah SH, Kontos CD, Tata PR, Lumbers RT, Karra R. Coupled myovascular expansion directs cardiac growth and regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev200654. [PMID: 36134690 PMCID: PMC10692274 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart regeneration requires multiple cell types to enable cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. How these cells interact to create growth niches is unclear. Here, we profile proliferation kinetics of cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) and CMs in the neonatal mouse heart and find that they are spatiotemporally coupled. We show that coupled myovascular expansion during cardiac growth or regeneration is dependent upon VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling, as genetic deletion of Vegfr2 from CECs or inhibition of VEGFA abrogates both CEC and CM proliferation. Repair of cryoinjury displays poor spatial coupling of CEC and CM proliferation. Boosting CEC density after cryoinjury with virus encoding Vegfa enhances regeneration. Using Mendelian randomization, we demonstrate that circulating VEGFA levels are positively linked with human myocardial mass, suggesting that Vegfa can stimulate human cardiac growth. Our work demonstrates the importance of coupled CEC and CM expansion and reveals a myovascular niche that may be therapeutically targeted for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige DeBenedittis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anish Karpurapu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Albert Henry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael C. Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J. McCord
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kyla Brezitski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caroline E. Baker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kontos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R. Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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47
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Ludke A, Hatta K, Yao A, Li RK. Uterus: A Unique Stem Cell Reservoir Able to Support Cardiac Repair via Crosstalk among Uterus, Heart, and Bone Marrow. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142182. [PMID: 35883625 PMCID: PMC9324611 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the prevalence of cardiac disease is lower in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women and men. Although multiple factors contribute to this difference, uterine stem cells may be a major factor, as a high abundance of these cells are present in the uterus. Uterine-derived stem cells have been reported in several studies as being able to contribute to cardiac neovascularization after injury. However, our studies uniquely show the presence of an “utero-cardiac axis”, in which uterine stem cells are able to home to cardiac tissue to promote tissue repair. Additionally, we raise the possibility of a triangular relationship among the bone marrow, uterus, and heart. In this review, we discuss the exchange of stem cells across different organs, focusing on the relationship that exists between the heart, uterus, and bone marrow. We present increasing evidence for the existence of an utero-cardiac axis, in which the uterus serves as a reservoir for cardiac reparative stem cells, similar to the bone marrow. These cells, in turn, are able to migrate to the heart in response to injury to promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ludke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (A.L.); (K.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Kota Hatta
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (A.L.); (K.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Alina Yao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (A.L.); (K.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (A.L.); (K.H.); (A.Y.)
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-581-7492
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48
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Pustovit KB, Samoilova DV, Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS. α1-adrenergic receptors accompanied by GATA4 expression are related to proarrhythmic conduction and automaticity in rat interatrial septum. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:793-805. [PMID: 35802254 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of interatrial septum (IAS) is a complicated process, which continues during postnatal life. The hypertrophic signals in developing heart are mediated among others by α-adrenergic pathways. These facts suggest the presence of specific electrophysiological features in developing IAS. This study was aimed to investigate the electrical activity in the tissue preparations of IAS from rat heart in normal conditions and under stimulation of adrenoreceptors. Intracellular recording of electrical activity revealed less negative level of resting membrane potential in IAS if compared to myocardium of left atrium. In normal conditions, non-paced IAS preparations were quiescent, but noradrenaline (10-5 M) and phenylephrine (10-5 M) induced spontaneous action potentials, which could be abolished by α1-blocker prazosin (10-5 M), but not β1-blocker atenolol (10-5 M). Optical mapping showed drastic phenylephrine-induced slowing of conduction in adult rat IAS. The α1-dependent ectopic automaticity of IAS myocardium might be explained by immunohistochemical data indicating the presence of transcription factor GATA4 and abundant α1A-adrenoreceptors in myocytes from adult rat IAS. An elevated sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation due to involvement of α1-adrenergic pathways may underlie increased proarrhythmic potential of adult IAS at least in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya, 15a, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Defining the molecular underpinnings controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:911-934. [PMID: 35723259 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after birth, mammalian cardiomyocytes (CM) exit the cell cycle and cease to proliferate. The inability of adult CM to replicate renders the heart particularly vulnerable to injury. Restoration of CM proliferation would be an attractive clinical target for regenerative therapies that can preserve contractile function and thus prevent the development of heart failure. Our review focuses on recent progress in understanding the tight regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream molecular mechanisms that underly the inability of CM to proliferate in vivo. In this review, we describe the temporal expression of cell cycle activators e.g., cyclin/Cdk complexes and their inhibitors including p16, p21, p27 and members of the retinoblastoma gene family during gestation and postnatal life. The differential impact of members of the E2f transcription factor family and microRNAs on the regulation of positive and negative cell cycle factors is discussed. This review also highlights seminal studies that identified the coordination of signaling mechanisms that can potently activate CM cell cycle re-entry including the Wnt/Ctnnb1, Hippo, Pi3K-Akt and Nrg1-Erbb2/4 pathways. We also present an up-to-date account of landmark studies analyzing the effect of various genes such as Argin, Dystrophin, Fstl1, Meis1, Pitx2 and Pkm2 that are responsible for either inhibition or activation of CM cell division. All these reports describe bona fide therapeutically targets that could guide future clinical studies toward cardiac repair.
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50
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Mühlfeld C, Schipke J. Methodological Progress of Stereology in Cardiac Research and Its Application to Normal and Pathological Heart Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132032. [PMID: 35805115 PMCID: PMC9265976 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard for obtaining unbiased quantitative morphological data on volume, surface area, and length, as well as the number of tissues, cells or organelles. In cardiac research, the introduction of a stereological method to unbiasedly estimate the number of cardiomyocytes has considerably increased the use of stereology. Since its original description, various modifications to this method have been described. A particular field in which this method has been employed is the normal developmental life cycle of cardiomyocytes after birth, and particularly the question of when, during postnatal development, cardiomyocytes lose their capacity to divide and proliferate, and thus their inherent regenerative ability. This field is directly related to a second major application of stereology in recent years, addressing the question of what consequences intrauterine growth restriction has on the development of the heart, particularly of cardiomyocytes. Advances have also been made regarding the quantification of nerve fibers and collagen deposition as measures of heart innervation and fibrosis. In the present review article, we highlight the methodological progress made in the last 20 years and demonstrate how stereology has helped to gain insight into the process of normal cardiac development, and how it is affected by intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
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