1
|
Frazier HN, Braun DJ, Bailey CS, Coleman MJ, Davis VA, Dundon SR, McLouth CJ, Muzyk HC, Powell DK, Rogers CB, Roy SM, Van Eldik LJ. A small molecule p38α MAPK inhibitor, MW150, attenuates behavioral deficits and neuronal dysfunction in a mouse model of mixed amyloid and vascular pathologies. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100826. [PMID: 39161874 PMCID: PMC11331815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of p38 alpha mitogen activated protein kinase (p38α) has shown great promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in preclinical tests. However, previous preclinical studies were performed in "pure" models of AD pathology. A vast majority of AD patients have comorbid dementia-contributing pathologies, particularly some form of vascular damage. The present study therefore aimed to test the potential of p38α inhibition to address dysfunction in the context of comorbid amyloid and vascular pathologies. Methods An amyloid overexpressing mouse strain (5xFAD) was placed on an 8-week long diet to induce the hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) model of small vessel disease. Mice were treated with the brain-penetrant small molecule p38α inhibitor MW150 for the duration of the HHcy diet, and subsequently underwent behavioral, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, or biochemical/immunohistochemical analyses. Results MW150 successfully reduced behavioral impairment in the Morris Water Maze, corresponding with attenuation of synaptic loss, reduction in tau phosphorylation, and a partial normalization of electrophysiological parameters. No effect of MW150 was observed on the amyloid, vascular, or neuroinflammatory endpoints measured. Conclusions This study provides proof-of-principle that the inhibition of p38α is able to provide benefit even in the context of mixed pathological contributions to cognitive impairment. Interestingly, the benefit was mediated primarily via rescue of neuronal function without any direct effects on the primary pathologies. These data suggest a potential use for p38 inhibitors in the preservation of cognition across contexts, and in particular AD, either alone or as an adjunct to other AD therapies (i.e. anti-amyloid approaches). Future studies to delineate the precise neuronal pathways implicated in the benefit may help define other specific comorbid conditions amenable to this type of approach or suggest future refinement in pharmacological targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N. Frazier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David J. Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Caleb S. Bailey
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Meggie J. Coleman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Verda A. Davis
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Stephen R. Dundon
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Hana C. Muzyk
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David K. Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Colin B. Rogers
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Saktimayee M. Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sandhya G, Monisha S, Singh S, Stezin A, Diwakar L, Issac TG. Hyperhomocysteinemia and its effect on ageing and language functions - HEAL study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20101. [PMID: 39209902 PMCID: PMC11362510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia or high levels (> 15 µmol/L) of homocysteine (Hcy)in the blood has been suggested to affect the brain through vascular and neurodegenerative pathways and potentially impact cognition. The current study aims to explore the association of high homocysteine with cognition and brain volume changes in a cohort of middle and old agedr adults. The study recruited 1296 participants aged ≥ 45 years from Tata Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TLSA), an ongoing cohort study. The participants underwent detailed cognitive assessments using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) and Computerized Assessment of Adult Information Processing (COGNITO) neuropsychological battery and MR imaging using a 3T scanner. The participants were classified based on the median homocysteine level (16.89 µmol/L) into low Hcy (≤ median) and high Hcy (> median) groups. When adjusted for age, gender, years of education, vitamin B12, folate and dyslipidaemia, Generalised Linear Model (GLM) found a significant association of high Hcy with vocabulary task [β (95% CI) - 1.354 (- 2.655, - 0.052); p = 0.041]. Significant associations was also obtained between cerebral white matter volume and high Hcy [β (95% CI) - 5617.182 (- 11062.762, - 173.602); p = 0.043]. The results suggest that people with high Hcy levels performed poorer in cognitive tasks related to language domain and had lesser cerebral white matter volume. This indicates that homocysteine might have a profound impact on brain structure as well as function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sandhya
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Monisha
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Albert Stezin
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Latha Diwakar
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yazdani M. Cellular and Molecular Responses to Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Some Underlying Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5665-5679. [PMID: 38224444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare multisystem mitochondrial disorder. It is caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements, mostly large-scale deletions of 1.1-10 kb. These deletions primarily affect energy supply through impaired oxidative phosphorylation and reduced ATP production. This impairment gives rise to dysfunction of several tissues, in particular those with high energy demand like brain and muscles. Over the past decades, changes in respiratory chain complexes and energy metabolism have been emphasized, whereas little attention has been paid to other reports on ROS overproduction, protein synthesis inhibition, myelin vacuolation, demyelination, autophagy, apoptosis, and involvement of lipid raft and oligodendrocytes in KSS. Therefore, this paper draws attention towards these relatively underemphasized findings that might further clarify the pathologic cascades following deletions in the mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, 0027, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sternberg Z. Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2996-3018. [PMID: 37953352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC-DY) is caused by one or more mutations in the DDC gene, resulting in the deficit in catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. The disease has limited therapeutic options with relatively poor clinical outcomes. Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the etiology of AADC-DY. In the absence of neurotransmitters' neuroprotective effects, the accumulation and the chronic presence of several neurotoxic metabolites including 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3-methyldopa, and homocysteine, in the brain of subjects with AADC-DY, promote oxidative stress and reduce the cellular antioxidant and methylation capacities, leading to glial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, culminating to neuronal injury and death. These pathophysiological processes have the potential to hinder the clinical efficacy of treatments aimed at increasing neurotransmitters' synthesis and or function. This review describes in detail the mechanisms involved in AADC-DY neurodegenerative etiology, highlighting the close similarities with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. We then offer novel strategies for the treatment of the disease with the objective to either reduce the level of the metabolites or counteract their prooxidant and neurotoxic effects. These treatment modalities used singly or in combination, early in the course of the disease, will minimize neuronal injury, preserving the functional integrity of neurons, hence improving the clinical outcomes of both conventional and unconventional interventions in AADC-DY. These modalities may not be limited to AADC-DY but also to other metabolic disorders where a specific mutation leads to the accumulation of prooxidant and neurotoxic metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohi Sternberg
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lukovac T, Hil OA, Popović M, Jovanović V, Savić T, Pavlović AM, Pavlović D. Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:497. [PMID: 38671715 PMCID: PMC11048887 DOI: 10.3390/children11040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5-12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lukovac
- Center for Speech and Language Pathology Higia Logos, Mirijevski Bulevar 17 b, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milka Popović
- Beo-Lab Laboratories, Resavska 58-60, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vitomir Jovanović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika-Ljubina 18-20, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Boulevard, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragan Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rekik A, Santoro C, Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Qamar MA, Batzu L, Landolfo S, Rota S, Falup-Pecurariu C, Murasan I, Chaudhuri KR. Parkinson's disease and vitamins: a focus on vitamin B12. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02769-z. [PMID: 38602571 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to a vast array of vitamins among which vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is the most relevant and often investigated specially in the context of intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy. Vit B12 deficiency, itself, has been reported to cause acute parkinsonism. Nevertheless, concrete mechanisms through which B12 deficiency interacts with PD in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and progression remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that Vit B12 deficiency along with the induced hyperhomocysteinemia are correlated with specific PD phenotypes characterized with early postural instability and falls and more rapid motor progression, cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations and autonomic dysfunction. Specific clinical features such as polyneuropathy have also been linked to Vit B12 deficiency specifically in context of intrajejunal levodopa therapy. In this review, we explore the link between Vit B12 and PD in terms of physiopathology regarding dysfunctional neural pathways, neuropathological processes as well as reviewing the major clinical traits of Vit B12 deficiency in PD and Levodopa-mediated neuropathy. Finally, we provide an overview of the therapeutic effect of Vit B12 supplementation in PD and posit a practical guideline for Vit B12 testing and supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Rekik
- Department of Neurology of Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Mubasher Ahmad Qamar
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Salvatore Landolfo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Rota
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036, Brasov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brasov, Romania
| | - Iulia Murasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036, Brasov, Romania
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salmani F, Mohammadi M, Seif R, Khatami SH, Noori S, Tehrani HS, Riazi G, Balalaie S, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Fard AM, Mahnam K, Keramatinia A, Tafakhori A, Aghamollaii V, Toutounchi AH, Shahmohammadi MR, Karima S. Lysine ε-aminolysis and incorporation of sulfhydryl groups into human brain tau 4R/1N and 306VQIVYK 311 enhances the formation of beta structures and toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130223. [PMID: 38365146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of N-homocysteine thiolactone (tHcy) modification on expressed and purified tau protein and the synthesized VQIVYK target peptide. The modified constructs were subjected to comprehensive validation using various methodologies, including mass spectrometry. Subsequently, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico characterizations were performed under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, as well as in the presence and absence of heparin as a cofactor. Our results unequivocally confirmed that under reducing conditions and in the presence of heparin, the modified constructs exhibited a greater propensity for aggregation. This enhanced aggregative behavior can be attributed to the disruption of lysine positive charges and the subsequent influence of hydrophobic and p-stacking intermolecular forces. Notably, the modified oligomeric species induced apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell line, and this effect was further exacerbated with longer incubation times and higher concentrations of the modifier. These observations suggest a potential mechanism involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects, further investigations are warranted. Elucidating these mechanisms will contribute to the development of more effective strategies to counteract aggregation and mitigate neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Seif
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Karim Mahnam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Nanotechnology Research Center, Sharekord University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Keramatinia
- Department of Community Medicine,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Haghbin Toutounchi
- Department of general surgery, Imam Hosein medical and educational center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Witucki Ł, Perła-Kaján J, Jakubowski H. Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia causes sex-dependent deficiencies in offspring musculature and brain function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1322844. [PMID: 38559811 PMCID: PMC10979824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1322844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), characterized by elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and neurological diseases, as well as pregnancy complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether HHcy induced by a high-methionine (high-Met) diet exacerbates cognitive and behavioral deficits in offspring and leads to other breeding problems. Dietary HHcy was induced four weeks before mating and continued throughout gestation and post-delivery. A battery of behavioral tests was conducted on offspring between postnatal days (PNDs) 5 and 30 to assess motor function/activity and cognition. The results were correlated with brain morphometric measurements and quantitative analysis of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy markers. The high-Met diet significantly increased parental and offspring urinary tHcy levels and influenced offspring behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Female offspring exhibited impaired cognition, potentially related to morphometric changes observed exclusively in HHcy females. Male HHcy pups demonstrated muscle weakness, evidenced by slower surface righting, reduced hind limb suspension (HLS) hanging time, weaker grip strength, and decreased activity in the beaker test. Western blot analyses indicated the downregulation of autophagy and the upregulation of mTOR activity in HHcy cortexes. HHcy also led to breeding impairments, including reduced breeding rate, in-utero fetal death, lower pups' body weight, and increased mortality, likely attributed to placental dysfunction associated with HHcy. In conclusion, a high-Met diet impairs memory and cognition in female juveniles and weakens muscle strength in male pups. These effects may stem from abnormal placental function affecting early neurogenesis, the dysregulation of autophagy-related pathways in the cortex, or epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation triggered by HHcy during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Perła-Kaján
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sirichoat A, Dornlakorn O, Saenno R, Aranarochana A, Sritawan N, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Caffeic acid protects against l-methionine induced reduction in neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in a rat model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26919. [PMID: 38455532 PMCID: PMC10918208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
l-methionine (L-met) is a substantial non-polar amino acid for normal development. L-met is converted to homocysteine that leads to hyperhomocysteinemia and subsequent excessive homocysteine in serum resulting in stimulating oxidative stress and vascular dementia. Several studies have found that hyperhomocysteine causes neuronal cell damage, which leads to memory impairment. Caffeic acid is a substrate in phenolic compound discovered in plant biosynthesis. Caffeic acid contains biological antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The neuroprotective reaction of caffeic acid can protect against the brain disruption from hydrogen peroxide produced by oxidative stress. It also enhances GSH and superoxide dismutase activities, which protect against neuron cell loss caused by oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Hence, we investigated the protective role of caffeic acid in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment induced by L-met in rats. Six groups of Sprague Dawley rats were assigned including control, L-met (1.7 g/kg/day), caffeic acid (20, 40 mg/kg), and L-met + caffeic acid (20, 40 mg/kg) groups. Spatial and recognition memories were subsequently examined using novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Moreover, the immunofluorescence technique was performed to detect Ki-67/RECA-1, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/NeuN and p21 markers to represent hippocampal neurogenesis changes. The results revealed decreases in vasculature related cell proliferation and neuronal cell survival. By contrast, cell cycle arrest was increased in the L-met group. These results showed the association of the spatial and recognition memory impairments. However, the deterioration can be restored by co-administration with caffeic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Oabnithi Dornlakorn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rasa Saenno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nataya Sritawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhuang H, Cao X, Tang X, Zou Y, Yang H, Liang Z, Yan X, Chen X, Feng X, Shen L. Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers. Amino Acids 2024; 56:10. [PMID: 38315232 PMCID: PMC10844422 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic markers and effective drugs. Metabolic dysfunction is one of AD risk factors, which leaded to alterations of various metabolites in the body. Pathological changes of the brain can be reflected in blood metabolites that are expected to explain the disease mechanisms or be candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of targeted metabolites within peripheral blood of AD mouse model, with the purpose of exploring the disease mechanism and potential biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 256 metabolites in serum of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) male mice. Compared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S-adenosine-L-methionine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide in AD mice serum can served as indicator of AD risk. The results revealed the changes of metabolites in serum, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in periphery in AD mice may be related to the disturbances in neuroinhibition, the serotonergic system, sleep function, the cholinergic system, and the gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights into the dysregulation of several key metabolites and metabolic pathways in AD, presenting potential avenues for future research and the development of peripheral biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Feng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simonetti A, Bernardi E, Sani G. Novel Advancements in COVID-19 and Neuroscience. J Pers Med 2024; 14:143. [PMID: 38392577 PMCID: PMC10890030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
From an initial cluster of cases reported in Wuhan, the SARS-Cov-2 infection has since spread globally, causing a pandemic that began on 11 March 2020 [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bou Ghanem A, Hussayni Y, Kadbey R, Ratel Y, Yehya S, Khouzami L, Ghadieh HE, Kanaan A, Azar S, Harb F. Exploring the complexities of 1C metabolism: implications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1322419. [PMID: 38239489 PMCID: PMC10794399 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1322419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) with various cellular processes has garnered substantial attention due to its fundamental implications in several biological processes. OCM serves as a pivotal hub for methyl group donation in vital biochemical reactions, influencing DNA methylation, protein synthesis, and redox balance. In the context of aging, OCM dysregulation can contribute to epigenetic modifications and aberrant redox states, accentuating cellular senescence and age-associated pathologies. Furthermore, OCM's intricate involvement in cancer progression is evident through its capacity to provide essential one-carbon units crucial for nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation, thereby fueling uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, perturbations in OCM pathways are implicated in the dysregulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to disease pathophysiology. This review underscores the profound impact of OCM in diverse disease contexts, reinforcing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its molecular complexities to pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions across inflammation, aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Bou Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yaman Hussayni
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Raghid Kadbey
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yara Ratel
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Shereen Yehya
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Lara Khouzami
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lail H, Mabb AM, Parent MB, Pinheiro F, Wanders D. Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction on Cognition in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4950. [PMID: 38068808 PMCID: PMC10707861 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction of the essential amino acid, methionine, has been shown to induce unique metabolic protection. The peripheral benefits of methionine restriction (MR) are well established and include improvements in metabolic, energy, inflammatory, and lifespan parameters in preclinical models. These benefits all occur despite MR increasing energy intake, making MR an attractive dietary intervention for the prevention or reversal of many metabolic and chronic conditions. New and emerging evidence suggests that MR also benefits the brain and promotes cognitive health. Despite widespread interest in MR over the past few decades, many findings are limited in scope, and gaps remain in our understanding of its comprehensive effects on the brain and cognition. This review details the current literature investigating the impact of MR on cognition in various mouse models, highlights some of the key mechanisms responsible for its cognitive benefits, and identifies gaps that should be addressed in MR research moving forward. Overall findings indicate that in animal models, MR is associated with protection against obesity-, age-, and Alzheimer's disease-induced impairments in learning and memory that depend on different brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. These benefits are likely mediated by increases in fibroblast growth factor 21, alterations in methionine metabolism pathways, reductions in neuroinflammation and central oxidative stress, and potentially alterations in the gut microbiome, mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lail
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Angela M. Mabb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.P.)
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Filipe Pinheiro
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Sapp PA, Gonzalez AM, Marshall TM, Esposito R. Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279925. [PMID: 37899823 PMCID: PMC10600480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yakovlev AV, Kurmashova E, Gataulina E, Gerasimova E, Khalilov I, Sitdikova GF. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia increases seizures susceptibility of neonatal rats. Life Sci 2023; 329:121953. [PMID: 37467884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neonatal seizures are severe pathologies which may result in long-term neurological consequences. High plasma concentrations of homocysteine - hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCy) - are associated with epilepsy. In the present study, we evaluated susceptibility to seizure of neonatal rats with prenatal hHCy. MAIN METHODS Prenatal hHCy was induced by feeding females with a high-methionine diet. Experiments were performed on pups during the first three postnatal weeks. Flurothyl-induced epileptic behavior was assessed according to Racine's scale. Epileptiform activity in the hippocampus was recorded using electrophysiological methods. The balance of excitation/inhibition, functional GABAergic inhibition and GABA reversal potential in hippocampal neurons were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Rats with hHCy developed more severe stages of behavioral patterns during flurothyl-induced epilepsy with shorter latency. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated higher background neuronal activity in rats with hHCy. Seizure-like events triggered by flurothyl (in vivo) or 4-aminopyridine (in vitro) showed shorter latency, higher power and amplitude. An increased glutamate/GABA synaptic ratio was shown in the pyramidal neurons of rats with hHCy and more slices demonstrated excitation by isoguvacine, a selective GABA(A) receptor agonist, during the first and second postnatal weeks. The GABA driving force and the reversal potential of GABA(A) currents were more positive during the second postnatal week for hHCy rats. SIGNIFICANCE The higher susceptibility to seizures in rats with prenatal hHCy due to a shift in the balance of excitation/inhibition toward excitation may underlie the clinical evidence about the association of hHCy with an increased risk of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Yakovlev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - E Kurmashova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - E Gataulina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - E Gerasimova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - I Khalilov
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, INMED UMR901 Parc scientifique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy BP13 - 13273, Marseille cedex 09, France; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - G F Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramires Júnior OV, Silveira JS, Dos Santos TM, Ferreira FS, Vizuete AFK, Gonçalves CA, Wyse ATS. Homocysteine May Decrease Glucose Uptake and Alter the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 Signaling Pathway in Hippocampal Slices: Neuroprotective Effects of Rivastigmine and Ibuprofen. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5468-5481. [PMID: 37314655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease, and is related to cellular and tissue damage. In the present study, we verified the effect of Hcy on neurochemical parameters (redox homeostasis, neuronal excitability, glucose, and lactate levels) and the Serine/Threonine kinase B (Akt), Glucose synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) signaling pathway in hippocampal slices, as well as the neuroprotective effects of ibuprofen and rivastigmine alone or in combination in such effects. Male Wistar rats (90 days old) were euthanized and the brains were dissected. The hippocampus slices were pre-treated for 30 min [saline medium or Hcy (30 µM)], then the other treatments were added to the medium for another 30 min [ibuprofen, rivastigmine, or ibuprofen + rivastigmine]. The dichlorofluorescein formed, nitrite and Na+, K+-ATPase activity was increased by Hcy at 30 µM. Ibuprofen reduced dichlorofluorescein formation and attenuated the effect of Hcy. The reduced glutathione content was reduced by Hcy. Treatments with ibuprofen and Hcy + ibuprofen increased reduced glutathione. Hcy at 30 µM caused a decrease in hippocampal glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression, and an increase in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-protein expression. Phosphorylated GSK3β and Akt levels were reduced by Hcy (30 µM) and co-treatment with Hcy + rivastigmine + ibuprofen reversed these effects. Hcy toxicity on glucose metabolism can promote neurological damage. The combination of treatment with rivastigmine + ibuprofen attenuated such effects, probably by regulating the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 signaling pathway. Reversal of Hcy cellular damage by these compounds may be a potential neuroprotective strategy for brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases (Wyse´s Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cannizzaro A, Ronat L, El Haffaf LM, Hanganu A. Associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms of affective and vegetative domains and brain morphology in aging people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5952. [PMID: 37351584 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and even more in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The symptom-based cluster including nighttime disturbances, depression, appetite changes, anxiety, and apathy (affective and vegetative symptoms) was associated with an increased risk of dementia in MCI and has common neuroanatomical associations. Our objective was to investigate the differences in brain morphology associations with affective and vegetative symptoms between three groups: cognitively normal older adults (CN), MCI and AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data of 223 CN, 367 MCI and 175 AD, including cortical volumes, surface areas and thicknesses and severity scores of the five NPS were analyzed. A whole-brain vertex-wise general linear model was performed to test for intergroup differences (CN-MCI, CN-AD, AD-MCI) in brain morphology associations with five NPS. Multiple regressions were conducted to investigate cortical change as a function of NPS severity in the AD-MCI contrast. RESULTS We found (1) signature differences in nighttime disturbances associations with prefrontal regions in AD-MCI, (2) signature differences in NPS associations with temporal regions in AD-MCI for depression and in CN-AD for anxiety, (3) decreased temporal metrics in MCI as nighttime disturbances and depression severity increased, (4) decreased pars triangularis metrics in AD as nighttime disturbances and apathy severity increased. CONCLUSION Each NPS seems to have a signature on brain morphology. Affective and vegetative NPS were primarily associated with prefrontal and temporal regions. These signatures open the possibility of potential future assessments of links between brain morphology and NPS on an individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cannizzaro
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyna Mariam El Haffaf
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Z, Wu Y, Ouyang D, Lin Z. Covalent organic framework film-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive quantification of homocysteine in human serum. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9463. [PMID: 36565285 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Homocysteine (hcy) is a metabolite in the human body and an important determinant of cardiovascular health. To assist in the assessment of human cardiovascular safety, a rapid and accurate quantitative analysis method must be developed. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) has been widely used in biological, chemical, and medical analyses due to its excellent characteristics of high throughput, low sample consumption, and high speed. Here, an LDI-MS method based on covalent organic framework (COF) film was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of hcy in human serum using an isotope-labeled internal standard. METHODS We tried to cultivate COFs on indium-tin oxide substrate at room temperature to form a thin film, which was used in LDI-MS. Compared with the traditional organic matrices, the COF film had a clean background and a high signal response for the detection of hcy. In addition, using COF film as the substrate, with a high signal intensity and a clean background, can be helpful to analyze a series of small molecules such as amino acids, bisphenols (Bps), estrogens, and drugs. We evaluated the limit of detection (LOD) and the reproducibility of this method. Finally, the calibration curve was constructed for the quantification of serum hcy using an isotope-labeled internal standard and was applied for the rapid determination of hcy in clinical human serum. RESULTS COF film-assisted LDI-MS had a higher response signal and a cleaner background compared to four conventional organic matrices. The LOD of the method for hcy was 0.5 μmol/L, equivalent to 500 fmol. This method exhibited excellent performance for small-molecule compounds, including amino acids, Bps, drugs, and estrogens. The reproducibilities of this method for shot-to-shot and dot-to-dot were determined to be good. This method was applied for the rapid analysis of hcy in clinical human serum, showing good correlation with those obtained by hospital testing. CONCLUSION The COF film-based LDI-MS method had simple sample preparation, short analysis time, clean background, and good reproducibility for hcy analysis. As an important indicator of human health, the detection of serum hcy is of great significance to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oner P, Yilmaz S, Doğan S. High Homocysteine Levels Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients Who Recovered from COVID-19 in the Long Term. J Pers Med 2023; 13:503. [PMID: 36983685 PMCID: PMC10056581 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we measured the levels of depression and cognition in people recovering from COVID-19. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and cognition levels by measuring homocysteine concentrations. It included 62 people recovering from COVID-19 (at least 3 months after positive RT-PCR) and 64 people without COVID-19 (control group). At first, the homocysteine levels of participants were measured. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed to collect data. Homocysteine levels of the group recovering from COVID-19 (x- = 19.065 µmol/L) were higher than the control group (x- = 11.313 µmol/L). There was no significant difference between the groups for BDI scores. The MoCA scores of the group recovering from COVID-19 (x- = 20.774) were lower than the control group (x- = 24.297). There was a negative high (r = -0.705, p < 0.001) correlation between homocysteine levels and MoCA scores. Linear regression analysis is shown to be significant, and the MoCA explanatory value of the variables in the model is 58.6% (p < 0.0001). A 1 µmol/L observed increase in homocysteine level constituted a risk for a 0.765-point decrease in MOCA scores. In patients recovering from COVID-19, early interventions to high homocysteine levels may prevent cognitive impairments that may persist in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Oner
- Department of Microbiology, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig 23100, Turkey
| | - Seda Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig 23100, Turkey
| | - Serpil Doğan
- Department of Neurology, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig 23100, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Advances of H2S in Regulating Neurodegenerative Diseases by Preserving Mitochondria Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030652. [PMID: 36978900 PMCID: PMC10044936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is induced by different toxic substances, including environmental chemicals, drugs, and pathogenic toxins, resulting in oxidative damage and neurodegeneration in mammals. The nervous system is extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress because of its high oxygen demand. Mitochondria are the main source of ATP production in the brain neuron, and oxidative stress-caused mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. H2S was initially identified as a toxic gas; however, more recently, it has been recognized as a neuromodulator as well as a neuroprotectant. Specifically, it modulates mitochondrial activity, and H2S oxidation in mitochondria produces various reactive sulfur species, thus modifying proteins through sulfhydration. This review focused on highlighting the neuron modulation role of H2S in regulating neurodegenerative diseases through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and S-sulfhydration, and emphasized the importance of H2S as a therapeutic molecule for neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Salvador CL, Oppebøen M, Vassli AØ, Pfeiffer HCV, Varhaug KN, Elgstøen KBP, Yazdani M. Increased Sphingomyelin and Free Sialic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: New Findings Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:68-76. [PMID: 37018879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is caused by duplications and/or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is typically diagnosed based on a classic triad of symptoms with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), retinitis pigmentosa, and onset before age 20 years. The present study aimed to diagnose two patients, on suspicion of KSS. METHODS One of the patients went through a diagnostic odyssey, with normal results from several mtDNA analyses, both in blood and muscle, before the diagnosis was confirmed genetically. RESULTS Two patients presented increased tau protein and low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Untargeted metabolomics on CSF samples also showed an increase in the levels of free sialic acid and sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), compared with four control groups (patients with mitochondrial disorders, nonmitochondrial disorders, low 5-MTHF, or increased tau proteins). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time that elevated sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0) and tau protein in KSS are reported. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach and standard laboratory methods, the study could shed new light on metabolism in KSS to better understand its complexity. In addition, the findings may suggest the combination of elevated free sialic acid, sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), and tau protein as well as low 5-MTHF as new biomarkers in the diagnostics of KSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Oppebøen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristin Nielsen Varhaug
- The Mitochondrial Medicine and Neurogenetics (MMN) Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Coppo L, Scheggi S, DeMontis G, Priora R, Frosali S, Margaritis A, Summa D, Di Giuseppe D, Ulivelli M, Di Simplicio P. Does Risk of Hyperhomocysteinemia Depend on Thiol-Disulfide Exchange Reactions of Albumin and Homocysteine? Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:920-958. [PMID: 36352822 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Increased plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy; mild-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia: 15-50 μM tHcy) are considered an independent risk factor for the onset/progression of various diseases, but it is not known about how the increase in tHcy causes pathological conditions. Recent Advances: Reduced homocysteine (HSH ∼1% of tHcy) is presumed to be toxic, unlike homocystine (∼9%) and mixed disulfide between homocysteine and albumin (HSS-ALB; homocysteine [Hcy]-albumin mixed disulfide, ∼90%). This and other notions make it difficult to explain the pathogenicity of Hcy because: (i) lowering tHcy does not improve pathological outcomes; (ii) damage due to HSH usually emerges at supraphysiological doses; and (iii) it is not known why tiny increments in plasma concentrations of HSH can be pathological. Critical Issues: Albumin may have a role in Hcy toxicity, because HSS-ALB could release toxic HSH via thiol-disulfide (SH/SS) exchange reactions in cells. Similarly, thiol-disulfide exchange processes of reduced albumin (albumin with free SH group of Cys34 [HS-ALB]) or N-homocysteinylated albumin are plausible alternatives for initiating Hcy pathological events. Adverse effects of albumin and other data reviewed here suggest the hypothesis of a role of albumin in Hcy toxicity. Future Directions: HSS-ALB might be involved in disruption of the antioxidant/oxidant balance in critical tissues (brain, liver, kidney). Since homocysteine-albumin mixed disulfide is a possible intermediate of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, we suggest that homocysteinylated albumin could be a new pathological factor, and that studies on the redox role of albumin and mixed disulfide production via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions could offer new therapeutic insights for reducing Hcy toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Graziella DeMontis
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Priora
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Frosali
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Margaritis
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Summa
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Danila Di Giuseppe
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Ulivelli
- Department of Surgery, Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Simplicio
- Department of Molecular and Development Medicine and Medical Science and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pradhan SS, Rao KR, Manjunath M, Saiswaroop R, Patnana DP, Phalguna KS, Choudhary B, Sivaramakrishnan V. Vitamin B 6, B 12 and folate modulate deregulated pathways and protein aggregation in yeast model of Huntington disease. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36852176 PMCID: PMC9958225 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia of the brain. HD is caused due to expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin resulting in aggregates. The increased PolyQ length results in aggregation of protein Huntingtin leading to neuronal cell death. Vitamin B6, B12 and folate are deficient in many neurodegenerative diseases. We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptomic, metabolomic and cofactor-protein network of vitamin B6, B12 and folate was performed. Our results show considerable overlap of pathways modulated by Vitamin B6, B12 and folate with those obtained from transcriptomic and metabolomic data of HD patients and model systems. Further, in yeast model of HD we showed treatment of B6, B12 or folate either alone or in combination showed impaired aggregate formation. Transcriptomic analysis of yeast model treated with B6, B12 and folate showed upregulation of pathways like ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, autophagy, peroxisome, fatty acid, lipid and nitrogen metabolism. Metabolomic analysis of yeast model shows deregulation of pathways like aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolism of various amino acids, nitrogen metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of yeast model showed concordance in the pathways obtained. Knockout of Peroxisomal (PXP1 and PEX7) and Autophagy (ATG5) genes in yeast increased aggregates which is mitigated by vitamin B6, B12 and folate treatment. Taken together our results show a role for Vitamin B6, B12 and folate mediated modulation of pathways important for preventing protein aggregation with potential implications for HD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - K. Raksha Rao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - R. Saiswaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Durga Prasad Patnana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Futschek IE, Schernhammer E, Haslacher H, Stögmann E, Lehrner J. Homocysteine - A predictor for five year-mortality in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112045. [PMID: 36509298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are preclinical stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which is the most common entity of dementia. Homocysteine is an amino acid in the methionine cycle, and many studies revealed a significant association between elevated homocysteine serum levels and the progression of dementia. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether elevated homocysteine serum levels could be associated with mortality and neuropsychological test results in individuals suffering from SCD, MCI or AD. METHODS This study is a single-center explorative retrospective data analysis with 976 data protocols from the Memory Outpatient's Clinic of the Medical University of Vienna included. All patients underwent a neurological examination, a laboratory blood test, and neuropsychological testing to establish a diagnosis of either SCD, MCI, or AD. Data was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier functions, factor analysis, and binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Patients with AD showed significantly higher mean homocysteine levels (SCD 12.15 ± 4.71, MCI 12.80 ± 4.81, AD 15.0 ± 6.44 μmol/L) compared to those with SCD and MCI (p ≤ .001). The mean age of patients with AD (75.2 ± 7.8) was significantly older at the time of testing than of patients with MCI (69.1 ± 9.6) or SCD (66.8 ± 9.3). Since homocysteine levels increase with age, this could be a possible explanation for the higher levels of AD patients. The age at death did not differ significantly between all diagnostic subgroups, resulting in the shortest survival times for AD patients. Homocysteine levels were negatively associated with in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Neuropsyhcological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) factors F1-F4 (F1 = attention, F2 = memory, F3 = executive functions, F4 = naming/verbal comprehension). Moreover, higher homocysteine levels significantly predicted shorter five-year survival in the logistic regression models, even after adjusting for age, diagnostic subgroups, sex, years of education and results of neuropsychological testing. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that homocysteine levels are independently associated with impaired cognitive function and increased five-year mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna
| | - E Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Lehrner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen T, Gao Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sui C, Yang L. Methylmalonic acidemia: Neurodevelopment and neuroimaging. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1110942. [PMID: 36777632 PMCID: PMC9909197 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a genetic disease of abnormal organic acid metabolism, which is one of the important factors affecting the survival rate and quality of life of newborns or infants. Early detection and diagnosis are particularly important. The diagnosis of MMA mainly depends on clinical symptoms, newborn screening, biochemical detection, gene sequencing and neuroimaging diagnosis. The accumulation of methylmalonic acid and other metabolites in the body of patients causes brain tissue damage, which can manifest as various degrees of intellectual disability and severe neurological dysfunction. Neuroimaging examination has important clinical significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of MMA. This review mainly reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, and nervous system development, especially the neuroimaging features of MMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yian Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Yinan People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofan Sui
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linfeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Linfeng Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tchantchou F, Hsia RC, Puche A, Fiskum G. Hippocampal vulnerability to hyperhomocysteinemia worsens pathological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury in rats. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023; 15:11795735231160025. [PMID: 36909831 PMCID: PMC9996738 DOI: 10.1177/11795735231160025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) generally resolves within weeks. However, 15-30% of patients present persistent pathological and neurobehavioral sequelae that negatively affect their quality of life. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is a neurotoxic condition derived from homocysteine accumulation above 15 μM. HHCY can occur in diverse stressful situations, including those sustained by U.S. active-duty service members on the battlefield or during routine combat practice. Mild-TBI accounts for more than 80% of all TBI cases, and HHCY exists in 5-7% of the general population. We recently reported that moderate HHCY exacerbates mTBI-induced cortical injury pathophysiology, including increased oxidative stress. Several studies have demonstrated hippocampus vulnerability to oxidative stress and its downstream effects on inflammation and cell death. Objective This study aimed to assess the deleterious impact of HHCY on mTBI-associated hippocampal pathological changes. We tested the hypothesis that moderate HHCY aggravates mTBI-induced hippocampal pathological changes. Methods HHCY was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with a high methionine dose. Rats were then subjected to mTBI by controlled cortical impact under sustained HHCY. Blood plasma was assessed for homocysteine levels and brain tissue for markers of oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier integrity, and cell death. Endothelial cell ultrastructure was assessed by Electron Microscopy and working memory performance using the Y maze test. Results HHCY increased the hippocampal expression of nitrotyrosine in astroglial cells and decreased tight junction protein occludin levels associated with the enlargement of the endothelial cell nucleus. Furthermore, HHCY altered the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins α-ii spectrin hydrolysis, ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation, mirrored by exacerbated mTBI-related hippocampal neuronal loss and working memory deficits. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HHCY is an epigenetic factor that modulates mTBI pathological progression in the hippocampus and represents a putative therapeutic target for mitigating such physiological stressors that increase severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Tchantchou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ru-Ching Hsia
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Services and Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, University of Maryland School of Dentistry and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam Puche
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alvarez-Sanchez N, Dunn SE. Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175874. [PMID: 37122747 PMCID: PMC10140530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that targets the myelin sheath of central nervous system (CNS) neurons leading to axon injury, neuronal death, and neurological progression. Though women are more highly susceptible to developing MS, men that develop this disease exhibit greater cognitive impairment and accumulate disability more rapidly than women. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathology studies have revealed that the greater neurological progression seen in males correlates with chronic immune activation and increased iron accumulation at the rims of chronic white matter lesions as well as more intensive whole brain and grey matter atrophy and axon loss. Studies in humans and in animal models of MS suggest that male aged microglia do not have a higher propensity for inflammation, but may become more re-active at the rim of white matter lesions as a result of the presence of pro-inflammatory T cells, greater astrocyte activation or iron release from oligodendrocytes in the males. There is also evidence that remyelination is more efficient in aged female than aged male rodents and that male neurons are more susceptible to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Both sex chromosome complement and sex hormones contribute to these sex differences in biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alvarez-Sanchez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Dunn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shannon E. Dunn,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Li S, Wang S. Application of Periventricular White Matter Hyperintensities Combined with Homocysteine into Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:785-792. [PMID: 36879618 PMCID: PMC9985451 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s399307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To verify the associations between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and evaluate the predictive value of combination of WMHs and plasma Hcy levels for MCI. Patients and methods In this study, 387 patients with PD were divided into MCI group and non-MCI group. Their cognition was evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation including 10 tests. Five cognitive domains, including the memory, attention/working memory, visuospatial, executive and language domains, were evaluated using two tests for each domain. MCI was determined when at least two tests demonstrated abnormal results, either one impaired test in two different cognitive domains or two impaired tests in a single cognitive domain. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for MCI in PD patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the predictive values, and the Z test was employed to compare the area under curve (AUC). Results MCI was identified in 195 PD patients with an incidence of 50.4%. Multivariate analysis results showed that PWMHs (OR: 5.162, 95% CI: 2.318~9.527), Hcy levels (OR: 1.189, 95% CI: 1.071~1.405) and MDS-UPDRS part III score (OR: 1.173, 95% CI: 1.062~1.394) were independently correlated with MCI in PD patients after adjusting for confounders. ROC curves showed that the AUCs of PWMHs, Hcy levels and their combination were 0.701 (SE: 0.026, 95% CI: 0.647~0.752), 0.688 (SE: 0.027, 95% CI: 0.635~0.742) and 0.879 (SE: 0.018, 95% CI: 0.844~0.915), respectively. Z test showed that the AUC of combination prediction was significantly higher than those of individual predictions (0.879 vs 0.701, Z=5.629, P<0.001; 0.879 vs 0.688, Z=5.886, P<0.001). Conclusion The combination of WMHs and plasma Hcy levels could be applied in the prediction of MCI in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang ZH, Qiao S, Wang L, Wang K, Zhang R, Jin Y, Wu HK, Liu X. Plasma lipid profiles and homocysteine levels in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1148450. [PMID: 37122291 PMCID: PMC10133572 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1148450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate whether lipid profiles and homocysteine levels in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis are related to clinical presentation and prognosis, which may contribute to further research on the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. Methods This study included a total of 43 patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and 43 sex-age-matched healthy controls. Baseline demography, clinical data, patient outcomes, and ancillary examination results were recorded. Patients were followed up every 2-3 months during the first year. The modified Rankin Scale score was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and clinical outcome. Results Among the 43 patients included in this study, 55.81% were male, the mean age of onset was 27 years old, and the median modified Rankin Scale score on admission was 3.0. Apolipoprotein A-1 was significantly lower in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis compared with healthy controls (p = 0.004). Compared with healthy controls, homocysteine (p = 0.002), apolipoprotein B (p = 0.004), Lpa (p = 0.045), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 (p = 0.001) were significantly increased in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. According to the modified Rankin Scale scores, 6 months after discharge, 72.09% of patients had a good prognosis and 27.91% had a poor prognosis. In the good prognosis group, age (p = 0.031), lipoprotein a (p = 0.023), apolipoprotein A-1 (p = 0.027) at baseline, and the modified Rankin Scale score on admission (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those in the poor prognosis group. Conclusion This study suggests the possibility that serum lipid profile and homocysteine play an important role in the pathogenesis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, providing support for lipid-lowering treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kemo Wang
- Department of Neurology of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huai-kuan Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewu Liu
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weekman EM, Winder Z, Rogers CB, Abner EL, Sudduth TL, Patel E, Dugan AJ, Fister SX, Wasek B, Nelson PT, Jicha GA, Bottiglieri T, Fardo DW, Wilcock DM. Genetic expression changes and pathologic findings associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in human autopsy brain tissue. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12368. [PMID: 36514441 PMCID: PMC9732462 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are a leading cause of dementia. An underappreciated, modifiable risk factor for VCID is hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), defined by elevated levels of plasma homocysteine, most often due to impaired B vitamin absorption in aged persons. Studies aimed at identifying neuropathologic features and gene expression profiles associated with HHcy have been lacking. Methods A subset of research volunteers from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center longitudinal cohort came to autopsy and had ante mortem plasma homocysteine levels available. Brain tissue and blood plasma drawn closest to death were used to measure homocysteine and related metabolites in the current pilot study. Genetic expression profiles of inflammatory markers were evaluated using the Human Neuroinflammation NanoString panel. Further analyses included an evaluation of plasma homocysteine effects on amyloid beta, tau, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in the frontal and occipital cortices. Analytes and other study outcomes were evaluated in relation to ante mortem HHcy status: We identified 13 persons with normal ante mortem plasma homocysteine levels (<14 µmol/L) and 18 who had high plasma homocysteine levels (≥14 µmol/L). Results Participants with HHcy demonstrated increased levels of several plasma homocysteine cycle metabolites such as total cysteine, S-adenosyl-homocysteine, cystathionine, and choline. Inflammatory gene expression profiles showed a general downregulation in the setting of elevated plasma homocysteine. HHcy was associated with more and longer microglial processes, but smaller and fewer astrocytes, especially in participants of older age at death. HHcy in older participants was also associated with occipital cortex microhemorrhages and increased severity of atherosclerosis throughout the cerebral vasculature. Conclusions Increased plasma homocysteine and older age were associated with the downregulation of inflammatory gene expression markers in association with significant glial and vascular pathology changes. Impaired immune function is a plausible mechanism by which HHcy increases cerebrovascular damage leading to impaired cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Weekman
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Zach Winder
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Colin B. Rogers
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Ela Patel
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Adam J. Dugan
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Shuling X. Fister
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Baylor Scott and White Research InstituteCenter of MetabolomicsInstitute of Metabolic DiseaseDallasTexasUSA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Baylor Scott and White Research InstituteCenter of MetabolomicsInstitute of Metabolic DiseaseDallasTexasUSA
| | - David W. Fardo
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mustafa Khalid N, Haron H, Shahar S, Fenech M. Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15722. [PMID: 36497797 PMCID: PMC9736259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is thought to play an important role in the cause of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. The purpose of this scoping review was to map current evidence on the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults. The scoping review was conducted based on the 2005 methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley. The search strategy for potential literature on micronutrient concentration in blood and cognitive frailty was retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Science Direct) from January 2010 to December 2021. Gray literature was also included in the searches. A total of 4310 articles were retrieved and 43 articles were incorporated in the review. Findings revealed a trend of significant association between low levels of B vitamins (folate and vitamin B12), vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, omega 3 fatty acid, and albumin, and high homocysteine levels in blood with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults. The results also indicated that low vitamin D levels, albumin, and antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) in blood were significantly associated with frailty among older adults, while β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in blood were inversely associated with the risk of cognitive frailty. Vitamin D and antioxidants seemed to be targeted nutrients for the prevention of cognitive frailty. In conclusion, a wide range of micronutrient deficiency was associated with either mild cognitive impairment or frailty; however, little evidence exists on the dual impairment, i.e., cognitive frailty. This scoping review can serve as preliminary evidence for the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults and prove the relevancy of the topic for future systematic reviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Mustafa Khalid
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Haron
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Song Y, Quan M, Li T, Jia J. Serum Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Folate, and Their Association with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subtypes of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:681-691. [PMID: 36155508 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, the relevance of Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate levels to subtypes of dementia are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate levels in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subtypes of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD), and their relationships with cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers. METHODS We measured serum levels of Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate in 257 subjects. Each subject underwent cognitive function assessment and brain MRI test. The Fazekas and temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) visual rating scales were used to assess the degree of white matter hyperintensities and MTA, respectively. RESULTS Serum levels of Hcy was higher and vitamin B12 was lower in AD, VaD, FTD, and LBD groups than cognitively normal controls. No significant differences of folate levels were found among 6 groups. Hcy levels were positively correlated with MTA total score in AD (r = 0.448, p < 0.001). Vitamin B12 levels were positively correlated with MoCA in VaD (r = 0.497), and negatively correlated with MTA total score in AD (r = - 0.325) (ps < 0.05). Hyperhomocysteinemia may increase the risk of AD (OR = 2.744), VaD (OR = 3.600), and FTD (OR = 3.244) in the adjusted model (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hcy and vitamin B12 levels are associated with MTA in AD. Vitamin B12 levels are associated with general cognition in VaD. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for not only AD and VaD but also FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luzzi S, Cherubini V, Falsetti L, Viticchi G, Silvestrini M, Toraldo A. Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2741. [PMID: 36359260 PMCID: PMC9687733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationship between homocysteine level and non-Alzheimer dementias have been poorly investigated. Most of the studies addressing the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on dementias have not examined the profile of performance across different cognitive domains, and have only relied on screening tests, which provide a very general and coarse-grained picture of the cognitive status of the patients. Yet, trying to understand whether hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the impairment of specific cognitive functions would be crucial, as it would be, in parallel, learning whether some brain circuits are particularly susceptible to the damage caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. These steps would allow one to (i) understand the actual role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and (ii) improve the diagnostic accuracy, differential diagnosis and prognostic implications. This review is aimed at exploring and revising the state of the art of these two strictly related domains. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Cherubini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Homocysteine Modulates Brain Functional Connectivity in a Memory Retrieval Task. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:199-209. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Homocysteine, a methionine metabolite, is a recognized risk factor for accelerated age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Objective: In the light of studies indicating increases in brain activity and brain functional connectivity in the early stages of age-related cognitive decline, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain functional connectivity in a group of late middle-aged males at risk of cognitive decline due to high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle. Methods: Brain functional connectivity was measured using the steady state visual evoked potential event related partial coherence while 38 participants performed a memory task where each trial comprised an object recognition task followed by a location memory task. Results: We observed a significant transient peak in the correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and fronto-parietal brain functional connectivity immediately before the presentation of the memory location component of the task. Significantly, this correlation was only apparent if the participant pool included individuals with homocysteine concentrations above 11μmole/L. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the increased brain functional connectivity observed in the earlier stages of age-related cognitive decline reflects pathognomonic changes in brain function and not compensatory changes engaged to enhance task performance. Our findings also suggest that homocysteine interferes with the inhibition of cortical networks where this inhibition is necessary for optimum task performance. Finally, we observed that the effect of homocysteine on brain functional connectivity is only apparent at concentrations above 11μmol/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gong X, Shi L, Wu Y, Luo Y, Kwok T. B Vitamin Supplementation Slows Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Frontal Lobe Atrophy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1453-1461. [PMID: 36057827 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of B vitamins on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients' cognition have been mixed, suggesting the existence of moderating factors. OBJECTIVE A post hoc analysis of a negative B vitamin trial was performed to examine the potential modulating effect of regional brain atrophy on the cognitive response to B vitamins in MCI patients. METHODS In the 24-month randomized trial, 279 MCI outpatients took 500μ#x03BC;g methylcobalamin and 400μ#x03BC;g folic acid once per day or placebo tablets once per day. Sixty-four aspirin users were excluded from analysis as aspirin use has been found to have significant negative interaction effects. Subjects were followed up at months 12 and 24. The primary cognitive outcome was clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes (CDR_SOB). In a subgroup of 83 subjects, MRI brain scans were performed at baseline to estimate regional brain atrophy ratios. RESULTS Among the trial subjects who had MRI data, B vitamin supplementation had no significant effect on CDR_SOB, despite having significant homocysteine lowering effects. The atrophy ratio of the left frontal lobe significantly moderated the effect of B vitamin supplementation on CDR_SOB, after adjusting for confounders, in that B vitamin supplementation was associated with lower CDR_SOB scores (i.e., better cognitive function) at the 24th month among those patients with above median atrophy ratios, but not among those with lower atrophy ratios, in the left frontal lobe. CONCLUSION B vitamins may be more effective in slowing down cognitive decline in MCI patients with atrophy in the left frontal lobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Gong
- Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Psychology, The Chinese Universityof Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department ofImaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of HongKong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yishan Luo
- Brain Now Research Institute, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Departmentof Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen SM, Tang XQ. Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1726-1735. [PMID: 34951391 PMCID: PMC9881069 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, P.R. China; ,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China,Address correspondence to this author at the The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo G, Wang X, Liu C. MiR-483-3p improves learning and memory abilities via XPO1 in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2680. [PMID: 35833267 PMCID: PMC9392541 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common form of dementia, has been reported to influence 27 million individuals globally. Several risk factors including oxidative stress, gut microbiota imbalance, and cognitive activity are reported to be closely associated with the initiation or progression of AD. Although miR-483-3p was identified to be downregulated in AD patient serum. However, the biological role and mechanism of miR-483-3p remained unknown in AD. Here, we explored the role of miR-483-3p in AD. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with homocysteine (Hcy) to establish an AD animal model. The Morris water maze tests and contextual fear tests were conducted to assess the cognitive and memory abilities of rats. TUNEL staining was utilized to determine cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the binding relation between miR-483-3p and exportin 1 (XPO1). RESULTS Homocysteine treatment (400 μg/kg) induced the learning, cognitive and memory defects of rats. miR-483-3p was downregulated in Hcy-treated rat hippocampus. Functionally, miR-483-3p alleviated cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities in Hcy-treated rats. In addition, miR-483-3p inhibited cell apoptosis and protein level of AD-associated factors (APP, BACE1, and Aβ1-42) in PC12 cells. In mechanism, miR-483-3p was confirmed to target XPO1 in PC12 cells. XPO1 displayed high level in rat hippocampus and was negatively correlated with miR-483-3p levels. Finally, XPO1 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-483-3p on cell apoptosis and protein levels of AD-associated factors. CONCLUSIONS miR-483-3p alleviates neural cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities by targeting XPO1 in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of RehabilitationGezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of RehabilitationThe Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Changya Liu
- Department of NeurologyHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhanHubeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ehtewish H, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6144. [PMID: 35682821 PMCID: PMC9181591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies or definitive clinical diagnostic and prognostic tools for dementia, and the mechanisms underpinning the link between T2DM and cognitive dysfunction remain equivocal. Some of the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in diabetes patients include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and altered insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular injury, and buildup of cerebral amyloid and tau proteins. Given the skyrocketing global rates of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, there is an urgent need to discover novel biomarkers relevant to the co-morbidity of both conditions to guide future diagnostic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive background of the potential risk factors, the identified biomarkers of diabetes-related cognitive decrements, and the underlying processes of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications are associated with increased risk of dementia. Conclusive research studies that have attempted to find specific biomarkers are limited. However, the most frequent considerations in such investigations are related to C reactive protein, tau protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, advanced glycation end products, glycosylated hemoglobin, and adipokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rivastigmine Reverses the Decrease in Synapsin and Memory Caused by Homocysteine: Is There Relation to Inflammation? Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4517-4534. [PMID: 35578101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood, called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for it has been shown that Hcy induces oxidative stress and increases microglial activation and neuroinflammation, as well as causes cognitive impairment, which have been linked to the neurodegenerative process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mild hyperhomocysteinemia with or without ibuprofen and rivastigmine treatments on the behavior and neurochemical parameters in male rats. The chronic mild HHcy model was chemically induced in Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of Hcy (4055 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 30 days. Ibuprofen (40 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once daily. Motor damage (open field, balance beam, rotarod, and vertical pole test), cognitive deficits (Y-maze), neurochemical parameters (oxidative status/antioxidant enzymatic defenses, presynaptic protein synapsin 1, inflammatory profile parameters, calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), iNOS gene expression), and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway were investigated. Results showed that mild HHcy caused cognitive deficits in working memory, and impaired motor coordination reduced the amount of synapsin 1 protein, altered the neuroinflammatory picture, and caused changes in the activity of catalase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. Both rivastigmine and ibuprofen treatments were able to mitigate this damage caused by mild HHcy. Together, these neurochemical changes may be associated with the mechanisms by which Hcy has been linked to a risk factor for AD. Treatments with rivastigmine and ibuprofen can effectively reduce the damage caused by increased Hcy levels.
Collapse
|
40
|
Oki R, Izumi Y, Fujita K, Miyamoto R, Nodera H, Sato Y, Sakaguchi S, Nokihara H, Kanai K, Tsunemi T, Hattori N, Hatanaka Y, Sonoo M, Atsuta N, Sobue G, Shimizu T, Shibuya K, Ikeda K, Kano O, Nishinaka K, Kojima Y, Oda M, Komai K, Kikuchi H, Kohara N, Urushitani M, Nakayama Y, Ito H, Nagai M, Nishiyama K, Kuzume D, Shimohama S, Shimohata T, Abe K, Ishihara T, Onodera O, Isose S, Araki N, Morita M, Noda K, Toda T, Maruyama H, Furuya H, Teramukai S, Kagimura T, Noma K, Yanagawa H, Kuwabara S, Kaji R. Efficacy and Safety of Ultrahigh-Dose Methylcobalamin in Early-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:575-583. [PMID: 35532908 PMCID: PMC9086935 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Importance The effectiveness of currently approved drugs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is restricted; there is a need to develop further treatments. Initial studies have shown ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin to be a promising agent. Objective To validate the efficacy and safety of ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin for patients with ALS enrolled within 1 year of onset. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase 3 clinical trial with a 12-week observation and 16-week randomized period, conducted from October 17, 2017, to September 30, 2019. Patients were recruited from 25 neurology centers in Japan; those with ALS diagnosed within 1 year of onset by the updated Awaji criteria were initially enrolled. Of those, patients fulfilling the following criteria after 12-week observation were eligible for randomization: 1- or 2-point decrease in the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) total score, a percent forced vital capacity greater than 60%, no history of noninvasive respiratory support and tracheostomy, and being ambulatory. The target participant number was 64 in both the methylcobalamin and placebo groups. Patients were randomly assigned through an electronic web-response system to methylcobalamin or placebo. Interventions Intramuscular injection of methylcobalamin (50-mg dose) or placebo twice weekly for 16 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was change in ALSFRS-R total score from baseline to week 16 in the full analysis set. Results A total of 130 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.0 [11.7] years; 74 men [56.9%]) were randomly assigned to methylcobalamin or placebo (65 each). A total of 129 patients were eligible for the full analysis set, and 126 completed the double-blind stage. Of these, 124 patients proceeded to the open-label extended period. The least square means difference in ALSFRS-R total score at week 16 of the randomized period was 1.97 points greater with methylcobalamin than placebo (-2.66 vs -4.63; 95% CI, 0.44-3.50; P = .01). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this randomized clinical trial showed that ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin was efficacious in slowing functional decline in patients with early-stage ALS and with moderate progression rate and was safe to use during the 16-week treatment period. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03548311.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oki
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nodera
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sato
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakaguchi
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Department of Neurology, Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Neurology, Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Miyoshi, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Komai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Iou Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Murakami Karindoh Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kohara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuzume
- Department of Neurology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishihara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sagiri Isose
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Araki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kagimura
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yanagawa
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peters R, Dodge HH, James S, Jicha GA, Meyer PF, Richards M, Smith AD, Yassine HN, Abner E, Hainsworth AH, Kehoe PG, Beckett N, Anderson CS, Anstey KJ. The epidemiology is promising, but the trial evidence is weak. Why pharmacological dementia risk reduction trials haven't lived up to expectations, and where do we go from here? Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:507-512. [PMID: 34726352 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for interventions that can prevent or delay cognitive decline and dementia. Decades of epidemiological research have identified potential pharmacological strategies for risk factor modification to prevent these serious conditions, but clinical trials have failed to confirm the potential efficacy for such interventions. Our multidisciplinary international group reviewed seven high-potential intervention strategies in an attempt to identify potential reasons for the mismatch between the observational and trial results. In considering our findings, we offer constructive recommendations for the next steps. Overall, we observed some differences in the observational evidence base for the seven strategies, but several common methodological themes that emerged. These themes included the appropriateness of trial populations and intervention strategies, including the timing of interventions and other aspects of trials methodology. To inform the design of future clinical trials, we provide recommendations for the next steps in finding strategies for effective dementia risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pierre-Francois Meyer
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD), Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - A David Smith
- OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erin Abner
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Nigel Beckett
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Neuroscience Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Panisi C, Marini M. Dynamic and Systemic Perspective in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Change of Gaze in Research Opens to A New Landscape of Needs and Solutions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35204013 PMCID: PMC8870276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step for a harmonious bio-psycho-social framework in approaching autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is overcoming the conflict between the biological and the psychosocial perspective. Biological research can provide clues for a correct approach to clinical practice, assuming that it would lead to the conceptualization of a pathogenetic paradigm able to account for epidemiologic and clinical findings. The upward trajectory in ASD prevalence and the systemic involvement of other organs besides the brain suggest that the epigenetic paradigm is the most plausible one. The embryo-fetal period is the crucial window of opportunity for keeping neurodevelopment on the right tracks, suggesting that women's health in pregnancy should be a priority. Maladaptive molecular pathways beginning in utero, in particular, a vicious circle between the immune response, oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbiosis-impact neurodevelopment and brain functioning across the lifespan and are the basis for progressive multisystemic disorders that account for the substantial health loss and the increased mortality in ASD. Therefore, the biological complexity of ASD and its implications for health requires the enhancement of clinical skills on these topics, to achieve an effective multi-disciplinary healthcare model. Well-balanced training courses could be a promising starting point to make a change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Badar A. Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Vitamin B12 Deficiency: An Autobiographical Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e21476. [PMID: 35223256 PMCID: PMC8858590 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin. Among its many functions is its crucial role as a coenzyme in a step of normal synthesis of myelin. Likewise, it is a vital coenzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Therefore, it is no surprise that vitamin B12 deficiency is linked to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. Most physicians can quickly pick up typical pernicious anemia, but very few remember the association of vitamin B12 with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this case report, the author presents his own experience of neuropsychiatric disorder (presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome along with anxiety) related to vitamin B12 deficiency with a strong recommendation to include vitamin B12 in the initial set of laboratory investigations suggested for patients over 40 years of age presenting with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu J, Xue R, Wang Q, Yu H, Liu X. The Effects of Plasma Homocysteine Level on the Risk of Three Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:841429. [PMID: 35386526 PMCID: PMC8977462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher homocysteine (Hcy) level has been suggested to be associated with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated the causal relationships between plasma Hcy level and MPDs risks using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS We selected 18 loci associated with plasma Hcy level from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) as genetic instruments. Genetic associations with SCZ, MDD, BD and BD subtypes (BD-I and BD-II) were extracted from several GWAS datasets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We used the Generalized Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (GSMR) method to estimate the associations of genetically predicted plasma Hcy levels with MPDs risks. We also performed inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis to verify the GSMR results and used MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out analysis to test the assumptions for a valid MR analysis. RESULTS Genetically predicted plasma Hcy levels were associated with risks of SCZ (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, P GSMR = 1.73 × 10-3) and BD-I (OR = 1.14, P IVW = 5.23 × 10-3) after Bonferroni correction. These associations were statistically significant when using IVW analysis (SCZ: OR = 1.11, P IVW = 2.74 × 10-3; BD-I: OR = 1.13, P IVW = 9.44 × 10-3). Furthermore, no significant horizontal pleiotropy was found by sensitivity analysis, and leave-one-out analyses showed no specific SNP affected the overall estimate. However, genetically determined plasma Hcy levels were not causally associated with MDD, BD, or BD-II risks. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that elevated plasma Hcy levels may increase the risk of SCZ or BD-I. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted to validate the MR findings in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ranran Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cao L, Sun Z. Diagnostic Values of Serum Levels of Homocysteine, Heat Shock Protein 70 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein for Predicting Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:525-533. [PMID: 35330824 PMCID: PMC8938274 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s354022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular cognitive impairment is one of the main clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Reliable molecular markers are needed urgently to predict cognitive impairments in CSVD patients. This study aimed to investigate the possible diagnostic values of serum levels of Hcy, Hsp70 and hs-CRP for predicting vascular cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. METHODS According to the presence of CSVD and cognitive impairment (CI), healthy patients and CSVD patients were divided into three groups. Serum Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were abnormal in the CI group. Clinical characteristics and MOCA cognitive function score statistics were performed for the three groups: the control group, CSVD without cognitive impairment group and CSVD with cognitive impairment group. Finally, Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were correlated with MOCA to analyze the correlation between serum Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP and cognitive dysfunction caused by CSVD. RESULTS The levels of serum Hcy, Hsp70, and hsCRP had significantly higher expression in the CSVD groups than those in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, basic clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and other clinical details had no significantly differences among the three groups. Serum Hcy, Hsp70 and hs-CRP levels were negatively correlated with MoCA total scores. CONCLUSION Serum levels of Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were negatively correlated with cognitive impairment caused by CSVD, which could be used as a predictor to predict the risk of cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Pesoli M, Mandolesi L. Nutrition and cognition across the lifetime: an overview on epigenetic mechanisms. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:448-476. [PMID: 34877399 PMCID: PMC8611190 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of our brain depends on both genes and their interactions with environmental factors. The close link between genetics and environmental factors produces structural and functional cerebral changes early on in life. Understanding the weight of environmental factors in modulating neuroplasticity phenomena and cognitive functioning is relevant for potential interventions. Among these, nutrition plays a key role. In fact, the link between gut and brain (the gut-brain axis) is very close and begins in utero, since the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) originate from the same germ layer during the embryogenesis. Here, we investigate the epigenetic mechanisms induced by some nutrients on the cognitive functioning, which affect the cellular and molecular processes governing our cognitive functions. Furthermore, epigenetic phenomena can be positively affected by specific healthy nutrients from diet, with the possibility of preventing or modulating cognitive impairments. Specifically, we described the effects of several nutrients on diet-dependent epigenetic processes, in particular DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications, and their potential role as therapeutic target, to describe how some forms of cognitive decline could be prevented or modulated from the early stages of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peters R, Breitner J, James S, Jicha GA, Meyer P, Richards M, Smith AD, Yassine HN, Abner E, Hainsworth AH, Kehoe PG, Beckett N, Weber C, Anderson C, Anstey KJ, Dodge HH. Dementia risk reduction: why haven't the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12202. [PMID: 34934803 PMCID: PMC8655351 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the leading health and lifestyle factors for the risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease has yet to translate to risk reduction. To understand why, we examined the discrepancies between observational and clinical trial evidence for seven modifiable risk factors: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, estrogens, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sample heterogeneity and paucity of intervention details (dose, timing, formulation) were common themes. Epidemiological evidence is more mature for some interventions (eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) than others. Trial data are promising for anti-hypertensives and B vitamin supplementation. Taken together, these risk factors highlight a future need for more targeted sample selection in clinical trials, a better understanding of interventions, and deeper analysis of existing data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Psychology University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Breitner
- Douglas Hospital Research Center and McGill UniversityQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Pierre‐Francois Meyer
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT‐AD)VerdunQuebecCanada
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. David Smith
- OPTIMADepartment of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Departments of Medicine and NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Abner
- University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt GeorgesUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Craig Anderson
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- Neuroscience ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Psychology University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang J, Zheng B, Yang S, Zheng H, Wang J. Opicapone Protects Against Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2018-2028. [PMID: 34709593 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-related brain vascular disorders and brain endothelial dysfunction are important characteristics of the pathogeneses of subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke. Upregulated homocysteine (Hcy) can impair the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Opicapone has been recently licensed for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it is unknown whether it possesses a protective effect in brain vessels against HHcy. To investigate the beneficial effects of Opicapone on BBB permeability against HHcy, we carried out both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mice were allocated into four groups: the Control, Opicapone, HHcy, and HHcy + Opicapone. Interestingly, we found that the administration of Opicapone attenuated the increased BBB permeability in Hcy-treated mice, as determined by sodium fluorescein staining. The immunofluorescence staining showed that Opicapone prevented homocysteine-induced reduction of claudin-2 in the mice cortices. The in situ zymography assay revealed that Opicapone suppressed homocysteine-increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity in the cortices. In bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells, Opicapone treatment ameliorated homocysteine-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, Opicapone alleviated homocysteine-induced decrease in claudin-2 level in bEnd.3 cells. In summary, our results show that Opicapone protects against HHcy-induced BBB permeability by reducing the expression and gelatinase activity of MMPs, and increasing the expression of claudin-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an Peoples Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an Peoples Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Role of Lipocalin-2 in Amyloid-Beta Oligomer-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111657. [PMID: 34829528 PMCID: PMC8614967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an inflammatory protein with diverse functions in the brain. Although many studies have investigated the mechanism of LCN2 in brain injuries, the effect of LCN2 on amyloid-toxicity-related memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been less studied. We investigated the role of LCN2 in human AD patients using a mouse model of AD. We created an AD mouse model by injecting amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO) into the hippocampus. In this model, animals exhibited impaired learning and memory. We found LCN2 upregulation in the human brain frontal lobe, as well as a positive correlation between white matter ischemic changes and serum LCN2. We also found increased astrocytic LCN2, microglia activation, iron accumulation, and blood–brain barrier disruption in AβO-treated hippocampi. These findings suggest that LCN2 is involved in a variety of amyloid toxicity mechanisms, especially neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
50
|
Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine - from disease biomarker to disease prevention. J Intern Med 2021; 290:826-854. [PMID: 33660358 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the literature and have identified more than 100 diseases or conditions that are associated with raised concentrations of plasma total homocysteine. The commonest associations are with cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the central nervous system, but a large number of developmental and age-related conditions are also associated. Few other disease biomarkers have so many associations. The clinical importance of these associations becomes especially relevant if lowering plasma total homocysteine by B vitamin treatment can prevent disease and so improve health. Five diseases can at least in part be prevented by lowering total homocysteine: neural tube defects, impaired childhood cognition, macular degeneration, primary stroke, and cognitive impairment in the elderly. We conclude from our review that total homocysteine values in adults of 10 μmol/L or below are probably safe, but that values of 11 μmol/L or above may justify intervention. Homocysteine is more than a disease biomarker: it is a guide for the prevention of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Smith
- From the, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - H Refsum
- From the, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK.,Department Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|