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Li MY, Cheng LY, Li SC, Fang YH, Shao BB, Cui YY, Wei ZT, Yu SJ, Ran C. A glutathione S-transferase PcGSTMu2 involved in the detoxification of bifenazate in Panonychus citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39344807 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The citri red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important citrus pest worldwide, causing enormous economic losses to citrus production. Bifenazate is a widely used acaricide for controlling P. citri. The detoxification mechanism of bifenazate is not clear in P. citri. RESULTS PcGSTMu2, a significantly upregulated GST gene, was identified by the transcriptome analysis of P. citri after bifenazate exposure. The expression level of PcGSTMu2 was significantly increased after bifenazate exposure. By using RNAi of PcGSTMu2, the susceptibility of P. citri to bifenazate was significantly increased. Protein modeling and docking of PcGSTMu2 with GSH and bifenazate indicated the potential amino acid residues for binding in the active site. Heterologous expression and in vitro functional assays further revealed that PcGSTMu2 could deplete bifenazate. CONCLUSION These results indicated that PcGSTMu2 plays an important role in the detoxification of bifenazate in P. citri and provides the molecular foundation for understanding bifenazate metabolism in P. citri. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Yan Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Hong Fang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-Bin Shao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Cui
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Tang Wei
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
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2
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Kheradmand K, Heidari M, Sedaratian-Jahromi A, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Havasi M. How does Neoseiulus californicus McGregor respond to sublethal doses of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hyp.: Cordycipitaceae)? BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39328185 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Prostigmata), is one of the most economically important mite species, mainly controlled by chemical acaricides. Natural enemies have been assessed as reliable alternatives for management of this phytophagous mite. In the current project, demographic characteristics of Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to sublethal concentrations (LC10 = 6.76 × 102, LC20 = 8.74 × 103 and LC30 = 55.38 × 103 conidia ml-1) of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. TV strain were investigated under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Our results indicated that when adult predators were exposed to LC20 and LC30 of B. bassiana, the oviposition period was significantly reduced compared with other treatments. Neoseiulus californicus fecundity was significantly greater in the control (37 eggs) than in LC30 (24 eggs). Life table analysis revealed that the net reproductive rate (R0) declined as the sublethal concentrations of B. bassiana increased. The most striking result to emerge from the data is that not only intrinsic (r); but also, finite rate of increase (λ) was not significantly affected by different concentrations of B. bassiana. Our findings revealed some potential interactions of B. bassiana and N. californicus during their combinations for managing T. urticae that may be helpful for optimising control of this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Kheradmand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Havasi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Tsakireli D, Vandenhole M, Spiros A P, Riga M, Balabanidou V, De Rouck S, Ray J, Zimmer C, Talmann L, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J. The cytochrome P450 subfamilies CYP392A and CYP392D are key players in acaricide metabolism in Tetranychusurticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106031. [PMID: 39277360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a major agricultural pest with a global distribution, extremely diverse host range and a remarkable ability to develop resistance to a wide variety of acaricides. P450 mono-oxygenases have been frequently associated with resistance development in this species. In particular enzymes of the CYP392A-subfamily were shown to metabolize a number of key acaricides, including abamectin, amitraz, fenpyroximate and the active metabolite of pyflubumide. However, transcriptomic studies comparing highly resistant and susceptible populations have often revealed high expression of members of the CYP392D-subfamily, but these have been only poorly studied. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data of 20 populations and identified two key enzymes of this family, CYP392D2 and CYP392D8, whose expression is associated with resistance. We subsequently functionally expressed these enzymes, together with CYP392A11 and CYP392A16 as known metabolizers, and compared their potential to accept a wide diversity of acaricides as substrate. This study overall confirms previous discovered substrates for CYP392A11 and CYP392A16, but also reveals unreported metabolic activity towards new acaricides. These include carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and etoxazole for CYP392A16 and carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and NNI-0711-NH pyflubumide for CYP392A11. For the newly studied CYP392D-family, we show that CYP392D2 metabolizes pyridaben, fenpyroximate, etoxazole and chlorpyrifos, while CYP392D8 metabolizes carbaryl, fenazaquin and tebufenpyrad. Last, we observed that both CYP392A- and CYP392D-subfamily enzymes activate chlorpyrifos to its corresponding oxon. Our study indicates that there is both overlap and specificity in the activity of A- and D-subfamily enzymes against acaricides and model substrates. With the recent advent of highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing protocols in T. urticae, the way is now paved to conduct further genetic experiments revealing and quantifying the role of these enzymes in the resistance phenotype in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tsakireli
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vasilia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Sander De Rouck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Ray
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Berkshire RG42 6EY, Bracknell, United Kingdom.
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332 Stein, Switzerland.
| | - Lea Talmann
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332 Stein, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Vontas
- Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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4
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Costa S, Magalhães S, Santos I, Zélé F, Rodrigues L. A Sex-Specific Trade-Off Between Pesticide Resistance and Tolerance to Heat-Induced Sterility in Tetranychus urticae. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e70014. [PMID: 39328186 PMCID: PMC11424881 DOI: 10.1111/eva.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current pest management relies extensively on pesticide application worldwide, despite the frequent rise of pesticide resistance in crop pests. This is particularly worrisome because resistance is often not costly enough to be lost in populations after pesticide application, resulting in increased dependency on pesticide application. As climate warming increases, effort should be put into understanding how heat tolerance will affect the persistence of pesticide resistance in populations. To address this, we measured heat tolerance in two populations of the spider mite crop pest Tetranychus urticae that differ in the presence or absence of a target-site mutation conferring resistance to etoxazole pesticide. We found that developmental time and fertility, but not survival, were negatively affected by increasing temperatures in the susceptible population. Furthermore, we found no difference between resistant and susceptible populations in all life-history traits when both sexes developed at control temperature, nor when females developed at high temperature. Resistant heat-stressed males, in contrast, showed lower fertility than susceptible ones, indicating a sex-specific trade-off between heat tolerance and pesticide resistance. This suggests that global warming could lead to reduced pesticide resistance in natural populations. However, resistant females, being as affected by high temperature as susceptible individuals, may buffer the toll in resistant male fertility, and the shorter developmental time at high temperatures may accelerate adaptation to temperature, the pesticide or the cost thereof. Ultimately, the complex dynamic between these two factors will determine whether resistant populations can persist under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G. Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute (cE3c), Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Sara Magalhães
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute (cE3c), Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute (cE3c), Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Flore Zélé
- Institute of Evolution Sciences (ISEM), CNRS, IRD, EPHEUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Leonor R. Rodrigues
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute (cE3c), Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
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5
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Mandrapa B, Spohrer K, Wuttke D, Ruttensperger U, Dieckhoff C, Müller J. Machine learning-based hyperspectral wavelength selection and classification of spider mite-infested cucumber leaves. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s10493-024-00953-0. [PMID: 39177713 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is an important greenhouse pest. In cucumbers, heavy infestations lead to the complete loss of leaf assimilation surface, resulting in plant death. Symptoms caused by spider mite feeding alter the light reflection of leaves and could therefore be optically detected. Machine learning methods have already been employed to analyze spectral information in order to differentiate between healthy and spider mite-infested leaves of crops such as tomatoes or cotton. In this study, machine learning methods were applied to cucumbers. Hyperspectral data of leaves were recorded under controlled conditions. Effective wavelengths were identified using three feature selection methods. Subsequently, three supervised machine learning algorithms were used to classify healthy and spider mite-infested leaves. All combinations of feature selection and classification methods yielded accuracy of over 80%, even when using ten or five wavelengths. These results suggest that machine learning methods are a powerful tool for image-based detection of spider mites in cucumbers. In addition, due to the limited number of wavelengths, there is also substantial potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Mandrapa
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Klaus Spohrer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Ute Ruttensperger
- State Horticultural College and Research Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Uchiyama C, Yoshimura S, Yamamoto S, Ogawa M, Kawai K. Acaricide Flupentiofenox Inhibits the Mitochondrial β-Oxidation Pathway of Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18391-18400. [PMID: 39110101 PMCID: PMC11342930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
A newly developed pesticide, flupentiofenox, has a unique trifluoroethyl phenylsulfoxide structure, and it powerfully affects spider mites, including those with resistance to multiple commercial acaricides. To clarify the mode of action of flupentiofenox, we investigated its effect on mitochondrial energy generation. We observed that flupentiofenox decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) at a practical dose. Flupentiofenox potently inhibited mitochondrial oxygen consumption under conditions of palmitoyl-carnitine or octanoic acid supply, but not under conditions of pyruvate supply. These results show that flupentiofenox inhibits the mitochondrial fatty acid metabolic pathway between the uptake of long-chain acylcarnitine or medium-chain fatty acid and the synthesis of acetyl-CoA by β-oxidation, resulting in suppressed mitochondrial energy generation. Our investigations have led us to conclude that flupentiofenox is a pesticide with a novel mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Uchiyama
- Life
& Environment Research Center, Life Science Research Institute,
Research & Development Division, Kumiai
Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 276 Tamari, Kakegawa-shi, Shizuoka 436-0011, Japan
| | - Shingo Yoshimura
- Agrochemical
Research Center, Life Science Research Institute, Research & Development
Division, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co.,
Ltd., 3360 Kamo, Kikugawa-shi, Shizuoka 439-0031, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Life
& Environment Research Center, Life Science Research Institute,
Research & Development Division, Kumiai
Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 276 Tamari, Kakegawa-shi, Shizuoka 436-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Life
& Environment Research Center, Life Science Research Institute,
Research & Development Division, Kumiai
Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 276 Tamari, Kakegawa-shi, Shizuoka 436-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawai
- Life
& Environment Research Center, Life Science Research Institute,
Research & Development Division, Kumiai
Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 276 Tamari, Kakegawa-shi, Shizuoka 436-0011, Japan
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7
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Gao S, Niu YD, Chen L, Chen MF, Bing XL, Hong XY. Transcriptomic landscapes reveal development-related physiological processes in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s10493-024-00956-x. [PMID: 39150623 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch, TSSM) is recognized as one of the most problematic spider mite pests. However, the precise gene expression patterns across its key developmental stages remain elusive. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TSSM eggs, nymphs and adult females using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to elucidate the overarching transcriptomic differences between these developmental stages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis unveiled distinct separations among samples across different developmental stages, regardless of their Wolbachia infection status. Differential expression analysis revealed 4,089,2,762, and 1,282 core genes specifically enriched in eggs, nymphs, and adults, respectively. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed upregulation of genes in eggs are associated with proteolysis, Wnt signaling pathway, DNA transcription, RNA biosynthetic and metabolic processes, as well as protein folding, sorting, and degradation pathways. Meanwhile, nymphs exhibited increased abundance of genes related to chitin/amino sugar metabolic processes, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, monoatomic ion transport, and neurotransmitter transport pathways. Pathways involving sphingolipid and carbohydrate metabolic processes, proteolysis, lipid transport, and localization were particularly enriched in older females. Altogether, our findings suggest that the egg stage exhibits higher activity in cell differentiation processes, the nymph stage is more involved in chitin development, and the adult stage shows increased metabolic and reproductive activity. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSSM development and paves the way for further research into the intricate physiological processes of TSSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue-Di Niu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Fei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bing
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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8
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Yang QQ, Li SC, Cui YY, Huang ZH, Cheng LY, Zhang SH, Wu Z, Yu SJ, Pan Q, Ding LL, Lei S, Liu L, Cong L, Ran C. Identification and Functional Characterization of Carboxylesterase Genes Involved in Spirodiclofen Resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17306-17316. [PMID: 39054269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes has been reported to be associated with many cases of pesticide resistance in arthropods. However, it has been rarely documented that CCE genes participate in spirodiclofen resistance in Panonychus citri. In previous research, we found that spirodiclofen resistance is related to increased P450 and CCE enzyme activities in P. citri. In this study, we identified two CCE genes, PcCCE3 and PcCCE5, which were significantly upregulated in spirodiclofen-resistant strain and after exposure to spirodiclofen. RNA interference of PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 increased the spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri. In vitro metabolism indicated that PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 could interact with spirodiclofen, but metabolites were detected only in the PcCCE3 treatment. Our results indicated that PcCCE3 participates in spirodiclofen resistance through direct metabolism, and PcCCE5 may be involved in the spirodiclofen resistance by passive binding and sequestration, which provides new insights into spirodiclofen resistance in P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Yang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yang-Yang Cui
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Ze-Hao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu-Yan Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
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9
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Wang YC, Chang YW, Xie HF, Gong WR, Wu CD, Du YZ. The cytochrome P450 gene CYP4g1 driven by high temperature confers abamectin tolerance on Liriomyza trifolii through promoting cuticular hydrocarbons biosynthesis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106012. [PMID: 39084804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Liriomyza trifolii, an invasive pest, poses a substantial threat to horticultural and vegetable plants. It spreads rapidly, especially in hot weather, leading to large-scale outbreaks with strong thermotolerance and insecticide resistance. In this study, mortality and LtCYP4g1 expression in L. trifolii were evaluated after thermal and insecticides exposure. Furthermore, functional verification of LtCYP4g1 was conducted through RNA interference and bacterial survival assays in Escherichia coli containing recombinant LtCYP4g1 protein. Results indicated that a short time exposure to high temperature incresed insecticide tolerance of L. trifolii, attributed to decreased mortality and induced LtCYP4g1 expression; LtCYP4g1 was involved in stimulating synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) and elevating epicuticle lipid content and thickness, and E. coli cells overexpressing LtCYP4g1 exhibited significant tolerance to thermal and insecticide stress. In general, P450-mediated tolerance of L. trifolii was enhanced by high temperature, with LtCYP4g1 playing a role in promoting biosynthesis of CHCs for thickening epidermal lipid barrier and reducing cuticular penetration. This study provides a framework for delving into the function of CYP450s in insecticide detoxification and illustrates the role of global warming in driving the evolution of L. trifolii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hong-Fang Xie
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Wu
- Pukou Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Nanjing City, Pukou 211800, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
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10
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Garcia A, Talavera-Mateo L, Petrik I, Oklestkova J, Novak O, Santamaria ME. Spider mite infestation triggers coordinated hormonal trade-offs enabling plant survival with a fitness cost. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14479. [PMID: 39187434 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is an important pest that causes severe damage to a wide variety of plants and crops, leading to a substantial productivity loss. Previous research has been focused on plant defence response to T. urticae to improve plant resistance. However, plant growth, development and reproduction throughout the infestation process have not been previously studied. Through physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic and hormonomic evaluation, we uncover the molecular mechanisms directing the defence-growth trade-off established in Arabidopsis upon T. urticae infestation. Upon mite attack, plants suffer an adaptation process characterized by a temporal separation between the defence and growth responses. Jasmonic and salicylic acids regulate the main defence responses in combination with auxin and abscisic acid. However, while the reduction of both auxin signalling and gibberellin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid biosynthesis lead to initial growth arrest, increasing levels of growth hormones at later stages enables growth restart. These alterations lead to a plant developmental delay that impacts both seed production and longevity. We demonstrate that coordinated trade-offs determine plant adaptation and survival, revealing mite infestation has a long-lasting effect negatively impacting seed viability. This study provides additional tools to design pest management strategies that improve resistance without penalty in plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Talavera-Mateo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Petrik
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Science, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Science, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Science, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chen Y, Nguyen DT, Wheeler D, Herron GA. A novel mutation in mitochondrial cytochrome b conferring resistance to bifenazate in two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3612-3619. [PMID: 38451019 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae causes significant damage to ornamental, cotton, sugarcane and horticultural crops in Australia. It has a long history of developing resistance to many acaricides including bifenazate. A mutation in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b is recognized as the primary mechanism of bifenazate resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms against bifenazate in Australian two-spotted spider mite, we sequenced the complete mitochondrion genome of five mite strains including a susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strain. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation D252N in the G126S background at cytochrome b being the cause of bifenazate resistance in a bifenazate-resistant strain, Bram. We validated the role of this mutation combination by reciprocal crosses between a bifenazate resistant and susceptible strain. By doing these crosses we confirmed the pattern of inheritance was maternal. Additionally, mitochondrial heteroplasmy was not observed by single mite genotyping of the mutations in cytb in a known bifenazate-resistant strain Bram. The phylogenetic analysis with the complete mitochondrion genome sequences revealed that Australian two-spotted spider mite strains are closely related to the green form of T. urticae found in China. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation D252N found in the cytochrome b in the G126S background was revealed to be the main cause of bifenazate resistance in the Australian T. urticae strain Bram. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant A Herron
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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İnak E, De Rouck S, Demirci B, Dermauw W, Geibel S, Van Leeuwen T. A novel target-site mutation (H146Q) outside the ubiquinone binding site of succinate dehydrogenase confers high levels of resistance to cyflumetofen and pyflubumide in Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 170:104127. [PMID: 38657708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial electron transfer inhibitors at complex II (METI-II), also referred to as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), represent a recently developed class of acaricides encompassing cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, pyflubumide and cyetpyrafen. Despite their novelty, resistance has already developed in the target pest, Tetranychus urticae. In this study a new mutation, H146Q in a highly conserved region of subunit B of complex II, was identified in a T. urticae population resistant to all METI-IIs. In contrast to previously described mutations, H146Q is located outside the ubiquinone binding site of complex II. Marker-assisted backcrossing of this mutation in a susceptible genetic background validated its association with resistance to cyflumetofen and pyflubumide, but not cyenopyrafen or cyetpyrafen. Biochemical assays and the construction of inhibition curves with isolated mitochondria corroborated this selectivity. In addition, phenotypic effects of H146Q, together with the previously described H258L, were further examined via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Although both mutations were successfully introduced into a susceptible T. urticae population, the H146Q gene editing event was only recovered in individuals already harboring the I260V mutation, known to confer resistance towards cyflumetofen. The combination of H146Q + I260V conferred high resistance levels to all METI-II acaricides with LC50 values over 5000 mg a.i./L for cyflumetofen and pyflubumide. Similarly, the introduction of H258L via gene editing resulted in high resistance levels to all tested acaricides, with extreme LC50 values (>5000 mg a.i./L) for cyenopyrafen and cyetpyrafen, but lower resistance levels for pyflubumide and cyflumetofen. Together, these findings indicate that different mutations result in a different cross-resistance spectrum, probably also reflecting subtle differences in the binding mode of complex II acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berke Demirci
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Jiang L, Wang H, Qiao K, Wu C. Increasing Cyetpyrafen Spray Volume and Ozone Spray Improves the Control Effects against Two-Spotted Spider Mite ( Tetranychus urticae) in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1792. [PMID: 38999632 PMCID: PMC11244566 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is a constant threat to greenhouse strawberry production. The application of synthetic acaricides is the main method of controlling T. urticae. However, resistance development to traditional acaricides reduces their efficacy and eventually leads to control failure. It is important for strawberry growers to look for new acaricides and application technologies that can limit the harmfulness of T. urticae in environmentally friendly ways. In the current study, laboratory toxicity tests and field trials were performed to screen high-efficiency acaricides, and then application technologies were improved to enhance the management of T. urticae. In the laboratory toxicity tests, the results showed that the LC50 (median lethal concentration) value of cyetpyrafen, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, bifenazate, abamectin, azocyclotin, pyridaben, spirodiclofen, and etoxazole against adult T. urticae was 0.226, 0.240, 0.415, 3.583, 5.531, 25.58, 39.69, 140.3, and 267.7 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the LC50 value of the nine acaricides against eggs of T. urticae was 0.082, 0.097, 0.931, 18.56, 25.52, 45.61, 36.32, 1.954, and 0.040 mg/L, respectively. The field trial results showed that the best control effect was obtained in cyetpyrafen at 300 mL/ha treatment. Cyetpyrafen was chosen for further application technology tests. In the spray volume tests, the results showed that increasing the spray volume from 900 to 1050 L/ha significantly improved the control of T. urticae. In addition, the results from the spray instrument tests demonstrated that the control effects on T. urticae in the ozone spray treatments were significantly higher than those of the conventional and electrostatic sprays 1 and 3 days after treatment (DAT). Therefore, this study suggested that cyetpyrafen effectively controlled T. urticae both in the laboratory tests and in the field trials. Increasing the spray volume and application of ozone spray significantly improved T. urticae management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Kang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, China
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xun X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Homologous Design and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Acaricidal 2,4-Diphenyloxazolines Containing Different Heteroatoms and Alkyl Chains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13431-13438. [PMID: 38815265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In order to speculate the three-dimensional structure of the potential binding pocket of the chitin synthase inhibitor, a series of 2,4-diphenyloxazoline derivatives with different lengths of alkyl chains and heteroatoms were designed and synthesized by a homologous strategy. The bioassay results indicate that both the length of the alkyl chains and the type of substituents can affect the acaricidal activity against mite eggs. Compounds containing chloropropyl, alkoxyalkyl, and para-substituted phenoxyalkyl or phenylthioalkyl groups exhibit good activity, while those containing steric hindrance substituents or carbonyl substituents on the benzene ring exhibit reduced activity. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study showed that there may be a narrow hydrophobic region deep in the pocket, and the steric effect plays a more important role than the electrostatic effect. The current work will provide assistance for future molecular design and target binding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiwei Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Li SC, Cheng LY, Yang QQ, Huang ZH, Shao BB, Yu SJ, Ding LL, Pan Q, Lei S, Liu L, Cong L, Ran C. Overexpression of a nuclear receptor HR96 contributes to spirodiclofen susceptibility in Panonychus citri (McGregor). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 202:105952. [PMID: 38879306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, is one of the most notorious and devastating citrus pests around the world that has developed resistance to multiple chemical acaricides. In previous research, we found that spirodiclofen-resistant is related to overexpression of P450, CCE, and ABC transporter genes in P. citri. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these detoxification genes are still elusive. This study identified all hormone receptor 96 genes of P. citri. 8 PcHR96 genes contained highly conserved domains. The expression profiles showed that PcHR96h was significantly upregulated in spirodiclofen resistant strain and after exposure to spirodiclofen. RNA interference of PcHR96h decreased expression of detoxification genes and increased spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri. Furthermore, molecular docking, heterologous expression, and drug affinity responsive target stability demonstrated that PcHR96h can interact with spirodiclofen in vitro. Our research results indicate that PcHR96h plays an important role in regulating spirodiclofen susceptibility and provides theoretical support for the resistance management of P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lu-Yan Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China; Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Ze-Hao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin-Bin Shao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China.
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16
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Shao B, Yu S, Wang S, Li S, Ding L, Li M, Cheng L, Pan Q, Cong L, Ran C. A UDP-glycosyltransferase gene PcUGT202A9 was associated with abamectin resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132228. [PMID: 38734355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Panonychus citri (McGregor) strains have developed a high level of resistance to abamectin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical for the removal of a variety of exogenous and endogenous substances. In this study, an enzyme activity assay revealed that UGTs potentially contribute to P. citri abamectin resistance. Spatiotemporal expression profiles showed that only PcUGT202A9 was significantly overexpressed in the abamectin-resistant strain (AbR) at all developmental stages. Moreover, UGT activity decreased significantly, whereas abamectin susceptibility increased significantly, in AbR after PcUGT202A9 was silenced. Three-dimensional modeling and molecular docking analyses revealed that PcUGT202A9 can bind stably to abamectin. Recombinant PcUGT202A9 activity was detected when α-naphthol was used, but the enzymatic activity was inhibited by abamectin (50 % inhibitory concentration: 803.3 ± 14.20 μmol/L). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that recombinant PcUGT202A9 can effectively degrade abamectin and catalyze the conjugation of UDP-glucose to abamectin. These results imply PcUGT202A9 contributes to P. citri abamectin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Shao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shijiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Sichen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Luyan Cheng
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China.
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Engineering Research Center for Citrus, Chongqing 400712, China.
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17
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Song G, Shin D, Kim JS. Microbiome changes in Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147-infected two-spotted spider mites. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108102. [PMID: 38604562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is an agriculturally serious polyphagous pest that has acquired strong resistance against acaricides because of its short life cycle and continuous exposure to acaricides. As an alternative, mite-pathogenic fungi with different modes of action could be used to control the mites. The spider mite has symbiotic microorganisms that could be involved in the physiological and ecological adaptations to biotic stresses. In this study, mite-pathogenic fungi were used to control female adults, and the microbiomes changes in the fungus-infected mites were analyzed. The acaricidal activity of 77 fungal isolates was tested, and Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147 exhibited the highest acaricidal activity. Subsequently a dose-response assay and morphological characterization was undertaken For microbiome analysis in female adults infected with A. attenuatus JEF-147, 16S rDNA and ITS1 were sequenced using Illumina Miseq. Infected mite showed a higher Shannon index in bacterial diversity but lower index in fungal diversity. In beta diversity using principal component analysis, JEF-147-treated mites were significantly different from non-treated controls in both bacteria and fungi. Particularly in bacterial abundance, arthropod defense-related Rickettsia increased, but arthropod reproduction-associated Wolbachia decreased. The change in major bacterial abundance in the infected mites could be explained by a trade-off between reproduction and immunity against the early stage of fungal attack. In fungal abundance, Akanthomyces showed up as expected. Foremost, this work reports microbiome changes in a fungus-infected mite and suggests a possible trade-off in mites against fungal pathogens. Future studies will focus on gene-based investigations related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyeon Song
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
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18
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Alpkent YN, Ferizli AG. Monitoring detoxification enzyme levels and resistance of Tetranychus urticae against some METI-group chemicals in Türkiye cotton fields. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 93:211-227. [PMID: 38864992 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acaricides used against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton fields cause control failure over time. To determine the resistance status of T. urticae populations to tebufenpyrad and bifenazate, different populations collected from Aydın (AYD), Adana (ADA), Şanlıurfa (SAN), and Diyarbakır (DIY) provinces of Türkiye, between 2019 and 2020, were subjected to diagnostic dose bioassays. Firstly, the spider mites were eliminated with a discriminating dose. Afterwards, LC50 and LC90 of the remaining populations were determined and the ten highest resistant populations were selected. The highest phenotypic resistance to bifenazate was observed in AYD4 and DIY2 (LC50 57.14 mg L- 1 with 85.01-fold and LC50 30.15 mg L- 1with 44.86-fold, respectively), while the lowest phenotypic resistance was found in SAN6 (LC50 1.5 mg L- 1; 2.28-fold). Considering the phenotypic resistance to tebufenpyrad, the highest resistance was found in AYD4 population (LC50 96.81 mg L- 1; 12.92-fold), while the lowest - in DIY28 population (LC50 21.23 mg L- 1; 2.83-fold). In pharmacokinetic studies, the ADA16 population was compared with the sensitive German Susceptible Strain population and it was determined that carboxylesterase activity was statistically higher (1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein enzyme activation 2.70-fold). The highest activation of glutathione S-transferase was detected in ADA16 (1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein; 2.32-fold). No mutations were found in PSST (METI 1), the point mutation site for tebufenpyrad, and Cytb (METI 3), the point mutation site for bifenazate. In terms of phenotypic resistance, bifenazate was found to be moderately resistant in two populations (85.01 and 44.86-fold), while tebufenpyrad was moderately resistant in one population (12.92-fold). This study showed that both acaricides are still effective against T. urticae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Yenimahalle, 06172, Türkiye.
| | - Ahmet Güray Ferizli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Türkiye
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Song L, Yu C, Li W, Liu L, Sun Q, Liu H, Wang S. Differential Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Functional Analysis of Pyridaben-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) under High Temperature Stress. INSECTS 2024; 15:381. [PMID: 38921096 PMCID: PMC11204104 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) has caused serious economic losses on some crops (soybean, corn, and cotton) in China, and has developed resistance to most acaricides. Our laboratory study found that T. truncatus was resistant to pyridaben and also adapted to high temperature (34-40 °C). High temperature stress may cause arthropods to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzymes, as the main antioxidants, can reduce the damage caused by excessive ROS in arthropods. In order to study the adaptation mechanism of the pyridaben-resistant strain of T. truncatus to high temperature and the role of antioxidant enzyme genes under high temperature stress, four antioxidant enzyme genes, TtSOD, TtPOD3, TtPOD4, and TtGSTs2, were screened according to the transcriptome sequencing data of pyridaben-susceptible and -resistant strains in T. truncatus. Firstly, the phylogeny and structure analyses of these four genes were carried out. Then, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology was used to analyze the gene expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes in two strains of T. truncatus at three different high temperature ranges (34 °C, 38 °C, and 42 °C). The results showed that the expression levels of four antioxidant enzyme genes of two strains of T. truncatus were induced by high temperature stress, and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes were significantly different in each development state. The gene expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in resistant strains at the adult stage was significantly higher than that in susceptible strains. After the TtSOD and TtPOD4 genes of adult mites of the resistant strain were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the mortality rate of mites with TtPOD4 gene silencing reached 41.11% after 96 h at 34 °C, which was significantly higher than that of the control and TtSOD gene silencing. It has been confirmed that the TtPOD4 gene plays a key role in the adaptation of pyridaben-resistant strain of T. truncatus to high temperature. It lays a theoretical foundation for revealing the thermal adaptation mechanism of T. truncatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Song
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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20
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Gupta S, Sangwan N, Sangwan AK, Gupta S, Kumar A, Maan S, Kumar A, Kumar S. Acaricide resistance status of deltamethrin and coumaphos in Hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected from different districts of Haryana. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:809-833. [PMID: 38448756 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To study the acaricide resistance status and possible mechanisms of action in conferring resistance to commonly used acaricides (deltamethrin and coumaphos), Hyalomma anatolicum ticks were collected from 6 dairy farms of Hisar and Charkhi Dadri districts of Haryana. By using standard larval packet test, H. anatolicum tick larvae of Charkhi Dadri isolates were found to be susceptible (100% mortality) to both the acaricides. Level-I resistance against coumaphos was recorded from four isolates, whereas, level-II was observed in only one isolate, collected from Hisar. One isolates (Kaimri) from Hisar also showed level-I resistance against deltamethrin. Biochemically, the ticks having higher values of resistance factor (RF) against coumaphos were found to possess increased enzymatic activity of α-esterase, β-esterase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and mono-oxygenase enzymes, whereas, the monoamine oxidase did not show any constant trend. However, the RF showed a statistical significant correlation with GST only. Native PAGE analysis of H. anatolicum ticks revealed the presence of nine types of esterases (EST-1 h to EST-9 h) by using napthyl acetate as substrate. In the inhibitory assay, esterases were found to be inhibited by PMSF, indicating the presence of serine residue at catalytic triad. The partial cds of carboxylesterase and domain II of sodium channel genes were sequenced to determine any proposed mutations in resistant isolates of H. anatolicum ticks, however, no mutations were observed in either gene, indicating that increased expression of detoxification enzymes as a possible mechanism for resistance development, in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Nirmal Sangwan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sangwan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Jalukie, Nagaland, India
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Haryana Pashu Vigyan Kendra, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Uchani, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Entomology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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21
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Qin J, Wang D, Xu L, Wang C. Identification and biochemical characterization of a carboxylesterase gene associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103612. [PMID: 38492248 PMCID: PMC10959707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae is a major hematophagous ectoparasite in layer hens. Although the acaricide β-cypermethrin has been used to control mites worldwide, D. gallinae has developed resistance to this compound. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important detoxification enzymes that confer resistance to β-cypermethrin in arthropods. However, CarEs associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae have not yet been functionally characterized. Here, we isolated a CarE gene (Deg-CarE) from D. gallinae and assayed its activity. The results revealed significantly higher expression of Deg-CarE in the β-cypermethrin-resistant strain (RS) than in the susceptible strain (SS) toward α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) and β-naphthyl acetate (β-NA). These findings suggest that enhanced esterase activities might have contributed to β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Deg-CarE expression levels were significantly higher in adults than in other life stages. Although Deg-CarE was upregulated in the RS, significant differences in gene copy numbers were not observed. Additionally, Deg-CarE expression was significantly induced by β-cypermethrin in both the SS and RS. Moreover, silencing Deg-CarE via RNA interference decreased the enzyme activity and increased the susceptibility of the RS to β-cypermethrin, confirming that Deg-CarE is crucial for β-cypermethrin detoxification. Finally, recombinant Deg-CarE (rDeg-CarE) expressed in Escherichia coli displayed high enzymatic activity toward α/β-NA. However, metabolic analysis indicated that rDeg-CarE did not directly metabolize β-cypermethrin. The collective findings indicate that D. gallinae resistance to β-cypermethrin is associated with elevated CarEs protein activity and increased Deg-CarE expression levels. These findings provide insights into the metabolic resistance of D. gallinae and offer scientific guidance for the management and control of D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Baoding Livestock Husbandry workstation, Baoding 071023, Hebei, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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22
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Złotkowska E, Wlazło A, Kiełkiewicz M, Misztal K, Dziosa P, Soja K, Barczak-Brzyżek A, Filipecki M. Automated imaging coupled with AI-powered analysis accelerates the assessment of plant resistance to Tetranychus urticae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8020. [PMID: 38580663 PMCID: PMC10997613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae, is among the most destructive piercing-sucking herbivores, infesting more than 1100 plant species, including numerous greenhouse and open-field crops of significant economic importance. Its prolific fecundity and short life cycle contribute to the development of resistance to pesticides. However, effective resistance loci in plants are still unknown. To advance research on plant-mite interactions and identify genes contributing to plant immunity against TSSM, efficient methods are required to screen large, genetically diverse populations. In this study, we propose an analytical pipeline utilizing high-resolution imaging of infested leaves and an artificial intelligence-based computer program, MITESPOTTER, for the precise analysis of plant susceptibility. Our system accurately identifies and quantifies eggs, feces and damaged areas on leaves without expert intervention. Evaluation of 14 TSSM-infested Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes originating from diverse global locations revealed significant variations in symptom quantity and distribution across leaf surfaces. This analytical pipeline can be adapted to various pest and host species, facilitating diverse experiments with large specimen numbers, including screening mutagenized plant populations or phenotyping polymorphic plant populations for genetic association studies. We anticipate that such methods will expedite the identification of loci crucial for breeding TSSM-resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Złotkowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wlazło
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Misztal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- diCELLa Ltd., Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Dziosa
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Barczak-Brzyżek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhang Q, Lu YW, Liu XY, Li Y, Gao WN, Sun JT, Hong XY, Shao R, Xue XF. Phylogenomics resolves the higher-level phylogeny of herbivorous eriophyoid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea). BMC Biol 2024; 22:70. [PMID: 38519936 PMCID: PMC10960459 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are among the largest groups in the Acariformes; they are strictly phytophagous. The higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, however, remains unresolved due to the limited number of available morphological characters-some of them are homoplastic. Nevertheless, the eriophyoid mites sequenced to date showed highly variable mitochondrial (mt) gene orders, which could potentially be useful for resolving the higher-level phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS Here, we sequenced and compared the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species, which showed 54 patterns of rearranged mt gene orders relative to that of the hypothetical ancestor of arthropods. The shared derived mt gene clusters support the monophyly of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) as a whole and the monophylies of six clades within Eriophyoidea. These monophyletic groups and their relationships were largely supported in the phylogenetic trees inferred from mt genome sequences as well. Our molecular dating results showed that Eriophyoidea originated in the Triassic and diversified in the Cretaceous, coinciding with the diversification of angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals multiple molecular synapomorphies (i.e. shared derived mt gene clusters) at different levels (i.e. family, subfamily or tribe level) from the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species. We demonstrated the use of derived mt gene clusters in unveiling the higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, and underlines the origin of these mites and their co-diversification with angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Wen Lu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Nan Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhu Y, Wu T, Hu Q, He W, Zheng Y, Xie Y, Rao Q, Liu X. Plant Essential Oils: Dual Action of Toxicity and Egg-Laying Inhibition on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), Unveiling Their Potential as Botanical Pesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 38592755 PMCID: PMC10975855 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae, a prominent pest mite in strawberry and vegetable cultivation in China, has developed escalating resistance due to extensive chemical pesticide application. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify safe and efficacious methods to reduce resistance development. In this study, 38 commercially available plant essential oils (EOs) were screened for their acaricidal potential and ability to inhibit oviposition. The findings revealed that 13 EOs exhibited notable acaricidal activity, with lemon EO demonstrating the highest toxicity, followed by sage, patchouli, frankincense, lemongrass, palmarosa, and oregano EOs. In addition, 18 EOs displayed significant inhibitory effects on oviposition, with lemon EO exhibiting the highest inhibition rate (99.15%) and inhibition index (0.98). Subsequently, sage, frankincense, clove, lemongrass, oregano, patchouli, myrrh, black pepper, palmarosa, and geranium EOs also showed inhibition rates exceeding 50%. Despite black pepper, clove, myrrh, and oregano EOs demonstrating relatively low toxicity against T. urticae, they exhibited heightened efficacy in inhibiting oviposition and suppressing population expansion. This study conducted a comparative assessment of the acaricidal and oviposition inhibition activities of EOs and their principal constituents, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of botanical acaricides against T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiong Rao
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.); (Q.H.); (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xunyue Liu
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.); (Q.H.); (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
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25
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Rizzo R, Ragusa E, Benelli G, Lo Verde G, Zeni V, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Sinacori M, Tsolakis H. Lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:967-977. [PMID: 37822147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a polyphagous and damaging pest, presenting several resistant populations worldwide. Among new and more environmentally friendly control tools, botanical pesticides represent a valuable alternative to synthetic ones within integrated pest management strategies. Accordingly, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide isolated from Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) roots on T. urticae and its natural enemy, the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor). RESULTS Carlina oxide (98.7% pure compound) was used for acaricidal tests on eggs, nymphs, and adult females of T. urticae (concentrations of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ), and eggs and females of N. californicus (1250 and 5000 μL L-1 on eggs and females, respectively). Behavioral two-choice tests were also conducted on phytoseiid females. Carlina oxide toxicity was higher on T. urticae females than nymphs (median lethal dose 1145 and 1825 μL L-1 , respectively), whereas egg mortality and mean hatching time were significantly affected by all tested concentrations. A decreasing daily oviposition rate for T. urticae was recorded with concentrations ranging from 625 to 5000 μL L-1 , whereas negative effects on the population growth rate were recorded only with the three higher concentrations (1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ). No toxic effect on N. californicus females was found, but a strong repellent activity lasting for 48 h from application was recorded. CONCLUSION Carlina oxide reduced longevity and fecundity of T. urticae adults, but not of N. californicus. This selective property allows us to propose it as a novel active ingredient of ecofriendly acaricides for T. urticae management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rizzo
- CREA - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ragusa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lo Verde
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Milko Sinacori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Haralabos Tsolakis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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26
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Liu XY, Li K, Pan D, Dou W, Yuan GR, Wang JJ. Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanism of abamectin resistance in a field-derived strain of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1258-1265. [PMID: 37889506 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), a global pest of citrus, has developed different levels of resistance to various acaricides in the field. Abamectin is one of the most important insecticides/acaricides worldwide, targetting a wide number of insect and mite pests. The evolution of abamectin resistance in P. citri is threatening the sustainable use of abamectin for mite control. RESULTS The abamectin resistant strain (NN-Aba), derived from a field strain NN by consistent selection with abamectin, showed 4279-fold resistance to abamectin compared to a relatively susceptible strain (SS) of P. citri. Cross-resistance of NN-Aba was observed between abamectin and emamectin benzoate, pyridaben, fenpropathrin and cyflumetofen. Inheritance analyses indicated that abamectin resistance in the NN-Aba strain was autosomal, incompletely recessive and polygenic. The synergy experiment showed that abamectin toxicity was synergized by piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and tributyl phosphorotrithiotate (TPP) in the NN-Aba strain, and synergy ratios were 2.72-, 2.48- and 2.13-fold, respectively. The glutathione-S-transferases activity in the NN-Aba strain were significantly increased by 2.08-fold compared with the SS strain. CONCLUSION The abamectin resistance was autosomal, incompletely recessive and polygenic in P. citri. The NN-Aba strain showed cross-resistance to various acaricides with different modes of action. Metabolic detoxification mechanism participated in abamectin resistance in NN-Aba strain. These findings provide useful information for resistance management of P. citri in the field. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ye QT, Gong X, Liu HH, Wu BX, Peng CW, Hong XY, Bing XL. The symbiont Wolbachia alleviates pesticide susceptibility in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae through enhanced host detoxification pathways. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38388801 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests, with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activation. Recent studies show that pesticide resistance can also be influenced by symbionts, but their involvement in this process in spider mites remains uncertain. Here, we found that infection with Wolbachia, a well-known bacterial reproductive manipulator, significantly increased mite survival after exposure to the insecticides abamectin, cyflumetofen, and pyridaben. Wolbachia-infected (WI) mites showed higher expression of detoxification genes such as P450, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), ABC transporters, and carboxyl/cholinesterases. RNA interference experiments confirmed the role of the two above-mentioned detoxification genes, TuCYP392D2 and TuGSTd05, in pesticide resistance. Increased GST activities were also observed in abamectin-treated WI mites. In addition, when wild populations were treated with abamectin, WI mites generally showed better survival than uninfected mites. However, genetically homogeneous mites with different Wolbachia strains showed similar survival. Finally, abamectin treatment increased Wolbachia abundance without altering the mite's bacterial community. This finding highlights the role of Wolbachia in orchestrating pesticide resistance by modulating host detoxification. By unraveling the intricate interplay between symbionts and pesticide resistance, our study lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to combat agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tong Ye
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Wu Peng
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bing
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Rincón RA, Rodríguez D, Coy-Barrera E. Susceptibility of Tetranychus urticae to the Alkaloidal Extract of Zanthoxylum schreberi Bark: Phenotypic and Biochemical Insights for Biotechnological Exploitation. BIOTECH 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38390908 PMCID: PMC10885115 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae Koch, a phytophagous mite, is one of the most significant crop pests globally. The primary method employed for controlling T. urticae involves chemical means, utilizing synthesized products, posing the risk of developing resistance. The urgency for novel strategies integrated into pest management programs to combat this mite is becoming increasingly imperative. Botanical pesticides emerge as a promising tool to forestall arthropod resistance. Among these, extracts from Rutaceae plants, abundant in bioactive specialized metabolites, have demonstrated potential as insecticides and miticides. In this study, various concentrations of alkaloidal extracts sourced from the bark of Zanthoxylum schreberi J.F.Gmel. (Rutaceae) were evaluated against T. urticae adult females. Furthermore, the extract's combination with three distinct commercial acaricides (i.e., chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, and abamectin) was also assessed for this mite. Chemical characterization of the extract via LC-MS allowed for the annotation of various compounds related to ten benzylisoquinoline-derived alkaloids. The extract, both alone and in combination with commercial insecticides, yielded varying responses, inducing over 40% mortality at 2% w/w, demonstrating a 90% repellency rate at the same concentration, and exerting a moderate impact on fecundity. These treatments extended beyond phenotypic responses, delving into the biochemical effects on treated T. urticae females through an exploration of the impact on four enzymes, i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), esterases (GE), and P450-like monooxygenases (PMO). Employing consensus docking studies and in vitro enzymatic evaluations, it was discovered that the Z. schreberi-derived extract and its constituents significantly affected two key enzymes, AChE and GST (IC50 < 6 µM), which were associated with the phenotypic observations of T. urticae females. The evaluation of alkaloid-rich botanicals showcases promising potential as a relevant biotechnological strategy in addressing mite-related concerns, offering a pathway toward innovative and sustainable pest management solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Rincón
- Biological Control Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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Tanaka M, Yase J, Kanto T, Osakabe M. Combined nighttime ultraviolet B irradiation and phytoseiid mite application provide optimal control of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse strawberry plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:698-707. [PMID: 37759371 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae is a hard-to-control pest of greenhouse strawberry production. Nighttime ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation using light reflection sheets (LRS) has been applied as a physical method to control T. urticae through direct ovicidal effects (the UV method). However, because strawberry leaves grow more densely, UV-B radiation fails to reach the lower leaf surfaces inhabited by spider mites; therefore, a complementary method is required. We propose the supplemental application of phytoseiid mites in greenhouse strawberry production. We evaluated the control effects of UV-B irradiation, phytoseiid mite application and their combined use. The effects of UV-B irradiation on the degree of overlap relative to the independent distributions (ω) between predators and prey were also analyzed. RESULTS The UV method alone maintained low T. urticae density levels from November to February; however, mite populations increased from March onward. Phytoseiid mite application in January and February without UV-B irradiation resulted in a temporary increase in spider mites in March and/or April. By contrast, combined application of the UV method and phytoseiid mites had a greater control effect during the strawberry growing season. The ω values were higher for the UV method compared with no UV-B irradiation, suggesting that UV-B irradiation increased phytoseiid mite foraging rates. CONCLUSION The release of phytoseiid mites compensated for the shortcomings of the UV method, and UV-B irradiation promoted predation by phytoseiid mites by increasing the behavioral numerical response. Consequently, combined application of UV-B irradiation and phytoseiid mites is optimal for T. urticae control in greenhouse strawberry production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Tanaka
- Plant Protection Department, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junya Yase
- Plant Protection Department, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanto
- Plant Protection Department, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiang SD, Wang L, Wang L, Sun J, Wang JJ, Wei DD. Mitochondrial coding genes mediate insecticide tolerance in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105763. [PMID: 38458663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), an invasive insect pest infesting fruits and vegetables, possesses a remarkable capacity for environmental adaptation. The investigation of behind mechanisms of the stress adaptability in B. dorsalis holds significantly practical relevance. Previous studies on the molecular mechanism underlying stress resistance in B. dorsalis have predominantly focused on nuclear-coding genes, with limited exploration on organelle-coding genes. In this study, we assessed alterations in the mitochondrial physiological parameters of B. dorsalis under exposure to malathion, avermectin, and beta-cypermethrin at LD50 dosages. The results showed that all three insecticides were capable of reducing mitochondrial complex IV activity and ATP content. Expression patterns of mitochondrial coding genes across different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide exposures were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results revealed that these mitochondrial coding genes were expressed in various tissues and at different developmental stages. Particularly noteworthy, atp6, cox2, and cytb exhibited substantial up-regulation in response to malathion and avermectin treatment. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of atp6 and cox2 resulted in the increased toxicity of malathion and avermectin against B. dorsalis, and cox2 silencing was also associated with the decreased complex IV activity. These findings suggest that atp6 and cox2 most likely play pivotal roles in mediating tolerance or resistance to malathion and avermectin in B. dorsalis. Our results provide novel insights into the role of mitochondrial coding genes in conferring tolerance to insecticides in B. dorsalis, with practical implications for controlling this pest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Die Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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31
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Wang H, Xia B, Wang H, Wan B, Zhong L, Xin T. Fatty Acid Elongase Gene PcELO7 is Essential for Lipid Accumulation and Fecundity of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2100-2108. [PMID: 38240608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been proposed as a promising strategy for sustainable and ecofriendly pest control. The insect cuticle lipids were deposited on the body surface and functioned as a defense against chemical xenobiotics. They consisted of aliphatic compounds, including free fatty acids (FFAs). However, elongase of very long chain fatty acids (ELOs) is essential for FFA biosynthesis; the function of ELO is still unknown in many arthropods, including Panonychus citri (P. citri). In this study, three ELOs were cloned. Developmental-specific mRNA expression results revealed that three PcELOs were highly expressed in egg and adult females. Whereas PcELO7 was dominantly expressed in adult females. Under spirobudiclofen stress, ELOs mRNA expression had different changes, and PcELO7 was down-regulated. The silencing of PcELO7 resulted in a dramatic reduction of oviposition and hatchability. Significant reduction of FFA contents was also examined within PcELO7-repressed P. citri. In addition, we found that PcELO7 mRNA levels were related to fecundity and could affect triacylglycerol (TG) contents. The findings demonstrated that the introduction of dsPcELO7 via oral feeding induced the RNA interference-mediated silencing of a special target gene and could result in mortality and reproduction. In conclusion, PcELO7 is a special RNAi target for P. citri control, and its lethal mechanism might be disturbing lipids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Development & Service Center for Agriculture and Rural Industry of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
| | - Tianrong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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Saito T, Buitenhuis R. Integration of the Generalist Predator Nabis americoferus (Hemiptera: Nabidae) in a Greenhouse Strawberry Biocontrol Program with Phytoseiid Predatory Mites and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. INSECTS 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38249058 PMCID: PMC10817059 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In strawberry production, western flower thrips (WFT) and two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) inflict feeding damage and reduce the yield. Biological control for these pests often includes phytoseiid predatory mites and entomopathogenic fungi. The hemipteran family Nabidae have been reported as prominent predators in open-field strawberry. Nabis americoferus Carayon is a new biocontrol agent developed in Canada. This study examined if this species was a good candidate for integration with biological control for greenhouse strawberry production. The laboratory trials showed that Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot were compatible with N. americoferus, especially when alternative food was available. In contrast, the nabid was not compatible with the Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) GHA strain. A greenhouse cage study was conducted to determine if it was beneficial to add N. americoferus to the phytoseiid-mites-based biological control program for WFT and TSSM in greenhouse strawberry. The release of N. americoferus on a banker plant together with the placement of sachets of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) was beneficial, not only potentially reducing the number of sachet applications, but also providing better pest control than phytoseiid mites alone. Neither the phytoseiids nor the N. americoferus numbers were significantly affected by the presence of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Saito
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada;
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Song L, Fu W, Li W, Liu L, Wang S. The influence of high-temperature frequency variation on the life-history traits of pyridaben-sensitive and -resistant strains of Tetranychus truncatus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:109-122. [PMID: 38172470 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With a generally warming global climate, the number of Tetranychus truncatus specimens in the Hexi region in China has been increasing. As ectotherms, the growth and development of T. truncatus are greatly affected by changes in environmental temperature. The effect of heatwaves on organisms depends on a delicate balance between damage and repair periods. Therefore, we simulated nine patterns of periodically recurring changes in the frequency of high-temperature days using an intraday gradual temperature change model to study and compare the effects on the development and reproduction of pyridaben-sensitive and -resistant strains of T. truncatus. The results showed that the influence of the frequency of high-temperature days on developmental stages, longevity and fecundity was different between the two strains. The egg and immature stages of the sensitive strain were all affected by hot days, whereas the adult stage was less affected by the frequency. The egg stage of the resistant strain was less affected; it was mainly affected in the immature and adult stages. Under the moderate condition of increasing the proportion of days at normal temperature, the longevity of the resistant strain gradually increased and reached a maximum at a 1:3 frequency, and then it decreased with the increase in high-temperature days. The longevity of the sensitive strain was less affected by frequency, and there was no significant difference between most treatment and control groups. In addition, both sensitive and resistant strains were able to complete growth and development under all nine frequencies of high-temperature days, but the reproductive rate was lower than it was at normal temperatures, indicating that both strains of T. truncatus adapted to high temperatures at the expense of reduced reproduction rates. This lays a key theoretical foundation for predicting the occurrence of agricultural pest populations under the background of climate warming and developing appropriate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Song
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Wenhua Fu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Senshan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Vandenhole M, Lu X, Tsakireli D, Mermans C, De Rouck S, De Beer B, Simma E, Pergantis SA, Jonckheere W, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T. Contrasting roles of cytochrome P450s in amitraz and chlorfenapyr resistance in the crop pest Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 164:104039. [PMID: 37992878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of amitraz and chlorfenapyr resistance remain only poorly understood for major agricultural pests and vectors of human diseases. This study focusses on a multi-resistant field strain of the crop pest Tetranychus urticae, which could be readily selected in the laboratory to high levels of amitraz and chlorfenapyr resistance. Toxicity experiments using tralopyril, the active toxophore of chlorfenapyr, suggested decreased activation as a likely mechanism underlying resistance. Starting from the same parental strain, transcriptome profiling revealed that a cluster of detoxifying genes was upregulated after amitraz selection, but unexpectedly downregulated after chlorfenapyr selection. Further functional validation associated the upregulation of CYP392A16 with amitraz metabolism and the downregulation of CYP392D8 with reduced activation of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril. Genetic mapping (QTL analysis by BSA) was conducted in an attempt to unravel the genetic mechanisms of expression variation and resistance. This revealed that chlorfenapyr resistance was associated with a single QTL, while 3 QTLs were uncovered for amitraz resistance. Together with the observed contrasting gene expression patterns, we argue that transcriptional regulators most likely underly the distinct expression profiles associated with resistance, but these await further functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xueping Lu
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitra Tsakireli
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Catherine Mermans
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Rouck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eba Simma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Vontas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
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Reichert MB, Schneider JR, Wurlitzer WB, Ferla NJ. Impacts of cultivar and management practices on the diversity and population dynamics of mites in soybean crops. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:41-59. [PMID: 38036759 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and population dynamics of mites in soybean crops with different cultivars and management practices. The study was conducted in two soybean production fields in the municipalities of Mato Queimado (L1) and Três de Maio (L2), Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Two transgenic cultivars were used, and insecticide applications varied among treatments. Sampling began at the V2 stage, with 60 leaves/area/collection that were sorted, mites were collected and identified using dichotomous keys. A total of 18,100 mites belonging to 12 species were found. Among the species, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Mononychellus planki (McGregor), and Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Tetranychidae) were the most abundant, whereas the most abundant predatory mites were the phytoseiids Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark and Muma, with N. idaeus being more abundant and present in all areas. The acarofauna was influenced by environmental conditions and management practices. Neoseiulus idaeus was commonly associated with populations of M. planki, T. ludeni, and T. urticae. Neoseiulus californicus tolerated pesticide use but was affected by severe water stress, whereas N. idaeus tolerated periods of low relative humidity and high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliza Beatris Reichert
- Curso de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, FAHOR-Faculdade Horizontina, Campus Arnoldo Schneider, Horizontina, RS, 98920-000, Brasil
| | - Julia Renata Schneider
- Laboratório de Acarologia, UNIVATES-Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Labacari, Lajeado, RS, 95913- 528, Brasil.
- PPG em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brasil.
| | - Wesley Borges Wurlitzer
- Laboratório de Acarologia, UNIVATES-Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Labacari, Lajeado, RS, 95913- 528, Brasil
- PPG em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brasil
| | - Noeli Juarez Ferla
- Laboratório de Acarologia, UNIVATES-Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Labacari, Lajeado, RS, 95913- 528, Brasil
- PPG em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brasil
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Li Z, Wang L, Yi T, Liu D, Li G, Jin DC. The nuclear receptor gene E75 plays a key role in regulating the molting process of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:1-11. [PMID: 38112881 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor gene Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), as the component of ecdysone response genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, has important regulatory function for insect molting. However, the regulatory function of E75 during the molting process of spider mites is not yet clear. In this study, the expression pattern of E75 in the molting process of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was analyzed. The results showed that there was a peak at 8 h post-molting, followed by a decline 8 h after entering each respective quiescent stage across various developmental stages. During the deutonymph stage, the expression dynamics of E75, observed at 4-h intervals, indicated that the transcript levels of TuE75 peaked at 24 h, coinciding with the onset of molting in the mites. To investigate the function of TuE75 during the molting process, silencing TuE75 through dsRNA injection into deutonymph mites at the age of 8 h yielded a notable outcome: 78% of the deutonymph mites were unable to progress to the adult stage. Among these phenotypic mites, 37% were incapable of transitioning into the quiescent state and eventually succumbed after a certain period. An additional 41% of the mites successfully entered the quiescent state but encountered difficulties in shedding the old epidermis, leading to eventual mortality. In summary, these results suggested that TuE75 plays a key role in the molting process of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Moniuszko H, Puchalska E, Mikowska K, Wójcik-Gront E, Popek R, Lewandowski M, Przybysz A. Is there a downside to plant ecological services in the city? Influences of particulate matter on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) foraging on the small-leaved lime in urban conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167567. [PMID: 37802333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine how particulate matter (PM) pollution affects the life history of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), in modelled urban conditions. For this purpose, experimental populations of TSSM were cultured on the foliage of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) contaminated with PM at intensities corresponding to differing city zones such as a park, a busy road and an industrial area. The control samples in the study were washed, unpolluted leaves. The spider mite was selected as a model organism due to its cosmopolitan distribution, broad host spectrum, resistance to a variety of pesticides and food-intake mode involving cell-content sucking, while T. cordata is widely planted in cities and has demonstrated a considerable capability for PM capture. Data on the longevity and mortality of particular instars and on female fecundity at different pollution levels were collected and statistically evaluated. Concentrations of PM typical for roads and industrial city zones significantly reduced total female fecundity (avg. 53.9 and 55.9 eggs/female, respectively, vs 79.2 in control), which entailed a slower population increase, while the survival rate of particular developmental instars (P = 0.52) and fertility curves (P = 0.19) remained unchanged. The presence of PM caused physiological effects in the mites, despite the lack of direct consumption of the pollutant by adult and juvenile instars. Considering the incomparable resilience of TSSM to unfavourable environmental factors, it is predicted that the detrimental influence of PM on other representatives of urban arthropods may be even more severe. The results suggest that there is a need for further investigations into the ecological ramifications of air purification provided by urban green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moniuszko
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Mikowska
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Wójcik-Gront
- Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Vandenhole M, Mermans C, De Beer B, Xue W, Zhao Y, Ozoe Y, Liu G, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A glutamate-gated chloride channel as the mite-specific target-site of dicofol and other diphenylcarbinol acaricides. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1160. [PMID: 37957415 PMCID: PMC10643420 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicofol has been widely used to control phytophagous mites. Although dicofol is chemically related to DDT, its mode of action has remained elusive. Here, we mapped dicofol resistance in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae to two genomic regions. Each region harbored a glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) gene that contained a mutation-G314D or G326E-known to confer resistance against the unrelated acaricide abamectin. Using electrophysiology assays we showed that dicofol and other diphenylcarbinol acaricides-bromopropylate and chlorobenzilate-induce persistent currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type T. urticae GluCl3 receptors and potentiate glutamate responses. In contrast, the G326E substitution abolished the agonistic activity of all three compounds. Assays with the wild-type Drosophila GluClα revealed that this receptor was unresponsive to dicofol. Homology modeling combined with ligand-docking confirmed the specificity of electrophysiology assays. Altogether, this work elucidates the mode of action of diphenylcarbinols as mite-specific agonists of GluCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Mermans
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wenxin Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yilan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Blvd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yoshihisa Ozoe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Genyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Blvd, Wuhan, China
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
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Njiru C, Saalwaechter C, Mavridis K, Vontas J, Geibel S, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T. The complex II resistance mutation H258Y in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B causes fitness penalties associated with mitochondrial respiratory deficiency. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4403-4413. [PMID: 37394630 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acaricides cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide inhibit the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex II [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex]. A target site mutation H258Y was recently discovered in a resistant strain of the spider mite pest Tetranychus urticae. H258Y causes strong cross-resistance between cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide, but not cyflumetofen. In fungal pests, fitness costs associated with substitutions at the corresponding H258 position that confer resistance to fungicidal SDH inhibitors have not been uncovered. Here, we used H258 and Y258 near-isogenic lines of T. urticae to quantify potential pleiotropic fitness effects on mite physiology. RESULTS The H258Y mutation was not associated with consistent significant changes of single generation life history traits and fertility life table parameters. In contrast, proportional Sanger sequencing and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction showed that the frequency of the resistant Y258 allele decreased when replicated 50:50 Y258:H258 experimentally evolving populations were maintained in an acaricide-free environment for approximately 12 generations. Using in vitro assays with mitochondrial extracts from resistant (Y258) and susceptible (H258) lines, we identified a significantly reduced SDH activity (48% lower activity) and a slightly enhanced combined complex I and III activity (18% higher activity) in the Y258 lines. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the H258Y mutation is associated with a high fitness cost in the spider mite T. urticae. Importantly, while it is the most common approach, it is clear that only comparing life history traits and life table fecundity does not allow to reliably estimate fitness costs of target site mutations in natural pest populations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Njiru
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sven Geibel
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rode PA, Bizarro GL, Spohr GA, Malmann D, Schussler M, Ferla NJ. Mite fauna on apples in southern Brazil - Review and perspectives. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20231113. [PMID: 37909572 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320221113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is among the largest apple producers in the world (Malus domestica Bork, Rosaceae), with production concentrated mainly in the southern of the country. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) have economic importance in apple and, recently, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae), was reported in Brazil. This review aims to delineate the distribution of the acarofauna associated to apple, with emphasis on the main groups of economic importance and their potential natural enemies and highlight the problems related to phytophagous species and management possibilities. Searches were carried out in databases, and the principal keywords were Aculus schlechtendali, Malus domestica and Panonychus ulmi. After the exclusion criteria resulted 166 publications. The social and economic importance of the apple has been increasing on the world, however, due to environmental imbalance, phytophagous mites are increasing their populations and acquiring resistance against acaricides. Panonychus ulmi has been reported in America for decades, being of economic importance for Brazil and the record of A. schlechtendali alerts to the possibility of damage in orchards in the country. Therefore, it is important that the literature be evaluated, that the mite species are identified and that forms of conscious management are developed. Prioritizing the human and animal health and environmental balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A Rode
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Avenida Avelino Talini, 171, Universitário, 95914-014 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L Bizarro
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme André Spohr
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Malmann
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Schussler
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Noeli Juarez Ferla
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Laboratório de Acarologia, Tecnovates, Rua Alberto Muller, 1151, Carneiros, 95913-528 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari/Univates, Avenida Avelino Talini, 171, Universitário, 95914-014 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Berman TS, Izraeli Y, Lalzar M, Mozes-Daube N, Lepetit D, Tabic A, Varaldi J, Zchori-Fein E. RNA Viruses Are Prevalent and Active Tenants of the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2060-2072. [PMID: 37020129 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many arthropod species harbor a diverse range of viruses. While much is known about pathogenic viruses of some economically important insects and arthropods involved in disease transmission, viruses associated with mites have rarely been studied. The main objective of this study was to characterize the virome of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Phytoseiidae), a predatory mite commercially used worldwide for the biological control of the key pest Tetranychus urticae (Tetranichidae). A combination of de novo transcriptome assembly and virion sequencing, revealed that RNA viruses are highly prevalent and active tenants of commercial populations of P. persimilis, comprising on average 9% of the mite's total mRNA. Seventeen RNA viruses dominated the mite's virome (i.e., were highly transcribed) with over half (n = 10) belonging to the order Picornavirales, + ssRNA viruses that infect a large range of hosts, including arthropods. Screening of the 17 dominant virus sequences in P. persimilis and T. urticae revealed that three viruses (two Picornavirales of the families Iflaviridae and Dicistroviridae, and one unclassified Riboviria) are unique to P. persimilis and three others (two unclassified Picornavirales and one unclassified Riboviria) are present in both mite species. Most of the sequences were related to viruses previously documented in economically important arthropods, while others have rarely been documented before in arthropods. These findings demonstrate that P. persimilis, like many other arthropods, harbors a diverse RNA virome, which might affect the mite's physiology and consequently its efficiency as a biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Sarah Berman
- Department of Entomology, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Yehuda Izraeli
- Department of Entomology, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishai, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Lalzar
- Bioinformatics Service Unit, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netta Mozes-Daube
- Department of Entomology, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - David Lepetit
- Laboratoire de Biométrie Et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Julien Varaldi
- Laboratoire de Biométrie Et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- Department of Entomology, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishai, Israel.
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Wei P, Zeng X, Han H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He L. Alternative splicing of a carboxyl/choline esterase gene enhances the fenpropathrin tolerance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1255-1266. [PMID: 36544383 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides, and cytochrome P450s, carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability. The activity of CCEs can be upregulated, downregulated, or modified by mutation. However, few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs. We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus: a long version (CCE23-V1) and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1 (CCE23-V2). Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear. Overexpression of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant T. cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23-V2. The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down (43.2% ± 3.3%) via injection of CCE23-dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure; however, the downregulation of CCE23-V1 (61.3% ± 6.3%) by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect, indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23-V1. The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin (50% lethal dose [LD50 ] = 19.47 μg/g) was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies (LD50 = 13.11 μg/g). Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a "gate" that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2, might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules. These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23. Generally, our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haonan Han
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Uzun Yiğit A. Auto-dissemination of Cordyceps fumosorosea amongst adult females of the two-spotted spider mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:279-290. [PMID: 37787901 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is an important pest worldwide. The auto-dissemination of spores of entomopathogenic fungi from an infected individual to conspecifics may be important for controlling pests that can build high populations. The current study was carried out to determine the auto-dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea strain PFs-1 (Priority®) between T. urticae females. The study consisted of four experiments. First, the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus bioassays was assessed in Petri dishes (experiment 1) and on potted bean plants (experiment 2). In the auto-dissemination trials (experiments 3 and 4, in Petri dishes and on potted plants, respectively), contaminated adult females (1-5) were released among uncontaminated females (10 individuals). All experiments were carried out separately, and observations were made on days 3, 5, and 7. In exp. 1, the control was different from Priority on all observation days. In exp. 2, the average number of surviving individuals in the control was significantly higher than in the Priority treatment. In the auto-dissemination experiments, as the number of contaminated individuals increased, the mortality rate of uncontaminated individuals also increased, in exp. 3 (Petri dishes) on all observation days, and in exp. 4 (potted plants) only on days 5 and 7. The median lethal time (LT50) decreased as the number of individuals contaminated with Priority increased in both Petri dish and pot trials. Consequently, the effectiveness of biological control may increase with the occurrence of indirect contamination from infected to uncontaminated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Uzun Yiğit
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, 32200, Turkey.
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Wang L, Li Z, Yi T, Li G, Smagghe G, Jin D. Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Halloween Gene Spook Plays an Important Role in the Oviposition Process of Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14797. [PMID: 37834248 PMCID: PMC10573261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the ecdysteroid hormone regulates development and reproduction. However, its function in the reproduction process of spider mites is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Halloween gene Spook on the oviposition of the reproduction process in a spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The expression patterns of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes, as analyzed by RT-qPCR, showed that the expression pattern of the Halloween genes was similar to the oviposition pattern of the female mite and the expression patterns of the vitellogenesis-related genes TuVg and TuVgR, suggesting that the Halloween genes are involved in the oviposition of spider mites. To investigate the function of the ecdysteroid hormone on the oviposition of the reproduction process, we carried out an RNAi assay against the Halloween gene Spook by injection in female mites. Effective silencing of TuSpo led to a significant reduction of oviposition. In summary, these results provide an initial study on the effect of Halloween genes on the reproduction in T. urticae and may be a foundation for a new strategy to control spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Wu M, Zhang Y, Tian T, Xu D, Wu Q, Xie W, Zhang Y, Crickmore N, Guo Z, Wang S. Assessment of the role of an ABCC transporter TuMRP1 in the toxicity of abamectin to Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105543. [PMID: 37666614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of pest resistance threatens the sustainable utilization of bioinsecticides such as abamectin, and so deciphering the molecular mechanisms affecting toxicity and resistance is essential for their long-term application. Historical studies of abamectin resistance in arthropods have mainly focused on mechanisms involving the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) targets, with the role of metabolic processes less clear. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a generalist herbivore notorious for rapidly developing resistance to pesticides worldwide, and abamectin has been widely used for its control in the field. After reanalyzing previous transcriptome and RNA-seq data, we here identified an ABC transporter subfamily C gene in T. urticae named multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (TuMRP1), whose expression differed between susceptible and resistant populations. Synergism bioassays with the inhibitor MK-571, the existence of a genetic association between TuMRP1 expression and susceptibility to abamectin, and the effect of RNA interference mediated silencing of TuMRP1 were all consistent with a direct role of this transporter protein in the toxicity of abamectin. Although ABC transporters are often involved in removing insecticidal compounds from cells, our data suggest either an alternative role for these proteins in the mechanism of action of abamectin or highlight an indirect association between their expression and abamectin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Neil Crickmore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Dong F, Chen X, Men X, Li Z, Kong Y, Yuan Y, Ge F. Contact Toxicity, Antifeedant Activity, and Oviposition Preference of Osthole against Agricultural Pests. INSECTS 2023; 14:725. [PMID: 37754693 PMCID: PMC10531909 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Osthole, the dominant bioactive constituent in the Cnidium monnieri, has shown acute pesticidal activities. However, its detailed toxicity, antifeedant, and oviposition preference effects against agricultural pests have not been fully understood, limiting its practical use. This study aimed to investigate the contact toxicity, antifeedant activity, and oviposition preference of osthole against three agricultural pests (Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, and Bactrocera dorsalis). Our results showed that the Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (CMC) has a high osthole content of 11.4 mg/g. Osthole exhibited a higher level of acute toxicity against the T. urticae to four other coumarins found in CMC. It showed significant pesticidal activity against T. urticae and M. persicae first-instar nymphs and adults in a dose-dependent manner but not against B. dorsalis adults. Osthole exposure reduced the fecundity and prolonged the developmental time of the T. urticae and M. persicae. Leaf choice bioassays revealed potent antifeedant activity in the T. urticae and M. persicae. Furthermore, the female B. dorsalis showed a distinct preference for laying eggs in mango juice with 0.02 mg/mL osthole at 48 h, a preference that persisted at 96 h. These results provide valuable insights into the toxicity, repellent activity, and attractant activity of osthole, thereby providing valuable insights into its potential efficacy in pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China;
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yujun Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Yiyang Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Feng Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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48
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Ayllón-Gutiérrez R, López-Maldonado EA, Macías-Alonso M, González Marrero J, Díaz-Rubio L, Córdova-Guerrero I. Evaluation of the Stability of a 1,8-Cineole Nanoemulsion and Its Fumigant Toxicity Effect against the Pests Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2023; 14:663. [PMID: 37504669 PMCID: PMC10380510 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pest control is a main concern in agriculture. Indiscriminate application of synthetic pesticides has caused negative impacts leading to the rapid development of resistance in arthropod pests. Plant secondary metabolites have been proposed as a safer alternative to conventional pesticides. Monoterpenoids have reported bioactivities against important pests; however, due to their high volatility, low water solubility and chemical instability, the application of these compounds has been limited. Nanosystems represent a potential vehicle for the broad application of monoterpenoids. In this study, an 1,8-cineole nanoemulsion was prepared by the low energy method of phase inversion, characterization of droplet size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI) was carried out by dynamic light scattering and stability was evaluated by centrifugation and Turbiscan analysis. Fumigant bioactivity was evaluated against Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci. A nanoemulsion with oil:surfactant:water ratio of 0.5:1:8.5 had a droplet size of 14.7 nm and PDI of 0.178. Formulation was stable after centrifugation and the Turbiscan analysis showed no particle migration and a delta backscattering of ±1%. Nanoemulsion exhibited around 50% more bioactivity as a fumigant on arthropods when compared to free monoterpenoid. These results suggest that nanoformulations can provide volatile compounds of protection against volatilization, improving their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ayllón-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | | | - Mariana Macías-Alonso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico
| | - Joaquín González Marrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico
| | - Laura Díaz-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Iván Córdova-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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49
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Shen GM, Ma T, Chen XR, Chen L, Liu GM, Jie LY, Adang M, He L. Retinoid X receptor 1 is a specific lethal RNAi target disturbing chitin metabolism during hatching of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125458. [PMID: 37348587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can be developed as an alternative method of chemical pesticides for pest control. In this study, we noticed a specifically expressed gene (retinoid X receptor 1, TcRXR1) in the egg stage of T. cinnabarinus. RNAi was applied to investigate the function of TcRXR1. Results showed that with continuous feeding of dsTcRXR1, the larvae of T. cinnabarinus could still successfully develop to adult, which was in accordance with the low expression of TcRXR1 out of egg stage. High mortality of eggs was observed after eggs were treated with dsTcRXR1. To investigate the downstream genes of TcRXR1, the RNA samples after successful RNAi of TcRXR1 were analyzed by transcriptome analysis. According to function annotation of differentially expressed genes, 6 genes were selected for their potential function with the phenotype of dsTcRXR1, and among them, a chitinase gene (TcCHT-E) attained a high expression level in the late stage of egg, peaking just after the expression peak of TcRXR1. Mortality of eggs was observed under the effect of dsTcCHT-E as well as dsTcRXR1. In conclusion, TcRXR1 is a specific RNAi target for control of T. cinnabarinus, and its lethal mechanism might be disturbing chitin metabolism hatching of egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Mao Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Ru Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo-Yan Jie
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Adang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lin He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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50
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Shi L, Zhang P, Xu J, Wu X, Pan X, He L, Dong F, Zheng Y. Systematic assessment of cyflumetofen toxicity in soil-earthworm (Eisenia fetida) microcosms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131300. [PMID: 37002996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyflumetofen was widely applied in agriculture with its excellent acaricidal effect. However, the impact of cyflumetofen on the soil non-target organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the bioaccumulation of cyflumetofen in soil-earthworm systems and the ecotoxicity of earthworms. The highest concentration of cyflumetofen enriched by earthworms was found on the 7th day. Long-term exposure of earthworms to the cyflumetofen (10 mg/kg) could suppress protein content and increases Malondialdehyde content leading to severe peroxidation. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated that catalase and superoxide-dismutase activities were significantly activated while genes involved in related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated. In terms of detoxification metabolic pathways, high concentrations of cyflumetofen stimulated the number of Differentially-Expressed-Genes involved in the detoxification pathway of the metabolism of glutathione. Identification of three detoxification genes (LOC100376457, LOC114329378, and JGIBGZA-33J12) had synergistic detoxification. Additionally, cyflumetofen promoted disease-related signaling pathways leading to higher disease risk, affecting the transmembrane capacity and cell membrane composition, ultimately causing cytotoxicity. Superoxide-Dismutase in oxidative stress enzyme activity contributed more to detoxification. Carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activation play a major detoxification role in high-concentration treatment. Altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of toxicity and defense mechanisms involved in long-term cyflumetofen exposure in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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