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Creasy KT, Ren H, Jiang J, Peterson ML, Spear BT. Elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 ( Elovl3) is activated by ZHX2 and is a regulator of cell cycle progression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G582-G592. [PMID: 37847682 PMCID: PMC10894669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00235.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) are transcriptional regulators of liver gene expression with key functions in embryonic development as well as tissue regeneration in response to damage and disease, presumably through its control of target genes. Previous microarray data suggested that elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 (Elovl3), a member of the ELOVL family of enzymes that synthesize very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), is a putative Zhx2 target gene. VLCFAs are core component of ceramides and other bioactive sphingolipids that are often dysregulated in diseases and regulate key cellular processes including proliferation. Since several previously identified Zhx2 targets become dysregulated in liver damage, we investigated the relationship between Zhx2 and Elovl3 in liver development, damage, and regeneration. Here, using mouse and cell models, we demonstrate that Zhx2 positively regulates Elovl3 expression in the liver and that male-biased hepatic Elovl3 expression is established between 4 and 8 wk of age in mice. Elovl3 is dramatically repressed in mouse models of liver regeneration, and the reduced Elovl3 levels in the regenerating liver are associated with changes in hepatic VLCFAs. Human hepatoma cell lines with forced Elovl3 expression have lower rates of cell growth; analysis of synchronized cells indicates that this reduced proliferation correlates with cells stalling in S-phase and lower mRNA levels of cell cyclins. Taken together, these data indicate that Elovl3 expression helps regulate cellular proliferation during liver development and regeneration, possibly through control of VLCFAs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Numerous targets of the transcription factor Zhx2 are dysregulated in liver disease. We show that the elongase Elovl3 is a novel Zhx2 target. Elovl3 and Zhx2 expression change during liver regeneration, which is associated with changes in very long chain fatty acids. Forced Elovl3 expression reduces cell growth and blocks cell cycle progression. This suggests that Elovl3 may account, at least in part, for the relationship between Zhx2 and proliferation during liver development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Townsend Creasy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jieyun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Martha L Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Brett T Spear
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Klatt KC, Petviashvili EJ, Moore DD. LRH-1 induces hepatoprotective nonessential amino acids in response to acute liver injury. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168805. [PMID: 37009899 PMCID: PMC10065065 DOI: 10.1172/jci168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatic injury is observed in response to various stressors, including trauma, ingestion of hepatic toxins, and hepatitis. Investigations to date have focused on extrinsic and intrinsic signals required for hepatocytes to proliferate and regenerate the liver in response to injury, though there is a more limited understanding of induced stress responses promoting hepatocyte survival upon acute injury. In this issue of the JCI, Sun and colleagues detail a mechanism by which local activation of the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) directly induces de novo asparagine synthesis and expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to injury and show that this response restrains hepatic damage. This work opens up several avenues for inquiry, including the potential for asparagine supplementation to ameliorate acute hepatic injury.
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Xu W, Du X, Li J, Zhang Z, Ma X, Luo D, Xiao M, Sun Q. SiNiSan alleviates liver injury by promoting hepatic stem cell differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153969. [PMID: 35183930 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SiNiSan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine containing Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Radix Glycyrrhizae, has been shown to be clinically effective in treating liver damage, its underlying molecular mechanisms however remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to understand the molecular mechanisms of SiNiSan in the treatment of liver damage utilizing mice and cell culture models. METHODS Here, mice were gavaged with 0.2% CCl4 to obtain acute liver injury model and with alcohol to obtain chronic liver injury model. H&E staining was performed to detect liver histomorphology. HPLC-MS was performed to analyze the composition of SiNiSan decoction and SiNiSan-medicated serum (SMS). In addition, western blots were done to analyze the representative protein expression in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Immunofluorescence staining was done to analyze the protein levels in WB-F344 cells. Finally, in an attempt to measure the influence of SiNiSan on liver regeneration in rats, we constructed a rats partial hepatectomy models. RESULTS We demonstrated that SiNiSan treatment mitigated liver damage in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in serum AST and ALT levels, as well as improved liver tissue morphology. HPLC-MS results showed that SMS contained a variety of components from the SiNiSan decoction. Next, our results showed that SMS reduced the expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and enhanced the expression of albumin (ALB) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in WB-F344 cells. Further, SMS treatment induced the accumulation of β-catenin. After 14 days of SMS treatment, β-catenin protein underwent nuclear translocation and bound to the LEF1 receptor in the nucleus, which regulated c-Myc and Cyclin D1 factors to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoted differentiation of WB-F344 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that SiNiSan increased liver regeneration in rat hepatectomy. CONCLUSION Collectively, the current study revealed that SiNiSan alleviated the acute liver injury induced by CCl4 as well as the chronic liver damage triggered by alcohol and sucrose in vitro. Concurrently, SMS treatment induced hepatic stem cell differentiation by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. Further study showed that SiNiSan promoted the regeneration of rats liver. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of liver-related diseases with SiNiSan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xia Du
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Guan Q, Gong T, Lu ZM, Geng Y, Duan W, Ren YL, Zhang XJ, Chai LJ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cereal Vinegar Sediment in Acute Liver Injury Mice and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 8:798273. [PMID: 35004825 PMCID: PMC8740290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal vinegar sediment (CVS) is a natural precipitate formed during the aging process of traditional grain vinegar. It has been used as Chinese traditional medicine, while its composition and function are reported minimally. In this study, we measured CVS in terms of saccharide, protein, fat and water content, and polyphenol and flavonoid content. Furthermore, we determined the amino acids, organic acids, and other soluble metabolites in CVS using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), HPLC, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platforms. The hepatoprotective effect of CVS was evaluated in acute CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Administration of CVS for 7 days prior to the CCl4 treatment can significantly decrease liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, compared with those in the hepatic injury model group. The gut microbiota was changed by CCl4 administration and was partly shifted by the pretreatment of CVS, particularly the Muribaculaceae family, which was increased in CVS-treated groups compared with that in the CCl4 administration group. Moreover, the abundances of Alistipes genus and Muribaculaceae family were correlated with the liver ALT, AST, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Our results illustrated the composition of CVS and its hepatoprotective effect in mice, suggested that CVS could be developed as functional food to prevent acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Lin Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Chai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Bademci R, Erdoğan MA, Eroğlu E, Meral A, Erdoğan A, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Demonstration of the protective effect of ghrelin in the livers of rats with cisplatin toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2178-2187. [PMID: 34151639 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211026722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the various and newly developed chemotherapeutic agents in recent years, cisplatin is still used very frequently as a chemotherapeutic agent, even though cisplatin has toxic effects on many organs. The aim of our study is to show whether ghrelin reduces the liver toxicity of cisplatin in the rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were chosen to be utilized in the study. Group 1 rats (n = 7) were taken as the control group, and no medication was given to them. Group 2 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 1 ml/kg/day of 0.9% NaCl, Group 3 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 10 ng/kg/day ghrelin, Group 4 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 20 ng/kg/day ghrelin for 3 days. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver biopsy results were measured in rats. It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. In histopathological examination, it was determined that the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver was reduced with a low dose of ghrelin, and its histopathological appearance was similar to normal liver tissue when given a high dose of ghrelin. These findings show that ghrelin, especially in high doses, can be used to reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bademci
- Department of General Surgery, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Erdoğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 485550Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Eroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, 64117Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Meral
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, 64162Yuzuncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - A Erdoğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Cigli Regional Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ö Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bakdemir M, Çetin E. Hepatoprotective effects of ethyl pyruvate against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histological alterations in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:359-366. [PMID: 31314597 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1640254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic injury in rats. The administration of a single dose of CCl4 (1.6 g/kg body weight) significantly elevated the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. In addition, CCl4 was found to significantly suppress the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. All of these parameters were restored to their normal levels by the administration of EP before and after the CCl4 injection. Moreover, the number of positive apoptotic hepatocytes had significantly increased in the CCl4 group but decreased in rats treated with EP along with CCl4. Histopathological changes induced by CCl4 were also ameliorated by EP treatment. These findings provided evidence that EP, because of its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic action, could protect rat liver against CCl4-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miraç Bakdemir
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Çetin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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7
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Chen J, Wang X, Xia T, Bi Y, Liu B, Fu J, Zhu R. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications of dihydromyricetin in liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111927. [PMID: 34339914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that dihydromyricetin (DHM) has prominent therapeutic effects on liver injury and liver cancer. By summarizing the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, the present review examines the preventive and therapeutic effects of DHM on liver disorders as well as its potential mechanisms. Briefly, in both chemical- and alcohol-induced liver injury models, DHM ameliorates hepatocyte necrosis and steatosis while promoting liver regeneration. In addition, DHM can alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via regulating lipid/glucose metabolism, probably due to its anti-inflammatory or sirtuins-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, DHM treatment inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and autophagy and regulates redox balance in liver cancer cells, thus exhibiting remarkable anti-cancer effects. The pharmacological mechanisms of DHM may be associated with its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and apoptosis-regulatory benefits. With the accumulating interests in utilizing natural products to target common diseases, our work aims to improve the understanding of DHM acting as a novel drug candidate for liver diseases and to accelerate its translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Chen
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xitong Wang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Tian Xia
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China
| | - Yanhua Bi
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, China.
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8
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Guo Y, Cui Q, Ren S, Hao D, Morikawa T, Wang D, Liu X, Pan Y. The hepatoprotective efficacy and biological mechanisms of three phenylethanoid glycosides from cistanches herba and their metabolites based on intestinal bacteria and network pharmacology. J Nat Med 2021; 75:784-797. [PMID: 34003414 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), acteoside (ACT), and isoacteoside (ISAT), the typical phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in cistanches herba, have various pharmacological activities. However, the ECH, ACT and ISAT have extremely low oral bioavailability, which is related to their metabolism under the intestinal flora. Previous studies showed that intestinal metabolites were the hepatoprotective substances in vivo, but the research on whether PhGs has effects without intestinal bacteria has not been studied. In this paper, ECH, ACT and ISAT were incubated with human or rat intestinal bacteria for 36 h. After incubating with human bacteria for 36 h, three prototype compounds were not detected and were mainly biotransformed to 3-HPP and HT. In the network pharmacology, a total of 6 common targets were obtained by analysing the prototypes, the metabolites and the liver injury. It was found that the combinations of three metabolites and common targets were more stable than those of the prototypes and common targets by molecular docking. Meanwhile, hepatocellular apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and oxidative responses might play important roles in the mechanisms of the metabolites exerting hepatoprotective activities. Then normal and pseudo-sterile mice experiments were adopted to further compare the hepatoprotective activities of prototypes and metabolites. Animal experiment results showed that the prototypes and the metabolites in the normal mice had significantly hepatoprotective activity. Interestingly, in the pseudo-germfree mice, the metabolites showed significant hepatoprotective effect, but the prototypes had not effect. It indicated that the prototype cannot exert liver protective activity without the effect of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Deguo Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Joint Research Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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9
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Feng XH, Xu HY, Wang JY, Duan S, Wang YC, Ma CM. In vivo hepatoprotective activity and the underlying mechanism of chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula fruit. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153479. [PMID: 33561764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. is one of the most widely used herbal drug in Traditional medicine prescriptions including those for liver diseases. In the screening of bioactive constituents that have potential hepatoprotective activity, chebulinic acid (CA) which is a major chemical constituent of T. chebula fruit showed potent activity. PURPOSE This work was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective activity and mechanisms of CA. METHODS The hepatoprotective effect of CA was examined on hepatotoxic models of cells, zebrafish larvae and mice caused by tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (t-BHP), acetaminophen (APAP) and CCl4, respectively. RESULTS Pretreatment with CA could prevent t-BHP-induced damage in L-02 hepatocytes by blocking the production of ROS, reducing LDH levels and enhancing HO-1 and NQO1 expression via MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. In animal experiments, CA significantly protected mice from CCl4-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by reduced ALT, AST and MDA levels, enhanced SOD activity, improved liver histopathological changes, and the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. CA metabolized to chebulic acid isomers with DPPH radical scavenging activity. In a transgenic zebrafish line with liver specific expression of DsRed RFP, CA diminished the hepatotoxicity induced by 10 mM APAP. CONCLUSION Experiments in cell and two animal models demonstrated consistent results and comprehensively expounded the hepatoprotective effects of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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10
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Jahan A, Shams S, Ali S, Samrana S, Ali A, Adhikari A, Sajid M, Ali A, Ali H. Govaniadine Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Kupffer Cell Activation in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2462-2472. [PMID: 33553864 PMCID: PMC7859953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases such as hepatic carcinoma are one of the main health problems worldwide. Herbal drugs are largely used to treat liver injury in the indigenous system of medicine and may provide lead compounds for hepatoprotective drug discovery. The present study is investigated to test the Corydalis govaniana Wall. extract, fraction, and isolate therapeutically active constituents to explore their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. For this purpose, the antioxidant activity of govaniadine, caseadine, caseamine, and protopine was performed by assessing the scavenging events of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Hepatoprotection of govaniadine was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) caused by CCl4-induced liver injury in rats and by histopathological techniques. All the compounds showed significant antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 92.2, 86.7, 85.3, and 79.7, respectively, compared to propyl gallate 90.3%. Treatment with govaniadine reduced the serum enzyme level down to normal levels in the CCl4-treated group while inhibiting the increase of malondialdehyde, and the induction of superoxide dismutase and the glutathione level was upregulated. Histopathology showed ∼47% damage to the liver cells in the CCl4-treated group; reduction in this damaged area was found to be better upon using govaniadine. Immunohistochemistry results showed that govaniadine as compared to silymarin has exceedingly decreased the inflammation by halting the CCl4-induced activation of hepatic macrophages. In carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, govaniadine significantly alleviated the edema after 1-5 h at a dose of 20 mg/kg (26.00 and 28.5%), 50 mg/kg (22.05 and 27.0%), and 100 mg/kg (20.02 and 25.30%), respectively. The results of our experiments suggest that govaniadine showed antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity in liver injury. The hepatoprotective function of govaniadine may be associated to the scavenging of the free radical and attenuation of oxidative stress as well as inflammatory responses in the liver. Hence, govaniadine may be a lead compound for the hepatoprotective drug discovery process and further research is needed to find out their molecular mechanism of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Jahan
- Department
of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shams
- Department
of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Department
of Physics, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samrana Samrana
- College
of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department
of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Central Department
of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department
of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- College
of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department
of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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11
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Yamakawa Y, Doi T, Naitou Y, Kawai H, Mitsumoto A, Kudo N, Kawashima Y. A single pretreatment with clofibric acid attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis, but not steatosis, in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111591. [PMID: 32739454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a single pretreatment with clofibric acid suppresses liver injury in rats after CCl4 intoxication. Rats received a single pretreatment with clofibric acid (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to a CCl4 (1 mL/kg, p.o.) challenge, and were euthanized 24 h after the CCl4 administration. A single pretreatment with clofibric acid effectively suppressed increases in the serum aminotransferase activities and the severity of necrosis following the CCl4 challenge, whereas the pretreatment did not protect against CCl4-induced fatty liver. The clofibric acid pretreatment did not affect blood concentrations of CCl4 in the early stage after CCl4 dosing, or the level of the CCl4 reaching the liver 1 h after the CCl4 challenge. Moreover, the clofibric acid pretreatment did not affect the intensity of the covalent binding of the [14C]CCl4 metabolite to microsomal proteins and lipids. The clofibric acid pretreatment did not alter microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 activity. Based on these results, we conclude that protection against CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis by a clofibric acid pretreatment does not require its repeated administration, and that a single and brief pre-exposure to clofibric acid prior to CCl4 dosing markedly suppresses necrosis without affecting the development and progression of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamakawa
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Takaaki Doi
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Naitou
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Kudo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kawashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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12
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Frank D, Savir S, Gruenbaum BF, Melamed I, Grinshpun J, Kuts R, Knyazer B, Zlotnik A, Vinokur M, Boyko M. Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32420997 DOI: 10.3791/60695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic failure, which is characterized by severe liver dysfunction including complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and impaired protein synthesis. Appropriate animal models are vital to test the mechanism and pathophysiology of ALI and investigate different hepatoprotective strategies. Due to its ability to perform chemical transformations, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used in the liver to induce ALI through the formation of reactive oxygen species. CCl4 exposure can be performed intraperitoneally, by inhalation, or through a nasogastric or orogastric tube. Here, we describe a rodent model, in which ALI is induced by CCl4 exposure through an orogastric tube. This method is inexpensive, easily performed, and has minimal hazard risk. The model is highly reproducible and can be widely used to determine the efficacy of potential hepatoprotective strategies and assess markers of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Shiri Savir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | | | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Julia Grinshpun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Ruslan Kuts
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Max Vinokur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev;
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13
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Sayan M, Karabulut D, Özdamar S. Assessment of the protective and therapeutic effect of melatonin against thioacetamide-induced acute liver damage. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22450. [PMID: 31967703 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic damage to the liver may occur through alcohol, drugs, viruses, genetic disorders, and toxicity. In this study, we planned to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin (Mel) by causing damage to the liver with thioacetamide (TAA). Thirty-five rats were used. Group I: control group (seven pieces), group II: Mel group (seven pieces) the single dose on the first day of the experiment was 10 mg/kg, group III: TAA (seven pieces) 300 mg/kg with 24-hour intervals, two doses, group IV: Mel + TAA group (seven pieces) 10 mg/kg single dose Mel was applied 24 hours before TAA application, group V: TAA + Mel group (seven pieces) single dose (24th hour) of 10 mg/kg Mel was administered after TAA (300 mg/kg) two doses. The liver histology was evaluated. Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis markers in tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in blood serum samples and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were determined in liver tissue. TAA affected histologically the classical lobule structure both in cell cords and sinusoids. Caspase-3, RIP3, and LC3 levels were increased in group III compared with the control group. TAA did not cause a statistically significant change in TNF-α level but decreased the TGF-β level significantly. AST and ALT levels were statistically significant in group II and V compared with group I, the ALP level was significant in group IV compared with group II. The results of this study showed that TAA caused significant damage to tissues and increased cell death, Mel was found to have more therapeutic than the protective effect on tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Sayan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saim Özdamar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pamukkale University, Kayseri, Turkey
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14
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Hu K, Xu J, Fan K, Zhou D, Li L, Tang L, Peng X, Zhang L, Wang Y. Nuclear accumulation of pyruvate kinase M2 promotes liver regeneration via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Life Sci 2020; 250:117561. [PMID: 32198052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a unique isoform of the pyruvate kinases, not only acts as a crucial metabolic enzyme when it locates in the cytoplasm, but also plays important roles in tumor formation and growth when it accumulates in the nuclei. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of PKM2 in liver regeneration in mice insulted with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). MATERIAL AND METHODS The liver regeneration model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for 48 h in male BALB/c mice. The expression of PKM2, phospho-STAT3, STAT3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1 were evaluated by western blot. The distribution of PKM2 was verified by immunofluorescence staining. The degree of injured region was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The proliferation of liver cells was tested by Immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS The nuclear accumulation of PKM2 increased in the liver treated with CCl4, but treatment with ML-265 significantly suppressed CCl4-induced nuclear accumulation of PKM2. In addition, treatment with ML-265 suppressed the level of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), reduced the count of Ki67-positive hepatocytes, and expanded the damaged region in histological examination. Meanwhile, treatment with ML-265 suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Inhibition of STAT3 by stattic made the same effects as ML-265. SIGNIFICANCE These data uncovered the role of nuclear PKM2 in liver regeneration and the pro-proliferation effects of nuclear PKM2 may be through targeting its downstream transcription factor STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kerui Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianwen Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Zhao L, Liang J, Rao W, Cui M, Ren S, Zhang L, Xu D, Han Q, Zang YJ, Zhang B. Cross-regulation by TLR4 and T cell Ig mucin-3 determines severity of liver injury in a CCl4-induced mouse model. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12851. [PMID: 31733121 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a common pathological basis for a variety of acute liver diseases in the clinic, which can eventually lead to liver fibrosis and even liver failure. In this study, we found that T cell Ig and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) and TLR4 receptors play important roles in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Tim-3 is a negative regulator that is expressed by T cells and macrophages. Using antibodies against Tim-3 (anti-Tim-3 Ab), we studied the Tim-3 signal in an animal model of acute liver injury and found that a large number of inflammatory factors were upregulated. In vitro experimental data shown that anti-Tim-3 Ab treatment increased interferon-ɣ production by concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated spleen T cells, and we found that the expression level of interleukin (IL)-6 was increased in a macrophage/spleen T cell coculture system, while administration of galectin-9 (Gal-9, a Tim-3 ligand) reduced the IL-6 production. This indicates the importance of the Tim-3/Gal-9 signalling pathway in maintaining hepatic homeostasis. The Tim-3 signalling pathway inhibits TLR4-mediated NF-κB activity, and an anti-Tim-3 Ab does not affect the liver injury in TLR4-deficient mice. Regulation between Tim-3 and TLR4 determines the severity of liver damage. The negative regulation of Tim-3 reflects the protective mechanisms of patients with impaired liver function, and these results provide important information about innate and adaptive responses in the regulation of liver damage. This finding is potentially important for the study of early liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengli Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shurong Ren
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Jin Zang
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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17
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Zhang WY, Hu XF, Wan N, Zhang JF, Yang P, Wen Q, Chen WJ, Zhu F, Liang ML, Cheng LX, Shu YW. Protective effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:386-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Olive oil combined with Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuates liver apoptosis and inflammation induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Serairi Beji R, Ben Mansour R, Bettaieb Rebey I, Aidi Wannes W, Jameleddine S, Hammami M, Megdiche W, Ksouri R. Does Curcuma longa root powder have an effect against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a protective and curative approach. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:181-189. [PMID: 30815309 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate potentially protective and curative effects of Curcuma longa root (turmeric) powder on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Turmeric was administered before (preventive effect) or after (curative effect) treatment with CCl4. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels were 26.35 mg GAE/g and 12.35 mg CE/g, respectively. Using HPLC analysis, turmeric powder was rich in curcumin (62.97%), demethoxycurcumin (20.86%) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (16.17%). Curcuma longa powder showed important in vitro antioxidant activities. Results showed that the activities of aspartate aminotransaminase and alanine aminotransaminase, and the levels of bilirubin and serum lipids were increased in CCl4-treated animals. However, total protein and albumin levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased. Turmeric administration, before or after CCl4 treatment, significantly decreased the activities of marker enzymes and lipid levels in serum. Moreover, total protein and albumin contents were restored to nearly normal levels after turmeric administration accompanied with increase of antioxidant enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Serairi Beji
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis, B.P. 176, BabSouika, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ben Mansour
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Iness Bettaieb Rebey
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Aidi Wannes
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- 3Unité de recherche 03/UR/08-05, Fibrose pulmonaire: Prévention et traitement, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wided Megdiche
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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20
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Dietary functional flavonoids as natural hepatoprotective agents against acute liver injury from hop (Humulus lupulus L.). J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Lin D, Sun Z, Jin Z, Lei L, Liu Y, Hu B, Wang B, Shen Y, Wang Y. Matrix Remodeling Associated 7 Deficiency Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:773. [PMID: 29720975 PMCID: PMC5915751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) was first noted to co-express with a group of matrix remodeling related genes, and its biological functions had remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the presumed function of MXRA7 in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury model in mice. Wild-type, MXRA7−/− mice, and mice that were pulsed with hydrodynamic injection of vehicle or MXRA7-harboring plasmids were challenged with a single dose of CCl4 for injury induction. The sera, spleens, and livers were harvested from mice for assay of cytokines/chemokines expression, cellular responses, or histological features. We found that MXRA7 deficiency alleviated, and MXRA7 overexpression aggravated liver damage in CCl4-challenged mice. FACS analysis showed that MXRA7 deficiency reduced the recruitment of neutrophils through downregulation the expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in liver, decreased the number of CD8+ T cells in liver and spleen, suppressed the release of IFNγ and TNFα from T cells, and decreased IFNγ in serum and liver. Western blot assay demonstrated that MXRA7 deficiency suppressed the activation of MAPK pathway and AKT/NF-κB pathway, respectively. Lastly, MXRA7 deficiency or overexpression regulated the expression of two matrix remodeling-related genes (fibronectin and TIMP1) in the liver. We concluded that MXRA7 was an active player in CCl4-induced liver injury, hypothetically by mediating the inflammation or immune compartments and matrix remodeling processes. Further exploration of MXRA7 as a possible new therapeutic target for management of inflammation-mediated liver injury was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Benfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Saad RA, EL-Bab MF, Shalaby AA. Attenuation of acute and chronic liver injury by melatonin in rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A. Saad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fath EL-Bab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir A. Shalaby
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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23
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Takemura S, Azuma H, Osada-Oka M, Kubo S, Shibata T, Minamiyama Y. S-allyl-glutathione improves experimental liver fibrosis by regulating Kupffer cell activation in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G150-G163. [PMID: 28971836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00023.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) is one of the metabolites of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a component of garlic. DAS has shown preventative effects on carcinogenesis in animal models. However, whether synthetic SAG can improve liver fibrosis has not been investigated. We examined the potential preventive effects of SAG on acute and chronic models of liver fibrosis by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. SAG inhibited liver fibrogenesis induced by CCl4 in a dose-dependent manner and reduced heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific chaperone, and other fibrosis markers. In fibrosis regression models, after administration of either CCl4 for 9 wk or dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) for 6 wk, SAG markedly accelerated fibrolysis in both models. In the regression stage of DMN-treated liver, SAG normalized the ratio of M2 phenotype (expression of mannose receptor) in Kupffer cells (KCs). Consistent with these results, the culture supernatants of SAG-treated M2-phenotype KCs inhibited collagen-α1(I) chain (COL1A1) mRNA expression in primary culture-activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, SAG did not directly inhibit HSC activation. In an acute model of CCl4 single injection, SAG inhibited hepatic injury dose dependently consistent with the inhibited the elevation of the bilirubin and ALT levels. These findings suggest that SAG could improve the fibrogenic and fibrolysis cascade via the regulation of excess activated and polarized KCs. SAG may also serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent in fibrosis of other organs for which current clinical therapy is unavailable. NEW & NOTEWORTHY S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) is a metabolite of diallyl sulfide, a component of garlic. SAG increased hepatic glutathione levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio in normal rats. SAG treatment before or after liver fibrosis from chronic CCl4 administration improved liver fibrosis and regression. SAG decreased heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific chaperone, and other fibrosis markers in CCl4-treated livers. SAG-treated Kupffer cell conditioned medium also inhibited collagen-α1(I) chain (COL1A1) mRNA expression and other markers in primary culture hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Takemura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hideki Azuma
- Department of Applied and Bioapplied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yukiko Minamiyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan.,Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
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Salam OMA, Sleem AA, Omara EA, Hassan NS. Effect of Ribavirin Alone or Combined with Silymarin on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A. Omara
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Qi HY, Li L, Ma H. Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:625-654. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Qi
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
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Alshammari GM, Balakrishnan A, Chinnasamy T. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid attenuates the carbon tetra chloride-induced hepatotoxicity and its lipid abnormalities in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:753-763. [PMID: 28560522 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Liver inflammation stimulates various inflammatory cytokines and initiates injury through oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to curtaile the liver injury through natural principles such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (HMBA). METHODS The current study examines the hepatoprotective and lipid lowering effect of HMBA against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4)-mediated liver toxicity in male Wistar rats. RESULTS The hepatoprotective effects of HMBA against CCl4-induced liver damage, were evident from low serum transaminases activities, reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and collagen content, restoration of total glutathione, and recouping of the inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 levels. Further it was found that the treatment of HMBA, significantly lowered (P<0.01) the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids in serum and liver. To investigate the mechanism behind the hepatoprotective and lipid lowering effect, the activities of heme oxygenase (HO1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured and expression levels were quantified through western blot following HMBA administration. The results showed that HMBA administration significantly decreased the activity of HO1 (P<0.001), and increased the activity of MPO (P<0.001); further similar finding was observed in western analysis. The hepatoprotective, lipid lowering and shifting key defensive enzyme activities are similar to that of standard drug such as N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION HMBA is competent of shielding liver from CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, and this is associated with the lipid lowering, inflammatory cytokine restoration and induction of defensive enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Adipocytes and Metabolic Disorders Lab, Food Science and Nutrition Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aristatile Balakrishnan
- Adipocytes and Metabolic Disorders Lab, Food Science and Nutrition Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy
- Adipocytes and Metabolic Disorders Lab, Food Science and Nutrition Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Adebayo AH, Yakubu OF, Adegbite OS, Okubena O. Haematopoietic induction and hepatic protective roles of Hepacare® in CCl4-induced hepatic damaged rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Al-Tamimi J, Alhazza IM, Al-Khalifa M, Metwalli A, Rady A, Ebaid H. Potential effects of samsum ant, Brachyponera sennaarensis, venom on TNF-α/NF-κB mediated inflammation in CCL4-toxicity in vivo. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:198. [PMID: 27863485 PMCID: PMC5116174 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ant venom shows antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activities, both in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have confirmed the role of samsum ant venom (SAV) as a powerful antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate whether SAV as a potential treatment for CCl4-induced acute liver toxicity in an animal (rat) model. Methods Thirty-two rats were assigned into four groups; the first one served as the control. The second group received a single dose of 1 ml/kg CCl4 in a 1:1 ratio with olive oil through an intraperitoneal injection. The third group received a single dose of 1 ml/kg CCl4 and then treated with SAV at a dose of 100 μg SAV twice a week for three weeks. The fourth group received a dose of 100 μg SAV only twice a week for three weeks. ELISA, RT-PCR and histopathological examinations were applied. Results Results showed that antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in the diseased animals. SAV was found to significantly restore the oxidative stability in diseased animals. ELISA estimation and RT-PCR analysis also showed significant upregulation of both nuclear factor (κB) NF-κB and inhibitor (κB) IκB, respectively, in the diseased animals compared to the normal ones. The expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and pro-apoptotic receptor (Fas) were also significantly up-regulated in the diseased rats. Interestingly, SAV was found to significantly restore NF-κB, IκB and TNF-α in the diseased rats to the normal values. As a result, liver enzymes, serum proteins and lipid concentrations were significantly improved by SAV in CCl4-animals in comparison with the control ones. Moreover, SAV obviously improved the hepatic tissues of the same group was. Conclusion SAV treatment restores the normal biochemical and oxidative stability by improving the TNF-α/NF-κB mediated inflammation in CCL4-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al-Khalifa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Metwalli
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Citrate functionalized Mn 3O 4 in nanotherapy of hepatic fibrosis by oral administration. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO146. [PMID: 28116129 PMCID: PMC5242211 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To test the potential of orally administered citrate functionalized Mn3O4 nanoparticles (C-Mn3O4 NPs) as a therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis and associated chronic liver diseases. Materials & methods: C-Mn3O4 NPs were synthesized and the pH dependent antioxidant mechanism was characterized by in vitro studies. CCl4 intoxicated mice were orally treated with C-Mn3O4 NPs to test its in vivo antioxidant and antifibrotic ability. Results: We demonstrated ultrahigh efficacy of the C-Mn3O4 NPs in treatment of chronic liver diseases such as hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in mice compared with conventional medicine silymarin without any toxicological implications. Conclusion: These findings may pave the way for practical clinical use of the NPs as safe medication of chronic liver diseases associated with fibrosis and cirrhosis in human subjects. Hepatic fibrosis is a common response to chronic liver injury from a number of causes including alcohol, toxin, and persistent viral and helminthic infections, which may ultimately lead to hepatic carcinoma. Although billions of people are affected throughout the world, there is no drug available for treatment of this chronic disease. Here, in a preclinical study, we have shown that oral administration of citrate functionalized Mn3O4 nanoparticles can effectively reduce the extent of liver fibrosis in mice. We have also predicted the underlying therapeutic mechanism that involves mitochondria and antioxidant systems of the body.
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Yu Y, Sun X, Gu J, Yu C, Wen Y, Gao Y, Xia Q, Kong X. Deficiency of DJ-1 Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis through Inhibition of Hepatic ROS Production and Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1225-1235. [PMID: 27766037 PMCID: PMC5069444 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a global health problem and previous studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in fibrogenesis. Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (Park7) also called DJ-1 has an essential role in modulating cellular ROS levels. DJ-1 therefore may play functions in liver fibrogenesis and modulation of DJ-1 may be a promising therapeutic approach. Here, wild-type (WT) and DJ-1 knockout (DJ-1 KO) mice were administrated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce liver fibrosis or acute liver injury. Results showed that DJ-1 depletion significantly blunted liver fibrosis, accompanied by marked reductions in liver injury and ROS production. In the acute CCl4 model, deficiency of DJ-1 showed hepatic protective functions as evidenced by decreased hepatic damage, reduced ROS levels, diminished hepatic inflammation and hepatocyte proliferation compared to WT mice. In vitro hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation assays indicated that DJ-1 has no direct effect on the activation of HSCs in the context of with or without TGFβ treatment. Thus our present study demonstrates that in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, DJ-1 deficiency attenuates mice fibrosis by inhibiting ROS production and liver injury, and further indirectly affecting the activation of HSCs. These results are in line with previous studies that ROS promote HSC activation and fibrosis development, and suggest the therapeutic value of DJ-1 in treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Department of liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Department of liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xin Y, Wei J, Chunhua M, Danhong Y, Jianguo Z, Zongqi C, Jian-An B. Protective effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice through suppression of inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:583-588. [PMID: 27161399 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is one of the principal cellular energy sensors participating in maintenance of energy balance but recent evidences also suggested that AMPK might be involved in the regulation of inflammation. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) was used to investigate the potential roles of AMPK in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepato-toxicity. The experimental data indicated that treatment with Rg1 significantly decreased the elevation of plasma aminotransferases and alleviated hepatic histological abnormalities in CCl4-exposed mice. Treatment with Rg1 also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the induction of TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4. These effects were associated with suppressed nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Rg1 effectively suppressed the inflammatory responses and alleviated liver damage induced by CCl4, implying that AMPK activation might be beneficial for ameliorating inflammation-based liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Jiang Wei
- Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Ma Chunhua
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yu Danhong
- Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou 215003, PR China
| | - Zhu Jianguo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Cheng Zongqi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Bao Jian-An
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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Lu Y, Hu D, Ma S, Zhao X, Wang S, Wei G, Wang X, Wen A, Wang J. Protective effect of wedelolactone against CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hepatoprotective effect of grape seed oil against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver of γ-irradiated rat. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:1-10. [PMID: 27085796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and ionizing radiation are well known environmental pollutants that generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress. The liver is the primary and major target organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs, toxic chemicals and affected by irradiation. This study investigated the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in γ-irradiated rats (7Gy). CCl4-intoxicated rats exhibited an elevation of ALT, AST activities, IL-6 and TNF-α level in the serum. Further, the levels of MDA, NO, NF-κB and the gene expression of CYP2E1, iNOS and Caspase-3 were increased, and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GST activities and GSH content were decreased. Furthermore, silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) gene expression was markedly down-regulated. Additionally, alterations of the trace elements; copper, manganese, zinc and DNA fragmentation was observed in the hepatic tissues of the intoxicated group. These effects were augmented in CCl4-intoxicated-γ-irradiated rats. However, the administration of GSO ameliorated these parameters. GSO exhibit protective effects on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in γ-irradiated rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The induction of the antioxidant enzymes activities, down-regulation of the CYP2E1, iNOS, Caspase-3 and NF-κB expression, up-regulation of the trace elements concentration levels and activation of SIRT1 gene expression are responsible for the improvement of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in the hepatic tissues and could be claimed to be the hepatoprotective mechanism of GSO.
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Maes M, Vinken M, Jaeschke H. Experimental models of hepatotoxicity related to acute liver failure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 290:86-97. [PMID: 26631581 PMCID: PMC4691574 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure can be the consequence of various etiologies, with most cases arising from drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Western countries. Despite advances in this field, the management of acute liver failure continues to be one of the most challenging problems in clinical medicine. The availability of adequate experimental models is of crucial importance to provide a better understanding of this condition and to allow identification of novel drug targets, testing the efficacy of new therapeutic interventions and acting as models for assessing mechanisms of toxicity. Experimental models of hepatotoxicity related to acute liver failure rely on surgical procedures, chemical exposure or viral infection. Each of these models has a number of strengths and weaknesses. This paper specifically reviews commonly used chemical in vivo and in vitro models of hepatotoxicity associated with acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
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Zhang RZ, Qiu H, Wang N, Long FL, Mao DW. Effect of Rheum palmatum L. on NF-κB signaling pathway of mice with acute liver failure. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:841-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Moghadam JZ, Mardani PM. Hepatoprotective effects of Portulaca oleracea extract against CCl4-induced damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1042-1051. [PMID: 25472695 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.957783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to afford protection against liver injury, although its actual efficacy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate purslane as a hepatoprotective agent, we investigated the protective effect of its ethanol extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. The first group was maintained as normal control, whereas CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg bw, 50% CCl4 in olive oil, i.p.), purslane extract (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg bw, intragastrically), and purslane extract (five doses as above) along with CCl4 were administered to the Groups II, III-VII, and VIII-XII, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture. Liver damage was assessed by measuring hepatic marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and SOD) and histopathological observation. RESULTS Treatment with CCl4 resulted in increased serum activities of marker enzymes with a concomitant decrease in SOD. Histological alterations were also observed in the liver tissue upon CCl4 treatment. Administration of purslane extract (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg b.w.) significantly showed a marked tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. Histopathological changes also paralleled the detected alteration in markers of liver function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that purslane exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver and supports a potential therapeutic use of purslane as an alternative for patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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Lin D, Lei L, Zhang Y, Hu B, Bao G, Liu Y, Song Y, Liu C, Wu Y, Zhao L, Yu X, Liu H. Secreted IL-1α promotes T-cell activation and expansion of CD11b+Gr1+cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2084-98. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Lei
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Hu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Guangming Bao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Song
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center; Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health; Suzhou Jiangsu China
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Dong D, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Peng J. Naringin prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Tian CC, Zha XQ, Luo JP. A polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanense prevents hepatic inflammatory response caused by carbon tetrachloride. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 29:132-138. [PMID: 26019626 PMCID: PMC4434038 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.987514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium huoshanense is a precious herbal medicine in China, which exhibits a variety of restorative and therapeutic effects. This study aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effects of a polysaccharide (DHP1A) isolated from D. huoshanense via water extraction, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The animal experiment indicated that the oral administration of DHP1A obviously reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the serum of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), suggesting the hepatoprotective potential of this polysaccharide. Moreover, DHP1A decreased the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, CD68 and phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα) in the CCl4-treated mice. These results revealed that the hepatoprotective effect of DHP1A was partly attributed to its anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Tian
- Hefei University of Technology, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei , China ; Bengbu College, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Bengbu , China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- Hefei University of Technology, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei , China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Hefei University of Technology, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei , China
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Chatterjee N, Das S, Bose D, Banerjee S, Jha T, Saha KD. Leishmanial lipid affords protection against oxidative stress induced hepatic injury by regulating inflammatory mediators and confining apoptosis progress. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:499-512. [PMID: 25445725 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of liver injury alters the internal milieu, promotes deregulation of inflammatory factors, and leads to dysplastic lesions like fibrosis, cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Our previous study revealed that leishmanial lipid (pLLD) exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity in sepsis associated hepatic injury. We now show that pLLD gives protection against chemical induced hepatotoxicity in murine system. The beneficial effect of treatment with pLLD on such hepatic injury in mice was analyzed using different assays including ELISA, FACS, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. pLLD significantly suppressed serum enzymes and rectified the histopathological alteration to induce the antioxidant level in CCl4 intoxicated liver. Levels of several growth factors including TGF-β, HGF, and EGF were significantly improved in serum and hepatic tissue with consequent reduction of caspase activities and expressions of Bad, Bax, p53, and NF-κBp65. Moreover, pLLD modulated inflammatory responses by decreasing the production of several cytokines and chemokines, thus preventing the infiltration of immune cells to the damaged area. It accelerated the repair process in liver damage with modulation of signalling cascade via alteration of apoptotic factors. Our experimental approaches suggest that pLLD effectively prevents liver injury mainly through down regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response towards anti-apoptotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Subhadip Das
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Somenath Banerjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India.
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KOBLIHOVÁ E, MRÁZOVÁ I, VERNEROVÁ Z, RYSKA M. Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide: Selection of Optimal Dosage in Wistar and Lewis Rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:491-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with very high mortality rate. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood, which necessitates a search for optimal experimental ALF models with features resembling those of the human disorder. Taking into consideration reproducibility of induction of ALF, adequate animal size, cost of animals, the required time gap between insult and death of animals (“therapeutic window”), potential risk to investigator and other aspects, administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats is currently most recommended. However, the fundamental details of this ALF model have not yet been evaluated. This prompted us to investigate, first, the course of ALF as induced by intraperitoneal TAA at doses increasing from 175 to 700 mg/kg BW per day. The animals’ survival rate, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and bilirubin and ammonia levels were determined over the follow-up period. Second, we examined whether Wistar and Lewis rats exhibit any differences in the course of ALF induced by different TAA doses. We found that the optimal dose for ALF induction in rats is 350 mg.kg-1 i.p., given as a single injection. Wistar rats proved more susceptible to the development of TAA-induced ALF compared with Lewis rats. Collectively, our present findings provide a sound methodological background for experimental studies aimed at evaluation of pathophysiology and development of new approaches in the therapy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. KOBLIHOVÁ
- Department of Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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YE SUNYI, ZHANG CHENXI, ZHOU JIE, CHENG JUN, LV ZHEN, ZHOU LIN, XIE HAIYANG, WU JIAN, ZHENG SHUSEN. Human heat shock protein 27 exacerbates ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by reducing the number of T regulatory cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1998-2002. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim DW, Cho HI, Kim KM, Kim SJ, Choi JS, Kim YS, Lee SM. Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside Protects against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:406-12. [PMID: 24009828 PMCID: PMC3762273 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae), against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 h after CCl4 (20 μl/kg) injection. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher after CCl4 treatment, and these increases were attenuated by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. CCl4 markedly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-α level, which was reduced by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and their mRNA expression levels were significantly increased after CCl4 injection. The levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were augmented by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, while isorhamnetin- 3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases in iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression levels. CCl4 increased the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside reduced these increases. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activating protein-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were signifi cantly increased after CCl4 administration. Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases of NF-κB and c-Jun nuclear translocation, while it augmented the nuclear level of Nrf2. These results suggest that isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside ameliorates CCl4-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing the inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Zhu R, Zeng G, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Liu J, Chen H, Li M. Oroxylin A accelerates liver regeneration in CCl₄-induced acute liver injury mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71612. [PMID: 23951204 PMCID: PMC3738530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the previous research that oroxylin A can suppress inflammation, we investigated the hepatoprotective role of oroxylin A against CCl4-induced liver damage in mice and then studied the possible alteration of the activities of cytokine signaling participating in liver regeneration. Wild type (WT) mice were orally administrated with oroxylin A (60 mg/kg) for 4 days after CCl4 injection, the anti-inflammatory effects of oroxylin A were assessed directly by hepatic histology and indirectly by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Albumin. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was performed to evaluate the role of oroxylin A in promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Serum IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1Ra levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liver HGF, EGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1Ra and IL-1β gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The data indicated that the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA of oroxylin A administered group significantly increased higher than the control within 12 hours after CCl4 treatment. Meanwhile, oroxylin A significantly enhanced the expression of IL-1Ra at the early phase, which indicated that oroxylin A could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration by increasing IL-1Ra which acts as an Acute-Phase Protein (APP). In addition, a lethal CCl4-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in oroxylin A treated WT mice. However, oroxylin A could not significantly improve the percent survival of IL-1RI−/− mice with a lethal CCl4-induced acute liver failure. Conclusions Our study confirmed that oroxylin A could strongly promote liver structural remodeling and functional recovery through IL-1Ra/IL-1RI signaling pathway. All these results support the possibility of oroxylin A being a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guofang Zeng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinqin Chen
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hege Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (HC)
| | - Mingyi Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (HC)
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Biochanin A protects against acute carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:909-16. [PMID: 23649249 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone found in red clover possessing multiple pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer ones. The present study aimed to assess its hepatoprotective potential at different doses in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The effects on hepatic injury were explored by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total proteins, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were determined. The metabolic capacity of the liver was assessed by measuring changes in cytochrome P450 2E1 activity. The underlying mechanisms were substantiated by measuring oxidative stress markers as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation, as well as inflammation markers such as nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and leukocyte-common antigen. The results were confirmed by histopathological examination, and the median lethal dose was determined to confirm the safety of the drug. BCA successively protected against CCl4-induced damage, normalizing many parameters to that of the control group. The study indicates that BCA possesses multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions.
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Zhang S, Lu B, Han X, Xu L, Qi Y, Yin L, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. Protection of the flavonoid fraction from Rosa laevigata Michx fruit against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 55:60-9. [PMID: 23279844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protective effect of the total flavonoids (TFs) from Rosa laevigata Michx fruit against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice was investigated. Pretreatment with TFs significantly decreased CCl4-induced elevation of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities as well as the relative liver weight. Histopathological observation also revealed that TFs reduced the incidence of liver lesions and improved hepatocyte abnormality. Moreover, oral administration of TFs significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), increased the content of glutathione and decreased the content of malondialdehyde. Further research indicated that TFs prevented the DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations caused by CCl4 based on TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays. Moreover, pretreatment with TFs down-regulated the protein expressions of CYP2E1, iNOS, NF-κB, Bak and Caspase-3. Quantitative Real-time PCR assay suggested that TFs markedly decreased the levels of TNF-α, Fas/FasL and Bax gene expressions, and increased the level of Bcl-2. This is the first time to report the significant hepatoprotective effect of TFs from R. laevigata Michx fruit against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice and the action should be through reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
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Huang HL, Wang YJ, Zhang QY, Liu B, Wang FY, Li JJ, Zhu RZ. Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6605-13. [PMID: 23236235 PMCID: PMC3516202 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of baicalein against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in mice.
METHODS: Mice were orally administered with baicalein after CCl4 injection, and therapeutic baicalein was given twice a day for 4 d. The anti-inflammation effects of baicalein were assessed directly by hepatic histology and serum alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase measurement. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to evaluate the effect of baicalein in promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liver IL-6, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) genes expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: CCl4-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in baicalein-treated mice. The data indicated that the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased within 12 h after CCl4 treatment in baicalein administration groups, but at 24, 48 and 72 h, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was kept at lower levels compared with the control. The expression of TGF-α, HGF and EGF was enhanced dramatically in baicalein administration group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, we found that baicalein significantly elevated the serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 at the early phase, which indicated that baicalein could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration.
CONCLUSION: Baicalein may be a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury. Baicalein accelerates liver regeneration by regulating TNF-α and IL-6 mediated pathways.
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Gruenbaum BF, Boyko M, Delgado B, Douvdevany A, Gruenbaum SE, Melamed I, Gideon M, Cesnulis E, Shapira Y, Zlotnik A. Cell-free DNA as a potential marker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. Hepatol Int 2012. [PMID: 26201806 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Finding an optimal biomarker for the noninvasive evaluation of acute liver injury (ALI) may be of great value in predicting clinical outcomes and investigating potential treatments. We investigated cell-free DNA (CFD) as a potential biomarker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI in rats. METHODS Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. ALI was induced by carbon tetrachloride via a nasogastric tube at 1, 2.5, or 5 ml/kg of a 50 % solution. Fifteen additional rats underwent a sham procedure. Blood samples were drawn at time t which was 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h for the measurements of CFD, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and total bilirubin. Prothrombin time and histology were examined at 24 and 120 h following injection of 5 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride in 18 additional rats and in 10 control rats. RESULTS CFD levels in rats subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI were significantly increased in all blood samples starting at 12 h after the induction of ALI (p < 0.001), reaching peak levels at 24 h. Blood GOT, GPT, and total bilirubin were elevated in all blood samples starting at 3 h after the induction of ALI (p < 0.0001), reaching peak levels by 48 h. A positive correlation was demonstrated between CFD levels and GOT (R (2) = 0.92), GPT (R (2) = 0.92), and total bilirubin (R (2) = 0.76). CFD levels correlated with liver damage seen on histological examination, as well as predicted liver damage, at 24 h after ALI. CONCLUSIONS CFD may be a useful biomarker for the prediction and measurement of ALI. There is no evidence to suggest that CFD is superior to other available noninvasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fredrick Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Bertha Delgado
- Department of Pathology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Douvdevany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shaun Evan Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Micky Gideon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Evaldas Cesnulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoram Shapira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Zira A, Kostidis S, Theocharis S, Sigala F, Engelsen SB, Andreadou I, Mikros E. 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach in a rat model of acute liver injury and regeneration induced by CCl4 administration. Toxicology 2012; 303:115-24. [PMID: 23146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) has been established as a model of toxin-induced acute and chronic liver injury. In the present study, we investigate the progression of the biochemical response to acute CCl(4)-induced liver injury, capturing metabolic variations during both toxic insult and regeneration using NMR-based metabonomic analysis of liver tissue and plasma. A single dose of CCl(4) (1 mL/kg BW) was intraperitoneally administered to male Wister rats sacrificed every 12h up to 72 h post treatment, while healthy animals served as controls. Acquired (1)H NMR spectra of liver tissue extracts and plasma samples were explored with multivariate analysis and the resulted models were correlated with conventional biochemical and histopathological indices of toxicity for monitoring the progression of experimental injury. The metabonomic analysis resulted in discrimination between the subjects under toxic insult (up to 36 h) and those at the regenerative phase (peaked at 48 h). At 72 h normalization of liver's pathology similar to the controls group was apparent. Principal component analysis (PCA) trajectories highlighted the time points of the greater degree of toxic insult and the regenerative state. A number of metabolites such as glucose, lactate, choline, formate exhibited variations suggesting CCl(4) induced impairment in essential biochemical pathways as energy metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and transmethylation reactions. The latter provides new evidence of B12 and folate pathways deficiency, indicative of new mechanistic implications possibly by direct inhibition of B12 dependent enzymes by the chlorinated radicals of CCl(4) metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Zira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Zhang H, Yu CH, Jiang YP, Peng C, He K, Tang JY, Xin HL. Protective effects of polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46574. [PMID: 23029551 PMCID: PMC3461010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is one of main compounds in Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant with both medicinal and nutritional value. The possible hepatoprotective effects of polydatin on acute liver injury mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (50 µl/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), also a marked enhancement in the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclearfactor-kappa B (NF-κB). On the other hand, decreased glutathione (GSH) content and activities of glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed following CCl4 exposure. Nevertheless, all of these phenotypes were evidently reversed by preadministration of polydatin for 5 continuous days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were enhanced further by polydatin. These results suggest that polydatin protects mice against CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant stress and antiinflammatory effects. Polydatin may be an effective hepatoprotective agent and a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
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