1
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Rezaeian AH, Wei W. Molecular signaling and clinical implications in the human aging-cancer cycle. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:28-42. [PMID: 39197809 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
It is well documented that aging is associated with cancer, and likewise, cancer survivors display accelerated aging. As the number of aging individuals and cancer survivors continues to grow, it raises additional concerns across society. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of aging in tissues is essential to developing effective therapies to fight the aging and cancer diseases in cancer survivors and cancer patients. Indeed, cellular senescence is a critical response, or a natural barrier to suppress the transition of normal cells into cancer cells, however, hypoxia which is physiologically required to maintain the stem cell niche, is increased by aging and inhibits senescence in tissues. Interestingly, oxygen restriction or hypoxia increases longevity and slows the aging process in humans, but hypoxia can also drive angiogenesis to facilitate cancer progression. In addition, cancer treatment is considered as one of the major reasons that drive cellular senescence, subsequently followed by accelerated aging. Several clinical trials have recently evaluated inhibitors to eliminate senescent cells. However, some mechanisms of aging typically can also retard cancer cell growth and progression, which might require careful strategy for better clinical outcomes. Here we describe the molecular regulation of aging and cancer in crosstalk with DNA damage and hypoxia signaling pathways in cancer patients and cancer survivors. We also update several therapeutic strategies that might be critical in reversing the cancer treatment-associated aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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2
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Joudeh LA, Logan Schuck P, Van NM, DiCintio AJ, Stewart JA, Waldman AS. Progerin Can Induce DNA Damage in the Absence of Global Changes in Replication or Cell Proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601729. [PMID: 39005395 PMCID: PMC11244969 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by features of accelerated aging, and individuals with HGPS seldom live beyond their mid-teens. The syndrome is commonly caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene which codes for lamin A and its splice variant lamin C, components of the nuclear lamina. The mutation causing HGPS leads to production of a truncated, farnesylated form of lamin A referred to as "progerin." Progerin is also expressed at low levels in healthy individuals and appears to play a role in normal aging. HGPS is associated with an accumulation of genomic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and alterations in the nature of DSB repair. The source of DSBs in HGPS is often attributed to stalling and subsequent collapse of replication forks in conjunction with faulty recruitment of repair factors to damage sites. In this work, we used a model system involving immortalized human cell lines to investigate progerin-induced genomic damage. Using an immunofluorescence approach to visualize phosphorylated histone H2AX foci which mark sites of genomic damage, we report that cells engineered to express progerin displayed a significant elevation of endogenous damage in the absence of any change in the cell cycle profile or doubling time of cells. Genomic damage was enhanced and persistent in progerin-expressing cells treated with hydroxyurea. Overexpression of wild-type lamin A did not elicit the outcomes associated with progerin expression. Our results show that DNA damage caused by progerin can occur independently from global changes in replication or cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza A. Joudeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - P. Logan Schuck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Nina M. Van
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Alannah J. DiCintio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Jason A. Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - Alan S. Waldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
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3
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Chatsirisupachai K, de Magalhães JP. Somatic mutations in human ageing: New insights from DNA sequencing and inherited mutations. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102268. [PMID: 38490496 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of somatic mutations is a driver of cancer and has long been associated with ageing. Due to limitations in quantifying mutation burden with age in non-cancerous tissues, the impact of somatic mutations in other ageing phenotypes is unclear. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed the large-scale quantification of somatic mutations in ageing tissues. These studies have revealed a gradual accumulation of mutations in normal tissues with age as well as a substantial clonal expansion driven mostly by cancer-related mutations. Nevertheless, it is difficult to envision how the burden and stochastic nature of age-related somatic mutations identified so far can explain most ageing phenotypes that develop gradually. Studies across species have also found that longer-lived species have lower somatic mutation rates, though these could be due to selective pressures acting on other phenotypes such as perhaps cancer. Recent studies in patients with higher somatic mutation burden and no signs of accelerated ageing further question the role of somatic mutations in ageing. Overall, with a few exceptions like cancer, recent DNA sequencing studies and inherited mutations do not support the idea that somatic mutations accumulating with age drive ageing phenotypes, and the phenotypic role, if any, of somatic mutations in ageing remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasit Chatsirisupachai
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, UK.
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4
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Jagaraj CJ, Shadfar S, Kashani SA, Saravanabavan S, Farzana F, Atkin JD. Molecular hallmarks of ageing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:111. [PMID: 38430277 PMCID: PMC10908642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, severely debilitating and rapidly progressing disorder affecting motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Unfortunately, there are few effective treatments, thus there remains a critical need to find novel interventions that can mitigate against its effects. Whilst the aetiology of ALS remains unclear, ageing is the major risk factor. Ageing is a slowly progressive process marked by functional decline of an organism over its lifespan. However, it remains unclear how ageing promotes the risk of ALS. At the molecular and cellular level there are specific hallmarks characteristic of normal ageing. These hallmarks are highly inter-related and overlap significantly with each other. Moreover, whilst ageing is a normal process, there are striking similarities at the molecular level between these factors and neurodegeneration in ALS. Nine ageing hallmarks were originally proposed: genomic instability, loss of telomeres, senescence, epigenetic modifications, dysregulated nutrient sensing, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and altered inter-cellular communication. However, these were recently (2023) expanded to include dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation and dysbiosis. Hence, given the latest updates to these hallmarks, and their close association to disease processes in ALS, a new examination of their relationship to pathophysiology is warranted. In this review, we describe possible mechanisms by which normal ageing impacts on neurodegenerative mechanisms implicated in ALS, and new therapeutic interventions that may arise from this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Jones Jagaraj
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sara Assar Kashani
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Fabiha Farzana
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- MND Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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5
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de Magalhães JP. Distinguishing between driver and passenger mechanisms of aging. Nat Genet 2024; 56:204-211. [PMID: 38242993 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding why we age is a long-standing question, and many mechanistic theories of aging have been proposed. Owing to limitations in studying the aging process, including a lack of adequate quantitative measurements, its mechanistic basis remains a subject of debate. Here, I explore theories of aging from the perspective of causal relationships. Many aging-related changes have been observed and touted as drivers of aging, including molecular changes in the genome, telomeres, mitochondria, epigenome and proteins and cellular changes affecting stem cells, the immune system and senescent cell buildup. Determining which changes are drivers and not passengers of aging remains a challenge, however, and I discuss how animal models and human genetic studies have been used empirically to infer causality. Overall, our understanding of the drivers of human aging is still inadequate; yet with a global aging population, elucidating the causes of aging has the potential to revolutionize biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro de Magalhães
- Genomics of Ageing and Rejuvenation Lab, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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6
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Joudeh LA, DiCintio AJ, Ries MR, Gasperson AS, Griffin KE, Robbins VP, Bonner M, Nolan S, Black E, Waldman AS. Corruption of DNA end-joining in mammalian chromosomes by progerin expression. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 126:103491. [PMID: 37018982 PMCID: PMC10133198 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by features of accelerated aging and a life expectancy of about 14 years. HGPS is commonly caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene which codes for lamin A, an essential component of the nuclear lamina. The HGPS mutation alters splicing of the LMNA transcript, leading to a truncated, farnesylated form of lamin A termed "progerin." Progerin is also produced in small amounts in healthy individuals by alternative splicing of RNA and has been implicated in normal aging. HGPS is associated with an accumulation of genomic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting alteration of DNA repair. DSB repair normally occurs by either homologous recombination (HR), an accurate, templated form of repair, or by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), a non-templated rejoining of DNA ends that can be error-prone; however a good portion of NHEJ events occurs precisely with no alteration to joined sequences. Previously, we reported that over-expression of progerin correlated with increased NHEJ relative to HR. We now report on progerin's impact on the nature of DNA end-joining. We used a model system involving a DNA end-joining reporter substrate integrated into the genome of cultured thymidine kinase-deficient mouse fibroblasts. Some cells were engineered to express progerin. Two closely spaced DSBs were induced in the integrated substrate through expression of endonuclease I-SceI, and DSB repair events were recovered through selection for thymidine kinase function. DNA sequencing revealed that progerin expression correlated with a significant shift away from precise end-joining between the two I-SceI sites and toward imprecise end-joining. Additional experiments revealed that progerin did not reduce HR fidelity. Our work suggests that progerin suppresses interactions between complementary sequences at DNA termini, thereby shifting DSB repair toward low-fidelity DNA end-joining and perhaps contributing to accelerated and normal aging through compromised genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza A Joudeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alannah J DiCintio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Madeline R Ries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrew S Gasperson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kennedy E Griffin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Victoria P Robbins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Makenzie Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sarah Nolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Emma Black
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alan S Waldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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7
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Wang P, Ouyang J, Jia Z, Zhang A, Yang Y. Roles of DNA damage in renal tubular epithelial cells injury. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1162546. [PMID: 37089416 PMCID: PMC10117683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1162546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of renal diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of most renal diseases is still unclear and effective treatments are still lacking. DNA damage and the related DNA damage response (DDR) have been confirmed as common pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage is one of the most common types of DNA damage involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In recent years, several developments have been made in the field of DNA damage. Herein, we review the roles and developments of DNA damage and DNA damage response in renal tubular epithelial cell injury in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In this review, we conclude that focusing on DNA damage and DNA damage response may provide valuable diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies for renal diseases including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwen Yang, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Yunwen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwen Yang, ; Aihua Zhang,
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8
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Abstract
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, yet why we age remains a hotly contested topic. Most mechanistic explanations of ageing posit that ageing is caused by the accumulation of one or more forms of molecular damage. Here, I propose that we age not because of inevitable damage to the hardware but rather because of intrinsic design flaws in the software, defined as the DNA code that orchestrates how a single cell develops into an adult organism. As the developmental software runs, its sequence of events is reflected in shifting cellular epigenetic states. Overall, I suggest that to understand ageing we need to decode our software and the flow of epigenetic information throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro de Magalhães
- Genomics of Ageing and Rejuvenation Lab, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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Cetkovic T, Haveric A, Behmen S, Hadzic Omanovic M, Caluk Klacar L, Dzaferspahic A, Durmisevic I, Mehanovic M, Haveric S. A pilot biomonitoring study of air pollution in the urban area of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: genotoxicity assessment in buccal cells. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:33-42. [PMID: 36125092 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, recognized as a human carcinogen, is a significant cause of death in industrial and developing countries, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is one of the leading countries for air pollution-caused death rate and has the poorest urban air quality in Europe. Despite a population decrease, urban air pollution in B&H has increased due to traffic pollution and still intensive use of solid fuel for heating and cooking. Human biomonitoring studies, regarding the described air pollution, have not been conducted before, and particularly have not been conducted in the region of Sarajevo. Good health, well-being, and environmental protection are part of the 17 defined Sustainable Development Global Goals. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine baseline levels of DNA damage in a group of Sarajevo citizens and to compare seasonal variations in DNA damage in relation to the reported levels of air pollution. From 33 individuals included in the study, samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay and comet assay in leucocytes isolated from saliva were performed. Mean values and standard deviations of log-transformed tail intensity (%), tail length (µm), and tail moment results in winter were 1.14 ± 0.23, 2.20 ± 0.14, and 1.03 ± 0.29, respectively, while in the summer season those values were 1.19 ± 0.19, 2.25 ± 0.17, and 1.07 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant differences were found for the comet assay parameters. Nevertheless, BMCyt results showed significant increases in micronuclei (P = .008), binuclear cells (P = .04), karyolysis (P = .0003), condensed chromatin (P = .03), and pyknosis (P = .002) in winter. Although the results of comet and BMCyt assays are not in accordance, this study contributes to the human air pollution biomonitoring in Sarajevo, B&H, and based on the genotoxic effects of air pollution evidenced by the BMCyt biomarker further studies of this kind are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cetkovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Behmen
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Dzaferspahic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irma Durmisevic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mahira Mehanovic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Zhao J, Li C, Li Q, Shen S, Hu X, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Xing J. Classification of Signature-Based Phenotypes of Aging-Related Genes to Identify Prognostic and Immune Characteristics in HCC. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:5735339. [PMID: 36994451 PMCID: PMC10042640 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5735339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has become one of the most significant malignancies causing cancer-related mortality, presents genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity that makes predicting prognosis challenging. Aging-related genes have been increasingly reported as significant risk factors for many kinds of malignancies, including HCC. In this study, we comprehensively dissected the features of transcriptional aging-relevant genes in HCC from multiple perspectives. We applied public databases and self-consistent clustering analysis to classify patients into C1, C2, and C3 clusters. The C1 cluster had the shortest overall survival time and advanced pathological features. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was adopted to build the prognostic prediction model based on six aging-related genes (HMMR, S100A9, SPP1, CYP2C9, CFHR3, and RAMP3). These genes were differently expressed in HepG2 cell lines compared with LO2 cell lines measured by the mRNA expression level. The high-risk score group had significantly more immune checkpoint genes, higher tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score, and stronger chemotherapy response. The results indicated that the age-related genes have a close correlation with HCC prognosis and immune characteristics. Overall, the model based on six aging-associated genes demonstrated great prognostic prediction ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- 1Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- 2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Shen
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yize Zhang
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Xing
- 3Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Korec E, Ungrová L, Hejnar J, Grieblová A, Zelená K. Three new genes associated with longevity in the European Bison. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100266. [PMID: 35957660 PMCID: PMC9361326 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evžen Korec
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lenka Ungrová
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Grieblová
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Zelená
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
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12
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Guimera AM, Clark P, Wordsworth J, Anugula S, Rasmussen LJ, Shanley DP. Systems modelling predicts chronic inflammation and genomic instability prevent effective mitochondrial regulation during biological ageing. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111889. [PMID: 35811018 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of mitochondrial turnover under conditions of stress occurs partly through the AMPK-NAD+-PGC1α-SIRT1 signalling pathway. This pathway can be affected by both genomic instability and chronic inflammation since these will result in an increased rate of NAD+ degradation through PARP1 and CD38 respectively. In this work we develop a computational model of this signalling pathway, calibrating and validating it against experimental data. The computational model is used to study mitochondrial turnover under conditions of stress and how it is affected by genomic instability, chronic inflammation and biological ageing in general. We report that the AMPK-NAD+-PGC1α-SIRT1 signalling pathway becomes less responsive with age and that this can prime for the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Martinez Guimera
- Biosciences Institute, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clark
- Biosciences Institute, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - James Wordsworth
- Biosciences Institute, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Sharath Anugula
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daryl P Shanley
- Biosciences Institute, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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Safwan-Zaiter H, Wagner N, Wagner KD. P16INK4A-More Than a Senescence Marker. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1332. [PMID: 36143369 PMCID: PMC9501954 DOI: 10.3390/life12091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented production or exposure to reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines production, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and, importantly, the deposit of senescent cells. These are irreversibly mitotically inactive, yet metabolically active cells. The reason underlying their senescence lies within the extrinsic and the intrinsic arms. The extrinsic arm is mainly characterized by the expression and the secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intrinsic arm results from the impact of several genes meant to regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor suppressor genes. P16INK4A is a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator that has been linked to aging and senescence. Extensive research has revealed that p16 expression is significantly increased in senescent cells, as well as during natural aging or age-related pathologies. Based on this fact, p16 is considered as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging. Other studies have found that p16 is not only a senescence marker, but also a protein with many functions outside of senescence and aging. In this paper, we discuss and shed light on several studies that show the different functions of p16 and provide insights in its role in several biological processes besides senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Wagner
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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14
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Kohzaki M. Mammalian Resilience Revealed by a Comparison of Human Diseases and Mouse Models Associated With DNA Helicase Deficiencies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:934042. [PMID: 36032672 PMCID: PMC9403131 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.934042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity is critical for sustaining individual animals and passing on the genome to subsequent generations. Several enzymes, such as DNA helicases and DNA polymerases, are involved in maintaining genomic integrity by unwinding and synthesizing the genome, respectively. Indeed, several human diseases that arise caused by deficiencies in these enzymes have long been known. In this review, the author presents the DNA helicases associated with human diseases discovered to date using recent analyses, including exome sequences. Since several mouse models that reflect these human diseases have been developed and reported, this study also summarizes the current knowledge regarding the outcomes of DNA helicase deficiencies in humans and mice and discusses possible mechanisms by which DNA helicases maintain genomic integrity in mammals. It also highlights specific diseases that demonstrate mammalian resilience, in which, despite the presence of genomic instability, patients and mouse models have lifespans comparable to those of the general population if they do not develop cancers; finally, this study discusses future directions for therapeutic applications in humans that can be explored using these mouse models.
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Photoaging: UV radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression accelerate the aging process in the skin. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:817-831. [PMID: 35748903 PMCID: PMC9307547 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological aging. Over 30 years ago, it was observed that UVR induced an immunosuppressive state which inhibited skin contact hypersensitivity. Methods Original and review articles encompassing inflammation and immunosuppression in the photoaging and chronological aging processes were examined from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Currently it is known that UVR treatment can trigger a cellular senescence and inflammatory state in the skin. Chronic low-grade inflammation stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression involving an expansion of immunosuppressive cells, e.g., regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). This increased immunosuppressive activity not only suppresses the function of effector immune cells, a state called immunosenescence, but it also induces bystander degeneration of neighboring cells. Interestingly, the chronological aging process also involves an accumulation of pro-inflammatory senescent cells and signs of chronic low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. There is also clear evidence that inflammaging is associated with an increase in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities which promote immunosenescence. Conclusion It seems that photoaging and normal aging evoke similar processes driven by the remodeling of the immune system. However, it is likely that there are different molecular mechanisms inducing inflammation and immunosuppression in the accelerated photoaging and the chronological aging processes.
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Dynamic Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of the Senescence-Associated Factor p16Ink4a in Development and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030541. [PMID: 35159350 PMCID: PMC8833900 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of factors have been attributed to underly aging, including oxidative stress, telomere shortening and cellular senescence. Several studies have shown a significant role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16ink4a in senescence and aging. However, its expression in development has been less well documented. Therefore, to further clarify a potential role of p16 in development and aging, we conducted a developmental expression study of p16, as well as of p19ARF and p21, and investigated their expression on the RNA level in brain, heart, liver, and kidney of mice at embryonic, postnatal, adult, and old ages. P16 expression was further assessed on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Expression of p16 was highly dynamic in all organs in embryonic and postnatal stages and increased dramatically in old mice. Expression of p19 and p21 was less variable and increased to a moderate extent at old age. In addition, we observed a predominant expression of p16 mRNA and protein in liver endothelial cells versus non-endothelial cells of old mice, which suggests a functional role specifically in liver endothelium of old subjects. Thus, p16 dynamic spatiotemporal expression might implicate p16 in developmental and physiological processes in addition to its well-known function in the build-up of senescence.
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Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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da Silveira WA, Renaud L, Hazard ES, Hardiman G. miRNA and lncRNA Expression Networks Modulate Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Inhibition in Senescent Prostate Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020208. [PMID: 35205253 PMCID: PMC8872619 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest that arises once cells reach the limit of their proliferative capacity. It creates an inflammatory microenvironment favouring the initiation and progression of various age-related diseases, including prostate cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular gene expression. Nonetheless, very little is known about the interplay of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and how deregulation of ncRNA networks promotes cellular senescence. To investigate this, human prostate epithelial cells were cultured through different passages until senescent, and their RNA was extracted and sequenced using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) miRNAseq. Differential expression (DE) gene analysis was performed to compare senescent and proliferating cells with Limma, miRNA-target interactions with multiMiR, lncRNA-target interactions using TCGA data and network evaluation with miRmapper. We found that miR-335-3p, miR-543 and the lncRNAs H19 and SMIM10L2A all play central roles in the regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair processes. Expression of most genes belonging to these pathways were down-regulated by senescence. Using the concept of network centrality, we determined the top 10 miRNAs and lncRNAs, with miR-335-3p and H19 identified as the biggest hubs for miRNAs and lncRNA respectively. These ncRNAs regulate key genes belonging to pathways involved in cell senescence and prostate cancer demonstrating their central role in these processes and opening the possibility for their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets to mitigate against prostate ageing and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian A. da Silveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Centre, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Edward S. Hazard
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-28-9097-6514
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Miryeganeh M. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Senescence in Plants. Cells 2022; 11:251. [PMID: 35053367 PMCID: PMC8773728 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a major developmental transition in plants that requires a massive reprogramming of gene expression and includes various layers of regulations. Senescence is either an age-dependent or a stress-induced process, and is under the control of complex regulatory networks that interact with each other. It has been shown that besides genetic reprogramming, which is an important aspect of plant senescence, transcription factors and higher-level mechanisms, such as epigenetic and small RNA-mediated regulators, are also key factors of senescence-related genes. Epigenetic mechanisms are an important layer of this multilevel regulatory system that change the activity of transcription factors (TFs) and play an important role in modulating the expression of senescence-related gene. They include chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the RNA-mediated control of transcription factors and genes. This review provides an overview of the known epigenetic regulation of plant senescence, which has mostly been studied in the form of leaf senescence, and it also covers what has been reported about whole-plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Miryeganeh
- Plant Epigenetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
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20
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Frommeyer TC, Rohan CA, Spandau DF, Kemp MG, Wanner MA, Tanzi E, Travers JB. Wounding Therapies for Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:813132. [PMID: 35071017 PMCID: PMC8776632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.813132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is closely linked with advanced age and ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. More specifically, the development of NMSC is linked to diminished insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling from senescent dermal fibroblasts in geriatric skin. Consequently, keratinocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remains inactive, resulting in failure to induce appropriate protective responses including DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint signaling. This allows UVB-induced DNA damage to proliferate unchecked, which increases the likelihood of malignant transformation. NMSC is estimated to occur in 3.3 million individuals annually. The rising incidence results in increased morbidity and significant healthcare costs, which necessitate identification of effective treatment modalities. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of NMSC and discuss the potential of novel preventative therapies. In particular, wounding therapies such as dermabrasion, microneedling, chemical peeling, and fractionated laser resurfacing have been shown to restore IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in geriatric skin and suppress the propagation of UVB-damaged keratinocytes. This wounding response effectively rejuvenates geriatric skin and decreases the incidence of age-associated NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Dan F. Spandau
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard A. Roudebush Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Molly A. Wanner
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
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21
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Wu HY, Zheng Y, Laciak AR, Huang NN, Koszelak-Rosenblum M, Flint AJ, Carr G, Zhu G. Structure and Function of SNM1 Family Nucleases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1414:1-26. [PMID: 35708844 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Three human nucleases, SNM1A, SNM1B/Apollo, and SNM1C/Artemis, belong to the SNM1 gene family. These nucleases are involved in various cellular functions, including homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, cell cycle regulation, and telomere maintenance. These three proteins share a similar catalytic domain, which is characterized as a fused metallo-β-lactamase and a CPSF-Artemis-SNM1-PSO2 domain. SNM1A and SNM1B/Apollo are exonucleases, whereas SNM1C/Artemis is an endonuclease. This review contains a summary of recent research on SNM1's cellular and biochemical functions, as well as structural biology studies. In addition, protein structure prediction by the artificial intelligence program AlphaFold provides a different view of the proteins' non-catalytic domain features, which may be used in combination with current results from X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM to understand their mechanism more clearly.
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22
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Kasselimi E, Pefani DE, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. Ribosomal DNA and the nucleolus at the heart of aging. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Gladyshev VN, Kritchevsky SB, Clarke SG, Cuervo AM, Fiehn O, de Magalhães JP, Mau T, Maes M, Moritz R, Niedernhofer LJ, Van Schaftingen E, Tranah GJ, Walsh K, Yura Y, Zhang B, Cummings SR. Molecular Damage in Aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1096-1106. [PMID: 36846190 PMCID: PMC9957516 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism generates molecular damage affecting all levels of biological organization. Accumulation of this damage over time is thought to play a central role in the aging process, but damage manifests in diverse molecular forms complicating its assessment. Insufficient attention has been paid to date to the role of molecular damage in aging-related phenotypes, particularly in humans, in part because of the difficulty in measuring its various forms. Recently, omics approaches have been developed that begin to address this challenge, because they are able to assess a sizeable proportion of age-related damage at the level of small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, organelles and cells. This review describes the concept of molecular damage in aging and discusses its diverse aspects from theoretical models to experimental approaches. Measurement of multiple types of damage enables studies of the role of damage in human aging outcomes and lays a foundation for testing interventions to reduce the burden of molecular damage, opening new approaches to slowing aging and reducing its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Higgs EB, Godschalk R, Langie SAS, van Schooten FJ, Hodges NJ. Upregulation of mNEIL3 in Ogg1-null cells is a potential backup mechanism for 8-oxoG repair. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:437-444. [PMID: 34644377 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species formation and resultant oxidative damage to DNA are ubiquitous events in cells, the homeostasis of which can be dysregulated in a range of pathological conditions. Base excision repair (BER) is the primary repair mechanism for oxidative genomic DNA damage. One prevalent oxidised base modification, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), is recognised by 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1) initiating removal and repair via BER. Surprisingly, Ogg1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mOgg1-/- MEFs) do not accumulate 8-oxoG in the genome to the extent expected. This suggests that there are backup repair mechanisms capable of repairing 8-oxoG in the absence of OGG1. In the current study, we identified components of NER (Ercc1, Ercc4, Ercc5), BER (Lig1, Tdg, Nthl1, Mpg, Mgmt, NEIL3), MMR (Mlh1, Msh2, Msh6) and DSB (Brip1, Rad51d, Prkdc) pathways that are transcriptionally elevated in mOgg1-/- MEFs. Interestingly, all three nucleotide excision repair genes identified: Ercc1 (2.5 ± 0.2-fold), Ercc4 (1.5 ± 0.1-fold) and Ercc5 (1.7 ± 0.2-fold) have incision activity. There was also a significant functional increase in NER activity (42.0 ± 7.9%) compared to WT MEFs. We also observed upregulation of both Neil3 mRNA (37.9 ± 1.6-fold) and protein in mOgg1-/- MEFs. This was associated with a 3.4 ± 0.4-fold increase in NEIL3 substrate sites in genomic DNA of cells treated with BSO, consistent with the ability of NEIL3 to remove 8-oxoG oxidation products from genomic DNA. In conclusion, we suggest that in Ogg1-null cells, upregulation of multiple DNA repair proteins including incision components of the NER pathway and Neil3 are important compensatory responses to prevent the accumulation of genomic 8-oxoG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen B Higgs
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Simmonite M, Polk TA. Age-related declines in neural distinctiveness correlate across brain areas and result from both decreased reliability and increased confusability. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2021; 29:483-499. [PMID: 34757860 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.1999383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
According to the neural dedifferentiation hypothesis, age-related reductions in the distinctiveness of neural representations contribute to sensory, cognitive, and motor declines associated with aging: neural activity associated with different stimulus categories becomes more confusable with age and behavioral performance suffers as a result. Initial studies investigated age-related dedifferentiation in the visual cortex, but subsequent research has revealed declines in other brain regions, suggesting that dedifferentiation may be a general feature of the aging brain. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate age-related dedifferentiation in the visual, auditory, and motor cortices. Participants were 58 young adults and 79 older adults. The similarity of activation patterns across different blocks of the same category was calculated (within-category correlation, a measure of reliability) as was the similarity of activation patterns elicited by different categories (between-category correlations, a measure of confusability). Neural distinctiveness was defined as the difference between the mean within- and between-category similarity. We found age-related reductions in neural distinctiveness in the visual, auditory, and motor cortices, which were driven by both decreases in within-category similarity and increases in between-category similarity. There were significant positive cross-region correlations between neural distinctiveness in different regions. These correlations were driven by within-category similarities, a finding that indicates that declines in the reliability of neural activity appear to occur in tandem across the brain. These findings suggest that the changes in neural distinctiveness that occur in healthy aging result from changes in both the reliability and confusability of patterns of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simmonite
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - T A Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Mutational patterns and their correlation to CHIP-related mutations and age in hematological malignancies. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4426-4434. [PMID: 34570179 PMCID: PMC8579257 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparison of the mutation frequencies and numbers of 122 genes in 3096 cases enables identification of “mutation-driven” entities. Differences in mutation patterns in cases with or without CHIP-associated mutations across entities suggest differences in pathophysiology.
Acquired somatic mutations are crucial for the development of most cancers. We performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of the mutational landscapes and their correlation with CHIP-related (clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential) mutations and patient age of 122 genes in 3096 cases of 28 different hematological malignancies. Differences were observed regarding (1) the median number of mutations (highest, median n = 4; lowest, n = 0); (2) specificity of certain mutations (high frequencies in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia [aCML; ASXL1, 86%], follicular lymphoma [FL; KMT2D, 87%; CREBBP, 73%], hairy cell lymphoma [BRAF, 100%], lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma [MYD88, 98%; CXCR4, 51%], myeloproliferative neoplasm [MPN; AK2, 68%]); (3) distribution of mutations (broad distribution within/across the myeloid/lymphoid lineage for TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, TP53, BCOR, and ETV6); (4) correlation of mutations with patient’s age (correlated with older age across entities: TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, TP53, EZH2, BCOR, GATA2, and IDH2; younger age: KIT, POT1, RAD21, U2AF2, and WT1); (5) correlation of mutation number per patient with age. Moreover, we observed high frequencies of mutations in RUNX1, SRSF2, IDH2, NRAS, and EZH2 in cases comprising at least 1 DTA (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1) mutation, whereas in cases without DTA mutations, TP53, KRAS, WT1, and SF3B1 were more frequent across entities, suggesting differences in pathophysiology. These results give further insight into the complex genetic landscape and the role of DTA mutations in hematological neoplasms and define mutation-driven entities (myelodysplastic syndrome/MPN overlap; secondary acute myeloid) in comparison with entities defined by chromosomal fusions (chronic myeloid leukemia; myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia).
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Wolf AM. The tumor suppression theory of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 34637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued increases in human life expectancy, the factors determining the rate of human biological aging remain unknown. Without understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, efforts to prevent aging are unlikely to succeed. The tumor suppression theory of aging introduced here proposes somatic mutation as the proximal cause of aging, but postulates that oncogenic transformation and clonal expansion, not functional impairment, are the relevant consequences of somatic mutation. Obesity and caloric restriction accelerate and decelerate aging due to their effect on cell proliferation, during which most mutations arise. Most phenotypes of aging are merely tumor-suppressive mechanisms that evolved to limit malignant growth, the dominant age-related cause of death in early and middle life. Cancer limits life span for most long-lived mammals, a phenomenon known as Peto's paradox. Its conservation across species demonstrates that mutation is a fundamental but hard limit on mammalian longevity. Cell senescence and apoptosis and differentiation induced by oncogenes, telomere shortening or DNA damage evolved as a second line of defense to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells, but accumulating senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and stem cell exhaustion eventually cause tissue dysfunction and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gems D, de Magalhães JP. The hoverfly and the wasp: A critique of the hallmarks of aging as a paradigm. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101407. [PMID: 34271186 PMCID: PMC7611451 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of representing common denominators of aging in different organisms López-Otín et al. in 2013 described nine hallmarks of aging. Since then, this representation has become a major reference point for the biogerontology field. The template for the hallmarks of aging account originated from landmark papers by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000, 2011) defining first six and later ten hallmarks of cancer. Here we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the hallmarks of aging account. As a checklist of diverse major foci of current aging research, it has provided a useful shared overview for biogerontology during a time of transition in the field. It also seems useful in applied biogerontology, to identify interventions (e.g. drugs) that impact multiple symptomatic features of aging. However, while the hallmarks of cancer provide a paradigmatic account of the causes of cancer with profound explanatory power, the hallmarks of aging do not. A worry is that as a non-paradigm the hallmarks of aging have obscured the urgent need to define a genuine paradigm, one that can provide a useful basis for understanding the mechanistic causes of the diverse aging pathologies. We argue that biogerontology must look and move beyond the hallmarks to understand the process of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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Feng C, Wei H, Yang D, Feng B, Ma Z, Han S, Zou Q, Shi H. ORS-Pred: An optimized reduced scheme-based identifier for antioxidant proteins. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100017. [PMID: 34009737 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant proteins can terminate a chain of reactions caused by free radicals and protect cells from damage. To identify antioxidant proteins rapidly, a computational model was proposed based on the optimized recoding scheme, sequence information and machine learning methods. First, over 600 recoding schemes were collected to build a scheme set. Then, the original sequence was recoded as a reduced expression whose g-gap dipeptides (g = 0, 1, 2) were used as the features of proteins. Furthermore, a random forest method was used to evaluate the classification ability of the obtained dipeptide features. After going through all schemes, the best predictive performance scheme was chosen as the optimized reduction scheme. Finally, for the RF method, a grid search strategy was used to select a better parameter combination to identify antioxidant proteins. In the experiment, the present method correctly recognized 90.13-99.87% of the antioxidant samples. Other experimental results also proved that the present method was efficient to identify antioxidant proteins. Finally, we also developed a web server that was freely accessible to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Feng
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Teachers and Education, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Deyun Yang
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Zhaogui Ma
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,China and Hainan Key Laboratory for Computational Science and Application, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hua Shi
- School of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
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Aoyagi Blue Y, Kusumi J, Satake A. Copy number analyses of DNA repair genes reveal the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in tree longevity. iScience 2021; 24:102779. [PMID: 34278274 PMCID: PMC8271160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived organisms are exposed to the risk of accumulating mutations due to DNA damage. Previous studies in animals have revealed the positive relationship between the copy number of DNA repair genes and longevity. However, the role of DNA repair in the lifespan of plants remains poorly understood. Using the recent accumulation of the complete genome sequences of diverse plant species, we performed systematic comparative analyses of the copy number variations of DNA repair genes in 61 plant species with different lifespans. Among 121 DNA repair gene families, PARP gene family was identified as a unique gene that exhibits significant expansion in trees compared to annual and perennial herbs. Among three paralogs of plant PARPs, PARP1 showed a close association with growth rate. PARPs catalyze poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and play pivotal roles in DNA repair and antipathogen defense. Our study suggests the conserved role of PARPs in longevity between plants and animals. Comparing the copy number variations of DNA repair genes in diverse plant species PARP gene family showed higher copy number in trees compared to herbs There was negative correlation between copy number of PARP1 and growth rate in trees Increased copy number of PARP would be evolutionary favored in plant longevity
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoyagi Blue
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junko Kusumi
- Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
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31
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Hasselquist D, Tobler M. The Accumulating Costs Hypothesis—to Better Understand Delayed “Hidden” Costs of Seemingly Mild Disease and Other Moderate Stressors. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.685057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild diseases and moderate stressors are seemingly harmless and are therefore often assumed to have negligible impact on Darwinian fitness. Here we argue that the effects of “benign” parasites and other moderate stressors may have a greater impact on lifespan and other fitness traits than generally thought. We outline the “accumulating costs” hypothesis which proposes that moderate strains on the body caused by mild diseases and other moderate stressors that occur throughout life will result in small irreversible “somatic lesions” that initially are invisible (i.e., induce “hidden” costs). However, over time these somatic lesions accumulate until their summed effect reaches a critical point when cell senescence and malfunction begin to affect organ functionality and lead to the onset of degenerative diseases and aging. We briefly discuss three potential mechanisms through which the effects of moderate strains (e.g., mild diseases) could accumulate: Accelerated telomere shortening, loss of repetitious cell compartments and other uncorrected DNA damage in the genome. We suggest that telomere shortening may be a key candidate for further research with respect to the accumulating costs hypothesis. Telomeres can acquire lesions from moderate strains without immediate negative effects, lesions can be accumulated over time and lead to a critically short telomere length, which may eventually cause severe somatic malfunctioning, including aging. If effects of mild diseases, benign parasites and moderate stressors accrued throughout life can have severe delayed consequences, this might contribute to our understanding of life history strategies and trade-offs, and have important implications for medicine, including consideration of treatment therapies for mild (chronic) infections such as malaria.
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32
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Paull TT. DNA damage and regulation of protein homeostasis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103155. [PMID: 34116476 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions is associated with many pathological outcomes in humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases and in normal aging. Evidence supporting a causal role for DNA damage in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease has come from rare human patients with mutations in DNA damage response genes as well as from model organisms; however, the generality of this relationship in the normal population is unclear. In addition, the relevance of DNA damage in the context of proteotoxic stress-the widely accepted paradigm for pathology during neurodegeneration-is not well understood. Here, observations supporting intertwined roles of DNA damage and proteotoxicity in aging-related neurological outcomes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent insights into the relationships between DNA repair and autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, formation of protein aggregates, poly-ADP-ribose polymerization, and transcription-driven DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Paull
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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Yu Q, Cheng X. Hydroxyurea-induced membrane fluidity decreasing as a characterization of neuronal membrane aging in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12817-12832. [PMID: 33972461 PMCID: PMC8148445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is one of the significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, this study aimed to propose a new hypothesis “membrane aging” as a critical pathogenesis of AD. The concept of “membrane aging” was reviewed, and the possible mechanisms of membrane aging as the primary culprit of AD were clarified. To further prove this hypothesis, a hydroxyurea-induced “membrane aging” model was established in vitro and in vivo. First, neuronal aging was validated by immunocytochemistry with age-related markers, and membrane aging phenotypes were confirmed. The alterations of membrane fluidity within APP/PS1 mice were re-proved by intracerebroventricular injection of hydroxyurea. Decreased membrane fluidity was found in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by increased total cholesterol concentration in neurons but decreased cholesterol levels within membrane fractions. The Aβ level increased considerably after hydroxyurea treatment both in vitro and in vivo. DHA co-treatment ameliorated membrane aging phenotypes and Aβ aggregation. The study revealed the AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl CoA carboxylase/carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 pathway involved in membrane aging processes. These results strongly supported the idea that membrane aging was a pathogenesis of AD and might serve as a new therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujian Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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34
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Del Bo’ C, Martini D, Bernardi S, Gigliotti L, Marino M, Gargari G, Meroño T, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Andres-Lacueva C, Kroon PA, Cherubini A, Guglielmetti S, Porrini M, Riso P. Association between Food Intake, Clinical and Metabolic Markers and DNA Damage in Older Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050730. [PMID: 34066373 PMCID: PMC8148130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of DNA damage as marker of oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction and age-related diseases is debated. The present study aimed at assessing the level of DNA damage (evaluated as DNA strand-breaks, endogenous and oxidatively-induced DNA damage) in a group of older subjects with intestinal permeability enrolled within the MaPLE (Gut and Blood Microbiomics for Studying the Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Pattern on Intestinal Permeability in the Elderly) intervention trial, to evaluate its association with clinical, metabolic and dietary markers. DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by the comet assay in 49 older subjects participating in the study. Clinical and metabolic markers, markers of inflammation, vascular function and intestinal permeability were determined in serum. Food intake was estimated by weighted food diaries. On the whole, a trend towards higher levels of DNA damage was observed in men compared to women (p = 0.071). A positive association between DNA damage and clinical/metabolic markers (e.g., uric acid, lipid profile) and an inverse association with dietary markers (e.g., vitamin C, E, B6, folates) were found and differed based on sex. By considering the importance of DNA stability during aging, the results obtained on sex differences and the potential role of dietary and metabolic factors on DNA damage underline the need for further investigations in a larger group of older adults to confirm the associations found and to promote preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Letizia Gigliotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Tomas Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, CIBERFES-ISCIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (N.H.-L.); (C.A.-L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, CIBERFES-ISCIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (N.H.-L.); (C.A.-L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA, CIBERFES-ISCIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (N.H.-L.); (C.A.-L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK;
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l’invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-50316720 (M.P.); +39-02-50316726 (P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.D.B.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-50316720 (M.P.); +39-02-50316726 (P.R.)
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35
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Barve A, Galande AA, Ghaskadbi SS, Ghaskadbi S. DNA Repair Repertoire of the Enigmatic Hydra. Front Genet 2021; 12:670695. [PMID: 33995496 PMCID: PMC8117345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.670695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery by Abraham Trembley in 1744, hydra has been a popular research organism. Features like spectacular regeneration capacity, peculiar tissue dynamics, continuous pattern formation, unique evolutionary position, and an apparent lack of organismal senescence make hydra an intriguing animal to study. While a large body of work has taken place, particularly in the domain of evolutionary developmental biology of hydra, in recent years, the focus has shifted to molecular mechanisms underlying various phenomena. DNA repair is a fundamental cellular process that helps to maintain integrity of the genome through multiple repair pathways found across taxa, from archaea to higher animals. DNA repair capacity and senescence are known to be closely associated, with mutations in several repair pathways leading to premature ageing phenotypes. Analysis of DNA repair in an animal like hydra could offer clues into several aspects including hydra’s purported lack of organismal ageing, evolution of DNA repair systems in metazoa, and alternative functions of repair proteins. We review here the different DNA repair mechanisms known so far in hydra. Hydra genes from various DNA repair pathways show very high similarity with their vertebrate orthologues, indicating conservation at the level of sequence, structure, and function. Notably, most hydra repair genes are more similar to deuterostome counterparts than to common model invertebrates, hinting at ancient evolutionary origins of repair pathways and further highlighting the relevance of organisms like hydra as model systems. It appears that hydra has the full repertoire of DNA repair pathways, which are employed in stress as well as normal physiological conditions and may have a link with its observed lack of senescence. The close correspondence of hydra repair genes with higher vertebrates further demonstrates the need for deeper studies of various repair components, their interconnections, and functions in this early metazoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Barve
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India.,Centre of Excellence in Science and Mathematics Education, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Alisha A Galande
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Saroj S Ghaskadbi
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Surendra Ghaskadbi
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
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Stavropoulou E, Kantartzi K, Tsigalou C, Aftzoglou K, Voidarou C, Konstantinidis T, Chifiriuc MC, Thodis E, Bezirtzoglou E. Microbiome, Immunosenescence, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661203. [PMID: 33816535 PMCID: PMC8017168 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known as an important predictive tool for perceiving characteristic shifts in disease states. Multiple renal diseases and pathologies seem to be associated with gut dysbiosis which directly affects host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal-kidney dialogue confers interesting information about the pathogenesis of multiple kidney diseases. Moreover, aging is followed by specific shifts in the human microbiome, and gradual elimination of physiological functions predisposes the microbiome to inflammaging, sarcopenia, and disease. Aging is characterized by a microbiota with an abundance of disease-associated pathobionts. Multiple factors such as the immune system, environment, medication, diet, and genetic endowment are involved in determining the age of the microbiome in health and disease. Our present review promotes recently acquired knowledge and is expected to inspire researchers to advance studies and investigations on the involved pathways of the gut microbiota and kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Konstantia Kantartzi
- Nephrology Clinic, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elias Thodis
- Nephrology Clinic, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
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37
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Orkin JD, Montague MJ, Tejada-Martinez D, de Manuel M, Del Campo J, Cheves Hernandez S, Di Fiore A, Fontsere C, Hodgson JA, Janiak MC, Kuderna LFK, Lizano E, Martin MP, Niimura Y, Perry GH, Valverde CS, Tang J, Warren WC, de Magalhães JP, Kawamura S, Marquès-Bonet T, Krawetz R, Melin AD. The genomics of ecological flexibility, large brains, and long lives in capuchin monkeys revealed with fecalFACS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2010632118. [PMID: 33574059 PMCID: PMC7896301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010632118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological flexibility, extended lifespans, and large brains have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, and comparative genomics offers an efficient and effective tool for generating new insights into the evolution of such traits. Studies of capuchin monkeys are particularly well situated to shed light on the selective pressures and genetic underpinnings of local adaptation to diverse habitats, longevity, and brain development. Distributed widely across Central and South America, they are inventive and extractive foragers, known for their sensorimotor intelligence. Capuchins have among the largest relative brain size of any monkey and a lifespan that exceeds 50 y, despite their small (3 to 5 kg) body size. We assemble and annotate a de novo reference genome for Cebus imitator Through high-depth sequencing of DNA derived from blood, various tissues, and feces via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (fecalFACS) to isolate monkey epithelial cells, we compared genomes of capuchin populations from tropical dry forests and lowland rainforests and identified population divergence in genes involved in water balance, kidney function, and metabolism. Through a comparative genomics approach spanning a wide diversity of mammals, we identified genes under positive selection associated with longevity and brain development. Additionally, we provide a technological advancement in the use of noninvasive genomics for studies of free-ranging mammals. Our intra- and interspecific comparative study of capuchin genomics provides insights into processes underlying local adaptation to diverse and physiologically challenging environments, as well as the molecular basis of brain evolution and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Orkin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146
| | - Daniela Tejada-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Marc de Manuel
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 170901 Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Claudia Fontsere
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason A Hodgson
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mareike C Janiak
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas F K Kuderna
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Lizano
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Martin
- Kids Saving the Rainforest Wildlife Rescue Center, 60601 Quepos, Costa Rica
| | - Yoshihito Niimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - George H Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | | | - Jia Tang
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Division of Animal Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Shoji Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562 Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomàs Marquès-Bonet
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
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Protection of nuclear DNA by lifespan-extending compounds in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 2021; 822:111738. [PMID: 33578051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage has been hypothesized to be a driving force of the aging process. At the same time, there exists multiple compounds that can extend lifespan in model organisms, such as yeast, worms, flies, and mice. One possible mechanism of action for these compounds is a protective effect against DNA damage. We investigated whether five of these lifespan-extending compounds, dinitrophenol, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, and spermidine, could protect nuclear DNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the same doses under which they confer lifespan extension. We found that rapamycin and spermidine were able to decrease the spontaneous mutation rate at the CAN1 locus, whereas dinitrophenol, metformin, and resveratrol were able to protect yeast against CAN1 mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). We also tested whether these compounds could enhance survival against EMS, ultraviolet (UV) light, or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult. All five compounds conferred a protective effect against EMS, while metformin and spermidine protected yeast against UV light. Somewhat surprisingly, none of the compounds were able to afford a significant protection against H2O2, with spermidine dramatically sensitizing cells. We also examined the ability of these compounds to increase lifespan when growth-arrested by hydroxyurea; only spermidine was found to have a positive effect. Overall, our results suggest that lifespan-extending compounds may act in part by protecting nuclear DNA.
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Tissue-specific Gene Expression Changes Are Associated with Aging in Mice. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:430-442. [PMID: 33309863 PMCID: PMC8242333 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that can be characterized by functional and cognitive decline in an individual. Aging can be assessed based on the functional capacity of vital organs and their intricate interactions with one another. Thus, the nature of aging can be described by focusing on a specific organ and an individual itself. However, to fully understand the complexity of aging, one must investigate not only a single tissue or biological process but also its complex interplay and interdependencies with other biological processes. Here, using RNA-seq, we monitored changes in the transcriptome during aging in four tissues (including brain, blood, skin and liver) in mice at 9 months, 15 months, and 24 months, with a final evaluation at the very old age of 30 months. We identified several genes and processes that were differentially regulated during aging in both tissue-dependent and tissue-independent manners. Most importantly, we found that the electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria was similarly affected at the transcriptome level in the four tissues during the aging process. We also identified the liver as the tissue showing the largest variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) over time. Lcn2 (Lipocalin-2) was found to be similarly regulated among all tissues, and its effect on longevity and survival was validated using its orthologue in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our study demonstrated that the molecular processes of aging are relatively subtle in their progress, and the aging process of every tissue depends on the tissue’s specialized function and environment. Hence, individual gene or process alone cannot be described as the key of aging in the whole organism.
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Song H, Fu X, Wu C, Li S. Aging-related tumor associated fibroblasts changes could worsen the prognosis of GBM patients. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:489. [PMID: 33061843 PMCID: PMC7545944 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant tumor in human brain, with highly heterogeneity among different patients. Age could function as an incidence and prognosis risk factor for many tumors. Method A series of bioinformatic experiments were conducted to evaluate the differences of incidence, differential expressed genes, enriched pathways with the data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) project. Results We discovered in our present study that distinct difference of incidence and prognosis of different aged GBM patients. By a series of bioinformatic method, we found that the tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) was the most crucial tumor microenvironment (TME) component that led to this phenomenon. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be the mechanism by which TAFs regulate the progression of GBM. Conclusion We have proposed a close correlation between age and GBM incidence and prognosis, and propose the underlying mechanism behind this correlation by mining different databases, which laid the foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwang Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojun Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Chenxing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093 China
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Chen X, Xun D, Zheng R, Zhao L, Lu Y, Huang J, Wang R, Wang Y. Deep-Learning-Assisted Assessment of DNA Damage Based on Foci Images and Its Application in High-Content Screening of Lead Compounds. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14267-14277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dejin Xun
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ruzhang Zheng
- State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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Komari CJ, Guttman AO, Carr SR, Trachtenberg TL, Orloff EA, Haas AV, Patrick AR, Chowdhary S, Waldman BC, Waldman AS. Alteration of genetic recombination and double-strand break repair in human cells by progerin expression. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 96:102975. [PMID: 33010688 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare autosomal, dominant genetic condition characterized by many features of accelerated aging. On average, children with HGPS live to about fourteen years of age. The syndrome is commonly caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene which normally codes for lamin A and its splice variant lamin C, components of the nuclear lamina. The LMNA mutation alters splicing, leading to production of a truncated, farnesylated form of lamin A referred to as "progerin." Progerin is also expressed at very low levels in healthy individuals and appears to play a role in normal aging. HGPS is associated with an accumulation of genomic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting corruption of DNA repair. In this work, we investigated the influence of progerin expression on DSB repair in the human genome at the nucleotide level. We used a model system that involves a reporter DNA substrate inserted in the genome of cultured human cells. A DSB could be induced within the substrate through exogenous expression of endonuclease I-SceI, and DSB repair events occurring via either homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) were recoverable. Additionally, spontaneous HR events were recoverable in the absence of artificial DSB induction. We compared DSB repair and spontaneous HR in cells overexpressing progerin versus cells expressing no progerin. We report that overexpression of progerin correlated with an increase in DSB repair via NHEJ relative to HR, as well as an increased fraction of HR events occurring via gene conversion. Progerin also engendered an apparent increase in spontaneous HR events, with a highly significant shift toward gene conversion events, and an increase in DNA amplification events. Such influences of progerin on DNA transactions may impact genome stability and contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina J Komari
- Department of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Anne O Guttman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shelby R Carr
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Taylor L Trachtenberg
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elise A Orloff
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ashley V Haas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrew R Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sona Chowdhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Barbara C Waldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alan S Waldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Muresanu C, Somasundaram SG, Vissarionov SV, Torres Solis LF, Solís Herrera A, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. Updated Understanding of Cancer as a Metabolic and Telomere-Driven Disease, and Proposal for Complex Personalized Treatment, a Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6521. [PMID: 32906638 PMCID: PMC7555410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we propose a holistic approach to understanding cancer as a metabolic disease. Our search for relevant studies in medical databases concludes that cancer cells do not evolve directly from normal healthy cells. We hypothesize that aberrant DNA damage accumulates over time-avoiding the natural DNA controls that otherwise repair or replace the rapidly replicating cells. DNA damage starts to accumulate in non-replicating cells, leading to senescence and aging. DNA damage is linked with genetic and epigenetic factors, but the development of cancer is favored by telomerase activity. Evidence indicates that telomere length is affected by chronic inflammations, alterations of mitochondrial DNA, and various environmental factors. Emotional stress also influences telomere length. Chronic inflammation can cause oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative stress, in turn, can trigger mitochondrial changes, which ultimately alter nuclear gene expression. This vicious cycle has led several scientists to view cancer as a metabolic disease. We have proposed complex personalized treatments that seek to correct multiple changes simultaneously using a psychological approach to reduce chronic stress, immune checkpoint therapy with reduced doses of chemo and radiotherapy, minimal surgical intervention, if any, and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming protocols supplemented by intermittent fasting and personalized dietary plans without interfering with the other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Muresanu
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapies, Str. Trifoiului nr. 12 G, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Siva G. Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Vissarionov
- The Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children’s Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, 196603 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | | | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Street Tsyurupa 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Young TZ, Liu P, Urbonaite G, Acar M. Quantitative Insights into Age-Associated DNA-Repair Inefficiency in Single Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2220-2230.e7. [PMID: 31433994 PMCID: PMC6744837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although double-strand break (DSB) repair is essential for a cell's survival, little is known about how DSB repair mechanisms are affected by age. Here we characterize the impact of cellular aging on the efficiency of single-strand annealing (SSA), a DSB repair mechanism. We measure SSA repair efficiency in young and old yeast cells and report a 23.4% decline in repair efficiency. This decline is not due to increased use of non-homologous end joining. Instead, we identify increased G1 phase duration in old cells as a factor responsible for the decreased SSA repair efficiency. Expression of 3xCLN2 leads to higher SSA repair efficiency in old cells compared with expression of 1xCLN2, confirming the involvement of cell-cycle regulation in age-associated repair inefficiency. Examining how SSA repair efficiency is affected by sequence heterology, we find that heteroduplex rejection remains high in old cells. Our work provides insights into the links between single-cell aging and DSB repair efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Z Young
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Guste Urbonaite
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Murat Acar
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Li Z, Kim JH, Kim J, Lyu JI, Zhang Y, Guo H, Nam HG, Woo HR. ATM suppresses leaf senescence triggered by DNA double-strand break through epigenetic control of senescence-associated genes in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:473-484. [PMID: 32163596 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms are unavoidably exposed to various endogenous and environmental stresses that trigger potentially fatal DNA damage, including double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although a growing body of evidence indicates that DNA damage is one of the prime drivers of aging in animals, little is known regarding the importance of DNA damage and its repair on lifespan control in plants. We found that the level of DSBs increases but DNA repair efficiency decreases as Arabidopsis leaves age. Generation of DSBs by inducible expression of I-PpoI leads to premature senescence phenotypes. We examined the senescence phenotypes in the loss-of-function mutants for 13 key components of the DNA repair pathway and found that deficiency in ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM), the chief transducer of the DSB signal, results in premature senescence in Arabidopsis. ATM represses DSB-induced expression of senescence-associated genes, including the genes encoding the WRKY and NAC transcription factors, central components of the leaf senescence process, via modulation of histone lysine methylation. Our work highlights the significance of ATM in the control of leaf senescence and has significant implications for the conservation of aging mechanisms in animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Li
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Jae Il Lyu
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Yi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
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Sameri S, Samadi P, Dehghan R, Salem E, Fayazi N, Amini R. Stem Cell Aging in Lifespan and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:362-378. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200213105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism.
From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication
and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as
cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are
dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could
replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many
different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal
tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing
the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also
undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative
capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in
different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehghan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Salem
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Gusev EY, Zotova NV. Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:251-297. [PMID: 31198111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical forms of inflammation, which include many neurodegenerative processes, pathological variants of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and other manifestations of the endothelial dysfunction. Individual and universal manifestations of cellular stress could be considered as a basic element of all these pathologies, which has both physiological and pathophysiological significance. The review examines the causes, main phenomena, developmental directions and outcomes of cellular stress using a phylogenetically conservative set of genes and their activation pathways, as well as tissue stress and its role in inflammatory and para-inflammatory processes. The main ways towards the realization of cellular stress and its functional blocks were outlined. The main stages of tissue stress and the classification of its typical manifestations, as well as its participation in the development of the classical and non-classical variants of the inflammatory process, were also described. The mechanisms of cellular and tissue stress are structured into the complex systems, which include networks that enable the exchange of information with multidirectional signaling pathways which together make these systems internally contradictory, and the result of their effects is often unpredictable. However, the possible solutions require new theoretical and methodological approaches, one of which includes the transition to integral criteria, which plausibly reflect the holistic image of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Yu Gusev
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Zotova
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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48
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Slowly Repaired Bulky DNA Damages Modulate Cellular Redox Environment Leading to Premature Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5367102. [PMID: 32104534 PMCID: PMC7035574 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5367102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatments on neoplastic diseases and cancer using genotoxic drugs often cause long-term health problems related to premature aging. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Based on the study of a long-lasting senescence-like growth arrest (10-12 weeks) of human dermal fibroblasts induced by psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) treatment, we here revealed that slowly repaired bulky DNA damages can serve as a “molecular scar” leading to reduced cell proliferation through persistent endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that caused accelerated telomere erosion. The elevated levels of ROS were the results of mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX). A combined inhibition of DNA-PK and PARP1 could suppress the level of ROS. Together with a reduced expression level of BRCA1 as well as the upregulation of PP2A and 53BP1, these data suggest that the NHEJ repair of DNA double-strand breaks may be the initial trigger of metabolic changes leading to ROS production. Further study showed that stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway played an important role for NOX activation, and ROS could be efficiently suppressed by modulating the NADP/NADPH ratio. Interestingly, feeding cells with ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide biosynthesis that produced through the PPP, could evidently suppress the ROS level and prevent the cell enlargement related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, these results revealed an important signaling pathway between DNA damage repair and the cell metabolism, which contributed to the premature aging effects of PUVA, and may be generally applicable for a large category of chemotherapeutic reagents including many cancer drugs.
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Shetty M, Noguchi C, Wilson S, Martinez E, Shiozaki K, Sell C, Mell JC, Noguchi E. Maf1-dependent transcriptional regulation of tRNAs prevents genomic instability and is associated with extended lifespan. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13068. [PMID: 31833215 PMCID: PMC6996946 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf1 is the master repressor of RNA polymerase III responsible for transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNAs. Maf1 is negatively regulated via phosphorylation by the mTOR pathway, which governs protein synthesis, growth control, and lifespan regulation in response to nutrient availability. Inhibiting the mTOR pathway extends lifespan in various organisms. However, the downstream effectors for the regulation of cell homeostasis that are critical to lifespan extension remain elusive. Here we show that fission yeast Maf1 is required for lifespan extension. Maf1's function in tRNA repression is inhibited by mTOR-dependent phosphorylation, whereas Maf1 is activated via dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase complexes, PP4 and PP2A. Mutational analysis reveals that Maf1 phosphorylation status influences lifespan, which is correlated with elevated tRNA and protein synthesis levels in maf1∆ cells. However, mTOR downregulation, which negates protein synthesis, fails to rescue the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells, suggesting that elevated protein synthesis is not a cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. Interestingly, maf1∆ cells accumulate DNA damage represented by formation of Rad52 DNA damage foci and Rad52 recruitment at tRNA genes. Loss of the Rad52 DNA repair protein further exacerbates the shortened lifespan of maf1∆ cells. Strikingly, PP4 deletion alleviates DNA damage and rescues the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells even though tRNA synthesis is increased in this condition, suggesting that elevated DNA damage is the major cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. We propose that Maf1-dependent inhibition of tRNA synthesis controls fission yeast lifespan by preventing genomic instability that arises at tRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sydney Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Present address:
Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of PathologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCenters for Genomics SciencesDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Whittemore K, Martínez-Nevado E, Blasco MA. Slower rates of accumulation of DNA damage in leukocytes correlate with longer lifespans across several species of birds and mammals. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9829-9845. [PMID: 31730540 PMCID: PMC6874430 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although there is previous evidence showing an increase in various types of DNA damage with aging in mice and humans, a comparative study determining accumulation rates of DNA double strand breaks, as determined by presence of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), in leukocytes of individuals of different ages from phylogenetically distinct species from birds to mammals was lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the rate of accumulation of DNA damage as measured by the DNA damage marker γH2AX correlates with species longevity in dolphins, goats, reindeer, American flamingos, and griffon vultures. In particular, we find that species that show slower rates of accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX also live longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Whittemore
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | | | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
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