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Chen HW, Ma CP, Chin E, Chen YT, Wang TC, Kuo YP, Su CH, Huang PJ, Tan BCM. Imbalance in Unc80 RNA Editing Disrupts Dynamic Neuronal Activity and Olfactory Perception. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5985. [PMID: 38892173 PMCID: PMC11172567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A-to-I RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR protein family, significantly contributes to the diversity and adaptability of mammalian RNA signatures, aligning with developmental and physiological needs. Yet, the functions of many editing sites are still to be defined. The Unc80 gene stands out in this context due to its brain-specific expression and the evolutionary conservation of its codon-altering editing event. The precise biological functions of Unc80 and its editing, however, are still largely undefined. In this study, we first demonstrated that Unc80 editing occurs in an ADAR2-dependent manner and is exclusive to the brain. By employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Unc80 knock-in mouse models that replicate the natural editing variations, our findings revealed that mice with the "gain-of-editing" variant (Unc80G/G) exhibit heightened basal neuronal activity in critical olfactory regions, compared to the "loss-of-editing" (Unc80S/S) counterparts. Moreover, an increase in glutamate levels was observed in the olfactory bulbs of Unc80G/G mice, indicating altered neurotransmitter dynamics. Behavioral analysis of odor detection revealed distinctive responses to novel odors-both Unc80 deficient (Unc80+/-) and Unc80S/S mice demonstrated prolonged exploration times and heightened dishabituation responses. Further elucidating the olfactory connection of Unc80 editing, transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory bulb identified significant alterations in gene expression that corroborate the behavioral and physiological findings. Collectively, our research advances the understanding of Unc80's neurophysiological functions and the impact of its editing on the olfactory sensory system, shedding light on the intricate molecular underpinnings of olfactory perception and neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Pei Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
| | - En Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Tung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Teh-Cheng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ping Kuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (C.-P.M.); (E.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (P.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Tan HT, Smith PF, Zheng Y. Time-dependent effects of acoustic trauma and tinnitus on extracellular levels of amino acids in the inferior colliculus of rats. Hear Res 2024; 443:108948. [PMID: 38219615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition with very few management options. Acoustic trauma that causes tinnitus has been shown to induce neuronal hyperactivity in multiple brain areas in the auditory pathway, including the inferior colliculus. This neuronal hyperactivity could be attributed to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. However, it is not clear how the levels of neurotransmitters, especially neurotransmitters in the extracellular space, change over time following acoustic trauma and the development of tinnitus. In the present study, a range of amino acids were measured in the inferior colliculus of rats during acoustic trauma as well as at 1 week and 5 months post-trauma using in vivo microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid levels in response to sound stimulation were also measured at 1 week and 5 months post-trauma. It was found that unilateral exposure to a 16 kHz pure tone at 115 dB SPL for 1 h caused immediate hearing loss in all the animals and chronic tinnitus in 58 % of the animals. Comparing to the sham condition, extracellular levels of GABA were significantly increased at both the acute and 1 week time points after acoustic trauma. However, there was no significant difference in any of the amino acid levels measured between sham, tinnitus positive and tinnitus negative animals at 5 months post-trauma. There was also no clear pattern in the relationship between neurochemical changes and sound frequency/acoustic trauma/tinnitus status, which might be due to the relatively poorer temporal resolution of the microdialysis compared to electrophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Tieng Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Research on Hearing and Balance Disorders, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Research on Hearing and Balance Disorders, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Research on Hearing and Balance Disorders, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Uselman TW, Medina CS, Gray HB, Jacobs RE, Bearer EL. Longitudinal manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of neural projections and activity. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4675. [PMID: 35253280 PMCID: PMC11064873 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) holds exceptional promise for preclinical studies of brain-wide physiology in awake-behaving animals. The objectives of this review are to update the current information regarding MEMRI and to inform new investigators as to its potential. Mn(II) is a powerful contrast agent for two main reasons: (1) high signal intensity at low doses; and (2) biological interactions, such as projection tracing and neural activity mapping via entry into electrically active neurons in the living brain. High-spin Mn(II) reduces the relaxation time of water protons: at Mn(II) concentrations typically encountered in MEMRI, robust hyperintensity is obtained without adverse effects. By selectively entering neurons through voltage-gated calcium channels, Mn(II) highlights active neurons. Safe doses may be repeated over weeks to allow for longitudinal imaging of brain-wide dynamics in the same individual across time. When delivered by stereotactic intracerebral injection, Mn(II) enters active neurons at the injection site and then travels inside axons for long distances, tracing neuronal projection anatomy. Rates of axonal transport within the brain were measured for the first time in "time-lapse" MEMRI. When delivered systemically, Mn(II) enters active neurons throughout the brain via voltage-sensitive calcium channels and clears slowly. Thus behavior can be monitored during Mn(II) uptake and hyperintense signals due to Mn(II) uptake captured retrospectively, allowing pairing of behavior with neural activity maps for the first time. Here we review critical information gained from MEMRI projection mapping about human neuropsychological disorders. We then discuss results from neural activity mapping from systemic Mn(II) imaged longitudinally that have illuminated development of the tonotopic map in the inferior colliculus as well as brain-wide responses to acute threat and how it evolves over time. MEMRI posed specific challenges for image data analysis that have recently been transcended. We predict a bright future for longitudinal MEMRI in pursuit of solutions to the brain-behavior mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Uselman
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine L. Bearer
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Alrayashi R, Braun RD, Muca A, Kühl A, Hali M, Holt AG. Postmortem neuroimaging: Temporal and spatial sensitivity of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and impact of Mn 2+ uptake. Hear Res 2021; 407:108276. [PMID: 34107410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging data collection and analysis have been challenges in the field of auditory neuroscience. Recent studies have addressed these concerns by using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Basic challenges for in vivo application of MEMRI in rodents includes how to set inclusion criteria for adequate Mn2+ uptake and whether valid data can be collected from brains postmortem. Since brain Mn2+ uptake is complete within 2-4 h and clearance can take 2-4 weeks, one assumption has been that Mn2+-enhanced R1 values continue to reliably reflect the degree of Mn2+-uptake for some indeterminate time after death. To address these issues, the impact of death on R1 values was determined in rats administered Mn2+ and rats that were not. Images of auditory nuclei were collected at fixed intervals from rats before and after death for up to 10 h postmortem. By taking a ratio of pituitary and muscle T1-W intensities (P/M), a reliable quantitative method for assessing adequate brain Mn2+ uptake was created and suggest that P/M ratios should be adopted to objectively measure the quality of the Mn2+ injection. Postmortem R1 values decreased in all brain regions in both the After Mn2+ and No Mn2+ groups. However, the time-course of postmortem changes in R1 was dependent on brain region and degree of Mn2+ uptake. Thus, postmortem R1 values not only differ after death, but vary with time and across brain regions. Postmortem R1 values in unfixed brain tissue, including the auditory nuclei, should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Alrayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rod D Braun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Antonela Muca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - André Kühl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mirabela Hali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI, USA.
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5
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Petrus E, Saar G, Daoust A, Dodd S, Koretsky AP. A hierarchy of manganese competition and entry in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4476. [PMID: 33538073 PMCID: PMC7988546 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents improve clinical and basic research MRI. The manganese ion (Mn2+ ) is an essential, endogenous metal found in cells and it enhances MRI contrast because of its paramagnetic properties. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has been widely used to image healthy and diseased states of the body and the brain in a variety of animal models. There has also been some work in translating the useful properties of MEMRI to humans. Mn2+ accumulates in brain regions with high neural activity and enters cells via voltage-dependent channels that flux calcium (Ca2+ ). In addition, metal transporters for zinc (Zn2+ ) and iron (Fe2+ ) can also transport Mn2+ . There is also transfer through channels specific for Mn2+ . Although Mn2+ accumulates in many tissues including brain, the mechanisms and preferences of its mode of entry into cells are not well characterized. The current study used MRI on living organotypic hippocampal slice cultures to detect which transport mechanisms are preferentially used by Mn2+ to enter cells. The use of slice culture overcomes the presence of the blood brain barrier, which limits inferences made with studies of the intact brain in vivo. A range of Mn2+ concentrations were used and their effects on neural activity were assessed to avoid using interfering doses of Mn2+ . Zn2+ and Fe2+ were the most efficient competitors for Mn2+ uptake into the cultured slices, while the presence of Ca2+ or Ca2+ channel antagonists had a more moderate effect. Reducing slice activity via excitatory receptor antagonists was also effective at lowering Mn2+ uptake. In conclusion, a hierarchy of those agents which influence Mn2+ uptake was established to enhance understanding of how Mn2+ enters cells in a cultured slice preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Petrus
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexia Daoust
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Steve Dodd
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alan P. Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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6
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Ringler E, Coates M, Cobo-Cuan A, Harris NG, Narins PM. MEMRI for visualizing brain activity after auditory stimulation in frogs. Behav Neurosci 2019; 133:329-340. [PMID: 31045394 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anuran amphibians are common model organisms in bioacoustics and neurobiology. To date, however, most available methods for studying auditory processing in frogs are highly invasive and thus do not allow for longitudinal study designs, nor do they provide a global view of the brain, which substantially limits the questions that can be addressed. The goal of this study was to identify areas in the frog brain that are responsible for auditory processing using in vivo manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). We were interested in determining if the neural processing of socially relevant acoustic stimuli (e.g., species-specific calls) engages a specific pattern of brain activation that differs from patterns elicited by less- or nonrelevant acoustic signals. We thus designed an experiment, in which we presented three different types of acoustic stimuli (species-specific calls, band-limited noise, or silence) to fully awake northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and then conducted MEMRI T1-weighted imaging to investigate differences in signal intensity due to manganese uptake as an indication of brain activity across all three conditions. We found the greatest change in signal intensity within the torus semicircularis (the principal central auditory region), the habenula, and the paraphysis of frogs that had been exposed to conspecific calls compared with noise or silence conditions. Stimulation with noise did not result in the same activation patterns, indicating that signals with contrasting social relevance are differentially processed in these areas of the amphibian brain. MEMRI provides a powerful approach to studying brain activity with high spatial resolution in frogs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ringler
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
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Saar G, Millo CM, Szajek LP, Bacon J, Herscovitch P, Koretsky AP. Anatomy, Functionality, and Neuronal Connectivity with Manganese Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:562-574. [PMID: 29396750 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Manganese ion has been extensively used as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent in preclinical studies to assess tissue anatomy, function, and neuronal connectivity. Unfortunately, its use in human studies has been limited by cellular toxicity and the need to use a very low dose. The much higher sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) over MRI enables the use of lower concentrations of manganese, potentially expanding the methodology to humans. PROCEDURES PET tracers manganese-51 (Mn-51, t1/2 = 46 min) and manganese-52 (Mn-52, t1/2 = 5.6 days) were used in this study. The biodistribution of manganese in animals in the brain and other tissues was studied as well as the uptake in the pancreas after glucose stimulation as a functional assay. Finally, neuronal connectivity in the olfactory pathway following nasal administration of the divalent radioactive Mn-52 ([52Mn]Mn2+) was imaged. RESULTS PET imaging with the divalent radioactive Mn-51 ([51Mn]Mn2+) and [52Mn]Mn2+ in both rodents and monkeys demonstrates that the accumulation of activity in different organs is similar to that observed in rodent MRI studies following systemic administration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of manganese to enter excitable cells. We followed activity-induced [51Mn]Mn2+ accumulation in the pancreas after glucose stimulation and showed that [52Mn]Mn2+ can be used to trace neuronal connections analogous to manganese-enhanced MRI neuronal tracing studies. CONCLUSIONS The results were consistent with manganese-enhanced MRI studies, despite the much lower manganese concentration used for PET (100 mM Mn2+ for MRI compared to ~ 0.05 mM for PET). This indicates that uptake and transport mechanisms are comparable even at low PET doses. This helps establish the use of manganese-based radiotracers in both preclinical and clinical studies to assess anatomy, function, and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Corina M Millo
- PET Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence P Szajek
- PET Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeff Bacon
- PET Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- PET Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Saar G, Koretsky AP. Manganese Enhanced MRI for Use in Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 12:114. [PMID: 30666190 PMCID: PMC6330305 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been extensively used in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontal-temporal dementia (FTD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MRI is important for monitoring the neurodegenerative components in other diseases such as epilepsy, stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has been used in many preclinical studies to image anatomy and cytoarchitecture, to obtain functional information in areas of the brain and to study neuronal connections. This is due to Mn2+ ability to enter excitable cells through voltage gated calcium channels and be actively transported in an anterograde manner along axons and across synapses. The broad range of information obtained from MEMRI has led to the use of Mn2+ in many animal models of neurodegeneration which has supplied important insight into brain degeneration in preclinical studies. Here we provide a brief review of MEMRI use in neurodegenerative diseases and in diseases with neurodegenerative components in animal studies and discuss the potential translation of MEMRI to clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Cloyd RA, Koren SA, Abisambra JF. Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Overview and Central Nervous System Applications With a Focus on Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:403. [PMID: 30618710 PMCID: PMC6300587 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) rose to prominence in the 1990s as a sensitive approach to high contrast imaging. Following the discovery of manganese conductance through calcium-permeable channels, MEMRI applications expanded to include functional imaging in the central nervous system (CNS) and other body systems. MEMRI has since been employed in the investigation of physiology in many animal models and in humans. Here, we review historical perspectives that follow the evolution of applied MRI research into MEMRI with particular focus on its potential toxicity. Furthermore, we discuss the more current in vivo investigative uses of MEMRI in CNS investigations and the brief but decorated clinical usage of chelated manganese compound mangafodipir in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Cloyd
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience & Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience & Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Kim SY, Heo H, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Oh SH. Neural Plastic Changes in the Subcortical Auditory Neural Pathway after Single-Sided Deafness in Adult Mice: A MEMRI Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8624745. [PMID: 30599000 PMCID: PMC6287207 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8624745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-sided deafness (SSD) induces cortical neural plastic changes according to duration of deafness. However, it is still unclear how the auditory cortical changes accompany the subcortical neural changes. The present study aimed to find the neural plastic changes in the cortical and subcortical auditory system following adult-onset single-sided deafness (SSD) using Mn-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). B57BL/6 mice (postnatal 8-week-old) were divided into three groups: the SSD-4-week group (postnatal 12-week-old, n = 11), the SSD-8-week group (postnatal 16-week-old, n = 11), and a normal-hearing control group (postnatal 8-week-old, n = 9). The left cochlea was ablated in the SSD groups. White Gaussian noise was delivered for 24 h before MEMRI acquisition. T1-weighted MRI data were analyzed from the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), lateral lemniscus (LL), inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MG), and auditory cortex (AC). The differences in relative Mn2+-enhanced signal intensities (Mn2+SI) and laterality were analyzed between the groups. Four weeks after the SSD procedure, the ipsilateral side of the SSD showed significantly lower Mn2+SI in the CN than the control group. On the other hand, the contralateral side of the SSD demonstrated significantly lower Mn2+SI in the SOC, LL, and IC. These decreased Mn2+SI values were partially recovered at 8 weeks after the SSD procedure. The interaural Mn2+SI differences representing the interaural dominance were highest in CN and then became less prominently higher in the auditory neural system. The SSD-8-week group still showed interaural differences in the CN, LL, and IC. In contrast, the MG and AC did not show any significant intergroup or interaural differences in Mn2+SI. In conclusion, subcortical auditory neural activities were decreased after SSD, and the interaural differences were diluted in the higher auditory nervous system. These findings were attenuated with time. Subcortical auditory neural changes after SSD may contribute to the change in tinnitus severity and the outcomes of cochlear implantation in SSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Muca A, Standafer E, Apawu AK, Ahmad F, Ghoddoussi F, Hali M, Warila J, Berkowitz BA, Holt AG. Tinnitus and temporary hearing loss result in differential noise-induced spatial reorganization of brain activity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2343-2360. [PMID: 29488007 PMCID: PMC6129978 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Loud noise frequently results in hyperacusis or hearing loss (i.e., increased or decreased sensitivity to sound). These conditions are often accompanied by tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and changes in spontaneous neuronal activity (SNA). The ability to differentiate the contributions of hyperacusis and hearing loss to neural correlates of tinnitus has yet to be achieved. Towards this purpose, we used a combination of behavior, electrophysiology, and imaging tools to investigate two models of noise-induced tinnitus (either with temporary hearing loss or with permanent hearing loss). Manganese (Mn2+) uptake was used as a measure of calcium channel function and as an index of SNA. Manganese uptake was examined in vivo with manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) in key auditory brain regions implicated in tinnitus. Following acoustic trauma, MEMRI, the SNA index, showed evidence of spatially dependent rearrangement of Mn2+ uptake within specific brain nuclei (i.e., reorganization). Reorganization of Mn2+ uptake in the superior olivary complex and cochlear nucleus was dependent upon tinnitus status. However, reorganization of Mn2+ uptake in the inferior colliculus was dependent upon hearing sensitivity. Furthermore, following permanent hearing loss, reduced Mn2+ uptake was observed. Overall, by combining testing for hearing sensitivity, tinnitus, and SNA, our data move forward the possibility of discriminating the contributions of hyperacusis and hearing loss to tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Muca
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Emily Standafer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aaron K Apawu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Farhad Ghoddoussi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mirabela Hali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - James Warila
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI, USA.
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12
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Blazquez Freches G, Chavarrias C, Shemesh N. BOLD-fMRI in the mouse auditory pathway. Neuroimage 2018; 165:265-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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13
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Bedenk BT, Almeida-Corrêa S, Jurik A, Dedic N, Grünecker B, Genewsky AJ, Kaltwasser SF, Riebe CJ, Deussing JM, Czisch M, Wotjak CT. Mn 2+ dynamics in manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI): Ca v1.2 channel-mediated uptake and preferential accumulation in projection terminals. Neuroimage 2017; 169:374-382. [PMID: 29277401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) exploits the biophysical similarity of Ca2+ and Mn2+ to map the brain's activity in vivo. However, to what extent different Ca2+ channels contribute to the enhanced signal that MEMRI provides and how Mn2+ dynamics influence Mn2+ brain accumulation after systemic administration of MnCl2 are not yet fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking the L-type Ca2+ channel 1.2 (Cav1.2) in the CNS show approximately 50% less increase in MEMRI contrast after repeated systemic MnCl2 injections, as compared to control mice. In contrast, genetic deletion of L-type Ca2+ channel 1.3 (Cav1.3) did not reduce signal. Brain structure- or cell type-specific deletion of Cav1.2 in combination with voxel-wise MEMRI analysis revealed a preferential accumulation of Mn2+ in projection terminals, which was confirmed by local MnCl2 administration to defined brain areas. Taken together, we provide unequivocal evidence that Cav1.2 represents an important channel for neuronal Mn2+ influx after systemic injections. We also show that after neuronal uptake, Mn2+ preferentially accumulates in projection terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt T Bedenk
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Core Unit Neuroimaging, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Suellen Almeida-Corrêa
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Jurik
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Dedic
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Grünecker
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Core Unit Neuroimaging, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J Genewsky
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian F Kaltwasser
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Caitlin J Riebe
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Core Unit Neuroimaging, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. Stress Neurobiology & Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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14
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Imaging neuronal pathways with 52Mn PET: Toxicity evaluation in rats. Neuroimage 2017; 158:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Topping GJ, Yung A, Schaffer P, Hoehr C, Kornelsen R, Kozlowski P, Sossi V. Manganese concentration mapping in the rat brain with MRI, PET, and autoradiography. Med Phys 2017; 44:4056-4067. [PMID: 28444763 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mn2+ is used as a contrast agent and marker for neuronal activity with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rats and mice, but its accumulation is generally not assessed quantitatively. In this work, nonradioactive Mn and 52 Mn are injected simultaneously in rats, and imaged with MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) and autoradiography (AR). Mn distributions are compared between modalities, to assess the potential and limitations on quantification of Mn with MRI, and to investigate the potential of multimodal measurement of Mn accumulation. METHODS MRI (in vivo), PET (in vivo and post mortem), and AR (ex vivo) were acquired of rat brains, for which animals received simultaneous intraperitoneal (IP) or intracerebrovertricular (ICV)-targeted injections containing the positron-emitting radionuclide 52 Mn and additional nonradioactive MnCl2 , which acts as an MRI contrast agent. Pre and postinjection MR images were fit for the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), coregistered, and subtracted to generate R1 difference maps, which are expected to be proportional to change in Mn concentration in tissue. AR and PET images were coregistered to smoothed R1 difference maps. RESULTS Similar spatial distributions were seen across modalities, with Mn accumulation in the colliculus, near the injection site, and in the 4th ventricle. There was no 52 Mn accumulation measurable with PET in the brain after IP injection. In areas of very highly localized and concentrated 52 Mn accumulation in PET or AR, consistent increases of R1 were not seen with MRI. Scatter plots of corresponding voxel R1 difference and PET or AR signal intensity were generated and fit with least squares linear models within anatomical regions. Linear correlations were observed, particularly in regions away from very highly localized and concentrated Mn accumulation at the injection site and the 4th ventricle. Accounting for radioactive decay of 52 Mn, the MnCl2 longitudinal relaxivity was between 4.0 and 5.1 s-1 /mM, which is within 22% of the in vitro relaxivity. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that MR has strong potential for quantitative assessment of Mn accumulation in the brain, although local discrepancies from linear correlation suggest limitations to this use of MR in areas of inflammation or very high concentrations of Mn. These discrepancies also suggest that a combination of modalities may have additional utility for discriminating between different pools of Mn accumulation in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada.,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Andrew Yung
- MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Nuclear Medicine, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Nuclear Medicine, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Rick Kornelsen
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
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16
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Atanasijevic T, Bouraoud N, McGavern DB, Koretsky AP. Transcranial manganese delivery for neuronal tract tracing using MEMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 156:146-154. [PMID: 28506873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the use of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) for neuronal tract tracing in mammals, especially in rodents. For this MEMRI application, manganese solutions are usually directly injected into specific brain regions. Recently it was reported that manganese ions can diffuse through intact rat skull. Here the local manganese concentrations in the brain tissue after transcranial manganese application were quantified and the effectiveness of tracing from the area under the skull where delivery occurred was determined. It was established that transcranially applied manganese yields brain tissue enhancement dependent on the location of application on the skull and that manganese that enters the brain transcranially can trace to deeper brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Atanasijevic
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nadia Bouraoud
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Multi-system state shifts and cognitive deficits induced by chronic morphine during abstinence. Neurosci Lett 2017; 640:144-151. [PMID: 27984200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic morphine administration induces neural plasticity followed by withdraw. And clinic observation indicates that obvious cognitive deficits are found during withdrawal. However, current neural substrates that regulate dysfunction in withdrawal are unknown. In our studies, chronic morphine administration was used to induce the spontaneous withdrawal model in rats. A series of cognitive abilities was tested to explore brain function. To further evaluate the neural substrates of dysfunction, Manganese-enhanced MRI(MEMRI) was used to map the dysfunctional regions in vivo.We observed that chronic morphine administration could induce obvious withdrawal behaviors in abstinence followed by cognitive impairments, such as impairments in working memory, reward, interaction and enhancement of anxiety. Our in-vivo MEMRI data using the voxel-wise comparisons showed that the manganese-enhanced signal intensity (VMI) within morphine withdrawal groups was increased in cingulate cortex (Cg), secondary motor cortex (M2), CA3 subfield of hippocampus, dorsal striatum (D-striatum), retrosplenial cortex (RS), shell subregion of NAc (AcbSh), core subregion of NAc (AcbC), central nucleus of amygdala (CeC), basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BLA), central amygdaloid nucleus (CeM), anterior hypothalamic area, central (AHC), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and scaphoid thalamic nucleus (SC).However, decreasing of VMI was found in the ventrolateral striatum (V-striatum) and lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (LP) compared to the control group. These brain regions were beleived to be components of the memory, executive, limbic and regulatory systems. Therefore, our present studies indicate that withdrawal induced by chronic morphine adiministration could disturb brain function leading to multi-systems state shifts and cognitive deficits in abstinence.
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18
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Tang Z, Wu L, Xiao Z, Feng X, Sun X, Tang W, Wang J, Jin L. Manganese-enhanced MRI (ME MRI) in evaluation of the auditory pathway in an experimental rat model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3677. [PMID: 27976435 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the optimal dose and manner of administration for visualization of the auditory pathway on manganese-enhanced MRI (ME MRI). Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 8 for Groups A, B and C). The rats in Groups A, B and C were subjected to MnCl2 injection through the tympanum, inner ear endolymph and perilymph, respectively (0.2 M for four rats and 0.4 M for the others in each group) and observed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days after the operation with 3.0 T MRI. The signal intensity (SI) and dynamic changes of the auditory pathways at various times, and at two doses through three injection routes, were compared by statistical analysis. Administration of MnCl2 through the perilymph best showed the complete auditory pathway (P < 0.01), whereas administration though the tympanum only demonstrated part of the pathway. The SI was highest at 24 h after administration of the tracer and began to decline at 48 h. The SI of the auditory cortex was higher after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 than that of 0.2 M MnCl2 . ME MRI best demonstrated the whole auditory pathway at 24 h after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 through the perilymph in the rat, which provided an optimal method for the study of ME MRI of the auditory pathway in the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Jin
- Siemens Ltd. Healthcare Sector, Shanghai, China
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19
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Gálosi R, Szalay C, Aradi M, Perlaki G, Pál J, Steier R, Lénárd L, Karádi Z. Identifying non-toxic doses of manganese for manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to map brain areas activated by operant behavior in trained rats. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 37:122-133. [PMID: 27889621 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) offers unique advantages such as studying brain activation in freely moving rats, but its usefulness has not been previously evaluated during operant behavior training. Manganese in a form of MnCl2, at a dose of 20mg/kg, was intraperitoneally infused. The administration was repeated and separated by 24h to reach the dose of 40mg/kg or 60mg/kg, respectively. Hepatotoxicity of the MnCl2 was evaluated by determining serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin and protein levels. Neurological examination was also carried out. The animals were tested in visual cue discriminated operant task. Imaging was performed using a 3T clinical MR scanner. T1 values were determined before and after MnCl2 administrations. Manganese-enhanced images of each animal were subtracted from their baseline images to calculate decrease in the T1 value (ΔT1) voxel by voxel. The subtracted T1 maps of trained animals performing visual cue discriminated operant task, and those of naive rats were compared. The dose of 60mg/kg MnCl2 showed hepatotoxic effect, but even these animals did not exhibit neurological symptoms. The dose of 20 and 40mg/kg MnCl2 increased the number of omissions and did not affect the accuracy of performing the visual cue discriminated operant task. Using the accumulated dose of 40mg/kg, voxels with a significant enhanced ΔT1 value were detected in the following brain areas of the visual cue discriminated operant behavior performed animals compared to those in the controls: the visual, somatosensory, motor and premotor cortices, the insula, cingulate, ectorhinal, entorhinal, perirhinal and piriform cortices, hippocampus, amygdala with amygdalohippocampal areas, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens core, substantia nigra, and retrorubral field. In conclusion, the MEMRI proved to be a reliable method to accomplish brain activity mapping in correlation with the operant behavior of freely moving rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gálosi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Szalay
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | | | - Gábor Perlaki
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Pál
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roy Steier
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School of University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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20
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Zhang X, Bi A, Gao Q, Zhang S, Huang K, Liu Z, Gao T, Zeng W. Advances of Molecular Imaging for Monitoring the Anatomical and Functional Architecture of the Olfactory System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:4-14. [PMID: 26616533 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory system of organisms serves as a genetically and anatomically model for studying how sensory input can be translated into behavior output. Some neurologic diseases are considered to be related to olfactory disturbance, especially Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and so forth. However, it is still unclear how the olfactory system affects disease generation processes and olfaction delivery processes. Molecular imaging, a modern multidisciplinary technology, can provide valid tools for the early detection and characterization of diseases, evaluation of treatment, and study of biological processes in living subjects, since molecular imaging applies specific molecular probes as a novel approach to produce special data to study biological processes in cellular and subcellular levels. Recently, molecular imaging plays a key role in studying the activation of olfactory system, thus it could help to prevent or delay some diseases. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the research progress of the imaging probes for visualizing olfactory system, which is classified on different imaging modalities, including PET, MRI, and optical imaging. Additionally, the probes' design, sensing mechanism, and biological application are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quansheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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21
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Suero-Abreu GA, Praveen Raju G, Aristizábal O, Volkova E, Wojcinski A, Houston EJ, Pham D, Szulc KU, Colon D, Joyner AL, Turnbull DH. In vivo Mn-enhanced MRI for early tumor detection and growth rate analysis in a mouse medulloblastoma model. Neoplasia 2015; 16:993-1006. [PMID: 25499213 PMCID: PMC4309249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that often forms in the cerebellum. A major goal of ongoing research is to better understand the early stages of tumorigenesis and to establish the genetic and environmental changes that underlie MB initiation and growth. However, studies of MB progression in mouse models are difficult due to the heterogeneity of tumor onset times and growth patterns and the lack of clinical symptoms at early stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical for noninvasive, longitudinal, three-dimensional (3D) brain tumor imaging in the clinic but is limited in resolution and sensitivity for imaging early MBs in mice. In this study, high-resolution (100 μm in 2 hours) and high-throughput (150 μm in 15 minutes) manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) protocols were optimized for early detection and monitoring of MBs in a Patched-1 (Ptch1) conditional knockout (CKO) model. The high tissue contrast obtained with MEMRI revealed detailed cerebellar morphology and enabled detection of MBs over a wide range of stages including pretumoral lesions as early as 2 to 3 weeks postnatal with volumes close to 0.1 mm3. Furthermore, longitudinal MEMRI allowed noninvasive monitoring of tumors and demonstrated that lesions within and between individuals have different tumorigenic potentials. 3D volumetric studies allowed quantitative analysis of MB tumor morphology and growth rates in individual Ptch1-CKO mice. These results show that MEMRI provides a powerful method for early in vivo detection and longitudinal imaging of MB progression in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A Suero-Abreu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Praveen Raju
- Developmental Biology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orlando Aristizábal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Volkova
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Wojcinski
- Developmental Biology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward J Houston
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamila U Szulc
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Colon
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra L Joyner
- Developmental Biology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Malheiros JM, Paiva FF, Longo BM, Hamani C, Covolan L. Manganese-Enhanced MRI: Biological Applications in Neuroscience. Front Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26217304 PMCID: PMC4498388 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive tool to investigate biological systems. The administration of the paramagnetic divalent ion manganese (Mn2+) enhances MRI contrast in vivo. Due to similarities between Mn2+ and calcium (Ca2+), the premise of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) is that the former may enter neurons and other excitable cells through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. As such, MEMRI has been used to trace neuronal pathways, define morphological boundaries, and study connectivity in morphological and functional imaging studies. In this article, we provide a brief overview of MEMRI and discuss recently published data to illustrate the usefulness of this method, particularly in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Moraes Malheiros
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil ; Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia In vivo por Ressonância Magnética, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Fernando Fernandes Paiva
- Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia In vivo por Ressonância Magnética, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Clement Hamani
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil ; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Luciene Covolan
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
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Voltage-gated calcium channels: Determinants of channel function and modulation by inorganic cations. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 129:1-36. [PMID: 25817891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) represent a key link between electrical signals and non-electrical processes, such as contraction, secretion and transcription. Evolved to achieve high rates of Ca(2+)-selective flux, they possess an elaborate mechanism for selection of Ca(2+) over foreign ions. It has been convincingly linked to competitive binding in the pore, but the fundamental question of how this is reconcilable with high rates of Ca(2+) transfer remains unanswered. By virtue of their similarity to Ca(2+), polyvalent cations can interfere with the function of VGCCs and have proven instrumental in probing the mechanisms underlying selective permeation. Recent emergence of crystallographic data on a set of Ca(2+)-selective model channels provides a structural framework for permeation in VGCCs, and warrants a reconsideration of their diverse modulation by polyvalent cations, which can be roughly separated into three general mechanisms: (I) long-range interactions with charged regions on the surface, affecting the local potential sensed by the channel or influencing voltage-sensor movement by repulsive forces (electrostatic effects), (II) short-range interactions with sites in the ion-conducting pathway, leading to physical obstruction of the channel (pore block), and in some cases (III) short-range interactions with extracellular binding sites, leading to non-electrostatic modifications of channel gating (allosteric effects). These effects, together with the underlying molecular modifications, provide valuable insights into the function of VGCCs, and have important physiological and pathophysiological implications. Allosteric suppression of some of the pore-forming Cavα1-subunits (Cav2.3, Cav3.2) by Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) may play a major role for the regulation of excitability by endogenous transition metal ions. The fact that these ions can often traverse VGCCs can contribute to the detrimental intracellular accumulation of metal ions following excessive release of endogenous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) or exposure to non-physiological toxic metal ions.
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Poole DS, Plenge E, Poot DHJ, Lakke EAJF, Niessen WJ, Meijering E, van der Weerd L. Three-dimensional inversion recovery manganese-enhanced MRI of mouse brain using super-resolution reconstruction to visualize nuclei involved in higher brain function. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:749-759. [PMID: 24817644 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of activity in mouse brain using inversion recovery spin echo (IR-SE) manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) provides unique contrast, but suffers from poor resolution in the slice-encoding direction. Super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) is a resolution-enhancing post-processing technique in which multiple low-resolution slice stacks are combined into a single volume of high isotropic resolution using computational methods. In this study, we investigated, first, whether SRR can improve the three-dimensional resolution of IR-SE MEMRI in the slice selection direction, whilst maintaining or improving the contrast-to-noise ratio of the two-dimensional slice stacks. Second, the contrast-to-noise ratio of SRR IR-SE MEMRI was compared with a conventional three-dimensional gradient echo (GE) acquisition. Quantitative experiments were performed on a phantom containing compartments of various manganese concentrations. The results showed that, with comparable scan times, the signal-to-noise ratio of three-dimensional GE acquisition is higher than that of SRR IR-SE MEMRI. However, the contrast-to-noise ratio between different compartments can be superior with SRR IR-SE MEMRI, depending on the chosen inversion time. In vivo experiments were performed in mice receiving manganese using an implanted osmotic pump. The results showed that SRR works well as a resolution-enhancing technique in IR-SE MEMRI experiments. In addition, the SRR image also shows a number of brain structures that are more clearly discernible from the surrounding tissues than in three-dimensional GE acquisition, including a number of nuclei with specific higher brain functions, such as memory, stress, anxiety and reward behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S Poole
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jung DJ, Han M, Jin SU, Lee SH, Park I, Cho HJ, Kwon TJ, Lee HJ, Cho JH, Lee KY, Chang Y. Functional mapping of the auditory tract in rodent tinnitus model using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2014; 100:642-9. [PMID: 24983712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of salicylate-induced tinnitus have demonstrated that salicylate modulates neuronal activity in several brain structures leading to neuronal hyperactivity in auditory and non-auditory brain areas. In addition, these animal tinnitus models indicate that tinnitus can be a perceptual consequence of altered spontaneous neural activity along the auditory pathway. Peripheral and/or central effects of salicylate can account for neuronal activity changes in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Because of this ambiguity, an in vivo imaging study would be able to address the peripheral and/or central involvement of salicylate-induced tinnitus. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a novel manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) method to map the in vivo functional auditory tract in a salicylate-induced tinnitus animal model by administrating manganese through the round window. We found that acute salicylate-induced tinnitus resulted in higher manganese uptake in the cochlea and in the central auditory structures. Furthermore, serial MRI scans demonstrated that the manganese signal increased in an anterograde fashion from the cochlea to the cochlear nucleus. Therefore, our in vivo MEMRI data suggest that acute salicylate-induced tinnitus is associated with higher spontaneous neural activity both in peripheral and central auditory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Han
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Jin
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Daegu Veterans Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilyong Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Kwon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Joong Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yup Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reveals increased DOI-induced brain activity in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2492-500. [PMID: 24889602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323287111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk for schizophrenia in offspring. In rodent models, maternal immune activation (MIA) yields offspring with schizophrenia-like behaviors. None of these behaviors are, however, specific to schizophrenia. The presence of hallucinations is a key diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia. In mice, this symptom can be defined as brain activation in the absence of external stimuli, which can be mimicked by administration of hallucinogens. We find that, compared with controls, adult MIA offspring display an increased stereotypical behavioral response to the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), an agonist for serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2AR). This may be explained by increased levels of 5-HT2AR and downstream signaling molecules in unstimulated MIA prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify neuronal activation elicited by DOI administration, we find that, compared with controls, MIA offspring exhibit a greater manganese (Mn(2+)) accumulation in several brain areas, including the PFC, thalamus, and striatum. The parafascicular thalamic nucleus, which plays the role in the pathogenesis of hallucinations, is activated by DOI in MIA offspring only. Additionally, compared with controls, MIA offspring demonstrate higher DOI-induced expression of early growth response protein 1, cyclooxygenase-2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the PFC. Chronic treatment with the 5-HT2AR antagonist ketanserin reduces DOI-induced head twitching in MIA offspring. Thus, the MIA mouse model can be successfully used to investigate activity induced by DOI in awake, behaving mice. Moreover, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a useful, noninvasive method for accurately measuring this type of activity.
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Daducci A, Tambalo S, Fiorini S, Osculati F, Teti M, Fabene PF, Corsi M, Bifone A, Sbarbati A, Marzola P. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the interferon-α model of depression in rats. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim H, Cho J, Kim YR, Song Y, Chun SI, Suh JY, Kim JK, Ryu YH, Choi SM, Cho H, Cho G. Response of the primary auditory and non-auditory cortices to acoustic stimulation: a manganese-enhanced MRI study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90427. [PMID: 24618696 PMCID: PMC3949704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional features of various cerebral cortices have been extensively explored in neuroscience research. We used manganese-enhanced MRI, a non-invasive method for examining stimulus-dependent activity in the whole brain, to investigate the activity in the layers of primary cortices and sensory, such as auditory and olfactory, pathways under acoustic stimulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, either with or without exposure to auditory stimulation, were scanned before and 24-29 hour after systemic MnCl2 injection. Cortex linearization and layer-dependent signal extraction were subsequently performed for detecting layer-specific cortical activity. We found stimulus-dependent activity in the deep layers of the primary auditory cortex and the auditory pathways. The primary sensory and visual cortices also showed the enhanced activity, whereas the olfactory pathways did not. Further, we performed correlation analysis of the signal intensity ratios among different layers of each cortex, and compared the strength of correlations between with and without the auditory stimulation. In the primary auditory cortex, the correlation strength between left and right hemisphere showed a slight but not significant increase with the acoustic simulation, whereas, in the primary sensory and visual cortex, the correlation coefficients were significantly smaller. These results suggest the possibility that even though the primary auditory, sensory, and visual cortices showed enhanced activity to the auditory stimulation, these cortices had different associations for auditory processing in the brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Division of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junghun Cho
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Young R. Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Youngkyu Song
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Song-I Chun
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Suh
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Ryu
- Division of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Choi
- Division of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Cho
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gyunggoo Cho
- Division of MR, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk, South Korea
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Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI): a powerful new imaging method to study tinnitus. Hear Res 2014; 311:49-62. [PMID: 24583078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a method used primarily in basic science experiments to advance the understanding of information processing in central nervous system pathways. With this mechanistic approach, manganese (Mn(2+)) acts as a calcium surrogate, whereby voltage-gated calcium channels allow for activity driven entry of Mn(2+) into neurons. The detection and quantification of neuronal activity via Mn(2+) accumulation is facilitated by "hemodynamic-independent contrast" using high resolution MRI scans. This review emphasizes initial efforts to-date in the development and application of MEMRI for evaluating tinnitus (the perception of sound in the absence of overt acoustic stimulation). Perspectives from leaders in the field highlight MEMRI related studies by comparing and contrasting this technique when tinnitus is induced by high-level noise exposure and salicylate administration. Together, these studies underscore the considerable potential of MEMRI for advancing the field of auditory neuroscience in general and tinnitus research in particular. Because of the technical and functional gaps that are filled by this method and the prospect that human studies are on the near horizon, MEMRI should be of considerable interest to the auditory research community. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Annual Reviews 2014>.
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The inferior colliculus is involved in deviant sound detection as revealed by BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 2014; 91:220-7. [PMID: 24486979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of deviant sounds is a crucial property of the auditory system because it increases the saliency of biologically important, unexpected sounds. The oddball paradigm in which a deviant sound is randomly interspersed among a train of standard sounds has been traditionally used to study this property in mammals. Currently, most human studies have only revealed the involvement of cortical regions in this property. Recently, several animal electrophysiological studies have reported that neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) exhibit reduced responses to a standard sound but restore their responses at the occurrence of a deviant sound (i.e., stimulus-specific adaptation or SSA), suggesting that the IC may also be involved in deviance detection. However, by adopting an invasive method, these animal studies examined only a limited number of neurons. Although SSA appears to be more prominent in the external cortical nuclei of the IC for frequency deviant, a thorough investigation of this property throughout the IC using other deviants and efficient imaging techniques may provide more comprehensive information on this important phenomenon. In this study, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI with a large field of view was applied to investigate the role of the IC in deviance detection. Two sound tokens that had identical frequency spectrum but temporally inverted profiles were used as the deviant and standard. A control experiment showed that these two sounds evoked the same responses in the IC when they were separately presented. Two oddball experiments showed that the deviant induced higher responses than the standard (by 0.41±0.09% and 0.41±0.10%, respectively). The most activated voxels were in the medial side of the IC in both oddball experiments. The results clearly demonstrated that the IC is involved in deviance detection. BOLD fMRI detection of increased activities in the medial side of the IC to the deviant revealed the highly adaptive nature of a substantial population of neurons in this region, probably those that belong to the rostral or dorsal cortex of the IC. These findings highlighted the complexity of auditory information processing in the IC and may guide future studies of the functional organizations of this subcortical structure.
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31
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Lau C, Zhang JW, Cheng JS, Zhou IY, Cheung MM, Wu EX. Noninvasive fMRI investigation of interaural level difference processing in the rat auditory subcortex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70706. [PMID: 23940631 PMCID: PMC3733930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interaural level difference (ILD) is the difference in sound pressure level (SPL) between the two ears and is one of the key physical cues used by the auditory system in sound localization. Our current understanding of ILD encoding has come primarily from invasive studies of individual structures, which have implicated subcortical structures such as the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), lateral lemniscus (LL), and inferior colliculus (IC). Noninvasive brain imaging enables studying ILD processing in multiple structures simultaneously. Methods In this study, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used for the first time to measure changes in the hemodynamic responses in the adult Sprague-Dawley rat subcortex during binaural stimulation with different ILDs. Results and Significance Consistent responses are observed in the CN, SOC, LL, and IC in both hemispheres. Voxel-by-voxel analysis of the change of the response amplitude with ILD indicates statistically significant ILD dependence in dorsal LL, IC, and a region containing parts of the SOC and LL. For all three regions, the larger amplitude response is located in the hemisphere contralateral from the higher SPL stimulus. These findings are supported by region of interest analysis. fMRI shows that ILD dependence occurs in both hemispheres and multiple subcortical levels of the auditory system. This study is the first step towards future studies examining subcortical binaural processing and sound localization in animal models of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Condon Lau
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Fa Z, Zhang P, Wu W, Wang Z, Huang F, Yang L, Chang H, Xu R, Wen Z, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Jiang X. Functional mapping of rat brain activation following rTMS using activity-induced manganese-dependent contrast. Neurol Res 2013; 33:563-71. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132810y.0000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Jin SU, Lee JJ, Hong KS, Han M, Park JW, Lee HJ, Lee S, Lee KY, Shin KM, Cho JH, Cheong C, Chang Y. Intratympanic manganese administration revealed sound intensity and frequency dependent functional activity in rat auditory pathway. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1143-9. [PMID: 23659767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cochlear plays a vital role in the sense and sensitivity of hearing; however, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the relationships between mechanical transduction of sound at different intensities and frequencies in the cochlear and the neurochemical processes that lead to neuronal responses in the central auditory system. In the current study, we introduced manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), a convenient in vivo imaging method, for investigation of how sound, at different intensities and frequencies, is propagated from the cochlear to the central auditory system. Using MEMRI with intratympanic administration, we demonstrated differential manganese signal enhancements according to sound intensity and frequencies in the ascending auditory pathway of the rat after administration of intratympanic MnCl2.Compared to signal enhancement without explicit sound stimuli, auditory structures in the ascending auditory pathway showed stronger signal enhancement in rats who received sound stimuli of 10 and 40 kHz. In addition, signal enhancement with a stimulation frequency of 40 kHz was stronger than that with 10 kHz. Therefore, the results of this study seem to suggest that, in order to achieve an effective response to high sound intensity or frequency, more firing of auditory neurons, or firing of many auditory neurons together for the pooled neural activity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Jin
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Dongduk-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea
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Grünecker B, Kaltwasser SF, Zappe AC, Bedenk BT, Bicker Y, Spoormaker VI, Wotjak CT, Czisch M. Regional specificity of manganese accumulation and clearance in the mouse brain: implications for manganese-enhanced MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:542-556. [PMID: 23168745 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced MRI has recently become a valuable tool for the assessment of in vivo functional cerebral activity in animal models. As a result of the toxicity of manganese at higher dosages, fractionated application schemes have been proposed to reduce the toxic side effects by using lower concentrations per injection. Here, we present data on regional-specific manganese accumulation during a fractionated application scheme over 8 days of 30 mg/kg MnCl2 , as well as on the clearance of manganese chloride over the course of several weeks after the termination of the whole application protocol supplying an accumulative dose of 240 mg/kg MnCl2 . Our data show most rapid accumulation in the superior and inferior colliculi, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cornu ammonis of the hippocampus and globus pallidus. The data suggest that no ceiling effects occur in any region using the proposed application protocol. Therefore, a comparison of basal neuronal activity differences in different animal groups based on locally specific manganese accumulation is possible using fractionated application. Half-life times of manganese clearance varied between 5 and 7 days, and were longest in the periaqueductal gray, amygdala and entorhinal cortex. As the hippocampal formation shows one of the highest T1 -weighted signal intensities after manganese application, and manganese-induced memory impairment has been suggested, we assessed hippocampus-dependent learning as well as possible manganese-induced atrophy of the hippocampal volume. No interference of manganese application on learning was detected after 4 days of Mn(2+) application or 2 weeks after the application protocol. In addition, no volumetric changes induced by manganese application were found for the hippocampus at any of the measured time points. For longitudinal measurements (i.e. repeated manganese applications), a minimum of at least 8 weeks should be considered using the proposed protocol to allow for sufficient clearance of the paramagnetic ion from cerebral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grünecker
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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35
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Perspective of functional magnetic resonance imaging in middle ear research. Hear Res 2013; 301:183-92. [PMID: 23291496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have frequently been applied to study sensory system such as vision, language, and cognition, but have proceeded at a considerably slower speed in investigating middle ear and central auditory processing. This is due to several factors, including the intrinsic anatomy of the middle ear system and inherent acoustic noise during acquisition of MRI data. However, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that clarification of some fundamental neural underpinnings of audition associated with middle ear mechanics can be achieved using functional MRI methods. This mini review attempted to take a narrow snapshot of the currently available functional MRI procedures and gave examples of what may be learned about hearing from their application. It is hoped that with these technical advancements, many new high impact applications in audition would follow. In particular, because the fMRI can be used in humans and in animals, fMRI may represent a unique tool that should promote translational research by enabling parallel analyses of physiological and pathological processes in the human and animal auditory system. This article is part of a special issue entitled "MEMRO 2012".
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of sound pressure level encoding in the rat central auditory system. Neuroimage 2012; 65:119-26. [PMID: 23041525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensity is an important physical property of a sound wave and is customarily reported as sound pressure level (SPL). Invasive techniques such as electrical recordings, which typically examine one brain region at a time, have been used to study neuronal encoding of SPL throughout the central auditory system. Non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with large field of view can simultaneously examine multiple auditory structures. We applied fMRI to measure the hemodynamic responses in the rat brain during sound stimulation at seven SPLs over a 72 dB range. This study used a sparse temporal sampling paradigm to reduce the adverse effects of scanner noise. Hemodynamic responses were measured from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC), external cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC), lateral lemniscus (LL), medial geniculate body (MGB), and auditory cortex (AC). BOLD signal changes generally increase significantly (p<0.001) with SPL and the dependence is monotonic in CIC, ECIC, and LL. The ECIC has higher BOLD signal change than CIC and LL at high SPLs. The difference between BOLD signal changes at high and low SPLs is less in the MGB and AC. This suggests that the SPL dependences of the LL and IC are different from those in the MGB and AC and the SPL dependence of the CIC is different from that of the ECIC. These observations are likely related to earlier observations that neurons with firing rates that increase monotonically with SPL are dominant in the CIC, ECIC, and LL while non-monotonic neurons are dominant in the MGB and AC. Further, the IC's SPL dependence measured in this study is very similar to that measured in our earlier study using the continuous imaging method. Therefore, sparse temporal sampling may not be a prerequisite in auditory fMRI studies of the IC.
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Van Ruijssevelt L, Van der Kant A, De Groof G, Van der Linden A. Current state-of-the-art of auditory functional MRI (fMRI) on zebra finches: technique and scientific achievements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 107:156-69. [PMID: 22960664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Songbirds provide an excellent model system exhibiting vocal learning associated with an extreme brain plasticity linked to quantifiable behavioral changes. This animal model has thus far been intensively studied using electrophysiological, histological and molecular mapping techniques. However, these approaches do not provide a global view of the brain and/or do not allow repeated measures, which are necessary to establish correlations between alterations in neural substrate and behavior. In contrast, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive in vivo technique which allows one (i) to study brain function in the same subject over time, and (ii) to address the entire brain at once. During the last decades, fMRI has become one of the most popular neuroimaging techniques in cognitive neuroscience for the study of brain activity during various tasks ranging from simple sensory-motor to highly cognitive tasks. By alternating various stimulation periods with resting periods during scanning, resting and task-specific regional brain activity can be determined with this technique. Despite its obvious benefits, fMRI has, until now, only been sparsely used to study cognition in non-human species such as songbirds. The Bio-Imaging Lab (University of Antwerp, Belgium) was the first to implement Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) fMRI in songbirds - and in particular zebra finches - for the visualization of sound perception and processing in auditory and song control brain regions. The present article provides an overview of the establishment and optimization of this technique in our laboratory and of the resulting scientific findings. The introduction of fMRI in songbirds has opened new research avenues that permit experimental analysis of complex sensorimotor and cognitive processes underlying vocal communication in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Van Ruijssevelt
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Building Uc, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Yu X, Chung S, Chen DY, Wang S, Dodd SJ, Walters JR, Isaac JTR, Koretsky AP. Thalamocortical inputs show post-critical-period plasticity. Neuron 2012; 74:731-42. [PMID: 22632730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain has clinical potential for functional rehabilitation following central and peripheral nerve injuries. Here, plasticity induced by unilateral infraorbital (IO) nerve resection in 4-week-old rats was mapped using MRI and synaptic mechanisms were elucidated by slice electrophysiology. Functional MRI demonstrates a cortical potentiation compared to thalamus 2 weeks after IO nerve resection. Tracing thalamocortical (TC) projections with manganese-enhanced MRI revealed circuit changes in the spared layer 4 (L4) barrel cortex. Brain slice electrophysiology revealed TC input strengthening onto L4 stellate cells due to an increase in postsynaptic strength and the number of functional synapses. This work shows that the TC input is a site for robust plasticity after the end of the previously defined critical period for this input. Thus, TC inputs may represent a major site for adult plasticity in contrast to the consensus that adult plasticity mainly occurs at cortico-cortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Knapman A, Kaltwasser SF, Martins-de-Souza D, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Turck CW, Czisch M, Touma C. Increased stress reactivity is associated with reduced hippocampal activity and neuronal integrity along with changes in energy metabolism. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:412-22. [PMID: 22288479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from major depression have repeatedly been reported to have dysregulations in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity along with deficits in cognitive processes related to hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) malfunction. Here, we utilized three mouse lines selectively bred for high (HR), intermediate, or low (LR) stress reactivity, determined by the corticosterone response to a psychological stressor, probing the behavioral and functional consequences of increased vs. decreased HPA axis reactivity on the hippocampus and PFC. We assessed performance in hippocampus- and PFC-dependent tasks and determined the volume, basal activity, and neuronal integrity of the hippocampus and PFC using in vivo manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The hippocampal proteomes of HR and LR mice were also compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. HR mice were found to have deficits in the performance of hippocampus- and PFC-dependent tests and showed decreased N-acetylaspartate levels in the right dorsal hippocampus and PFC. In addition, the basal activity of the hippocampus, as assessed by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, was reduced in HR mice. The three mouse lines, however, did not differ in hippocampal volume. Proteomic analysis identified several proteins that were differentially expressed in HR and LR mice. In accordance with the notion that N-acetylaspartate levels, in part, reflect dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism, these proteins were found to be involved in energy metabolism pathways. Thus, our results provide further support for the involvement of a dysregulated HPA axis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology and pathophysiology of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Knapman
- Research Group of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Lutkenhoff E, Karlsgodt KH, Gutman B, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Cannon TD, Jentsch JD. Structural and functional neuroimaging phenotypes in dysbindin mutant mice. Neuroimage 2012; 62:120-9. [PMID: 22584233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder that is associated with a number of structural and functional neurophenotypes. DTNBP1, the gene encoding dysbindin-1, is a promising candidate gene for schizophrenia. Use of a mouse model carrying a large genomic deletion exclusively within the dysbindin gene permits a direct investigation of the gene in isolation. Here, we use manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to explore the regional alterations in brain structure and function caused by loss of the gene encoding dysbindin-1. We report novel findings that uniquely inform our understanding of the relationship of dysbindin-1 to known schizophrenia phenotypes. First, in mutant mice, analysis of the rate of manganese uptake into the brain over a 24-hour period, putatively indexing basal cellular activity, revealed differences in dopamine rich brain regions, as well as in CA1 and dentate subregions of the hippocampus formation. Finally, novel tensor-based morphometry techniques were applied to the mouse MRI data, providing evidence for structural volume deficits in cortical regions, subiculum and dentate gyrus, and the striatum of dysbindin mutant mice. The affected cortical regions were primarily localized to the sensory cortices in particular the auditory cortex. This work represents the first application of manganese-enhanced small animal imaging to a mouse model of schizophrenia endophenotypes, and a novel combination of functional and structural measures. It revealed both hypothesized and novel structural and functional neural alterations related to dysbindin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lutkenhoff
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Functional activity mapping of rat auditory pathway after intratympanic manganese administration. Neuroimage 2012; 60:1046-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Inoue T, Majid T, Pautler RG. Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI): neurophysiological applications. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:675-94. [PMID: 22098448 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese ion (Mn(2+)) is a calcium (Ca(2+)) analog that can enter neurons and other excitable cells through voltage gated Ca(2+) channels. Mn(2+) is also a paramagnetic that shortens the spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T(1)) of tissues where it has accumulated, resulting in positive contrast enhancement. Mn(2+) was first investigated as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent approximately 20 years ago to assess the toxicity of the metal in rats. In the late 1990s, Alan Koretsky and colleagues pioneered the use of manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) towards studying brain activity, tract tracing and enhancing anatomical detail. This review will describe the methodologies and applications of MEMRI in the following areas: monitoring brain activity in animal models, in vivo neuronal tract tracing and using MEMRI to assess in vivo axonal transport rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Inoue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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The possible impact of noise-induced Ca 2+ -dependent activity in the central auditory pathway: A manganese-enhanced MRI study. Neuroimage 2011; 57:190-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Fa Z, Zhang R, Li P, Zhang J, Zhang P, Zhu S, Wu Q, Huang F, Liu Y, Yang L, Chang H, Wen Z, Gao D, Zeng Y, Jiang X. Effects of temporarily disrupting BBB on activity-induced manganese-dependent functional MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2011; 5:181-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-011-9122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu X, Nieman BJ, Sudarov A, Szulc KU, Abdollahian DJ, Bhatia N, Lalwani AK, Joyner AL, Turnbull DH. Morphological and functional midbrain phenotypes in Fibroblast Growth Factor 17 mutant mice detected by Mn-enhanced MRI. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1251-8. [PMID: 21356319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing efforts to develop and utilize mouse models of a variety of neuro-developmental diseases, there is an urgent need for sensitive neuroimaging methods that enable in vivo analysis of subtle alterations in brain anatomy and function in mice. Previous studies have shown that the brains of Fibroblast Growth Factor 17 null mutants (Fgf17(-/-)) have anatomical abnormalities in the inferior colliculus (IC)-the auditory midbrain-and minor foliation defects in the cerebellum. In addition, changes in the expression domains of several cortical patterning genes were detected, without overt changes in forebrain morphology. Recently, it has also been reported that Fgf17(-/-) mutants have abnormal vocalization and social behaviors, phenotypes that could reflect molecular changes in the cortex and/or altered auditory processing / perception in these mice. We used manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to analyze the anatomical phenotype of Fgf17(-/-) mutants in more detail than achieved previously, detecting changes in IC, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and frontal cortex. We also used MEMRI to characterize sound-evoked activity patterns, demonstrating a significant reduction of the active IC volume in Fgf17(-/-) mice. Furthermore, tone-specific (16- and 40-kHz) activity patterns in the IC of Fgf17(-/-) mice were observed to be largely overlapping, in contrast to the normal pattern, separated along the dorsal-ventral axis. These results demonstrate that Fgf17 plays important roles in both the anatomical and functional development of the auditory midbrain, and show the utility of MEMRI for in vivo analyses of mutant mice with subtle brain defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
The use of manganese ions (Mn(2+)) as an MRI contrast agent was introduced over 20 years ago in studies of Mn(2+) toxicity in anesthetized rats (1). Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) evolved in the late nineties when Koretsky and associates pioneered the use of MEMRI for brain activity measurements (2) as well as neuronal tract tracing (3). Currently, MEMRI has three primary applications in biological systems: (1) contrast enhancement for anatomical detail, (2) activity-dependent assessment and (3) tracing of neuronal connections or tract tracing. MEMRI relies upon the following three main properties of Mn(2+): (1) it is a paramagnetic ion that shortens the spin lattice relaxation time constant (T(1)) of tissues, where it accumulates and hence functions as an excellent T(1) contrast agent; (2) it is a calcium (Ca(2+)) analog that can enter excitable cells, such as neurons and cardiac cells via voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels; and (3) once in the cells Mn(2+) can be transported along axons by microtubule-dependent axonal transport and can also cross synapses trans-synaptically to neighboring neurons. This chapter will emphasize the methodological approaches towards the use of MEMRI in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Massaad
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yang PF, Chen DY, Hu JW, Chen JH, Yen CT. Functional tracing of medial nociceptive pathways using activity-dependent manganese-enhanced MRI. Pain 2011; 152:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on contrasts that are due to the shortening of the T (1) relaxation time of tissue water protons that become exposed to paramagnetic manganese ions. In experimental animals, the technique combines the high spatial resolution achievable by MRI with the biological information gathered by tissue-specific or functionally induced accumulations of manganese. After in vivo administration, manganese ions may enter cells via voltage-gated calcium channels. In the nervous system, manganese ions are actively transported along the axon. Based on these properties, MEMRI is increasingly used to delineate neuroanatomical structures, assess differences in functional brain activity, and unravel neuronal connectivities in both healthy animals and models of neurological disorders. Because of the cellular toxicity of manganese, a major challenge for a successful MEMRI study is to achieve the lowest possible dose for a particular biological question. Moreover, the interpretation of MEMRI findings requires a profound knowledge of the behavior of manganese in complex organ systems under physiological and pathological conditions. Starting with an overview of manganese pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of toxicity, this chapter covers experimental methods and protocols for applications in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Boretius
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Holt AG, Bissig D, Mirza N, Rajah G, Berkowitz B. Evidence of key tinnitus-related brain regions documented by a unique combination of manganese-enhanced MRI and acoustic startle reflex testing. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14260. [PMID: 21179508 PMCID: PMC3002264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models continue to improve our understanding of tinnitus pathogenesis and aid in development of new treatments. However, there are no diagnostic biomarkers for tinnitus-related pathophysiology for use in awake, freely moving animals. To address this disparity, two complementary methods were combined to examine reliable tinnitus models (rats repeatedly administered salicylate or exposed to a single noise event): inhibition of acoustic startle and manganese-enhanced MRI. Salicylate-induced tinnitus resulted in wide spread supernormal manganese uptake compared to noise-induced tinnitus. Neither model demonstrated significant differences in the auditory cortex. Only in the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (DCIC) did both models exhibit supernormal uptake. Therefore, abnormal membrane depolarization in the DCIC appears to be important in tinnitus-mediated activity. Our results provide the foundation for future studies correlating the severity and longevity of tinnitus with hearing loss and neuronal activity in specific brain regions and tools for evaluating treatment efficacy across paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
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Howles GP, Qi Y, Johnson GA. Ultrasonic disruption of the blood-brain barrier enables in vivo functional mapping of the mouse barrel field cortex with manganese-enhanced MRI. Neuroimage 2010; 50:1464-71. [PMID: 20096789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains technically challenging. One approach, Activation-Induced Manganese-enhanced MRI (AIM MRI), has been used successfully to map neuronal activity in rodents. In AIM MRI, manganese(2+) acts a calcium analog and accumulates in depolarized neurons. Because manganese(2+) shortens T1, regions of elevated neuronal activity enhance in MRI. However, because manganese does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the need to osmotically disrupt the BBB has limited the use of AIM MRI, particularly in mice. In this work, the BBB was opened in mice using unfocused, transcranial ultrasound in combination with gas-filled microbubbles. Using this noninvasive technique to open the BBB bilaterally, manganese could be quickly administered to the whole mouse brain. With this approach, AIM MRI was used to map the neuronal response to unilateral mechanical stimulation of the vibrissae in lightly sedated mice. The resultant 3D activation map agreed well with published representations of the vibrissae regions of the barrel field cortex. The anterior portions of the barrel field cortex corresponding to the more rostral vibrissae showed greater activation, consistent with previous literature. Because the ultrasonic opening of the BBB is simple, fast, and noninvasive, this approach is suitable for high-throughput and longitudinal studies in awake mice. This approach enables a new way to map neuronal activity in mice with manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Howles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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