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Ezanno AC, Texier G, Marchi J, Fougerousse AC. Factors Affecting Wound Healing after the Wide Surgical Excision of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Lesions. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5598. [PMID: 39337085 PMCID: PMC11433379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease. Its management depends on the stage and extent of the disease. Surgery plays an important role in treatment options. This study explores the factors influencing healing after wide excision. Methods: This study analyzed data from patients who underwent wide excision for HS between 2016 and 2021. Results: A total of 160 patients (64.4% women) were included, with surgeries performed in the axillae (70), inguinal-ano-genital (73), and other locations (17, including gluteal). The mean TTWC was 74 ± 6 days, varying from 11 to 445 days. Factors negatively influencing TTWC included axillary localization (p < 0.001) and the presence of another inflammatory disease (p = 0.017). Factors positively influencing healing were smoking (<0.001) and previous or ongoing medical treatment (antibiotherapy or biologics) (p = 0.011). Obesity or being overweight did not impact the TTWC in multivariate analysis, although overweight was significant in univariate analysis. Conclusions: While smoking cessation remains important in the management of HS, it does not appear to be a prerequisite for successful surgical treatment. Conversely, patients with an inflammatory disease or those undergoing surgery for an axillary lesion exhibit slower healing and should be informed of potential healing delays before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cecile Ezanno
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Begin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Gaëtan Texier
- Armed Forces Epidemiology and Public Health Center, 13014 Marseille, France
- VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Joffrey Marchi
- Armed Forces Epidemiology and Public Health Center, 13014 Marseille, France
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2
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Shalabi S, Belayachi A, Larrivée B. Involvement of neuronal factors in tumor angiogenesis and the shaping of the cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1284629. [PMID: 38375479 PMCID: PMC10875004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1284629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that nerves within the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by nerves can interact with nearby blood vessels and tumor cells, influencing their behavior and modulating the angiogenic response. Moreover, nerve-derived signals may activate signaling pathways that enhance the production of pro-angiogenic factors within the tumor microenvironment, further supporting blood vessel growth around tumors. The intricate network of communication between neural constituents and the vascular system accentuates the potential of therapeutically targeting neural-mediated pathways as an innovative strategy to modulate tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, neoplastic proliferation. Hereby, we review studies that evaluate the precise molecular interplay and the potential clinical ramifications of manipulating neural elements for the purpose of anti-angiogenic therapeutics within the scope of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Shalabi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Belayachi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 PMCID: PMC10234254 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Miraj SS, Kurian SJ, Rodrigues GS, Saravu K, Rao M, Raychaudhuri SP, Downs BW, Bagchi D. Phytotherapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Promising Strategy for Effective Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:295-310. [PMID: 35512780 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2034069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in wound care, the effective therapy of chronic diabetic ulcers continues to be a challenge. Wound healing is a highly controlled process, which involves a sequence of complex overlapping steps. This healing pathway comprises of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Recent evidence suggests that phytomedicines can prevent or repair different kinds of destructive cellular damage, including chronic wounds. Several phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides have pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, the main step in wound healing. Besides, the mechanism involves induction of collagen synthesis, migration, and reepithelization and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. Similarly, the use of phytochemicals alone or as an adjuvant with standard therapy has demonstrated promising results in managing complications in the diabetic foot. For instance, the extract of Carica papaya has been shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which, together with proteolytic enzymatic activity, contributes to its wound healing property. It is generally believed that phytotherapy has no or minimal toxicity than synthetic therapeutic agents, favoring its use in diabetic foot ulcer management. The current review highlights the selected phytochemicals and their sources; and potential application in diabetic foot ulcer management.Key teaching points and nutritional relevanceCurrently, phytochemicals have been shown wide potential in disease. management including alleviating clinical manifestations, preventing degenerative disease, and curing illness.Increased evidence of phytochemical as anti-infective and anti-inflammatory suggests its role in the management of diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Potential benefit along with minimal adverse effect favors its application as adjuvant therapy.Further research is needed to standardize its dose and formulation to enhance its clinical application in DFU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Medical Centre, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of R&D, VNI Inc, Bonita Springs, Florida, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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5
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Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032045. [PMID: 36768369 PMCID: PMC9916402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss sympathetic regulation in normal and diabetic wound healing. Experimental denervation studies have confirmed that sympathetic nerve endings in skin have an important and complex role in wound healing. Vasoconstrictor neurons secrete norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Both mediators decrease blood flow and interact with inflammatory cells and keratinocytes. NE acts in an ambiguous way depending on receptor type. Beta2-adrenoceptors could be activated near sympathetic endings; they suppress inflammation and re-epithelialization. Alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors induce inflammation and activate keratinocytes. Sudomotor neurons secrete acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both induce vasodilatation, angiogenesis, inflammation, keratinocytes proliferation and migration. In healthy skin, all effects are important for successful healing. In treatment of diabetic ulcers, mediator balance could be shifted in different ways. Beta2-adrenoceptors blockade and nicotinic ACh receptors activation are the most promising directions in treatment of diabetic ulcers with neuropathy, but they require further research.
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Nwaji AR, Inwang U, Nwoke FA, Ante I. Changes in Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Nicotiana tabacum-treated Rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:153-156. [PMID: 35947840 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco, which is a product of Nicotiana tabacum, has nicotine as its principal phytochemical. Nicotine has been reported to be an addictive drug and the leading cause of tobacco addiction worldwide with consequent renal implications. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Nicotiana. tabacum on serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels as indices of renal function in male rats. A total of 18 male wistar rats weighing 140-230g were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), containing 6 rats each. Group A served as control while Group B and C were orally administered sublethal doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight of the Nicotiana. tabacum extract respectively once per day for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the serum concentration of sodium, potassium and urea levels of rats treated with the extract when compared with the control. However, serum concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate and creatinine showed no significant appreciable differences between the treated groups and the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study showed that aqueous extract of Nicotiana tabacum is associated with renal dysfunction with consequent hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, and may also suggest impaired urea clearance by the kidneys in male wistar rats.
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7
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Huang S, Wang X, Zhang M, Huang M, Yan Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Bu L, Fan R, Tang H, Zeng C, Zhang L, Zhang L. Activin B-activated Cdc42 signaling plays a key role in regulating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-mediated skin wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35690801 PMCID: PMC9188063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, activin B in combination with ADSCs enhances skin wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well studied. Cdc42 is recognized to play a critical role in the regulation of stem cells. METHODS Pull-down assay was performed to investigate the activity of Cdc42. The dominant-negative mutant of Cdc42 (Cdc42N17) was used to explore the role of Cdc42 in activin B-induced ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion in vitro. Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs were injected into a full-thickness excisional wound model to explore their efficiency in wound healing in vivo. The wound healing efficacy was evaluated by the wound closure rates and histological examination. The neovascularization and wound contraction were detected by immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 and α-SMA. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were explored by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Cdc42N17 inhibited ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion induced by activin B. Furthermore, Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs inhibited the wound closure rate and suppressed the expression of CD31 and α-SMA induced by activin B in vivo. The RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs versus ADSCs were associated with cell migration, proliferation, and adhesion. Further study revealed that the Cdc42-Erk-Srf pathway was required for activin B-induced proliferation in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Cdc42 plays a crucial role in ADSCs-mediated skin wound healing induced by activin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianbo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Bu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Guérif V, Atlan M, Cristofari S. Pathophysiology of nicotine, place of nicotine substitutes and electronic cigarettes in plastic surgery: A review of the literature. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2022; 67:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Khodabandeh Z, Valilo M, Velaei K, Pirpour Tazehkand A. The potential role of nicotine in breast cancer initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:778-789. [PMID: 35583594 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research studying the relationship between tobacco and cancer has led to the knowledge that smoking cigarettes adversely affects cancer treatment while contributing to the development of various tobacco-related cancers. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco smoke and promotes angiogenesis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while promoting growth and metastasis of tumors. Nicotine generally acts through the induction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), although the contribution of other receptor subunits has also been reported. Nicotine contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers including breast cancer through its carcinogens such as (4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Current study aims to review the mechanistic function of nicotine in the initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of breast cancer with the main focus on nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and nAChR-mediated signaling pathways as well as on its potential for the development of an effective treatment against breast cancer. Moreover, we will try to demonstrate how nicotine leads to poor treatment response in breast cancer by enhancing the population, proliferation, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the activation of α7-nAChR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khodabandeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Sanapalli BKR, Yele V, Sigalapalli DK, Gadewal N, Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Annadurai S, Karri VVSR. Forging of nicotine for the effective management of diabetic wounds: A hybrid of scaffold hopping and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Barakat M, DiPietro LA, Chen L. Limited Treatment Options for Diabetic Wounds: Barriers to Clinical Translation Despite Therapeutic Success in Murine Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:436-460. [PMID: 33050829 PMCID: PMC8236303 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus and its complications, including chronic diabetic wounds. To date, there are few widely successful clinical therapies specific to diabetic wounds beyond general wound care, despite the vast number of scientific discoveries in the pathogenesis of defective healing in diabetes. Recent Advances: In recent years, murine animal models of diabetes have enabled the investigation of many possible therapeutics for diabetic wound care. These include specific cell types, growth factors, cytokines, peptides, small molecules, plant extracts, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, novel wound dressings, mechanical interventions, bioengineered materials, and more. Critical Issues: Despite many research discoveries, few have been translated from their success in murine models to clinical use in humans. This massive gap between bench discovery and bedside application begs the simple and critical question: what is still missing? The complexity and multiplicity of the diabetic wound makes it an immensely challenging therapeutic target, and this lopsided progress highlights the need for new methods to overcome the bench-to-bedside barrier. How can laboratory discoveries in animal models be effectively translated to novel clinical therapies for human patients? Future Directions: As research continues to decipher deficient healing in diabetes, new approaches and considerations are required to ensure that these discoveries can become translational, clinically usable therapies. Clinical progress requires the development of new, more accurate models of the human disease state, multifaceted investigations that address multiple critical components in wound repair, and more innovative research strategies that harness both the existing knowledge and the potential of new advances across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Barakat
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Jaleel Z, Blasberg E, Troiano C, Montanaro P, Mazzilli S, Gertje HP, Crossland NA, Platt M, Spiegel J. Association of vaping with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased microvessel density in cutaneous wound healing tissue in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:1024-1034. [PMID: 34129265 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is suggested to be a risk factor for poor wound healing akin to smoking. However, the molecular and histologic mechanisms underlying this postulation remain unknown. Our study sought to compare molecular and histologic changes in cutaneous flap and non-flap tissue between vaping, smoking and control cohorts. Animal study of 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomized to three cohorts: negative control (n = 5), e-cigarette (n = 5) and cigarette (n = 5) and exposed to their respective treatments with serum cotinine monitoring. After 30 days, random pattern flaps were raised and healed for 2 weeks after which skin punch biopsies of flap and non-flap tissues were collected for quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of three selected wound healing genes (transforming growth factor β [TGF-β], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinase-1 [MMP-1]); then, immunohistochemistry for CD68 expression, α-smooth muscle actin looking at microvessel density (MVD) and in situ hybridization to localize VEGF production were undertaken. In flap tissue, vaping (mean[SEM]) (0.61[0.07]) and smoking (0.70[0.04]) were associated with decreased fold change of VEGF expression compared with controls (0.91[0.03]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In non-flap tissue, only vaping was associated with decreased VEGF expression (mean[SEM]) (0.81[0.07]), compared with controls (1.17[0.10]) (p < 0.05) with expression primarily localized to basal keratinocytes and dermal capillaries. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MVD in smoking (0.27[0.06]) and vaping (0.26[0.04]) flap tissue compared to matched controls (0.65[0.14]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively) and decreased areas of fibrosis compared with controls on gross histology. Vaping and smoking were similarly associated with decreased VEGF expression, MVD and fibrotic changes in flap tissue. The results suggest attenuated angiogenesis via decreased VEGF expression as a mechanism for poor wound healing in vaping-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaroug Jaleel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blasberg
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chelsea Troiano
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige Montanaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans Peter Gertje
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spiegel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Sen CK, Roy S. The Hyperglycemia Stranglehold Stifles Cutaneous Epithelial‒Mesenchymal Plasticity and Functional Wound Closure. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1382-1385. [PMID: 34024339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Iterative cycles of epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are responsible for epithelial plasticity necessary to achieve functional wound closure. Restoration of the barrier function of the repaired skin is a hallmark of functional wound closure. Both EMT and MET are subject to control by glycemic status. A new article by Tan et al (2020) supports the notion that hyperglycemia blunts epithelial plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Tan MWY, Tan WR, Kong ZQ, Toh JH, Wee WKJ, Teo EML, Cheng HS, Wang X, Tan NS. High Glucose Restraint of Acetylcholine-Induced Keratinocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is Mitigated by p38 Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1438-1449.e9. [PMID: 33333125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-neuronal acetylcholine (Ach) plays important roles in various aspects of cell biology and homeostasis outside the neural system. Keratinocytes (KCs) have a functional cholinergic mechanism, suggesting that they respond to Ach. However, the physiological role and mechanism by which Ach modulates wound KC behavior in both nondiabetic and diabetic conditions are unexplored. We found an enrichment in neurotransmitter-related pathways in microdissected-migrating nondiabetic and diabetic KCs. We showed that Ach upregulated TGFβRII through Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 pathway to potentiate TGFβ1-mediated epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in normoglycemic condition. Unexpectedly, KCs were nonresponsive to the elevated endogenous Ach in a hyperglycemic environment. We further showed that the activation of p38 MAPK in high glucose condition interferes with Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 signaling, resulting in Ach resistance that could be rescued by inhibiting p38 MAPK. A better understanding of the cholinergic physiology in diabetic KCs could improve wound management and care. The finding suggests that mitigating the inhibitory effect of diabetic wound microenvironment has a direct clinical implication on the efficacy and safety of various wound healing agents to improve chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wei Yi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze Qing Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Hong Toh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Kiat Jonathan Wee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Mei Ling Teo
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Huang JJ, Xia CJ, Wei Y, Yao Y, Dong MW, Lin KZ, Yu LS, Gao Y, Fan YY. Annexin A1-derived peptide Ac2-26 facilitates wound healing in diabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:772-779. [PMID: 32856346 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a common complication of diabetes. In diabetic wounds, macrophages present dysfunctional efferocytosis and abnormal phenotypes, which could result in excessive neutrophil accumulation and prolonged inflammation, thereby eventually hindering wound repair. ANXA1 N-terminal peptide Ac2-26 exhibits a high potential in mitigating inflammation and improving repair; however, its efficacy in diabetic wound repair remains unclear. In this study, a cutaneous excisional wound model was built in genetically diabetic mice. Ac2-26 or a vehicle solution was employed locally in wound sites. Subsequently, wound zones were measured and sampled at different time intervals post-wounding. Using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, we observed the histopathological variations and collagen deposition in wound samples. Based on immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, the numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD206-positive macrophages in the wound samples were determined. Cytokine expression in wound samples was studied by immunoblot assay. Results showed that Ac2-26 treatment could facilitate diabetic wound closure, down-regulate the number of neutrophils, and improve angiogenesis and collagen deposition. In addition, Ac2-26 application expedited macrophage recruitment and up-regulated the percentage of macrophages expressing CD206, which is a marker for M2 macrophages. Moreover, Ac2-26 inhibited the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 and up-regulated the expressions of IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGFA during diabetic wound healing. Hence, based on the aforementioned findings, Ac2-26 application in diabetic wounds could exert anti-inflammatory and pro-repair effects by reducing neutrophil accumulation and facilitating M2 macrophage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chong-Jian Xia
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wei
- Taizhou Municipal Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, PR China
| | - Yi Yao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-Wu Dong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ke-Zhi Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
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16
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Use of Oral Anticoagulation and Diabetes Do Not Inhibit the Angiogenic Potential of Hypoxia Preconditioned Blood-Derived Secretomes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080283. [PMID: 32796694 PMCID: PMC7459715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from tissue ischemia, who would greatly benefit from angiogenesis-promoting therapies such as hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived secretomes commonly receive oral anticoagulation (OA) and/or have diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we investigated the effect of OA administration on the in vitro angiogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned plasma (HPP) and serum (HPS), prepared from nondiabetic/diabetic subjects who did not receive OA (n = 5) or were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, n = 8), ASA + clopidogrel (n = 10), or nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (n = 7) for longer than six months. The effect of DM was differentially assessed by comparing HPP/HPS obtained from nondiabetic (n = 8) and diabetic (n = 16) subjects who had not received OA in the past six months. The concentration of key proangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF) and antiangiogenic (thrombospondin-1 or TSP-1 and platelet factor-4 or PF-4) protein factors in HPP/HPS was analyzed via ELISA, while their ability to induce microvessel formations was examined in endothelial cell cultures. We found that OA use significantly reduced VEGF levels in HPP, but not HPS, compared to non-OA controls. While HPP and HPS TSP-1 levels remained largely unchanged as a result of OA usage, HPS PF-4 levels were significantly reduced in samples obtained from OA-treated subjects. Neither OA administration nor DM appeared to significantly reduce the ability of HPP or HPS to induce microvessel formations in vitro. These findings indicate that OA administration does not limit the angiogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived secretomes, and therefore, it does not prohibit the application of these therapies for supporting tissue vascularization and wound healing in healthy or diabetic subjects.
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Kim N, Choi KU, Lee E, Lee S, Oh J, Kim WK, Woo SH, Kim DY, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Therapeutic effects of platelet derived growth factor overexpressed-mesenchymal stromal cells and sheets in canine skin wound healing model. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:751-767. [PMID: 31876285 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have excellent potential for skin wound repair. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has strong wound healing properties. The purpose of the present study was to compare the healing effects of PDGF-overexpressing canine allogeneic Ad-MSCs (PDGF-MSCs) and their cell sheets (PDGF-CSs) as compared to unexpressed Ad-MSCs (U-MSCs) and their cell sheets (UCSs) in a cutaneous wound healing model induced upon dogs. In in vitro study, the expression of immunomodulatory and growth factors was assessed by qRT-PCR. In in vivo study, cells and sheets were transplanted into a square-shaped full-thickness (1.5×1.5 cm) skin defect model created in 12 dogs. After 5 and 10 days, wounds were harvested and evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. The qRT-PCR results showed that the PDGF-B gene was significantly upregulated (p<0.05) in PDGF-CS and PDGF-MSCs groups. Upon gross analysis of the wound, all stromal cells and their sheet groups showed accelerated (p<0.05) cutaneous wound healing compared to the negative control groups. As compared to U-MSCs and UCSs, the PDGF-MSCs showed significant epithelization on days 5 and 10 of healing, whereas PDGF-CSs showed improved epithelization only on day 10. In the granulation tissue analysis, PDGF-CSs and UCSs promoted more formation (p<0.05) of upper granulation tissue, collagen, and activated fibroblasts than PDGF-MSCs, and U-MSCs. Especially, the PDGF-CSs presented the highest formation and maturation of granulation tissue among all groups. All considered, PDGF overexpressed stromal cells or cells sheets can improve cutaneous wound healing in a canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyul Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Uk Choi
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunbee Lee
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoyun Lee
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Oh
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Keyoung Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Prieux R, Eeman M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Valacchi G. Mimicking cigarette smoke exposure to assess cutaneous toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104664. [PMID: 31669394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke stands among the most toxic environmental pollutants and is composed of thousands of chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Despite restrict cigarette smoking ban in indoor or some outdoor locations, the risk of non-smokers to be exposed to environmental cigarette smoke is not yet eliminated. Beside the well-known effects of cigarette smoke to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, a growing literature has shown during the last 3 decades its noxious effects also on cutaneous tissues. Being the largest organ as well as the interface between the outer environment and the body, human skin acts as a natural shield which is continuously exposed to harmful exogenous agents. Thus, a prolonged and/or repetitive exposure to significant levels of toxic smoke pollutants may have detrimental effects on the cutaneous tissue by disrupting the epidermal barrier function and by exacerbating inflammatory skin disorders (i.e. psoriasis, atopic dermatitis). With the development of very complex skin tissue models and sophisticated cigarette smoke exposure systems it has become important to better understand the toxicity pathways induced by smoke pollutants in more realistic laboratory conditions to find solutions for counteracting their effects. This review provides an update on the skin models currently available to study cigarette smoke exposure and the known pathways involved in cutaneous toxicity. In addition, the article will briefly cover the inflammatory skin pathologies potentially induced and/or exacerbated by cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Prieux
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marc Eeman
- Home & Personal Care, Dow Silicones Belgium, Seneffe, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, United States; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been well demonstrated to be associated with adverse outcomes and increased complications in surgical patients in the operative and postoperative periods. There is general agreement that smoking cessation decreases such risks; however, much debate still exists regarding the most effective modalities for risk mitigation, especially concerning modalities involving nicotine replacement in some form. This article reviews the discussion regarding smoking cessation therapies, in particular those involving nicotine replacement, in the context of mitigating risk in plastic surgery procedures. The recent rise in popularity of electronic cigarettes poses further challenges for clinicians in minimizing risk and optimizing outcomes for patients. Prospective studies including high-level evidence such as randomized controlled clinical trials will be required to help plastic surgeons develop guidelines that will enable optimization of patient safety and clinical outcomes.
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20
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Acute Activation of α7-Nicotinic Receptors by Nicotine Improves Rodent Skin Flap Survival Through Nitrergic System. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 83:211-216. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Patel S, Srivastava S, Singh MR, Singh D. Mechanistic insight into diabetic wounds: Pathogenesis, molecular targets and treatment strategies to pace wound healing. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108615. [PMID: 30784919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound management in diabetic patient is of an extreme clinical and social concern. The delayed and impaired healing makes it more critical for research focus. The research on impaired healing process is proceeding hastily evident by new therapeutic approaches other than conventional such as single growth factor, dual growth factor, skin substitutes, cytokine stimulators, cytokine inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, gene and stem cell therapy, extracellular matrix and angiogenesis stimulators. Although numerous studies are available that support delayed wound healing in diabetes but detailed mechanistic insight including factors involved and their role still needs to be revealed. This review mainly focuses on the molecular cascades of cytokines (with growth factors) and erstwhile factors responsible for delayed wound healing, molecular targets and recent advancements in complete healing and its cure. Present article briefed recent pioneering information on possible molecular targets and treatment strategies including clinical trials to clinicians and researchers working in similar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Patel
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India.
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22
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Kishibe M, Griffin TM, Goslawski M, Sinacore J, Kristian SA, Radek KA. Topical nicotinic receptor activation improves wound bacterial infection outcomes and TLR2-mediated inflammation in diabetic mouse wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 26:403-412. [PMID: 30264418 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can directly affect skin antibacterial responses via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In particular, α7 nAChR (CHRNA7) present in the epidermis modulates the host response to wounding and/or wound bacterial infection. While physiologic inflammation is required to initiate normal wound repair and can be triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, chronic inflammation is frequently observed in diabetic wounds and can occur, in part, via excessive TLR2 activation or production. Consequently, this can delay physiologic wound healing responses and increase diabetic host susceptibility to bacterial infection. In this study, we demonstrate that topical nAChR activation diminishes bacterial survival and systemic dissemination in a mouse model of diabetic wound infection, while reducing wound TLR2 production, relative to control mice. We further determined that the antimicrobial peptide activity of diabetic mouse wounds is increased compared to control mice, but this effect is lost following topical nAChR activation. Finally, we observed that human diabetic wounds exhibit impaired α7 nAChR (CHRNA7) abundance and localization relative to human control (nondiabetic) skin. These findings suggest that topical administration of nAChR agonists may improve wound healing and infection outcomes in diabetic wounds by dampening TLR2-mediated inflammation and antimicrobial peptide response, and that the diabetic microenvironment may promote aberrant CHRNA7 production/activation that likely contributes to diabetic wound pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kishibe
- Health Sciences Division, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Tina M Griffin
- Health Sciences Division, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Melissa Goslawski
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - James Sinacore
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Public Health Science, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sascha A Kristian
- Health Sciences Division, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Katherine A Radek
- Health Sciences Division, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Health Science Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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23
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The mouse autonomic nervous system modulates inflammation and epithelial renewal after corneal abrasion through the activation of distinct local macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1496-1511. [PMID: 29988115 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and reepithelialization after corneal abrasion are critical for the rapid restoration of vision and the prevention of microbial infections. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. Here we report that the manipulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the inflammation and healing processes. The activation of sympathetic nerves inhibited reepithelialization after corneal abrasion but increased the influx of neutrophils and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the activation of parasympathetic nerves promoted reepithelialization and inhibited the influx of neutrophils and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we observed that CD64+CCR2+ macrophages in the cornea preferentially expressed the β-2 adrenergic receptor (AR), whereas CD64+CCR2- macrophages preferentially expressed the α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). After abrasion, the topical administration of a β2AR agonist further enhanced the expression of the proinflammatory genes in the CD64+CCR2+ cell subset sorted from injured corneas. In contrast, the topical administration of an α7nAChR agonist further enhanced the expression of the anti-inflammatory genes in the CD64+CCR2- subset. Thus crosstalk between the ANS and local macrophage populations is necessary for the progress of corneal wound repair. Manipulation of ANS inputs to the wounded cornea may represent an alternative approach to the treatment of impaired wound healing.
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Li JY, Jiang SK, Wang LL, Zhang MZ, Wang S, Jiang ZF, Liu YL, Cheng H, Zhang M, Zhao R, Guan DW. α7-nAChR Activation Has an Opposite Effect on Healing of Covered and Uncovered Wounds. Inflammation 2017; 41:474-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Zhang EY, Gao B, Shi HL, Huang LF, Yang L, Wu XJ, Wang ZT. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol enhances angiogenesis via HIF-1α-mediated VEGF secretion by activating p70S6 kinase and benefits wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e387. [PMID: 29075038 PMCID: PMC5668468 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is one of the crucial factors that impede the wound healing process in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In this study, we found that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), an aglycone of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng, stimulated angiogenesis and benefited wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. In HUVECs, PPD promoted cell proliferation, tube formation and VEGF secretion accompanied by increased nuclear translocalization of HIF-1α, which led to elevated VEGF mRNA expression. PPD activated both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in HUVECs, which were abrogated by LY294002 and PD98059. Furthermore, these two pathways had crosstalk through p70S6K, as LY294002, PD98059 and p70S6K siRNA abolished the angiogenic responses of PPD. In the excisional wound splinting model established in db/db diabetic mice, PPD (0.6, 6 and 60 mg ml−1) accelerated wound closure, which was reflected by a significantly reduced wound area and epithelial gaps, as well as elevated VEGF expression and capillary formation. In addition, PPD activated PI3K/Akt/ERK signaling pathways, as well as enhanced p70S6K activity and HIF-1α synthesis in the wounds. Overall, our results revealed that PPD stimulated angiogenesis via HIF-1α-mediated VEGF expression by activating p70S6K through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascades, which suggests that the compound has potential use in wound healing therapy in patients suffering from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Yun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Fang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Hackett SF, Seidel C, Abraham S, Chadha R, Fortmann SD, Campochiaro PA, Cooke JP. The Nicotinic Cholinergic Pathway Contributes to Retinal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1296-1303. [PMID: 28241318 PMCID: PMC6020715 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in retinal vascular development and ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization (NV). Methods The expression of nAChR subtypes and VEGF signaling pathway components was assessed in mice with and without oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy by comparing expression levels at postnatal day (P) 14 and P17 in mice exposed to 75% oxygen from P7 to P12 and returned to room air versus mice pups that were exposed to ambient oxygen levels during the same period. The effect of topical or intraocular injection of mecamylamine, a nonspecific nAChR antagonist, or targeted deletion of α7- or α9-nAChRs on ischemia-induced retinal NV was determined by comparing the amount of retinal NV at P17 in these mice versus appropriate controls. Results The expression of nAChR subunits and components of the VEGF signaling pathways was increased in ischemic retina. Topical application or intraocular injection of mecamylamine decreased retinal NV in this model. Mecamylamine had no effect on normal retinal vascular development or on revascularization of the central retinal area of nonperfusion in mice with ischemic retinopathy. Targeted deletion of α9, but not α7, nAChR receptor subunits reduced retinal NV in mice with ischemic retinopathy. Conclusion These data suggest that nAChR signaling, primarily through the α9 nAChR subunit, contributes to ischemia-induced retinal NV, but not retinal vascular development. Mecamylamine or a specific α9 nAChR antagonist could be considered for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity and other ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Hackett
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher Seidel
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sheena Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Rishi Chadha
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Seth D Fortmann
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter A Campochiaro
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Methodist Hospital System, Houston, Texas, United States
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A Comparison of the Effects of Alpha and Medical-Grade Honey Ointments on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2016; 2016:9613908. [PMID: 27885353 PMCID: PMC5112314 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9613908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This study compared the healing efficacy and possible adverse effects of topical Alpha and medical-grade honey ointments on cutaneous wounds in rats. Methods. To conduct the study, 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two equal groups: (1) rats with Alpha ointment applied to the wound surface area and (2) rats with medical-grade honey ointment applied to their wounds. The ointments were applied daily during the 21-day study period. Wound contraction was examined photographically with images taken on days 0, 7, and 21 after wounding. The healing process was histopathologically assessed using skin biopsies taken from the wound sites on days 7 and 21. Results. No statistically significant difference in mean wound surface area was observed between the two study groups. According to histopathological assessment, a significant reduction in the amount of collagen deposition (P value: 0.007) and neovascularisation (P value: 0.002) was seen in the Alpha-treated rats on day 21. No tissue necrosis occurred following the application of Alpha ointment. Conclusion. Daily topical usage of Alpha ointment on a skin wound can negatively affect the healing process by inhibiting neovascularization. Topical Alpha ointment can reduce the possibility of excessive scar formation by reducing collagen deposition.
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Chakroborty D, Sarkar C, Lu K, Bhat M, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Activation of Dopamine D1 Receptors in Dermal Fibroblasts Restores Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Production by These Cells and Subsequent Angiogenesis in Diabetic Cutaneous Wound Tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2262-70. [PMID: 27422612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In wound beds, fibroblasts are rich sources of vascular endothelial growth factor A, a cytokine necessary for promoting angiogenesis and thereby the healing of wound tissues. However, in diabetes mellitus, these cells are functionally impaired and produce reduced amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor A, resulting in deficient angiogenesis and delayed wound healing. We here for the first time demonstrate that stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors present in dermal fibroblasts restores vascular endothelial growth factor A production by these cells, resulting in adequate angiogenesis and subsequent healing of cutaneous wounds in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. This action of D1 dopamine receptors was mediated through the protein kinase A pathway. As delayed wound healing or chronic wounds are one of the major health problems in diabetic patients, D1 dopamine receptor agonists, which are already in clinical use for the treatment of other disorders, may be of translational value in the treatment of chronic, nonhealing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madhavi Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Lips KS, Pfeil U, Reiners K, Rimasch C, Kuchelmeister K, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Haberberger RV, Schmidt R, Kummer W. Expression of the High-affinity Choline Transporter CHT1 in Rat and Human Arteries. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 51:1645-54. [PMID: 14623932 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The arterial vascular wall contains a non-neuronal intrinsic cholinergic system. The rate-limiting step in acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis is choline uptake. A high-affinity choline transporter, CHT1, has recently been cloned from neural tissue and has been identified in epithelial cholinergic cells. Here we investigated its presence in rat and human arteries and in primary cell cultures of rat vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts). CHT1-mRNA was detected in the arterial wall and in all isolated cell types by RT-PCR using five different CHT1-specific primer pairs. Antisera raised against amino acids 29-40 of the rat sequence labeled a single band (50 kD) in Western blots of rat aorta, and an additional higher molecular weight band appeared in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated CHT1 immunoreactivity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in situ and in all cultured cell types. A high-affinity [3H]-choline uptake mechanism sharing characteristics with neuronal high-affinity choline uptake, i.e., sensitivity to hemicholinium-3 and dependence on sodium, was demonstrated in rat thoracic aortic segments by microimager autoradiography. Expression of the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1 is a novel component of the intrinsic non-neuronal cholinergic system of the arterial vascular wall, predominantly in the intimal and medial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Lips
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Farzadinia P, Jofreh N, Khatamsaz S, Movahed A, Akbarzadeh S, Mohammadi M, Bargahi A. Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activities of Aloe vera, Honey and Milk Ointment on Second-Degree Burns in Rats. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 15:241-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734616645031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was morphological and morphometric investigation of burn healing impacts of an honey, milk, and Aloe vera (HMA) ointment on experimentally induced second-degree burns, to approve the medicinal basis of its use in Iranian traditional medicine. A total of 21 male Albino rats weighing 200 to 300 g were divided into 3 groups of 7, including (1) control group, (2) positive control group, and (3) the treatment group that were treated with eucerin, silver sulfadiazine 3% and HMA ointment 5% respectively.After anesthetizing, the second-degree burns (1 cm2 areas) were made on the back of the animals using a digital controlled hot plaque, and each group was treated topically, based on the time scheduled. Then, skin punch biopsies were obtained on the 1st, 14th, and 28th days of post–burn induction; processed; and stained using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome methods. The results showed that HMA ointment induces cell proliferation, increasing the wound closure rate, blood vessel counts, and collagen fiber density in treated animals. It also reduced the wound secretions, inflammation, and scar formation. According to the obtained morphological, morphometric results, we concluded that the traditional HMA ointment, which is rich in therapeutic biomaterials and minerals, has multiple healing effects on burn wounds in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Farzadinia
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jofreh
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Saeed Khatamsaz
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Ali Movahed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mohammadi
- Young researchers and elite club, Bushehr branch, Islamic azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Das A, Ghatak S, Sinha M, Chaffee S, Ahmed NS, Parinandi NL, Wohleb ES, Sheridan JF, Sen CK, Roy S. Correction of MFG-E8 Resolves Inflammation and Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5089-100. [PMID: 27194784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a peripheral glycoprotein that acts as a bridging molecule between the macrophage and apoptotic cells, thus executing a pivotal role in the scavenging of apoptotic cells from affected tissue. We have previously reported that apoptotic cell clearance activity or efferocytosis is compromised in diabetic wound macrophages. In this work, we test the hypothesis that MFG-E8 helps resolve inflammation, supports angiogenesis, and accelerates wound closure. MFG-E8(-/-) mice displayed impaired efferocytosis associated with exaggerated inflammatory response, poor angiogenesis, and wound closure. Wound macrophage-derived MFG-E8 was recognized as a critical driver of wound angiogenesis. Transplantation of MFG-E8(-/-) bone marrow to MFG-E8(+/+) mice resulted in impaired wound closure and compromised wound vascularization. In contrast, MFG-E8(-/-) mice that received wild-type bone marrow showed improved wound closure and improved wound vascularization. Hyperglycemia and exposure to advanced glycated end products inactivated MFG-E8, recognizing a key mechanism that complicates diabetic wound healing. Diabetic db/db mice suffered from impaired efferocytosis accompanied with persistent inflammation and slow wound closure. Topical recombinant MFG-E8 induced resolution of wound inflammation, improvements in angiogenesis, and acceleration of closure, upholding the potential of MFG-E8-directed therapeutics in diabetic wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Scott Chaffee
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Noha S Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Narasimham L Parinandi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Comprehensive Wound Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
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Brain protection against ischemic stroke using choline as a new molecular bypass treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1416-25. [PMID: 26567726 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether administration of choline could attenuate brain injury in a rat model of ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of ischemic stroke was established through permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). After the surgery, the rats were treated with choline or choline plus the specific α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or with the control drug nimodipine for 10 days. The neurological deficits, brain-infarct volume, pial vessel density and the number of microvessels in the cortex were assessed. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) cultured under hypoxic conditions were used in in vitro experiments. RESULTS Oral administration of choline (100 or 200 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or nimodipine (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) significantly improved neurological deficits, and reduced infarct volume and nerve cell loss in the ischemic cerebral cortices in pMCAO rats. Furthermore, oral administration of choline, but not nimodipine, promoted the pial arteriogenesis and cerebral-cortical capillary angiogenesis in the ischemic regions. Moreover, oral administration of choline significantly augmented pMCAO-induced increases in the expression levels of α7 nAChR, HIF-1α and VEGF in the ischemic cerebral cortices as well as in the serum levels of VEGF. Choline-induced protective effects were prevented by co-treatment with MLA (1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip). Treatment of rBMECs cultured under hypoxic conditions in vitro with choline (1, 10 and 100 μmol/L) dose-dependently promoted the endothelial-cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, as well as VEGF secretion, which were prevented by co-treatment with MLA (1 μmol/L) or by transfection with HIF-1α siRNA. CONCLUSION Choline effectively attenuates brain ischemic injury in pMCAO rats, possibly by facilitating pial arteriogenesis and cerebral-cortical capillary angiogenesis via upregulating α7 nAChR levels and inducing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.
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Zhang E, Gao B, Yang L, Wu X, Wang Z. Notoginsenoside Ft1 Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Benefits Wound Healing in Genetically Diabetic Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:324-32. [PMID: 26567319 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires the essential participation of fibroblasts, which is impaired in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Notoginsenoside Ft1 (Ft1), a saponin from Panax notoginseng, can enhance platelet aggregation by activating signaling network mediated through P2Y12 and induce proliferation, migration, and tube formation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, whether it can accelerate fibroblast proliferation and benefit wound healing, especially DFU, has not been elucidated. In the present study on human dermal fibroblast HDF-a, Ft1 increased cell proliferation and collagen production via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. On the excisional wound splinting model established on db/db diabetic mouse, topical application of Ft1 significantly shortened the wound closure time by 5.1 days in contrast with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treatment (15.8 versus 20.9 days). Meanwhile, Ft1 increased the rate of re-epithelialization and the amount of granulation tissue at day 7 and day 14. The molecule also enhanced mRNA expressions of COL1A1, COL3A1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β3 and fibronectin, the genes that contributed to collagen expression, fibroblast proliferation, and consequent scar formation. Moreover, Ft1 facilitated the neovascularization accompanied with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor at either mRNA or protein levels and alleviated the inflammation of infiltrated monocytes indicated by reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA expressions in the diabetic wounds. Altogether, these results indicated that Ft1 might accelerate diabetic wound healing by orchestrating multiple processes, including promoting fibroblast proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis, and attenuating inflammatory response, which provided a great potential application of it in clinics for patients with DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (E.Z, Z.W.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.G., L.Y., X.W., Z.W.)
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (E.Z, Z.W.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.G., L.Y., X.W., Z.W.)
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (E.Z, Z.W.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.G., L.Y., X.W., Z.W.)
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (E.Z, Z.W.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.G., L.Y., X.W., Z.W.)
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (E.Z, Z.W.); and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.G., L.Y., X.W., Z.W.)
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Nolan MB, Warner DO. Safety and Efficacy of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in the Perioperative Period: A Narrative Review. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1553-61. [PMID: 26455889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients who smoke cigarettes are at increased risk for development of complications both during and after surgical procedures, including respiratory, cardiac, and healing-related complications. Abstinence from smoking can considerably reduce these risks. Pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is an important component of efficacious tobacco use interventions. However, the use of NRT in the perioperative period is controversial. In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of NRT in patients scheduled for surgical procedures, with emphasis on evidence from human studies. We performed a literature search for articles published from January 1, 1990, through May 1, 2015, in the PubMed online database using various permutations of the Medical Subject Headings terms surgery; surgical procedures, operative; nicotine; and smoking cessation. Studies were selected for inclusion according to their relevance to the preclinical and clinical evidence pertaining to how NRT affects surgical outcome and long-term rates of abstinence from tobacco. There is strong evidence that NRT enhances the efficacy of tobacco use interventions. Some preclinical studies suggest that nicotine in high doses that exceed those produced by NRT decreases the viability of skin flaps. Although the available data are limited, there is no evidence from human studies that NRT increases the risk of healing-related or cardiovascular complications. Individual clinical trials of tobacco use interventions that include NRT have revealed either no effect or a reduction in complication rates. Therefore, given the benefits of smoking abstinence to both perioperative outcomes and long-term health and the efficacy of NRT in achieving and maintaining abstinence, any policies that prohibit the use of NRT in surgical patients should be reexamined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David O Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Exploration of the wound healing effect of topical administration of nicotine in combination with collagen scaffold in a rabbit model. J Artif Organs 2015; 19:167-74. [PMID: 26497310 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-015-0873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has been reported to prolong the wound healing; however, we showed that the topical application of 10(-4) M nicotine promoted murine wound healing. The objective of this study was to explore the wound healing effects of nicotine in combination with collagen scaffold using skin defects in rabbit. Three full-thickness skin defects 8 mm in diameter were made on the rabbit auricle. Artificial dermis was applied to the defects, and 10 μl of nicotine solution (10(-5), 10(-4), and10(-3) M), bFGF solution (0.5 μg/10 μl), and both bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine solutions were injected into the artificial dermis once daily for 7 days. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 10, 15, or 20, and the wound healing process was evaluated. bFGF was superior in the formation of the dermis-like tissue and capillaries. In nicotine groups, the epithelial length and the dermis-like tissue formations in the 10(-4) M group were superior, in contrast, those were inhibited in the 10(-3) M group. The synergistic effect of bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine was not confirmed. This study suggests that the topical application of 10(-4) M nicotine promoted wound healing in rabbit, but the effect was not apparent compared with murine models.
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Chernyavsky AI, Shchepotin IB, Grando SA. Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:36-44. [PMID: 26071223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of nicotine as a carcinogen is debatable, it is widely accepted that it contributes to cancer by promoting growth and survival of mutated cell clones and protecting them from the chemo- and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis. On the cell membrane (cm), the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) implement upregulation of proliferative and survival genes. Nicotine also can permeate cells and activate mitochondrial (mt)-nAChRs coupled to inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, thus preventing apoptosis. In this study, we sought to pin down principal mechanisms mediating the tumor-promoting activities of nicotine resulting from activation of cm- and mt-nAChRs in oral and lung cancer cells, SCC25 and SW900, respectively. Activated cm-nAChRs were found to form complexes with receptors for EGF and VEGEF via the α7 and β2 nAChR subunits, respectively, whereas activated mt-nAChRs physically associated with the intramitochondrial protein kinases PI3K and Src via the α7 and β4 subunits. This was associated with upregulated expression of cyclin D1/activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of mPTP opening, respectively, as well as upregulated proliferation and resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. The molecular synergy between cm-nAChRs and growth factor receptors helps explain how one biological mediator, such as ACh, can modulate activity of the other, such as a growth factor, and vice versa. Establishment of functional coupling of mt-nAChRs to regulation of mPTP opening provides a novel mechanism of nicotine-dependent protection from cell death. Further elucidation of this novel mechanism of tumor-promoting activities of nicotine should have a strong translational impact, because extraneuronal nAChRs may provide a novel molecular target to prevent, reverse, or retard progression of both nicotine-related and unrelated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Chernyavsky AI, Shchepotin IB, Galitovkiy V, Grando SA. Mechanisms of tumor-promoting activities of nicotine in lung cancer: synergistic effects of cell membrane and mitochondrial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:152. [PMID: 25885699 PMCID: PMC4369089 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the major controversies of contemporary medicine is created by an increased consumption of nicotine and growing evidence of its connection to cancer, which urges elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic effects of inhaled nicotine. Current research indicates that nicotinergic regulation of cell survival and death is more complex than originally thought, because it involves signals emanating from both cell membrane (cm)- and mitochondrial (mt)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In this study, we elaborated on the novel concept linking cm-nAChRs to growth promotion of lung cancer cells through cooperation with the growth factor signaling, and mt-nAChRs — to inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis through prevention of opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Methods Experiments were performed with normal human lobar bronchial epithelial cells, the lung squamous cell carcinoma line SW900, and intact and NNK-transformed immortalized human bronchial cell line BEP2D. Results We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of α7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), α3 — vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), α4 — insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas α9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF. We also established the ligand-binding abilities of mt-nAChRs and demonstrated that quantity of the mt-nAChRs coupled to inhibition of mPTP opening increases upon malignant transformation. Conclusions These results indicated that the biological sum of simultaneous activation of cm- and mt-nAChRs produces a combination of growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic signals that implement the tumor-promoting action of nicotine on lung cells. Therefore, nAChRs may be a promising molecular target to arrest lung cancer progression and re-open mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Chernyavsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | | | - Valentin Galitovkiy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Motamedi MRK, Golestannejad Z. Use of pure nicotine for the treatment of aphthous ulcers. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2015; 12:197-8. [PMID: 25878688 PMCID: PMC4387635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Reza Kalantar Motamedi
- Dental Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahmood Reza Kalantar Motamedi, Dental Students Research Center, Hezar-Jarib Ave., School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Zahra Golestannejad
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fu Y, Guan J, Guo S, Guo F, Niu X, Liu Q, Zhang C, Nie H, Wang Y. Human urine-derived stem cells in combination with polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibrous membranes enhance wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2014; 12:274. [PMID: 25274078 PMCID: PMC4189744 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advancements in wound healing techniques and devices, new treatments are needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of a new biomaterial engineered from human urine-derived stem cells (USCs) and polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GT) for wound healing. Methods USCs were isolated from healthy individuals. To fabricate PCL/GT composite meshes, twin-nozzle electrospinning were used to spin the PCL and gelatin solutions in normal organic solvents. The morphologies and hydrophilicity properties of PCL/GT membranes were investigated. After USCs were seeded onto a PCL/GT, cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation, and cytotoxicity were examined. Then, USCs were seeded on a PCL/GT blend nanofibrous membrane and transplanted into rabbit full-thickness skin defects for wound repair. Finally, the effect of USCs condition medium on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were performed in vitro. Results USCs were successfully isolated from urine samples and expressed specific mesenchymal stem cells markers and could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. PCL/GT membrane has suitable mechanical properties similar with skin tissue and has good biocompatibility. USCs-PCL/GT significantly enhanced the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits compared to wounds treated with PCL/GT membrane alone or untreated wounds. USCs-PCL/GT-treated wounds closed much faster, with increased re-epithelialization, collagen formation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, USCs could secrete VEGF and TGF-β1, and USC-conditioned medium enhanced the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Conclusion USCs in combination with PCL/GT significantly prompted the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits. USCs based therapy provides a novel strategy for accelerating wound closure and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Fu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pu' ai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Junjie Guan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shangchun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- Jiangxi Origin Bio-TECH Co. LTD, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangxi Origin Bio-TECH Co. LTD, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Huarong Nie
- Jiangxi Origin Bio-TECH Co. LTD, Nanchang, 330006, China. .,Jiangxi Chuanqi pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Nanchang, 330039, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Abstract
This Opinion article discusses emerging evidence of direct contributions of nicotine to cancer onset and growth. The list of cancers reportedly connected to nicotine is expanding and presently includes small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinomas, as well as head and neck, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, liver, colon, breast, cervical, urinary bladder and kidney cancers. The mutagenic and tumour-promoting activities of nicotine may result from its ability to damage the genome, disrupt cellular metabolic processes, and facilitate growth and spreading of transformed cells. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are activated by nicotine, can activate several signalling pathways that can have tumorigenic effects, and these receptors might be able to be targeted for cancer therapy or prevention. There is also growing evidence that the unique genetic makeup of an individual, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding nAChR subunits, might influence the susceptibility of that individual to the pathobiological effects of nicotine. The emerging knowledge about the carcinogenic mechanisms of nicotine action should be considered during the evaluation of regulations on nicotine product manufacturing, distribution and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, and Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92782, USA
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Nicotine effect on inflammatory and growth factor responses in murine cutaneous wound healing. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1155-64. [PMID: 24201082 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of nicotine in an experimental mouse model of cutaneous injury and healing responses, during the inflammatory phase of repair. Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Analysis of wound closure rate indicated no significant differences between nicotine and saline injected controls. In-vitro studies using bone marrow derived macrophages, resident peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 macrophages, indicated that nicotine down-regulates TNF production. Moreover, nicotine was shown to down-regulate VEGF, PDGF and TGF-β1 in both bone marrow derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Using an NF-κB luciferase reporter RAW 264.7 cell line, we show that nicotine effects are minimally dependent on NF-κB inhibition. Moreover, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit expression analyses indicated that while β2 nAChR subunit is expressed in mouse macrophages, α7 nAChR is not. In conclusion, while skin inflammatory parameters were not significantly affected by nicotine, a down-regulation of growth factor expression in both mouse skin and macrophages was observed. Reduced growth factor expression by nicotine might contribute, at least in part, to the overall detrimental effects of tobacco use in wound healing and skin diseases.
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Deepa K, Rodionov RN, Weiss N, Parani M. Transgenic expression and functional characterization of human platelet derived growth factor BB (hPDGF-BB) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1390-404. [PMID: 23955346 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human platelet derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) is clinically approved for treating diabetic neuropathic ulcers. Plant-based expression systems offer less expensive ways of producing recombinant drugs, which do not require purification for clinical use. From this perspective, rhPDGF-BB is an ideal candidate for expression in plants as it can be applied topically. Here, we report a proof of concept study, in which rhPDGF-BB was expressed in tobacco plants, and its biological activity was tested in vitro. The mature human platelet derived growth factor BB (hPDGF-BB) gene was codon-optimized for tobacco and fused with ER targeting and retention signals, 5' and 3' UTRs of arc5-1 gene along with CaMV 35S promoter, and then, transferred by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Gene and protein expression of hPDGF-BB were confirmed by PCR and immunoblot studies. Bioactivity of hPDGF-BB expressed protein was determined by in vitro assays such as proliferation and migration in NIH3T3 cells. Our data reveals that total soluble proteins containing hPDGF-BB from transgenic plants showed a 4.5-fold increase in fibroblast proliferation compared to non-transgenic plants. Furthermore, plant-made rhPDGF-BB induced chemotaxis of treated cells and promoted wound healing in vitro. These results clearly demonstrate that functionally active rhPDGF-BB protein can be produced in plants and might have therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagasabapathy Deepa
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Moura LIF, Dias AMA, Carvalho E, de Sousa HC. Recent advances on the development of wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment--a review. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7093-114. [PMID: 23542233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a chronic, non-healing complication of diabetes that lead to high hospital costs and, in extreme cases, to amputation. Diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, abnormal cellular and cytokine/chemokine activity are among the main factors that hinder diabetic wound repair. DFUs represent a current and important challenge in the development of novel and efficient wound dressings. In general, an ideal wound dressing should provide a moist wound environment, offer protection from secondary infections, remove wound exudate and promote tissue regeneration. However, no existing dressing fulfills all the requirements associated with DFU treatment and the choice of the correct dressing depends on the wound type and stage, injury extension, patient condition and the tissues involved. Currently, there are different types of commercially available wound dressings that can be used for DFU treatment which differ on their application modes, materials, shape and on the methods employed for production. Dressing materials can include natural, modified and synthetic polymers, as well as their mixtures or combinations, processed in the form of films, foams, hydrocolloids and hydrogels. Moreover, wound dressings may be employed as medicated systems, through the delivery of healing enhancers and therapeutic substances (drugs, growth factors, peptides, stem cells and/or other bioactive substances). This work reviews the state of the art and the most recent advances in the development of wound dressings for DFU treatment. Special emphasis is given to systems employing new polymeric biomaterials, and to the latest and innovative therapeutic strategies and delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane I F Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Morgan C, Nigam Y. Naturally derived factors and their role in the promotion of angiogenesis for the healing of chronic wounds. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:493-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shrestha C, Zhao L, Chen K, He H, Mo Z. Enhanced healing of diabetic wounds by subcutaneous administration of human umbilical cord derived stem cells and their conditioned media. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:592454. [PMID: 24089612 PMCID: PMC3781996 DOI: 10.1155/2013/592454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the umbilical cord and their conditioned media (CM) can be easily obtained and refined compared with stem cells from other sources. Here, we explore the possibility of the benefits of these cells in healing diabetic wounds. Methodology and Results. Delayed wound healing animal models were established by making a standard wound on the dorsum of eighteen db/db mice, which were divided into three groups with six mice in each: groups I, II, and III received PBS, UC-MSC, and CM, respectively. UC-MSC and their CM significantly accelerated wound closure compared to PBS-treated wounds, and it was most rapid in CM-injected wounds. In day-14 wounds, significant difference in capillary densities among the three groups was noted (n = 6; P < 0.05), and higher levels of VEGF, PDGF, and KGF expression in the CM- and UC-MSC-injected wounds compared to the PBS-treated wounds were seen. The expression levels of PDGF- β and KGF were higher in CM-treated wounds than those in UC-MSC-treated wounds. Conclusion. Both the transplantation of UC-MSC and their CM are beneficial to diabetic wound healing, and CM has been shown to be therapeutically better than UC-MSC, at least in the context of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrama Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Honghui He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- *Zhaohui Mo:
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Human tenocytes are stimulated to proliferate by acetylcholine through an EGFR signalling pathway. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:465-75. [PMID: 23212463 PMCID: PMC3582816 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human patellar and Achilles tendons have shown that primary tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) not only have the capacity to produce acetylcholine (ACh) but also express muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) through which ACh can exert its effects. In patients with tendinopathy (chronic tendon pain) with tendinosis, the tendon tissue is characterised by hypercellularity and angiogenesis, both of which might be influenced by ACh. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that ACh increases the proliferation rate of tenocytes through mAChR stimulation and have examined whether this mechanism operates via the extracellular activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as shown in other fibroblastic cells. By use of primary human tendon cell cultures, we identified cells expressing vimentin, tenomodulin and scleraxis and found that these cells also contained enzymes related to ACh synthesis and release (choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter). The cells furthermore expressed mAChRs of several subtypes. Exogenously administered ACh stimulated proliferation and increased the viability of tenocytes in vitro. When the cells were exposed to atropine (an mAChR antagonist) or the EGFR inhibitor AG1478, the proliferative effect of ACh decreased. Western blot revealed increased phosphorylation, after ACh stimulation, for both EGFR and the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Given that tenocytes have been shown to produce ACh and express mAChRs, this study provides evidence of a possible autocrine loop that might contribute to the hypercellularity seen in tendinosis tendon tissue.
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Topical simvastatin accelerates wound healing in diabetes by enhancing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2217-24. [PMID: 23138019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major complication of diabetes. Recent studies have reported reduced lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis during diabetic wound healing, which are thought to be new therapeutic targets. Statins have effects beyond cholesterol reduction and can stimulate angiogenesis when used systemically. However, the effects of topically applied statins on wound healing have not been well investigated. The present study tested the hypothesis that topical application of simvastatin would promote lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis during wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. A full-thickness skin wound was generated on the back of the diabetic mice and treated with simvastatin or vehicle topically. Simvastatin administration resulted in significant acceleration of wound recovery, which was notable for increases in both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, simvastatin promoted infiltration of macrophages, which produced vascular endothelial growth factor C in granulation tissues. In vitro, simvastatin directly promoted capillary morphogenesis and exerted an antiapoptotic effect on lymphatic endothelial cells. These results suggest that the favorable effects of simvastatin on lymphangiogenesis are due to both a direct influence on lymphatics and indirect effects via macrophages homing to the wound. In conclusion, a simple strategy of topically applied simvastatin may have significant therapeutic potential for enhanced wound healing in patients with impaired microcirculation such as that in diabetes.
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Liem PH, Morimoto N, Ito R, Kawai K, Suzuki S. Treating a collagen scaffold with a low concentration of nicotine promoted angiogenesis and wound healing. J Surg Res 2012; 182:353-61. [PMID: 23122583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine, one of the major pharmacologically active agents of cigarette smoke, has various effects on cell proliferation, and it has recently been reported to have angiogenic effects. In our previous study, we showed that the topical administration of nicotine at a low concentration accelerated wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nicotine and synergistic effects of combination treatment with nicotine and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a murine excisional wound model treated with artificial dermis. METHODS Full-thickness defects (8 mm in diameter) were created on the backs of mice, and artificial dermis was sutured to the defects. Phosphate-buffered saline (10 μL), nicotine (10(-3), 10(-4), or 10(-5) M), bFGF (0.5 μg), and both bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine were topically administered to the artificial dermal tissue for 7 d. The mice were killed on day 14, and the wound area, neoepithelium length, and area of newly formed capillaries in the artificial dermis were evaluated. RESULTS The wound areas treated with 10(-4) M nicotine, bFGF, or bFGF plus 10(-4) M nicotine were significantly smaller than those in the control group. In these three groups, the neoepithelium in the bFGF plus 10(-4) M nicotine group was significantly longer than that in the other groups. There was no significant difference between the neoepithelium lengths of the control and 10(-5) M nicotine groups. The 10(-3) M nicotine group displayed the least re-epithelization among the groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 10(-4) M nicotine induced angiogenesis in, and accelerated the healing of, wounds treated with artificial dermis. bFGF and nicotine had synergistic effects, and the combined use of nicotine and bFGF is an effective wound healing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Hieu Liem
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Mahdavian Delavary B, van der Veer WM, Ferreira JA, Niessen FB. Formation of hypertrophic scars: evolution and susceptibility. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2012; 46:95-101. [PMID: 22471257 DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2012.669184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of hypertrophic scars is a common complication of wound healing, and at present little is known about the incidence and risk factors. Our aim was to analyse the incidence, progression, and regression of postoperative hypertrophic scars over time and to identify risk factors of hypertrophic scars. Patients who had had bilateral reduction mammoplasty or median sternotomy incision were included in the study. All patients were examined at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. We recorded: height, weight, allergy status, smoking status, skin type, tanning, and shape of the scar 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Of the 204 patients who were included, 122 (60%) developed a hypertrophic scar within 12 months of operation. Of these patients, 117 (96%) developed a hypertrophic scar within 3 months of operation. Twelve months postoperatively, 66/204 patients (32%) had a hypertrophic scar. In 31 of the 66 of the patients with a hypertrophic scar 3 months postoperatively (47%), the hypertrophic scar(s) regressed after 3 and 12 months. Smoking and age were associated with formation of hypertrophic scars. In conclusion, 60% of patients developed hypertrophic scars postoperatively, typically during the first three months. Most hypertrophic scars that are present after three months are still hypertrophic after 12 months. Young, non-smoking patients are more susceptible to formation of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mahdavian Delavary
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Scardina GA, Carini F, Noto F, Messina P. Microcirculation in the healing of surgical wounds in the oral cavity. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 42:31-5. [PMID: 22867738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate in vivo the characteristics of microcirculation after taking a biopsy sample from the oral mucosa. 20 patients were recruited to the study and all underwent an oral mucosa biopsy for the excision of benign neoformations. The modifications in the oral microcirculation were evaluated in vivo in correspondence to the surgical site through videocapillaroscopy at three different times: 30 min before the biopsy; 48 h after the biopsy; and 7 days after the biopsy. The statistical significance was checked with the Mann-Whitney U-test (P<0.05). The analysis of videocapillaroscopic patterns showed statistically significant variations relative to the capillary loop density; the diameter of the outgoing loop; and the length of the capillary loop. In conclusion, the study describes a simple and reproducible model for the study of wound healing from a microcirculatory point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Scardina
- University of Palermo, Department of Surgery and Oncology Section of Oral Sciences, Italy.
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