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He W, Posey EA, Steele CC, Savell JW, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation enhances glutathione availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae025. [PMID: 38271555 PMCID: PMC10873787 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhances the synthesis and concentrations of glutathione (GSH, a major antioxidant) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, representing supplementation with 1% glycine or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood and other tissues were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG), and activities of GSH-metabolic enzymes. Results indicated that concentrations of GSH + GSSG or GSH in plasma, liver, and jejunum (P < 0.001) and concentrations of GSH in longissimus lumborum and gastrocnemius muscles (P < 0.05) were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. In contrast, IUGR increased GSSG/GSH ratios (an indicator of oxidative stress) in plasma (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), both muscles (P < 0.05), and pancreas (P = 0.001), while decreasing activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase in liver (P < 0.001) and jejunum (P < 0.01); and GSH reductase in jejunum (P < 0.01), longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.01), gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05), and pancreas (P < 0.01). In addition, IUGR pigs had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an indicator of lipid peroxidation) in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas than NBW pigs. Compared with isonitrogenous controls, dietary glycine supplementation increased concentrations of GSH plus GSSG and GSH in plasma (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P = 0.001), and gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05); activities of GSH-synthetic enzymes in liver (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05), while reducing GSSG/GSH ratios in plasma (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.001), gastrocnemius muscle (P = 0.01), pancreas (P < 0.05), and kidneys (P < 0.01). Concentrations of GSH plus GSSG, GSH, and GSSG/GSH ratios in kidneys were not affected (P > 0.05) by IUGR. Furthermore, glycine supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) TBARS concentrations in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas. Collectively, IUGR reduced GSH availability and induced oxidative stress in pig tissues, and these abnormalities were prevented by dietary glycine supplementation in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin A Posey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chandler C Steele
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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2
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Taysi S, Algburi FS, Taysi ME, Caglayan C. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: A review on its pharmacological importance, and its association with free radicals, COVID-19, and radiotherapy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1115-1135. [PMID: 36562210 PMCID: PMC9880688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a main active component of propolis and a flavonoid, is one of the natural products that has attracted attention in recent years. CAPE, which has many properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-fungal, has shown many pharmacological potentials, including protective effects on multiple organs. Interestingly, molecular docking studies showed the possibility of binding of CAPE with replication enzyme. In addition, it was seen that in order to increase the binding security of the replication enzyme and CAPE, modifications can be made at three sites on the CAPE molecule, which leads to the possibility of the compound working more powerfully and usefully to prevent the proliferation of cancer cells and reduce its rate. Also, it was found that CAPE has an inhibitory effect against the main protease enzyme and may be effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This review covers in detail the importance of CAPE in alternative medicine, its pharmacological value, its potential as a cancer anti-proliferative agent, its dual role in radioprotection and radiosensitization, and its use against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Firas Shawqi Algburi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.,College of Dentistry, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq
| | - Muhammed Enes Taysi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School, Bolu Izzet Baysal University-Bolu, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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3
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Chakraborty S, Sircar E, Bhattacharyya C, Choudhuri A, Mishra A, Dutta S, Bhatta S, Sachin K, Sengupta R. S-Denitrosylation: A Crosstalk between Glutathione and Redoxin Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1921. [PMID: 36290644 PMCID: PMC9598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of proteins occurs as a consequence of the derivatization of cysteine thiols with nitric oxide (NO) and is often associated with diseases and protein malfunction. Aberrant S-nitrosylation, in addition to other genetic and epigenetic factors, has gained rapid importance as a prime cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, with a major emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration. The S-nitrosoproteome, a term used to collectively refer to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, is relatively less explored in the field of redox biochemistry, in contrast to other covalently modified versions of the same set of proteins. Advancing research is gradually unveiling the enormous clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in the etiology of diseases and is opening up new avenues of prompt diagnosis that harness this phenomenon. Ever since the discovery of the two robust and highly conserved S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems as candidate denitrosylases, years of rampant speculation centered around the identification of specific substrates and other candidate denitrosylases, subcellular localization of both substrates and denitrosylases, the position of susceptible thiols, mechanisms of S-denitrosylation under basal and stimulus-dependent conditions, impact on protein conformation and function, and extrapolating these findings towards the understanding of diseases, aging and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, newer insights in the ever-expanding field of redox biology reveal distinct gaps in exploring the crucial crosstalk between the redoxins/major denitrosylase systems. Clarifying the importance of the functional overlap of the glutaredoxin, glutathione, and thioredoxin systems and examining their complementary functions as denitrosylases and antioxidant enzymatic defense systems are essential prerequisites for devising a rationale that could aid in predicting the extent of cell survival under high oxidative/nitrosative stress while taking into account the existence of the alternative and compensatory regulatory mechanisms. This review thus attempts to highlight major gaps in our understanding of the robust cellular redox regulation system, which is upheld by the concerted efforts of various denitrosylases and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Esha Sircar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Camelia Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejita Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Bhatta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
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Peng F, Yin H, Du B, Niu K, Yang Y, Wang S. Anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from chestnut flowers in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and acute lung injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115086. [PMID: 35157952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chestnut flowers were one of the by-products during chestnut industrial processing. Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) flower is rich in flavonoids and has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases including respiratory disorders for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from chestnut flower (FCF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells and stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was applied to identify flavonoids from Chestnut flower. The ROS content in cells and lung tissue was measured by flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed by photometry. Furthermore, the level of pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by ELISA, and the expression of inflammatory gene mRNA by fluorescence quantitative PCR. H&E staining was used to evaluate the degree of lung tissue injury in mice. MPO activity was used to measure the degree of neutrophil infiltration. Total protein content was detected by BCA method. RESULTS A total of forty-nine flavonoids compounds were tentatively identified in FCF by mass spectrometry analysis. The results of cell experiment suggested that FCF could alleviate oxidative injury via increasing SOD activity and GSH content, as well as inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS and MDA. FCF exerted its protective effect by suppressing the expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycooxygenase 2 (COX-2) to inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines, including NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Besides, FCF treatment could alleviate the thickening of alveolar wall and pulmonary congestion in LPS-treated ALI mice, and significantly inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidas (MPO) and the expression of cytokines in BALF. CONCLUSIONS FCF could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-treated inflammation, resulting in an overall improvement in both macroscopic and histological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Hongyang Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Bin Du
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Kui Niu
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Song S, Lee J, Park S, Choi S. Fear renewal requires nitric oxide signaling in the lateral amygdala. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:86-90. [PMID: 31831176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fear renewal is defined as return of the conditioned fear responses after extinction when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is given outside of the extinction context. Previously, we have suggested that extinction induces S-nitrosylation of GluA1 in the lateral amygdala (LA), and that the extinction-induced S-nitrosylation of GluA1 lowers the threshold of GluA1 phosphorylation (at Ser 831) which is required for fear renewal. This fits nicely with the fact that fear renewal is induced by weak stimuli. However, it has not been tested whether S-nitrosylation of GluA1 in the LA is indeed required for fear renewal. In the present study, we used three different chemicals to impede protein S-nitrosylation via distinct mechanisms. Fear renewal was inhibited by microinjection of 7-Nitroindazole (nNOS inhibitor), and ZL006 (a blocker of PSD-95-nNOS interaction) before fear renewal. Furthermore, fear renewal was also attenuated by microinjection of a strong antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine), which scavenges reactive oxygen including nitric oxide, into the LA before each extinction training. These findings suggest that protein S-nitrosylation is required for fear renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukwoon Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghwa Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwoo Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Dong Y, Sameni S, Digman MA, Brewer GJ. Reversibility of Age-related Oxidized Free NADH Redox States in Alzheimer's Disease Neurons by Imposed External Cys/CySS Redox Shifts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11274. [PMID: 31375701 PMCID: PMC6677822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox systems including extracellular cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS), intracellular glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced/oxidized forms (NADH/NAD+) are critical for maintaining redox homeostasis. Aging as a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with oxidative shifts, decreases in anti-oxidant protection and dysfunction of mitochondria. Here, we examined the flexibility of mitochondrial-specific free NADH in live neurons from non-transgenic (NTg) or triple transgenic AD-like mice (3xTg-AD) of different ages under an imposed extracellular Cys/CySS oxidative or reductive condition. We used phasor fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to distinguish free and bound NADH in mitochondria, nuclei and cytoplasm. Under an external oxidative stress, a lower capacity for maintaining mitochondrial free NADH levels was found in old compared to young neurons and a further decline with genetic load. Remarkably, an imposed Cys/CySS reductive state rejuvenated the mitochondrial free NADH levels of old NTg neurons by 71% and old 3xTg-AD neurons by 89% to levels corresponding to the young neurons. Using FLIM as a non-invasive approach, we were able to measure the reversibility of aging subcellular free NADH levels in live neurons. Our results suggest a potential reductive treatment to reverse the loss of free NADH in old and Alzheimer’s neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Sara Sameni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America.,Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America. .,MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
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7
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Tamesue S, Endo T, Ueno Y, Tsurumaki F. Sewing Hydrogels: Adhesion of Hydrogels Utilizing in Situ Polymerization of Linear Polymers inside Gel Networks. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tamesue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takuo Endo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku Ikarashi-2-8050, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuma Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tsurumaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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8
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El-Mohtadi F, d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Oxidation-Responsive Materials: Biological Rationale, State of the Art, Multiple Responsiveness, and Open Issues. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800699. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farah El-Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
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Elumalai P, Lakshmi S. Role of Quercetin Benefits in Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 12:229-45. [PMID: 27651256 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are often life threatening and hired as an economic burden to the health-care system. Nutritional interventions principally involving polyphenols were practiced to arrest or reverse the age-related health disorders. Flavonoids, a class of dietary polyphenols, are rising to superstardom in preventing brain disorders with their potent antioxidant defense mechanism. Quercetin is a ubiquitous flavonoid reported to have all-natural myriad of health benefits. Citrus fruits, apple, onion, parsley, berries, green tea, and red wine comprise the major dietary supplements of quercetin apart from some herbal remedies like Ginkgo biloba. Appositeness of quercetin in reducing risks of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergic disorders, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and arrhythmia, to name a few, is attributed to its highly pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Neurodegeneration, characterized by progressive deterioration of the structure and function of neurons, is crucially accompanied by severe cognitive deficits. Aging is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) being coequal high hands. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the key players in triggering neurodegeneration. The upsurge of neurodegenerative disorders is always appalling since there exists a paucity in effective treatment practices. Past few years' studies have underpinned the mechanisms through which quercetin boons the brain health in many aspects including betterment in cognitive output. Undoubtedly, quercetin will be escalating as an arable field, both in scientific research and in pharmacological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetham Elumalai
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, Kerala, India.
| | - Sreeja Lakshmi
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Shen B, Chen C, Hu K, Li X, Kang D, Li H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Xu Y, Shen J, Guo H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Activated charcoal significantly improved the reliability of methods for quantitative analysis of endogenous substances in biological specimens: Glutathione and cysteine as cases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:241-250. [PMID: 30096608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
When developing a quantitative assay for exogenous or endogenous compounds, guidelines for method validation normally recommend that the biological specimens should be prepared in corresponding authentic matrices, yet "analyte-free authentic matrices" is in general not available. It is generally known that GSH and CYS are endogenous compounds and present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Herein, an efficient approach for the quantitative analysis of endogenous substances in biological specimens was developed, and glutathione (GSH) & cysteine (CYS) were chosen as model endogenous substances. Activated carbon (AC), a common adsorbent for the adsorption of environmental pollutants, was used to remove the endogenous GSH and CYS and prepare "GSH&CYS-free biological matrix". The endogenous GSH and CYS in mouse plasma, blood and liver homogenate were found can be almost removed via incubating with 100 mg of AC for 2 h. After optimizing the derivatization reagents, internal standard and analytical parameters, a reliable quantitative assay of GSH and CYS in mouse plasma, blood and liver homogenate was developed and validated on LC-ESI-MS/MS using corresponding AC-adsorbed mouse biological matrices. The validation results indicated that the developed method provided suitable accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and high throughput for the analysis of GSH and CYS. Finally, the developed LC-ESI-MS/MS assay was successfully applied to measure the concentrations of GSH and CYS in liver injury mice. The presently developed methodology could be widely applied in the quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds in various complex mixtures such as biological, herbal and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kangrui Hu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dian Kang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhangpei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Matuz-Mares D, Hernández-Vázquez A, Riveros-Rosas H, Guinzberg R, Quesada-López T, Cárabez-Trejo A, Mora O, Piña E. β- Adrenoceptors activate hepatic glutathione efflux through an unreported pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 644:47-56. [PMID: 29496543 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological regulation of hepatic glutathione efflux by catecholamines is poorly understood. The purpose of this work was to review the role of adrenergic receptors (AR) on total glutathione (GT) efflux in rat liver. Two models were used: isolated hepatocytes and perfused livers. In hepatocytes 10 μM adrenaline (Adr), but not isoproterenol (Iso) a β-AR agonist, or phenylephrine (Phe) an α1-AR agonist, (in a Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) enriched with Ca2+ and some aminoacids) increased in 13% GT efflux. In livers perfused with KHB, Adr or Iso at 1 μmolar doses (but not Phe) stimulated 11-fold initial velocity of GT release, but only during the first 2 min of perfusion. This immediate response progressively disappeared during the following 15 min of perfusion. A second phase of GT efflux, observed between 2 and 14 min of perfusion, mimics the one reported earlier in isolated hepatocytes. The ED50 for Adr and Iso activation are in the range of 320 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Iso-mediated GT release requires Ca2+ to work, and was prevented by H89, glibenclamide, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) antibodies, and a direct CFTR inhibitor. This short-lived GT release system is associated to PKA activation and probably operates through CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. México, Cd. Mx., 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alain Hernández-Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. México, Cd. Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - Héctor Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. México, Cd. Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guinzberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. México, Cd. Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. B. Quintana 514-D, Col. Arboledas, 76140, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Alfonso Cárabez-Trejo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Ofelia Mora
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. B. Quintana 514-D, Col. Arboledas, 76140, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Enrique Piña
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. México, Cd. Mx., 04510, Mexico.
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12
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Yang D, Guan S, Niu Y, Xie Z, Zhou S, Qu X. Construction of a hypoxia responsive upconversion nanosensor for tumor imaging by fluorescence resonance energy transfer from carbon dots to ruthenium complex. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2315-2322. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia responsive upconversion nano-aggregates are synthesized which can be excited by NIR light to give oxygen dependent phosphorescence emission via the FRET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Shanyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yuefang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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13
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Han SJ, Zhang Y, Kim I, Chay KO, Yoon HJ, Jang DI, Yang SY, Park J, Woo HA, Park I, Lee SR. Redox regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by the thioredoxin system and cumene hydroperoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:277-286. [PMID: 28774816 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular redox status influences the oxidation and enzyme activity of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Cumene hydroperoxide (CuHP), an organic hydroperoxide, is a known tumor promoter. However, molecular targets and action mechanism of CuHP in tumor promotion have not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of CuHP on the redox state of PTEN in HeLa cells. In addition, the intracellular reducing system of oxidized PTEN was analyzed using a biochemical approach and the effect of CuHP on this reducing system was also analyzed. While PTEN oxidized by hydrogen peroxide is progressively converted to its reduced form, PTEN was irreversibly oxidized by exposure to CuHP in HeLa cells. A combination of protein fractionation and mass analysis showed that the reducing system of PTEN was comprised of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and thioredoxin (Trx). Although CuHP-mediated PTEN oxidation was not reversible in cells, CuHP-oxidized PTEN was reactivated by the exogenous Trx system, indicating that the cellular Trx redox system for PTEN is inactivated by CuHP. We present evidence that PTEN oxidation and the concomitant inhibition of thioredoxin by CuHP results in irreversible oxidation of PTEN in HeLa cells. In addition, ablation of peroxiredoxin (Prdx) enhanced CuHP-induced PTEN oxidation in cells. These results provide a new line of evidence that PTEN might be a crucial determinant of cell fate in response to cellular oxidative stress induced by organic hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea; COTDE Inc., 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-882, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Oh Chay
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Jang
- COTDE Inc., 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-882, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeul Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea.
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McElroy PB, Sri Hari A, Day BJ, Patel M. Post-translational Activation of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase with Dimercaprol: A NOVEL MECHANISM OF INHIBITING NEUROINFLAMMATION IN VITRO. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5532-5545. [PMID: 28202547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of various neurological diseases. However, whether and how the redox processes control neuroinflammation is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that increasing cellular glutathione (GSH) levels would inhibit neuroinflammation. A series of thiol compounds were identified to elevate cellular GSH levels by a novel approach (i.e. post-translational activation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis). These small thiol-containing compounds were examined for their ability to increase intracellular GSH levels in a murine microglial cell line (BV2), of which dimercaprol (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (DMP)) was found to be the most effective compound. DMP increased GCL activity and decreased LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase induction in BV2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The ability of DMP to elevate GSH levels and attenuate LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GCL. DMP increased the expression of GCL holoenzyme without altering the expression of its subunits or Nrf2 target proteins (NQO1 and HO-1), suggesting a post-translational mechanism. DMP attenuated LPS-induced MAPK activation in BV2 cells, suggesting the MAPK pathway as the signaling mechanism underlying the effect of DMP. Finally, the ability of DMP to increase GSH via GCL activation was observed in mixed cerebrocortical cultures and N27 dopaminergic cells. Together, the data demonstrate a novel mechanism of GSH elevation by post-translational activation of GCL. Post-translational activation of GCL offers a novel targeted approach to control inflammation in chronic neuronal disorders associated with impaired adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi B McElroy
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Ashwini Sri Hari
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Brian J Day
- the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Manisha Patel
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
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15
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Kilic E, Özer ÖF, Erek Toprak A, Erman H, Torun E, Kesgin Ayhan S, Caglar HG, Selek S, Kocyigit A. Oxidative Stress Status in Childhood Obesity: A Potential Risk Predictor. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3673-3679. [PMID: 27733746 PMCID: PMC5066503 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity characterized by excessive fat in the body is one of the most serious health problems worldwide due to the social, medical, and physiological complications. Obesity and associated diseases are triggering factors for oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between childhood obesity and inflammatory and oxidative status. Material/Methods Thirty-seven obese children and 37 healthy controls selected from among children admitted to BLIND University Paediatrics Department were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed using standard methods. Glucose, lipid parameters, CRP, insulin, total oxidant status (TOS), total anti-oxidant status (TAS) levels, and total thiol levels (TTL) were measured in serum. HOMA index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The differences between the groups were evaluated statistically using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Body mass index was significantly higher in the obese group (median: 28.31(p<0.001). Glucose metabolism, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in the obese group (both p<0.001). Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the obese group (p<0.001). TAS (med: 2.5 μmol Trolox eq/L (1.7–3.3)) and TOS (med: 49.1 μmol H2O2 eq/L (34.5–78.8)) levels and TTL (med: 0.22 mmol/L (0.16–0.26)) were significantly higher in the obese group (p=0.001). CRP levels showed positive correlation with TOS and negative correlation with TTL levels (p=0.005, r=0.473; p=0.01, r=−0.417; respectively). TTL levels exhibited negative correlation with TOS levels (p=0.03, r=−0.347). Conclusions In conclusion, obese children were exposed to more oxidative burden than children with normal weight. Increased systemic oxidative stress induced by childhood obesity can cause development of obesity-related complications and diseases. Widely focussed studies are required on the use of oxidative parameters as early prognostic parameters in detection of obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kilic
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aybala Erek Toprak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medeniyet University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Erman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medeniyet University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Torun
- Department of Paediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sıddıka Kesgin Ayhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hifa Gülru Caglar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahbettin Selek
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Livingstone C, Davis J. Review: Targeting therapeutics against glutathione depletion in diabetes and its complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/14746514070070060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, the dysregulation of which is widely implicated in disease states. There is in vitro and clinical evidence that abnormal glutathione status is involved in β-cell dysfunction and in the pathogenesis of long-term complications of diabetes. Interest has developed in the potential for therapeutic modification of glutathione status in the treatment of diabetes. There is evidence which supports the use of glutathione pro-drugs, lipoic acid and vitamin supplementation but further studies are required before these enter widespread use. Studies into the role of oxidative stress in diabetes rely heavily on the ability to measure glutathione, which has been a problematic analyte to measure in the laboratory. New electrochemical methods being developed should speed up the rate at which data can be accumulated and will help define clinical utility for its measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Livingstone
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK,
| | - James Davis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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17
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Ni Z, Gong Y, Dai X, Ding W, Wang B, Gong H, Qin L, Cheng P, Li S, Lian J, He F. AU4S: a novel synthetic peptide to measure the activity of ATG4 in living cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:403-15. [PMID: 25831015 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG4 plays a key role in autophagy induction, but the methods for monitoring ATG4 activity in living cells are limited. Here we designed a novel fluorescent peptide named AU4S for noninvasive detection of ATG4 activity in living cells, which consists of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), ATG4-recognized sequence "GTFG," and the fluorophore FITC. Additionally, an ATG4-resistant peptide AG4R was used as a control. CPP can help AU4S or AG4R to penetrate cell membrane efficiently. AU4S but not AG4R can be recognized and cleaved by ATG4, leading to the change of fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the difference between AU4S- and AG4R-measured fluorescence values in the same sample, defined as "F-D value," can reflect ATG4 activity. By detecting the F-D values, we found that ATG4 activity paralleled LC3B-II levels in rapamycin-treated cells, but neither paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells nor presented a correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from healthy donors or leukemia patients. However, when DTT was added to the system, ATG4 activity not only paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors, but also presented a positive correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from leukemia patients (R(2) = 0.5288). In conclusion, this study provides a convenient, rapid, and quantitative method to monitor ATG4 activity in living cells, which may be beneficial to basic and clinical research on autophagy.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- AG4R, ATG4-resistant peptide
- ATG4
- ATG4, autophagy-related 4, cysteine peptidase
- AU4S
- AU4S, autophagy-related 4 substrate
- Ac, acetyl
- CFP, cyan fluorescent protein
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CQ, chloroquine
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LC3
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine
- NRK, normal rat kidney cell line
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- WBCs, white blood cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Ni
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Basic Medical Sciences ; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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18
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Bilan DS, Shokhina AG, Lukyanov SA, Belousov VV. [Main Cellular Redox Couples]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:385-402. [PMID: 26615634 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the living cells maintain the continuous flow of electrons, which provides them by energy. Many of the compounds are presented in a cell at the same time in the oxidized and reduced states, forming the active redox couples. Some of the redox couples, such as NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), are universal, as they participate in adjusting of many cellular reactions. Ratios of the oxidized and reduced forms of these compounds are important cellular redox parameters. Modern research approaches allow setting the new functions of the main redox couples in the complex organization of cellular processes. The following information is about the main cellular redox couples and their participation in various biological processes.
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19
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Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study. Redox Biol 2015; 6:198-205. [PMID: 26262996 PMCID: PMC4536296 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is critical to fight against oxidative stress. Its very low bioavailability limits the interest of a supplementation. The purpose of this study was to compare the bioavailability, the effect on oxidative stress markers and the safety of a new sublingual form of GSH with two commonly used dietary supplements, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and oral GSH. The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial. 20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled. GSH levels and several oxidative stress markers were determined at different times during each 21-days period. Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group. After 3 weeks of administration, there was a significant increase of vitamin E level in plasma only in sublingual GSH group (0.83 µmol/g; p=0.04). Our results demonstrate the superiority of a new sublingual form of GSH over the oral GSH form and NAC in terms of GSH supplementation. Oral GSH is known for its poor bioavailability in humans. We compared a new sublingual GSH with NAC and oral GSH on oxidative stress markers. On a 3-weeks period, sublingual GSH improved the GSH/GSSG ratio. Sublingual GSH significantly increased plasmatic vitamin E levels in subjects. The sublingual form of GSH showed superior effects over NAC and oral GSH.
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20
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Crowe ME, Lieven CJ, Thompson AF, Sheibani N, Levin LA. Borane-protected phosphines are redox-active radioprotective agents for endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:73-79. [PMID: 26188467 PMCID: PMC4513185 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to radiation can damage endothelial cells in the irradiated area via the production of reactive oxygen species. We synthesized phosphine–borane complexes that reduce disulfide bonds and had previously been shown to interfere with redox-mediated signaling of cell death. We hypothesized that this class of drugs could interfere with the downstream effects of oxidative stress after irradiation and rescue endothelial cells from radiation damage. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were plated for clonogenic assay prior to exposure to varying doses of irradiation from a 137Cs irradiator and treated with various concentrations of bis(3-propionic acid methyl ester)phenylphosphine borane complex (PB1) at different time points. The clone-forming ability of the irradiated cells was assessed seven days after irradiation. We compared the radioprotective effects of PB1 with the aminothiol radioprotectant WR1065 and known superoxide scavengers. PB1 significantly protected bovine aortic endothelial cells from radiation damage, particularly when treated both before and after radiation. The radioprotection with 1 µM PB1 corresponded to a dose-reduction factor of 1.24. Radioprotection by PB1 was comparable to the aminothiol WR1065, but was significantly less toxic and required much lower concentrations of drug (1 µM vs. 4 mM, respectively). Superoxide scavengers were not radioprotective in this paradigm, indicating the mechanisms for both loss of clonogenicity and PB1 radioprotection are independent of superoxide signaling. These data demonstrate that PB1 is an effective redox-active radioprotectant for endothelial cells in vitro, and is radioprotective at a concentration approximately 4 orders of magnitude lower than the aminothiol WR1065 with less toxicity. Phosphine–borane complexes (PB) reduce disulfide bonds and modulate redox signaling. PB1 protects endothelial cells from radiation damage before and after radiation. Radioprotection with PB1 is independent of superoxide signaling. PB1 radioprotection is similar to WR1065, but with less toxicity and more potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Crowe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher J Lieven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Cytodefense, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alex F Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Cytodefense, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Yang M, Dutta C, Tiwari A. Disulfide-bond scrambling promotes amorphous aggregates in lysozyme and bovine serum albumin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3969-81. [PMID: 25689578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are naturally formed in more than 50% of amyloidogenic proteins, but the exact role of disulfide bonds in protein aggregation is still not well-understood. The intracellular reducing agents and/or improper use of antioxidants in extracellular environment can break proteins disulfide bonds, making them unstable and prone to misfolding and aggregation. In this study, we report the effect of disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) on hen egg white lysozyme (lysozyme) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) aggregation at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. BSA and lysozyme proteins treated with disulfide-reducing agents form very distinct amorphous aggregates as observed by scanning electron microscope. However, proteins with intact disulfide bonds were stable and did not aggregate over time. BSA and lysozyme aggregates show unique but measurable differences in 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) and 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) fluorescence, suggesting a loose and flexible aggregate structure for lysozyme but a more compact aggregate structure for BSA. Scrambled disulfide-bonded protein aggregates were observed by nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for both proteins. Similar amorphous aggregates were also generated using a nonthiol-based reducing agent, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. In summary, formation of distinct amorphous aggregates by disulfide-reduced BSA and lysozyme suggests an alternate pathway for protein aggregation that may be relevant to several proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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22
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Schmidt A, Dietrich S, Steuer A, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Masur K, Wende K. Non-thermal plasma activates human keratinocytes by stimulation of antioxidant and phase II pathways. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6731-50. [PMID: 25589789 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to control redox-based processes, e.g. wound healing, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. By spatial and time-resolved delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, it allows stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes in biological systems. Our data show that both gene and protein expression is highly affected by non-thermal plasma. Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) and phase II enzyme pathway components were found to act as key controllers orchestrating the cellular response in keratinocytes. Additionally, glutathione metabolism, which is a marker for NRF2-related signaling events, was affected. Among the most robustly increased genes and proteins, heme oxygenase 1, NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase 1, and growth factors were found. The roles of NRF2 targets, investigated by siRNA silencing, revealed that NRF2 acts as an important switch for sensing oxidative stress events. Moreover, the influence of non-thermal plasma on the NRF2 pathway prepares cells against exogenic noxae and increases their resilience against oxidative species. Via paracrine mechanisms, distant cells benefit from cell-cell communication. The finding that non-thermal plasma triggers hormesis-like processes in keratinocytes facilitates the understanding of plasma-tissue interaction and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schmidt
- From the Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis and Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Anna Steuer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kai Masur
- From the Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis and
| | - Kristian Wende
- From the Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis and
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules which play pivotal roles in wound healing. The increased expression of certain genes and expression of some others represent a key component of the wound biology and are largely under the regulation of naturally occurring miRNAs. Understanding the dysregulated miRNAs in chronic wound biology will therefore enable the development of newer therapies. This chapter focuses on the miRNAs that can be potentially targeted for improving skin wound healing and the challenges in miRNA therapy, including considerations in miRNA target identification and delivery.
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Yeon JT, Choi SW, Park KI, Choi MK, Kim JJ, Youn BS, Lee MS, Oh J. Glutaredoxin2 isoform b (Glrx2b) promotes RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2014; 45:171-6. [PMID: 22449704 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) triggers the differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs) of hematopoietic origin into osteoclasts through the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and transcription factors. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes were shown to be closely associated with RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Although glutaredoxin2 (Glrx2) plays a role in cellular redox homeostasis, its role in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis is unclear. We found that Glrx2 isoform b (Glrx2b) expression is induced during RANKLmediated osteoclastogenesis. Over-expression of Glrx2b strongly enhanced RANKL- mediated osteoclastogenesis. In addition, Glrx2b-transduced BMMs enhanced the expression of key transcription factors c-Fos and NFATc1, but pre-treatment with SB203580, a p38-specific inhibitor, completely blocked this enhancement. Conversely, down-regulation of Glrx2b decreased RANKL- mediated osteoclastogenesis and the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 proteins. Also, Glrx2b down-regulation attenuated the RANKL-induced activation of p38. Taken together, these results suggest that Glrx2b enhances RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Tae Yeon
- Department of Anatomy & Institute for Skeletal Diseases, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Iksan, Korea
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25
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Deng J, Yu P, Wang Y, Yang L, Mao L. Visualization and quantification of neurochemicals with gold nanoparticles: opportunities and challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6933-6943. [PMID: 24639384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (Au-NP)-based colorimetric assays offer new opportunitites for the visualization and quantification of neurochemicals involved in physiological and pathological processes due to their high sensitivity, designability, and low technical demands. In this Research News, we systematically review the advances on the development of Au-NP-based colorimetric methods for visualization and quantification of neurochemicals and their potential applications for effectively monitoring neurochemicals in the central nervous system. By integration of the favourable surface chemistry with the high extinction coefficient of Au-NPs, some new principles and methods could be developed for the quantification of neurochemicals involved in brain functions. New strategies to design the surface chemistry of Au-NPs, along with the key challenges yet to be addressed to achieve online visualization and quantification of neurochemicals in the central nervous system, are illustrated and discussed. The questions opened here should inspire future investigations and lead to discoveries that continue the development of the effective analytical protocols based on Au-NPs for neurochemical visualization and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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26
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Cuéllar-Cruz M, López-Romero E, Ruiz-Baca E, Zazueta-Sandoval R. Differential response of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:733-9. [PMID: 25002360 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Candida albicans is the main pathological agent followed by Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. These pathogens colonize different host tissues in humans as they are able to neutralize the reactive species generated from nitrogen and oxygen during the respiratory burst. Among the enzymatic mechanisms that Candida species have developed to protect against free radicals are enzymes with antioxidant and immunodominant functions such as flavohemoglobins, catalases, superoxide dismutases, glutathione reductases, thioredoxins, peroxidases, heat-shock proteins, and enolases. These mechanisms are under transcriptional regulation by factors such as Cta4p, Cwt1p, Yap1p, Skn7p, Msn2p, and Msn4p. However, even though it has been proposed that all Candida species have similar enzymatic systems, it has been observed that they respond differentially to various types of stress. These differential responses may explain the colonization of different organs by each species. Here, we review the enzymatic mechanisms developed by C. albicans and C. glabrata species in response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Lack of experimental information for other pathogenic species limits a comparative approach among different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico,
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27
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Liu J, Liu Y, Bu W, Bu J, Sun Y, Du J, Shi J. Ultrasensitive nanosensors based on upconversion nanoparticles for selective hypoxia imaging in vivo upon near-infrared excitation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9701-9. [PMID: 24956326 DOI: 10.1021/ja5042989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a distinct feature of malignant solid tumors, which is a possible causative factor for the serious resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy or the development of invasion and metastasis. The exploration of nanosensors with the capabilities like the accurate diagnosis of hypoxic level will be helpful to estimate the malignant degree of tumor and subsequently implement more effective personalized treatment. Here, we report the design and synthesis of nanosensors that can selectively and reversibly detect the level of hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo. The designed nanosensor is composed of two main moieties: oxygen indicator [Ru(dpp)3](2+)Cl2 for detection of hypoxia and upconversion nanoparticles for offering the excitation light of [Ru(dpp)3](2+)Cl2 by upconversion process under 980 nm exposure. The results show that the nanosensors can reversibly become quenched or luminescent under hyperoxic or hypoxic conditions, respectively. Compared with free [Ru(dpp)3](2+)Cl2, the designed nanosensors exhibit enhanced sensitivity for the detection of oxygen in hypoxic regions. More attractively, the nanosensors can image hypoxic regions with high penetration depth because the absorption and emission wavelength are within the NIR and far-red region, respectively. Most importantly, nanosensors display a high selectivity for detection of relevant oxygen changes in cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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28
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Nunes VA, Portioli-Sanches EP, Rosim MP, Araujo MS, Praxedes-Garcia P, Valle MMR, Roma LP, Hahn C, Gurgul-Convey E, Lenzen S, Azevedo-Martins AK. Progesterone induces apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells: insights into the molecular mechanism. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:273-84. [PMID: 24594616 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone has been associated with the development of gestational diabetes (GD) due to the enhancement of insulin resistance. As β-cell apoptosis participates in type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, we proposed the hypothesis that progesterone might contribute to the development of GD through a mechanism that also involves β-cell death. To address this question, RINm5F insulin-producing cells were incubated with progesterone (25-100 μM), in the presence or absence of α-tocopherol (40 μM). After 24 or 48 h, membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase activity was used to identify the mode of cell death. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the action of progesterone was investigated by western blotting. Oxidative stress was measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) oxidation. Isolated rat islets were used in similar experiments in order to confirm the effect of progesterone in primary β-cells. Incubation of RINm5F cells with progesterone increased the number of cells with loss of membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation. Progesterone induced generation of reactive species. Pre-incubation with α-tocopherol attenuated progesterone-induced apoptosis. Western blot analyses revealed increased expression of CREB2 and CHOP in progesterone-treated cells. Progesterone caused apoptotic death of rat islet cells and enhanced generation of reactive species. Our results show that progesterone can be toxic to pancreatic β-cells through an oxidative-stress-dependent mechanism that induces apoptosis. This effect may contribute to the development of GD during pregnancy, particularly under conditions that require administration of pharmacological doses of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Nunes
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Department of Biochemistry of Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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29
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The effect of alendronate on proteome of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2014; 2014:532953. [PMID: 24653834 PMCID: PMC3932719 DOI: 10.1155/2014/532953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a life threatening disorder effecting 11 million people worldwide annually. Among various types of cancers, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a higher rate of mortality and is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths around the world. Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been used for the treatment of HCC with many side effects. These drugs are inhibitors of different cell regulatory pathways. Mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an important cellular cascade vital for cell growth. A variety of inhibitors of MVA pathway have been reported for their anticancerous activity. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are members of a family involved in the treatment of skeletal complications. In recent years, their anticancer potential has been highlighted. Current study focuses on exploring the effects of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen containing BP, on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using genomic and proteomics approach. Our results identified ten differentially expressed proteins, of which five were up regulated and five were down regulated in ALN treated cells. Furthermore, we also performed gene expression analysis in treated and control cell lines. The study may help in understanding the molecular mechanism involved in antitumor activity of ALN, identification of possible novel drug targets, and designing new therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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30
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Ozyürek M, Akpınar D, Bener M, Türkkan B, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel oxime based flavanone, naringin-oxime: synthesis, characterization and screening for antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:40-6. [PMID: 24508591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest in polyphenolic antioxidants due to their involvement in health benefits has led to the investigation of new polyphenolic compounds with enhanced antioxidant activity. Naringin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-β-l-rhamnoglucoside-(1,2)-α-d-glucopyranoside) is one of the major flavanones in citrus and grapefruit. The present study aimed to synthesize naringin oxime from naringin and to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential using in vitro assay system. The structure of the synthesized compound, naringin oxime, was elucidated by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. Antioxidant capacity of naringin oxime, as measured by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method, was found to be higher than that of the parent compound naringin. Other parameters of antioxidant activity (scavenging effects on OH, O2(-), and H2O2) of naringin and naringin oxime were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Damla Akpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baki Türkkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Osmanbey, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Shugalei IV, Ilyushin MA, Sokolova VV, Dubyago NP, Bachurina IV, Garabadzhiu AV. Low-toxicity complexes with nitrogen-containing ligands as promising new agents for treatment and prevention of free radical states. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213130161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Karadag-Oncel E, Erel O, Ozsurekci Y, Caglayik DY, Kaya A, Gozel MG, Icagasioglu FD, Engin A, Korukluoglu G, Uyar Y, Elaldi N, Ceyhan M. Plasma Oxidative Stress and Total Thiol Levels in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 67:22-6. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Gulin-Sarfraz T, Sarfraz J, Didem Şen Karaman DŞK, Zhang J, Oetken-Lindholm C, Duchanoy A, Rosenholm JM, Abankwa D. FRET-reporter nanoparticles to monitor redox-induced intracellular delivery of active compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET-reporter particles for redox-induced release of active compounds in cells were developed. This particle system allowed following the intracellular cleavage of delivered compounds after particle internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gulin-Sarfraz
- Center for Functional Materials
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jawad Sarfraz
- Center for Functional Materials
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jixi Zhang
- Center for Functional Materials
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alain Duchanoy
- Center for Functional Materials
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Center for Functional Materials
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20520 Turku, Finland
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Majid ASA, Yin ZQ, Ji D. Sulphur antioxidants inhibit oxidative stress induced retinal ganglion cell death by scavenging reactive oxygen species but influence nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signalling pathway differently. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1095-110. [PMID: 23811559 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to show if two different sulphur containing drugs sulbutiamine and acetylcysteine (NAC) could attenuate the effects of two different insults being serum deprivation and glutamate/buthionine sulfoximine (GB)-induced death to transformed retinal ganglion cell line (RGC-5) in culture. Cells were exposed to either 5 mM of GB for 24 h or serum deprivation for 48 h with inclusion of either NAC or sulbutiamine. Cell viability, microscopic evidence for apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), catalase and gluthathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined. The effects of NAC and sulbutiamine on the oxidative stress related transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) levels and its dependent phase II enzyme haemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were carried out using Western blot and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NAC and sulbutiamine dose-dependently attenuated serum deprivation-induced cell death. However NAC but not sulbutiamine attenuated GB-induced cell death. NAC and sulbutiamine both independently stimulated the GSH and GST production but scavenged different types of ROS with different efficacy. Moreover only sulbutiamine stimulated catalase and significantly increased Nrf-2 and HO-1 levels. In addition, the pan caspase inhibitor, benzoylcarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk) attenuated the negative effect of serum deprivation while the necroptosis inhibitor (necrostatin-1) counteracted solely an insult of GB. The neuroprotective actions of NAC and sulbutiamine in GB or serum-deprivation insult are therefore different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Shah Abdul Majid
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Tournebize J, Sapin-Minet A, Bartosz G, Leroy P, Boudier A. Pitfalls of assays devoted to evaluation of oxidative stress induced by inorganic nanoparticles. Talanta 2013; 116:753-63. [PMID: 24148470 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last years, there has been a remarkable increase in the use of inorganic nanoparticles (NP) in different applications, including consumer and medical products. Despite these promising applications, the extremely small size of NP allows them to penetrate cells, in which they can interact with intracellular structures causing serious side effects. A number of studies showed that NP cause adverse effects predominantly via induction of an oxidative stress - an imbalance between damaging oxidants and protective antioxidants - resulting in inflammation, immune response, cell damages, genotoxicity, etc … Most of the in vitro methods used for measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers were designed and standardized for conventional organic, inorganic and biochemical compounds. More recently, these methods have been adapted to studies related to various nanomaterials. Thus, this review is an attempt to highlight some current methods employed in and to provide a critical analysis of the major challenges and issues faced in this emerging field.
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Key Words
- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
- 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical
- 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide
- 2-(4-iodo-phenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt
- 2-[4-iodophenyl]-3-[4-nitrophenyl]-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride
- 2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- 2′7′-dichlorofluorescein
- 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide
- 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid
- 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester
- 8-OH-dG
- 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine
- ABTS(+)
- Abiotic and cellular assays
- CM-H(2)DCF-DA
- CNT
- DCF
- DMPO
- DPPH()
- DTNB
- ELISA
- EMSA
- ESR
- Eh
- FISH
- FPG
- GM-CSF
- GSH
- H(2)DCF-DA
- IL
- INT
- Inorganic nanoparticles
- LDH
- LSPR
- MDA
- MTT
- MWCNT
- NADPH oxidase
- NDA
- NF-κB
- NOX
- NP
- Nanoparticle interference
- Nanoparticle physicochemical properties
- OPA
- Oxidative stress assays
- Pitfalls
- QD
- RNS
- ROS
- RT-PCR
- TBA
- TGF-ß
- TNF-α
- WST-1
- XTT
- carbon nanotube
- electron spin resonance
- electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- fluorescence in situ hybridization
- formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase
- granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- interleukin
- lactate dehydrogenase
- localized surface plasmon resonance
- malonyldialdehyde
- multi-walled CNT
- nanoparticle
- naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde
- nuclear factor kappa B
- ortho-phthaldialdehyde
- quantum dot
- reactive nitrogen species
- reactive oxygen species
- reduced glutathione
- reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
- standard redox potential
- thiobarbituric assay
- transforming growth factor beta
- tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Monga J, Pandit S, Chauhan RS, Chauhan CS, Chauhan SS, Sharma M. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by (+)-Cyanidan-3-ol in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68710. [PMID: 23894334 PMCID: PMC3722203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of (+)-cyanidan-3-ol (CD-3) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and chemopreventive potential against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Balb/c mice. The HepG2 cell line was treated with CD-3 at various concentrations and the proliferation of the HepG2 cells was measure by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sulforhodamine B (SRB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 (HO), Acridine orange/ethylene dibromide (AO/EB) staining, DNA fragmentation analysis and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The HCC tumor model was established in mice by injecting N-nitrosodiethylamine/carbon tetrachloride (NDEA/CCl4) and the effect of CD-3 on tumor growth in-vivo was studied. The levels of liver injury markers, tumor markers, and oxidative stress were measured. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in in-vitro and in vivo models were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. The CD-3 induced cell death was considered to be apoptotic by observing the typical apoptotic morphological changes under fluorescent microscopy and DNA fragmentation analysis. Annexin V/PI assay demonstrated that apoptosis increased with increase in the concentration of CD-3. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes that belong to bcl-2 and caspase family were increased and AP-1 and NF-κB activities were significantly suppressed by CD-3. Immunohistochemistry data revealed less localization of p53, p65 and c-jun in CD-3 treated tumors as compared to localization in NDEA/CCl4 treated tumors. Taken together, our data demonstrated that CD-3 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in-vitro and suppress HCC tumor growth in-vivo by apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Pandit
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chetan Singh Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhupal Noble College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Shugalei I, Ilyushin M, Sokolova V, Dubjago N, Bachurina I, Garabadzhiu A. Complex Copper Compounds with Pentaaminotetrazole Are the New Challenge in Treatment and Prevention of Free-Radical Conditions. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2013. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2013.08(1).01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Morlière P, Mazière JC, Patterson LK, Conte MA, Dupas JL, Ducroix JP, Filipe P, Santus R. On the repair of oxidative damage to apoferritin: a model study with the flavonoids quercetin and rutin in aerated and deaerated solutions. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:463-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.791024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sandhir R, Mehrotra A. Quercetin supplementation is effective in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by 3-nitropropionic acid: Implications in Huntington's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:421-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crabtree MJ, Brixey R, Batchelor H, Hale AB, Channon KM. Integrated redox sensor and effector functions for tetrahydrobiopterin- and glutathionylation-dependent endothelial nitric-oxide synthase uncoupling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:561-9. [PMID: 23139420 PMCID: PMC3537053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.415992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis by generation of NO that is dependent on the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). When BH4 availability is limiting, eNOS becomes "uncoupled," resulting in superoxide production in place of NO. Recent evidence suggests that eNOS uncoupling can also be induced by S-glutathionylation, although the functional relationships between BH4 and S-glutathionylation remain unknown. To address a possible role for BH4 in S-glutathionylation-induced eNOS uncoupling, we expressed either WT or mutant eNOS rendered resistant to S-glutathionylation in cells with Tet-regulated expression of human GTP cyclohydrolase I to regulate intracellular BH4 availability. We reveal that S-glutathionylation of eNOS, by exposure to either 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or glutathione reductase-specific siRNA, results in diminished NO production and elevated eNOS-derived superoxide production, along with a concomitant reduction in BH4 levels and BH4:7,8-dihydrobiopterin ratio. In eNOS uncoupling induced by BH4 deficiency, BCNU exposure further exacerbates superoxide production, BH4 oxidation, and eNOS activity. Following mutation of C908S, BCNU-induced eNOS uncoupling and BH4 oxidation are abolished, whereas uncoupling induced by BH4 deficiency was preserved. Furthermore, BH4 deficiency alone is alone sufficient to reduce intracellular GSH:GSSG ratio and cause eNOS S-glutathionylation. These data provide the first evidence that BH4 deficiency- and S-glutathionylation-induced mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, although mechanistically distinct, are functionally related. We propose that uncoupling of eNOS by S-glutathionylation- or by BH4-dependent mechanisms exemplifies eNOS as an integrated redox "hub" linking upstream redox-sensitive effects of BH4 and glutathione with redox-dependent targets and pathways that lie downstream of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Crabtree
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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Ju Y, Zhang W, Pei Y, Yang G. H2S signaling in redox regulation of cellular functions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:8-14. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is traditionally recognized as a toxic gas with a rotten-egg smell. In just the last few decades, H2S has been found to be one of a family of gasotransmitters, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and various physiologic effects of H2S have been reported. Among the most acknowledged molecular mechanisms for the cellular effects of H2S is the regulation of intracellular redox homeostasis and post-translational modification of proteins through S-sulfhydration. On the one side, H2S can promote an antioxidant effect and is cytoprotective; on the other side, H2S stimulates oxidative stress and is cytotoxic. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of H2S in mammalian cells and describes the Janus-faced properties of this novel gasotransmitter. The redox regulation for the cellular effects of H2S through S-sulfhydration and the role of H2S in glutathione generation is also recapitulated. A better understanding of H2S-regualted redox homeostasis will pave the way for future design of novel pharmacological and therapeutic interventions for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Ju
- The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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George J, Shukla Y. Early changes in proteome levels upon acute deltamethrin exposure in mammalian skin system associated with its neoplastic transformation potential. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:629-42. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India
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Jain R, Agarwal A, Kierski PR, Schurr MJ, Murphy CJ, McAnulty JF, Abbott NL. The use of native chemical functional groups presented by wound beds for the covalent attachment of polymeric microcarriers of bioactive factors. Biomaterials 2013; 34:340-52. [PMID: 23088838 PMCID: PMC3651840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of versatile methods that provide spatial and temporal control over the presentation of physical and biochemical cues on wound beds can lead to new therapeutic approaches that expedite wound healing by favorably influencing cellular behaviors. Toward that goal, we report that native chemical functional groups presented by wound beds can be utilized for direct covalent attachment of polymeric microbeads. Specifically, we demonstrated the covalent attachment of maleimide-functionalized and catechol-functionalized microbeads, made of either polystyrene (non-degradable) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ((PLGA), degradable), to sulfhydryl and amine groups present on porcine dermis used here as an ex vivo model wound bed. A pronounced increase (10-70 fold) in the density and persistence of the covalently reactive microbeads was observed relative to microbeads that adsorb via non-covalent interactions. Complementary characterization of the surface chemistry of the ex vivo wound beds using Raman microspectroscopy provides support for our conclusion that the increased adherence of the maleimide-functionalized beads results from their covalent bond formation with sulfhydryl groups on the wound bed. The attachment of maleimide-functionalized microbeads to wounds created in live wild-type and diabetic mice led to observations of differential immobilization of microbeads on them and were consistent with anticipated differences in the presentation of sulfhydryl groups on the two different wound types. Finally, the incorporation of maleimide-functionalized microbeads in wounds created in wild-type mice did not impair the rate of wound closure relative to an untreated wound. Overall, the results presented in this paper enable a general and facile approach to the engineering of wound beds in which microbeads are covalently immobilized to wound beds. Such immobilized microbeads could be used in future studies to release bioactive factors (e.g., antimicrobial agents or growth factors) and/or introduce topographical cues that promote cell behaviors underlying healing and wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Jain
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Patricia R. Kierski
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine and the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis
| | - Jonathan F. McAnulty
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Monga J, Chauhan CS, Sharma M. Human breast adenocarcinoma cytotoxicity and modulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in Balb/c mice by Acacia catechu (L.f.) Wild heartwood. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:347-62. [PMID: 23142797 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412463818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chemopreventive potential of (+)-catechin-rich extract of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. heartwood (AQCE) was evaluated against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in Balb/c mice. METHODS Cell cytotoxicity was investigated using different colorimetric assays. Apoptosis was observed using diphenylamine assay and fluorescent microscopy. AQCE was further evaluated for antitumor activity against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The levels of tumor markers and oxidative stress were measured. Furthermore, level of transcription factors was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The results showed that administration of AQCE showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition response and DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Tumor multiplicity was significantly decreased to 42.91% with AQCE when compared with DMBA-treated animals. The levels of tumor markers such as total sialic acid and lipid-associated sialic acid were substantially increased after DMBA treatment. However, AQCE treatment restored tumor markers level. AQCE also significantly reduced elevated levels of nitrite and malondialdehyde in DMBA-treated animals. Additionally, AQCE also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz., catalase, superoxide dismutase, total thiol, reduced glutathione, protein thiol, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the mammary tissue and liver mitochondria of DMBA-administered animals. Significant increase in the protein levels of p53, c-jun, and p65 were observed in DMBA-treated mice, whereas less expression was observed in AQCE-treated animals. Eventually, AQCE also significantly improved body weight and maintained the mammary tissue architecture in normal range. CONCLUSIONS The present data strongly suggest that anticancer potentiality of (+)-catechin-rich AQCE may be attributable to its ability to positively modulate tumor markers as well as the antioxidant system that could decompose the peroxides and, thereby, offer a protection against lipid peroxidation and linked to the expression of transcription factors during DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Fink BD, Herlein JA, Yorek MA, Fenner AM, Kerns RJ, Sivitz WI. Bioenergetic effects of mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q analogs in endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:709-19. [PMID: 22661629 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial-targeted analogs of coenzyme Q (CoQ) are under development to reduce oxidative damage induced by a variety of disease states. However, there is a need to understand the bioenergetic effects of these agents and whether or not these effects are related to redox properties, including their known pro-oxidant effects. We examined the bioenergetic effects of two mitochondrial-targeted CoQ analogs in their quinol forms, mitoquinol (MitoQ) and plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1), in bovine aortic endothelial cells. We used an extracellular oxygen and proton flux analyzer to assess mitochondrial action at the intact-cell level. Both agents, in dose-dependent fashion, reduced the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) directed at ATP turnover (OCR(ATP)) (IC₅₀ values of 189 ± 13 nM for MitoQ and 181 ± 7 for SKQ1; difference not significant) while not affecting or mildly increasing basal oxygen consumption. Both compounds increased extracellular acidification in the basal state consistent with enhanced glycolysis. Both compounds enhanced mitochondrial superoxide production assessed by using mitochondrial-targeted dihydroethidium, and both increased H₂O₂ production from mitochondria of cells treated before isolation of the organelles. The manganese superoxide dismutase mimetic manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin did not alter or actually enhanced the actions of the targeted CoQ analogs to reduce OCR(ATP). In contrast, N-acetylcysteine mitigated this effect of MitoQ and SkQ1. In summary, our data demonstrate the important bioenergetic effects of targeted CoQ analogs. Moreover, these effects are mediated, at least in part, through superoxide production but depend on conversion to H₂O₂. These bioenergetic and redox actions need to be considered as these compounds are developed for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Fink
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Transplant tolerance is associated with reduced expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase that controls IL-12 production by dendritic cells and TH-1 immune responses. Blood 2012; 119:2633-43. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-350546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntigen-activated T lymphocytes undergo an immune or tolerogeneic response in part according to the activation status of their antigen-presenting cells. However, factors controlling the activation of antigen-presenting cells are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that immune tolerance after organ allotransplantation in the rat is associated with a repressed intragraft expression of several enzymes of the trans-sulfuration pathway, including cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). The pharmacologic blockade of CSE with propargylglycine delayed heart allograft rejection and abrogated type IV hypersensitivity but did not modify antibody responses, and was associated with a selective inhibition of the TH-1 type factors T-bet, IL-12, and IFN-γ. IL-12 repression could also be induced by propargylglycine in vitro in monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), a phenomenon not mediated by changes to nuclear factor-κ B or hydrogen sulfide but that occurred together with a modulation of intracellular cysteine content. Intracellular cysteine levels were predominantly controlled in DCs by CSE activity, together with extracellular import via the Xc− transporter. Our results indicate that CSE plays a critical role in regulating IL-12 in monocytes and DCs and is down-modulated in transplant tolerance, presumably participating in the maintenance of the tolerant state.
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Veskoukis AS, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Dietary oxidative stress and antioxidant defense with an emphasis on plant extract administration. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:11-21. [PMID: 21956695 PMCID: PMC3227848 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells generally function in a reduced state, but an amount of reactive species is essential for several biochemical processes. The antioxidant network is the defensive mechanism that occurs when the concentration of reactive species exceeds a threshold. Polyphenolic compounds present in plant extracts are potent antioxidants in vitro, but they may promote oxidative stress when administered in animals and humans, especially when given as supplements in exercise, a modality usually adopted as an oxidant stimulus. This is mainly observed when antioxidant molecules are administered separately and not as part of a diet. Exercise is usually adopted as a physiological model for examining the effects of reactive species in human or animal physiology. The use of exercise as a model demonstrates that reactive species do not always have adverse effects, but are necessary in physiological processes that are beneficial for human health. This review summarizes what is known about antioxidant supplementation and demonstrates the need for a meticulous examination of the in vitro findings before applying them to in vivo models. The term "antioxidant" seems elusive, and it is more appropriate to characterize a compound as "antioxidant" if we know in which concentration it is used, when it is used, and under which conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, 41221 Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Forensic Sciences and Toxicology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete P.O. Box 1393, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, 41221 Greece
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Doane TL, Burda C. The unique role of nanoparticles in nanomedicine: imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2885-911. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Boaventura BCB, Di Pietro PF, de Assis MAA, Ambrosi C, Nesello LAN, Da Silva FO, Vasconcelos FAG, Moreira JCF, Fausto MA. Antioxidant biomarkers and food intake in elderly women. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:21-5. [PMID: 22237997 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between antioxidant biomarkers and food intake in elderly women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Recreation Center for the Elderly in the city of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 73 elderly women with an average age of 71 years, 93% caucasian, average body weight 68.7 ± 13.1 kg and average BMI 28.5 ± 2.3 kg/m². MEASUREMENTS Nutritional status was assessed based on the Body Mass Index (BMI). Data on food intake were obtained by applying the 24h diet recall method in three non-consecutive days, including Sunday. The assessment of antioxidant biomarkers was performed based on tests for total plasma thiols and phenolic compounds. The linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the consumption of food groups on antioxidant biomarkers. RESULTS A positive association was found between thiols and intake of carotenoid-rich vegetables (p=0.03), oils, fats and oilseeds (p=0.03); a negative association was observed between total concentrations of phenolic compounds and intake of cereals (p=0.04). CONCLUSION The intake of foods from the carotenoid-rich vegetables, oils, fats and oilseeds food groups increased the levels of plasma thiols, and the intake of foods from the group of cereals decreased the plasma concentration of phenols. Studies should be conducted to investigate the association between the intake of antioxidant-rich foods and the plasma antioxidant profile, as a way to protect against the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C B Boaventura
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in rat intestine by subchronic fluoride and ethanol administration. Alcohol 2011; 45:663-72. [PMID: 21145694 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fluoride and ethanol has been identified as injurious to human health. Fluoride and ethanol co-exposures are commonly seen among the alcoholics residing in endemic fluoride areas worldwide. This study was undertaken to examine the modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in rat intestine by subchronic fluoride and ethanol administration. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (fluoride was given orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight), group III (30% ethanol was given orally at a dose of 1 mL/kg body weight), and group IV (a combination of fluoride and ethanol was administered orally at the dose described for groups II and III). Lipid peroxidation was elevated (P<.05) in intestine of rats by fluoride or ethanol treatments for 20 or 40 days. However, glutathione content was reduced by fluoride (32 and 44%) and ethanol (21 and 40%) treatments after 20 and 40 days, respectively. Fluoride-exposed animals showed reduction (P<.05) in the activities of superoxide dismutase (22 and 42%), catalase (30 and 37%), glutathione peroxidase (22 and 35%), glutathione reductase (32 and 34%), and glutathione-S-transferase (24 and 30%) after 20 and 40 days. A similar decrease (P<.05) in the activities of these enzymes was also noticed in animals exposed to ethanol for 20 or 40 days. The observed changes in lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione levels, and enzyme systems were further augmented in intestine of rats exposed to fluoride and ethanol together. Intestinal histology showed large reactive lymphoid follicles along with mild excess of lymphocytes in lamina propria of villi, villous edema, focal ileitis, and necrosis of villi in animals exposed to fluoride and ethanol for 40 days. These findings suggest that fluoride and ethanol exposure induces considerable changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, and morphology of rat intestine, which may affect its functions.
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