1
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Göritzer K, Groppelli E, Grünwald-Gruber C, Figl R, Ni F, Hu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu Q, Puligedda RD, Jung JW, Strasser R, Dessain S, Ma JKC. Recombinant neutralizing secretory IgA antibodies for preventing mucosal acquisition and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Ther 2024; 32:689-703. [PMID: 38268188 PMCID: PMC10928148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive delivery of antibodies to mucosal sites may be a valuable adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination to prevent infection, treat viral carriage, or block transmission. Neutralizing monoclonal IgG antibodies are already approved for systemic delivery, and several clinical trials have been reported for delivery to mucosal sites where SARS-CoV-2 resides and replicates in early infection. However, secretory IgA may be preferred because the polymeric complex is adapted for the harsh, unstable external mucosal environment. Here, we investigated the feasibility of producing neutralizing monoclonal IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We engineered two class-switched mAbs that express well as monomeric and secretory IgA (SIgA) variants with high antigen-binding affinities and increased stability in mucosal secretions compared to their IgG counterparts. SIgAs had stronger virus neutralization activities than IgG mAbs and were protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vivo murine model. Furthermore, SIgA1 can be aerosolized for topical delivery using a mesh nebulizer. Our findings provide a persuasive case for developing recombinant SIgAs for mucosal application as a new tool in the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabetta Groppelli
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fengfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Scott Dessain
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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2
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Liu X, Wang X, Shi X, Wang S, Shao K. The immune enhancing effect of antimicrobial peptide LLv on broilers chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103235. [PMID: 38035471 PMCID: PMC10698674 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect and its mechanism of heat-resistant antimicrobial peptide LLv on broilers, three hundred 1-day-old healthy AA+ female broilers were allocated into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 birds in each replicate. Birds were given a basal diet, an antibiotic diet (10.2 mg/kg chlortetracycline hydrochloride), and the basal diet supplemented with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg LLv for 42 d, respectively. Compared with the group which birds were fed an antibiotic-free basal diet (control group), supplementing 100 mg/kg LLv increased 21-day IgA, IgM, IL-4, AIV-Ab, IFN-γ levels and 42-day IgA, IgM, IL-4, AIV-Ab levels and reduced 42-day IL-1 levels in serum (P < 0.05). Compared with antibiotic group, the 10 and 50 mg/kg LLv decreased 42-day IgM levels in serum (P < 0.05). The 100 mg/kg LLv increased 21-day AIV-Ab levels and 42-day IL-4, AIV-Ab levels and reduced 42-day IL-1 levels in serum (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the 100 mg/kg LLv increased the expression rate of sIgA secretory cells and sIgA content in jejunal mucosa at 21 d and 42 d (P < 0.05), which did not differ from antibiotic group (P > 0.05). Compared with antibiotic group, the 10 mg/kg LLv reduced 21-day sIgA content and the 50 mg/kg LLv reduced 42-d the expression rate of sIgA secretory cells in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the 100 mg/kg LLv increased the expression of TCR, IL-15, CD28, BAFF, CD86, CD83, MHC-II, and CD40 genes in jejunal mucosa at 21 d and 42 d (P < 0.05). Compared with antibiotic group, the 100 mg/kg LLv increased the expression of 21-day BAFF, CD40, MHC-II, CD83 genes and the expression of 42-day BAFF, TCR, IL-15, CD40, CD83 genes in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). The results showed that the addition of LLv to the ration had a promotional effect on the immune function of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xueping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shubai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Kun Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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3
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Guo N, Li N, Jia L, Jiang Q, Schreurs M, van Unen V, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Vloemans AA, Eggermont J, Lelieveldt B, Staal FJT, de Miranda NFCC, Pascutti MF, Koning F. Immune subset-committed proliferating cells populate the human foetal intestine throughout the second trimester of gestation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1318. [PMID: 36899020 PMCID: PMC10006174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents the largest immune compartment in the human body, yet its development and organisation during human foetal development is largely unknown. Here we show the immune subset composition of this organ during development, by longitudinal spectral flow cytometry analysis of human foetal intestinal samples between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation. At 14 weeks, the foetal intestine is mainly populated by myeloid cells and three distinct CD3-CD7+ ILC, followed by rapid appearance of adaptive CD4+, CD8+ T and B cell subsets. Imaging mass cytometry identifies lymphoid follicles from week 16 onwards in a villus-like structure covered by epithelium and confirms the presence of Ki-67+ cells in situ within all CD3-CD7+ ILC, T, B and myeloid cell subsets. Foetal intestinal lymphoid subsets are capable of spontaneous proliferation in vitro. IL-7 mRNA is detected within both the lamina propria and the epithelium and IL-7 enhances proliferation of several subsets in vitro. Overall, these observations demonstrate the presence of immune subset-committed cells capable of local proliferation in the developing human foetal intestine, likely contributing to the development and growth of organized immune structures throughout most of the 2nd trimester, which might influence microbial colonization upon birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guo
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Qinyue Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeroen Eggermont
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - M Fernanda Pascutti
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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4
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Dagostin F, Vanalli C, Boag B, Casagrandi R, Gatto M, Mari L, Cattadori IM. The enemy of my enemy is my friend: Immune-mediated facilitation contributes to fitness of co-infecting helminths. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:477-491. [PMID: 36478135 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual understanding of immune-mediated interactions between parasites is rooted in the theory of community ecology. One of the limitations of this approach is that most of the theory and empirical evidence has focused on resource or immune-mediated competition between parasites and yet there is ample evidence of positive interactions that could be generated by immune-mediated facilitation. We developed an immuno-epidemiological model and applied it to long-term data of two gastrointestinal helminths in two rabbit populations to investigate, through model testing, how immune-mediated mechanisms of parasite regulation could explain the higher intensities of both helminths in rabbits with dual than single infections. The model framework was selected and calibrated on rabbit population A and then validated on the nearby rabbit population B to confirm the consistency of the findings and the generality of the mechanisms. Simulations suggested that the higher intensities in rabbits with dual infections could be explained by a weakened or low species-specific IgA response and an asymmetric IgA cross-reaction. Simulations also indicated that rabbits with dual infections shed more free-living stages that survived for longer in the environment, implying greater transmission than stages from hosts with single infections. Temperature and humidity selectively affected the free-living stages of the two helminths. These patterns were comparable in the two rabbit populations and support the hypothesis that immune-mediated facilitation can contribute to greater parasite fitness and local persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Dagostin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chiara Vanalli
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Boag
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marino Gatto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella M Cattadori
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Ligon MM, Joshi CS, Fashemi BE, Salazar AM, Mysorekar IU. Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity. Dev Biol 2023; 493:29-39. [PMID: 36368522 PMCID: PMC11463731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A global increase in older individuals creates an increasing demand to understand numerous healthcare challenges related to aging. This population is subject to changes in tissue physiology and the immune response network. Older individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, with one of the most common being urinary tract infections (UTIs). Postmenopausal and older women have the highest risk of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs); however, why rUTIs become more frequent after menopause and during old age is incompletely understood. This increased susceptibility and severity among older individuals may involve functional changes to the immune system with age. Aging also has substantial effects on the epithelium and the immune system that led to impaired protection against pathogens, yet heightened and prolonged inflammation. How the immune system and its responses to infection changes within the bladder mucosa during aging has largely remained poorly understood. In this review, we highlight our understanding of bladder innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of aging and hormones and hormone therapy on bladder epithelial homeostasis and immunity. In particular, we elaborate on how the cellular and molecular immune landscape within the bladder can be altered during aging as aged mice develop bladder tertiary lymphoid tissues (bTLT), which are absent in young mice leading to profound age-associated change to the immune landscape in bladders that might drive the significant increase in UTI susceptibility. Knowledge of host factors that prevent or promote infection can lead to targeted treatment and prevention regimens. This review also identifies unique host factors to consider in the older, female host for improving rUTI treatment and prevention by dissecting the age-associated alteration of the bladder mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne M Ligon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chetanchandra S Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bisiayo E Fashemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arnold M Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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6
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Rana J, Muñoz MM, Biswas M. Oral tolerance to prevent anti-drug antibody formation in protein replacement therapies. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104641. [PMID: 36402002 PMCID: PMC9730862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein based therapeutics have successfully improved the quality of life for patients of monogenic disorders like hemophilia, Pompe and Fabry disease. However, a significant proportion of patients develop immune responses towards intravenously infused therapeutic protein, which can complicate or neutralize treatment and compromise patient safety. Strategies aimed at circumventing immune responses following therapeutic protein infusion can greatly improve therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, antigen-based oral tolerance induction has shown promising results in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, food allergies and can prevent anti-drug antibody formation to protein replacement therapies. Oral tolerance exploits regulatory mechanisms that are initiated in the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to promote active suppression of orally ingested antigen. In this review, we outline general perceptions and current knowledge about the mechanisms of oral tolerance, including tissue specific sites of tolerance induction and the cells involved, with emphasis on antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells. We define several factors, such as cytokines and metabolites that impact the stability and expansion potential of these immune modulatory cells. We highlight preclinical studies that have been performed to induce oral tolerance to therapeutic proteins or enzymes for single gene disorders, such as hemophilia or Pompe disease. These studies mainly utilize a transgenic plant-based system for oral delivery of antigen in conjugation with fusion protein technology that favors the prevention of antigen degradation in the stomach while enhancing uptake in the small intestine by antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cell induction, thereby promoting antigen specific systemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maite Melero Muñoz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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7
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Li Z, Liu R, Wang X, Wu H, Yi X, Huang L, Qin Q. Effects of melittin on laying performance and intestinal barrier function of quails. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102355. [PMID: 36502563 PMCID: PMC9763859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of melittin on egg-laying performance and intestinal barrier of quails, 240 quails (aged 70 d) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (10 quails per replicate). They were fed with basal diet (group B), basal diet + 0.08 g/kg melittin (group BA1), basal diet + 0.12 g/kg melittin (group BA2) and basal diet + 0.16 g/kg melittin (group BA3). The experiment lasted for 21 days. The eggs were collected every day. At the end of the experiment, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tissues were collected, and the cecal contents were sampled. Intestinal antioxidant index, barrier function, and intestinal flora were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of melittin significantly increased the laying rate and average egg weight. Addition of melittin significantly increased the antioxidant function, mechanical barrier, immune barrier, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio of small intestine. Addition of melittin had no significant effect on the α and β diversity of cecal flora, but significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidales at family level and genus level. Bioinformatics analysis of cecal content showed significant increase in COG functional category of cytoskeleton, and significant decrease in RNA processing and modification in group BA2. KEGG functional analysis showed significant decrease in steroid biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, and cytochrome P450 pathways in group BA2. In conclusion, addition of 0.12 g/kg melittin to feed improved the laying performance and the intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function of quails but had no significant effect on the composition and structure of cecal microbial community. This study provides experimental data and theoretical basis for the application of melittin as a new quail feed additive.
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8
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Castellanos-Huerta I, Gómez-Verduzco G, Tellez-Isaias G, Ayora-Talavera G, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Petrone-García VM, Fernández-Siurob I, Velázquez-Juárez G. Immune Evaluation of Avian Influenza Virus HAr Protein Expressed in Dunaliella salina in the Mucosa of Chicken. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091418. [PMID: 36146496 PMCID: PMC9505873 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the principal focus is on the type of virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the proposed use of recombinant proteins of AI virus (AIV). The use of antigens produced in microalgae is a novel strategy for the induction of an immune response in the mucosal tissue. The capacity of the immune system in poultry, particularly in mucosa, plays an important role in the defense against pathogens. This system depends on a complex relationship between specialized cells and soluble factors, which confer protection against pathogens. Primary lymphoid organs (PLO), as well as lymphocytic aggregates (LA) such as the Harderian gland (HG) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), actively participate in a local immune response which is mainly secretory IgA (S-IgA). This study demonstrates the usefulness of subunit antigens for the induction of a local and systemic immune response in poultry via ocular application. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HAr from AIV (H5N2) can successfully induce increased local production of S-IgA and a specific systemic immune response in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkar Castellanos-Huerta
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan (UADY), Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, Leon 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Petrone-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlan 54714, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Gilberto Velázquez-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino Garcia Barragan #1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
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9
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Beneficial health effects of polyphenols metabolized by fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1027-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Correa VA, Portilho AI, De Gaspari E. Vaccines, Adjuvants and Key Factors for Mucosal Immune Response. Immunology 2022; 167:124-138. [PMID: 35751397 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tool to control infectious diseases, which provoke significant morbidity and mortality. Most vaccines are administered through the parenteral route and can elicit a robust systemic humoral response, but they induce a weak T-cell-mediated immunity and are poor inducers of mucosal protection. Considering that most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, a vaccine that elicits protection in the first site of contact between the host and the pathogen is promising. However, despite the advantages of mucosal vaccines as good options to confer protection on the mucosal surface, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently approved. In this review, we discuss the impact of vaccine administration in different mucosal surfaces; how appropriate adjuvants enhance the induction of protective mucosal immunity and other factors that can influence the mucosal immune response to vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Araujo Correa
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina S Bowyer
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin W Loudon
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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12
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Foxx CL, Nagy MR, King AE, Albin D, DeKrey GK. TCDD exposure alters fecal IgA concentrations in male and female mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:25. [PMID: 35449084 PMCID: PMC9026712 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can alter diurnal rhythms including those for innate lymphoid cell numbers, cytokine and hormone levels, and feeding behaviors. Because immune responses and antibody levels are modulated by exposure to AhR agonists, we hypothesized that some of the variation previously reported for the effects of AhR activation on fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be explained by dysregulation of the diurnal sIgA rhythm. Methods C57Bl/6 J mice were exposed to peanut oil or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 10 or 40 μg/Kg) and fecal sIgA levels were determined in samples collected every 4 h over 4 days. Results Fecal sIgA concentrations were not significantly different between light and dark phases of the photoperiod in either male or female mice, and there were no significant circadian rhythms observed, but TCDD exposure significantly altered both fecal mesor sIgA and serum IgA concentrations, in parallel, in male (increased) and female (biphasic) mice. Conclusions AhR activation can contribute to the regulation of steady state IgA/sIgA concentrations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00563-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Foxx
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Madeline R Nagy
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Aspen E King
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Dreycey Albin
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Gregory K DeKrey
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA.
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13
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Rezende RM, Weiner HL. Oral tolerance: an updated review. Immunol Lett 2022; 245:29-37. [PMID: 35395272 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral tolerance (OT) has classically been defined as the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen through the oral route. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of OT including T cell clonal depletion and anergy when high doses of antigens are fed, and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation following oral administration of low and repeated doses of antigens. Oral antigen administration suppresses the immune response in several animal models of autoimmune disease, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, uveitis, thyroiditis, myasthenia, arthritis and diabetes, but also non-autoimmune inflammatory conditions such as asthma, atherosclerosis, graft rejection, allergy and stroke. However, human trials have given mixed results and a great deal remains to be learned about the mechanisms of OT before it can be successfully applied to people. One of the possible mechanisms relates to the gut microbiota and in this review, we will explore the cellular components involved in the induction of OT and the role of the gut microbiota in contributing to OT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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14
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Portilho AI, Gimenes Lima G, De Gaspari E. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An Adaptable Methodology to Study SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1503. [PMID: 35329828 PMCID: PMC8948777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay is a versatile technique, which can be used for several applications. It has enormously contributed to the study of infectious diseases. This review highlights how this methodology supported the science conducted in COVID-19 pandemics, allowing scientists to better understand the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can be modified to assess the functionality of antibodies, as avidity and neutralization, respectively by the standardization of avidity-ELISA and surrogate-neutralization methods. Cellular immunity can also be studied using this assay. Products secreted by cells, like proteins and cytokines, can be studied by ELISA or its derivative Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. ELISA and ELISA-based methods aided the area of immunology against infectious diseases and is still relevant, for example, as a promising approach to study the differences between natural and vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Gimenes Lima
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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15
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Stolovich-Rain M, Kumari S, Friedman A, Kirillov S, Socol Y, Billan M, Pal RR, Das K, Golding P, Oiknine-Djian E, Sirhan S, Sagie MB, Cohen-Kfir E, Gold N, Fahoum J, Kumar M, Elgrably-Weiss M, Zhou B, Ravins M, Gatt YE, Bhattacharya S, Zelig O, Wiener R, Wolf DG, Elinav H, Strahilevitz J, Padawer D, Baraz L, Rouvinski A. Intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces neutralizing salivary IgA. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933347. [PMID: 36798518 PMCID: PMC9927016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscularly administered vaccines stimulate robust serum neutralizing antibodies, yet they are often less competent in eliciting sustainable "sterilizing immunity" at the mucosal level. Our study uncovers a strong temporary neutralizing mucosal component of immunity, emanating from intramuscular administration of an mRNA vaccine. We show that saliva of BNT162b2 vaccinees contains temporary IgA targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein and demonstrate that these IgAs mediate neutralization. RBD-targeting IgAs were found to associate with the secretory component, indicating their bona fide transcytotic origin and their polymeric multivalent nature. The mechanistic understanding of the high neutralizing activity provided by mucosal IgA, acting at the first line of defense, will advance vaccination design and surveillance principles and may point to novel treatment approaches and new routes of vaccine administration and boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sujata Kumari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahuva Friedman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saveliy Kirillov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yakov Socol
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Billan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ritesh Ranjan Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kathakali Das
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peretz Golding
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salim Sirhan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Bejerano Sagie
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Cohen-Kfir
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Gold
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Elgrably-Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Ravins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair E Gatt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Zelig
- Blood Bank, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Wiener
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Elinav
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah AIDS Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Strahilevitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Padawer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine D, Hadassah Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leah Baraz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Rouvinski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Le T, Aguilar B, Mangal JL, Acharya AP. Oral drug delivery for immunoengineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10243. [PMID: 35111945 PMCID: PMC8780903 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs is heavily influenced by its route of administration. A few common routes for the systemic delivery of immunotherapeutics are intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular injections. However, the development of novel biomaterials, in adjunct to current progress in immunoengineering, is providing an exciting area of interest for oral drug delivery for systemic targeting. Oral immunotherapeutic delivery is a highly preferred route of administration due to its ease of administration, higher patient compliance, and increased ability to generate specialized immune responses. However, the harsh environment and slow systemic absorption, due to various biological barriers, reduces the immunotherapeutic bioavailability, and in turn prevents widespread use of oral delivery. Nonetheless, cutting edge biomaterials are being synthesized to combat these biological barriers within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for the enhancement of drug bioavailability and targeting the immune system. For example, advancements in biomaterials and synthesized drug agents have provided distinctive methods to promote localized drug absorption for the modulation of local or systemic immune responses. Additionally, novel breakthroughs in the immunoengineering field show promise in the development of vaccine delivery systems for disease prevention as well as combating autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review will discuss current progress made within the field of biomaterials and drug delivery systems to enhance oral immunotherapeutic availability, and how these new delivery platforms can be utilized to deliver immunotherapeutics for resolution of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Le
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Brian Aguilar
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Joslyn L. Mangal
- Biological Design, School for Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biological Design, School for Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and energyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and VirotherapyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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17
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Morawska I, Kurkowska S, Bębnowska D, Hrynkiewicz R, Becht R, Michalski A, Piwowarska-Bilska H, Birkenfeld B, Załuska-Ogryzek K, Grywalska E, Roliński J, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. The Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of Atopic Diseases in Selective IgA Deficiency. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3809. [PMID: 34501259 PMCID: PMC8432128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency disease (PID), with an estimated occurrence from about 1:3000 to even 1:150, depending on population. sIgAD is diagnosed in adults and children after the 4th year of age, with immunoglobulin A level below 0.07 g/L and normal levels of IgM and IgG. Usually, the disease remains undiagnosed throughout the patient's life, due to its frequent asymptomatic course. If symptomatic, sIgAD is connected to more frequent viral and bacterial infections of upper respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as autoimmune and allergic diseases. Interestingly, it may also be associated with other PIDs, such as IgG subclasses deficiency or specific antibodies deficiency. Rarely sIgAD can evolve to common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID). It should also be remembered that IgA deficiency may occur in the course of other conditions or result from their treatment. It is hypothesized that allergic diseases (e.g., eczema, rhinitis, asthma) are more common in patients diagnosed with this particular PID. Selective IgA deficiency, although usually mildly symptomatic, can be difficult for clinicians. The aim of the study is to summarize the connection between selective IgA deficiency and atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Morawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Sara Kurkowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Dominika Bębnowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St., 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St., 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Rafał Becht
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Bożena Birkenfeld
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Załuska-Ogryzek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
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18
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Zhang J, van Oostrom D, Li J, Savelkoul HFJ. Innate Mechanisms in Selective IgA Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649112. [PMID: 33981304 PMCID: PMC8107477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD), characterized by a serum IgA level below 0.07 mg/ml, while displaying normal serum levels of IgM and IgG antibodies, is the most frequently occurring primary immunodeficiency that reveals itself after the first four years after birth. These individuals with SIgAD are for the majority healthy and even when they are identified they are usually not investigated further or followed up. However, recent studies show that newborns and young infants already display clinical manifestations of this condition due to aberrancies in their immune defense. Interestingly, there is a huge heterogeneity in the clinical symptoms of the affected individuals. More than 50% of the affected individuals do not have clinical symptoms, while the individuals that do show clinical symptoms can suffer from mild to severe infections, allergies and autoimmune diseases. However, the reason for this heterogeneity in the manifestation of clinical symptoms of the individuals with SIgAD is unknown. Therefore, this review focusses on the characteristics of innate immune system driving T-cell independent IgA production and providing a mechanism underlying the development of SIgAD. Thereby, we focus on some important genes, including TNFRSF13B (encoding TACI), associated with SIgAD and the involvement of epigenetics, which will cover the methylation degree of TNFRSF13B, and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota, in the development of SIgAD. Currently, no specific treatment for SIgAD exists and novel therapeutic strategies could be developed based on the discussed information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Zhang
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Dèlenn van Oostrom
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - JianXi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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19
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Xu X, Liu Z, Xiong W, Qiu M, Kang S, Xu Q, Cai L, He F. Combined and interaction effect of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and smoking on lung cancer: a case-control study in Southeast China. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:903. [PMID: 32962687 PMCID: PMC7510273 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case-control study investigated the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the combined and interaction effect of Cpn infection, smoking, and various environmental factors. METHODS The study comprised 449 lung cancer patients and 512 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants provided a 5 ml fasting peripheral venous blood sample for testing Cpn-specific IgG and IgA by using micro-immunofluorescence. Besides analyzing the associations between Cpn and lung cancer, combined effect analysis, logistic regression, and the Excel table made by Andersson were used to analyze the combined and interaction effects of Cpn and environmental factors on lung cancer. RESULTS Compared to those with no evidence of serum Cpn IgA or Cpn IgG, those with both Cpn IgG+ and IgA+ had 2.00 times the risk (95% CI: 1.34-3.00) of developing lung cancer. Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.10-2.91) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.38-3.72), respectively. Those exposed to passive smoking with Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ also showed an increased risk of lung cancer; the adjusted OR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.20-2.77) or 1.87 (95% CI: 1.22-2.87), respectively. Similar results were also observed among alcohol drinkers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were not observed between Cpn infection and environmental factors. The combined effects of Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer on lung cancer were determined. CONCLUSION Cpn infection is potentially associated with primary lung cancer in the Chinese Han population and has combined effects with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Weimin Xiong
- Department of Health and Quarantine, The Xiamen Customs of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, 361001, China
| | - Minglian Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Shuling Kang
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350004, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Medical Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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20
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Lacerda Mariano L, Ingersoll MA. The immune response to infection in the bladder. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:439-458. [PMID: 32661333 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bladder is continuously protected by passive defences such as a mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides and secretory immunoglobulins; however, these defences are occasionally overcome by invading bacteria that can induce a strong host inflammatory response in the bladder. The urothelium and resident immune cells produce additional defence molecules, cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells to the infected tissue. Resident and recruited immune cells act together to eradicate bacteria from the bladder and to develop lasting immune memory against infection. However, urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly recurrent, suggesting that the induction of a memory response in the bladder is inadequate to prevent reinfection. Additionally, infection seems to induce long-lasting changes in the urothelium, which can render the tissue more susceptible to future infection. The innate immune response is well-studied in the field of UTI, but considerably less is known about how adaptive immunity develops and how repair mechanisms restore bladder homeostasis following infection. Furthermore, data demonstrate that sex-based differences in immunity affect resolution and infection can lead to tissue remodelling in the bladder following resolution of UTI. To combat the rise in antimicrobial resistance, innovative therapeutic approaches to bladder infection are currently in development. Improving our understanding of how the bladder responds to infection will support the development of improved treatments for UTI, particularly for those at risk of recurrent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Lacerda Mariano
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1223, Paris, France
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1223, Paris, France.
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21
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Efficacy and safety of immediate oral intake in patients with mild acute pancreatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2020; 74:110724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Zachova K, Kosztyu P, Zadrazil J, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Hubacek P, Julian BA, Moldoveanu Z, Novak Z, Kostovcikova K, Raska M, Mestecky J. Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32184780 PMCID: PMC7058636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the dominant type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, IgAN rarely affects African Blacks and is uncommon in African Americans. Polymeric IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge-region glycans is recognized as auto-antigen by glycan-specific antibodies, leading to formation of circulating immune complexes with nephritogenic consequences. Because human B cells infected in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) secrete galactose-deficient IgA1, we examined peripheral blood B cells from adult IgAN patients, and relevant controls, for the presence of EBV and their phenotypic markers. We found that IgAN patients had more lymphoblasts/plasmablasts that were surface-positive for IgA, infected with EBV, and displayed increased expression of homing receptors for targeting the upper respiratory tract. Upon polyclonal stimulation, these cells produced more galactose-deficient IgA1 than did cells from healthy controls. Unexpectedly, in healthy African Americans, EBV was detected preferentially in surface IgM- and IgD-positive cells. Importantly, most African Blacks and African Americans acquire EBV within 2 years of birth. At that time, the IgA system is naturally deficient, manifested as low serum IgA levels and few IgA-producing cells. Consequently, EBV infects cells secreting immunoglobulins other than IgA. Our novel data implicate Epstein-Barr virus infected IgA+ cells as the source of galactose-deficient IgA1 and basis for expression of relevant homing receptors. Moreover, the temporal sequence of racial-specific differences in Epstein-Barr virus infection as related to the naturally delayed maturation of the IgA system explains the racial disparity in the prevalence of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Zachova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Matousovic
- Department of Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Hubacek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zdenek Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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23
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Gianchecchi E, Manenti A, Kistner O, Trombetta C, Manini I, Montomoli E. How to assess the effectiveness of nasal influenza vaccines? Role and measurement of sIgA in mucosal secretions. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:429-437. [PMID: 31225704 PMCID: PMC6692539 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgAs (sIgA) constitute the principal isotype of antibodies present in nasal and mucosal secretions. They are secreted by plasma cells adjacent to the mucosal epithelial cells, the site where infection occurs, and are the main humoral mediator of mucosal immunity. Mucosally delivered vaccines, such as live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), are able to mimic natural infection without causing disease or virus transmission and mainly elicit a local immune response. The measurement of sIgA concentrations in nasal swab/wash and saliva samples is therefore a valuable tool for evaluating their role in the effectiveness of such vaccines. Here, we describe two standardized assays (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and microneutralization) available for the quantification of sIgA and discuss the advantages and limitations of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudia Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Srl, Siena, Italy.,VisMederi Research Srl, Siena, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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24
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Lipid Indices, Elastin Turnover and the Development of Microvascular Complications – A Study in Diabetic Patients with Arterial Hypertension. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims: An important factor in the development of vascular wall lesions is the degradation of the elastic fiber major protein – elastin. Elastin peptides (EDP) derived from this degradation are present in the circulation and are a stimulus for the production of anti-elastin antibodies (AEAbs) IgM, IgG and IgA. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between AEAbs, lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications.
Material and Methods: Sera of 93 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) were investigated (mean age 61,4 ± 11,3 years, diabetes duration 9,88 ± 3,12 years; hypertension duration 9,28 ± 4,98). ELISA was used for determination of anti-elastin antibodies. These levels were compared to serum AEAbs in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. Diabetic patients were divided in two groups according to the presence – Group 1 (n = 67) or absence – Group 2 (n = 26) of microangiopathy. The lipid profile and lipid indices (log TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL and TG/HDL) were also studied.
Results: Patients with T2DM and AH showed statistically significant higher levels of serum AEAbs IgA than healthy controls – 0,338 (0,133÷0,452) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 19,54; P < 0.0001). Group 1 showed statistically significant higher levels of AEAbs IgA than patients without microangiopathy – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) (KW = 3,36; p = 0.05) and healthy controls – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 20,37; p < 0,0001) (0.37 ± 0,03 vs. 0.06÷0.01) (p = 0.0001). Patients from Group 2 showed significantly higher levels of AEAbs IgA than controls 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 8,54; P = 0.003). AEAbs IgA showed correlation with insulin dose (r = −0.35); (p = 0.01), SBP (r = 0.31); (p = 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.21); (p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01). AEAbs IgA correlated with log TG/HDL (r = 0.28); (p = 0.001), LDL/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) TC/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) and with TG/HDL (r = 0.15); (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study proved a relationship between elevation of AEAb IgA, high lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.
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25
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Li B, Zhang JQ, Han XG, Wang ZL, Xu YY, Miao JF. Macleaya cordata helps improve the growth-promoting effect of chlortetracycline on broiler chickens. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 19:776-784. [PMID: 30269445 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlortetracycline (CTC), one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth performance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and the indices of α diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xian-Gan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zheng-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin-Feng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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26
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Arakawa S, Suzukawa M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi K, Matsui H, Nagai H, Nagase T, Ohta K. Secretory immunoglobulin A induces human lung fibroblasts to produce inflammatory cytokines and undergo activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 195:287-301. [PMID: 30570135 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A is the most abundant immunoglobulin in humans, and in the airway mucosa secretory IgA (sIgA) plays a pivotal role in first-line defense against invading pathogens and antigens. IgA has been reported to also have pathogenic effects, including possible worsening of the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the precise effects of IgA on lung fibroblasts remain unclear, and we aimed to elucidate how IgA activates human lung fibroblasts. We found that sIgA, but not monomeric IgA (mIgA), induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) at both the protein and mRNA levels. sIgA also promoted proliferation of NHLFs and collagen gel contraction comparable to with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which is involved in fibrogenesis in IPF. Also, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that sIgA enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (Col I) by NHLFs. Flow cytometry showed that NHLFs bound sIgA, and among the known IgA receptors, NHLFs significantly expressed CD71 (transferrin receptor). Transfection of siRNA targeting CD71 partially but significantly suppressed cytokine production by NHLFs co-cultured with sIgA. Our findings suggest that sIgA may promote human lung inflammation and fibrosis by enhancing production of inflammatory or fibrogenic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix, inducing fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and promoting human lung fibroblast proliferation. sIgA's enhancement of cytokine production may be due partially to its binding to CD71 or the secretory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arakawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Matsui
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nagai
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ohta
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Sabbaj S, Mestecky J. Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues. CURRENT IMMUNOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 15:41-48. [PMID: 33312087 PMCID: PMC7731984 DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180621152303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune systems of the genital and intestinal tracts as the most frequent sites of HIV-1 entry, display remarkable immunological differences from the systemic immune compartment which must be considered in the evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Marked differences in the fluids from the genital and intestinal tracts and in plasma with respect to the Ig isotypes, their levels, molecular forms and distinct effector functions must be taken into consideration in the evaluation and interpretation of humoral immune responses. Because of the low levels and highly pronounced variation in Ig content, HIV-1-specific antibody concentrations should be always related to the levels of total Ig of a given isotype. This practice will avoid inevitable differences due to the small volumes of collected fluids and sample dilution during the collection and processing of samples from external secretions. Furthermore, appropriate controls and immunochemical assays should be used to complement and confirm results generated by ELISA, which is prone to false positivity. In the evaluation of antibody-mediated virus neutralization in external secretions, precautions and rigorous controls must be used to exclude the effect of innate humoral factors. The evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues is difficult due to the low yields of cells obtained from tissue biopsies or cytobrush scrapings. Furthermore, tissue biopsies of, for example rectal mucosa, provide information pertinent exclusively to this local site, which due to the differences in distribution of cells of different phenotypes, do not provide information generalized to the entire intestinal tract. Importantly, studies concerning the kinetics of cellular responses are difficult to perform due to the limited availability of samples or to the inability of obtaining frequent repeated tissue biopsies. For sampling the female genital tract parallel collection of menstrual and peripheral blood yields high numbers of cells that permit their detailed phenotypic and functional analyses. In contrast to tissue biopsies, this non-traumatic collection procedure, results in high cell yields and repeated monthly sampling permits extensive and parallel functional studies of kinetics and unique characteristics of HIV-1-specific cellular responses in the female genital tract and peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Sabbaj
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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28
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Xu Y, Sun J, Cui Y, Yu S, He J, Liu P, Zhang Q. Age‐related changes in the morphology and the distribution of IgA and IgG in the pharyngeal tonsils of yaks (Bos grunniens). J Morphol 2018; 280:214-222. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Juan Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Junfeng He
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Penggang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
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29
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Mohd Hanafiah K, Garcia ML, Barnes NC, Anderson DA. Detection of virus-specific polymeric immunoglobulin A in acute hepatitis A, C, E virus serum samples using novel chimeric secretory component. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:688. [PMID: 30285838 PMCID: PMC6167832 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct a proof-of-concept study on preferential binding of polymeric IgA (pIgA) using a novel recombinant rabbit/human chimeric secretory component (cSC) and preliminary assessment of the diagnostic potential of virus-specific pIgA in discriminating acute hepatitis A, E, and C (HAV, HEV, HCV) patients and uninfected controls using an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results cSC binds > 0.06 μg/ml of purified human and mouse pIgA with negligible cross-reactivity against IgM and IgA. Virus-specific pIgA was significantly higher in serum of acute HAV (n = 6) and HEV (n = 12) patients than uninfected samples (HEV: p < 0.001; HAV: p = 0.001), and had low correlation with virus-specific IgM (HEV r: − 0.25, 95% CI − 0.88 to 0.71, p = 0.636; HAV r: 0.05, 95% CI − 0.54 to 0.60, p: 0.885). Anti-HCV pIgA peaked early in HCV seroconversion panels (n = 14), and was undetectable after 4 weeks post-primary bleed, even in ongoing infections, while serum anti-HCV IgA, IgG and IgM persisted. Patients with early acute HCV infection had significantly higher levels of anti-HCV pIgA compared to those with chronic infections (p < 0.01). The use of novel cSC demonstrates the presence of virus-specific pIgA in sera of patients with acute HAV, HEV, and HCV infection, and posits its potential utility as a diagnostic biomarker that warrants further validation on larger sample populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Immunology, Monash University, 86 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mary L Garcia
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Nadine C Barnes
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - David A Anderson
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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30
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HIV-1-Specific IgA Monoclonal Antibodies from an HIV-1 Vaccinee Mediate Galactosylceramide Blocking and Phagocytosis. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01552-17. [PMID: 29321320 PMCID: PMC5972890 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01552-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-elicited humoral immune responses comprise an array of antibody forms and specificities, with only a fraction contributing to protective host immunity. Elucidation of antibody effector functions responsible for protective immunity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition is a major goal for the HIV-1 vaccine field. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important part of the host defense against pathogens; however, little is known about the role of vaccine-elicited IgA and its capacity to mediate antiviral functions. To identify the antiviral functions of HIV-1-specific IgA elicited by vaccination, we cloned HIV-1 envelope-specific IgA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by memory B cell cultures from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an RV144 vaccinee and produced two IgA clonal cell lines (HG129 and HG130) producing native, nonrecombinant IgA MAbs. The HG129 and HG130 MAbs mediated phagocytosis by monocytes, and HG129 blocked HIV-1 Env glycoprotein binding to galactosylceramide, an alternative HIV-1 receptor. These findings elucidate potential antiviral functions of vaccine-elicited HIV-1 envelope-specific IgA that may act to block HIV-1 acquisition at the portal of entry by preventing HIV-1 binding to galactosylceramide and mediating antibody Fc receptor-mediated virion phagocytosis. Furthermore, these findings highlight the complex and diverse interactions of vaccine-elicited IgA with pathogens that depend on IgA fine specificity and form (e.g., multimeric or monomeric) in the systemic circulation and mucosal compartments. IMPORTANCE Host-pathogen interactions in vivo involve numerous immune mechanisms that can lead to pathogen clearance. Understanding the nature of antiviral immune mechanisms can inform the design of efficacious HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Evidence suggests that both neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies can mediate some protection against HIV in animal models. Although numerous studies have characterized the functional properties of HIV-1-specific IgG, more studies are needed on the functional attributes of HIV-1-specific IgA, specifically for vaccine-elicited IgA. Characterization of the functional properties of HIV-1 Env-specific IgA monoclonal antibodies from human vaccine clinical trials are critical toward understanding the capacity of the host immune response to block HIV-1 acquisition.
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31
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Membrane-anchored stalk domain of influenza HA enhanced immune responses in mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:421-426. [PMID: 29174687 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies for influenza virus vaccines primarily aim to elicit immune responses towards the globular head domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein so that binding of the virus to membrane receptors on the host cells is inhibited. In the present study, we show a novel strategy to generate immunity against the highly conserved region of the influenza virus. The globular head domain was replaced by different linkers to generate a headless HA (stalk domain) and then coexpressed with influenza M1 proteinin Tni insect cells. The expression was validated by western blot analysis, and stalk domain with peptides (GGGGS)4 linkers was identified to anchor in a stable way to the cell membrane. An immunoelectron microscope showed that stalk domain with (GGGGS)4 linkers were steadily incorporated to the surface of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs). Mice immunized with these VLPs exhibited enhanced systemic antibody responses with increased binding avidity and study found high titers of ADCC antibodies to the influenza virus, these VLPs also induced mucosal immune responses and produced antigen-specific IgG and IgA in nasal and lung washes. In addition, antigen-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) increased significantly in the spleen and lymph node. The results of this study suggest that the headless HA is a useful target in developing a universal vaccine against influenza virus.
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32
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Srivastava SK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Mehrotra S, Verma MR, Singh AK, Nandi S, Srivastava N, Singh SK, Goswami TK, Bhure SK, Kumar H, Ghosh SK. Antisperm antibodies in repeat-breeding cows: Frequency, detection and validation of threshold levels employing sperm immobilization, sperm agglutination and immunoperoxidase assay. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:195-202. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SK Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - S Shinde
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - SK Singh
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - S Mehrotra
- AI Laboratory, LPM; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - MR Verma
- Division of LES & IT; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - AK Singh
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - S Nandi
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - N Srivastava
- Quality Control, Semen Freezing Laboratory; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle; Meerut India
| | - SK Singh
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - TK Goswami
- Immunology Section; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - SK Bhure
- Biochemistry and Food Science Sections; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - H Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - SK Ghosh
- Division of Animal Reproduction; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
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33
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Rezende RM, Weiner HL. History and mechanisms of oral tolerance. Semin Immunol 2017; 30:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liao SH, Li Y, Lai YN, Liu N, Zhang FX, Xu PP. Ribavirin attenuates the respiratory immune responses to influenza viral infection in mice. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1661-1669. [PMID: 28243801 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is used against RNA and DNA viruses and has been reported to inhibit infection by influenza A and B virus in vitro and in vivo. Studies have shown that ribavirin can lower convalescent antibody titers in young children hospitalized with influenza. Here, we report that ribavirin administration in juvenile mice significantly attenuated respiratory immune responses, production of total IgA and hemagglutinin (HA)-specific secretory IgA responses on the mucosal surface. In contrast, systemic IgG and IgA responses were not affected. Ribavirin significantly suppressed toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in the lung and decreased the level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in lung tissues of mice infected with influenza virus. Our findings suggest ribavirin appears to be able to inhibit viral replication and, as a result, TLR and cytokine expression are not up-regulated, attenuating inflammation as well as the respiratory tract's immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hui Liao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Lai
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Liu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xue Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ping Xu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Sano Y, Gomez FE, Kang W, Lan J, Maeshima Y, Hermsen JL, Ueno C, Kudsk KA. Intestinal Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Is Affected by Type and Route of Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 31:351-6; discussion 356-7. [PMID: 17712142 DOI: 10.1177/0148607107031005351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) prevents adherence of pathogens at mucosal surfaces to prevent invasive infection. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is located on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and binds dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by plasma cells in the lamina propria. This IgA-pIgR complex is transported apically, where IgA is exocytosed as SIgA to the mucosal surface. Our prior work shows that mice fed intragastric (IG, an elemental diet model) and IV parenteral nutrition (PN) solution have reduced intestinal T and B cells, SIgA, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) compared with mice fed chow or a complex enteral diet (CED). Prior work also demonstrates a reduction in IgA transport to mucosal surfaces in IV PN-fed mice. Because IL-4 up-regulates pIgR production, this work studies the effects of these diets on intestinal pIgR. METHODS Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomized to chow (n = 11) with IV catheter, CED (n = 10) or IG PN (n = 11) via gastrostomy and IV PN (n = 12) for 5 days. CED and PN were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Small intestine was harvested for pIgR and IL-4 assays after mucosal washing for IgA. IgA and IL-4 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pIgR by Western blot. RESULTS Small intestinal pIgR expression, IgA levels, and IL-4 levels decreased significantly in IV PN and IG PN groups. CONCLUSIONS Lack of enteral stimulation affects multiple mechanisms responsible for decreased intestinal SIgA levels, including reduced T and B cells in the lamina propria, reduced Th-2 IgA-stimulating cytokines, and impaired expression of the IgA transport protein, pIgR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Sano
- Department od Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, USA
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36
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Carlier FM, Sibille Y, Pilette C. The epithelial barrier and immunoglobulin A system in allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1372-1388. [PMID: 27684559 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway and intestinal epithelial layers represent first-line physical barriers, playing a key role in mucosal immunity. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by alterations such as disruption of cell-cell apical junctions and aberrant epithelial responses, probably constitutes early and key events for chronic immune responses to environmental antigens in the skin and in the gut. For instance, barrier dysfunction drives Th2 responses in atopic disorders or eosinophilic esophagitis. Such epithelial impairment is also a salient feature of allergic asthma and growing evidence indicates that barrier alterations probably play a driving role in this disease. IgA has been identified as the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosa, where it acts as an active barrier through immune exclusion of inhaled or ingested antigens or pathogens. Historically, it has been thought to represent the serum factor underlying reaginic activity before IgE was discovered. Despite several studies about regulation and major functions of IgA at mucosal surfaces, its role in allergy remains largely unclear. This review aims at summarizing findings about epithelial functions and IgA biology that are relevant to allergy, and to integrate the emerging concepts and the recent developments in mucosal immunology, and how these could translate to clinical observations in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Carlier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium.
| | - Y Sibille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
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37
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Dong X, Azzam M, Zou X. Effects of dietary L-isoleucine on laying performance and immunomodulation of laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2297-305. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Chinthrajah RS, Hernandez JD, Boyd SD, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:984-997. [PMID: 27059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large numbers of commensal microbes. Here we review our current understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for oral tolerance and how perturbations in these mechanisms might promote the loss of oral tolerance and development of food allergies. Roles for the commensal microbiome in promoting oral tolerance and the association of intestinal dysbiosis with food allergy are discussed. Growing evidence supports cutaneous sensitization to food antigens as one possible mechanism leading to the failure to develop or loss of oral tolerance. A goal of immunotherapy for food allergies is to induce sustained desensitization or even true long-term oral tolerance to food allergens through mechanisms that might in part overlap with those associated with the development of natural oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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39
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Miyata K, Mohri K, Egawa T, Endo R, Morimoto N, Ochiai K, Hiwatari KI, Tsubaki K, Tobita E, Uto T, Baba M, Sakuma S. Demonstration of d-Octaarginine-Linked Polymers as Promising Adjuvants for Mucosal Vaccination through Influenza Virus Challenge. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1865-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Kohta Mohri
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Tomomi Egawa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ochiai
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hiwatari
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Tsubaki
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life
Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- School
of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Kihara 5200 Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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40
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Kermanshahi H, Ghofrani Tabari D, Khodambashi Emami N, Daneshmand A, Ibrahim SA. Effect of in ovo injection of threonine on immunoglobulin A gene expression in the intestine of Japanese quail at hatch. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:10-14. [PMID: 27445232 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of threonine (THR) on immunoglobulin A (IgA) gene expression of Japanese quail on hatch day. A total of 540 Japanese quail eggs were assigned into nine groups of 60 each and were set in a single-stage incubator. Treatments were as follows: non-injected (control), two diluent levels (0.05 or 0.1 ml saline), two sites of injection (in or under the air sac) and with or without nutrients (0.5 mg/ml THR). Eggs were injected on d 11 of incubation. On hatch day, after euthanizing hatched quail chicks, the intestine was removed and the jejunum was separated. The relative mRNA expression of jejunal IgA increased (p < 0.05) by the injection of 0.05 ml THR under the air sac when compared to the control group or other treatments of injection. Compared to the control group, no differences were imputable to treatments of 0.1-ml injections on IgA gene expression. Differences with other injected groups were not significant. It was concluded that injection of 0.05 ml saline containing 0.5 mg THR/ml under the air sac can improve jejunal IgA mRNA expression in newly hatched Japanese quail chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - D Ghofrani Tabari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - N Khodambashi Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Daneshmand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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41
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TAKANARI J, NAKAHIGASHI J, SATO A, WAKI H, MIYAZAKI S, UEBABA K, HISAJIMA T. Effect of Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) on Psychological Stress in Healthy Individuals. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 62:198-205. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideaki WAKI
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Shogo MIYAZAKI
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Kazuo UEBABA
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Tatsuya HISAJIMA
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
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42
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Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:317-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Mikami Y, Iwase T, Komiyama Y, Matsumoto N, Oki H, Komiyama K. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor inhibits expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:568-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Kim ED, Han SJ, Byun YH, Yoon SC, Choi KS, Seong BL, Seo KY. Inactivated Eyedrop Influenza Vaccine Adjuvanted with Poly(I:C) Is Safe and Effective for Inducing Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137608. [PMID: 26355295 PMCID: PMC4565664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye route has been evaluated as an efficient vaccine delivery routes. However, in order to induce sufficient antibody production with inactivated vaccine, testing of the safety and efficacy of the use of inactivated antigen plus adjuvant is needed. Here, we assessed various types of adjuvants in eyedrop as an anti-influenza serum and mucosal Ab production-enhancer in BALB/c mice. Among the adjuvants, poly (I:C) showed as much enhancement in antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody production as cholera toxin (CT) after vaccinations with trivalent hemagglutinin-subunits or split H1N1 vaccine antigen in mice. Vaccination with split H1N1 eyedrop vaccine antigen plus poly(I:C) showed a similar or slightly lower efficacy in inducing antibody production than intranasal vaccination; the eyedrop vaccine-induced immunity was enough to protect mice from lethal homologous influenza A/California/04/09 (H1N1) virus challenge. Additionally, ocular inoculation with poly(I:C) plus vaccine antigen generated no signs of inflammation within 24 hours: no increases in the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines nor in the infiltration of mononuclear cells to administration sites. In contrast, CT administration induced increased expression of IL-6 cytokine mRNA and mononuclear cell infiltration in the conjunctiva within 24 hours of vaccination. Moreover, inoculated visualizing materials by eyedrop did not contaminate the surface of the olfactory bulb in mice; meanwhile, intranasally administered materials defiled the surface of the brain. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the use of eyedrop inactivated influenza vaccine plus poly(I:C) is a safe and effective mucosal vaccine strategy for inducing protective anti-influenza immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Choi
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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45
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Cholesteryl Pullulan Encapsulated TNF-α Nanoparticles Are an Effective Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant against Influenza Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:471468. [PMID: 26421290 PMCID: PMC4569761 DOI: 10.1155/2015/471468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We encapsulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major proinflammatory cytokine, into cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) to prepare TNF/CHP nanoparticles. In this report, we describe the immune-enhancing capability of the nanoparticles to act as a vaccine adjuvant. TNF/CHP nanoparticles showed excellent storage stability and enhanced host immune responses to external immunogens. The nanoparticles were effective via the nasal route of administration for inducing systemic IgG1 as well as mucosal IgA. We applied the nanoparticles in a model experimental influenza virus infection to investigate their adjuvant ability. TNF/CHP nanoparticles combined with a conventional split vaccine protected mice via nasal administration against a lethal challenge of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus. Mechanistic studies showed that the nanoparticles enhanced antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and moderately induced the expression of inflammation-related genes in nasopharynx lymphoid tissue (NALT), leading to the activation of both B and T cells. Preliminary safety study revealed no severe toxicity to TNF/CHP nanoparticles. Slight-to-moderate influences in nasal mucosa were observed only in the repeated administration and they seemed to be reversible. Our data show that TNF/CHP nanoparticles effectively enhance both humoral and cellular immunity and could be a potential adjuvant for vaccines against infectious diseases, especially in the mucosa.
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Sakuma S, Morimoto N, Nishida K, Murakami T, Egawa T, Endo R, Kataoka M, Yamashita S, Miyata K, Mohri K, Ochiai K, Hiwatari KI, Koike S, Tobita E, Uto T, Baba M. Cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin A secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice nasally inoculated with inactivated H1N1 influenza A viruses in the presence of D-octaarginine-linked polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:56-64. [PMID: 25720816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice that were nasally inoculated 4 times with a mixture of inactivated H1N1 influenza A viruses and poly(N-vinylacetamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNVA-co-AA) bearing d-octaarginine at 7-day intervals. Three viral strains (A/Puerto Rico/8/34, A/New Caledonia/20/99 IVR116, and A/Solomon Islands/03/2006) and D-octaarginine-linked polymers with different molecular weights were used as antigens and their carriers, respectively. Secretion of intranasal IgA was barely observed when the inactivated virus alone was administered. The polymer induced the production of intranasal IgA specific to the inoculated viruses, irrespective of the viral strain and molecular weight of the polymer. The respective antibodies cross-reacted to recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of not only the viral strain used for immunization but also other H1N1 strains, including A/Puerto Rico/8/34 strain whose hemagglutinin proteins are diverse from those of other strains. Mice with high reactivity of IgA to the inoculated viruses tended to acquire clear cross-reactivity to other viral strains. Notably, IgA induced by inactivated H1N1 A/New Caledonia/20/99 IVR116 strain with the strongest immunogenicity between 3 antigens in the presence of the polymer cross-reacted to recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of the A/Brisbane/10/2007 and A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 strains, which are categorized into H3N2 and H5N1, respectively. Our polymer is a potential candidate for an efficient antigen carrier that induces mucosal IgA having cross-reactivity to antigenically drifted variants, irrespective of the subtype of viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Egawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ochiai
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Koike
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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47
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The enteric nervous system neuropeptide, bombesin, reverses innate immune impairments during parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 2015; 260:432-43; discussion 443-4. [PMID: 25115419 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of enteral stimulation during parenteral nutrition (PN) impairs mucosal immunity. Bombesin (BBS), a gastrin-releasing peptide analogue, reverses PN-induced defects in acquired immunity. Paneth cells produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immunity for release after cholinergic stimulation. OBJECTIVE Determine if BBS restores AMPs and bactericidal function during PN. METHODS Intravenously cannulated male ICR mice were randomized to Chow, PN, or PN+BBS (15 μg 3 times daily, n = 7 per group) for 5 days. Ileum was analyzed for AMPs (Protein: sPLA2 by fluorescence, lysozyme and RegIII-γ by western andcryptdin-4 by ELISA; mRNA: all by RT-PCR). Cholinergic stimulated (100 μM bethanechol) ileal specimens assessed Pseudomonas bactericidal activity. Ileum (Chow: n = 7; PN: n = 9; PN+BBS: n = 8) was assessed for Escherichia coli invasion in ex-vivo culture. RESULTS PN significantly decreased most AMPs versus Chow while BBS maintained Chow levels (sPLA2: Chow: 107 + 14*, PN: 44.6 + 7.2, PN+BBS: 78.7 + 13.4* Fl/min/μL/total protein; Lysozyme: Chow: 63.9 + 11.9*, PN: 26.8 + 6.2; PN+BBS: 64.9 + 13.8* lysozyme/total protein; RegIII-γ: Chow: 51.5 + 10.0*, PN: 20.4 + 4.3, PN+BBS: 31.0 + 8.4 RegIII-γ/total protein; Cryptdin-4: Chow: 18.4 + 1.5*, PN: 12.7 + 1.6, PN+BBS: 26.1 + 2.4*† pg/mg [all *P < 0.05 vs PN and †P < 0.05 vs Chow]). Functionally, BBS prevented PN loss of bactericidal activity after cholinergic stimulation (Chow: 25.3 + 3.6*, PN: 13.0 + 3.2; PN+BBS: 27.0 + 4.7* percent bacterial killing, *P < 0.05 vs PN). BBS reduced bacterial invasion in unstimulated tissue barely missing significance (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls AMP levels in Paneth cells during PN but mucosal protection by innate immunity requires both ENS and parasympathetic stimulation.
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Gutzeit C, Magri G, Cerutti A. Intestinal IgA production and its role in host-microbe interaction. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:76-85. [PMID: 24942683 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex and diverse communities of bacteria establish mutualistic and symbiotic relationships with the gut after birth. The intestinal immune system responds to bacterial colonization by acquiring a state of hypo-responsiveness against commensals and active readiness against pathogens. The resulting homeostatic balance involves a continuous dialog between the microbiota and lymphocytes with the intermediation of epithelial and dendritic cells. This dialog causes massive production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), a non-inflammatory antibody specialized in mucosal protection. Here, we discuss recent advances on the regulation of intestinal IgA responses and their role in host-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gutzeit
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Fahl K, Silva CA, Pastorino AC, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Jacob CMA. [Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in pediatric patients and their first-degree relatives with immunoglobulin A deficiency]. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 55:197-202. [PMID: 25582995 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical manifestations of Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) include recurrent infections, atopy and autoimmune diseases. However, to our knowledge, the concomitant evaluations of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in a cohort of IgAD patients with current age > 10 years-old and their relatives have not been assessed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies in IgAD patients and their first-degree relatives. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 34 IgAD patients (current age > 10 years-old) and their first-degree relatives. All of them were followed at a tertiary Brazilian primary immunodeficiency center: 27 children/adolescents and 7 of their first-degree relatives with a late diagnosis of IgAD. Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroperoxidase and IgA class anti-endomysial antibodies) were also assessed. RESULTS Autoimmune diseases (n=14) and/or autoantibodies (n=10, four of them with isolated autoantibodies) were observed in 18/34 (53%) of the patients and their relatives. The most common autoimmune diseases found were thyroiditis (18%), chronic arthritis (12%) and celiac disease (6%). The most frequent autoantibodies were antinuclear antibodies (2%), anti-thyroglobulin and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (24%). No significant differences were observed in the female gender, age at diagnosis and current age in IgAD patients with and without autoimmune diseases and/or presence of autoantibodies (p>0.05). The frequencies of primary immunodeficiency's in family, autoimmunity in family, atopy and recurrent infections were similar in both groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies were observed in IgAD patients during follow-up, reinforcing the necessity of a rigorous and continuous follow-up during adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Fahl
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio C Pastorino
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristina M A Jacob
- Unidade de Alergia Pediátrica e Imunologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Moldoveanu Z, Fujihashi K. Collection and Processing of External Secretions and Tissues of Mouse Origin. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.15002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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