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Rojas-Torres M, Beltrán-Camacho L, Martínez-Val A, Sánchez-Gomar I, Eslava-Alcón S, Rosal-Vela A, Jiménez-Palomares M, Doiz-Artázcoz E, Martínez-Torija M, Moreno-Luna R, Olsen JV, Duran-Ruiz MC. Unraveling the differential mechanisms of revascularization promoted by MSCs & ECFCs from adipose tissue or umbilical cord in a murine model of critical limb-threatening ischemia. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:71. [PMID: 39004727 PMCID: PMC11247736 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) constitutes the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease, usually induced by atherosclerosis. CLTI patients suffer from high risk of amputation of the lower extremities and elevated mortality rates, while they have low options for surgical revascularization due to associated comorbidities. Alternatively, cell-based therapeutic strategies represent an effective and safe approach to promote revascularization. However, the variability seen in several factors such as cell combinations or doses applied, have limited their success in clinical trials, being necessary to reach a consensus regarding the optimal "cellular-cocktail" prior further application into the clinic. To achieve so, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which these cells exert their regenerative properties. Herein, we have evaluated, for the first time, the regenerative and vasculogenic potential of a combination of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose-tissue (AT), compared with ECFCs from umbilical cord blood (CB-ECFCs) and AT-MSCs, in a murine model of CLTI. METHODS Balb-c nude mice (n:32) were distributed in four different groups (n:8/group): control shams, and ischemic mice (after femoral ligation) that received 50 µl of physiological serum alone or a cellular combination of AT-MSCs with either CB-ECFCs or AT-ECFCs. Follow-up of blood flow reperfusion and ischemic symptoms was carried out for 21 days, when mice were sacrificed to evaluate vascular density formation. Moreover, the long-term molecular changes in response to CLTI and both cell combinations were analyzed in a proteomic quantitative approach. RESULTS AT-MSCs with either AT- or CB-ECFCs, promoted a significant recovery of blood flow in CLTI mice 21 days post-ischemia. Besides, they modulated the inflammatory and necrotic related processes, although the CB group presented the slowest ischemic progression along the assay. Moreover, many proteins involved in the repairing mechanisms promoted by cell treatments were identified. CONCLUSIONS The combination of AT-MSCs with AT-ECFCs or with CB-ECFCs promoted similar revascularization in CLTI mice, by restoring blood flow levels, together with the modulation of the inflammatory and necrotic processes, and reduction of muscle damage. The protein changes identified are representative of the molecular mechanisms involved in ECFCs and MSCs-induced revascularization (immune response, vascular repair, muscle regeneration, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojas-Torres
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain
| | - Lucía Beltrán-Camacho
- Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Val
- National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain
| | - Sara Eslava-Alcón
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosal-Vela
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain
| | - Margarita Jiménez-Palomares
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain
| | - Esther Doiz-Artázcoz
- Angiology & Vascular Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mario Martínez-Torija
- Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, 45071, Spain
- Nursing department, Hospital Universitario de Toledo (SESCAM), Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, 45071, Spain.
- Cooperative Research Network Orientated to Health Results, Vascular Brain Diseases, RICORS-ICTUS, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ma Carmen Duran-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11002, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, 11002, Spain.
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Science Faculty, Cádiz University. Torre Sur. Avda. República Saharaui S/N, Polígono Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11519, Spain.
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Talapphet N, Huh CS, Kim MM. Development of gold nanocluster complex for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha based on immunoassay. J Immunol Methods 2024; 527:113648. [PMID: 38373541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α, a cytokine recognized as a key regulator of inflammatory responses, is primarily produced by activated monocytes and macrophages. Measuring TNF-α levels serves as a valuable indicator for tracking several diseases and pathological states. Gold nanotechnology has been identified as a highly effective catalyst with unique properties for measuring inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to synthesize gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and the AuNCs-streptavidin system, along with their characterizations and spherical morphology. The detection of TNF-α antigen with AuNCs was determined, and a new immunoassay-based AuNCs analytical platform was studied. In this study, it was demonstrated that the synthesized AuNCs and AuNCs-streptavidin showed a bright-yellow appearance with absorption peaks at A600 and A610 nm, respectively. The approximately spherical shape was observed by TEM analysis. The AuNCs demonstrated a sensitivity limit for the detection of the TNF-α antigen, with a linear dose-dependent detection range of less than 1.25 ng/mL. The products of the band sizes and band intensities were proportional to the amount of TNF-α in the range of ∼80 kDa, ∼55 kDa, and ∼ 25 kDa in western blot analysis. The TNF-α in cell lysate was successfully detected using an immunoassay after the activation of RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This assay may serve as a viable alternative for TNF-α detection with high speed, sensitivity, and qualities, ensuring its broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natchanok Talapphet
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Soon Huh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
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Metzemaekers M, Malengier-Devlies B, Gouwy M, De Somer L, Cunha FDQ, Opdenakker G, Proost P. Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1537-1606. [PMID: 37036061 DOI: 10.1002/med.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host-protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well-established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all-too-well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil-rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Grillet B, Pereira RVS, Van Damme J, Abu El-Asrar A, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Matrix metalloproteinases in arthritis: towards precision medicine. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:363-377. [PMID: 37161083 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis of structural molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an irreversible post-translational modification in all arthropathies. Common joint disorders, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, have been associated with increased levels of matrix remodelling enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs, in concert with other host proteinases and glycanases, destroy proteoglycans, collagens and other ECM molecules. MMPs may also control joint remodelling indirectly by signalling through cell-surface receptors or by proteolysis of cytokines and receptor molecules. After synthesis as pro-forms, MMPs can be activated by various types of post-translational modifications, including proteolysis. Once activated, MMPs are controlled by general and specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In rheumatoid arthritis, proteolysis of the ECM results in so-called remnant epitopes that enhance and perpetuate autoimmune processes in susceptible hosts. In osteoarthritis, the considerable production of MMP-13 by chondrocytes, often concurrent with mechanical overload, is a key event. Hence, information about the regulation, timing, localization and activities of MMPs in specific disease phases and arthritic entities will help to develop better diagnostics. Insights into beneficial and detrimental effects of MMPs on joint tissue inflammation are also necessary to plan and execute (pre)clinical studies for better therapy and precision medicine with MMP inhibitors. With the advances in proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics, two critical points need attention: neglected neutrophil MMP biology, and the analysis of net proteolytic activities as the result of balances between MMPs and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Grillet
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Abu El-Asrar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Markov A, Bussweiler J, Helm N, Arntz F, Steidten T, Krohm L, Sacot A, Baumert P, Puta C, Chaabene H. Acute effects of concurrent muscle power and sport-specific endurance exercises on markers of immunological stress response and measures of muscular fitness in highly trained youth male athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1015-1026. [PMID: 36624248 PMCID: PMC9829527 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the acute effects of concurrent muscle power and sport-specific endurance exercises order on immunological stress responses, muscular-fitness, and rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth male judo athletes. METHODS Twenty male participants randomly performed two concurrent training (CT) sessions; power-endurance and endurance-power. Measures of immune response (e.g., white blood cells), muscular-fitness (i.e., counter-movement-jump [CMJ]), RPE, blood-lactate, and -glucose were taken at different time-point (i.e., pre, mid, post, and post6h). RESULTS There were significant time*order interactions for white blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. Power-endurance resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in white blood cells and lymphocytes while endurance-power resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in the granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. Likewise, significantly larger pre-to-post6h white blood cells and granulocytes increases were observed following power-endurance compared to endurance-power. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood-glucose and -lactate. Following endurance-power, blood-lactate and -glucose increased from pre-to-mid but not from pre-to-post. Meanwhile, in power-endurance blood-lactate and -glucose increased from pre-to-post but not from pre-to-mid. A significant time*order interaction was observed for CMJ-force with larger pre-to-post decreases in endurance-power compared to power-endurance. Further, CMJ-power showed larger pre-to-mid performance decreases following power-endurance, compared to endurance-power. Regarding RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger pre-to-mid values following endurance-power and larger pre-to-post values following power-endurance. CONCLUSION CT induced acute and delayed order-dependent immune cell count alterations in highly trained youth male judo athletes. In general, power-endurance induced higher acute and delayed immunological stress responses compared to endurance-power. CMJ-force and RPE fluctuated during both CT sessions but went back to baseline 6 h post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Markov
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany ,Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Bussweiler
- Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norman Helm
- Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Arntz
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Steidten
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Krohm
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arnau Sacot
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512University de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Philipp Baumert
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.442518.e0000 0004 0492 9538High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 8189 Jendouba, Tunisia
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Opdenakker G, Vermeire S, Abu El-Asrar A. How to place the duality of specific MMP-9 inhibition for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases into clinical opportunities? Front Immunol 2022; 13:983964. [PMID: 36164340 PMCID: PMC9509204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with the involvement of immune cells and molecules, including cytokines, chemokines and proteases. A previous extensive review about the molecular biology of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs), related to intestinal barrier destruction and restoration functions in IBD, is here complemented with the literature from the last five years. We also compare IBD as a prototypic mucosal inflammation of an epithelial barrier against microorganisms with inflammatory retinopathy as a disease with a barrier dysfunction at the level of blood vessels. Multiple reasons are at the basis of halting clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies against MMP-9 for IBD treatment. These include (i) the absence of a causative role of MMP-9 in the pathology in animal models of IBD, (ii) the fact that endotoxins, crossing the intestinal barrier, induce massive local release of both neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) and gelatinase B (MMP-9), (iii) insufficient recognition that MMPs modify the activities of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, (iv) ignorance that MMPs exist as mixtures of proteoforms with different posttranslational modifications and with different specific activities and (v) the fact that MMPs and TIMPs act in an interactive network, possibly having also beneficial effects on IBD evolution. Nevertheless, inhibition of MMPs may be a useful therapeutic approach during specific IBD disease phases or in specific sub-phenotypes. This temporary “window of opportunity” for MMP-9 inhibition may be complemented by a locoregional one, provided that the pharmacological agents are targeted in time to affected tissues, as is achieved in ophthalmological inflammation. Thus, in order to discover spatial and temporal windows of opportunity for MMP inhibition as treatment of IBD, more preclinical work including well controlled animal studies will be further needed. In this respect, MMP-9/NGAL complex analysis in various body compartments is helpful for better stratification of IBD patients who may benefit from anti-MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghislain Opdenakker,
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Thrombolysis in stroke patients with elevated inflammatory markers. J Neurol 2022; 269:5405-5419. [PMID: 35622132 PMCID: PMC9468078 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of white blood cell count (WBC) on functional outcome, mortality and bleeding risk in stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods In this prospective multicenter study from the TRISP registry, we assessed the association between WBC on admission and 3-month poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6), mortality and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH; ECASS-II-criteria) in IVT-treated stroke patients. WBC was used as continuous and categorical variable distinguishing leukocytosis (WBC > 10 × 109/l) and leukopenia (WBC < 4 × 109/l). We calculated unadjusted/ adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR [95% CI]) with logistic regression models. In a subgroup, we analyzed the association of combined leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP > 10 mg/l) on outcomes. Results Of 10,813 IVT-treated patients, 2527 had leukocytosis, 112 leukopenia and 8174 normal WBC. Increasing WBC (by 1 × 109/l) predicted poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.04[1.02–1.06]) but not mortality and sICH. Leukocytosis was independently associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.48[1.29–1.69]) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.60[1.35–1.89]) but not with sICH (ORadjusted 1.17[0.94–1.45]). Leukopenia did not predict any outcome. In a subgroup, combined leukocytosis and elevated CRP had the strongest association with poor outcome (ORadjusted 2.26[1.76–2.91]) and mortality (ORadjusted 2.43[1.86–3.16]) when compared to combined normal WBC and CRP. Conclusion In IVT-treated patients, leukocytosis independently predicted poor functional outcome and death. Bleeding complications after IVT were not independently associated with leukocytosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11173-0.
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Ziccardi C, Cohn LA, Janacek B, Gross J, Nafe L, Grobman M. Etiology and outcome of extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis: A multi-institutional retrospective study of 269 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:541-548. [PMID: 35043992 PMCID: PMC8965212 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The magnitude of diagnostic abnormalities can influence the perception of clinical outcome. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis (ENL) is an uncommon finding caused by markedly increased granulopoiesis. A lack of recent, large‐scale studies limits our understanding of the importance, causation, and prognosis associated with ENL in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe disease categories (DC) identified in dogs with ENL and identify variables associated with survival. We hypothesized that factors including fever, segmented and band neutrophil counts, and DC would be negatively associated with survival. Animals Two‐hundred sixty‐nine dogs with ENL (segmented neutrophils ≥50 × 103 cells/μL) presented to the veterinary teaching hospitals at Auburn University (n = 164), the University of Missouri (n = 81), and Oklahoma State University (n = 24) between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Methods Retrospective study. Demographic data and outcome variables including temperature, CBC findings, DC, duration of hospitalization (DOH) and outcome were acquired from the medical record. Statistical analyses included chi‐squared and Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and Pearson product moment correlations with a P < .05 significance level. Results Mortality was 41%. Survival differed with DC (P = .002). Mortality was higher (P < .05) in dogs with neoplasia (56.2%) vs immune‐mediated disease (20.5%) or tissue damage/necrosis (19%). Weight (P = .001, r = −0.14) and total neutrophil count (P = .04, r = −0.02) were weakly negatively associated with survival whereas DOH was weakly positively associated with survival (P = .03, r = 0.14). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Mortality in dogs with ENL is high but differed according to DC. Only weak correlations between clinical or clinicopathologic variables and mortality were identified. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis should be interpreted in conjunction with the underlying disease process, and not broadly used to predict clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Ziccardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Blakeley Janacek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacklyn Gross
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura Nafe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Megan Grobman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Malengier-Devlies B, Metzemaekers M, Wouters C, Proost P, Matthys P. Neutrophil Homeostasis and Emergency Granulopoiesis: The Example of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766620. [PMID: 34966386 PMCID: PMC8710701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key pathogen exterminators of the innate immune system endowed with oxidative and non-oxidative defense mechanisms. More recently, a more complex role for neutrophils as decision shaping cells that instruct other leukocytes to fine-tune innate and adaptive immune responses has come into view. Under homeostatic conditions, neutrophils are short-lived cells that are continuously released from the bone marrow. Their development starts with undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells that pass through different immature subtypes to eventually become fully equipped, mature neutrophils capable of launching fast and robust immune responses. During severe (systemic) inflammation, there is an increased need for neutrophils. The hematopoietic system rapidly adapts to this increased demand by switching from steady-state blood cell production to emergency granulopoiesis. During emergency granulopoiesis, the de novo production of neutrophils by the bone marrow and at extramedullary sites is augmented, while additional mature neutrophils are rapidly released from the marginated pools. Although neutrophils are indispensable for host protection against microorganisms, excessive activation causes tissue damage in neutrophil-rich diseases. Therefore, tight regulation of neutrophil homeostasis is imperative. In this review, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophil ontogenesis in homeostatic conditions and during emergency myelopoiesis and provide an overview of the different molecular players involved in this regulation. We substantiate this review with the example of an autoinflammatory disease, i.e. systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Structure-based molecular insights into matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatments. Future Med Chem 2021; 14:35-51. [PMID: 34779649 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are of considerable interest as anticancer agents. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were the earliest type of proteases considered as anticancer targets. The developments of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) by pharmaceutical companies can be dated from the early 1980s. Thus far, none of the over 50 MMPIs entering clinical trials have been approved. This work summarizes the reported studies on the structure of MMPs and complexes with ligands and inhibitors, based on which, the authors analyzed the clinical failures of MMPIs in a structural biological manner. Furthermore, MMPs were systematically compared with urokinase, a protease-generating plasmin, which plays similar pathological roles in cancer development; the reasons for the clinical successes of urokinase inhibitors and the clinical failures of MMPIs are discussed.
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11
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Vandooren J, Pereira RVS, Ugarte-Berzal E, Rybakin V, Noppen S, Stas MR, Bernaerts E, Ganseman E, Metzemaekers M, Schols D, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Internal Disulfide Bonding and Glycosylation of Interleukin-7 Protect Against Proteolytic Inactivation by Neutrophil Metalloproteinases and Serine Proteases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701739. [PMID: 34276694 PMCID: PMC8278288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a cell growth factor with a central role in normal T cell development, survival and differentiation. The lack of IL-7–IL-7 receptor(R)-mediated signaling compromises lymphoid development, whereas increased signaling activity contributes to the development of chronic inflammation, cancer and autoimmunity. Gain-of-function alterations of the IL-7R and the signaling through Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are enriched in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and autocrine production of IL-7 by T-ALL cells is involved in the phenotypes of leukemic initiation and oncogenic spreading. Several IL-7-associated pathologies are also characterized by increased presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), due to neutrophil degranulation and its regulated production by other cell types. Since proteases secreted by neutrophils are known to modulate the activity of many cytokines, we investigated the interactions between IL-7, MMP-9 and several other neutrophil-derived proteases. We demonstrated that MMP-9 efficiently cleaved human IL-7 in the exposed loop between the α-helices C and D and that this process is delayed by IL-7 N-linked glycosylation. Functionally, the proteolytic cleavage of IL-7 did not influence IL-7Rα binding and internalization nor the direct pro-proliferative effects of IL-7 on a T-ALL cell line (HPB-ALL) or in primary CD8+ human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comparable effect was observed for the neutrophil serine proteases neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and combinations of neutrophil proteases. Hence, glycosylation and disulfide bonding as two posttranslational modifications influence IL-7 bioavailability in the human species: glycosylation protects against proteolysis, whereas internal cysteine bridging under physiological redox state keeps the IL-7 conformations as active proteoforms. Finally, we showed that mouse IL-7 does not contain the protease-sensitive loop and, consequently, was not cleaved by MMP-9. With the latter finding we discovered differences in IL-7 biology between the human and mouse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa R Stas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Bernaerts
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Metzemaekers M, Cambier S, Blanter M, Vandooren J, de Carvalho AC, Malengier‐Devlies B, Vanderbeke L, Jacobs C, Coenen S, Martens E, Pörtner N, Vanbrabant L, Van Mol P, Van Herck Y, Van Aerde N, Hermans G, Gunst J, Borin A, Toledo N Pereira B, dos SP Gomes AB, Primon Muraro S, Fabiano de Souza G, S Farias A, Proenca‐Modena JL, R Vinolo MA, Marques PE, Wouters C, Wauters E, Struyf S, Matthys P, Opdenakker G, Marques RE, Wauters J, Gouwy M, Proost P. Kinetics of peripheral blood neutrophils in severe coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1271. [PMID: 33968405 PMCID: PMC8082714 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence of dysregulation of the myeloid cell compartment urges investigations on neutrophil characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We isolated neutrophils from the blood of COVID-19 patients receiving general ward care and from patients hospitalised at intensive care units (ICUs) to explore the kinetics of circulating neutrophils and factors important for neutrophil migration and activation. METHODS Multicolour flow cytometry was exploited for the analysis of neutrophil differentiation and activation markers. Multiplex and ELISA technologies were used for the quantification of protease, protease inhibitor, chemokine and cytokine concentrations in plasma. Neutrophil polarisation responses were evaluated microscopically. Gelatinolytic and metalloproteinase activity in plasma was determined using a fluorogenic substrate. Co-culturing healthy donor neutrophils with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) allowed us to investigate viral replication in neutrophils. RESULTS Upon ICU admission, patients displayed high plasma concentrations of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the chemokine CXCL8, accompanied by emergency myelopoiesis as illustrated by high levels of circulating CD10-, immature neutrophils with reduced CXCR2 and C5aR expression. Neutrophil elastase and non-metalloproteinase-derived gelatinolytic activity were increased in plasma from ICU patients. Significantly higher levels of circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in patients at ICU admission yielded decreased total MMP proteolytic activity in blood. COVID-19 neutrophils were hyper-responsive to CXCL8 and CXCL12 in shape change assays. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 failed to replicate inside human neutrophils. CONCLUSION Our study provides detailed insights into the kinetics of neutrophil phenotype and function in severe COVID-19 patients, and supports the concept of an increased neutrophil activation state in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marfa Blanter
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials ‐ CNPEMBrazilian Biosciences National LaboratoryCampinasLNBioBrazil
- Laboratory of ImmunoinflammationDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Bert Malengier‐Devlies
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lore Vanderbeke
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and MycologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Cato Jacobs
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory DisordersDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sofie Coenen
- Division of PediatricsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Pierre Van Mol
- Laboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Human GeneticsVIB‐KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- Laboratory of Experimental OncologyDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nathalie Van Aerde
- Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Greet Hermans
- Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Gunst
- Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alexandre Borin
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials ‐ CNPEMBrazilian Biosciences National LaboratoryCampinasLNBioBrazil
| | - Bruna Toledo N Pereira
- Laboratory of ImmunoinflammationDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Arilson Bernardo dos SP Gomes
- Laboratory of ImmunoinflammationDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory Emerging VirusesDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory Emerging VirusesDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC)University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - José Luiz Proenca‐Modena
- Laboratory Emerging VirusesDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC)University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Laboratory of ImmunoinflammationDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC)University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Division of Pediatric RheumatologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- European Reference Network for Rare ImmunodeficiencyAutoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE)Department of Chronic Diseases and MetabolismKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials ‐ CNPEMBrazilian Biosciences National LaboratoryCampinasLNBioBrazil
| | - Joost Wauters
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory DisordersDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Maenohara Y, Chijimatsu R, Tachibana N, Uehara K, Xuan F, Mori D, Murahashi Y, Nakamoto H, Oichi T, Chang SH, Matsumoto T, Omata Y, Yano F, Tanaka S, Saito T. Lubricin Contributes to Homeostasis of Articular Cartilage by Modulating Differentiation of Superficial Zone Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:792-802. [PMID: 33617044 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lubricin encoded by the proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) gene is produced from superficial zone (SFZ) cells of articular cartilage and synoviocytes, which is indispensable for lubrication of joint surfaces. Loss-of-function of human and mouse Prg4 results in early-onset arthropathy accompanied by lost SFZ cells and hyperplastic synovium. Here, we focused on increases in the thickness of articular cartilage in Prg4-knockout joints and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. In the late stage of articular cartilage development, the articular cartilage was thickened at 2 to 4 weeks and the SFZ disappeared at 8 weeks in Prg4-knockout mice. Similar changes were observed in cultured Prg4-knockout femoral heads. Cell tracking showed that Prg4-knockout SFZ cells at 1 week of age expanded to deep layers after 1 week. In in vitro experiments, overexpression of Prg4 lacking a mucin-like domain suppressed differentiation of ATDC5 cells markedly, whereas pellets of Prg4-knockout SFZ cells showed enhanced differentiation. RNA sequencing identified matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) as the top upregulated gene by Prg4 knockout. Mmp9 expressed in the SFZ was further induced in Prg4-knockout mice. The increased expression of Mmp9 by Prg4 knockout was canceled by IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor treatment. Phosphorylation of Smad2 was also enhanced in Prg4-knockout cell pellets, which was canceled by the IKK inhibitor. Expression of Mmp9 and phosphorylated Smad2 during articular cartilage development was enhanced in Prg4-knockout joints. Lubricin contributes to homeostasis of articular cartilage by suppressing differentiation of SFZ cells, and the nuclear factor-kappa B-Mmp9-TGF-β pathway is probably responsible for the downstream action of lubricin. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Uehara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fengjun Xuan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murahashi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oichi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Song Ho Chang
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsumoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Metzemaekers M, Abouelasrar Salama S, Vandooren J, Mortier A, Janssens R, Vandendriessche S, Ganseman E, Martens E, Gouwy M, Neerinckx B, Verschueren P, De Somer L, Wouters C, Struyf S, Opdenakker G, Van Damme J, Proost P. From ELISA to Immunosorbent Tandem Mass Spectrometry Proteoform Analysis: The Example of CXCL8/Interleukin-8. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644725. [PMID: 33777041 PMCID: PMC7991300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With ELISAs one detects the ensemble of immunoreactive molecules in biological samples. For biomolecules undergoing proteolysis for activation, potentiation or inhibition, other techniques are necessary to study biology. Here we develop methodology that combines immunosorbent sample preparation and nano-scale liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) for proteoform analysis (ISTAMPA) and apply this to the aglycosyl chemokine CXCL8. CXCL8, the most powerful human chemokine with neutrophil chemotactic and –activating properties, occurs in different NH2-terminal proteoforms due to its susceptibility to site-specific proteolytic modification. Specific proteoforms display up to 30-fold enhanced activity. The immunosorbent ion trap top-down mass spectrometry-based approach for proteoform analysis allows for simultaneous detection and quantification of full-length CXCL8(1-77), elongated CXCL8(-2-77) and all naturally occurring truncated CXCL8 forms in biological samples. For the first time we demonstrate site-specific proteolytic activation of CXCL8 in synovial fluids from patients with chronic joint inflammation and address the importance of sample collection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandendriessche
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Daseke MJ, Chalise U, Becirovic-Agic M, Salomon JD, Cook LM, Case AJ, Lindsey ML. Neutrophil signaling during myocardial infarction wound repair. Cell Signal 2021; 77:109816. [PMID: 33122000 PMCID: PMC7718402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune system, serving as a first line of defense in the response to injury and playing essential roles in the wound healing process. Following myocardial infarction (MI), neutrophils infiltrate into the infarct region to propagate inflammation and begin the initial phase of cardiac wound repair. Pro-inflammatory neutrophils release proteases to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), a necessary step for the removal of necrotic myocytes as a prelude for scar formation. Neutrophils transition their phenotype over time to regulate MI inflammation resolution and stabilize scar formation. Neutrophils contribute to the evolution from inflammation to resolution and scar formation by serving anti-inflammatory and repair functions. As anti-inflammatory cells, neutrophils contribute ECM proteins during scar formation, in particular fibronectin, galectin-3, and vimentin. The diverse and polarizing functions that contribute to MI wound repair make this innate immune cell a viable target to improve MI outcomes. Thus, understanding the signaling involved in neutrophil physiology in the context of MI may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Daseke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Salomon
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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16
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De Bondt M, Hellings N, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. Neutrophils: Underestimated Players in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4558. [PMID: 32604901 PMCID: PMC7349048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating and first-responding innate myeloid cells and have so far been underestimated in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the most frequent, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is treatable but not curable and its cause(s) and pathogenesis remain elusive. The involvement of neutrophils in MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the use of preclinical animal disease models, as well as on the basis of patient sample analysis. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms and functions by which neutrophils may contribute to the development and pathology of MS. Neutrophils display a broad variety of effector functions enabling disease pathogenesis, including (1) the release of inflammatory mediators and enzymes, such as interleukin-1β, myeloperoxidase and various proteinases, (2) destruction and phagocytosis of myelin (as debris), (3) release of neutrophil extracellular traps, (4) production of reactive oxygen species, (5) breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and (6) generation and presentation of autoantigens. An important question relates to the issue of whether neutrophils exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory function or are also implicated in the resolution of chronic inflammatory responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1044, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1008-1016. [PMID: 32504508 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200606225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and resistance training protocols produced a decrease in plasma levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and an increase of IL-10 plasma levels as a chronic effect. However, the acute-response of physical exercise appeared to be an initial increase in IL-6 expression and plasma IL-6 levels. Continuing with these exercise programs usually subsequently achieved a chronic response in which there was a decrease in both the basal levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and the IL-6 produced as acute responses. Regardless of the type of exercise performed, it seems that the exercise parameters, intensity, duration, subject variables, fitness, and level of inflammation are key factors in achieving the expected balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Trapero
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Bronchiectasis: A Concomitance or a Real Association? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072294. [PMID: 32235324 PMCID: PMC7178111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATd) is a hereditary disease, mainly characterized by early onset and the lower lobes' predominant emphysema. Bronchiectasis is characterized by dilatation of the bronchial wall and a clinical syndrome whose features are a cough, sputum production and frequent respiratory exacerbations. In the literature, there are many papers concerning these two clinical entities, but there is still a lot of debate about a possible association between them, in particular about the frequency of their association and causal links. The aim of this short communication is to show the literature reports about the association between AATd and bronchiectasis to establish the state of the art and possible future developments in this research field.
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Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Ramirez Ramirez HA, Kleinschmit DH, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary zinc source on the metabolic and immunological response to lipopolysaccharide in lactating Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11681-11700. [PMID: 31606208 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of replacing 40 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate (control; CON) with Zn AA complex (AvZn) on metabolism and immunological responses following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in lactating cows. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) pair-fed (PF) control (PF-CON; 5 mL of saline; n = 5), (2) PF AvZn (PF-AvZn; 5 mL of saline; n = 5), (3) LPS euglycemic clamp control (LPS-CON; 0.375 μg of LPS/kg of BW; n = 5), and (4) LPS euglycemic clamp AvZn (LPS-AvZn; 0.375 μg of LPS/kg of BW; n = 5). Cows were enrolled in 3 experimental periods (P). During period 1 (3 d), cows received their respective dietary treatments and baseline data were obtained. During period 2 (P2; 2 d), a 12-h LPS euglycemic clamp was conducted or cows were PF to their respective dietary counterparts. During period 3 (P3; 3 d), cows received their dietary treatment and consumed feed ad libitum. Mild hyperthermia (1°C) was observed in LPS cows at 3 h postbolus. Throughout P2, the rectal temperature of LPS-AvZn cows was decreased (0.3°C) relative to LPS-CON cows. Administrating LPS decreased dry matter intake (47%) during P2, and by experimental design the pattern was similar in PF cohorts. During P3, dry matter intake from LPS cows remained decreased (15%) relative to PF cows. Milk yield from LPS cows decreased (54%) during P2 relative to PF cows, but it was similar during P3. During P2, somatic cell count increased 3-fold in LPS cows relative to PF controls. Dietary AvZn tended to decrease somatic cell count (70%) during P3 relative to LPS-CON cows. Insulin increased 7-fold in LPS cows at 12 h postbolus and remained increased (4-fold) for the duration of P2. Circulating glucagon from LPS cows increased (65%) during P2, and supplementing AvZn blunted the increase (30% relative to LPS-CON). During P2, circulating cortisol increased 7-fold post-LPS infusion relative to PF cows, and supplementing AvZn decreased cortisol (58%) from 6 to 48 h postbolus relative to LPS-CON cows. Administrating LPS increased circulating LPS-binding protein and serum amyloid A (3- and 9-fold, respectively) relative to PF cows. Compared with LPS-CON, LPS-AvZn cows had increased circulating serum amyloid A (38%) 24 h postbolus. The 12-h total glucose deficit was 36 and 1,606 g for the PF and LPS treatments, respectively, but was not influenced by Zn source. In summary, replacing a portion of the Zn sulfate with Zn AA complex appeared to reduce the inflammatory response but had no effect on the glucose deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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20
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Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 and other neutrophil proteases switch off interleukin-2 activity. Biochem J 2019; 476:2191-2208. [PMID: 31262730 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is critical for T cell development and homeostasis, being a key regulator of adaptive immune responses in autoimmunity, hypersensitivity reactions and cancer. Therefore, its abundance in serum and peripheral tissues needs tight control. Here, we described a new mechanism contributing to the immunobiology of IL-2. We demonstrated, both in biochemical and cell-based assays, that IL-2 is subject to proteolytic processing by neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). IL-2 fragments produced after cleavage by MMP-9 remained linked by a disulfide bond and displayed a reduced affinity for all IL-2 receptor subunits and a distinct pattern and timing of signal transduction. Stimulation of IL-2-dependent cells, including murine CTLL-2 and primary human regulatory T cells, with cleaved IL-2 resulted in significantly decreased proliferation. The concerted action of neutrophil proteases destroyed IL-2. Our data suggest that in neutrophil-rich inflammatory conditions in vivo, neutrophil MMP-9 may reduce the abundance of signaling-competent IL-2 and generate a fragment that competes with IL-2 for receptor binding, whereas the combined activity of granulocyte proteases has the potential to degrade and thus eliminate bioavailable IL-2.
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21
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Limitations of neutrophil depletion by anti-Ly6G antibodies in two heterogenic immunological models. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nisson PL, James WS, Gaub MB, Borgstrom M, Weinand M, Anton R. Peripheral white blood cell count as a screening tool for ventriculostomy-related infections. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 67:52-58. [PMID: 31266718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common complications following external ventricular drain (EVD) placement is infection. Routine cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are often used to screen for infection, however several days may pass before infection is discovered. In this study, we compared the predictive value of daily recorded vital sign parameters and peripheral white blood count (WBC) in identifying ventriculostomy-related infections. Patients with EVDs who had CSF cultures for microorganisms performed between January 2011 and July 2017 were assigned to either an infected and/or uninfected study group. Clinical parameters were then compared using t-test, chi squared and multiple logistic regression analyses. Patients of any age and gender were included. One hundred seventy uninfected and 10 infected subjects were included in the study. Nine of the 10 infected patients had an elevated WBC (>10.4 × 103/μL), with a significantly greater WBC (15.9 × 103/μL) than the uninfected group (10.4 × 103/μL) (p-value ≤ 0.0001). Using logistic regression, we found no association between patient vital signs and CSF infection except for WBC (p = .003). As a diagnostic marker for CSF infection, the sensitivity and specificity of WBC elevation greater than 15 × 103/μL was 70% (7/10) and 90.2% (147/163), respectively. This study serves as a 'proof of concept' that WBC could be useful as potential screening tool for early detection of CSF infection post-EVD placement. Future investigation using a large, multicenter prospective study is needed to further assess the applicability of this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton L Nisson
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai, Beverly Hills, CA, United States.
| | | | - Michael B Gaub
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Mark Borgstrom
- University Information Technology Services, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Martin Weinand
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Rein Anton
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim CS. Effects of 12-week combined exercise on RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling and bone-resorption cytokines in healthy college females. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:13-20. [PMID: 31010270 PMCID: PMC6477823 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling is a new family of bone metabolism biomarkers belonging to the immune system. However, the bone metabolism response to long-term exercise in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling is less evident. The purpose of this study was to examine these biomarkers in healthy college females after 12-weeks combined exercise intervention. [Methods] Participants (N=22, 22.4±1.3yrs) were randomly divided in two different group: 12 in the control group and 10 in the exercise group performing combined exercise program that interventions was conducted 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures included serum concentrations of RANKL, OPG and bone metabolic cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and mRNA expressions of same variables from PBMC. VO2max and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at before and after exercise intervention. [Results] There were no significant differences in the serum RANKL, OPG concentrations and all RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling mRNA expression on interaction effect between group and time (NS). Also no significant differences were found in the serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and mRNA expression (NS). The IL-6 mRNA expression only showed significant difference in the main effect of groups (p<.05). There were also no significant differences in the VO2max and BMD on interaction effect between group and time (NS). [Conclusion] These results suggested that there were no effects on bone mineral density and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling without the effect of 8-weeks combined exercise on cardiovascular endurance fitness.
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Macêdo Santiago LÂ, Neto LGL, Borges Pereira G, Leite RD, Mostarda CT, de Oliveira Brito Monzani J, Sousa WR, Rodrigues Pinheiro AJM, Navarro F. Effects of Resistance Training on Immunoinflammatory Response, TNF-Alpha Gene Expression, and Body Composition in Elderly Women. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:1467025. [PMID: 30510801 PMCID: PMC6230406 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1467025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training on the immunologic response, body composition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression obtained from blood leukocytes, and the cytokines interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP), in the elderly women (mean age 63 ± 2 y). A randomized controlled trial was performed using a bi-set training method for eight weeks in nineteen elderly women. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncture in pretraining (Pre) and posttraining (Post) moments. In the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant decrease from 38.43 ± 9.48 pg/mL to 11.76 ± 5.19 pg/mL (p=0.01) in the serum levels of interleukin-6. Considering serum levels of TNF-alpha, there was a statistically significant difference, comparing the resistance training group at Pre (66.27 ± 10.31 pg/mL) and Post (37.85 ± 9.05 pg/mL) moments (p=0.01). In molecular analysis of TNF-alpha gene expression, there was a statistically significant decrease (p=0.007) between Pre (0.010 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and Post (0.0002 ± 0.0001 ng/ml) moments. Among CRP data, in the resistance training group, there was a statistically significant reduction, between Pre (2.04 ± 0.32 mg/L) and Post (0.90 ± 0.22 mg/L) moments (p=0.001). In the Control group, there was no statistical significance between these two moments. Therefore, the resistance training demonstrated changes in the TNF-alpha gene expression in elderly women, as well as decreased serum levels of interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP. Such conditions may be related to immune modulation and anti-inflammatory effects, since resistance training releases cytokines, especially interleukin-6, which acts as a TNF-alpha antagonist during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lídio Gonçalves Lima Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology of Respiratory Infections, LAMIR, Universidade CEUMA, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education at the Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Navarro
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
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Horst E, Kvidera S, Mayorga E, Shouse C, Al-Qaisi M, Dickson M, Ydstie J, Ramirez Ramirez H, Keating A, Dickson D, Griswold K, Baumgard L. Effect of chromium on bioenergetics and leukocyte dynamics following immunoactivation in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5515-5530. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Janciauskiene S, Wrenger S, Immenschuh S, Olejnicka B, Greulich T, Welte T, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. The Multifaceted Effects of Alpha1-Antitrypsin on Neutrophil Functions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:341. [PMID: 29719508 PMCID: PMC5914301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the predominant immune cells in human blood possessing heterogeneity, plasticity and functional diversity. The activation and recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed tissue in response to stimuli are tightly regulated processes. Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT), an acute phase protein, is one of the potent regulators of neutrophil activation via both -protease inhibitory and non-inhibitory functions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the effects of AAT on neutrophils, illustrating the interplay between AAT and the key effector functions of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beata Olejnicka
- Department of Medicine, Trelleborg Hospital, Trelleborg, Sweden
| | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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Vandooren J, Swinnen W, Ugarte-Berzal E, Boon L, Dorst D, Martens E, Opdenakker G. Endotoxemia shifts neutrophils with TIMP-free gelatinase B/MMP-9 from bone marrow to the periphery and induces systematic upregulation of TIMP-1. Haematologica 2017; 102:1671-1682. [PMID: 28775117 PMCID: PMC5622851 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.168799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides or endotoxins elicit an excessive host inflammatory response and lead to life-threatening conditions such as endotoxemia and septic shock. Lipopolysaccharides trigger mobilization and stimulation of leukocytes and exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory molecules including cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) or gelatinase B, a protease stored in the tertiary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, has been implicated in such inflammatory reactions. Moreover, several studies even pinpointed MMP-9 as a potential target molecule to counter excessive inflammation in endotoxemia. Whereas the early effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo on the expression of MMP-9 in various peripheral organs has been described, the effects on the bone marrow and during late stage endotoxemia remain elusive. We demonstrate that TIMP-free MMP-9 is a major factor in bone marrow physiology and pathology. By using a mouse model for late-stage endotoxemia, we show that lipopolysaccharides elicited a depletion of neutrophil MMP-9 in the bone marrow and a shift of MMP-9 and MMP-9-containing cells towards peripheral organs, a pattern which was primarily associated with a relocation of CD11bhighGr-1high cells. In contrast, analysis of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases was in line with a natural, systematic upregulation of TIMP-1, the main tissue inhibitor of TIMP-free MMP-9, and a general shift toward control of matrix metalloproteinase activity by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes Swinnen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Boon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Dorst
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Wang X, Lin G, Cui G, Zhou X, Liu GL. White blood cell counting on smartphone paper electrochemical sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:549-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Colella MP, Santana BA, Conran N, Tomazini V, Costa FF, Calado RT, Saad STO. Telomere length correlates with disease severity and inflammation in sickle cell disease. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2017; 39:140-145. [PMID: 28577651 PMCID: PMC5457472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telomeres, the ends of linear chromosomes, shorten during mitotic cell division and erosion may be aggravated by inflammation or proliferative and oxidative stress. As the bone marrow is under hyperproliferative pressure in sickle cell disease and several tissues are submitted to chronic inflammation, this study sought to determine the telomere length of patients with sickle cell disease. Methods The mean telomere length was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The age-adjusted telomere to single copy gene ratio was compared between 91 adult sickle cell disease patients and 188 controls. Results Sickle cell disease patients had significantly shorter telomeres than the controls (p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, among sickle cell disease genotypes, Hb SS patients had significantly shorter telomeres compared to Hb SC and Hb Sβ patients (p-value < 0.0001). Patients on hydroxyurea also had shorter telomeres in comparison to those off the drug (p-value = 0.02). A positive correlation was observed between telomere length and hemoglobin level (r = 0.3; p-value = 0.004), whereas negative correlations were detected between telomere length and lymphocyte count (r = −0.3; p-value = 0.005) and interleukin-8 serum levels (r = −0.4; p-value = 0.02). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that telomeres are short in sickle cell disease patients and that telomere erosion directly correlates with disease genotype, inflammation markers, and the use of hydroxyurea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara A Santana
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Hemocentro (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Tomazini
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Hemocentro (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Hemocentro (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Hemocentro (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Stem Bark of Sonapatha Oroxylum indicum In Vivo. Int J Inflam 2016; 2016:8247014. [PMID: 26925290 PMCID: PMC4746378 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8247014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is all a pervasive phenomenon, which is elicited by the body in response to obnoxious stimuli as a protective measure. However, sustained inflammation leads to several diseases including cancer. Therefore it is necessary to neutralize inflammation. Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum), a medicinal plant, is traditionally used as a medicine in Ayurveda and other folk systems of medicine. It is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Despite this fact its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are not evaluated scientifically. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum) were studied in Swiss albino mice by different methods. The hot plate, acetic acid, and tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the analgesic activity whereas xylene-induced ear edema and formalin induced paw edema tests were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Sonapatha. The administration of mice with 250 and 300 mg/kg b.wt. of O. indicum reduced pain and inflammation indicating that Sonapatha possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were observed in mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.wt. of O. indicum ethanol extract. Our study indicates that O. indicum possesses both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and it may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in the inflammation related disorders.
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Immature myeloid Gr-1+ CD11b+ cells from lipopolysaccharide-immunosuppressed mice acquire inhibitory activity in the bone marrow and migrate to lymph nodes to exert their suppressive function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:259-71. [PMID: 26582821 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary infections due to post-sepsis immunosuppression are a major cause of death in patients with sepsis. Repetitive inoculation of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice mimics the immunosuppression associated with sepsis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs, Gr-1(+) CD11b(+)) are considered a major component of the immunosuppressive network, interfering with T-cell responses in many pathological conditions. We used LPS-immunosuppressed (IS) mice to address whether MDSCs acquired their suppressive ability in the bone marrow (BM) and whether they could migrate to lymph nodes (LNs) to exert their suppressive function. Our results showed that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells of IS mice already had the potential to inhibit T-cell proliferation in the BM. Moreover, soluble factors present in the BM from IS mice were responsible for inducing this inhibitory ability in control BM cells. In addition, migration of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) to LNs in vivo was maximal when cells obtained from the BM of IS mice were inoculated into an IS context. In this regard, we found chemoattractant activity in cell-free LN extracts (LNEs) from IS mice and an increased expression of the LN-homing chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) in IS BM Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells. These results indicate that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells found in BM from IS mice acquire their suppressive activity in the same niche where they are generated, and migrate to LNs to exert their inhibitory role. A better understanding of MDSC generation and/or regulation of factors able to induce their inhibitory function may provide new and more effective tools for the treatment of sepsis-associated immunosuppression.
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Kobuch J, Cui H, Grünwald B, Saftig P, Knolle PA, Krüger A. TIMP-1 signaling via CD63 triggers granulopoiesis and neutrophilia in mice. Haematologica 2015; 100:1005-13. [PMID: 26001794 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of neutrophil granulocytes can affect the outcome of several inflammation-associated diseases including cancer. The regulation of this homeostasis is still not completely understood. We previously found that elevated systemic levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) induce an increase of neutrophils in the liver, which in turn strongly promotes liver metastasis. Here, we report that increasing systemic TIMP-1 levels were sufficient to induce neutrophilia in mice. This was not attributed to prolonged survival or direct mobilization of neutrophils. However, TIMP-1 induced enrichment of myeloid progenitors and concomitant upregulation of granulopoiesis-associated genes in the bone marrow compartment. BrdU pulse-labeling confirmed that proliferating progenitors accounted for TIMP-1-induced neutrophilia. TIMP-1 variants that dissect its protease-inhibitory from its CD63 binding function relevant for cell signaling revealed that the TIMP-1 signaling domain was necessary and sufficient to augment granulopoiesis. Consequently, ablation of the TIMP-1 receptor CD63 abolished both neutrophilia and TIMP-1-enhanced granulopoiesis in the bone marrow. Our findings reveal that elevated levels of TIMP-1 impact on neutrophil homeostasis via signaling through CD63. This may provide a link to clinical observations, where TIMP-1 correlates with high severity and bad prognosis in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kobuch
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Haissi Cui
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Barbara Grünwald
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Therapy with plasma purified alpha1-antitrypsin (Prolastin®) induces time-dependent changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117497. [PMID: 25635861 PMCID: PMC4311911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common Z mutation (Glu342Lys) of α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) results in the polymerization and intracellular retention of A1AT protein. The concomitant deficiency of functional A1AT predisposes PiZZ subjects to early onset emphysema. Clinical studies have implied that, among the biomarkers associated with emphysema, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is of particular importance. Increased plasma MMP-9 levels are proposed to predict the decline of lung function as well as greater COPD exacerbations in A1AT deficiency-associated emphysema. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of A1AT therapy (Prolastin) on plasma MMP-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. In total 34 PiZZ emphysema patients were recruited: 12 patients without and 22 with weekly intravenous (60 mg/kg body weight) A1AT therapy. The quantitative analysis of A1AT, MMP-9 and MPO was performed in serum and in supernatants of blood neutrophils isolated from patients before and after therapy. Patients with Prolastin therapy showed significantly lower serum MMP-9 and MPO levels than those without therapy. However, parallel analysis revealed that a rapid infusion of Prolastin is accompanied by a transient elevation of plasma MMP-9 and MPO levels. Experiments with freshly isolated blood neutrophils confirmed that therapy with Prolastin causes transient MMP-9 and MPO release. Prolastin induced the rapid release of MMP-9 and MPO when added directly to neutrophil cultures and this reaction was associated with the presence of IgA in A1AT preparation. Our data support the conclusion that changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO mirror the effect of Prolastin on blood neutrophils.
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Rutar M, Natoli R, Chia RX, Valter K, Provis JM. Chemokine-mediated inflammation in the degenerating retina is coordinated by Müller cells, activated microglia, and retinal pigment epithelium. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:8. [PMID: 25595590 PMCID: PMC4308937 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte infiltration is involved in the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative conditions. This process traditionally depends on local expression of chemokines, though the roles of many of these in the degenerating retina are unclear. Here, we investigate expression and in situ localization of the broad chemokine response in a light-induced model of retinal degeneration. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 1,000 lux light damage (LD) for up to 24 hrs. At time points during (1 to 24 hrs) and following (3 and 7 days) exposure, animals were euthanized and retinas processed. Microarray analysis assessed differential expression of chemokines. Some genes were further investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization and contrasted with photoreceptor apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Recruitment of retinal CD45 (+) leukocytes was determined via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and expression of chemokine receptors determined using PCR. RESULTS Exposure to 24 hrs of LD resulted in differential expression of chemokines including Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl7, Cxcl1, and Cxcl10. Their upregulation correlated strongly with peak photoreceptor death, at 24 hrs exposure. In situ hybridization revealed that the modulated chemokines were expressed by a combination of Müller cells, activated microglia, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This preceded large increases in the number of CD45(+) cells at 3- and 7-days post exposure, which expressed a corresponding repertoire of chemokine receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that retinal degeneration induces upregulation of a broad chemokine response whose expression is coordinated by Müller cells, microglia, and RPE. The findings inform our understanding of the processes govern the trafficking of leukocytes, which are contributors in the pathology of retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Rutar
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - R X Chia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Krisztina Valter
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jan M Provis
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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A genome-wide association study for canine cryptorchidism in Siberian Huskies. J Anim Breed Genet 2013; 131:202-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition attenuates acute lung injury in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77706. [PMID: 24204926 PMCID: PMC3808422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling is terminated by enzymatic hydrolysis, a process that, for 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is mediated by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). The piperidine carbamate, 4-nitrophenyl- 4-(dibenzo[d] [1,3]dioxol-5-yl (hydroxy) methyl) piperidine- 1-carboxylate (JZL184), is a drug that inhibits MAGL and presents high potency and selectivity. Thus, JZL184 increases the levels of 2-AG, an endocannabinoid that acts on the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Here, we investigated the effects of MAGL inhibition, with a single dose (16 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) of JZL184, in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute lung injury (ALI) 6, 24 and 48 hours after the inflammatory insult. Treatment with JZL184 decreased the leukocyte migration into the lungs as well as the vascular permeability measured through the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and histological analysis. JZL184 also reduced the cytokine and chemokine levels in the BAL and adhesion molecule expression in the blood and BAL. The CB1 and CB2 receptors were considered involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of JZL184 because the AM281 selective CB1 receptor antagonist (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-4-morpholinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) and the AM630 selective CB2 receptor antagonist ([6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)-methanone) blocked the anti-inflammatory effects previously described for JZL184. It was concluded that MAGL inhibition, and consequently the increase in 2-AG levels, produced anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of LPS-induced ALI, a finding that was considered a consequence of the activation of the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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Chou YS, Gau JP, Yu YB, Pai JT, Hsiao LT, Liu JH, Hong YC, Liu CY, Yang CF, Chen PM, Chiou TJ, Tzeng CH. Leukocytosis in polycythemia vera and splenomegaly in essential thrombocythemia are independent risk factors for hemorrhage. Eur J Haematol 2013; 90:228-36. [PMID: 23281576 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes are favorable for patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and for patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). However, hemorrhage is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in those patients. METHODS We retrospectively recruited 247 patients who had received a diagnosis of PV (n = 101) or ET (n = 146) during the period 2001-2010. RESULTS After a median follow-up period of 36.2 months, the cumulative incidence of hemorrhage was 39.6% in patients with PV (6.2% per person-year) and 29.7% in patients with ET (5.9% person-years). Episodes of major bleeding occurred in 9.9% of patients with PV and in 14.4% of patients with ET. Overall survival was significantly shorter among patients with hemorrhage than among those without said complication (P < 0.001 for overall patients; P = 0.002 for patients with PV; P = 0.026 for patients with ET). In the univariate analysis, age ≥ 60 yr (OR: 4.77, P = 0.046) and WBC ≥ 16 × 10(9) /L (OR: 4.15, P = 0.010) were predictors of hemorrhage in patients with PV, and age ≥ 60 yr (OR: 3.25, P = 0.040), WBC ≥ 16 × 10(9) /L (OR: 2.89, P = 0.024), albumin <4.0 g/dL (OR: 4.10, P = 0.002), and splenomegaly (OR: 5.19, P = 0.002) were predictors of hemorrhage in patients with ET. Multivariate analysis showed that WBC ≥ 16 × 10(9) /L was the only significant risk factor for hemorrhage in patients with PV (OR: 3.51, P = 0.026) and that splenomegaly was the only risk factor for hemorrhage in patients with ET (OR: 3.00, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION Leukocytosis in PV and splenomegaly in ET are independent risk factors for hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Variations in hemocyte counts in the mussel, Mytilus edulis: Similar reaction patterns occur in disappearance and return of molluscan hemocytes and vertebrate leukocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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De Vooght V, Smulders S, Haenen S, Belmans J, Opdenakker G, Verbeken E, Nemery B, Hoet PHM, Vanoirbeek JAJ. Neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes as key players in a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:406-18. [PMID: 23091170 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diisocyanates are an important cause of chemical-induced occupational asthma. This type of immunologically mediated asthma is often characterized by a predominant granulocytic inflammation in the airways, rather than an infiltration by lymphocytes. We sought to determine the contribution of granulocytes in the outcome of chemical-induced asthma using general and specific leukocyte depletion strategies in an established mouse model of isocyanate asthma. On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice received dermal applications with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) or vehicle (acetone olive oil), followed by two ip injections of cyclophosphamide (CP, days 11 and 13), or one iv injection of antigranulocyte receptor 1 (aGR1, day 13) monoclonal antibody (mAb), or two ip injections of Ly6G-specific mAb (1A8, days 13 and 14). On day 15, the mice were challenged (oropharyngeal administration) with TDI or vehicle. The next day, we assessed methacholine airway hyperreactivity (AHR); bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell count; histopathology and total serum IgE; and auricular lymphocyte subpopulations and release of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and gamma interferon by these lymphocytes. CP depleted all leukocyte types and completely prevented AHR and airway inflammation. aGR1 depleted granulocytes and CD8(+) lymphocytes, which resulted in a partial prevention in AHR but no decrease in airway inflammation. Depletion of Ly6G-positive granulocytes, i.e., both neutrophils and eosinophils, prevented AHR and lung epithelial damage and significantly reduced airway inflammation. Injection of aGR1 or 1A8 led to significantly changed cytokine release patterns in TDI-treated mice. Granulocytes, both neutrophils and eosinophils, are key cellular players in this model of chemical-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Vooght
- Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Mailbox 706, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Honibald EN, Mathew S, Padmanaban J, Sundaram E, Ramamoorthy RD. Perioceutics: Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as an adjunctive therapy for inflammatory periodontal disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:S417-21. [PMID: 23066302 PMCID: PMC3467883 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a group of more than 20 zinc-dependent enzymes that are crucial in the degradation of the main components in the extracellular matrix, and thereby play important roles in cell migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. MMPs have outgrown the field of extracellular matrix biology and have progressed toward being important regulatory molecules in inflammation, and hence are key components in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This rise in status has led to the development of MMP inhibitors which can act as switches or delicate tuners in acute and chronic inflammation and the regenerative phase after inflammation. The new challenge in MMP research is to better understand the complex role these enzymes play in periodontal disease and to design inhibitors that are successful in the clinic. Perioceutics or the use of the pharmacological agents specifically developed to manage periodontitis is an interesting and emerging aid in the management of periodontal diseases along with mechanical debridement. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to MMPs and their inhibitors, the pathologic effects of a disturbance in the functions of enzyme cascades in balance with natural inhibitors, and highlight on the adjunctive use of MMP inhibitors in periodontal therapy and some of the current challenges with an overview of what has been achieved till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nalini Honibald
- Department of Periodontics, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, KSR Kalvi Nagar, Thokkavadi (PO), Tiruchengode,Namakkal (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India
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VEGF-A recruits a proangiogenic MMP-9-delivering neutrophil subset that induces angiogenesis in transplanted hypoxic tissue. Blood 2012; 120:4653-62. [PMID: 22966168 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-421040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment and retention of leukocytes at a site of blood vessel growth are crucial for proper angiogenesis and subsequent tissue perfusion. Although critical for many aspects of regenerative medicine, the mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to and actions at sites of angiogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the signals attracting leukocytes to avascular transplanted pancreatic islets and leukocyte actions at the engraftment site. Expression of the angiogenic stimulus VEGF-A by mouse pancreatic islets was elevated shortly after syngeneic transplantation to muscle. High levels of leukocytes, predominantly CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+)/CXCR4(hi) neutrophils, were observed at the site of engraftment, whereas VEGF-A-deficient islets recruited only half of the amount of leukocytes when transplanted. Acute VEGF-A exposure of muscle increased leukocyte extravasation but not the levels of SDF-1α. VEGF-A-recruited neutrophils expressed 10 times higher amounts of MMP-9 than neutrophils recruited to an inflammatory stimulus. Revascularization of islets transplanted to MMP-9-deficient mice was impaired because blood vessels initially failed to penetrate grafts, and after 2 weeks vascularity was still disturbed. This study demonstrates that VEGF-A recruits a proangiogenic circulating subset of CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+) neutrophils that are CXCR4(hi) and deliver large amounts of the effector protein MMP-9, required for islet revascularization and functional integration after transplantation.
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Day RB, Link DC. Regulation of neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1415-23. [PMID: 22045556 PMCID: PMC11114822 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response and a major contributor to inflammation. Consequently, neutrophil homeostasis in the blood is highly regulated. Neutrophil number in the blood is determined by the balance between neutrophil production in the bone marrow and release from the bone marrow to blood with neutrophil clearance from the circulation. This review will focus on mechanisms regulating neutrophil release from the bone marrow. In particular, recent data demonstrating a central role for the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL2 in regulating neutrophil egress from the bone marrow will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, Saint Louis, 63110 MO USA
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, Saint Louis, 63110 MO USA
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Myeloproliferation and hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction due to defective Notch receptor modification by O-fucose glycans. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:455-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Vlahos R, Wark PAB, Anderson GP, Bozinovski S. Glucocorticosteroids differentially regulate MMP-9 and neutrophil elastase in COPD. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33277. [PMID: 22413009 PMCID: PMC3296684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Neutrophilic inflammation is prominent, worsened during infective exacerbations and is refractory to glucocorticosteroids (GCs). Deregulated neutrophilic inflammation can cause excessive matrix degradation through proteinase release. Gelatinase and azurophilic granules within neutrophils are a major source of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and neutrophil elastase (NE), respectively, which are elevated in COPD. METHODS Secreted MMP-9 and NE activity in BALF were stratified according to GOLD severity stages. The regulation of secreted NE and MMP-9 in isolated blood neutrophils was investigated using a pharmacological approach. In vivo release of MMP-9 and NE in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and/or the TLR agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of dexamethasone (Dex) was investigated. RESULTS Neutrophil activation as assessed by NE release was increased in severe COPD (36-fold, GOLD II vs. IV). MMP-9 levels (8-fold) and activity (21-fold) were also elevated in severe COPD, and this activity was strongly associated with BALF neutrophils (r = 0.92, p<0.001), but not macrophages (r = 0.48, p = 0.13). In vitro, release of NE and MMP-9 from fMLP stimulated blood neutrophils was insensitive to Dex and attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. In vivo, GC resistant neutrophil activation (NE release) was only seen in mice exposed to CS and LPS. In addition, GC refractory MMP-9 expression was only associated with neutrophil activation. CONCLUSIONS As neutrophils become activated with increasing COPD severity, they become an important source of NE and MMP-9 activity, which secrete proteinases independently of TIMPs. Furthermore, as NE and MMP-9 release was resistant to GC, targeting of the PI3K pathway may offer an alternative pathway to combating this proteinase imbalance in severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Respiratory Medicine HMRI, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary P. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang S, Condac E, Qiu H, Jiang J, Gutierrez-Sanchez G, Bergmann C, Handel T, Wang L. Heparin-induced leukocytosis requires 6-O-sulfation and is caused by blockade of selectin- and CXCL12 protein-mediated leukocyte trafficking in mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5542-53. [PMID: 22194593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytosis refers to an increase in leukocyte count above the normal range in the blood and is a common laboratory finding in patients. In many cases, the mechanisms underlying leukocytosis are not known. In this study, we examined the effects, the structural determinants, and the underlying mechanisms of heparin-induced leukocytosis, a side effect occurring in 0.44% of patients receiving heparin. We observed that heparin induced both lymphocytosis and neutrophilia, and the effects required heparin to be 6-O-sulfated but did not require its anticoagulant activity. Cell mobilization studies revealed that the lymphocytosis was attributable to a combination of blockage of lymphocyte homing and the release of thymocytes from the thymus, whereas the neutrophilia was caused primarily by neutrophil release from the bone marrow and demargination in the vasculature. Mechanistic studies revealed that heparin inhibits L- and P-selectin, as well as the chemokine CXCL12, leading to leukocytosis. Heparin is known to require 6-O-sulfate to inhibit L- and P-selectin function, and in this study we observed that 6-O-sulfate is required for its interaction with CXCL12. We conclude that heparin-induced leukocytosis requires glucosamine 6-O-sulfation and is caused by blockade of L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and CXCL12-mediated leukocyte trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Renwrantz L, Spielvogel F. Heart rate and hemocyte number as stress indicators in disturbed hibernating vineyard snails, Helix pomatia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:467-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Almeida CB, Favero ME, Pereira-Cunha FG, Lorand-Metze I, Saad STO, Costa FF, Conran N. Alterations in cell maturity and serum survival factors may modulate neutrophil numbers in sickle cell disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1239-46. [PMID: 21998130 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes are known to exacerbate inflammatory and vaso-occlusive processes in sickle cell disease (SCD). The aim of this study was to determine whether alterations in neutrophil maturity and/or cell-death modulating factors in the circulation contribute to the increased leukocyte counts and leukocyte survival observed in SCD. The maturity of circulating neutrophils from healthy control individuals (CON), SCD and SCD patients on hydroxyurea therapy (SCDHU) was determined immunophenotypically. Serum factors affecting neutrophil apoptosis (determined by annexin V-binding) were analyzed by culturing control neutrophils (CON neutrophils) with pooled serum from CON, SCD and SCDHU individuals. Immunophenotypic characterization of neutrophils suggested a slight, but significant, increase in the circulation of immature neutrophils in SCD. While SCD neutrophils cultured in the presence of CON serum presented delayed apoptosis, unexpectedly, the culture of CON neutrophils with SCD serum significantly augmented apoptosis and caspase-9 activity. Inhibition of the activity of serum interleukin-8, a neutrophil-apoptosis-inhibiting cytokine, significantly increased SCD serum-induced CON neutrophil apoptosis, indicating that SCD serum may have both apoptotic and antiapoptotic properties. The decreased maturity of SCD neutrophils observed is suggestive of an accelerated immigration of leukocytes from the bone marrow to the circulating pool that may contribute to an increase in cell survival, subject to modulation by a complex balance of both anti- and proapoptotic factors contained in the circulation of SCD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bononi Almeida
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
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On the dual roles and polarized phenotypes of neutrophils in tumor development and progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 82:296-309. [PMID: 21798756 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inconsistencies plague our understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer and the literature provides evidence for a duality in neutrophil activity on the outcome of cancer. Here, the different effects of neutrophils during the multiple subprocesses of cancer development and progression are overviewed, in order to gain insight into the features of both antitumoral and protumoral tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN). Neutrophils can counteract the progression of malignancies through tumor cytotoxicity, tumor rejection and enhancement of antitumoral immune memory. These cells have recently been phenotypically denominated N1 neutrophils. Recent studies indicate that cytokines, such as TGF-β and IFN-β, are involved in directing neutrophil polarization by the tumor microenvironment. With the opposite polarity, N2 neutrophils may be detrimental for the host and beneficial for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, e.g. through proteolysis of extracellullar matrix components, promotion of angiogenesis and mediation of immunosuppression.
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De Vooght V, Haenen S, Verbeken E, Nemery B, Hoet PHM, Vanoirbeek JAJ. Successful transfer of chemical-induced asthma by adoptive transfer of low amounts of lymphocytes in a mouse model. Toxicology 2010; 279:85-90. [PMID: 20888385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We optimized an adoptive transfer protocol in our mouse model of TDI-induced asthma in order to investigate the mechanisms of this type of occupational asthma. METHODS On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice were dermally sensitized with 0.3% TDI or vehicle (acetone/olive oil), and on day 15, they were sacrificed and a cell suspension was made from auricular lymph nodes. First, 0.1 x 10⁶, 0.5 x 10⁶, 1 x 10⁶ or 5 x 10⁶ cells were injected intravenously into naïve mice and three days later these mice received an oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI or vehicle. Second, mice were challenged with 0.01% TDI 1, 3, 5 or 7 days after transferring 0.5 x 10⁶ cells. The following endpoints were measured one day after challenge: methacholine reactivity; differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and total serum IgE. RESULTS Naïve mice receiving 0.5 x 10⁶, 1 x 10⁶ or 5 x 10⁶ cells showed significant increases in airway reactivity one day after TDI challenge; BAL neutrophils were increased after transferring 0.5 x 10⁶ and 1 x 10⁶ cells. A TDI challenge 3 days after transferring 0.5 x 10⁶ cells gave a 3-fold increase in airway resistance and a pronounced airway inflammation, whereas challenging at other time points gave no differences. CONCLUSION We were able to passively sensitize naïve mice using lymph node cells from TDI-sensitized mice, resulting in an asthma-like response after an airway challenge. In comparison to other adoptive transfer protocols we used substantially lower number of cells to obtain the desired response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Vooght
- Research Unit of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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