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Wilson JB, Epstein M, Lopez B, Brown AK, Lutfy K, Friedman TC. The role of Neurochemicals, Stress Hormones and Immune System in the Positive Feedback Loops between Diabetes, Obesity and Depression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224612. [PMID: 37664841 PMCID: PMC10470111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are significant public health and socioeconomic issues. They commonly co-occur, with T2DM occurring in 11.3% of the US population, while depression has a prevalence of about 9%, with higher rates among youths. Approximately 31% of patients with T2DM suffer from depressive symptoms, with 11.4% having major depressive disorders, which is twice as high as the prevalence of depression in patients without T2DM. Additionally, over 80% of people with T2DM are overweight or obese. This review describes how T2DM and depression can enhance one another, using the same molecular pathways, by synergistically altering the brain's structure and function and reducing the reward obtained from eating. In this article, we reviewed the evidence that eating, especially high-caloric foods, stimulates the limbic system, initiating Reward Deficiency Syndrome. Analogous to other addictive behaviors, neurochemical changes in those with depression and/or T2DM are thought to cause individuals to increase their food intake to obtain the same reward leading to binge eating, weight gain and obesity. Treating the symptoms of T2DM, such as lowering HbA1c, without addressing the underlying pathways has little chance of eliminating the disease. Targeting the immune system, stress circuit, melatonin, and other alterations may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian B. Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ma’ayan Epstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Psychiatric Emergency Room, Olive View – University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, United States
| | - Briana Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Amira K. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
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Wang L, Hu F, Li W, Li Q, Li Y, Zhu J, Wei X, Yang J, Guo J, Qin Y, Shi H, Wang W, Wang Y. Relapse risk revealed by degree centrality and cluster analysis in heroin addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2216-2228. [PMID: 34702384 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on hubs of neural circuits associated with addiction and their degree centrality (DC), this study aimed to construct the addiction-related brain networks for patients diagnosed with heroin dependence undertaking stable methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and further prospectively identify the ones at high risk for relapse with cluster analysis. METHODS Sixty-two male MMT patients and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent brain resting-state functional MRI data acquisition. The patients received 26-month follow-up for the monthly illegal-drug-use information. Ten addiction-related hubs were chosen to construct a user-defined network for the patients. Then the networks were discriminated with K-means-clustering-algorithm into different groups and followed by comparative analysis to the groups and HC. Regression analysis was used to investigate the brain regions significantly contributed to relapse. RESULTS Sixty MMT patients were classified into two groups according to their brain-network patterns calculated by the best clustering-number-K. The two groups had no difference in the demographic, psychological indicators and clinical information except relapse rate and total heroin consumption. The group with high-relapse had a wider range of DC changes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuit relative to HC and a reduced DC in the mesocorticolimbic circuit relative to the low-relapse group. DC activity in NAc, vACC, hippocampus and amygdala were closely related with relapse. CONCLUSION MMT patients can be identified and classified into two subgroups with significantly different relapse rates by defining distinct brain-network patterns even if we are blind to their relapse outcomes in advance. This may provide a new strategy to optimize MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Testing the efficacy of real-time fMRI neurofeedback for training people who smoke daily to upregulate neural responses to nondrug rewards. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:440-456. [PMID: 36788202 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of nondrug rewards (e.g., money) to facilitate smoking cessation is widespread, recent research has found that such rewards may be least effective when people who smoke cigarettes are tempted to do so. Specifically, among people who smoke, the neural response to nondrug rewards appears blunted when access to cigarettes is anticipated, and this blunting is linked to a decrease in willingness to refrain from smoking to earn a monetary incentive. Accordingly, methods to enhance the value of nondrug rewards may be theoretically and clinically important. The current proof-of-concept study tested if real-time fMRI neurofeedback training augments the ability to upregulate responses in reward-related brain areas relative to a no-feedback control condition in people who smoke. Adults (n = 44, age range = 20-44) who reported smoking >5 cigarettes per day completed the study. Those in the intervention group (n = 22, 5 females) were trained to upregulate brain responses using feedback of ongoing striatal activity (i.e., a dynamic "thermometer" that reflected ongoing changes of fMRI signal intensity in the striatum) in a single neurofeedback session with three training runs. The control group (n = 22, 5 females) underwent a nearly identical procedure but received no neurofeedback. Those who received neurofeedback training demonstrated significantly greater increases in striatal BOLD activation while attempting to think about something rewarding compared to controls, but this effect was present only during the first training run. Future neurofeedback research with those who smoke should explore how to make neurofeedback training more effective for the self-regulation of reward-related brain activities.
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Bahreini MS, Sami Jahromi S, Radfar AH, Salemi AM, Dastan N, Asgari Q. The Relationship of Latent Toxoplasmosis and Cigarette Smoking: Seroprevalence, Risk Factor, and Case-Control Study in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Pathogens 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 36365025 PMCID: PMC9696781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide prevalence. Despite the relatively similar effects of toxoplasmosis and smoking on alteration in neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, little is known about the relation of Toxoplasma gondii infection and addiction to cigarette smoking. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and smoking. Through a case-control study, 216 regular cigarette smokers and 324 nonsmoker age- and gender-matched subjects were evaluated for anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During the sampling, a structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic information of participants and the risk factors of acquired Toxoplasma. The median ages of case and control groups were 51.04 ± 18.1 (22-97 years) and 51.03 ± 16.5 (21-89 years), respectively (p = 0.99). Anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 44 (20.37%) cases and in 135 (41.67%) controls. There was a statistically significant difference for the positivity rate between the smokers and the control group (OR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.19-0.65; and p = 0.001). The overall prevalence was 33.14%. This study indicated the inverse association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma infection and cigarette smoking. This relationship could be due to the changes that latent toxoplasmosis has on the neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, which needs more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Bahreini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Sareh Sami Jahromi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Radfar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Salemi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Dastan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
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Czarnecki D, Ziółkowski M, Chodkiewicz J, Długosz A, Feldheim J, Waszkiewicz N, Kułak-Bejda A, Gorzkiewicz M, Budzyński J, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Siomek-Górecka A, Nicpoń K, Kawala-Sterniuk A, Ferri R, Pelc M, Walecki P, Laskowska E, Gorzelańczyk EJ. Initial Study on COMT and DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms as Well as the Influence of Temperament and Character Trait on the Severity of Alcohol Craving in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245892. [PMID: 34945190 PMCID: PMC8704345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to determine the impact of COMT and DRD2 gene polymorphisms together with temperament and character traits on alcohol craving severity alcohol-dependent persons. The sample comprised of 89 men and 16 women (aged 38±7). For the sake of psychological assessment various analytic methods have been applied like the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) test. The SNP polymorphism of the analyzed genes was determined by Real Time PCR test. The results showed, that the COMT polymorphismmay have an indirected relationship with the intensity and changes in alcohol craving during abstinence. The DRD2 receptor gene polymorphisms are related with the intensity of alcohol craving. It seems that the character traits like “self-targeting”, including “self-acceptance”, are more closely related to the severity of alcohol craving and polymorphic changes in the DRD2 receptor than temperamental traits. Although this is a pilot study the obtained results appeared to be promising and clearly indicate the link betweengene polymorphisms alcohol craving and its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Marcin Ziółkowski
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Jan Chodkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Lodz, ul. Smugowa 10/12, 91-433 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Anna Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Feldheim
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Marta Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Justice, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Górecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Nicpoń
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Via C. Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Piotr Walecki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 7, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Edward Jacek Gorzelańczyk
- Department of Theoretical Basis of BioMedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Institute of Philosophy, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. Ogińskiego 16, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Babinski Specialist Psychiatric Healthcare Center, Outpatient Addiction Treatment, ul. Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Łódź, Poland
- The Society for the Substitution Treatment of Addiction “Medically Assisted Recovery”, ul. Rzeźniackiego 1D, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Poulton A, Hester R. Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:1182-1191. [PMID: 31848627 PMCID: PMC7657456 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Poulton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
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Kaggwa MM, Nkola R, Najjuka SM, Bongomin F, Ashaba S, Mamun MA. Extrapyramidal Side Effects in a Patient with Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: A Reflection of Quality of the Mental Health Care System. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2789-2795. [PMID: 34234593 PMCID: PMC8257062 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s314451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of substance use disorders is increasing in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals with substance use disorders (eg, alcohol use disorder) are at high risk of manifesting extrapyramidal side effects or extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during treatment of alcohol-induced mental illness symptoms especially psychosis. EPS management poses a challenge since some of the drugs used for treating EPS have addictive properties. The knowledge about EPS diagnosis and treatment is not well distributed across the health system, with health workers at lower health facilities having least awareness. The present case gives details of a patient who developed EPS during the management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Case Details Following cessation of alcohol use, a 54-year-old man with alcohol use disorder presented with a one-week history of visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations, illusions, insomnia, extreme fear and irritability. He was managed with several daily doses of intramuscular chlorpromazine 100 mg, whenever he woke up aggressive from sedation from a peripheral health facility. Four days after his admission, he became mute, stiff, immobile, triple-flexed, tremulous and was drooling saliva. He was referred to a secondary facility for further management while on antipsychotic medication. Finally, he was referred to a tertiary facility, managed with tablets of benzhexol 5 mg twice daily and intravenous diazepam 20 mg per day. Daily follow-up was done using the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS) for EPS. EPS symptoms resolved ten days after initiation of treatment. Conclusion EPS among individuals with addictive disorders poses a challenge in its management, especially in countries where the mental health care system is not well developed at lower-level health facilities. The mental health system has to prepare sustainable interventions to properly manage EPS among the growing population of individuals with addictive disorders through strengthening the mental health policy by training and equipping all health providers with knowledge and skills in managing EPS, increasing finances allocated for mental health and controlling the production and use of addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Rahel Nkola
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Gowen AM, Odegaard KE, Hernandez J, Chand S, Koul S, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. Role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of addiction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1637. [PMID: 33336550 PMCID: PMC8026578 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking despite adverse consequences. There are both heritable and epigenetic mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs regulate synaptic plasticity and related behaviors caused by substances of abuse. These ncRNAs modify gene expression and may contribute to the behavioral phenotypes of addiction. Among the ncRNAs, the most widely researched and impactful are miRNAs. The goal in this systematic review is to provide a detailed account of recent research involving the role of miRNAs in addiction. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Odegaard
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jordan Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sneh Koul
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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A Systematic Review of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Binge Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030848. [PMID: 33807560 PMCID: PMC7999791 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic polymorphisms involved in the physiopathology of binge eating disorder (BED) are currently unclear. This systematic review aims to highlight and summarize the research on polymorphisms that is conducted in the BED. We looked for observational studies where there was a genetic comparison between adults with BED, in some cases also with obesity or overweight, and healthy controls or obesity/overweight without BED. Our protocol was written using PRISMA. It is registered at PROSPERO (identification: CRD42020198645). To identify potentially relevant documents, the following bibliographic databases were searched without a time limit, but until September 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, 21 articles were included in the qualitative analysis of the systematic review, as they met the eligibility criteria. Within the selected studies, 41 polymorphisms of 17 genes were assessed. Overall, this systematic review provides a list of potentially useful genetic polymorphisms involved in BED: 5-HTTLPR (5-HTT), Taq1A (ANKK1/DRD2), A118G (OPRM1), C957T (DRD2), rs2283265 (DRD2), Val158Met (COMT), rs6198 (GR), Val103Ile (MC4R), Ile251Leu (MC4R), rs6265 (BNDF), and Leu72Met (GHRL). It is important to emphasize that Taq1A is the polymorphism that showed, in two different research groups, the most significant association with BED. The remaining polymorphisms need further evidence to be confirmed.
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Jiang WN, Jing X, Li M, Deng H, Jiang T, Xiong KZ, Chen Y, Wang XF, Wang QJ. Corydaline and l-tetrahydropalmatine attenuate morphine-induced conditioned place preference and the changes in dopamine D2 and GluA1 AMPA receptor expression in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Lim ZM, Chie QT, Teh LK. Influence of dopamine receptor gene on eating behaviour and obesity in Malaysia. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Chiang TI, Lane HY, Lin CH. D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) Taq1A (rs1800497) affects bone density. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13236. [PMID: 32764574 PMCID: PMC7414035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients are susceptible to lower bone mineral density (BMD). However, studies exploring the genetic effects are lacking. Genes that affect the activity of antipsychotics may be associated with BMD, particularly in patients receiving long-term antipsychotic treatment. We aimed to explore the relationship between the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene Taq1A (rs1800497) polymorphism and BMD in chronic schizophrenia patients. We recruited schizophrenia patients (n = 47) and healthy controls (n = 39) from a medical center in Taiwan and collected data that may affect BMD. Patients’ BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA). DRD2 rs1800497 was genotyped through polymerase chain reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Among all participants, subjects with DRD2 rs1800497(T;T) allele had lower DEXA T score and DEXA Z score compared to those with rs1800497(C;T) and rs1800497(C;C) alleles (p = 0.008, 0.003, respectively). In schizophrenia patients, subjects with rs1800497(T;T) allele also had lower DEXA Z score compared to the other two alleles (p = 0.045). Our findings suggest that individuals with the DRD2 rs1800497(T;T) had lower BMD than those with the rs1800497(C;T) and rs1800497(C;C) genotypes. Therefore, genes should be considered as one of the risk factors of lower BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-I Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., North Dist., Taichung City, 404, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., North Dist., Taichung City, 404, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Patte KA, Davis CA, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter-Major J, Kennedy JL. A Behavioral Genetic Model of the Mechanisms Underlying the Link Between Obesity and Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1425-1436. [PMID: 26794671 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715618793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The ADHD-obesity link has been suggested to result from a shared underlying basis of suboptimal dopamine (DA); however, this theory conflicts evidence that an amplified DA signal increases the risk for overeating and weight gain. A model was tested in which ADHD symptoms, predicted by hypodopaminergic functioning in the prefrontal cortex, in combination with an enhanced appetitive drive, predict hedonic eating and, in turn, higher body mass index (BMI). Method: DRD2 and DRD4 markers were genotyped. The model was tested using structural equation modeling in a nonclinical sample (N = 421 adults). Results: The model was a good fit to the data. Controlling for education, all parameter estimates were significant, except for the DRD4-ADHD symptom pathway. The significant indirect effect indicates that overeating mediated the ADHD symptoms-BMI association. Conclusion: Results support the hypothesis that overeating and elevated DA in the ventral striatum-representative of a greater reward response-contribute to the ADHD symptom-obesity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline A Davis
- York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Luo A, Jung J, Longley M, Rosoff DB, Charlet K, Muench C, Lee J, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Horvath S, Kaminsky ZA, Lohoff FW. Epigenetic aging is accelerated in alcohol use disorder and regulated by genetic variation in APOL2. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:327-336. [PMID: 31466081 PMCID: PMC6901591 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potential role of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in aging processes, we employed Levine's epigenetic clock (DNAm PhenoAge) to estimate DNA methylation age in 331 individuals with AUD and 201 healthy controls (HC). We evaluated the effects of heavy, chronic alcohol consumption on epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) using clinical biomarkers, including liver function test enzymes (LFTs) and clinical measures. To characterize potential underlying genetic variation contributing to EAA in AUD, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on EAA, including pathway analyses. We followed up on relevant top findings with in silico expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses for biological function using the BRAINEAC database. There was a 2.22-year age acceleration in AUD compared to controls after adjusting for gender and blood cell composition (p = 1.85 × 10-5). This association remained significant after adjusting for race, body mass index, and smoking status (1.38 years, p = 0.02). Secondary analyses showed more pronounced EAA in individuals with more severe AUD-associated phenotypes, including elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and higher number of heavy drinking days (all ps < 0.05). The genome-wide meta-analysis of EAA in AUD revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs916264 (p = 5.43 × 10-8), in apolipoprotein L2 (APOL2) at the genome-wide level. The minor allele A of rs916264 was associated with EAA and with increased mRNA expression in hippocampus (p = 0.0015). Our data demonstrate EAA in AUD and suggest that disease severity further accelerates epigenetic aging. EAA was associated with genetic variation in APOL2, suggesting potential novel biological mechanisms for age acceleration in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Luo
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Martha Longley
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel B. Rosoff
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Katrin Charlet
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Muench
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Colin A. Hodgkinson
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - David Goldman
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zachary A. Kaminsky
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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15
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Ruzilawati AB, Deeza-Syafiqah MS, Ahmad I, Shamsuddin S, Gan SH, Vicknasingam BK. Influence of dopaminergic system gene polymorphisms on mixed amphetamine-type stimulants and opioid dependence in Malaysian Malays. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Adams RC, Sedgmond J, Maizey L, Chambers CD, Lawrence NS. Food Addiction: Implications for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Overeating. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2086. [PMID: 31487791 PMCID: PMC6770567 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the obesity epidemic being largely attributed to overeating, much research has been aimed at understanding the psychological causes of overeating and using this knowledge to develop targeted interventions. Here, we review this literature under a model of food addiction and present evidence according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders. We review several innovative treatments related to a food addiction model ranging from cognitive intervention tasks to neuromodulation techniques. We conclude that there is evidence to suggest that, for some individuals, food can induce addictive-type behaviours similar to those seen with other addictive substances. However, with several DSM-5 criteria having limited application to overeating, the term 'food addiction' is likely to apply only in a minority of cases. Nevertheless, research investigating the underlying psychological causes of overeating within the context of food addiction has led to some novel and potentially effective interventions. Understanding the similarities and differences between the addictive characteristics of food and illicit substances should prove fruitful in further developing these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Adams
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Jemma Sedgmond
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Leah Maizey
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - Natalia S Lawrence
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
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17
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Lewis CR, Henderson-Smith A, Breitenstein RS, Sowards HA, Piras IS, Huentelman MJ, Doane LD, Lemery-Chalfant K. Dopaminergic gene methylation is associated with cognitive performance in a childhood monozygotic twin study. Epigenetics 2019; 14:310-323. [PMID: 30806146 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1583032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive function are due to a combination of heritable and non-heritable factors. A large body of evidence from clinical, cognitive, and pharmacological neuroscience implicates dopaminergic gene variants as modulators of cognitive functions. Neuroepigenetic studies demonstrate environmental factors also influence complex phenotypes by affecting gene expression regulation. To evaluate the mechanism of environmental influence on cognitive abilities, we examined if epigenetic regulation of dopaminergic genes plays a role in cognition. Using a DNA methylation profiling microarray, we used a monozygotic (MZ) twin difference design to evaluate if co-twin differences in methylation of CpG sites near six dopaminergic genes predicted differences in response inhibition and memory performance. Studying MZ twins allows us to assess if environmentally driven differences in methylation affect differences in phenotype while controlling for the influence of genotype and shared family environment. Response inhibition was assessed with the flanker task and short-term and working memory were assessed with digit span recall. We found MZ co-twin differences in DRD4 gene methylation predicted differences in short-term memory. MZ differences in COMT, DBH, DAT1, DRD1, and DRD2 gene methylation predicted differences in response inhibition. Taken together, findings suggest methylation status of dopaminergic genes may influence cognitive functions in a dissociable manner. Our results highlight the importance of the epigenome and environment, over and above the influence of genotype, in supporting complex cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R Lewis
- a Neurogenomics Division , Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA.,b Psychology Department , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | | | | | - Hayley A Sowards
- b Psychology Department , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- a Neurogenomics Division , Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- a Neurogenomics Division , Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- b Psychology Department , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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18
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Masuzaki H, Kozuka C, Okamoto S, Yonamine M, Tanaka H, Shimabukuro M. Brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol as a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against diabetes mellitus and obesity in humans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:18-25. [PMID: 29978570 PMCID: PMC6319487 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic overconsumption of animal fats causes a variety of health problems, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Underlying molecular mechanisms encompass leptin resistance, a decrease in rewarding effects of physical activities, xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in vasculature and peripheral tissue, impaired activation of incretin signaling, deviation in food preference, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Based on our clinical observation that daily intake of brown rice effectively ameliorates bodyweight gain, impaired glucose tolerance/insulin resistance and dependence on fatty foods in obese, prediabetes men, a line of research on brown rice (rice bran)-derived γ-oryzanol in mice experiments, cultured cells and human clinical trials is underway in our laboratory. Our works in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, an ester mixture of ferulic acid and several kinds of phytosterols, acts as a molecular chaperone, thereby attenuating the strong preference for animal fats through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus. In pancreatic islets from both high-fat diet-induced and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, γ-oryzanol ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protects β-cells against apoptosis. Noticeably, γ-oryzanol also acts as a potent inhibitor against deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases in the brain reward system (striatum) in mice, thereby attenuating, at least partly, the preference for a high-fat diet through the epigenetic modulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptor. Because dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain reward system is considerably attenuated in obese humans and rodents, γ-oryzanol might represent a unique property to ameliorate both hedonic and metabolic dysregulation of feeding behavior, highlighting a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | | | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismSchool of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
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19
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Berrett AN, Gale SD, Erickson LD, Thacker EL, Brown BL, Hedges DW. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2018; 65. [PMID: 30213919 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2018.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infects humans resulting in acute toxoplasmosis, an infection that in immunocompetent people is typically mild but results in persistent latent toxoplasmosis. In that T. gondii appears to affect dopamine synthesis and because addicting drugs affect midbrain dopamine transmission, latent toxoplasmosis could influence substance use. Using both the third and continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we used logistic regression to test for associations between T. gondii seropositivity and subject self-report of having ever used tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. In the third NHANES dataset, which included data for tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported marijuana (OR = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.58; 0.87]; p = 0.001) and cocaine use (OR = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.56; 0.91]; p = 0.006). In the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys dataset, which included data for all six substances, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported tobacco (OR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.76; 1.00]; p = 0.044), marijuana (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.50; 0.72]; p < 0.001), heroin (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.42; 0.85]; p = 0.005) and methamphetamine use (OR = 0.54 [95% CI: 0.38; 0.77]; p = 0.001). We observed interactions between sex and T. gondii seropositivity in the prediction of self-reported use of tobacco and alcohol. Further, T. gondii seropositivity appeared to remove the protective effect of education and economic status against self-reported cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that T. gondii seropositivity may be inversely associated with some but not all types of substance use in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Berrett
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shawn D Gale
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.,The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lance D Erickson
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Evan L Thacker
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America This article contains supporting information (S1) online at http://folia.paru.cas.cz/suppl/2018-65-011.pdf
| | - Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Dawson W Hedges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.,The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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20
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Potential Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Dopamine Receptor D2 Gene Variants as Modifiers for the Susceptibility and Clinical Course of Wilson's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:401-408. [PMID: 29992511 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD), an inborn error of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) gene, manifests variable age of onset and different degrees of hepatic and neurological disturbances. This complex phenotypical outcome of a classical monogenic disease can possibly be explained by modifier loci regulating the clinical course of the disease. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), critical for the survival, morphogenesis, and plasticity of the neurons, and the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), one of the most abundant dopamine receptors in the brain, have been highlighted in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric diseases. This study aims to identify the potential association between BDNF and DRD2 gene polymorphisms and WD and its clinical characteristics. A total of 164 WD patients and 270 controls from India were included in this study. Two BDNF polymorphisms [p.Val66Met (c.G196A) and c.C270T] and the DRD2 Taq1A (A2/A1 or C/T) polymorphism were examined for their association with WD and some of its clinical attributes, using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length digestion, and bidirectional sequencing. The C allele and CC genotype of BDNF C270T were significantly overrepresented among controls compared to WD patients. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of the allele coding for Val and the corresponding homozygous genotype of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was found among WD patients with age of onset later than 10 years. Furthermore, the A1A1 genotype of DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism was significantly more common among WD patients with rigidity. Our data suggest that both BDNF and DRD2 may act as potential modifiers of WD phenotype in the Indian context.
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21
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Zhang J, Yan P, Li Y, Cai X, Yang Z, Miao X, Chen B, Li S, Dang W, Jia W, Zhu Y. A 35.8 kilobases haplotype spanning ANKK1 and DRD2 is associated with heroin dependence in Han Chinese males. Brain Res 2018; 1688:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zlomuzica A, Machulska A, Roberts S, von Glischinski M, Rinck M, Lester KJ, Eley TC, Margraf J. The dopamine D2 receptor mediates approach-avoidance tendencies in smokers. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:261-268. [PMID: 28364268 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2) have been strongly implicated in reward processing of natural stimuli and drugs. Using the approach-avoidance task (AAT), we recently demonstrated that smokers show an increased approach-bias toward smoking-related cues but not toward naturally rewarding stimuli. Here, we examined the contribution of the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism to smokers' and non-smokers' responsivity toward smoking versus naturally rewarding stimuli in the AAT. Smokers carrying the minor B1 allele of the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism showed reduced approach behavior for food-related pictures compared to non-smokers with the same allele. In the group of smokers, a higher approach-bias toward smoking-related compared to food-related pictures was found in carriers of the B1 allele. This pattern was not evident in smokers homozygous for the B2 allele. In addition, smokers with the B1 allele reported fewer attempts to quit smoking relative to smokers homozygous for the B2 allele. This is the first study demonstrating that behavioral shifts in response to smoking relative to natural rewards in smokers are mediated by the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism. Our results indicate a reduced natural-reward brain reactivity in smokers with a genetically determined decrease in dopaminergic activity (i.e., reduction of DRD2 availability). It remains to be determined whether this pattern might be related to a different outcome after psychological cessation interventions, i.e., AAT modification paradigms, in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alla Machulska
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanna Roberts
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael von Glischinski
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Lester
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Pértile RAN, Corvino ME, Marchette RCN, Pavesi E, Cavalli J, Ramos A, Izídio GS. The Quinpirole Hypolocomotive Effects are Strain and Route of Administration Dependent in SHR and SLA16 Isogenic Rats. Behav Genet 2017; 47:552-563. [PMID: 28822047 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The SHR and SLA16 inbred strains present behavioral differences in anxiety/emotionality that could be under the influence of dopaminergic neurotransmission. In order to investigate the role of D2 receptors in modulating such differences, an agonist (quinpirole) and an antagonist (haloperidol) of this receptor were administered, either via systemic injection (IP), or microinjected into the ventral area of the hippocampus (vHIP). Quinpirole and haloperidol IP decreased locomotor activity, only in SLA16 rats in the open-field (OF), and in both strains in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Quinpirole also increased the preference for the aversive areas of the EPM. Quinpirole vHIP decreased locomotor activity in both strains. Haloperidol vHIP did not elicit behavioural changes and no differences in the levels of D2 receptors and of dopamine transporter in the hippocampus were found. Results indicate that systemic activation/blocking of D2 receptors caused a strain-dependent hypolocomotion, whereas activation of D2 receptors in the vHIP, but not D2 receptor antagonism, regardless of dose, decreased general locomotor activity in the two strains. Therefore, we suggest that genomic differences in the chromosome 4 can influence the locomotor activity regulated by the D2 dopaminergic receptor, especially in the vHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A N Pértile
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - M E Corvino
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R C N Marchette
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - E Pavesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - J Cavalli
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Ramos
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - G S Izídio
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Pedram P, Zhai G, Gulliver W, Zhang H, Sun G. Two novel candidate genes identified in adults from the Newfoundland population with addictive tendencies towards food. Appetite 2017; 115:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kozuka C, Kaname T, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Tsutsui M, Matsushita M, Abe K, Masuzaki H. Impact of brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol on epigenetic modulation of dopamine D2 receptors in brain striatum in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1502-1511. [PMID: 28528402 PMCID: PMC5491592 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Overeating of dietary fats causes obesity in humans and rodents. Recent studies in humans and rodents have demonstrated that addiction to fats shares a common mechanism with addiction to alcohol, nicotine and narcotics in terms of a dysfunction of brain reward systems. It has been highlighted that a high-fat diet (HFD) attenuates dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) signalling in the striatum, a pivotal regulator of the brain reward system, resulting in hedonic overeating. We previously reported that the brown rice-specific bioactive constituent γ-oryzanol attenuated the preference for an HFD via hypothalamic control. We therefore explored the possibility that γ-oryzanol would modulate functioning of the brain reward system in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD were orally treated with γ-oryzanol, and striatal levels of molecules involved in D2R signalling were evaluated. The impact of γ-oryzanol on DNA methylation of the D2R promoter and subsequent changes in preferences for dietary fat was examined. In addition, the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), on food preference, D2R signalling and the levels of DNMTs in the striatum were investigated. The inhibitory effects of γ-oryzanol on the activity of DNMTs were enzymatically evaluated in vitro. RESULTS In striatum from mice fed an HFD, the production of D2Rs was decreased via an increase in DNA methylation of the promoter region of the D2R. Oral administration of γ-oryzanol decreased the expression and activity of DNMTs, thereby restoring the level of D2Rs in the striatum. Pharmacological inhibition of DNMTs by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine also ameliorated the preference for dietary fat. Consistent with these findings, enzymatic in vitro assays demonstrated that γ-oryzanol inhibited the activity of DNMTs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that γ-oryzanol ameliorates HFD-induced DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region of D2R in the striatum of mice. Our experimental paradigm highlights γ-oryzanol as a promising antiobesity substance with the distinct property of being a novel epigenetic modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Abe D, Doi H, Asai T, Kimura M, Wada T, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto T, Shinohara K. Association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and competition results of competitive swimmers. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:393-397. [PMID: 28368213 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1309058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the contribution of genetic determinants to athletes' physical ability. However, despite the fact that cognitive abilities like self-control and stress-tolerance influence athletes' competitive performance, few studies to date have investigated the association between genetic polymorphism, which is linked to cognitive ability and athletic performance. The present study investigated the link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are known to exert influences on dopaminergic neural function and competitive performance of swimmers. The results have revealed superior competitive performance in competitive swimmers with Met allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism than those with Val/Val genotype. The investigated SNPs of DRD2 and DRD3 were not associated with swimmer's competitive performance. This finding indicates that genetic polymorphism linked to cognitive ability influences the athletes' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Abe
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki City , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Doi
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki City , Japan
| | - Taishi Asai
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki City , Japan
| | - Mayuko Kimura
- b Wellness Research Center , Kokushikan University , Tama , Japan
| | - Tadashi Wada
- c School of Science and Engineering , Kokushikan University , Setagaya , Japan
| | - Yuusuke Takahashi
- d School of Science and Engineering , Chuo University , Bunkyo , Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsumoto
- e School of Physical Education , Kokushikan University , Tama , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki City , Japan
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Ishimaru Y, Kozuka C, Nakajima K, Sasaki T. Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:83-95. [PMID: 27730500 PMCID: PMC5138253 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled "Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators" was organized. The latest research on weight control was presented by young up-and-coming investigators. The symposium consisted of the following presentations: Gastrointestinal brush cells, immunity, and energy homeostasis; Impact of a brown rice-derived bioactive product on feeding regulation and fuel metabolism; A novel G protein-coupled receptor-regulated neuronal signaling pathway triggers sustained orexigenic effects; and NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine regulates food preference. These four talks presented at the symposium were summarized as a series of short reviews in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling. Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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Munk AJL, Wielpuetz C, Osinsky R, Müller EM, Grant P, Hennig J. Specific Reaction Patterns to Distinct Positive Emotional Cues Related to Incentive Motivation in Dependence of the Taq1A-Polymorphism: Molecular Genetic Associations of Early and Late Event-Related Potentials. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 73:23-34. [PMID: 26812525 DOI: 10.1159/000441658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Early and late event-related potential (ERP) responses, representing early subconscious and late motivational processes, were recorded for positive emotional words related to 'wanting' and 'liking', in dependence of the dopamine-related Taq1A genotype (ANKK1/DRD2). Research suggests that 'wanting' as opposed to 'liking' is related to dopaminergic processes. Therefore, it was hypothesized that risk allele carriers of the Taq1A polymorphism exhibit late ERP changes in reaction to words representing incentive motivation, i.e. 'wanting' (word categories 'lust' and 'anticipation'), but not to words representing 'liking' ('closeness'). METHODS Seventy-two male participants performed an emotional-word Stroop task during EEG recording and were genotyped according to the Taq1A polymorphism of ANKK1/DRD2. RESULTS Positive emotional words related to anticipation and lust revealed blunted responses in the late positive potential (LPP) in carriers of the A1 allele, an effect absent in response to 'liking'-related words. These differences were not evident in the earlier posterior negativity (EPN). CONCLUSION As no differences in dependence of the Taq1A genotype were observed in reaction to 'wanting'- and 'liking'-related words in the EPN, but merely in the LPP, it can be assumed that incentive-motivational stimuli only modify motivation-related ERP responses in carriers of the A1 allele of the Taq1A polymorphism, indicating the role of dopamine in late ERP components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha J L Munk
- Department of Personality and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Perry CJ, Lawrence AJ. Addiction, cognitive decline and therapy: seeking ways to escape a vicious cycle. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:205-218. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Perry
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
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Huang MW, Chiang TA, Lo PY, Huang CS. Relationship among methadone dose, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor and tri-dimensional personality questionnaire in heroin-addicted patients. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:24. [PMID: 27580593 PMCID: PMC5007696 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether variation in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and tri-dimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) scores could be used to aid adjustment of daily methadone requirements of heroin addicts. DRD2 TaqI B polymorphisms and TPQ scores were determined in 138 male Taiwanese heroin addicts who were receiving methadone treatment. Borderline index (harm avoidance + novelty seeking-reward dependence) was calculated for each subject, and three groups were defined: high (mean from all subjects plus 1 standard deviation, or greater), low (half of the calculated high score, or lower) and medium (all values between the high and low scores). RESULTS No significant differences in age (p = 0.60), mean methadone dose (p = 0.75) or borderline index group (p = 0.25) were observed between subjects bearing the B1/B1, B1/B2 and B2/B2 DRD2 TaqI genotypes. Among the individuals with low (≤10), medium (11-20) and high (≥21) borderline index scores, there was a significant difference in mean methadone dose (p = 0.04), but not age (p = 0.90). Further analysis showed that mean methadone dose was significantly higher in subjects with low borderline index scores than in those with high scores (62.5 vs. 47.0 mg/day, p = 0.03). The odds ratio for a daily methadone requirement ≥60 mg (median dose across the 138 subjects) was 2.64-fold greater in the low borderline index group than in the high group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Although the DRD2 TaqI B genotype was not associated with methadone use requirements, borderline index was revealed as a potential predictive marker for the adjustment of methadone dosage requirements in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chia-Yi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,General Education Center, Taiwan Shoufu University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-An Chiang
- College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Huang
- Administration Center of Research and Education Innovation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
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Cross SJ, Lotfipour S, Leslie FM. Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:171-185. [PMID: 27532746 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1209512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol or psychostimulants represents a major public health concern, with use of one substance influencing consumption of the other. Co-abuse of these drugs leads to substantial negative health outcomes, reduced cessation, and high economic costs, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Epidemiological data suggest that tobacco use during adolescence plays a particularly significant role. Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by major neurobiological maturation of brain regions critical for reward processing, learning and memory, and executive function. Nicotine exposure during this time produces a unique and long-lasting vulnerability to subsequent substance use, likely via actions at cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems. In this review, we discuss recent clinical and preclinical data examining the genetic factors and mechanisms underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or cocaine and amphetamines. We evaluate the critical role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors throughout, and emphasize the dearth of preclinical studies assessing concurrent drug exposure. We stress important age and sex differences in drug responses, and highlight a brief, low-dose nicotine exposure paradigm that may better model early use of tobacco products. The escalating use of e-cigarettes among youth necessitates a closer look at the consequences of early adolescent nicotine exposure on subsequent alcohol and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Cross
- a Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology , School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Frances M Leslie
- a Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology , School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
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Raskin P, Cincotta AH. Bromocriptine-QR therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: developmental basis and therapeutic profile summary. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:113-148. [PMID: 30058874 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2016.1131119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An extended series of studies indicate that endogenous phase shifts in circadian neuronal input signaling to the biological clock system centered within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) facilitates shifts in metabolic status. In particular, a diminution of the circadian peak in dopaminergic input to the peri-SCN facilitates the onset of fattening, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance while reversal of low circadian peak dopaminergic activity to the peri-SCN via direct timed dopamine administration to this area normalizes the obese, insulin resistant, glucose intolerant state in high fat fed animals. Systemic circadian-timed daily administration of a potent dopamine D2 receptor agonist, bromocriptine, to increase diminished circadian peak dopaminergic hypothalamic activity across a wide variety of animal models of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results in improvements in the obese, insulin resistant, glucose intolerant condition by improving hypothalamic fuel sensing and reducing insulin resistance, elevated sympathetic tone, and leptin resistance. A circadian-timed (within 2 hours of waking in the morning) once daily administration of a quick release formulation of bromocriptine (bromocriptine-QR) has been approved for the treatment of T2DM by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Clinical studies with such bromocriptine-QR therapy (1.6 to 4.8 mg/day) indicate that it improves glycemic control by reducing postprandial glucose levels without raising plasma insulin. Across studies of various T2DM populations, bromocriptine-QR has been demonstrated to reduce HbA1c by -0.5 to -1.7. The drug has a good safety profile with transient mild to moderate nausea, headache and dizziness as the most frequent adverse events noted with the medication. In a large randomized clinical study of T2DM subjects, bromocriptine-QR exposure was associated with a 42% hazard ratio reduction of a pre-specified adverse cardiovascular endpoint including myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, revascularization surgery, or unstable angina. Bromocriptine-QR represents a novel method of treating T2DM that may have benefits for cardiovascular disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Raskin
- a Southwestern Medical Center , University of Texas , Dallas , TX , USA
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Reichelt AC, Abbott KN, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Differential motivational profiles following adolescent sucrose access in male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 157:13-9. [PMID: 26826605 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are the highest consumers of sugar sweetened drinks. Excessive consumption of such drinks is a likely contributor to the development of obesity and may be associated with enduring changes in the systems involved in reward and motivation. We examined the impact of daily sucrose consumption in young male and female rats (N=12 per group) across the adolescent period on the motivation to perform instrumental responses to gain food rewards as adults. Rats were or were not exposed to a sucrose solution for 2 h each day for 28 days across adolescence [postnatal days (P) 28-56]. They were then trained as adults (P70 onward) to lever press for a palatable 15% cherry flavored sucrose reward and tested on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule to assess motivation to respond for reinforcement. Female rats exposed to sucrose had higher breakpoints on the PR schedule than controls, whereas male rats exposed to sucrose had lower breakpoints than controls. These results show that consumption of sucrose during adolescence produced sex-specific behavioral changes in responding for sucrose as adults.
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Dopamine receptor agonists modulate voluntary alcohol intake independently of individual levels of alcohol intake in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2715-25. [PMID: 27236784 PMCID: PMC4917576 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Individual susceptibility to alcohol use disorder has been related to functional changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current work was to assess the effects of selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists on alcohol consumption in rats that differ in individual levels of alcohol intake. METHODS The effects of the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, the dopamine D2 receptor agonist sumanirole and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist L741,626 on alcohol consumption and preference were assessed at different time points after treatment in subgroups of low and high alcohol drinking rats (LD and HD) using an intermittent alcohol access paradigm. RESULTS SKF 82958 decreased alcohol intake and alcohol preference throughout the 24-h session. Sumanirole decreased alcohol intake during the first 2 h, but increased alcohol intake during the remainder of the session. The effects of SKF 82958 and sumanirole on alcohol intake and alcohol preference were comparable in LD and HD. By contrast, the dopamine receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and L741,626 did not alter alcohol consumption in either group at any time point. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that stimulation of dopamine D1 receptors reduces alcohol intake, but that endogenous dopamine does not play a primary role in alcohol consumption. Moreover, the difference in alcohol consumption between LD and HD does not involve altered dopamine signaling.
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Abstract
There exists a continuous spectrum of overeating, where at the extremes there are casual overindulgences and at the other a 'pathological' drive to consume palatable foods. It has been proposed that pathological eating behaviors may be the result of addictive appetitive behavior and loss of ability to regulate the consumption of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates, fats, salt, and caffeine. In this review, we highlight the genetic similarities underlying substance addiction phenotypes and overeating compulsions seen in individuals with binge eating disorder. We relate these similarities to findings from neuroimaging studies on reward processing and clinical diagnostic criteria based on addiction phenotypes. The abundance of similarities between compulsive overeating and substance addictions puts forth a case for a 'food addiction' phenotype as a valid, diagnosable disorder.
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Vasconcelos ACCG, Neto EDSR, Pinto GR, Yoshioka FKN, Motta FJN, Vasconcelos DFP, Canalle R. Association study of the SLC6A3 VNTR (DAT) and DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphisms with alcohol dependence in a population from northeastern Brazil. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:205-11. [PMID: 25684044 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex psychiatric disorder, affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of AD. The aim of this search was to test the association of the SLC6A3 40 bp-VNTR and DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with AD through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for AD and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SLC6A3 40 bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with AD were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p < 0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS The SLC6A3 40 bp-VNTR was associated with AD, allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR = 1.88; p = 0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR = 6.25; p = 0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10 + A10A10: OR = 5.44; p = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p = 0.10) and genotypic (p > 0.05) frequencies for DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the SLC6A3 40 bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to AD in the population studied. However, for the DRD2/ANKK1 SNP does not present contributions to the development of AD.
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJL. Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:633-77. [PMID: 26277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş O Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, De Kluyskamp 1002, 6545 JD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Room: A.07.04B, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Individual differences in anticipatory activity to food rewards predict cue-induced appetitive 50-kHz calls in rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years, social entrepreneurship has emerged as a new field to address social and public health challenges. Social entrepreneurship, which harnesses traditional business practices and market forces to address social challenges, may produce solutions that are more cost-effective and sustainable than those produced by governmental and nonprofit sectors. In this paper, we discuss whether and how social entrepreneurship can be harnessed for obesity prevention by defining and briefly reviewing the rise of social entrepreneurship in the USA, outlining the threat that obesity poses to US society and offering some examples of how social ventures are addressing the problem of obesity. Additional untapped opportunities are also discussed and recommendations given for how social entrepreneurship might impact obesity prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosha Woods Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Larissa Calancie
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Alice Ammerman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Verdejo-Garcia A, Clark L, Verdejo-Román J, Albein-Urios N, Martinez-Gonzalez JM, Gutierrez B, Soriano-Mas C. Neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in cocaine and gambling addictions. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 207:158-64. [PMID: 26045346 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cocaine and gambling addictions exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits that may underlie persistence of harmful behaviours. AIMS We investigated the neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility in cocaine users v. pathological gamblers, aiming to disambiguate common mechanisms v. cocaine effects. METHOD Eighteen cocaine users, 18 pathological gamblers and 18 controls performed a probabilistic reversal learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, and were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A polymorphism. RESULTS Cocaine users and pathological gamblers exhibited reduced ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) signal during reversal shifting. Cocaine users further showed increased dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) activation relative to pathological gamblers during perseveration, and decreased dorsolateral PFC activation relative to pathological gamblers and controls during shifting. Preliminary genetic findings indicated that cocaine users carrying the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A1+ genotype may derive unique stimulatory effects on shifting-related ventrolateral PFC signal. CONCLUSIONS Reduced ventrolateral PFC activation during shifting may constitute a common neural marker across gambling and cocaine addictions. Additional cocaine-related effects relate to a wider pattern of task-related dysregulation, reflected in signal abnormalities in dorsolateral and dmPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luke Clark
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Albein-Urios
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Martinez-Gonzalez
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Gutierrez
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, PhD, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada. Granada, Spain; Luke Clark, PhD, Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Canada; Juan Verdejo-Román, MSc, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Natalia Albein-Urios, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; José M. Martinez-Gonzalez, PhD, Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gutierrez, PhD, Institute of Neuroscience F. Oloriz, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Zainal Abidin S, Tan EL, Chan SC, Jaafar A, Lee AX, Abd Hamid MHN, Abdul Murad NA, Pakarul Razy NF, Azmin S, Ahmad Annuar A, Lim SY, Cheah PS, Ling KH, Mohamed Ibrahim N. DRD and GRIN2B polymorphisms and their association with the development of impulse control behaviour among Malaysian Parkinson's disease patients. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 25896831 PMCID: PMC4417293 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impulse control disorder (ICD) and behaviours (ICB) represent a group of behavioural disorders that have become increasingly recognised in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients who previously used dopaminergic medications, particularly dopamine agonists and levodopa. It has been suggested that these medications can lead to the development of ICB through the abnormal modulation of dopaminergic transmission and signalling in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Several studies have reported an association between polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor (DRD) and N-methyl-D-aspartate 2B (GRIN2B) genes with the development of ICB in PD (PD-ICB) patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of selected polymorphisms within the DRD and GRIN2B genes with the development of ICB among PD patients using high resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Method We used high resolution melt (HRM) analysis to genotype 11 polymorphisms in 5 DRD genes [DRD1 (rs4532, rs4867798 and rs265981), DRD2 (ANKK1 rs1800497, rs104894220 and rs144999500), DRD3 (rs3732783 and rs6280), DRD4 (rs1800443), and DRD5 (rs144132215)] and 1 polymorphism in GRIN2B (rs7301328) in PD patients with (cases, n = 52) and without (controls, n = 39) ICB. Cases were obtained from two tertiary movement disorder centres [UKMMC (n = 9) and UMMC (n = 43)]. At both centres, the diagnosis of ICB was made using the QUIP questionnaire. Controls were recruited from PD patients who attended UKMMC and were found to be negative for ICB using the QUIP questionnaire. Results The HRM analysis showed that 7 of 11 polymorphisms [DRD1 (rs4532, rs4867798, and rs265981), DRD2 (ANKK1 rs1800497), DRD3 (rs3732783 and rs6280), and GRIN2B (rs7301328)] exhibited a clear distinction between wild-type and variant alleles. Variants of DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 (OR = 3.77; 95% CI, 1.38-10.30; p = 0.0044), DRD1 rs4867798 (OR = 24.53; 95% CI, 1.68-357.28; p = 0.0054), DRD1 rs4532 (OR = 21.33; 95% CI, 1.97-230.64; p = 0.0024), and GRIN2B rs7301328 (OR = 25.07; 95% CI, 1.30-483.41; p = 0.0097) were found to be associated with an increased risk of developing ICB among PD patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in dopamine [DRD1 (rs4532 and rs4867798) and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497] and glutamate (GRIN2B rs7301328) receptor genes confer increased risk of ICB development among PD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0316-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eng Liang Tan
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ameerah Jaafar
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Alex Xuen Lee
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hamdi Noor Abd Hamid
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fadlina Pakarul Razy
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shahrul Azmin
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Azlina Ahmad Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shen Yang Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Neurobiology and Genetics Group, Genetic and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kravitz AV, Tomasi D, LeBlanc KH, Baler R, Volkow ND, Bonci A, Ferré S. Cortico-striatal circuits: Novel therapeutic targets for substance use disorders. Brain Res 2015; 1628:186-98. [PMID: 25863130 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that substance use disorder (SUD) results from both pre-alterations (vulnerability) and/or post-alterations (drug effects) on cortico-striatal circuits. These circuits are essential for cognitive control, motivation, reward dependent learning, and emotional processing. As such, dysfunctions in cortico-striatal circuits are thought to relate to the core features of SUD, which include compulsive drug use, loss of the ability to control drug intake, and the emergence of negative emotional states (Koob and Volkow, 2010. Neuropsychopharmacology 35(1), 217-238). While the brain circuits underlying SUD have been studied in human patients largely through imaging studies, experiments in animals have allowed researchers to examine the specific cell-types within these circuits to reveal their role in behavior relevant to SUD. Here, we will review imaging studies on cortico-striatal systems that are altered in SUD, and describe animal experiments that relate SUD to specific neural projections and cell types within this circuitry. We will end with a discussion of novel clinical approaches such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and pharmacological targeting of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteromers that may provide promising avenues for modulating these circuits to combat SUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly H LeBlanc
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruben Baler
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sergi Ferré
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kang MG, Byun K, Kim JH, Park NH, Heinsen H, Ravid R, Steinbusch HW, Lee B, Park YM. Proteogenomics of the human hippocampus: The road ahead. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:788-97. [PMID: 25770686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most essential components of the human brain and plays an important role in learning and memory. The hippocampus has drawn great attention from scientists and clinicians due to its clinical importance in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-AD dementia, and epilepsy. Understanding the function of the hippocampus and related disease mechanisms requires comprehensive knowledge of the orchestration of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. The past decade has seen remarkable advances in the high-throughput sequencing techniques that are collectively called next generation sequencing (NGS). NGS enables the precise analysis of gene expression profiles in cells and tissues, allowing powerful and more feasible integration of expression data from the gene level to the protein level, even allowing "-omic" level assessment of PTMs. In addition, improved bioinformatics algorithms coupled with NGS technology are finally opening a new era for scientists to discover previously unidentified and elusive proteins. In the present review, we will focus mainly on the proteomics of the human hippocampus with an emphasis on the integrated analysis of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Finally, we will discuss our perspectives on the potential and future of proteomics in the field of hippocampal biology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in Neuroscience and Neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Goo Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyun Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Universität of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rivka Ravid
- Brain Bank Consultant, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W Steinbusch
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bonghee Lee
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Mok Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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Farré JM, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Aragay N, Mallorquí-Bague N, Ferrer V, More A, Bouman WP, Arcelus J, Savvidou LG, Penelo E, Aymamí MN, Gómez-Peña M, Gunnard K, Romaguera A, Menchón JM, Vallès V, Jiménez-Murcia S. Sex addiction and gambling disorder: similarities and differences. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 56:59-68. [PMID: 25459420 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the DSM-5 has developed a new diagnostic category named "Substance-related and Addictive Disorders". This category includes gambling disorder (GD) as the sole behavioral addiction, but does not include sex addiction (SA). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SA should be classified more closely to other behavioral addictions, via a comparison of the personality characteristics and comorbid psychopathology of individuals with SA with those of individuals with GD, which comes under the category of addiction and related disorders. METHOD The sample included 59 patients diagnosed with SA, who were compared to 2190 individuals diagnosed with GD and to 93 healthy controls. Assessment measures included the Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom CheckList-90 Items-Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the two clinical groups, except for socio-economic status. Although statistically significant differences were found between both clinical groups and controls for all scales on the SCL-90, no differences were found between the two clinical groups. The results were different for personality characteristics: logistic regression models showed that sex addictive behavior was predicted by a higher education level and by lower scores for TCI-R novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, persistence and self-transcendence. Being employed and lower scores in cooperativeness also tended to predict the presence of sex addiction. CONCLUSIONS While SA and GD share some psychopathological and personality traits that are not present in healthy controls, there are also some diagnostic-specific characteristics that differentiate between the two clinical groups. These findings may help to increase our knowledge of phenotypes existing in behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Farré
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Aragay
- Unitat d'Atenció al Joc Patològic i altres Addiccions no tòxiques, Àmbit d'Atenció a la Salut Mental, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mallorquí-Bague
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Ferrer
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A More
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W P Bouman
- The Nottingham Gender Clinic, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Arcelus
- The Nottingham Gender Clinic, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Leicester Eating Disorders Service, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - L G Savvidou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M N Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Gunnard
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Psicologia i Medicina Psicosomática Hospital Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Vallès
- Unitat d'Atenció al Joc Patològic i altres Addiccions no tòxiques, Àmbit d'Atenció a la Salut Mental, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2014; 76:42-51. [PMID: 25500252 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicated conflicting results about the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)/kinase domain containing 1 gene (ANKK1) TaqIA single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800497) and common illicit drug dependence risk including stimulants, opioid and marijuana. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence risk. METHOD A total of 25 available studies (26 subgroups) testing the association between the polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence were examined through Oct 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. RESULTS We found the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of opioid dependence under homozygote, dominant, and recessive genetic model, respectively (homozygote: OR=1.546, 95%CI=1.279-1.87; dominant: OR=1.265, 95%CI=1.055-1.516; recessive: OR=1.409, 95%CI=1.182-1.680). Subgroup analyses were similar to the results of the total population by ethnicity and quality score. Besides, we also found that Caucasian and low-quality studies were major sources of heterogeneity for opioid dependence. We failed to find any significant association between the polymorphism and stimulants or marijuana neither in total population nor subgroup analyses under any genetic model. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggested that DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism might be associated with opioid dependence risk, but not associated with stimulants or marijuana dependence.
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Fagundo AB, Fernández-Aranda F, de la Torre R, Verdejo-García A, Granero R, Penelo E, Gené M, Barrot C, Sánchez C, Alvarez-Moya E, Ochoa C, Aymamí MN, Gómez-Peña M, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Dopamine DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A and DAT1 VNTR polymorphisms are associated with a cognitive flexibility profile in pathological gamblers. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1170-7. [PMID: 25237117 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114551079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Like drug addiction, pathological gambling (PG) has been associated with impairments in executive functions and alterations in dopaminergic functioning; however, the role of dopamine (DA) in the executive profile of PG remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify whether the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A-rs1800497 and the DAT1-40 bp VNTR polymorphisms are associated with cognitive flexibility (measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test (TMT)) and inhibition response (measured by Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT)), in a clinical sample of 69 PG patients. Our results showed an association between DA functioning and cognitive flexibility performance. The Taq1A A1+ (A1A2/A1A1) genotype was associated with poorer TMT performance (p<0.05), while DAT1 9-repeat homozygotes displayed better WCST performance (p<0.05) than either 10-repeat homozygotes or heterozygotes. We did not find any association between the DRD2 or DAT1 polymorphisms and the inhibition response. These results suggested that pathological gamblers with genetic predispositions toward lower availability of DA and D2 receptor density are at a higher risk of cognitive flexibility difficulties. Future studies should aim to shed more light on the genetic mechanisms underlying the executive profile in PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fagundo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain Neuroscience Research Program, 'Del Mar' Hospital Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Red de Trastornos Adictivos [Network for Addictive Diseases], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Penelo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Gené
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Barrot
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Alvarez-Moya
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Ochoa
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERsam), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute], Barcelona, Spain School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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A selective role for dopamine D₄ receptors in modulating reward expectancy in a rodent slot machine task. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:817-24. [PMID: 24094512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive distortions regarding gambling outcomes confer vulnerability to pathological gambling. Using a rat slot machine task (rSMT), we previously demonstrated that the nonspecific D₂ agonist quinpirole enhances erroneous expectations of reward on near-miss trials, suggesting a pivotal role for the D₂ receptor family in mediating the near-miss effect. Identifying which receptor subtype is involved could facilitate treatment development for compulsive slot machine play. METHODS Thirty-two male Long Evans rats learned the rSMT. Three flashing lights could be set to on or off. A win was signaled if all three lights were set to on, whereas any other light pattern indicated a loss. Rats then chose between responding on the collect lever, which delivered 10 sugar pellets on win trials but a 10-second time penalty on loss trials, or to start a new trial instead. Performance was assessed following systemic administration of selective D₂, D₃, and D₄ receptor ligands. RESULTS The selective D₂ antagonist L-741,626, the D₃ antagonist SB-277011-A, and the D₃ agonist PD128,907 had no effect. In contrast, the selective D₄ agonist PD168077 partially mimicked quinpirole's effects, increasing erroneous collect responses on nonwin trials, whereas the D₄ antagonist L-745,870 improved the error rate. L-745,870 was also the only antagonist that could attenuate the deleterious effects of quinpirole. CONCLUSIONS The dopamine D₄ receptor is critically involved in signaling reward expectancy in the rSMT. The ability of L-745,870 to reduce the classification of losses as wins suggests that D₄ antagonists could be effective in treating problematic slot machine play.
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Chronic alcohol disrupts dopamine receptor activity and the cognitive function of the medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3706-18. [PMID: 24599469 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0623-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) exert powerful effects on cognition by modulating the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The present study examined the impact of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure on cognitive function and DA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the rat mPFC. Consistent with alterations in executive function in alcoholics, CIE-exposed rats exhibited deficits in behavioral flexibility in an operant set-shifting task. Since alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mPFC have been implicated in a number of behavioral disorders including addiction, studies were then performed in the adult acute slice preparation to examine changes in DA receptor function in the mPFC following CIE exposure. In slices obtained from control rats, DA receptor stimulation was observed to exert complex actions on neuronal firing and synaptic neurotransmission that were not only dependent upon the particular receptor subtype but also whether it was a pyramidal cell or a fast-spiking interneuron. In contrast to slices from control rats, there was a near complete loss of the modulatory actions of D2/D4 receptors on cell firing and neurotransmission in slices obtained immediately, 1 and 4 weeks after the last day of CIE exposure. This loss did not appear to be associated with changes in receptor expression. In contrast, CIE exposure did not alter D1 receptor function or mGluR1 modulation of firing. These studies are consistent with the suggestion that chronic alcohol exposure disrupts cognitive function at least in part through disruption of D2 and D4 receptor signaling in mPFC.
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Mehić-Basara N, Oruč L, Kapur-Pojskić L, Ramić J. Association of dopamine receptor gene polymorphism and psychological personality traits in liability for opioid addiction. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2014; 13:158-62. [PMID: 23988166 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2013.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a clear evidence that same psychoactive substance may cause various individual physiological reactions in same environmental conditions. Although there is a general attitude on equal liability to opioid addiction, latest genetic analysis findings imply there are certain quantifiable factors that could lead to elevated individual liability towards development of opioid addiction. The goal of this study was to investigate association of certain personality traits and genetic factors (separately and in combination) with heroin addiction. Total of 200 individuals participated in the study: 100 patients on Metadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) and 100 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. All were medically examined, interviewed and psychologically evaluated using Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and genotyped for DRD2 (rs1800497) using PCR-RFLP method. Overrepresentation of certain personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism and extraversion/ intraversion), together with environemental risk factors such as: upbringing within incomplete families and familial history of psychotropic substances abuse, are associated with high-risk development of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermana Mehić-Basara
- Public Institute for Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Sarajevo, Bolnička 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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