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Martins TJ, Parisi C, Pinto JG, Brambilla IDPR, Melilli B, Aleo D, Ferreira-Strixino J, Sortino S. Simultaneous photoactivation of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and nitric oxide with fluorescence reporting. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7626-7634. [PMID: 39005154 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The achievement of smart pharmaceuticals whose bioactivity can be spatiotemporally controlled by light stimuli is known as photopharmacology, an emerging area aimed at improving the therapeutic outcome and minimizing side effects. This is especially attractive for antibiotics, for which the inevitable development of multidrug resistance and the dwindling of new clinically approved drugs represent the main drawbacks. Here, we show that nitrosation of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin (NF), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, leads to the nitrosated bioconjugate NF-NO, which is inactive at the typical minimum inhibitory concentration of NF. Irradiation of NF-NO with visible blue light triggers the simultaneous release of NF and nitric oxide (NO). The photouncaging process is accompanied by the revival of the typical fluorescence emission of NF, quenched in NF-NO, which acts as an optical reporter. This permits the real-time monitoring of the photouncaging process, even within bacteria cells where antibacterial activity is switched on exclusively upon light irradiation. The mechanism of photorelease seems to occur through a two-step hopping electron transfer mediated by the lowest triplet state of NF-NO and the phosphate buffer ions or aminoacids such as tyrosine. Considering the well-known role of NO as an "unconventional" antibacterial, the NF-NO conjugate may represent a potential bimodal antibacterial weapon activatable on demand with high spatio-temporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia J Martins
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125, Italy.
| | - Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125, Italy.
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova I-2911, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Aleo
- MEDIVIS S.r.l., Tremestieri Etneo, 95030 Catania, Italy
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova I-2911, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125, Italy.
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2
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Dolai A, Bhunia S, Jana SK, Bera S, Mandal S, Samanta S. Photoisomerization and Light-Controlled Antibacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone-Azoisoxazole Hybrids. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300851. [PMID: 38409655 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Photopharmacology holds a huge untapped potential to locally treat diseases involving photoswitchable drugs via the elimination of drugs' off-target effects. The growth of this field has created a pressing demand to develop such light-active drugs. We explored the potential for creating photoswitchable antibiotic hybrids by attaching pharmacophores norfloxacin/ciprofloxacin and azoisoxazole (photoswitch). All compounds exhibited a moderate to a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, long thermal cis half-lives, and impressive photoresistance. Gram-negative pathogens were found to be insensitive to these hybrids, while against Gram-positive pathogens, all hybrids in their trans states exhibited antibacterial activity that is comparable to that of the parent drugs. Notably, the toxicity of the irradiated hybrid 6 was found to be 2-fold lower than the nonirradiated trans isomer, indicating that the pre-inactivated cis-enriched drug can be employed for the site-specific treatment of bacterial infection using light, which could potentially eliminate the unwanted exposure of toxic antibiotics to both beneficial and untargeted harmful microbes in our body. Molecular docking revealed different binding affinity of the cis and trans isomers with the topoisomerase IV enzyme, due to their different shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
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3
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Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
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4
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Bhunia S, Jana SK, Sarkar S, Das A, Mandal S, Samanta S. Direct Growth Control of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Using Visible-Light-Responsive Novel Photoswitchable Antibiotics. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303685. [PMID: 38217466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the discovery of new (modified) potent antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance, there is a critical need to develop novel strategies that would restrict their off-target effects and unnecessary exposure to bacteria in our body and environment. We report a set of new photoswitchable arylazopyrazole-modified norfloxacin antibiotics that present a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, impressive fatigue resistance and reasonably high cis half-lives. The irradiated isomers of most compounds were found to exhibit nearly equal or higher antibacterial activity than norfloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, against norfloxacin-resistant S. aureus bacteria, the visible-light-responsive p-SMe-substituted derivative showed remarkably high antimicrobial potency (MIC of 0.25 μg/mL) in the irradiated state, while the potency was reduced by 24-fold in case of its non-irradiated state. The activity was estimated to be retained for more than 7 hours. This is the first report to demonstrate direct photochemical control of the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and to show the highest activity difference between irradiated and non-irradiated states of a photoswitchable antibiotic. Additionally, both isomers were found to be non-harmful to human cells. Molecular modellings were performed to identify the underlying reason behind the high-affinity binding of the irradiated isomer to topoisomerase IV enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumik Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
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5
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Bhunia S, Das A, Jana SK, Mandal S, Samanta S. Photoswitchable Antibiotic Hybrids: Spacer Length-Dependent Photochemical Control of Antibacterial Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:92-98. [PMID: 38111208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology holds huge potential for the permanent (long-term) eradication of antibiotic resistance by the application of photoswitchable antibiotics. To construct such antibiotics, various methods have been employed to modify known antibiotics with photoswitches, such that the irradiated state shows activity comparable to or higher than that of the parent antibiotic and that a large activity difference between irradiated and nonirradiated states is achieved. However, most of those methods are ineffective when dealing with more than one drug with dissimilar structures. Here, we have demonstrated a new approach, in which two pharmacophores, one being a photoswitch, are covalently linked via a spacer of variable lengths, leading to a set of azopyrazole-norfloxacin antibiotic hybrids. All compounds showed a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, long thermal cis half-lives, and excellent photoresistance. Notably, the hybrid with an optimal four-carbon spacer length enabled the irradiated state to become 12-fold more potent than its nonirradiated state without losing much antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin. Only Gram-positive bacteria were found to be sensitive to this hybrid, and the full antibacterial potency of its irradiated state was found to be retained for nearly 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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Zou S, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang B, Tang H, Xue Y, Zheng Y. Properties and biotechnological applications of microbial deacetylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12613-1. [PMID: 37326683 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deacetylases, a class of enzymes that can catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylated substrates to remove the acetyl group, used in producing various products with high qualities, are one of the most influential industrial enzymes. These enzymes are highly specific, non-toxic, sustainable, and eco-friendly biocatalysts. Deacetylases and deacetylated compounds have been widely applicated in pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, and the environment. This review synthetically summarizes deacetylases' sources, characterizations, classifications, and applications. Moreover, the typical structural characteristics of deacetylases from different microbial sources are summarized. We also reviewed the deacetylase-catalyzed reactions for producing various deacetylated compounds, such as chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS), mycothiol, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), glucosamines, amino acids, and polyamines. It is aimed to expound on the advantages and challenges of deacetylases in industrial applications. Moreover, it also serves perspectives on obtaining promising and innovative biocatalysts for enzymatic deacetylation. KEYPOINTS: • The fundamental properties of microbial deacetylases of various microorganisms are presented. • The biochemical characterizations, structures, and catalyzation mechanisms of microbial deacetylases are summarized. • The applications of microbial deacetylases in food, pharmaceutical, medicine, and the environment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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7
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Velema WA. Exploring antibiotic resistance with chemical tools. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6148-6158. [PMID: 37039397 PMCID: PMC10194278 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an enormous problem that is accountable for over a million deaths annually, with numbers expected to significantly increase over the coming decades. Although some of the underlying causes leading up to antibiotic resistance are well understood, many of the molecular processes involved remain elusive. To better appreciate at a molecular level how resistance emerges, customized chemical biology tools can offer a solution. This Feature Article attempts to provide an overview of the wide variety of tools that have been developed over the last decade, by highlighting some of the more illustrative examples. These include the use of fluorescent, photoaffinity and activatable antibiotics and bacterial components to start to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance. The antibiotic crisis is an eminent global threat and requires the continuous development of creative chemical tools to dissect and ultimately counteract resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem A Velema
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sarabando SN, Palmeira A, Sousa ME, Faustino MAF, Monteiro CJP. Photomodulation Approaches to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:682. [PMID: 37242465 PMCID: PMC10221556 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an approach that aims to be an alternative to classical chemotherapy. Herein, the different classes of photoswitches and photocleavage compounds and their biological applications are described. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) containing azobenzene moieties (PHOTACs) and photocleavable protecting groups (photocaged PROTACs) are also mentioned. Furthermore, porphyrins are referenced as successful photoactive compounds in a clinical context, such as in the photodynamic therapy of tumours as well as preventing antimicrobial resistance, namely in bacteria. Porphyrins combining photoswitches and photocleavage systems are highlighted, taking advantage of both photopharmacology and photodynamic action. Finally, porphyrins with antibacterial activity are described, taking advantage of the synergistic effect of photodynamic treatment and antibiotic therapy to overcome bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N. Sarabando
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Hou QQ, Huang QT, Xu Q, Zhou C, Du YY, Ji YF, Xu ZP, Cheng JG, Zhao CQ, Li Z, Shao XS. Synthesis and activity-detection of photoswitchable ligands with fipronil to insect. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1086-1093. [PMID: 36334017 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAR) in an insect is the major inhibitory receptor and is one of the most important targets for insecticides. Due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of GABAR, the photopharmacological ligands acting on it in vertebrates but not insect have been developed. RESULTS In this study, two types of photochromic ligands (PCLs) including DTFIPs (DTFIP1 and DTFIP2) and ABFIPs (p-, m-, and o-ABFIP) were synthesized by incorporating photoswitch azobenzene or dithienylethene into fipronil (FIP), which is the antagonist of insect GABAR. Their photomodulation was measured by mosquito larval behavior, and their potential action mechanism was explored by the two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) technique in vitro. DTFIP1 and m-ABFIP exhibited the most significant difference of insecticidal activity by about 90- and 5-fold to mosquito larvae between non-irradiated and irradiated formation, respectively, and allowed for optical control of mosquito swimming activity. TEVC assay results indicated that m-ABFIP and DTFIP1 enable optical control over the homomeric LsRDL-type GABAR, which is achieved by regulating the chloride channel of resistance to dieldrin (RDL)-type GABAR by photoisomerization. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that PCLs synthesized from fipronil provide an alternative and precise tool for studying insect ionotropic GABARs and GABA-dependent behavior. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Tang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fan Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Gao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Sheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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10
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Du G, Fu J, Zheng Y, Hu F, Shen X, Li B, Zhao X, Yu Z. A facile and light-controllable drug combination for enhanced photopharmacology. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1021-1026. [PMID: 36607248 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of creating cyclic azobenzene/azobenzene-based photo-switchable drugs that can fine-tune antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with light dependence. Furthermore, a "light-controlled drug combination" of these obtained drugs could be reversibly controlled to efficiently improve the antibiotic effect so as to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with different wavelength light illumination. Importantly, their antimicrobial activity could be easily manipulated by using light in bacterial patterning studies with high spatiotemporal precision, which might allow for localized activation of drugs and provide an alternative solution for practical clinical application in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Du
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jielin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Baolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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11
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Kozlenko AS, Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Lukyanova MB, El-Sewify IM, Lukyanov BS. A Modern Look at Spiropyrans: From Single Molecules to Smart Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:8. [PMID: 36624333 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds of the spiropyran family have two main isomers capable of inter-switching with UV or visible light. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in the synthesis, investigation of properties, and applications of spiropyran derivatives. Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, and mechanical stress. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of molecules, their influence on photochromic properties, and the reactions taking place during isomerization, as the understanding of the structure-property relationships will rationalize the synthesis of compounds with predetermined characteristics. The main prospects for applications of spiropyrans in such fields as smart material production, molecular electronics and nanomachinery, sensing of environmental and biological molecules, and photopharmacology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Islam M El-Sewify
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
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12
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Testolin G, Richter J, Ritter A, Prochnow H, Köhnke J, Brönstrup M. Optical Modulation of Antibiotic Resistance by Photoswitchable Cystobactamids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201297. [PMID: 35771231 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance causes a serious health care problem, and its counterfeit demands novel, innovative concepts. The combination of photopharmacology, enabling a light-controlled reversible modulation of drug activity, with antibiotic drug design has led to first photoswitchable antibiotic compounds derived from established scaffolds. In this study, we converted cystobactamids, gyrase-inhibiting natural products with an oligoaryl scaffold and highly potent antibacterial activities, into photoswitchable agents by inserting azobenzene in the N-terminal part and/or an acylhydrazone moiety near the C-terminus, yielding twenty analogs that contain mono- as well as double-switches. Antibiotic and gyrase inhibition properties could be modulated 3.4-fold and 5-fold by light, respectively. Notably, the sensitivity of photoswitchable cystobactamids towards two known resistance factors, the peptidase AlbD and the scavenger protein AlbA, was light-dependent. While irradiation of an analog with an N-terminal azobenzene with 365 nm light led to less degradation by AlbD, the AlbA-mediated inactivation was induced. This provides a proof-of-principle that resistance towards photoswitchable antibiotics can be optically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Testolin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Richter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antje Ritter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans Prochnow
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University, 30159, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Paolino M, Saletti M, Reale A, Licciardi M, Varvarà P, Marquette A, Léonard J, Bonechi C, Donati A, Giorgi G, Giuliani G, Carlotti B, Ortica F, Latterini L, Gentile M, Paccagnini E, Olivucci M, Cappelli A. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a Visible-Light-Sensitive Molecular Switch and Its PEGylation Towards a Self-Assembling Molecule. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201477. [PMID: 35695822 PMCID: PMC9541190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
HBDI-like chromophores represent a novel set of biomimetic switches mimicking the fluorophore of the green fluorescent protein that are currently studied with the hope to expand the molecular switch/motor toolbox. However, until now members capable of absorbing visible light in their neutral (i. e. non-anionic) form have not been reported. In this contribution we report the preparation of an HBDI-like chromophore based on a 3-phenylbenzofulvene scaffold capable of absorbing blue light and photoisomerizing on the picosecond timescale. More specifically, we show that double-bond photoisomerization occurs in both the E-to-Z and Z-to-E directions and that these can be controlled by irradiating with blue and UV light, respectively. Finally, as a preliminary applicative result, we report the incorporation of the chromophore in an amphiphilic molecule and demonstrate the formation of a visible-light-sensitive nanoaggregated state in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di PalermoVia Archirafi 3290123PalermoItaly
| | - Paola Varvarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di PalermoVia Archirafi 3290123PalermoItaly
| | - Arnaud Marquette
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de StrasbourgUniversité de StrasbourgCNRS UMR7504StrasbourgFrance
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de StrasbourgUniversité de StrasbourgCNRS UMR7504StrasbourgFrance
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Alessandro Donati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Fausto Ortica
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Mariangela Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze della VitaUniversità degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro53100SienaItaly
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della VitaUniversità degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro53100SienaItaly
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
- Chemistry DepartmentBowling Green State University43403Bowling GreenOHUSA) ok
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022)Università degli Studi di SienaVia A. Moro 253100SienaItaly
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14
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DFT modeling of indoline spiropyrans with a cationic substituent in the gas phase. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Schulte AM, Alachouzos G, Szymański W, Feringa BL. Strategy for Engineering High Photolysis Efficiency of Photocleavable Protecting Groups through Cation Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12421-12430. [PMID: 35775744 PMCID: PMC9284546 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photolabile protecting
groups (PPGs) enable the precise activation
of molecular function with light in many research areas, such as photopharmacology,
where remote spatiotemporal control over the release of a molecule
is needed. The design and application of PPGs in recent years have
particularly focused on the development of molecules with high molar
absorptivity at long irradiation wavelengths. However, a crucial parameter,
which is pivotal to the efficiency of uncaging and which has until
now proven highly challenging to improve, is the photolysis quantum
yield (QY). Here, we describe a novel and general approach to greatly
increase the photolysis QY of heterolytic PPGs through stabilization
of an intermediate chromophore cation. When applied to coumarin PPGs,
our strategy resulted in systems possessing an up to a 35-fold increase
in QY and a convenient fluorescent readout during their uncaging,
all while requiring the same number of synthetic steps for their preparation
as the usual coumarin systems. We demonstrate that the same QY engineering
strategy applies to different photolysis payloads and even different
classes of PPGs. Furthermore, analysis of the DFT-calculated energy
barriers in the first singlet excited state reveals valuable insights
into the important factors that determine photolysis efficiency. The
strategy reported herein will enable the development of efficient
PPGs tailored for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Schulte
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Eikemo V, Holmelid B, Sydnes LK, Sydnes MO. Photodegradable Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis and Mechanism of Degradation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8034-8047. [PMID: 35653169 PMCID: PMC9207920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
As a strategy to
inactivate antimicrobial agents after use, we
designed a range of ethanolamine derivatives where four of them possessed
interesting activity. The ethanolamine moiety facilitates photodecomposition,
which in a potential drug will take place after use. Herein, the synthetic
preparation of these compounds and the mechanism of photoinactivation
are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vebjørn Eikemo
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger NO-4036, Norway
| | - Bjarte Holmelid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen NO-5007, Norway
| | - Leiv K Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen NO-5007, Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger NO-4036, Norway
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17
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Zhang H, Qi Y, Zhao X, Li M, Wang R, Cheng H, Li Z, Guo H, Li Z. Dithienylethene-Bridged Fluoroquinolone Derivatives for Imaging-Guided Reversible Control of Antibacterial Activity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7446-7455. [PMID: 35608344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of photopharmacology has offered a promising alternative to guard against the bacterial resistance by effectively avoiding antibiotic accumulation in the body or environment. However, the degradation, toxicity, and thermal reversibility have always been an ongoing concern for potential applications of azobenzene-based photopharmacology. Developing novel photopharmacological agents based on a more matched switch is highly in demand and remains a major challenge. Herein, two novel dithienylethene-bridged dual-fluoroquinolone derivatives have been developed by introducing two fluoroquinolone drugs into both ends of the dithienylethene (DTE) switch, in which the fluoroquinolone acts as a fluorophore except for the pharmacodynamic component. For comparison, two monofluoroquinolone-DTE hybrids were also prepared by a similar strategy. As expected, these resultant DTE-based antibacterial agents displayed efficient photochromism and fluorescence switching behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, improved antibacterial activities compared to those of monofluoroquinolone derivatives and a maximum fourfold active difference against Escherichia coli (E. coli) for open and closed isomers and photoswitchable bacterial imaging for Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were observed. The molecular docking to DNA gyrase gave a rationale for the discrepancies in antibacterial activity for both isomers. Therefore, these fluoroquinolone derivatives can act as interesting imaging-guided photopharmacological agents for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yueheng Qi
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Zhao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Manman Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Cheng
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
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18
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Zhu Y, Li P, Liu C, Jia M, Luo Y, He D, Liao C, Zhang S. Azobenzene quaternary ammonium salt for photo-controlled and reusable disinfection without drug resistance. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Kobauri P, Galenkamp NS, Schulte AM, de Vries J, Simeth NA, Maglia G, Thallmair S, Kolarski D, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Hypothesis-Driven, Structure-Based Design in Photopharmacology: The Case of eDHFR Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4798-4817. [PMID: 35258959 PMCID: PMC8958501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photopharmacology
uses light to regulate the biological activity
of drugs. This precise control is obtained through the incorporation
of molecular photoswitches into bioactive molecules. A major challenge
for photopharmacology is the rational design of photoswitchable drugs
that show light-induced activation. Computer-aided drug design is
an attractive approach toward more effective, targeted design. Herein,
we critically evaluated different structure-based approaches for photopharmacology
with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR)
as a case study. Through the iterative examination of our hypotheses,
we progressively tuned the design of azobenzene-based, photoswitchable
eDHFR inhibitors in five design–make–switch–test–analyze
cycles. Targeting a hydrophobic subpocket of the enzyme and a specific
salt bridge only with the thermally metastable cis-isomer emerged as the most promising design strategy. We identified
three inhibitors that could be activated upon irradiation and reached
potencies in the low-nanomolar range. Above all, this systematic study
provided valuable insights for future endeavors toward rational photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piermichele Kobauri
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Galenkamp
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Schulte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jisk de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dušan Kolarski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,DWI-Leibniz Institut für interaktive Materialien e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Qiao Z, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu Z, Shao X. Azobenzene-isoxazoline as photopharmacological ligand for optical control of insect GABA receptor and behavior. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:467-474. [PMID: 34516709 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photopharmacology is a fast-growing photonics-based technology, which realizes the high-resolution regulation of drugs in time and space through light. The purpose of this research was to introduce photochromic groups into the isoxazoline structure to realize the regulation of γ-Aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) targeting insect behavior. RESULTS Azobenzene-Fluralaner analogs ABF02, ABF03 and ABF04 have been proven to have larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae. Cis-ABF03 had excellent larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with a median lethal concentration (LC50 ) value of 1.63, which was better than that of trans-ABF03 (LC50 = 3.90). In particular, ABF03 also showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata. Further experiments showed that ABF03 (1 μm) induced depolarization of dorsal unpaired median neurons after ultraviolet light irradiation, enhanced affinity to the receptor, and blocked ligand-gated chloride channels of GABARs. ABF03 (1 μm) realized the real-time photoregulation of the behavior of mosquito larvae, which indicated that the synthesized ligand can complete the binding and off-target action of drugs and targets in vivo under the regulation of light. CONCLUSION Azobenzene-Isoxazoline as photopharmacological ligand was synthesized and evaluated for optical control of insect GABARs and behavior for the first time. ABF03 completed the differential regulation of cockroach neurons and the real-time reversible regulation of insect behavior. The establishment of photochromic ligands provides a new strategy for basic and convenience-oriented research on GABARs in invertebrates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfan Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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21
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Qiao Z, Fu W, Zhang Y, Chen R, Xu Z, Li Z, Shao X. Azobenzene-Semicarbazone Enables Optical Control of Insect Sodium Channels and Behavior. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15554-15561. [PMID: 34905925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology uses molecular photoswitches to establish control over the action of bioactive molecules. The application of photopharmacology in the research of invertebrate sodium channels has not been investigated. Here we report several photochromic ligands of metaflumizone. One ligand, termed ABM04, underwent reversible trans-cis isomerization under ultraviolet or blue light irradiation. cis-ABM04 had excellent larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LC50 value of 4.39 μM and showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata with an LC50 value of 7.19 μM. However, trans-ABM04 was not found to have biological activity. ABM04 (10 μM) can induce depolarization of dorsal unpaired median neurons and enable the real-time photoregulation of mosquito larval behavior. The precise regulation of invertebrate sodium channels is realized for the first time, which provides a new strategy for the basic and accurate research of invertebrate sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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23
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Eikemo V, Sydnes LK, Sydnes MO. Photodegradable antimicrobial agents - synthesis, photodegradation, and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32339-32345. [PMID: 35495489 PMCID: PMC9042229 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06324c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are already a significant health-care problem and are making the combat of infections quite challenging. Here we report the synthesis of several new compounds containing an ethanolamine moiety, of which two exhibit promising antimicrobial activity (at the 6 μM level). All the compounds are degraded when exposed to light and form inactive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vebjørn Eikemo
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger NO-4036 Stavanger Norway
| | - Leiv K Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen NO-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger NO-4036 Stavanger Norway
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25
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Just‐Baringo X, Yeste‐Vázquez A, Moreno‐Morales J, Ballesté‐Delpierre C, Vila J, Giralt E. Controlling Antibacterial Activity Exclusively with Visible Light: Introducing a Tetra-ortho-Chloro-Azobenzene Amino Acid. Chemistry 2021; 27:12987-12991. [PMID: 34227716 PMCID: PMC8518743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a novel tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene amino acid (CEBA) has enabled photoswitching of the antimicrobial activity of tyrocidine A analogues by using exclusively visible light, granting spatiotemporal control under benign conditions. Compounds bearing this photoswitchable amino acid become active upon irradiation with red light, but quickly turn-off upon exposure to other visible light wavelengths. Critically, sunlight quickly triggers isomerisation of the red light-activated compounds into their original trans form, offering an ideal platform for self-deactivation upon release into the environment. Linear analogues of tyrocidine A were found to provide the best photocontrol of their antimicrobial activity, leading to compounds active against Acinetobacter baumannii upon isomerisation. Exploration of their N- and C-termini has provided insights into key elements of their structure and has allowed obtaining new antimicrobials displaying excellent strain selectivity and photocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just‐Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
- Laboratori de Química OrgànicaFacultat de FarmàciaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandro Yeste‐Vázquez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Moreno‐Morales
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Jordi Vila
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)Hospital Clínic - Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology – CDBHospital Clínic - University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 1008028BarcelonaSpain
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26
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Khan MN, Parmar DK, Das D. Recent Applications of Azo Dyes: A Paradigm Shift from Medicinal Chemistry to Biomedical Sciences. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1071-1084. [PMID: 33231147 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201123210025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azo molecules possess the characteristic azo bond (-N=N-) and are considered fascinating motifs in organic chemistry. Since the last century, these brightly colored compounds have been widely employed as dyes across several industries in applications for printing, food, paper, cosmetics, lasers, electronics, optics, material sciences, etc. The discovery of Prontosil, an antibacterial drug, propelled azo compounds into the limelight in the field of medicinal chemistry. Subsequent discoveries including Phenazopyridine, Basalazide, and Sulfasalazine enabled azo compounds to occupy a significant role in the drug market. Furthermore, azo compounds have been employed as antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, antioxidant, as well as antiviral agents. The metabolic degradation of many azo dyes can induce liver problems if ingested, posing a safety concern and limiting their application as azo dyes in medicinal chemistry. However, azo dyes remain particularly significant for applications in cancer chemotherapy. Recently, a paradigm shift has been observed in the use of azo dyes: from medicinal chemistry to biomedical sciences. The latter benefits from azo dye application are related to imaging, drug delivery, photo-pharmacology and photo switching. Herein, we have compiled and discussed recent works on azo dye compounds obtained so far, focusing on their medicinal importance and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, RK University, Rajkot, Gujrat-360020, India
| | - Digvijaysinh K Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, Education Hub, Kevdi, Diu college, DHES, Diu (U.T.) - 362520, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Discovery Chemistry Research, ArromaxPharmatech Co. Ltd. Sangtian Island Innovation Park, No. 1 Huayun Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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27
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Schultzke S, Walther M, Staubitz A. Active Ester Functionalized Azobenzenes as Versatile Building Blocks. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133916. [PMID: 34206950 PMCID: PMC8272017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are important molecular switches that can still be difficult to functionalize selectively. A high yielding Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling method under mild conditions for the introduction of NHS esters to azobenzenes and diazocines has been established. Yields were consistently high with very few exceptions. The NHS functionalized azobenzenes react with primary amines quantitatively. These amines are ubiquitous in biological systems and in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schultzke
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Melanie Walther
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-421-218-63210
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28
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Paternò GM, Bondelli G, Lanzani G. Bringing Microbiology to Light: Toward All-Optical Electrophysiology in Bacteria. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:136-142. [PMID: 34476389 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of neuron-like behavior in bacteria, such as the occurrence of electric spiking and extended bioelectric signaling, points to the role of membrane dynamics in prokaryotes. Electrophysiology of bacteria, however, has been overlooked for long time, due to the difficulties in monitoring bacterial bioelectric phenomena with those probing techniques that are commonly used for eukaryotes. Optical technologies can allow a paradigm shift in the field of electrophysiology of bacteria, as they would permit to elicit and monitor signaling rapidly, remotely, and with high spatiotemporal precision. In this perspective, we discuss about the potentiality of light interrogation methods in microbiology, encouraging the development of all-optical electrophysiology of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Bondelli
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy.,Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy.,Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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29
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Lauxen AI, Kobauri P, Wegener M, Hansen MJ, Galenkamp NS, Maglia G, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Kuipers OP. Mechanism of Resistance Development in E. coli against TCAT, a Trimethoprim-Based Photoswitchable Antibiotic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050392. [PMID: 33919397 PMCID: PMC8143356 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a continuous rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens has threatened antibiotic efficacy. To tackle this key challenge, novel antimicrobial therapies are needed with increased specificity for the site of infection. Photopharmacology could enable such specificity by allowing for the control of antibiotic activity with light, as exemplified by trans/cis-tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene-trimethoprim (TCAT) conjugates. Resistance development against the on (irradiated, TCATa) and off (thermally adapted, TCATd) states of TCAT were compared to that of trimethoprim (TMP) in Escherichia coli mutant strain CS1562. Genomics and transcriptomics were used to explore the acquired resistance. Although TCAT shows TMP-like dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition in vitro, transcriptome analyses show different responses in acquired resistance. Resistance against TCATa (on) relies on the production of exopolysaccharides and overexpression of TolC. While resistance against TCATd (off) follows a slightly different gene expression profile, both indicate hampering the entrance of the molecule into the cell. Conversely, resistance against TMP is based on alterations in cell metabolism towards a more persister-like phenotype, as well as alteration of expression levels of enzymes involved in the folate biosynthesis. This study provides a deeper understanding of the development of new therapeutic strategies and the consequences on resistance development against photopharmacological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Lauxen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Piermichele Kobauri
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Michael Wegener
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Nicole S. Galenkamp
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
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30
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Hou D, Wang R, Wang Z, Yang G, Xu Z, Zeng Q, Chen Y. A light-activatable antibiotic with high activation efficiency and uncompromised bactericidal potency in the activated state. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-021-00051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Achieving activatable antibiotics represents one promising solution to tackle the occurrence of side effects, one major issue now plaguing antibiotic usage in collagen-based biomaterials. Despite considerable effort, however, rationale design of activatable antibiotics that display high activation efficiency and uncompromised bactericidal potency in the activated state remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate a design principle that helps to address this challenge. This strategy differs from previous attempts by underscoring photolytic removal of a functionality directly conjugated to the pharmacophore of an antibiotic, enabling not only an activation efficiency significantly improved beyond previous light-activatable antibiotics, but also bactericidal activity in the activated state as potent as the parent drug.
Graphical abstract
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31
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Shchelik IS, Tomio A, Gademann K. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Light-Activated Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:681-692. [PMID: 33656844 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal control of bioactivity of small molecules by light (photopharmacology) constitutes a promising approach for study of biological processes and ultimately for the treatment of diseases. In this study, we investigated two different "caged" antibiotic classes that can undergo remote activation with UV-light at λ = 365 nm, via the conjugation of deactivating and photocleavable units through a short synthetic sequence. The two widely used antibiotics vancomycin and cephalosporin were thus enhanced in their performance by rendering them photoresponsive and thereby suppressing undesired off-site activity. The antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 could be spatiotemporally controlled with light. Both molecular series displayed a good activity window. The vancomycin derivative displayed excellent values against Gram-positive strains after uncaging, and the next-generation caged cephalosporin derivative achieved good and broad activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains after photorelease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S. Shchelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tomio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Zeng S, Zhang H, Shen Z, Huang W. Photopharmacology of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: A New Frontier for Drug Discovery. Front Chem 2021; 9:639176. [PMID: 33777902 PMCID: PMC7987681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an emerging field that uses light to precisely control drug activity. This strategy promises to improve drug specificity for reducing off-target effects. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an advanced technology engineered to degrade pathogenic proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system for disease treatment. This approach has the potential to target the undruggable proteome via event-driven pharmacology. Recently, the combination strategy of photopharmacology and PROTACs has gained tremendous momentum for its use in the discovery and development of new therapies. This review systematically focuses on PROTAC-based photopharmacology. Herein, we provide an overview of the new and vibrant research on photoPROTACs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach as a biological tool, and outline the challenges it faces in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Simeth NA, Kinateder T, Rajendran C, Nazet J, Merkl R, Sterner R, König B, Kneuttinger AC. Towards Photochromic Azobenzene-Based Inhibitors for Tryptophan Synthase. Chemistry 2021; 27:2439-2451. [PMID: 33078454 PMCID: PMC7898615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light regulation of drug molecules has gained growing interest in biochemical and pharmacological research in recent years. In addition, a serious need for novel molecular targets of antibiotics has emerged presently. Herein, the development of a photocontrollable, azobenzene-based antibiotic precursor towards tryptophan synthase (TS), an essential metabolic multienzyme complex in bacteria, is presented. The compound exhibited moderately strong inhibition of TS in its E configuration and five times lower inhibition strength in its Z configuration. A combination of biochemical, crystallographic, and computational analyses was used to characterize the inhibition mode of this compound. Remarkably, binding of the inhibitor to a hitherto-unconsidered cavity results in an unproductive conformation of TS leading to noncompetitive inhibition of tryptophan production. In conclusion, we created a promising lead compound for combatting bacterial diseases, which targets an essential metabolic enzyme, and whose inhibition strength can be controlled with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kinateder
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Chitra Rajendran
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Julian Nazet
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute for Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Andrea C. Kneuttinger
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical BiochemistryRegensburg Center for BiochemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
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34
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Synthesis, optical properties and in vitro cell viability of novel spiropyrans and their photostationary states. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Ozhogin IV, Zolotukhin PV, Mukhanov EL, Rostovtseva IA, Makarova NI, Tkachev VV, Beseda DK, Metelitsa AV, Lukyanov BS. Novel molecular hybrids of indoline spiropyrans and α-lipoic acid as potential photopharmacological agents: Synthesis, structure, photochromic and biological properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 31:127709. [PMID: 33242575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic photochromic compounds are attracting great interest as photoswitchable components of various bioconjugates for using in photopharmacology, targeted drug delivery and bio-imaging. Here we report on the synthesis of two novel molecular hybrids of indoline spiropyrans and alpha-lipoic acid via an esterification reaction. Preliminary photochemical studies revealed photochromic activity of 5-methoxy-substituted spirocompounds in their acetonitrile solutions. Both hybrid spiropyrans along with their parent substances in the hybrids were tested for the short-term cytotoxicity on HeLa cell cultures. The results of cytotoxicity studies showed unpredictable biocompatibility of the hybrids in comparison with the parent hydroxyl-substituted spiropyrans and α-lipoic acid, especially at the relatively high concentration of 2 mM. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that the both hybrids induced antioxidant response in the model cells. After the 24 h treatment, the hybrids administered at lower (500 µM) concentration caused suppressed cytosolic ROS and/or induced cellular thiols. At higher concentration, one of the hybrids demonstrated properties qualitatively similar to alpha-lipoic acid, yet far more strong. Together, flow cytometry results suggested that both hybrids of spiropyrans possess emergent biochemical and signaling antioxidant properties, exceeding those of alpha-lipoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | - Peter V Zolotukhin
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene L Mukhanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Rostovtseva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda I Makarova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Tkachev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akad. Semenova Ave., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Darya K Beseda
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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Wang L, Chen M, Xia S, Xu Z, Li Y, Shao X. Azobenzene-diamides as Photopharmacological Ligands for Insect Ryanodine Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14409-14416. [PMID: 33252227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive ligands are powerful tool compounds for studying receptor function with spatiotemporal resolution. However, to the best of our knowledge, such a ligand is not available for the ryanodine receptor (RyR). Herein, we present a photochromic ligand (PCL) for insect RyR by decorating chlorantraniliprole (CHL) with photoswitchable azobenzene (AB). We demonstrated that one potent ligand, named ABCHL13, shows light-induced reversible trans-cis isomerization and 3.5-fold insecticidal activity decrease toward oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) after UV-light irradiation, that is, trans-ABCH13 has higher activity than the cis-ABCH13. ABCHL13 enables optical control over intracellular Ca2+ release in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons of M. separata and American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and cardiac function of P. americana. Our results provide a first photopharmacological toolkit that is applicable to light-dependent regulation of RyR and heart beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shanshan Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Sharma V, Rana R, Baksi R, Borse SP, Nivsarkar M. Light-controlled calcium signalling in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Identifying ways to reduce the burden of prostate cancer (Pca) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a top research priority. It is a typical entanglement seen in men which is portrayed by trouble in micturition. It stands as a significant problem in our society. Different molecular biomarker has high potential to treat Pca or BPH but also causes serious side effects during treatment.
Main text
The role of calcium signalling in the alteration of different biomarkers of Pca or BPH is important. Therefore, the photoswitch drugs may hold the potential to rebalance the altered calcium signaling cascade and the biomarker levels. Thereby play a significant role in the management of Pca and BPH. Online literature searches such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were carried out. The search terms used for this review were photo-pharmacology, photo-switch drug, photodynamic therapy, calcium signalling, etc. Present treatment of Pca or BPH shows absence of selectivity and explicitness which may additionally result in side effects. The new condition of the calcium flagging may offer promising outcomes in restoring the present issues related with prostate malignancy and BPH treatment.
Conclusion
The light-switching calcium channel blockers aim to solve this issue by incorporating photo-switchable calcium channel blockers that may control the signalling pathway related to proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer without any side effects.
Graphical abstract
Schematic diagram explaining the proposed role of photo-switch therapy in curbing the side effects of active drugs in Pca (prostate cancer) and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). a) Delivery of medication by ordinary strategies and irreversible phototherapy causes side effects during treatment. Utilization of photo-switch drug to control the dynamic and inert condition of the medication can cause the medication impacts as we required in prostate cancer and BPH. b) Support of harmony between the calcium signaling is essential to guarantee ordinary physiology. Increment or abatement in the dimensions of calcium signaling can result in changed physiology. c) Major factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPH; downregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) can prevent BPH. Similarly, downregulation of α-1 adrenoceptor can reduce muscle contraction, while overexpression of β-3 adrenoceptor in BPH can promote further muscle relaxation in BPH treatment therapy. Inhibition of overexpressed biomarkers in BPH TRPM2-1: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; TRPM2-2: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Androgens; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; TGFβ-1: transforming growth factor β-1; TXA2; thromboxane-2; NMDA: N-methyl-d-aspartate can be the potential target in BPH therapy.
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Fuchter MJ. On the Promise of Photopharmacology Using Photoswitches: A Medicinal Chemist's Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11436-11447. [PMID: 32511922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photopharmacology is a growing area of endeavor that employs photoswitchable ligands to allow for light-dependent pharmacological activity. By coupling light to therapeutic action, improved spatial and temporal selectivity can be achieved and subsequently harnessed for new concepts in therapy. Tremendous progress has already been made, with photopharmacological agents now reported against a wide array of target classes and light-dependent results demonstrated in a range of live cell and animal models. Several challenges remain, however, especially in order for photopharmacology to truly impact the clinical management of disease. This Perspective aims to summarize these challenges, particularly with attention to the medicinal chemistry that will be unavoidably required for the further translation of these agents/approaches. By clearly defining challenges for drug hunters, it is hoped that further research into the medicinal chemistry of photopharmacological agents will be stimulated, ultimately enabling full realization of the huge potential for this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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40
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Pugachev AD, Ozhogin IV, Lukyanova MB, Lukyanov BS, Rostovtseva IA, Dorogan IV, Makarova NI, Tkachev VV, Metelitsa AV, Aldoshin SM. Visible to near-IR molecular switches based on photochromic indoline spiropyrans with a conjugated cationic fragment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 230:118041. [PMID: 31955116 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules which can absorb and emit light within the "biological window" (650-1450 nm) are of great interest for using in various important biomedical applications such as bio-imaging, photopharmacology, targeted drug delivery, etc. Here we present three new indoline spiropyrans containing conjugated cationic fragments and halogen substituents in the 2H-chromene moiety which were synthesized by a simple one-pot method. The molecular structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy (including 2D methods), HRMS, elemental and single crystal X-ray analysis. Photochemical studies revealed the photochromic activity of spiropyrans at room temperature which caused photoswitchable fluorescence in the near-IR region after UV-irradiation. While the spirocyclic forms of compounds demonstrated absorption bands in the UV-Vis spectra with maxima in the visible region at about 445 nm and were not fluorescent, the photogenerated merocyanine isomers absorbed in the near-IR range at 708-738 nm and emitted at 768-791 nm. It was found that compound 1a with fluorine substituent possesses the most red-shifted absorption and emission bands of merocyanine form among all the known photochromic spiropyrans with maxima at 738 and 791 nm correspondingly. TD DFT calculations have shown that the longest wavelength absorption maxima of the merocyanine forms correspond to S0-S1 transitions of the isomers with at least one trans-trans-trans-configured vinylindolium fragment which brings them closer to cyanine-like structure and causes an appearance of the absorption and emission bands in the near-IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Rostovtseva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Dorogan
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda I Makarova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Tkachev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Acadeemy of Sciences, 1 Akad. Semenova ave., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, 1 Severny proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Aldoshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Acadeemy of Sciences, 1 Akad. Semenova ave., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Martínez-López D, Babalhavaeji A, Sampedro D, Woolley GA. Synthesis and characterization of bis(4-amino-2-bromo-6-methoxy)azobenzene derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:3000-3008. [PMID: 31976009 PMCID: PMC6964645 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoazobenzene derivatives with four ortho substituents with respect to the N–N double bond are a relatively unexplored class of azo compounds that show promise for use as photoswitches in biology. Tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted aminoazobenzene compounds in particular can form azonium ions under physiological conditions and exhibit red-light photoswitching. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of two bis(4-amino-2-bromo-6-methoxy)azobenzene derivatives. These compounds form red-light-absorbing azonium ions, but only under very acidic conditions (pH < 1). While the low pKa makes the azonium form unsuitable, the neutral versions of these compounds undergo trans-to-cis photoisomerization with blue-green light and exhibit slow (τ1/2 ≈ 10 min) thermal reversion and so may find applications under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martínez-López
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - G Andrew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Sailer A, Ermer F, Kraus Y, Lutter FH, Donau C, Bremerich M, Ahlfeld J, Thorn‐Seshold O. Hemithioindigos for Cellular Photopharmacology: Desymmetrised Molecular Switch Scaffolds Enabling Design Control over the Isomer‐Dependency of Potent Antimitotic Bioactivity. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1305-1314. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sailer
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Franziska Ermer
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Yvonne Kraus
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Carsten Donau
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Maximilian Bremerich
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Julia Ahlfeld
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn‐Seshold
- Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians University Munich Butenandtstrasse 5–13 Munich 81377 Germany
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43
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Li Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang H, Guo H, Ya H, Yin J. Synthesis and properties of dithienylethene-functionalized switchable antibacterial agents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6988-6997. [PMID: 30229787 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology involving azobenzene has offered a viable alternative for combating bacterial resistance. However, the degradation and potential toxicity of azobenzene limit its further study in vivo. Therefore, searching for an appropriate photoswitch for further clinical application is highly desirable. Herein a series of dithienylethene-functionalized switchable antibacterial agents have been designed and prepared by the introduction of the dithienylethene scaffold into fluoroquinolones. And it was found that these switchable antibacterial agents displayed good photochromism and fluorescence switching behaviors upon irradiation with UV/Vis light in DMSO. Surprisingly, methoxy-substituted dithienylethenes 3a and 3b exhibited fluorescence turn-on behavior. Furthermore, it was found that all of the open-isomers showed partial antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus compared with the native drugs. Apart from 2a and 2b, the other switchable antibacterial agents showed a large difference in antibacterial activity on Gram-negative E. coli between the open and closed forms, in which the antimicrobial activity of the ring-closed isomers for 1b and 3b was 16 times that of the corresponding ring-open isomers. DFT calculations showed that the ring-closed isomers of 1b and 3b presented a rigid "S-type" conformation, which may be conducive to forming more stable complexes with the DNA gyrase of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Luoyang City, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
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44
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Bhattacharyya S, Chowdhury A, Saha R, Mukherjee PS. Multifunctional Self-Assembled Macrocycles with Enhanced Emission and Reversible Photochromic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3968-3981. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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45
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Pianowski ZL. Recent Implementations of Molecular Photoswitches into Smart Materials and Biological Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:5128-5144. [PMID: 30614091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light is a nearly ideal stimulus for molecular systems. It delivers information encoded in the form of wavelengths and their intensities with high precision in space and time. Light is a mild trigger that does not permanently contaminate targeted samples. Its energy can be reversibly transformed into molecular motion, polarity, or flexibility changes. This leads to sophisticated functions at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, from light-triggered nanomaterials to photocontrol over biological systems. New methods and molecular adapters of light are reported almost daily. Recently reported applications of photoresponsive systems, particularly azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and indigoids, for smart materials and photocontrol of biological setups are described herein with the aim to demonstrate that the 21st century has become the Age of Enlightenment-"Le siècle des Lumières"-in molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew L Pianowski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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46
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Mantravadi PK, Kalesh KA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO, Parthasarathy A. The Quest for Novel Antimicrobial Compounds: Emerging Trends in Research, Development, and Technologies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E8. [PMID: 30682820 PMCID: PMC6466574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria pose one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century. The overuse and abuse of antibiotics coupled with the natural evolutionary processes of bacteria has led to this crisis. Only incremental advances in antibiotic development have occurred over the last 30 years. Novel classes of molecules, such as engineered antibodies, antibiotic enhancers, siderophore conjugates, engineered phages, photo-switchable antibiotics, and genome editing facilitated by the CRISPR/Cas system, are providing new avenues to facilitate the development of antimicrobial therapies. The informatics revolution is transforming research and development efforts to discover novel antibiotics. The explosion of nanotechnology and micro-engineering is driving the invention of antimicrobial materials, enabling the cultivation of "uncultivable" microbes and creating specific and rapid diagnostic technologies. Finally, a revival in the ecological aspects of microbial disease management, the growth of prebiotics, and integrated management based on the "One Health" model, provide additional avenues to manage this health crisis. These, and future scientific and technological developments, must be coupled and aligned with sound policy and public awareness to address the risks posed by rising antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
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47
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Pardeshi KA, Kumar TA, Ravikumar G, Shukla M, Kaul G, Chopra S, Chakrapani H. Targeted Antibacterial Activity Guided by Bacteria-Specific Nitroreductase Catalytic Activation to Produce Ciprofloxacin. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:751-759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kundansingh A. Pardeshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - T. Anand Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
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48
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Fu X, Bai H, Qi R, Zhao H, Peng K, Lv F, Liu L, Wang S. Optically-controlled supramolecular self-assembly of an antibiotic for antibacterial regulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14466-14469. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new supramolecular photo-responsive antibiotic (azobenzene-norfloxacin/αCD) exhibited a higher “on–off” ratio of antibacterial ability than Azo-Nor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuancheng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ruilian Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ke Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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49
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Schmidt D, Rodat T, Heintze L, Weber J, Horbert R, Girreser U, Raeker T, Bußmann L, Kriegs M, Hartke B, Peifer C. Axitinib: A Photoswitchable Approved Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2415-2426. [PMID: 30199151 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of photopharmacology is to develop photoswitchable enzyme modulators as tunable (pro-)drugs that can be spatially and temporally controlled by light. In this context, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib, which contains a photosensitive stilbene-like moiety that allows for E/Z isomerization, is of interest. Axitinib is an approved drug that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and is licensed for second-line therapy of renal cell carcinoma. The photoinduced E/Z isomerization of axitinib has been investigated to explore if its inhibitory effect can be turned "on" and "off", as triggered by light. Under controlled light conditions, (Z)-axitinib is 43 times less active than that of the E isomer in an VEGFR2 assay. Furthermore, it was proven that kinase activity in human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) was decreased by (E)-axitinib, but only weakly affected by (Z)-axitinib. By irradiating (Z)-axitinib in vitro with UV light (λ=385 nm), it is possible to switch it almost quantitatively into the E isomer and to completely restore the biological activity of (E)-axitinib. However, switching the biological activity off from (E)- to (Z)-axitinib was not possible in aqueous solution due to a competing irreversible [2+2]-photocycloaddition, which yielded a biologically inactive axitinib dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Theo Rodat
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Linda Heintze
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jantje Weber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rebecca Horbert
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Girreser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Raeker
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology and UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology and UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24116, Kiel, Germany
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50
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