1
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Liu J, Fu M, Yuan S, Lin C, Yuan Y. The synthesis and application of o-carborane-based macrocyclic arenes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15316-15323. [PMID: 39224067 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Two o-carborane-hybridized macrocyclic arenes have been synthesized via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of carborane diaryl derivatives. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis clearly revealed their cavity structure and intermolecular interaction force. These novel macrocycles exhibited aggregation-induced luminescence and intramolecular charge transfer properties and also significant selectivity towards nitro explosive compounds. This work provided a method for the synthesis of hybridized macrocyclic arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Meigui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Caixia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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2
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Wu HL, Zhang MY, Zhou T, Zhang LP, Qi QY, Yang GY, Yang B, Li ZT. Six-Cyclic Crown Ether-Type Pillar[5]Arene: Enhanced Binding Ability to Bispyridinium Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400554. [PMID: 38956446 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A six-cyclic crown ether-type pillar[5]arene was synthesized, and the five ethylene oxide loops were located outside the cavity and not affected by temperature changes which was confirmed by variable-temperature NMR experiment in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3 and 2D 1H-1H NOESY experiment in CDCl3. The six-cyclic pillar[5]-crown also showed greater binding ability of host-guest with bis(pyridinium) derivatives than conventional alkoxy pillar[5]arenes that illustrated through 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in acetone-d6/CDCl3 (1 : 1) and UV-vis titration experiments in CHCl3 at room temperature. The five benzocrown ethers at the periphery were able to bind metal cations by 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in CD2Cl2/methanol-d4(9 : 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Li Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Meng-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Le-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guan-Yu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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3
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Della Sala P, Iuliano V, De Rosa M, Talotta C, Del Regno R, Neri P, Geremia S, Hickey N, Gaeta C. Deep-Cavity Calix[4]naphth[4]arene Macrocycles: Synthesis, Conformational Features, and Solid-State Structures. Molecules 2024; 29:4142. [PMID: 39274992 PMCID: PMC11396966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently introduced calix[n]naphth[m]arenes as a novel class of deep-cavity hybrid macrocycles constituted by phenol (n) and naphthalene (m) units. In this study, we report the synthesis, conformational analysis, spectroscopic properties, and solid-state structures of calix[4]naphth[4]arene (C4N4) and its permethylated analog (C4N4-Me), thereby expanding the calix[n]naphth[m]arene family. C4N4 was synthesized through a 2 + 2 fragment coupling macrocyclization under acidic conditions, where the solvent played a crucial role in selectively forming the C4N4 derivative. The X-ray structure of C4N4 reveals a chair-like 1,2,3,4-alternate conformation characterized by two opposing 3/4-cone moieties stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In contrast, the X-ray structure of C4N4-Me exhibits a 1,3,5,7-alternate conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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4
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Liu N, Han XN, Ma H, Guo WC, Han Y, Zhang C, Zheng YS, Chen CF. Octopus[5]arene from Pagoda[5]arene by Macrocycle-to-Macrocycle Conversion. Org Lett 2024; 26:7239-7243. [PMID: 39158085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycle-to-macrocycle conversion is an effective strategy to construct new macrocyclic arenes with specific structures. Herein, a new class of chiral macrocyclic arene, namely, octopus[5]arenes (Oc5s), cannot be synthesized by the direct approach from the corresponding chiral monomers but can be successfully achieved by a macrocycle-to-macrocycle conversion strategy utilizing racemic pagoda[5]arenes as the starting materials. It was found that enantiomeric Oc5s showed fixed conformations and stable chiral structures and exhibited significant chiral recognition toward chiral diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei-Chen Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan-Song Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Ge C, Shang W, Chen Z, Liu J, Tang H, Wu Y, He S, Liu M, Li H. Self-Assembled Pure Covalent Tubes Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408056. [PMID: 38758007 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Here, we successfully synthesized four structurally analogous, self-assembled chiral molecular tubes with relatively high yields. This achievement involved the condensation of six equivalents of enantiomerically pure trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (trans-CHDA) and three equivalents of the corresponding tetraformyl precursor. Each precursor was equipped with a luminescent linker terminated by two m-phthalaldehyde units. Even though these tetraformyl precursors are barely soluble in almost all organic solvents, the molecular tubes are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform, allowing us to fully characterize them in solution. The stereo-chirality of the chiral bisamino building blocks endows the frameworks of molecular tubes with planar chirality. As a consequence, all of these molecular tubes exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with relatively large dissymmetry values |glum| up to 7×10-3, providing an efficient method for synthesizing CPL-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weili Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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6
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Shi C, Li H, Xie W, Wang R, Wang X, Lu X, Lin C, Jiang J, Wang L. Tröger's Base-Embedded Pillararenes─Macrocycles with Both Fixed and Conformational Chirality. Org Lett 2024; 26:6910-6914. [PMID: 39110602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Tröger's base-embedded pillararenes (P[1]TB[3]A), which combine Tröger's base (TB) with dialkoxybenzene units, were prepared via a fragment-coupling macrocyclization strategy. The TB unit in macrocycle P[1]TB[3]A provides a fixed chiral source, while 1,4-alkoxybenzene segments flip quickly to change their arrangement, which could provide reversible conformational chirality for those macrocycles. This rare example of macrocycles holding both fixed and conformational chirality lays a good foundation for expanding pillararenes using the fixed chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- Key Lab of Surficial Geochem of MOE, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Strassberger AF, Zengaffinen MD, Puigcerver J, Trapp N, Tiefenbacher K. Quinoacridane[4]arenes─Very Large Conformationally Restricted Macrocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6720-6724. [PMID: 39052766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Phenol-based macrocycles play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry, but their size has been rather limited. Here we report a novel class of very large, bowl-shaped macrocycles with a diameter of 21.8 Å. These quinoacridane[4]arenes are 150% larger than the current record holders, the acridane[4]arenes, and three times the size of resorcin[4]arene. We expect the quinoacridane[4]arenes to be a useful platform for the construction of molecular containers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio Puigcerver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Small Molecule Crystallography Center, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Kaneda T, Kato K, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Pillar[5]arenes decorated with six-membered-ring aromatics at all the substitution positions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10651-10658. [PMID: 38994425 PMCID: PMC11234882 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic molecules have characteristic properties different from linear ones, such as high symmetry and guest-inclusion ability. To bring drastic changes to these properties, direct introduction of many substituents is a challenging but effective tool. Herein, we attain direct installation of ten six-membered-ring aromatic π-units into both rims of a pillar[5]arene. In contrast to previous pillar[n]arenes with less hindered five-membered-ring units, which showed conformational complexity and crushed crystal structures, the per-phenyl-substituted pillar[5]arene has a cylinder-shaped crystal structure with a dichloromethane inside the cavity and is obtained as a single pair of D 5-symmetric enantiomers. The average dihedral angles between the core and peripheral benzene rings sharply increase from 38° to 66°. These differences indicate the importance of local steric repulsion on both rims for determining the structures and properties of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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9
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Chen JF, Gao QX, Yao H, Shi B, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. Recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence of planar chiral organic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6728-6740. [PMID: 38884278 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), as an important chiroptical phenomenon, can not only directly characterize excited-state structural information about chiroptical materials but also has great application prospects in 3D optical displays, information storage, biological probes, CPL lasers and so forth. Recently, chiral organic small molecules with CPL have attracted a lot of research interest because of their excellent luminescence efficiency, clear molecular structures, unique flexibility and easy functionalization. Planar chiral organic compounds make up an important class of chiral organic small molecular materials and often have rigid macrocyclic skeletons, which have important research value in the field of chiral supramolecular chemistry (e.g., chiral self-assembly and chiral host-guest chemistry). Therefore, research into planar chiral organic compounds has become a hotspot for CPL. It is time to summarize the recent developments in CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. In this feature article, we summarize various types of CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. Meanwhile, we overview recent research in the field of planar chiral CPL-active compounds in terms of optoelectronic devices, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical sensing. Finally, we discuss their future research prospects in the field of CPL-active materials. We hope that this review will be helpful to research work related to planar chiral luminescent materials and promote the development of chiral macrocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Xiu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
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Della-Negra O, Camotti Bastos M, Bru-Adan V, Santa-Catalina G, Ait-Mouheb N, Chiron S, Heran M, Wéry N, Patureau D. Role of endogenous soil microorganisms in controlling antimicrobial resistance after the exposure to treated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172977. [PMID: 38703836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation appears to be a relevant solution to the challenges of growing water demand and scarcity. However, TWW contains not only micro-pollutants including pharmaceutical residues but also antibiotic resistant bacteria. The reuse of TWW could contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The purpose of this study was to assess if exogenous bacteria from irrigation waters (TWW or tap water-TP) affect endogenous soil microbial communities (from 2 soils with distinct irrigation history) and key antibiotic resistance gene sul1 and mobile genetic elements intl1 and IS613. Experiments were conducted in microcosms, irrigated in one-shot, and monitored for three months. Results showed that TP or TWW exposure induced a dynamic response of soil microbial communities but with no significant increase of resistance and mobile gene abundances. However, no significant differences were observed between the two water types in the current experimental design. Despite this, the 16S rDNA analysis of the two soils irrigated for two years either with tap water or TWW resulted in soil microbial community differentiation and the identification of biomarkers from Xanthomonadaceae and Planctomycetes families for soils irrigated with TWW. Low-diversity soils were more sensitive to the addition of TWW. Indeed, TWW exposure stimulated the growth of bacterial genera known to be pathogenic, correlating with a sharp increase in the copy number of selected resistance genes (up to 3 logs). These low-diversity soils could thus enable the establishment of exogenous bacteria from TWW which was not observed with native soils. In particular, the emergence of Planctomyces, previously suggested as a biomarker of soil irrigated by TWW, was here demonstrated. Finally, this study showed that water input frequency, initial soil microbial diversity and soil history drive changes within soil endogenous communities and the antibiotic resistance gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Della-Negra
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Valérie Bru-Adan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | | | - Nassim Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR GEAU, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, 34196 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Heran
- IEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Wéry
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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11
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Gu MJ, Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Strategies for Constructing Macrocyclic Arene-Based Color-Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400023. [PMID: 38288886 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, supramolecular luminescent materials (SLMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their dynamic noncovalent interactions, versatile functions, and intriguing applications in many research fields. From construction to application, great efforts and progress have been made in color-tunable SLMs in recent years. In order to realize multicolor luminescence, various design strategies have been proposed. Macrocyclic chemistry, one of the brightest jewels in the field of supramolecular chemistry, has played a crucial role in the construction of stimuli-responsive and emission-tunable SLMs. Moreover, the flexible and tunable conformation and multiple noncovalent complexation sites of the macrocyclic arenes (MAs) afford a new opportunity to create such dynamic smart luminescent materials. Inspired by our reported work on the color-tunable supramolecular crystalline assemblies modulated by the conformation of naphth[4]arene, this Concept provides a summary of the latest developments in the construction of color-tunable MA-based SLMs, accompanied by the various construction strategies. The aim is to provide researchers with a new perspective to construct color-tunable SLMs with fascinating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1, 00190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1, 00190, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1, 00190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1, 00190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Li TR, Das C, Cornu I, Prescimone A, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Window[1]resorcin[3]arenes: A Novel Macrocycle Able to Self-Assemble to a Catalytically Active Hexameric Cage. JACS AU 2024; 4:1901-1910. [PMID: 38818056 PMCID: PMC11134363 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule has been utilized as one of the most versatile supramolecular capsule catalysts. Enlarging its size would enable expansion of the substrate size scope. However, no larger catalytically active versions have been reported. Herein, we introduce a novel class of macrocycles, named window[1]resorcin[3]arene (wRS), that assemble to a cage-like hexameric host. The new host was studied by NMR, encapsulation experiments, and molecular dynamics simulations. The cage is able to bind tetraalkylammonium ions that are too large for encapsulation inside the hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule. Most importantly, it retained its catalytic activity, and the accelerated conversion of a large substrate that does not fit the closed hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule was observed. Thus, it will help to expand the limited substrate size scope of the closed hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ren Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chintu Das
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Cornu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Mattenstrasse
26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Ruan C, Li Z, Lin W, Wang R, Xie W, Li H, Lu Y, Wang R, Li S, Wang L. Pillarurilarenes: Glycoluril-Expanded Pillararenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4122-4126. [PMID: 38695413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glycoluril-expanded pillararenes composed of glycoluril and dialkoxybenzene units, namely, pillarurilarenes (PURA), were synthesized through a fragment coupling macrocyclization strategy. Partial replacement of dialkoxybenzene with glycoluril endows PURA with polarized equatorial methine protons for derivatization or CH-anion binding. Crystal structures of pillar[2]uril[4]arene and pillar[1]uril[4]arene containing two glycoluril units and one glycoluril unit, respectively, indicated the inward orientation of the glycoluril unit, as also suggested by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculation. This work lays a good foundation for expanding pillararenes using non-aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhijin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Li B, Liu L, Wang Y, Liu K, Zheng Z, Sun S, Hu Y, Li L, Li C. Structurally diverse macrocycle co-crystals for solid-state luminescence modulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2535. [PMID: 38514611 PMCID: PMC10957888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic co-crystals offer an opportunity to fabricate organic functional materials. Traditional co-crystals are generally packed following the segregated or mixed stacking mode, leading to the lack of structural and functional diversity. Herein, we report three sets of macrocycle co-crystals with identical co-constitutions. The macrocycle co-crystals differ in the stoichiometric ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 2:3) of the constituents and molecular packing modes. The co-crystals are constructed using triangular pyrene-macrocycle and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene exploiting exo-wall charge-transfer interactions. Interestingly, the three co-crystals exhibit distinct, tunable emission properties. The corresponding emission peaks appear at 575, 602, and 635 nm, covering yellow via orange to red. The X-ray diffraction analyses and the density functional theory calculations reveal the superstructure-property relationships that is attributed to the formation of different ratios of charge-transfer transition states between the donor and acceptor motifs, resulting in red-shifted luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Shougang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Chunju Li
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
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15
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Shi B, Jiang J, An H, Qi L, Wei TB, Qu WJ, Lin Q. Clamparene: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Application in Spontaneous Formation of 3D Porous Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2901-2906. [PMID: 38271666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes have emerged as pivotal scaffolds in supramolecular chemistry. Despite their significant contributions to molecular recognition and diverse applications, challenges persist in the development of macrocyclic arene-based crystalline materials, particularly in achieving porosity and addressing limitations in adsorption efficiency resulting from the small cavity sizes of existing macrocyclic arenes. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of a novel macrocyclic arene, clamparene (CLP), featuring a rigid backbone, easy synthesis, and a sizable cavity. CLP self-assembles into one-dimensional sub-nanotubes that further organize into a three-dimensional porous framework in the solid state. The crystalline solid of CLP exhibits potential as a porous crystalline adsorbent for various benzene-based contaminants with rapid adsorption kinetics, large uptake amounts, and good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang K, Hao M, Jin T, Shi Y, Tian G, Li C, Ma H, Zhang N, Li Q, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Aza/Boracyclophanes with a meta and para Substitution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302950. [PMID: 37950682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of a new class of axially chiral aza/boracyclophanes (BDN1, BXN1, BDB1 and BXB1) using binaphthyls as chiral building blocks and the main-group (B/N) chemistry with tunable electronic effects. All macrocycles substituted with triarylamine donors or triarylborane acceptors are strongly luminescent. These macrocycles showed two distinct meta and para π-conjugation pathways, leading to the formation of quasi figure-of-eight and square-shaped conformations. Interestingly, comparison of such structural models revealed that the former type of macrocycles BXN1 and BXB1 gave higher racemization barriers relative to the other ones. The results reported here may provide a new approach to engineer the optical stability of π-conjugated chiral macrocycles by controlling π-substitution patterns. The ring constraints induced by macrocyclization were also demonstrated to contribute to the configurational persistence as compared with the open-chain analogues p-BTT and m-BTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
- Program in General Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Yafei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Quansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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17
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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18
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Ma XH, Si Y, Hu JH, Dong XY, Xie G, Pan F, Wei YL, Zang SQ, Zhao Y. High-Efficiency Pure Blue Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence from Chiral N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Copper(I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25874-25886. [PMID: 37963217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have attracted considerable attention for their promising applications in encryption, chiral sensing, and three-dimensional (3D) displays. However, the preparation of high-efficiency, pure blue CPL materials remains challenging. In this study, we reported an enantiomeric pair of triangle copper(I) clusters (R/S-Cu3) rigidified by employing chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with two pyridine-functionalized wingtips. These chiral clusters emitted pure blue phosphorescence that overlapped with that of the commercial blue phosphor having Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.14, 0.10), and the films exhibited an unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼70.0%. Additionally, the solutions showed very bright circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) with a dissymmetry factor of ±2.1 × 10-3. The excellent solubility and photostability endowed these pure-blue-emitting chiral clusters with promising applications as pure blue CPP inks for 3D printing white objects, such as precise-atomic-enlarged models of metal clusters and a lovely white stereoscopic "rabbit". The intricate mechanism underlying blue phosphorescence in this small cluster and across various states is elucidated through a comprehensive approach that integrates thorough analysis of luminescence properties, controlled experiments, and theoretical calculations. For the first time, we propose that the dominant high-energy emission center is constituted by delocalized hybrid orbitals over multiple atomic centers, encompassing both the metal and the coordinated atoms. This challenges stereotypical assumptions that the cluster center solely supports low-energy emissions. This work expands the currently limited range of CPP functional materials and provides a new direction for CPP applications involving NHC-stabilized metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Li Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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19
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Li ZX, Du XS, Wang J, Wu ZQ, Zheng Z, Yao S, Wang B, Li C. Modular Synthesis of Biphen[ n]arenes Directed by Five-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:7836-7840. [PMID: 37862603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Modular synthesis of novel biphen[n]arenes (n = 2-4) with customizable heterocycle blocks, functional skeletons, binding sites, and topological structures could be facilely achieved through the rational design and replacement of reaction modules (furan and thiophene), functional modules (substituted benzene, biphenyl, and naphthalene), and linking modules (methylene). These biphen[n]arenes were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystalline diffraction, complemented by DFT calculations. Their photophysical properties were thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhuo-Qian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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20
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Fu R, Zhao QY, Han H, Li WL, Chen FY, Tang C, Zhang W, Guo SD, Li DY, Geng WC, Guo DS, Cai K. A Chiral Emissive Conjugated Macrocycle for High-Affinity and Highly Enantioselective Recognition in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315990. [PMID: 37917047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurately distinguishing between enantiomeric molecules is a fundamental challenge in the field of chemistry. However, there is still significant room for improvement in both the enantiomeric selectivity (KR(S) /KS(R) ) and binding strength of most reported macrocyclic chiral receptors to meet the demands of practical application scenarios. Herein, we synthesized a water-soluble conjugated tubular host-namely, corral[4]BINOL-using a chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derivative as the repeating unit. The conjugated chiral backbone endows corral[4]BINOL with good fluorescent emission (QY=34 % ) and circularly polarized luminescence (|glum | up to 1.4×10-3 ) in water. Notably, corral[4]BINOL exhibits high recognition affinity up to 8.6×1010 M-1 towards achiral guests in water, and manifested excellent enantioselectivity up to 18.7 towards chiral substrates, both of which represent the highest values observed among chiral macrocycles in aqueous solution. The ultrastrong binding strength, outstanding enantioselectivity, and facile accessibility, together with the superior fluorescent and chiroptical properties, endow corral[4]BINOL with great potential for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wen-Li Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Si-Dan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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21
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Wang JQ, Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Advances in circularly polarized luminescence materials based on chiral macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13089-13106. [PMID: 37830234 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials utilizing supramolecular strategies has recently attracted increasing interest in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Chiral macrocycles, especially chiral macrocyclic hosts, have stable structures, adjustable internal cavities to encapsulate different guests, and host-guest complexation to induce special photophysical properties. Consequently, various CPL materials based on chiral macrocycles have been developed during the last decade. To gain a better understanding of this rapidly developing research area, it is necessary and also important to summarize the advances in CPL materials based on chiral macrocycles. In this review, CPL materials from different chiral macrocycles, especially classical and newly reported chiral macrocyclic hosts and their derivatives, will be comprehensively summarized. It is believed that this review will be of guiding significance and also very helpful for the development of macrocyclic chemistry and CPL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Gu MJ, Han XN, Guo WC, Han Y, Chen CF. Naphth[4]arene: Synthesis, Conformations, and Application in Color-Tunable Supramolecular Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305214. [PMID: 37269024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of macrocyclic arenes has seen rapid development in recent years, the synthesis of new macrocyclic arenes from aromatic rings with no directing groups remains a challenge. In this work, a new macrocyclic arene, naphth[4]arene (NA[4]A), composed of four naphthalene rings bridged by methylene groups, was synthesized using macrocycle-to-macrocycle conversion. NA[4]A shows 1,3-alternate and 1,2-alternate conformations in the solid state, which can be selectively obtained. By supramolecular co-assembly of NA[4]A and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) in different concentrations and temperatures, two conformation-dependent crystalline luminescent co-assemblies 1,2-NTC and 1,3-NTC can be selectively prepared. Interestingly, the two charge-transfer crystalline assemblies containing NA[4]A with different conformations show bright yellow and green fluorescence, and also display high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 45 % and 43 %. Furthermore, they exhibit color-tunable two-photon excited upconversion emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei-Chen Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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23
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Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical regulation of macrocyclic arenes with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11469-11483. [PMID: 37691554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on various macrocyclic arenes have received increasing attention due to their straightforward syntheses, convenient derivatization, and unique complexation properties. Represented by pillar[n]arenes, several distinctive macrocyclic arenes have recently emerged with the following characteristics: they possess a pair of enantiomeric planar chiral conformations, and interconversion between these enantiomeric conformations can be achieved through the flipping of ring units. Complexation of a chiral guest with these macrocyclic arenes will lead to a shift of the equilibrium between the Rp and Sp conformers, leading to intriguing possibilities for chiral induction and sensing. By the introduction of bulky substituents on the rims, employing rotaxanation or pseudocatenation, planar chirality could be locked, enabling the enantiomeric separation of the chiral structures. The induced or separated chiral conformers/compounds exhibit significant chiroptical properties. These macrocyclic arenes, with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality, demonstrated intriguing chiral induction dynamics and kinetics. In this featured review, we systematically summarize the progress in chiroptical induction/regulation of these macrocyclic arenes, particularly in the fields of chiral sensing, molecular machines, molecular recognition, and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
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24
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Nowak K, Morawski O, Zinna F, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L, Górecki M, Grzybowski M. Strong Chiroptical Effects in the Absorption and Emission of Macrocycles Based on the 2,5-Diaminoterephthalate Minimal Fluorophore. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300932. [PMID: 37194186 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral fluorescent macrocycles consisting of two to four units of dimethyl 2,5-diaminoterephthalate can be readily synthesized in a one-pot manner from inexpensive building blocks. Depending on the concentration, either a paracyclophane-like dimer with closely stacked benzene rings or a triangular trimer is the main product of the reaction. The macrocycles exhibit fluorescence in solution as well as in the solid state with maxima that are red-shifted with decreasing size of the macrocyclic ring and are observed at wavelengths from 590 (tetramer in solution) to 700 nm (dimer in the solid state). Chirality dictates the differential absorption and emission of circularly polarized light by these molecules. The ECD and CPL effects are particularly strong for the trimer, which is characterized by relatively large dissymmetry factors gabs =±2.8×10-3 at 531 nm and glum =±2.3×10-3 at 580 nm in n-hexane, being at the same time highly luminescent (Φfl =13.7 %). Despite the small chromophore, the circularly polarized brightness BCPL of 2.3 dm3 mol-1 cm-1 is comparable to values reported for other classes of established CPL emitters in the visible region, such as expanded helicenes or larger π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Tian YH, Qin H, Ding MH, Tang LL, Zeng F. Water soluble macrocyclic host for recognition of N-methylquinolinium salts in water. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14539-14542. [PMID: 37197678 PMCID: PMC10183810 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the synthesis of water soluble macrocyclic arenes 1 containing anionic carboxylate groups. It was found that host 1 could form a 1 : 1 complex with N-methylquinolinium salts in water. Moreover, the complexation and decomplexation of the complexes between host and the guests could be achieved by changing the pH of the solution, and the process could also be observed by naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Tian
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Han Qin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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26
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Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3265-3298. [PMID: 37083011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylene, pillararenes and so on have emerged as highly attractive synthetic macrocyclic hosts due to their unique structures, facile functionalization, and broad range of applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel macrocyclic arenes composed of various aromatic building blocks bridged by methylene groups, which have found applications in various research areas. Consequently, the development of novel macrocyclic arenes has become a frontier and hot topic in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry. In this review, we feature the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of novel macrocyclic arenes that have emerged in the last decade. The general synthetic strategies employed for these macrocyclic arenes are systematically summarized, and their wide applications in molecular recognition and assemblies, molecular machines, biomedical science and functional materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Katoono R, Tanioka T. A Dualistic Arrangement of a Chiral [1]Rotaxane Based on the Assembly of Two Rings and Two Rods. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4606-4618. [PMID: 36972424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the synthesis and chiroptical properties of doubled molecules of a chiral [1]rotaxane, based on the assembly of an achiral ring of a phenylacetylene macrocycle (6PAM) and a p-phenylene ethynylene rod. Two molecules of [1]rotaxane constituted the doubled molecule through the ring fusion of 6PAMs to a 10PAM, which assured stationary occupation relative to each optically active unit. The absorption properties of the 10PAM-based doubled molecule and 6PAM-based original unit were consistently characterized by the independent existence of m-phenylene ethynylene ring(s) and p-phenylene ethynylene rod(s). Thus, molar circular dichroism (CD) was directly compared between the doubled molecule (n = 2) and the original unit (n = 1) to show that molar CD was increased more than expected by an increase in the number of units, or by an increase in absorbance. Due to the invariance of the configuration and the relative occupation of two units arranged adjacent to each other in 10PAM, one more comparison was available with an isomeric molecule of two rings and two rods in a threaded-and-unthreaded form. The additional arrangement of an optically inactive unit in an unthreaded form also led to an increase in molar CD, compared to that of the original chiral unit in a threaded form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takumi Tanioka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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28
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Liu W, Li H, Huo Y, Yao Q, Duan W. Recent Progress in Research on [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Dyes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072891. [PMID: 37049653 PMCID: PMC10095835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) ring has attracted extensive attention due to its features of providing not only chirality and electron-donating ability but also steric hindrance, which reduces intermolecular π-π stacking interactions and thereby improves the fluorescence properties of dyes. To date, some circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active small organic molecules based on the PCP skeleton have been reviewed; however, the application of the PCP ring in improving the photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes is still limited, and new molecular design strategies are still required. This review summarizes and promotes the application of PCP in fluorescent dye design, fluorescence detection, and CPL modulation. We expect that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the PCP skeleton and lead to further improvement in fluorescent dye design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huabin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Xinfa Ruijie New Material Co. Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanmin Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qingxia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenzeng Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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29
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Zhang H, Li H, Sun S, Tan L, Shen H, Lin B, Yang P. N-Embedded Cubarene: A Quadrangular Member of the Macrocycle Family. Org Lett 2023; 25:2078-2083. [PMID: 36946503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of synthetic macrocycles, the cubarenes, the quadrangular-shaped macrocyclic arenes, remain less investigated, possibly due either to synthetic challenges or to the lack of suitable building blocks. In this paper, a N-embedded cubarene (cub[4]indolocarbazole) is facilely synthesized by FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed cyclization in dichloromethane. The endo cavity of cub[4]indolocarbazole can bury quaternary ammonium salts in an intramolecular manner, whereas the intermolecular interaction between its exo walls with Cu2+ generates two-dimensional supramolecular tessellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Heshan Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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30
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Kato K, Kaneda T, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Per-Arylation of Pillar[ n]arenes: An Effective Tool to Modify the Properties of Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6905-6913. [PMID: 36929722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Installation of various substituents is a reliable and versatile way to alter the properties of macrocyclic molecules, but high-yield and controlled methods are not always available especially for multifold reactions. Herein, we report 10- and 12-fold introduction of aryl substituents onto both rims of cylinder-shaped pillar[n]arenes, which usually have alkoxy substituents slanting to the cylinder axes. Although alkoxy pillar[5]arenes exist as D5-symmetric enantiomeric pairs, arylated pillar[5]arenes provide crushed single-crystal structures and stereoisomerism including C2-symmetric conformations depending on the aryl groups. Pillar[n]arenes with 2-benzofuranyl groups display bright fluorescence with quantum yields of 88-90% and no host-guest complexation with electron-deficient molecules in solution due to large deviation from alkoxy compounds. A benzofuran-appended pillar[6]arene instead captures small gaseous molecules in the solid state, probably owing to outside spaces surrounded by aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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31
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Xie J, Xi Z, Yang Z, Zhang X, Yuan H, Yang Y, Ni L, He M. Computational Approach to Understanding the Structures, Properties, and Supramolecular Chemistry of Pagoda[n]arenes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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32
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Chen JF, Gao QX, Liu L, Chen P, Wei TB. A pillar[5]arene-based planar chiral charge-transfer dye with enhanced circularly polarized luminescence and multiple responsive chiroptical changes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:987-993. [PMID: 36755718 PMCID: PMC9890741 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) organic dyes based on macrocyclic architecture has become an importantly studied topic in recent years because it is of great importance to both chiral science and supramolecular chemistry, where pillar[n]arenes are emerging as a promising class of planar chiral macrocyclic hosts for CPL. We herein synthesized an unusual planar chiral charge-transfer dye (P5BB) by covalent coupling of triarylborane (Ar3B) as an electron acceptor to parent pillar[5]arene as an electron donor. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) nature of P5BB not only caused a thermally responsive emission but also boosted the luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum). Interestingly, the specific binding of fluoride ions changed the photophysical properties of P5BB, including absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and CPL, which could be exploited as an optical probe for multi-channel detection of fluoride ions. Furthermore, the chiroptical changes were observed upon addition of 1,4-dibromobutane as an achiral guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 P. R. China +86 9317973191 +86 9317973191
| | - Qing-Xiu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 P. R. China +86 9317973191 +86 9317973191
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou Henan 450002 P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 P. R. China +86 9317973191 +86 9317973191
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33
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Li Y, Duan YM, Chen GH, Hu HR, Han XN, Wang KP, Hu ZQ, Chen CF. Pagoda[ n]arenes ( n = 4, 5): Extremely Strong Binders for the Tropylium Cation. Org Lett 2023; 25:364-368. [PMID: 36625525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, host-guest complexation between pagoda[n]arenes (n = 4, P4; n = 5, P5) and tropylium cation (G) was investigated in detail. It was found that both P4 and P5 showed surprisingly strong binding affinities toward the tropylium cation with association constants of more than 107 M-1 for the 1:1 host-guest complexes. The theoretical calculations showed different host-guest complexion ways for complexes G@P4 and G@P5 and the strong π···π interactions and multiple C-H···π interactions play a very important role in the formation of these stable complexes, respectively. Moreover, the switchable processes of guest binding and release in the complexes can be effectively controlled by redox stimuli, and they can be also visible by the color and fluorescence changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yi-Meng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gui-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Hao-Ran Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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34
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Sun YL, Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang QP, Yang BB, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Chiral emissive porous organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:302-305. [PMID: 36507910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A pair of chiral, emissive and porous tubular multi-functional organic molecular cages were synthesized easily by imine chemistry of 4,4',4'',4'''-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)-tetrabenzaldehyde (ETTBA) with (R,R)- or (S,S)-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA). It was found that the chirality of CHDA was transferred and amplified to tetraphenylethylene (TPE) in the process of formation of cages, which further endowed the cages with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) characteristics. As a result of the synergy of the chirality and porous structure in the solid state, both cages exhibited a good chiral adsorption enantioselectivity to a series of aromatic racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Technology Institute, National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qing-Pu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xianggao Meng
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Technology R&D Center, Hubei Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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35
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Cheng L, Zeng F, Wang X. Study on the Complexation Properties of Promellitic Diimide- Extended Pillar[6]aren and Carboxylate Guests. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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36
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Abdeljaber NO, Vinodh M, Al-Azemi TF. Host-guest properties of pagoda[4]arene with α,ω-dibromoalkanes and their self-assembled linear supramolecular polymer driven by guest halogen–halogen interactions. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Wang X, Pavlović RZ, Finnegan TJ, Karmakar P, Moore CE, Badjić JD. Rapid Access to Chiral and Tripodal Cavitands from β-Pinene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202416. [PMID: 36168151 PMCID: PMC9797447 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of (+)-α-bromoenone, obtained from monoterpene β-pinene, into an enantiopure cyclotrimer. This C3 symmetric compound has three bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane rings fused to its central benzene with each ring carrying a carbonyl group. The cyclotrimer undergoes diastereoselective threefold alkynylation with the lithium salts of five terminal alkynes (41-63 %, de=4-83 %). The addition enabled a rapid synthesis of a small library of novel chiral cavitands that, in shape, resemble a tripod stand. These molecular tripods include a tris-bicycloannelated benzene head attached to three alkyne legs twisted in one direction to form a nonpolar cavity with polar groups as feet. Tripods with methylpyridinium and methylisoquinolinium legs, respectively, form inclusion complexes with anti-inflammatory and chiral drugs (R)/(S)-ibuprofen and (R)/(S)-naproxen. The mode of binding shows drug molecules docked in the cavity of the host through ion-ion, cation-π, and C-H-π contacts that, in addition of desolvation, give rise to complexes having millimolar to micromolar stability in water. Our findings open the door to creating a myriad of enantiopure tripods with tunable functions that, in the future, might give novel chemosensors, catalysts or sequestering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
| | - Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
| | - Pratik Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
- Department of ChemistryKing Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang ModThung Khru, Bangkok10140Thailand
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th Avenue43210, OhioColumbusUSA
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38
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Zhou JL, Li YH, Zhang YM, Chen L, Liu Y. Enhanced molecular binding affinity toward aromatic dications by anthracene-derived crown ethers in water. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:107-114. [PMID: 36484413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of high molecular binding affinity using conventional crown ethers in water remains a challenging task in the field of supramolecular chemistry and may hold great promise in the creation of advanced biocompatible nanoconstructs. In this work, the molecular binding strength toward a series of structurally relevant cationic guests has been greatly enhanced by tetrasulfonated 1,5-dianthracenyl-42-crown-10 and as investigated by means of 1H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, the host-guest association constants can reach up to 108 M-1 order of magnitude in aqueous solution. X-ray crystal diffraction analysis further demonstrates that the aromatic dication can be tightly encapsulated in the ring of anthracene-derived crown ether via multiple π-stacking and electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, the obtained association constants are remarkably higher than the ones in the cases of the known benzene- and naphthalene-derived sulfonated crown ethers, substantiating that the appropriate extension of π-conjugation in the molecular skeleton of crown ether is a feasible method in attaining a highly affiliative host-guest complex. Taken together, our results indicate that the anthracene-based sulfonated crown ether can be developed as a new family of water-soluble macrocyclic receptors in the fabrication of functional nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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39
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Liang X, Shen Y, Zhou D, Ji J, Wang H, Zhao T, Mori T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical induction with prism[5]arene alkoxy-homologs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13584-13587. [PMID: 36416482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of prism[5]arenes with amino acid derivatives showed association constants of up to 107 M-1, significant CD with gabs of up to 0.8 × 10-2 and CPL with glum of 2 × 10-3. The absolute configuration-CD signal correlation was established. The CD spectra varied significantly with the substituents on the prism[5]arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yanling Shen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Dayang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Jiecheng Ji
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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40
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Zhu D, Sun B, Tong L, Wu Y, Cetin MM, Li H. A π-Electron Rich Cage via the Friedel–Crafts Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:8980-8985. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 31200, P. R. China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yating Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - M. Mustafa Cetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali Campus, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 31200, P. R. China
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41
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Wu JR, Wu G, Yang YW. Pillararene-Inspired Macrocycles: From Extended Pillar[ n]arenes to Geminiarenes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3191-3204. [PMID: 36265167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
chemistry since their establishment due to their innate functional features of molecular recognition and complexation. The rapid development of modern supramolecular chemistry has also significantly benefited from creating new macrocycles with distinctive geometries and properties. For instance, pillar[n]arenes (pillarenes), a relatively young generation of star macrocyclic hosts among the well-established ones (e.g., crown ethers, cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, and calixarenes), promoted a phenomenal research hotspot all over the world in the past decade. Although the synthesis, host-guest properties, and various supramolecular functions of pillarenes have been intensively studied, many objective limitations and challenges still cannot be ignored. For example, high-level pillar[n]arenes (n > 7) usually do not possess applicable large-sized cavities due to structural folding and cannot be synthesized on a large scale because of the uncompetitive cyclization process. Furthermore, two functional groups must be covalently para-connected to each repeating phenylene unit, which severely limits their structural diversity and flexibility. In this context, we have developed a series of pillarene-inspired macrocycles (PIMs) using a versatile and modular synthetic strategy during the past few years, aiming to break through the synthetic limitations in traditional pillarenes and find new opportunities and challenges in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. Specifically, by grafting biphenyl units into the pillarene backbones, extended pillar[n]arenes with rigid and nanometer-sized cavities could be obtained with reasonable synthetic yields by selectively removing hydroxy/alkoxy substitutes on pillarene backbones, leaning pillar[6]arenes and leggero pillar[n]arenes with enhanced structural flexibility and cavity adaptability were obtained. By combining the two types of bridging modes in pillarenes and calixarenes, a smart macrocyclic receptor with two different but interconvertible conformational features, namely geminiarene, was discovered. Benefiting from the synthetic accessibility, facile functionalization, and superior host-guest properties in solution or the solid state, this new family of macrocycles has exhibited a broad range of applications, including but not limited to supramolecular assembly/gelation/polymers, pollutant detection and separation, porous organic polymers, crystalline/amorphous molecular materials, hybrid materials, and controlled drug delivery. Thus, in this Account, we summarize our research efforts on these PIMs. We first present an overview of their design and modular synthesis and a summary of their derivatization strategies. Thereafter, particular attention is paid to their structural features, supramolecular functions, and application exploration. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives are outlined for their future development. We hope that this Account and our works can stimulate further advances in synthetic macrocyclic chemistry and supramolecular functional systems, leading to practical applications in various research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Gengxin Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
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42
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Han H, Fu R, Wang R, Tang C, He MM, Deng JY, Guo DS, Stoddart JF, Cai K. Corralarenes: A Family of Conjugated Tubular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20351-20362. [PMID: 36264544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in host-guest chemistry, macrocyclic hosts with deep cavities are far from abundant among the large number of wholly synthetic hosts described in the literature. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of two new tubular hosts, namely, corral[4]arene and corral[5]arene. The former has been isolated and characterized as two conformational diastereoisomers, one is centrosymmetric and the other asymmetric. The latter, a fivefold symmetrical and flexible host, has also been investigated in detail. It is composed of five 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl units bridged by ethynylene linkers at their 2,2'-positions and adopts a pentagonal conformation with a tubular-shaped cavity in the presence of guests. This structure endows corral[5]arene not only with a conjugated backbone, capable of bright fluorescent emission (quantum yield, 56%), but also a deep π-electron-rich aromatic cavity with remarkable conformational flexibility. The adaptive cavity of corral[5]arene allows it to accommodate a wide range of neutral and positively charged electron-deficient guests with different molecular sizes and shapes. Binding constants between this host and these guests in three different nonpolar organic solvents lie in the range of 103 to 107 M-1. Moreover, corral[5]arene exhibits dynamic chirality on account of the axes of chirality associated with each of the five biphenyl units and displays first-order transformation as exhibited by circular dichroism in response to the addition of chiral guests. All these stereochemical features render corral[5]arene an attractive host for a variety of supramolecular and nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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43
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Wu JR, Wu G, Cai Z, Li D, Li MH, Wang Y, Yang YW. A Water-Soluble Leggero Pillar[5]arene. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196259. [PMID: 36234796 PMCID: PMC9571795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of aqueous-phase molecular recognition of artificial receptors is one of the frontiers in supramolecular chemistry since most biochemical processes and reactions take place in an aqueous medium and heavily rely on it. In this work, a water-soluble version of leggero pillar[5]arene bearing eight positively charged pyridinium moieties (CWP[5]L) was designed and synthesized, which exhibited good binding affinities with certain aliphatic sulfonate species in aqueous solutions. Significantly, control experiments demonstrate that the guest binding performance of CWP[5]L is superior to its counterpart water-soluble macrocyclic receptor in traditional pillararenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Wang
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.-W.Y.)
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44
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Kato K, Kurakake Y, Ohtani S, Fa S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Ogoshi T. Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209222. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Kurakake
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
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45
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Wang Y, Yao H, Yang L, Quan M, Jiang W. Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, Molecular Recognition and Chirality Sensing of Methylene‐Bridged Naphthotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Fang Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu‐Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mao Quan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
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46
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Wang YF, Yao H, Yang LP, Quan M, Jiang W. Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, Molecular Recognition and Chirality Sensing of Methylene‐Bridged Naphthotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Huan Yao
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Mao Quan
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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47
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Zhai C, Isaacs L. New Synthetic Route to Water‐Soluble Prism[5]arene Hosts and Their Molecular Recognition Properties**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201743. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park 20742 Maryland USA
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park 20742 Maryland USA
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48
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Hou Y, Duan YR, Ding MH, Tang LL, Zeng F. Adsorptive separation of para-xylene by nonporous adaptive crystals of phenanthrene[2]arene. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22060-22063. [PMID: 36043113 PMCID: PMC9362102 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new method for the preparation of phenanthrene[2]arene on a large-scale. Meanwhile, the synthetic phenanthrene[2]arene has been successfully used as nonporous adaptive crystals for the separation of para-xylene (pX) from xylene isomers. The crystal structure revealed that one host molecule can adsorb one pX molecule to form the 1@pX complex, in which pX is located in the cavity of the host. A new method for the preparation of phenanthrene[2]arene on a large-scale was developed. The synthetic phenanthrene[2]arene has been successfully used as nonporous adaptive crystals for the separation of para-xylene from xylene isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Yin-Rong Duan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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49
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim-Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204589. [PMID: 35451151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A "rim-differentiated" pillar[6]arene (RD-P[6]) was obtained successfully, with the assistance of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, among eight different constitutional isomers in a direct and regioselective manner. The solid-state conformation of this macrocycle could switch from the 1,3,5-alternate to a truly rim-differentiated one upon guest inclusion. This highly symmetric RD-P[6] not only hosts metal-containing molecules inside its cavity, but also can form a pillar[6]arene-C60 adduct through co-crystallization on account of donor-acceptor interactions. The development of synthetic strategies to desymmetrize pillararenes offers new opportunities for engineering complex molecular architectures and organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wangjian Fang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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50
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Kato K, Kurakake Y, Ohtani S, Fa S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Ogoshi T. Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering KatsuraNishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Yuta Kurakake
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Shixin Fa
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
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