1
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Manifacier I, Carlin G, Liu D, Vassaux M, Pieuchot L, Luchnikov V, Anselme K, Milan JL. In silico analysis shows that dynamic changes in curvature guide cell migration over long distances. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:315-333. [PMID: 37875692 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiments have shown that cell scale curvatures influence cell migration; cells avoid convex hills and settle in concave valleys. However, it is not known whether dynamic changes in curvature can guide cell migration. This study extends a previous in-silico model to explore the effects over time of changing the substrate curvature on cell migration guidance. By simulating a dynamic surface curvature using traveling wave patterns, we investigate the influence of wave height and speed, and find that long-distance cell migration guidance can be achieved on specific wave patterns. We propose a mechanistic explanation of what we call dynamic curvotaxis and highlight those cellular features that may be involved. Our results open a new area of study for understanding cell mobility in dynamic environments, from single-cell in vitro experiments to multi-cellular in vivo mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Manifacier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Gildas Carlin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Dongshu Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Vassaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, 68100, France
| | - Valeriy Luchnikov
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, 68100, France
| | - Karine Anselme
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, 68100, France
| | - Jean-Louis Milan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France.
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, St Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France.
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2
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Isomursu A, Alanko J, Hernández-Pérez S, Saukkonen K, Saari M, Mattila PK, Ivaska J. Dynamic Micropatterning Reveals Substrate-Dependent Differences in the Geometric Control of Cell Polarization and Migration. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300719. [PMID: 37926786 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells are highly dynamic and adopt variable shapes and sizes. These variations are biologically important but challenging to investigate in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Micropatterning, confining cells on microfabricated substrates with defined geometries and molecular compositions, is a powerful tool for controlling cell shape and interactions. However, conventional binary micropatterns are static and fail to address dynamic changes in cell polarity, spreading, and migration. Here, a method for dynamic micropatterning is reported, where the non-adhesive surface surrounding adhesive micropatterns is rapidly converted to support specific cell-matrix interactions while allowing simultaneous imaging of the cells. The technique is based on ultraviolet photopatterning of biotinylated polyethylene glycol-grafted poly-L-lysine, and it is simple, inexpensive, and compatible with a wide range of streptavidin-conjugated ligands. Experiments using biotinylation-based dynamic micropatterns reveal that distinct extracellular matrix ligands and bivalent integrin-clustering antibodies support different degrees of front-rear polarity in human glioblastoma cells, which correlates to altered directionality and persistence upon release and migration on fibronectin. Unexpectedly, however, neither an asymmetric cell shape nor centrosome orientation can fully predict the future direction of migration. Taken together, biotinylation-based dynamic micropatterns allow easily accessible and highly customizable control over cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Jonna Alanko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Karla Saukkonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Markku Saari
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Pieta K Mattila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Western Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN West), University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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3
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Kaizuka Y, Machida R, Ota Y. Mechanochemical Regulation of Cell Adhesion by Incorporation of Synthetic Polymers to Plasma Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:366-375. [PMID: 33370529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical control of cell-cell interactions using synthetic materials is useful for a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we report a method to regulate cell adhesion and dispersion by introducing repulsive forces to live cell membranes. To induce repulsion, we tethered amphiphilic polymers, such as cholesterol-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-CLS), to cell membranes. We found that the repulsive forces introduced by these tethered polymers induced cell detachment from a substrate and allowed cell dispersion in a suspension, modulated the speed of cell migration, and improved the separation of cells from tissues. Our analyses showed that coating the cells with tethered polymers most likely generated two distinct repulsive forces, lateral tension and steric repulsion, on the surface, which were tuned by altering the polymer size and density. We modeled how these two forces are generated in kinetically distinctive manners to explain the various responses of cells to the coating. Collectively, our observations demonstrate mechanochemical regulation of cell adhesion and dispersion by simply adding polymers to cells without genetic manipulation or chemical synthesis in the cells, which may contribute to the optimization of chemical coating strategies to regulate various types of cell-cell interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kaizuka
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Rika Machida
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ota
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Sankyo Labo Service, 57-2 Sawabe, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300-4104, Japan
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4
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Liu W, Sun M, Han K, Hu R, Liu D, Wang J. Comprehensive Evaluation of Stable Neuronal Cell Adhesion and Culture on One-Step Modified Polydimethylsiloxane Using Functionalized Pluronic. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32753-32760. [PMID: 33376913 PMCID: PMC7758976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a popular and property-advantageous material for developing biomedical microsystems and advancing cell microengineering. The requirement of constructing a robust cell-adhesive PDMS interface drives the exploration of simple, straightforward, and applicable surface modification methods. Here, a comprehensive evaluation of highly stable neuronal cell adhesion and culture on the PDMS surface modified in one step using functionalized Pluronic is presented. According to multiple comparative tests, this modification is sufficiently verified to enable more significant cell adhesion and spreading in both quantity and stability, higher neuronal differentiation and viability/growth, more complete formation of the neuronal network, and stabler neuronal cell culture than the common coating tools on the PDMS substrate. The comparable and even superior cellular effects of this modification on PDMS to the standard coating of polystyrene for in vitro neurological research are demonstrated. Long-term microfluidic neuron culture with stable adhesion and high differentiation on the modified PDMS interface is accomplished, too. The achievement provides a detailed experimental demonstration of this simple and effective modification for strengthening neuronal cell culture on the PDMS substrate, which is useful for potential applications in the fields of neurobiology, neuron microengineering, and brain-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Kai Han
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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5
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Tran R, Hoesli CA, Moraes C. Accessible dynamic micropatterns in monolayer cultures via modified desktop xurography. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33238251 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abce0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Micropatterned cell cultures provide an important tool to understand dynamic biological processes, but often require specialized equipment and expertise. Here we present subtractive bioscribing (SuBscribe), a readily accessible and inexpensive technique to generate dynamic micropatterns in biomaterial monolayers on-the-fly. We first describe our modifications to a commercially available desktop xurographer and demonstrate the utility and limits of this system in creating micropatterned cultures by mechanically scribing patterns into a brittle, non-adhesive biomaterial layer. Patterns are sufficiently small to influence cell morphology and orientation and can be extended to pattern large areas with complex reproducible shapes. We also demonstrate the use of this system as a dynamic patterning tool for cocultures. Finally, we use this technique to explore and improve upon the well-established epithelial scratch assay, and demonstrate that robotic control of the scratching tool can be used to create custom-shaped wounds in epithelial monolayers, and that the scribing direction leaves trace remnants of matrix molecules that may significantly affect conventional implementations of this common assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H4X1N3, CANADA
| | - Corinne Annette Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H4X 1N3, CANADA
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Rm 3A, Montreal, Quebec, H4X1N3, CANADA
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6
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Almeida FV, Gammon L, Laly AC, Pundel OJ, Bishop CL, Connelly JT. High-Content Analysis of Cell Migration Dynamics within a Micropatterned Screening Platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3:e1900011. [PMID: 32648701 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental biological process that is dynamically regulated by complex interactions between the microenvironment and intrinsic gene expression programs. Here, a high-throughput cell migration assay is developed using micropatterned and dynamically adhesive polymer brush substrates, which support highly precise and consistent control over cell-matrix interactions within a 96-well cell culture plate format. This system is combined with automated imaging and quantitation of both cell motility and organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton for high-content analysis of cell migration phenotypes. Using this platform to screen a library of 147 epigenetic inhibitors identifies a set of EZH2-specific compounds that promote cytoskeletal remodeling and accelerates keratinocyte migration through derepression of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like gene expression program. Together, these studies establish the high-throughput, micropatterned assay as a powerful tool for discovery of novel therapeutic targets and for dissecting complex gene-environment interactions involved in wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Almeida
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Luke Gammon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ana C Laly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Oscar J Pundel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John T Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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7
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Martínez-Miguel M, Kyvik AR, M Ernst L, Martínez-Moreno A, Cano-Garrido O, Garcia-Fruitós E, Vazquez E, Ventosa N, Guasch J, Veciana J, Villaverde A, Ratera I. Stable anchoring of bacteria-based protein nanoparticles for surface enhanced cell guidance. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5080-5088. [PMID: 32400840 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, biological, physical, and chemical inputs have to be combined to properly mimic cellular environments and successfully build artificial tissues which can be designed to fulfill different biomedical needs such as the shortage of organ donors or the development of in vitro disease models for drug testing. Inclusion body-like protein nanoparticles (pNPs) can simultaneously provide such physical and biochemical stimuli to cells when attached to surfaces. However, this attachment has only been made by physisorption. To provide a stable anchoring, a covalent binding of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produced pNPs, which lack the innate pyrogenic impurities of Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, is presented. The reported micropatterns feature a robust nanoscale topography with an unprecedented mechanical stability. In addition, they are denser and more capable of influencing cell morphology and orientation. The increased stability and the absence of pyrogenic impurities represent a step forward towards the translation of this material to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez-Miguel
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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8
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Berent ZT, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Cell seeding simulation on micropatterned islands shows cell density depends on area to perimeter ratio, not on island size or shape. Acta Biomater 2020; 107:152-163. [PMID: 32112979 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein micropatterned substrates have been used to control cell size, shape, and cell-cell contacts, characteristics that influence a range of cell behaviors from early cell differentiation to late stages of maturation. Knowing the initial island cell seeding density is important to interpreting results and understanding downstream cell behavior. While studies routinely report the intended or target cell seeding density, they do not report the actual cell seeding density on the islands. As cells proliferate, differences in initial cell seeding density could compound and may lead to misinterpretation of results. In this work, we present a cell seeding simulation and apply it to 100s of islands with a range of geometries (sizes and shapes) to explore how island cell seeding density relates to the target or unpatterned cell seeding density. We first experimentally validate the simulation and then show that normalized island cell seeding density depends on island size, shape, and spacing, but can be predicted solely from island area to perimeter ratio, A2P, via a power law relationship for a wide range of island geometries. Interestingly, normalized island cell seeding density is the same as the normalized unpatterned cell seeding density for A2P ≥ 17 µm. This simulation will help to design micropatterned substrates and to have more accurate representation of the island cell seeding density at the start of experiments. By knowing the island cell seeding density, we can more easily reproduce results across research groups to understand the roles of cell-cell contact and cell size and shape on cell behavior. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We present a cell seeding simulation on protein-micropatterned substrates and use it to simulate seeding across 100s of island geometries (size, shape, and spacing) covering two orders of magnitude in size. The simulation shows that island cell density varies significantly with island geometry compared to the target seeding density. However, island cell density can be predicted from one geometric parameter - the island's area to perimeter ratio. Results will help direct researchers on how to achieve uniform cell density across all island geometries. Since cell density and island shape both influence cell behaviors, such as differentiation, this simulation may help to isolate these factors, facilitate micropatterned substrate design, and provide a mechanism for more reproduceable results across studies.
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9
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Shin YM, Yang HS, Chun HJ. Directional Cell Migration Guide for Improved Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1249:131-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3258-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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10
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Liu W, Han K, Sun M, Wang J. Enhancement and control of neuron adhesion on polydimethylsiloxane for cell microengineering using a functionalized triblock polymer. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3162-3167. [PMID: 31468057 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based neuron microengineering provides new opportunities for spatiotemporal control of neuronal activity and stimuli. The demand for long-lasting adhesive PDMS surfaces has steered the development of straightforward, feasible, and accessible interface modifications. Here, we describe an innovative approach for promoting and engineering neuron adhesion on a PDMS substrate based on a very simple modification using poly-d-lysine-conjugated Pluronic F127, a functionalized triblock polymer. The modification procedure only involves single-step pipetting or microfluidic-guided introduction for the reinforcement of cell adhesion in quantity, extensibility, and stability. Micropatterning at a single-cell resolution, microfluidic long-term culture, and neuron network formation were achieved. The present approach provides a previously unprecedented simple and effective technique for neuron adhesion on PDMS and may be useful for applications in neurobiology, tissue engineering, and neuronal microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China. and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Kai Han
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Steuber M, Schönherr H. Guided assembly, nanostructuring and functionalization with brushes of microscale polymer cubes for tailored 3-D cell microenvironments. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Zhou S, Metcalf KJ, Bugga P, Grant J, Mrksich M. Photoactivatable Reaction for Covalent Nanoscale Patterning of Multiple Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40452-40459. [PMID: 30379516 PMCID: PMC6640637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a photochemical approach for independently patterning multiple proteins to an inert substrate, particularly for studies of cell adhesion. A photoactivatable chloropyrimidine ligand was employed for covalent immobilization of SnapTag fusion proteins on self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold. A two-step procedure was used: first, patterned UV illumination of the surface activated protein capture ligands, and second, incubation with a SnapTag fusion protein bound to the surface in illuminated regions. Two different fluorescent proteins were patterned in registry with features of 400 nm in size over a 1 mm2 area. An example is given wherein an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) scFv antibody was patterned to direct the selective attachment of a human cancer cell line that express the CEA antigen. This method enables the preparation of surfaces with control over the density and activity of independently patterned proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Kevin J. Metcalf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Pradeep Bugga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jennifer Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine,
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Ermis M, Antmen E, Hasirci V. Micro and Nanofabrication methods to control cell-substrate interactions and cell behavior: A review from the tissue engineering perspective. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:355-369. [PMID: 29988483 PMCID: PMC6026330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate interactions play a crucial role in the design of better biomaterials and integration of implants with the tissues. Adhesion is the binding process of the cells to the substrate through interactions between the surface molecules of the cell membrane and the substrate. There are several factors that affect cell adhesion including substrate surface chemistry, topography, and stiffness. These factors physically and chemically guide and influence the adhesion strength, spreading, shape and fate of the cell. Recently, technological advances enabled us to precisely engineer the geometry and chemistry of substrate surfaces enabling the control of the interaction cells with the substrate. Some of the most commonly used surface engineering methods for eliciting the desired cellular responses on biomaterials are photolithography, electron beam lithography, microcontact printing, and microfluidics. These methods allow production of nano- and micron level substrate features that can control cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, shape of the cells and the nuclei as well as measurement of the forces involved in such activities. This review aims to summarize the current techniques and associate these techniques with cellular responses in order to emphasize the effect of chemistry, dimensions, density and design of surface patterns on cell-substrate interactions. We conclude with future projections in the field of cell-substrate interactions in the hope of providing an outlook for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menekse Ermis
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Camley BA. Collective gradient sensing and chemotaxis: modeling and recent developments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:223001. [PMID: 29644981 PMCID: PMC6252055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aabd9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells measure a vast variety of signals, from their environment's stiffness to chemical concentrations and gradients; physical principles strongly limit how accurately they can do this. However, when many cells work together, they can cooperate to exceed the accuracy of any single cell. In this topical review, I will discuss the experimental evidence showing that cells collectively sense gradients of many signal types, and the models and physical principles involved. I also propose new routes by which experiments and theory can expand our understanding of these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Camley
- Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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15
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Joo S, Song SY, Nam YS, Nam Y. Stimuli-Responsive Neuronal Networking via Removable Alginate Masks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Joo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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16
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Liu X, Carbonell C, Braunschweig AB. Towards scanning probe lithography-based 4D nanoprinting by advancing surface chemistry, nanopatterning strategies, and characterization protocols. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6289-6310. [PMID: 27460011 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biointerfaces direct some of the most complex biological events, including cell differentiation, hierarchical organization, and disease progression, or are responsible for the remarkable optical, electronic, and biological behavior of natural materials. Chemical information encoded within the 4D nanostructure of biointerfaces - comprised of the three Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z), and chemical composition of each molecule within a given volume - dominates their interfacial properties. As such, there is a strong interest in creating printing platforms that can emulate the 4D nanostructure - including both the chemical composition and architectural complexity - of biointerfaces. Current nanolithography technologies are unable to recreate 4D nanostructures with the chemical or architectural complexity of their biological counterparts because of their inability to position organic molecules in three dimensions and with sub-1 micrometer resolution. Achieving this level of control over the interfacial structure requires transformational advances in three complementary research disciplines: (1) the scope of organic reactions that can be successfully carried out on surfaces must be increased, (2) lithography tools are needed that are capable of positioning soft organic and biologically active materials with sub-1 micrometer resolution over feature diameter, feature-to-feature spacing, and height, and (3) new techniques for characterizing the 4D structure of interfaces should be developed and validated. This review will discuss recent advances in these three areas, and how their convergence is leading to a revolution in 4D nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Carlos Carbonell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA and Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA and Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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17
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Nerger BA, Siedlik MJ, Nelson CM. Microfabricated tissues for investigating traction forces involved in cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1819-1834. [PMID: 28008471 PMCID: PMC5391279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-generated forces drive an array of biological processes ranging from wound healing to tumor metastasis. Whereas experimental techniques such as traction force microscopy are capable of quantifying traction forces in multidimensional systems, the physical mechanisms by which these forces induce changes in tissue form remain to be elucidated. Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately require techniques that are capable of quantifying traction forces with high precision and accuracy in vivo or in systems that recapitulate in vivo conditions, such as microfabricated tissues and engineered substrata. To that end, here we review the fundamentals of traction forces, their quantification, and the use of microfabricated tissues designed to study these forces during cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. We emphasize the differences between traction forces in two- and three-dimensional systems, and highlight recently developed techniques for quantifying traction forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Nerger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Siedlik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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18
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Liang EI, Mah EJ, Yee AF, Digman MA. Correlation of focal adhesion assembly and disassembly with cell migration on nanotopography. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:145-155. [PMID: 28092391 PMCID: PMC5399776 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective cell adhesion is desirable to control cell growth and migration on biomedical implants. Mesenchymal cell migration is regulated through focal adhesions (FAs) and can be modulated by their microenvironment, including changes in surface topography. We use the Number and Molecular Brightness (N&B) imaging analysis to provide a unique perspective on FA assembly and disassembly. This imaging analysis generates a map of real-time fluctuations of protein monomers, dimers, and higher order aggregates of FA proteins, such as paxillin during assembly and disassembly. We show a dynamic view of how nanostructured surfaces (nanoline gratings or nanopillars) regulate single molecular dynamics. In particular, we report that the smallest nanopillars (100 nm spacing) gave rise to a low population of disassembling adhesion clusters of ∼2 paxillin proteins whereas the larger nanopillars (380 nm spacing) gave rise to a much larger population of larger disassembling clusters of ∼3-5 paxillin proteins. Cells were more motile on the smaller nanopillars (spaced 100-130 nm apart) compared to all other surfaces studied. Thus, physical nanotopography influences cell motility, adhesion size, and adhesion assembly and disassembly. We report for the first time, with single molecular detection, how nanotopography influences cell motility and protein reorganization in adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Emma J Mah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Albert F Yee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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19
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Seras-Franzoso J, Tatkiewicz WI, Vazquez E, García-Fruitós E, Ratera I, Veciana J, Villaverde A. Integrating mechanical and biological control of cell proliferation through bioinspired multieffector materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:873-91. [PMID: 25816885 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, cells respond to complex mechanical and biological stimuli whose understanding is required for tissue construction in regenerative medicine. However, the full replication of such bimodal effector networks is far to be reached. Engineering substrate roughness and architecture allows regulating cell adhesion, positioning, proliferation, differentiation and survival, and the external supply of soluble protein factors (mainly growth factors and hormones) has been long applied to promote growth and differentiation. Further, bioinspired scaffolds are progressively engineered as reservoirs for the in situ sustained release of soluble protein factors from functional topographies. We review here how research progresses toward the design of integrative, holistic scaffold platforms based on the exploration of individual mechanical and biological effectors and their further combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Departament de Genètica & de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Uhlig K, Wegener T, He J, Zeiser M, Bookhold J, Dewald I, Godino N, Jaeger M, Hellweg T, Fery A, Duschl C. Patterned Thermoresponsive Microgel Coatings for Noninvasive Processing of Adherent Cells. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1110-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Uhlig
- Branch
Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jian He
- GeSiM mbH, 01454 Grosserkmannsdorf, Germany
| | - Michael Zeiser
- Department
of Chemistry Physical and Biophysical Chemistry (PC III), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Bookhold
- Department
of Chemistry Physical and Biophysical Chemistry (PC III), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Inna Dewald
- Physical
Chemistry II, Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Neus Godino
- Branch
Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Magnus Jaeger
- Branch
Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department
of Chemistry Physical and Biophysical Chemistry (PC III), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Chair of
Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claus Duschl
- Branch
Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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21
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Knight GT, Sha J, Ashton RS. Micropatterned, clickable culture substrates enable in situ spatiotemporal control of human PSC-derived neural tissue morphology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5238-41. [PMID: 25688384 PMCID: PMC4456773 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ regulation of the morphology of neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells using micropatterned, clickable substrates.
We describe a modular culture platform that enables spatiotemporal control of the morphology of 2D neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by simply adding clickable peptides to the media. It should be widely applicable for elucidating how spatiotemporal changes in morphology and substrate biochemistry regulate tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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22
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Salierno MJ, García-Fernandez L, Carabelos N, Kiefer K, García AJ, del Campo A. Phototriggered fibril-like environments arbitrate cell escapes and migration from endothelial monolayers. Biomaterials 2015; 82:113-23. [PMID: 26757258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell detachment and migration from the endothelium occurs during vasculogenesis and also in pathological states. Here, we use a novel approach to trigger single cell release from an endothelial monolayer by in-situ opening of adhesive, fibril-like environment using light-responsive ligands and scanning lasers. Cell escapes from the monolayer were observed on the fibril-like adhesive tracks with 3-15 μm width. The frequency of endothelial cell escapes increased monotonically with the fibril width and with the density of the light-activated adhesive ligand. Interestingly, treatment with VEGF induced cohesiveness within the cell layer, preventing cell leaks. When migrating through the tracks, cells presented body lateral reduction and nuclear deformation imposed by the line width and dependent on myosin contractility. Cell migration mode changed from mesenchymal to amoeboid-like when the adhesive tracks narrowed (≤5 μm). Moreover, cell nucleus was shrunk showing packed DNA on lines narrower than the nuclear dimensions in a mechanisms intimately associated with the stress fibers. This platform allows the detailed study of escapes and migratory transitions of cohesive cells, which are relevant processes in development and during diseases such as organ fibrosis and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo J Salierno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | | | - Noelia Carabelos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Karin Kiefer
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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23
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Liu W, Xu J, Li T, Zhao L, Ma C, Shen S, Wang J. Monitoring tumor response to anticancer drugs using stable three-dimensional culture in a recyclable microfluidic platform. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9752-60. [PMID: 26337449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of miniaturized platforms with the capability for microscale and dynamic control of biomimetic and high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) culture plays a crucial role in biological research. In this study, pneumatic microstructure-based microfluidics was used to systematically demonstrate 3D tumor culture under various culture conditions. We also demonstrated the reusability of the fabrication-optimized pneumatic device for high-throughput cell manipulation and 3D tumor culture. This microfluidic system provides remarkably long-term (over 1 month) and cyclic stability. Furthermore, temporal and high-throughput monitoring of tumor response to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of different chemotherapies, was achieved based on the robust culture. This advancement in microfluidics has potential applications in the fields of tissue engineering, tumor biology, and clinical medicine; it also provides new insight into the construction of high-performance and recyclable microplatforms for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaofei Shen
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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24
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Yang Y, Wang L, Wang P, Wang F, He H, Wang X. Photo-polymerization of monomer crystals producing thermo-responsive micropatterns to direct cell growth and cell selective harvest. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Liu W, Wang JC, Wang J. Controllable organization and high throughput production of recoverable 3D tumors using pneumatic microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1195-204. [PMID: 25571856 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional tumor culture methods offer a high degree of biological and clinical relevance to in vitro models as well as cancer therapy. However, a straightforward, dynamic, and high-throughput method for micro-manipulation of 3D tumors is not yet well established. In this study, we present a novel and simple strategy for producing biomimetic 3D tumors in a controllable, high throughput manner based on an integrated microfluidic system with well-established pneumatic microstructures. Serial manipulations, including one-step cell localization, array-like self-assembly, and real-time analysis of 3D tumors, are accomplished smoothly in the microfluidic device. The recovery of tumor products from the chip is performed by dynamic off-switch of the pneumatic microstructures. In addition, this microfluidic platform is demonstrated to be capable of producing multiple types of 3D tumors and performing the evaluation of tumor targeting by nanomedicine. The pneumatic microfluidic-based 3D tumor production shows potential for research on tumor biology, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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26
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Kamimura M, Scheideler O, Shimizu Y, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Nakanishi J. Facile preparation of a photoactivatable surface on a 96-well plate: a versatile and multiplex cell migration assay platform. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14159-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoactivatable 96-well plate based on photocleavable PEG and poly-d-lysine serves as a useful high-throughput cell migration assay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kamimura
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Olivia Scheideler
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shimizu
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Kazuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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27
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Integrin-mediated adhesion and mechano-sensing in cutaneous wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:571-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Benzophenone-based photochemical micropatterning of biomolecules to create model substrates and instructive biomaterials. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 121:231-42. [PMID: 24560513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800281-0.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and heterogeneous environment that controls many aspects of cell behavior. Not surprisingly, many different approaches have focused on creating model substrates that recapitulate the biomolecular, topographical, and mechanical properties of the ECM for in vitro studies of cell behavior. This chapter details a general, versatile method for the spatially controlled deposition of multiple biomolecules onto both planar and topographically complex support structures with micrometer resolution. This approach is based upon the well-understood photochemical UV crosslinking of benzophenone (BP) to solution-phase biomolecules. This is a molecularly general strategy that can be utilized to immobilize biomolecules onto any surface prefunctionalized with BP. Examples described herein include modification of planar and corrugated glass substrates as well as collagen-glycosaminoglycan biomaterials configured either as highly porous scaffolds or nonporous membranes with a variety of biomolecular targets, including proteins, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.
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29
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Huda S, Pilans D, Makurath M, Hermans T, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Grzybowski BA. Microfabricated Systems and Assays for Studying the Cytoskeletal Organization, Micromechanics, and Motility Patterns of Cancerous Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2014; 1:1400158. [PMID: 26900544 PMCID: PMC4757490 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell motions are driven by coordinated actions of the intracellular cytoskeleton - actin, microtubules (MTs) and substrate/focal adhesions (FAs). This coordination is altered in metastatic cancer cells resulting in deregulated and increased cellular motility. Microfabrication tools, including photolithography, micromolding, microcontact printing, wet stamping and microfluidic devices have emerged as a powerful set of experimental tools with which to probe and define the differences in cytoskeleton organization/dynamics and cell motility patterns in non-metastatic and metastatic cancer cells. In this review, we discuss four categories of microfabricated systems: (i) micropatterned substrates for studying of cell motility sub-processes (for example, MT targeting of FAs or cell polarization); (ii) systems for studying cell mechanical properties, (iii) systems for probing overall cell motility patterns within challenging geometric confines relevant to metastasis (for example, linear and ratchet geometries), and (iv) microfluidic devices that incorporate co-cultures of multiple cells types and chemical gradients to mimic in vivo intravasation/extravasation steps of metastasis. Together, these systems allow for creating controlled microenvironments that not only mimic complex soft tissues, but are also compatible with live cell high-resolution imaging and quantitative analysis of single cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabil Huda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Didzis Pilans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Monika Makurath
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Hermans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kristiana Kandere-Grzybowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
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30
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Yamamoto H, Demura T, Morita M, Kono S, Sekine K, Shinada T, Nakamura S, Tanii T. In situ modification of cell-culture scaffolds by photocatalytic decomposition of organosilane monolayers. Biofabrication 2014; 6:035021. [PMID: 25100800 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/3/035021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel application of TiO2 photocatalysis for modifying the cell affinity of a scaffold surface in a cell-culture environment. An as-deposited octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (OTS SAM) on TiO2 was found to be hydrophobic and stably adsorbed serum albumins that blocked subsequent adsorption of other proteins and cells. Upon irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light, OTS molecules were decomposed and became permissive to the adhesion of PC12 cells via adsorption of an extracellular matrix protein, collagen. Optimal UV dose was 200 J cm(-2) for OTS SAM on TiO2. The amount of collagen adsorption decreased when excessive UV light was irradiated, most likely due to the surface being too hydrophilic to support its adsorption. This UV-induced modification required TiO2 to be present under the SAM and hence is a result of TiO2 photocatalysis. The UV irradiation for surface modification can be performed before cell plating or during cell culture. We also demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol) SAM can also be patterned with this method, indicating that it is applicable to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic SAMs. This method provides a unique tool for fabricating cell microarrays and studying dynamical properties of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamamoto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. Nanotechnology Research Center, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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31
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Aoun L, Weiss P, Laborde A, Ducommun B, Lobjois V, Vieu C. Microdevice arrays of high aspect ratio poly(dimethylsiloxane) pillars for the investigation of multicellular tumour spheroid mechanical properties. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2344-2353. [PMID: 24836927 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, fabrication and evaluation of an array of microdevices composed of high aspect ratio PDMS pillars, dedicated to the study of tumour spheroid mechanical properties. The principle of the microdevice is to confine a spheroid within a circle of micropillars acting as peripheral flexible force sensors. We present a technological process for fabricating high aspect ratio micropillars (300 μm high) with tunable feature dimensions (diameter and spacing) enabling production of flexible PDMS pillars with a height comparable to spheroid sizes. This represents an upscale of 10 along the vertical direction in comparison to more conventional PDMS pillar force sensors devoted to single cell studies, while maintaining their force sensitivity in the same order of magnitude. We present a method for keeping these very high aspect ratio PDMS pillars stable and straight in liquid solution. We demonstrate that microfabricated devices are biocompatible and adapted to long-term spheroid growth. Finally, we show that the spheroid interaction with the micropillars' surface is dependent on PDMS cellular adhesiveness. Time-lapse recordings of growth-induced micropillars' bending coupled with a software program to automatically detect and analyse micropillar displacements are presented. The use of these microdevices as force microsensors opens new prospects in the fields of tissue mechanics and pharmacological drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Aoun
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
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32
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Costa P, Gautrot JE, Connelly JT. Directing cell migration using micropatterned and dynamically adhesive polymer brushes. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2415-22. [PMID: 24508539 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Micropatterning techniques, such as photolithography and microcontact printing, provide robust tools for controlling the adhesive interactions between cells and their extracellular environment. However, the ability to modify these interactions in real time and examine dynamic cellular responses remains a significant challenge. Here we describe a novel strategy to create dynamically adhesive, micropatterned substrates, which afford precise control of cell adhesion and migration over both space and time. Specific functionalization of micropatterned poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) brushes with synthetic peptides, containing the integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif, was achieved using thiol-yne coupling reactions. RGD activation of POEGMA brushes promoted fibroblast adhesion, spreading and migration into previously non-adhesive areas, and migration speed could be tuned by adjusting the surface ligand density. We propose that this technique is a robust strategy for creating dynamically adhesive biomaterial surfaces and a useful assay for studying cell migration.
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33
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Brinkmann J, Cavatorta E, Sankaran S, Schmidt B, van Weerd J, Jonkheijm P. About supramolecular systems for dynamically probing cells. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4449-69. [PMID: 24681633 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the art in the development of strategies for generating supramolecular systems for dynamic cell studies. Dynamic systems are crucial to further our understanding of cell biology and are consequently at the heart of many medical applications. Increasing interest has therefore been focused recently on rendering systems bioactive and dynamic that can subsequently be employed to engage with cells. Different approaches using supramolecular chemistry are reviewed with particular emphasis on their application in cell studies. We conclude with an outlook on future challenges for dynamic cell research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Brinkmann
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory Group of Bioinspired Molecular Engineering, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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A photoactivatable nanopatterned substrate for analyzing collective cell migration with precisely tuned cell-extracellular matrix ligand interactions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91875. [PMID: 24632806 PMCID: PMC3954836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is involved in many biological and pathological processes. Various factors have been shown to regulate the decision to migrate collectively or individually, but the impact of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions is still debated. Here, we developed a method for analyzing collective cell migration by precisely tuning the interactions between cells and ECM ligands. Gold nanoparticles are arrayed on a glass substrate with a defined nanometer spacing by block copolymer micellar nanolithography (BCML), and photocleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw = 12 kDa, PEG12K) and a cyclic RGD peptide, as an ECM ligand, are immobilized on this substrate. The remaining glass regions are passivated with PEG2K-silane to make cells interact with the surface via the nanoperiodically presented cyclic RGD ligands upon the photocleavage of PEG12K. On this nanostructured substrate, HeLa cells are first patterned in photo-illuminated regions, and cell migration is induced by a second photocleavage of the surrounding PEG12K. The HeLa cells gradually lose their cell-cell contacts and become disconnected on the nanopatterned substrate with 10-nm particles and 57-nm spacing, in contrast to their behavior on the homogenous substrate. Interestingly, the relationship between the observed migration collectivity and the cell-ECM ligand interactions is the opposite of that expected based on conventional soft matter models. It is likely that the reduced phosphorylation at tyrosine-861 of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on the nanopatterned surface is responsible for this unique migration behavior. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the presented method in understanding the process of determining collective and non-collective migration features in defined micro- and nano-environments and resolving the crosstalk between cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions.
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35
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Rodriguez N, Desai RA, Trappmann B, Baker BM, Chen CS. Micropatterned multicolor dynamically adhesive substrates to control cell adhesion and multicellular organization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1327-35. [PMID: 24401172 PMCID: PMC3983373 DOI: 10.1021/la404037s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel technique to examine cell-cell interactions and directed cell migration using micropatterned substrates of three distinct regions: an adhesive region, a nonadhesive region, and a dynamically adhesive region switched by addition of a soluble factor to the medium. Combining microcontact printing with avidin-biotin capture chemistry, we pattern nonadhesive regions of avidin that become adhesive through the capture of biotinylated fibronectin. Our strategy overcomes several limitations of current two-color dynamically adhesive substrates by incorporating a third, permanently nonadhesive region. Having three spatially and functionally distinct regions allows for the realization of more complex configurations of cellular cocultures as well as intricate interface geometries between two cell populations for diverse heterotypic cell-cell interaction studies. We can now achieve spatial control over the path and direction of migration in addition to temporal control of the onset of migration, enabling studies that better recapitulate coordinated multicellular migration and organization in vitro. We confirm that cellular behavior is unaltered on captured biotinylated fibronectin as compared to printed fibronectin by examining the cells' ability to spread, form adhesions, and migrate. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach in studies of migration and cellular cocultures, and further highlight its utility by probing Notch-Delta juxtacrine signaling at a patterned interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia
M. Rodriguez
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ravi A. Desai
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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36
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Rothbauer M, Küpcü S, Sticker D, Sleytr UB, Ertl P. Exploitation of S-layer anisotropy: pH-dependent nanolayer orientation for cellular micropatterning. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8020-8030. [PMID: 24004386 DOI: 10.1021/nn403198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a tunable, facile, and reliable cell patterning method using a self-assembled crystalline protein monolayer that, depending on its orientation, can exhibit either cell adhesive (cytophilic) or cell repulsive (cytophobic) surface properties. Our technique exploits, for the first time, the inherent biological anisotropy of the bacterial cell wall protein SbpA capable of interacting with its cytophilic inner side with components of the cell wall, while its outer cytophobic side interacts with the environment. By simply altering the recrystallization protocol from a basic to an acidic condition, the SbpA-protein layer orientation and function can be switched from preventing unspecific protein adsorption and cell adhesion to effectively promote cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. As a result, the same protein solution can be used to form cell adhesive and repulsive regions over large areas on a single substrate using a simple pH-dependent self-assembly procedure. The reliable establishment of cytophobic and cytophilic SbpA layers allows the generation of well-defined surface patterns that exhibit uniform height (9-10 nm), p4 lattice symmetry with center-to-center spacing of the morphological units of 12 nm, as well as similar surface potential and charge distributions under cell culture conditions. The pH-dependent "orientation switch" of the SbpA protein nanolayer was integrated with micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) technology to demonstrate its application for cell patterning using a variety of cell lines including epithelial, fibroblast and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, ‡Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, †BioSensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), University of Natural Resources and Life Science , Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria
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37
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Kharkar PM, Kiick KL, Kloxin AM. Designing degradable hydrogels for orthogonal control of cell microenvironments. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7335-72. [PMID: 23609001 PMCID: PMC3762890 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Degradable and cell-compatible hydrogels can be designed to mimic the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrices and provide tunability of degradation rates and related properties under physiological conditions. Hence, such hydrogels are finding widespread application in many bioengineering fields, including controlled bioactive molecule delivery, cell encapsulation for controlled three-dimensional culture, and tissue engineering. Cellular processes, such as adhesion, proliferation, spreading, migration, and differentiation, can be controlled within degradable, cell-compatible hydrogels with temporal tuning of biochemical or biophysical cues, such as growth factor presentation or hydrogel stiffness. However, thoughtful selection of hydrogel base materials, formation chemistries, and degradable moieties is necessary to achieve the appropriate level of property control and desired cellular response. In this review, hydrogel design considerations and materials for hydrogel preparation, ranging from natural polymers to synthetic polymers, are overviewed. Recent advances in chemical and physical methods to crosslink hydrogels are highlighted, as well as recent developments in controlling hydrogel degradation rates and modes of degradation. Special attention is given to spatial or temporal presentation of various biochemical and biophysical cues to modulate cell response in static (i.e., non-degradable) or dynamic (i.e., degradable) microenvironments. This review provides insight into the design of new cell-compatible, degradable hydrogels to understand and modulate cellular processes for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
- Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
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38
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López-Bosque MJ, Tejeda-Montes E, Cazorla M, Linacero J, Atienza Y, Smith KH, Lladó A, Colombelli J, Engel E, Mata A. Fabrication of hierarchical micro-nanotopographies for cell attachment studies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:255305. [PMID: 23727615 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of micro/nanofabrication processes to create hierarchical surface topographies that expand from 50 nm to microns in size on different materials. Three different approaches (named FIB1, FIB2, and EBL) that combine a variety of techniques such as photolithography, reactive ion etching, focused ion beam lithography, electron beam lithography, and soft lithography were developed, each one providing different advantages and disadvantages. The EBL approach was employed to fabricate substrates comprising channels with features between 200 nm and 10 μm in size on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which were then used to investigate the independent or competitive effects of micro- and nanotopographies on cell adhesion and morphology. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were cultured on four different substrates including 10 μm wide and 500 nm deep channels separated by 10 μm distances (MICRO), 200 nm wide and 100 nm deep nanochannels separated by 200 nm distances (NANO), their combination in parallel (PARAL), and in a perpendicular direction (PERP). Rat MSCs behaved differently on all tested substrates with a high degree of alignment (as measured by both number of aligned cells and average angle) on both NANO and MICRO. Furthermore, cells exhibited the highest level of alignment on PARAL, suggesting a synergetic effect of the two scales of topographies. On the other hand, cells on PERP exhibited the lowest alignment and a consistent change in morphology over time that seemed to be the result of interactions with both micro- and nanochannels positioned in the perpendicular direction, also suggesting a competitive effect of the topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J López-Bosque
- The Nanotechnology Platform, Parc Científic Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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39
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Tatkiewicz WI, Seras-Franzoso J, García-Fruitós E, Vazquez E, Ventosa N, Peebo K, Ratera I, Villaverde A, Veciana J. Two-dimensional microscale engineering of protein-based nanoparticles for cell guidance. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4774-4784. [PMID: 23705583 DOI: 10.1021/nn400907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell responses, such as positioning, morphological changes, proliferation, and apoptosis, are the result of complex chemical, topographical, and biological stimuli. Here we show the macroscopic responses of cells when nanoscale profiles made with inclusion bodies (IBs) are used for the 2D engineering of biological interfaces at the microscale. A deep statistical data treatment of fibroblasts cultivated on supports patterned with green fluorescent protein and human basic fibroblast growth factor-derived IBs demonstrates that these cells preferentially adhere to the IB areas and align and elongate according to specific patterns. These findings prove the potential of surface patterning with functional IBs as protein-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold I Tatkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Kaneko S, Yamaguchi K, Nakanishi J. Dynamic substrate based on photocleavable poly(ethylene glycol): zeta potential determines the capability of geometrical cell confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7300-7308. [PMID: 23298202 DOI: 10.1021/la304569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic substrates whose cell adhesiveness changes in response to an external stimulus are useful not only for patterning cells in various geometries but also for inducing cell migration or arraying heterotypic cells. The requirements for such applications are high switching efficiency in cell adhesiveness and long-term persistence of the created cellular patterns. In this study, we prepared a dynamic substrate bearing photocleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and examined the effect of the surface PEG density and the charge of cationic base materials on the above-mentioned key requirements. An amino-terminated substrate with a certain amino group density and charge was functionalized with photocleavable PEG5K, with and without subsequent backfilling of photocleavable PEG2K. The PEG chains made the surface non-cell-adhesive, but subsequent near-UV irradiation of the substrate induced photocleavage of the PEG, eventually making the surface cell-adhesive. The substrates were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, and zeta potential measurements, complemented with protein adsorption observations. Although the density of amino group in the base material affected both the grafting efficiency of the backfilling PEG and the electrokinetic potential mainly in the positive range, the latter mainly determined the protein- and cell-repelling abilities of the substrates. Furthermore, varying the surface compositions had almost no effect on the switching efficiency in the early stage of the culture, but it became more significant after culturing cells for a longer time; the cells fouled the nonirradiated PEGylated regions earlier on the surfaces with higher positive zeta potentials. These results indicate that the zeta potential is an essential factor in the long-term persistence of cellular patterns on photoactivatable substrates. This study not only provides a recipe for the development of a dynamic substrate with an adequate time frame but also clarifies how the interfacial nanoarchitectures, composed of the nanometer-scale PEG brushes and charged base materials, affect the biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kaneko
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
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41
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Local control of protein binding and cell adhesion by patterned organic thin films. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3673-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Vickerman V, Kim C, Kamm RD. Microfluidic Devices for Angiogenesis. MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN ANGIOGENESIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30856-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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43
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Choi JC, Doh J. High-throughput quantitative imaging of cell spreading dynamics by multi-step microscopy projection photolithography based on a cell-friendly photoresist. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4964-4967. [PMID: 23059818 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40695k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the high-throughput study of cell spreading dynamics is devised by multi-step microscopy projection photolithography based on a cell-friendly photoresist. By releasing a large number of rounded cells in single cell arrays and monitoring their spreading dynamics by interference reflection microscopy, a large number of cell spreading data can be acquired by a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Cheol Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, San31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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44
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Mimicking dynamic in vivo environments with stimuli-responsive materials for cell culture. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:426-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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45
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Wang H, Haeger SM, Kloxin AM, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Redirecting valvular myofibroblasts into dormant fibroblasts through light-mediated reduction in substrate modulus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39969. [PMID: 22808079 PMCID: PMC3396623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts residing in connective tissues throughout the body are responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and repair. In response to tissue damage, they activate to become myofibroblasts, which have organized contractile cytoskeletons and produce a myriad of proteins for ECM remodeling. However, persistence of myofibroblasts can lead to fibrosis with excessive collagen deposition and tissue stiffening. Thus, understanding which signals regulate de-activation of myofibroblasts during normal tissue repair is critical. Substrate modulus has recently been shown to regulate fibrogenic properties, proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts isolated from different organs. However, few studies track the cellular responses of fibroblasts to dynamic changes in the microenvironmental modulus. Here, we utilized a light-responsive hydrogel system to probe the fate of valvular myofibroblasts when the Young’s modulus of the substrate was reduced from ∼32 kPa, mimicking pre-calcified diseased tissue, to ∼7 kPa, mimicking healthy cardiac valve fibrosa. After softening the substrata, valvular myofibroblasts de-activated with decreases in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) stress fibers and proliferation, indicating a dormant fibroblast state. Gene signatures of myofibroblasts (including α-SMA and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)) were significantly down-regulated to fibroblast levels within 6 hours of in situ substrate elasticity reduction while a general fibroblast gene vimentin was not changed. Additionally, the de-activated fibroblasts were in a reversible state and could be re-activated to enter cell cycle by growth stimulation and to express fibrogenic genes, such as CTGF, collagen 1A1 and fibronectin 1, in response to TGF-β1. Our data suggest that lowering substrate modulus can serve as a cue to down-regulate the valvular myofibroblast phenotype resulting in a predominantly quiescent fibroblast population. These results provide insight in designing hydrogel substrates with physiologically relevant stiffness to dynamically redirect cell fate in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Haeger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Rolli CG, Nakayama H, Yamaguchi K, Spatz JP, Kemkemer R, Nakanishi J. Switchable adhesive substrates: Revealing geometry dependence in collective cell behavior. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2409-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Vignaud T, Galland R, Tseng Q, Blanchoin L, Colombelli J, Théry M. Reprogramming cell shape with laser nano-patterning. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2134-40. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell shape in vitro can be directed by geometrically-defined micropatterned adhesion substrates. However conventional methods are limited by the fixed micropattern design, which can not recapitulate the dynamic changes of the cell's microenvironment. Here, we manipulate the shape of living cells in real time by using scanned and tightly focused pulsed laser to introduce additional geometrically-defined adhesion sites. This easy-to-handle method allows a precise control of specific actin-based structures that regulate cell architecture. Actin filament bundles or branched meshworks were induced, displaced or removed in response to specific dynamic modifications of cell adhesion pattern. Isotropic branched actin meshworks could be forced to assemble locally new stress fibers and polarise in response to specific geometrical cues. The sub-micrometer resolution of the laser patterning allowed us to identify the critical distances between cell adhesion sites required for cell shape extension and contraction.
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48
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Peng R, Yao X, Ding J. Effect of cell anisotropy on differentiation of stem cells on micropatterned surfaces through the controlled single cell adhesion. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8048-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Moraes C, Sun Y, Simmons CA. (Micro)managing the mechanical microenvironment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:959-71. [PMID: 21931883 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical components of the cellular microenvironment and play a pivotal role in driving cellular processes in vivo. Dissecting cellular responses to mechanical forces is challenging, as even "simple" mechanical stimulation in vitro can cause multiple interdependent changes in the cellular microenvironment. These stimuli include solid deformation, fluid flows, altered physical and chemical surface features, and a complex transfer of loads between the various interacting components of a biological culture system. The active mechanical and biochemical responses of cells to these stimuli in generating internal forces, reorganizing cellular structures, and initiating intracellular signals that specify cell fate and remodel the surrounding environment further complicates cellular response to mechanical forces. Moreover, cells present a non-linear response to combinations of mechanical forces, materials, chemicals, surface features, matrix properties and other effectors. Microtechnology-based approaches to these challenges can yield key insights into the mechanical nature of cellular behaviour, by decoupling stimulation parameters; enabling multimodal control over combinations of stimuli; and increasing experimental throughput to systematically probe cellular response. In this critical review, we briefly discuss the complexities inherent in the mechanical stimulation of cells; survey and critically assess the applications of present microtechnologies in the field of experimental mechanobiology; and explore opportunities and possibilities to use these tools to obtain a deeper understanding of mechanical interactions between cells and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moraes
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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50
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Johnson DM, LaFranzo NA, Maurer JA. Creating two-dimensional patterned substrates for protein and cell confinement. J Vis Exp 2011:e3164. [PMID: 21912375 DOI: 10.3791/3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcontact printing provides a rapid, highly reproducible method for the creation of well-defined patterned substrates.(1) While microcontact printing can be employed to directly print a large number of molecules, including proteins,(2) DNA,(3) and silanes,(4) the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) from long chain alkane thiols on gold provides a simple way to confine proteins and cells to specific patterns containing adhesive and resistant regions. This confinement can be used to control cell morphology and is useful for examining a variety of questions in protein and cell biology. Here, we describe a general method for the creation of well-defined protein patterns for cellular studies.(5) This process involves three steps: the production of a patterned master using photolithography, the creation of a PDMS stamp, and microcontact printing of a gold-coated substrate. Once patterned, these cell culture substrates are capable of confining proteins and/or cells (primary cells or cell lines) to the pattern. The use of self-assembled monolayer chemistry allows for precise control over the patterned protein/cell adhesive regions and non-adhesive regions; this cannot be achieved using direct protein stamping. Hexadecanethiol, the long chain alkane thiol used in the microcontact printing step, produces a hydrophobic surface that readily adsorbs protein from solution. The glycol-terminated thiol, used for backfilling the non-printed regions of the substrate, creates a monolayer that is resistant to protein adsorption and therefore cell growth.(6) These thiol monomers produce highly structured monolayers that precisely define regions of the substrate that can support protein adsorption and cell growth. As a result, these substrates are useful for a wide variety of applications from the study of intercellular behavior(7) to the creation of microelectronics.(8) While other types of monolayer chemistry have been used for cell culture studies, including work from our group using trichlorosilanes to create patterns directly on glass substrates,(9) patterned monolayers formed from alkane thiols on gold are straight-forward to prepare. Moreover, the monomers used for monolayer preparation are commercially available, stable, and do not require storage or handling under inert atmosphere. Patterned substrates prepared from alkane thiols can also be recycled and reused several times, maintaining cell confinement.(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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