1
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Zhao GJ, Wang Y, An JH, Tang WY, Xu XD, Ren K. LncRNA DANCR promotes macrophage lipid accumulation through modulation of membrane cholesterol transporters. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205992. [PMID: 38968577 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis (AS), the pathological foundation of coronary artery disease (CAD), is featured by massive lipid deposition in the vessel wall. LncRNAs are implicated in lipid disorder and AS, whereas the specific role of lncRNA DANCR in atherogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that DANCR promotes macrophage lipid accumulation by regulating the expression of membrane cholesterol transport proteins. qPCR showed that compared to control groups, CAD patients and atherosclerotic mice had higher DANCR levels. Treating human THP-1 macrophages and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages with ox-LDL significantly upregulated the expression levels of DANCR. Oil Red O staining showed that the silence of DANCR robustly reduced, while overexpression of DANCR significantly increased the numbers and size of lipid droplets in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages. In contrast, the opposite phenomena were observed in DANCR overexpressing cells. The expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, and NBD-cholesterol efflux was increased obviously by DANCR inhibition and decreased by DANCR overexpression, respectively. Furthermore, transfection with DANCR siRNA induced a robust decrease in the levels of CD36, SR-A, and Dil-ox-LDL uptake, while DANCR overexpression amplified the expression of CD36, SR-A and the uptake of Dil-ox-LDL in lipid-laden macrophages. Lastly, we found that the effects of DANCR on macrophage lipid accumulation and the expression of membrane cholesterol transport proteins were not likely related to miR-33a. The present study unraveled the adverse role of DANCR in foam cell formation and its relationship with cholesterol transport proteins. However, the competing endogenous RNA network underlying these phenomena warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Zhao
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hong An
- College of Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Wan-Ying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ren
- College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, Hainan, P.R. China
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2
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Werren EA, Peirent ER, Jantti H, Guxholli A, Srivastava KR, Orenstein N, Narayanan V, Wiszniewski W, Dawidziuk M, Gawlinski P, Umair M, Khan A, Khan SN, Geneviève D, Lehalle D, van Gassen KLI, Giltay JC, Oegema R, van Jaarsveld RH, Rafiullah R, Rappold GA, Rabin R, Pappas JG, Wheeler MM, Bamshad MJ, Tsan YC, Johnson MB, Keegan CE, Srivastava A, Bielas SL. Biallelic variants in CSMD1 are implicated in a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability and variable cortical malformations. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:379. [PMID: 38816421 PMCID: PMC11140003 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
CSMD1 (Cub and Sushi Multiple Domains 1) is a well-recognized regulator of the complement cascade, an important component of the innate immune response. CSMD1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where emergent functions of the complement pathway modulate neural development and synaptic activity. While a genetic risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, the role of CSMD1 in neurodevelopmental disorders is unclear. Through international variant sharing, we identified inherited biallelic CSMD1 variants in eight individuals from six families of diverse ancestry who present with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and polymicrogyria. We modeled CSMD1 loss-of-function (LOF) pathogenesis in early-stage forebrain organoids differentiated from CSMD1 knockout human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show that CSMD1 is necessary for neuroepithelial cytoarchitecture and synchronous differentiation. In summary, we identified a critical role for CSMD1 in brain development and biallelic CSMD1 variants as the molecular basis of a previously undefined neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Werren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Advanced Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CTt, 06032, USA
| | - Emily R Peirent
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henna Jantti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alba Guxholli
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kinshuk Raj Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, 4920235, Israel
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Wojciech Wiszniewski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mateusz Dawidziuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, 01-211, Poland
| | - Pawel Gawlinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, 01-211, Poland
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 28420, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - David Geneviève
- Montpellier University, Inserm Unit U1183, Reference Center for Rare Diseases and Developmental Anomalies, CHU, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- Sorbonne University, Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Armand Trousseau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - K L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques C Giltay
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H van Jaarsveld
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Rafiullah Rafiullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, BUITEMS, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Rachel Rabin
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - John G Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marsha M Wheeler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Yao-Chang Tsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anshika Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
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Zeng GG, Lei Q, Jiang WL, Zhang XX, Nie L, Gong X, Zheng K. A new perspective on the current and future development potential of ABCG1. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102161. [PMID: 37875209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
ABCG1 is an essential protein involved in the efflux of intracellular cholesterol to the extracellular space, thus playing a critical role in reducing cholesterol accumulation in neighboring tissues. Bibliometric analysis pertains to the interdisciplinary field of quantitative examination of diverse documents using mathematical and statistical techniques. It integrates the investigation of structural and temporal patterns in academic publications with an exploration of subject focus and forms of uncertainty. This research paper examines the historical evolution, current areas of interest, and future development trends of ABCG1 through bibliometric analysis. This study aims to offer readers insights into the research status and emerging trends of ABCG1, thereby assisting researchers in the exciting field to explore novel research avenues. Following rigorous selection, research on ABCG1 has remained highly active over the past two decades. ABCG1 has even started to emerge in previously unrelated fields, such as the field of cancer research. According to the analysis conducted by Citespace, a lot of keywords and influential citations were identified. ABCG1 has been found to establish a connection between cancer and cardiovascular disease, highlighting their interrelationship. This review aims to assist readers who have limited familiarity with ABCG1 research in gaining a rapid understanding of its developmental trajectory. Additionally, it aims to offer researchers potential areas of focus for future studies related to ABCG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Gui Zeng
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiong Lei
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xianghao Gong
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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5
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Teigen M, Ølnes ÅS, Bjune K, Leren TP, Bogsrud MP, Strøm TB. Functional characterization of missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a fluorescence-based assay. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100482. [PMID: 38052254 PMCID: PMC10792246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess cholesterol originating from nonhepatic tissues is transported within HDL particles to the liver for metabolism and excretion. Cholesterol efflux is initiated by lipid-free or lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1 interacting with the transmembrane protein ABCA1, a key player in cholesterol homeostasis. Defective ABCA1 results in reduced serum levels of HDL cholesterol, deposition of cholesterol in arteries, and an increased risk of early onset CVD. Over 300 genetic variants in ABCA1 have been reported, many of which are associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Only a few of these have been functionally characterized. In this study, we have analyzed 51 previously unclassified missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a sensitive, easy, and low-cost fluorescence-based assay. Among these, only 12 variants showed a distinct loss-of-function phenotype, asserting their direct association with severe HDL disorders. These findings emphasize the crucial role of functional characterization of genetic variants in pathogenicity assessment and precision medicine. The functional rescue of ABCA1 loss-of-function variants through proteasomal inhibition or by the use of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid was genotype specific. Genotype-specific responses were also observed for the ability of apolipoprotein A1 to stabilize the different ABCA1 variants. In view of personalized medicine, this could potentially form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Sorci-Thomas MG, Hegele RA, Remaley AT. A Century of Milestones and Breakthroughs Related to Low- and High-Density Lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:7-11. [PMID: 38150515 PMCID: PMC10760802 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Laboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Bodaghi AB, Ebadi E, Gholami MJ, Azizi R, Shariati A. A decreased level of high-density lipoprotein is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1779. [PMID: 38125279 PMCID: PMC10731824 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized primarily by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) play a significant role in preventing the incidence of dyslipidemia and its complications. HDL has different protective functions, such as reducing oxidation, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis; additionally, its anti-diabetic role is one of the most significant recent discoveries about HDL and some of its constituent lipoproteins. Methods This research reviews ongoing studies and preliminary investigations into the assessment of relation between decreased level of HDL and T2DM. Results The levels of HDL and its functions contribute to glucose hemostasis and the development of T2DM through four possible mechanisms, including insulin secretion by beta cells, peripheral insulin sensitivity, non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake, and adipose tissue metabolic activity. Additionally, the anti-oxidant properties of HDL protect beta cells from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation induced by low-density lipoprotein, which facilitate insulin secretion. Conclusion Therefore, HDL and its compositions, especially Apo A-I, play an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, and decreased levels of HDL can be considered a risk factor for DM. Different factors, such as hypoalphalipoproteinemia that manifests as a consequence of genetic factors, such as Apo A-I deficiency, as well as secondary causes arising from lifestyle choices and underlying medical conditions that decrease the level of HDL, could be associated with DM. Moreover, intricate connections between HDL and diabetic complications extend beyond glucose metabolism to encompass complications like cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Therefore, the exact interactions between HDL level and DM should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bayat Bodaghi
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Erfan Ebadi
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Mohammad Javad Gholami
- Student Research CommitteeKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Reza Azizi
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research CentreKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
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8
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Razavi AC, Mehta A, Jain V, Patel P, Liu C, Patel N, Eisenberg S, Vaccarino V, Isiadinso I, Sperling LS, Quyyumi AA. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Exploring and Explaining the "U"-Shaped Curve. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1725-1733. [PMID: 37971636 PMCID: PMC10898346 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review updates for the association of HDL-cholesterol with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and discuss the approach to incorporating HDL-cholesterol within risk assessment. RECENT FINDINGS There is a U-shaped relationship between HDL-cholesterol and ASCVD. Both low HDL-cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women) and very-high HDL-cholesterol (≥ 80 mg/dL in men) are associated with a higher risk of all-cause and ASCVD mortality, independent from traditional risk factors. There has been inconsistency for the association between very-high HDL-cholesterol and mortality outcomes in women. It is uncertain whether HDL-cholesterol is a causal ASCVD risk factor, especially due to mixed results from Mendelian randomization studies and the collinearity of HDL-cholesterol with established risk factors, lifestyle behaviors, and socioeconomic status. HDL-cholesterol is a risk factor or risk enhancer in primary prevention and high-risk condition in secondary prevention when either low (men and women) or very-high (men). The contribution of HDL-cholesterol to ASCVD risk calculators should reflect its observed U-shaped association with all-cause and ASCVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Razavi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parth Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott Eisenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ijeoma Isiadinso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Paseban T, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:531-552. [PMID: 37428709 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2235718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that effluxes cholesterol from cells, particularly astrocytes, into the extracellular space. The recent studies pertaining to ABCA1's role in CNS disorders were included in this study. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive literature review, preclinical and human studies showed that ABCA1 has a significant role in the following diseases or disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, anxiety, depression, psychosis, epilepsy, stroke, and brain ischemia and trauma. EXPERT OPINION ABCA1 via modulating normal and aberrant brain functions such as apoptosis, phagocytosis, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, amyloid β efflux, myelination, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmission promotes beneficial effects in aforementioned diseases. ABCA1 is a key molecule in the CNS. By boosting its expression or function, some CNS disorders may be resolved. In preclinical studies, liver X receptor agonists have shown promise in treating CNS disorders via ABCA1 and apoE enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Paseban
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Zvintzou E, Xepapadaki E, Skroubis G, Mparnia V, Giannatou K, Benabdellah K, Kypreos KE. High-Density Lipoprotein in Metabolic Disorders and Beyond: An Exciting New World Full of Challenges and Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:855. [PMID: 37375802 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an enigmatic member of the plasma lipid and lipoprotein transport system, best known for its ability to promote the reverse cholesterol efflux and the unloading of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. More recently, data in experimental mice and humans suggest that HDL may play important novel roles in other physiological processes associated with various metabolic disorders. Important parameters in the HDL functions are its apolipoprotein and lipid content, further reinforcing the principle that HDL structure defines its functionality. Thus, based on current evidence, low levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) or dysfunctional HDL particles contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, low levels of HDL-C and dysfunctional HDL particles are observed in patients with multiple myeloma and other types of cancer. Therefore, adjusting HDL-C levels within the optimal range and improving HDL particle functionality is expected to benefit such pathological conditions. The failure of previous clinical trials testing various HDL-C-raising pharmaceuticals does not preclude a significant role for HDL in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders. Those trials were designed on the principle of "the more the better", ignoring the U-shape relationship between HDL-C levels and morbidity and mortality. Thus, many of these pharmaceuticals should be retested in appropriately designed clinical trials. Novel gene-editing-based pharmaceuticals aiming at altering the apolipoprotein composition of HDL are expected to revolutionize the treatment strategies, improving the functionality of dysfunctional HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - George Skroubis
- Morbid Obesity Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Victoria Mparnia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Giannatou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Avda. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
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11
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Chen JS, Xie PF, Feng H. The role of exercise in improving hyperlipidemia-renal injuries induced by a high-fat diet: a literature review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15435. [PMID: 37283893 PMCID: PMC10239619 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet that is high in sugar and fat is a precursor to various chronic diseases, especially hyperlipidemia. Patients with hyperlipidemia have increased levels of plasma free fatty acids and an ectopic accumulation of lipids. The kidney is one of the main organs affected by this disease and, recently, there have been more studies conducted on renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia. The main pathological mechanism is closely related to renal lipotoxicity. However, in different kidney cells, the reaction mechanism varies due to the different affinities of the lipid receptors. At present, it is believed that in addition to lipotoxicity, hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury is also closely related to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammatory reactions, which are the result of multiple factors. Exercise plays an important role in the prevention of various chronic diseases and recently emerging researches indicated its positive effects to renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia. However, there are few studies summarizing the effects of exercise on this disease and the specific mechanisms need to be further explored. This article summarizes the mechanisms of hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury at the cellular level and discusses the ways in which exercise may regulate it. The results provide theoretical support and novel approaches for identifying the intervention target to treat hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shunzi Chen
- Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Fei Xie
- Guizhou Institute of Sports Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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12
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Gul R, Firasat S, Schubert M, Ullah A, Peña E, Thuesen ACB, Hussain M, Staeger FF, Gjesing AP, Albrechtsen A, Hansen T. Identifying the genetic causes of phenotypically diagnosed Pakistani mucopolysaccharidoses patients by whole genome sequencing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1128850. [PMID: 37091798 PMCID: PMC10113632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which encompass more than 50 different subtypes of pathologies. These disorders are caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes, transporters, and other non-lysosomal proteins. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is the most common subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders in which the body is unable to properly breakdown mucopolysaccharides. The aim of the present study was to identify novel genes and pathogenic variants in families from diverse regions of Pakistan with clinically diagnosed mucopolysaccharidosis type I and mucopolysaccharidosis type II.Methods: Clinical diagnosis identified 12 with mucopolysaccharidosis I and 2 with mucopolysaccharidosis II in 14 families and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify the causative variations in 15 affected individuals. Twenty-two unaffected individuals including parents or normal siblings of patients were also sequenced. Putative causal variants were identified by co-segregation and functional annotation.Results: Analysis of whole genome sequencing data revealed ten novel and six previously reported variants in lysosomal storage disorders-associated genes (IDUA, GALNS, SGSH, GAA, IDS, ALDOB, TRAPPC4, MASP1, SMARCAL, KIAA1109, HERC1, RRAS2) and a novel candidate gene (ABCA5) for lysosomal storage disorder-like phenotypes, which has previously been associated with symptoms strongly related with lysosomal storage disorder in animal models.Conclusion: Multigenic inheritance was found in several families highlighting the importance of searching for homozygous pathogenic variants in several genes also in families with a high degree of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutaba Gul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sabika Firasat, ; Torben Hansen,
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elionora Peña
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne C. B. Thuesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mulazim Hussain
- The Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Frederik F. Staeger
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette P. Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sabika Firasat, ; Torben Hansen,
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13
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Shavva VS, Babina AV, Nekrasova EV, Lisunov AV, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Orlov SV. Insulin Downregulates the Expression of ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A-I in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2 in a FOXO1 and LXR Dependent Manner. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:151-160. [PMID: 36251137 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A-I (ABCA1) is an ubiquitously expressed protein whose main function is the transmembrane transport of cholesterol and phospholipids. Synthesis of ABCA1 protein in liver is necessary for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation in mammals. Thus, the mechanism of ABCA1 gene expression regulation in hepatocytes are of critical importance. Recently, we have found the insulin-dependent downregulation of other key player in the HDL formation-apolipoprotein A-I gene (J. Cell. Biochem., 2017, 118:382-396). Nothing is known about the role of insulin in the regulation of ABCA1 gene. Here we show for the first time that insulin decreases the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. PI3K, p38, MEK1/2, JNK and mTORC1 signaling pathways are involved in the insulin-mediated downregulation of human ABCA1 gene. Transcription factors LXRα, LXRβ, FOXO1 and NF-κB are important contributors to this process, while FOXA2 does not regulate ABCA1 gene expression. Insulin causes the decrease in FOXO1, LXRα and LXRβ binding to ABCA1 promoter, which is likely the cause of the decrease in the gene expression. Interestingly, the murine ABCA1 gene seems to be not regulated by insulin in hepatocytes (in vitro and in vivo). We suggest that the reason for this discrepancy is the difference in the 5'-regulatory regions of human and murine ABCA1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Babina
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Nekrasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V Lisunov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ella B Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina N Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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14
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Choi HY, Choi S, Iatan I, Ruel I, Genest J. Biomedical Advances in ABCA1 Transporter: From Bench to Bedside. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020561. [PMID: 36831097 PMCID: PMC9953649 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) has been identified as the molecular defect in Tangier disease. It is biochemically characterized by absence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the circulation, resulting in the accumulation of cholesterol in lymphoid tissues. Accumulation of cholesterol in arteries is an underlying cause of atherosclerosis, and HDL-C levels are inversely associated with the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ABCA1 increases HDL-C levels by driving the generation of new HDL particles in cells, and cellular cholesterol is removed in the process of HDL generation. Therefore, pharmacological strategies that promote the HDL biogenic process by increasing ABCA1 expression and activity have been intensively studied to reduce ASCVD. Many ABCA1-upregulating agents have been developed, and some have shown promising effects in pre-clinical studies, but no clinical trials have met success yet. ABCA1 has long been an attractive drug target, but the failed clinical trials have indicated the difficulty of therapeutic upregulation of ABCA1, as well as driving us to: improve our understanding of the ABCA1 regulatory system; to develop more specific and sophisticated strategies to upregulate ABCA1 expression; and to search for novel druggable targets in the ABCA1-dependent HDL biogenic process. In this review, we discuss the beginning, recent advances, challenges and future directions in ABCA1 research aimed at developing ABCA1-directed therapies for ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y. Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 35796)
| | - Senna Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Iulia Iatan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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15
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Gabanella F, Onori A, Pisani C, Fiore M, Ferraguti G, Colizza A, de Vincentiis M, Ceccanti M, Inghilleri M, Corbi N, Passananti C, Di Certo MG. SMN Deficiency Destabilizes ABCA1 Expression in Human Fibroblasts: Novel Insights in Pathophysiology of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032916. [PMID: 36769246 PMCID: PMC9917534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare neuromuscular disease that affects different organs. SMN is a key player in RNA metabolism regulation. An intriguing aspect of SMN function is its relationship with plasma membrane-associated proteins. Here, we provide a first demonstration that SMN affects the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, (ABCA1), a membrane protein critically involved in cholesterol homeostasis. In human fibroblasts, we showed that SMN associates to ABCA1 mRNA, and impacts its subcellular distribution. Consistent with the central role of ABCA1 in the efflux of free cholesterol from cells, we observed a cholesterol accumulation in SMN-depleted human fibroblasts. These results were also confirmed in SMA type I patient-derived fibroblasts. These findings not only validate the intimate connection between SMN and plasma membrane-associated proteins, but also highlight a contribution of dysregulated cholesterol efflux in SMA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Annalisa Onori
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pisani
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ceccanti
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
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16
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Kennelly JP, Tontonoz P. Cholesterol Transport to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041263. [PMID: 35940908 PMCID: PMC9899650 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most cholesterol in mammalian cells is stored in the plasma membrane (PM). Cholesterol transport from the PM to low-sterol regulatory regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) controls cholesterol synthesis and uptake, and thereby influences the rates of cholesterol flux between tissues of complex organisms. Cholesterol transfer to the ER is also required for steroidogenesis, oxysterol and bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol esterification. The ER-resident Aster proteins (Aster-A, -B, and -C) form contacts with the PM to move cholesterol to the ER in mammals. Mice lacking Aster-B have low adrenal cholesteryl ester stores and impaired steroidogenesis because of a defect in cholesterol transport from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to the ER. This work reviews the molecular characteristics of Asters, their role in HDL- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol movement, and how cholesterol transferred to the ER is utilized by cells. The roles of other lipid transporters and of membrane lipid organization in maintaining aspects of cholesterol homeostasis are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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17
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Yang J, Chen Y, Zou T, Xue B, Yang F, Wang X, Huo Y, Yan B, Xu Y, He S, Yin Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Tai Z, Shuai P, Yu M, Luo Q, Cheng Y, Gong B, Zhu X, Zhang J, Sun X, Lin Y, Zhang H, Yang Z. Cholesterol homeostasis regulated by ABCA1 is critical for retinal ganglion cell survival. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:211-225. [PMID: 35829808 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have suggested a link between primary open-angle glaucoma and the function of ABCA1. ABCA1 is a key regulator of cholesterol efflux and the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Here, we showed that the POAG risk allele near ABCA1 attenuated ABCA1 expression in cultured cells. Consistently, POAG patients exhibited lower ABCA1 expression, reduced HDL, and higher cholesterol in white blood cells. Ablation of Abca1 in mice failed to form HDL, leading to elevated cholesterol levels in the retina. Counting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by using an artificial intelligence (AI) program revealed that Abca1-deficient mice progressively lost RGCs with age. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed aberrant oxidative phosphorylation in the Abca1-/- retina, as well as activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway and suppression of autophagy. Treatment of Abca1-/- mice using atorvastatin reduced the cholesterol level in the retina, thereby improving metabolism and protecting RGCs from death. Collectively, we show that lower ABCA1 expression and lower HDL are risk factors for POAG. Accumulated cholesterol in the Abca1-/- retina causes profound aberrant metabolism, leading to a POAG-like phenotype that can be prevented by atorvastatin. Our findings establish statin use as a preventive treatment for POAG associated with lower ABCA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tongdan Zou
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiangzhou Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yibo Huo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Boyun Yan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuxia Xu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shiyu He
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610093, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yilian Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610093, China.
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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18
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Le LTM, Thompson JR, Dehghani‐Ghahnaviyeh S, Pant S, Dang PX, French JB, Kanikeyo T, Tajkhorshid E, Alam A. Cryo-EM structures of human ABCA7 provide insights into its phospholipid translocation mechanisms. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111065. [PMID: 36484366 PMCID: PMC9890230 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid extrusion by ABC subfamily A (ABCA) exporters is central to cellular physiology, although the specifics of the underlying substrate interactions and transport mechanisms remain poorly resolved at the molecular level. Here we report cryo-EM structures of lipid-embedded human ABCA7 in an open state and in a nucleotide-bound, closed state at resolutions between 3.6 and 4.0 Å. The former reveals an ordered patch of bilayer lipids traversing the transmembrane domain (TMD), while the latter reveals a lipid-free, closed TMD with a small extracellular opening. These structures offer a structural framework for both substrate entry and exit from the ABCA7 TMD and highlight conserved rigid-body motions that underlie the associated conformational transitions. Combined with functional analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, our data also shed light on lipid partitioning into the ABCA7 TMD and localized membrane perturbations that underlie ABCA7 function and have broader implications for other ABCA family transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi My Le
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMNUSA
| | | | - Sepehr Dehghani‐Ghahnaviyeh
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Shashank Pant
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Present address:
Loxo Oncology at LillyLouisvilleCOUSA
| | | | | | | | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Amer Alam
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMNUSA
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19
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Futamata R, Kinoshita M, Ogiwara K, Kioka N, Ueda K. Cholesterol accumulation in ovarian follicles causes ovulation defects in Abca1a -/- Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Heliyon 2023; 9:e13291. [PMID: 36816300 PMCID: PMC9932449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane protein, which exports excess cellular cholesterol to generate HDL to reduce the risk of the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition, ABCA1 exerts pleiotropic effects on such as inflammation, tissue repair, and cell proliferation and migration. In this study, we explored the novel physiological roles of ABCA1 using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small teleost fish. Three Abca1 genes were found in the medaka genome. ABCA1A and ABCA1C exported cholesterol to generate nascent HDL as human ABCA1 when expressed in HEK293 cells. To investigate their physiological roles, each Abca1-deficient fish was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Abca1a -/- female medaka was found to be infertile, while Abca1b -/- and Abca1c -/- female medaka were fertile. In vitro ovarian follicle culture suggested that Abca1a deficiency causes ovulation defects. In the ovary, ABCA1A was expressed in theca cells, an outermost layer of the ovarian follicle. Total cholesterol content of Abca1a -/- ovary was significantly higher than that of the wild-type, while estrogen and progestin contents were compatible with those of the wild-type. Furthermore, cholesterol loading to the wild-type follicles caused ovulation defects. These results suggest that ABCA1A in theca cells regulates cholesterol content in the ovarian follicles and its deficiency inhibits successful ovulation through cholesterol accumulation in the ovarian follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Futamata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsueki Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), KUIAS, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Ouidir M, Chatterjee S, Wu J, Tekola-Ayele F. Genomic study of maternal lipid traits in early pregnancy concurs with four known adult lipid loci. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:168-180. [PMID: 36443208 PMCID: PMC9974591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipids during pregnancy are associated with cardiovascular diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in predominantly male European ancestry populations have identified genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. However, the genetic architecture of blood lipids in pregnant women remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels among pregnant women from diverse ancestry groups and to evaluate whether previously known lipid loci in predominantly European adults are transferable to pregnant women. METHODS The trans-ancestry GWAS were conducted on serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides during first trimester among pregnant women from four population groups (608 European-, 623 African-, 552 Hispanic- and 235 East Asian-Americans) recruited in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies cohort. The four GWAS summary statistics were combined using trans-ancestry meta-analysis approaches that account for genetic heterogeneity among populations. RESULTS Loci in CELSR2 and APOE were genome-wide significantly associated (p-value < 5×10-8) with total cholesterol and LDL levels. Loci near CETP and ABCA1 approached genome-wide significant association with HDL (p-value = 2.97×10-7 and 9.71×10-8, respectively). Less than 20% of previously known adult lipid loci were transferable to pregnant women. CONCLUSION This trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis in pregnant women identified associations that concur with four known adult lipid loci. Limited replication of known lipid-loci from predominantly European study populations to pregnant women underlines the need for genomic studies of lipids in ancestrally diverse pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00912132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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22
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Ogasawara F, Ueda K. ABCA1 and cholesterol transfer protein Aster-A promote an asymmetric cholesterol distribution in the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102702. [PMID: 36395885 PMCID: PMC9747601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major and essential component of the mammalian cell plasma membrane (PM), and the loss of cholesterol homeostasis leads to various pathologies. Cellular cholesterol uptake and synthesis are regulated by a cholesterol sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, it remains unclear how changes in the cholesterol level of the PM are recognized. Here, we show that the sensing of cholesterol in the PM depends on ABCA1 and the cholesterol transfer protein Aster-A, which cooperatively maintain the asymmetric transbilayer cholesterol distribution in the PM. We demonstrate that ABCA1 translocates (flops) cholesterol from the inner leaflet of the PM to the outer leaflet of the PM to maintain a low inner leaflet cholesterol level. We also found that when inner cholesterol levels were increased, Aster-A was recruited to the PM-ER contact site to transfer cholesterol to the ER. These results suggest that ABCA1 could promote an asymmetric cholesterol distribution to suppress Aster-A recruitment to the PM-ER contact site to maintain intracellular cholesterol homeostasis.
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23
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Katzeff JS, Lok HC, Bhatia S, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Kim WS. ATP-binding cassette transporter expression is widely dysregulated in frontotemporal dementia with TDP-43 inclusions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1043127. [PMID: 36385764 PMCID: PMC9663841 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1043127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is highly enriched in lipids and increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of lipids in the brain is associated with neurodegeneration. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA) transporters control the movement of lipids across cellular membranes and are implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, very little is known about the role of ABCA transporters in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP), which is a common form of younger-onset dementia. We therefore undertook a comprehensive analysis of the expression of ABCA transporters (ABCA1-13) in five key brain regions (amygdala, inferior temporal cortex, superior frontal cortex, cerebellum and parietal cortex) in FTLD-TDP and controls. We found that the expression of ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA7, ABCA9, ABCA10 and ABCA13 was significantly altered in FTLD-TDP in a region-specific manner. In addition, the expression of ABCA transporters correlated specifically to different neural markers and TARDBP. These results suggest substantial dysregulation of ABCA transporters and lipid metabolism in FTLD-TDP and these changes are associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Shishioh N, Kiryu-Seo S, Abe-Dohmae S, Yokoyama S, Kiyama H. Expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 is induced by nerve injury and its deficiency affects neurite tip morphology and elongation in cultured neurons. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102164. [PMID: 36122678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration requires changes in the lipid dynamics of the axon membrane for growth and extension. Here, we examined the expression of genes associated with lipid transport after nerve injury. The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1), which participates in the transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane, was markedly upregulated in motor and sensory neurons after nerve injury. Stimulation of PC12 cells with the nerve growth factor induced neurite extension and ABCA1 expression predominantly in regions proximal to the neurite tip. To clarify the functional role of ABCA1 in neurite elongation, we examined the morphology of neurons cultured from conditionally-injured dorsal root ganglia from ABCA1-deficient mice. We found a significant increase in neurite branch formation in these neurons. In addition, the neurite tips of ABCA1-deficient neurons appeared excessively ruffled, and the direction of neurite elongation was unsteady. In contrast, the neurite tips of wild-type neurons were not excessively ruffled, and the neurites elongated rapidly in a stable directionally-oriented manner. Together, these findings suggest that ABCA1 plays an important role in regulating the membrane lipid composition of injured neurons and in axonal regeneration following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Shishioh
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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25
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Arias A, Quiroz A, Santander N, Morselli E, Busso D. Implications of High-Density Cholesterol Metabolism for Oocyte Biology and Female Fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941539. [PMID: 36187480 PMCID: PMC9518216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of animal cells. Different regulatory mechanisms converge to maintain adequate levels of this lipid because both its deficiency and excess are unfavorable. Low cell cholesterol content promotes its synthesis and uptake from circulating lipoproteins. In contrast, its excess induces the efflux to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and their transport to the liver for excretion, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Different studies suggest that an abnormal HDL metabolism hinders female fertility. HDL are the only lipoproteins detected in substantial amounts in follicular fluid (FF), and their size and composition correlate with embryo quality. Oocytes obtain cholesterol from cumulus cells via gap junctions because they cannot synthesize cholesterol de novo and lack HDL receptors. Recent evidence has supported the possibility that FF HDL play a major role in taking up excess unesterified cholesterol (UC) from the oocyte. Indeed, genetically modified mouse models with disruptions in reverse cholesterol transport, some of which show excessive circulating UC levels, exhibit female infertility. Cholesterol accumulation can affect the egg´s viability, as reported in other cell types, and activate the plasma membrane structure and activity of membrane proteins. Indeed, in mice deficient for the HDL receptor Scavenger Class B Type I (SR-B1), excess circulating HDL cholesterol and UC accumulation in oocytes impairs meiosis arrest and hinders the developmental capacity of the egg. In other cells, the addition of cholesterol activates calcium channels and dysregulates cell death/survival signaling pathways, suggesting that these mechanisms may link altered HDL cholesterol metabolism and infertility. Although cholesterol, and lipids in general, are usually not evaluated in infertile patients, one study reported high circulating UC levels in women showing longer time to pregnancy as an outcome of fertility. Based on the evidence described above, we propose the existence of a well-regulated and largely unexplored system of cholesterol homeostasis controlling traffic between FF HDL and oocytes, with significant implications for female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Arias
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Quiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Dolores Busso,
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26
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Targeting ABCC6 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impairment of Mature Adipocyte Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169218. [PMID: 36012482 PMCID: PMC9409192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette transporter with a so far unknown substrate mainly expressed in the liver and kidney, cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Symptoms of PXE in patients originate from the calcification of elastic fibers in the skin, eye, and vessels. Previous studies suggested an involvement of ABCC6 in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. The intention of this study was to examine the influence of ABCC6 deficiency during adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hMSCs). Induction of adipogenic differentiation goes along with significantly elevated ABCC6 gene expression in mature adipocytes. We generated an ABCC6-deficient cell culture model using clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat Cas9 (CRISPR–Cas9) system to clarify the role of ABCC6 in lipid homeostasis. The lack of ABCC6 in hMSCs does not influence gene expression of differentiation markers in adipogenesis but results in a decreased triglyceride content in cell culture medium. Protein and gene expression analysis of mature ABCC6-deficient adipocytes showed diminished intra- and extra-cellular lipolysis, release of lipids, and fatty acid neogenesis. Therefore, our results demonstrate impaired lipid trafficking in adipocytes due to ABCC6 deficiency, highlighting adipose tissue and peripheral lipid metabolism as a relevant target for uncovering systemic PXE pathogenesis.
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27
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HDL, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1: Free from good and evil dualism. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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28
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Deaton AM, Dubey A, Ward LD, Dornbos P, Flannick J, Yee E, Ticau S, Noetzli L, Parker MM, Hoffing RA, Willis C, Plekan ME, Holleman AM, Hinkle G, Fitzgerald K, Vaishnaw AK, Nioi P. Rare loss of function variants in the hepatokine gene INHBE protect from abdominal obesity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4319. [PMID: 35896531 PMCID: PMC9329324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic variants associated with lower waist-to-hip ratio can reveal new therapeutic targets for abdominal obesity. We use exome sequences from 362,679 individuals to identify genes associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), a surrogate for abdominal fat that is causally linked to type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Predicted loss of function (pLOF) variants in INHBE associate with lower WHRadjBMI and this association replicates in data from AMP-T2D-GENES. INHBE encodes a secreted protein, the hepatokine activin E. In vitro characterization of the most common INHBE pLOF variant in our study, indicates an in-frame deletion resulting in a 90% reduction in secreted protein levels. We detect associations with lower WHRadjBMI for variants in ACVR1C, encoding an activin receptor, further highlighting the involvement of activins in regulating fat distribution. These findings highlight activin E as a potential therapeutic target for abdominal obesity, a phenotype linked to cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Dornbos
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elaine Yee
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Nioi
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Potential Therapeutic Agents That Target ATP Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) Gene Expression. Drugs 2022; 82:1055-1075. [PMID: 35861923 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol efflux protein ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA) and apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) are key constituents in the process of reverse-cholesterol transport (RCT), whereby excess cholesterol in the periphery is transported to the liver where it can be converted primarily to bile acids for either use in digestion or excreted. Due to their essential roles in RCT, numerous studies have been conducted in cells, mice, and humans to more thoroughly understand the pathways that regulate their expression and activity with the goal of developing therapeutics that enhance RCT to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Many of the drugs and natural compounds examined target several transcription factors critical for ABCA1 expression in both macrophages and the liver. Likewise, several miRNAs target not only ABCA1 but also the same transcription factors that are critical for its high expression. However, after years of research and many preclinical and clinical trials, only a few leads have proven beneficial in this regard. In this review we discuss the various transcription factors that serve as drug targets for ABCA1 and provide an update on some important leads.
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30
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Personalized Medicine for the Critically Ill Patient: A Narrative Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized Medicine (PM) is rapidly advancing in everyday medical practice. Technological advances allow researchers to reach patients more than ever with their discoveries. The critically ill patient is probably the most complex of all, and personalized medicine must make serious efforts to fulfill the desire to “treat the individual, not the disease”. The complexity of critically ill pathologies arises from the severe state these patients and from the deranged pathways of their diseases. PM constitutes the integration of basic research into clinical practice; however, to make this possible complex and voluminous data require processing through even more complex mathematical models. The result of processing biodata is a digitized individual, from which fragments of information can be extracted for specific purposes. With this review, we aim to describe the current state of PM technologies and methods and explore its application in critically ill patients, as well as some of the challenges associated with PM in intensive care from the perspective of economic, approval, and ethical issues. This review can help in understanding the complexity of, P.M.; the complex processes needed for its application in critically ill patients, the benefits that make the effort of implementation worthwhile, and the current challenges of PM.
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HDL as Bidirectional Lipid Vectors: Time for New Paradigms. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051180. [PMID: 35625916 PMCID: PMC9138557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been explained mainly by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from peripheral tissues to the liver. The RCT seems to agree with most of the negative epidemiological correlations between HDL cholesterol levels and coronary artery disease. However, therapies designed to increase HDL cholesterol failed to reduce cardiovascular risk, despite their capacity to improve cholesterol efflux, the first stage of RCT. Therefore, the cardioprotective role of HDL may not be explained by RCT, and it is time for new paradigms about the physiological function of these lipoproteins. It should be considered that the main HDL apolipoprotein, apo AI, has been highly conserved throughout evolution. Consequently, these lipoproteins play an essential physiological role beyond their capacity to protect against atherosclerosis. We propose HDL as bidirectional lipid vectors carrying lipids from and to tissues according to their local context. Lipid influx mediated by HDL appears to be particularly important for tissue repair right on site where the damage occurs, including arteries during the first stages of atherosclerosis. In contrast, the HDL-lipid efflux is relevant for secretory cells where the fusion of intracellular vesicles drastically enlarges the cytoplasmic membrane with the potential consequence of impairment of cell function. In such circumstances, HDL could deliver some functional lipids and pick up not only cholesterol but an integral part of the membrane in excess, restoring the viability of the secretory cells. This hypothesis is congruent with the beneficial effects of HDL against atherosclerosis as well as with their capacity to induce insulin secretion and merits experimental exploration.
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32
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Ren Y, Tong E, Di C, Zhang Y, Xu L, Tan X, Yang L. Association Between ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension in the Chinese Han Population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:878610. [PMID: 35669754 PMCID: PMC9163321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.878610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is rising as a major public health burden around the world. This study explored the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-Binding Cassette Subfamily A1 (ABCA1) gene and hypertension among Chinese Han adults. Method A total of 2,296 Han Chinese in southeast China were recruited for this study. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples from individuals. The polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method was used to detect the genotypes of these SNPs in the ABCA1 gene. Results After adjusting some covariates, the additive and recessive models of the rs2472510 and rs2515614 were significantly associated with hypertension. The haplotypes TCTA (rs2297406-rs2472433-rs2472510-rs2515614) were associated with high SBP, and the haplotypes CCTA, TCTA, and TTTA were associated with high diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusion The results of the relationship between the polymorphisms of rs2297406, rs2472433, rs2472510, and rs2515614 in ABCA1 and hypertension in southeastern China would provide a theoretical basis for genetic screening and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ren
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enyu Tong
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Di
- Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunheng Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Tan
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Yang
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Fu Y, He Y, Phan K, Pickford R, Kim YB, Dzamko N, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the Abca7 knockout mouse brain. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac120. [PMID: 35620166 PMCID: PMC9127619 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects more women than men. The pathomechanism underlying the sex disparity, especially in the brain, is unclear. ABCA7 is one of the strongest susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease. It mediates the transport of lipids across membranes and is associated with pathways related to amyloid-β neuropathology. However, the role of ABCA7 in the regulation of brain lipids is largely unknown. Sex-specific differences in the pathological link between brain lipid dysregulation and amyloid-β are also unknown. Here, we undertook quantitative discovery lipidomics of male and female Abca7 knockout (n = 52) and wild type (n = 35) mouse brain using sophisticated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We identified 61 lipid subclasses in the mouse brain and found sex-specific differences in lipids that were altered with Abca7 deletion. The altered lipids belong to cellular pathways that control cell signalling, sterol metabolism, mitochondrial function and neuroprotection. We also investigated the relationship between lipids and amyloid-β levels in the Abca7 knockout mice and found elevated free cholesterol only in female mice that was significantly correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. In male Abca7 knockout mice, the neuroprotective ganglioside GD1a levels were elevated and inversely correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Abca7 deletion leads to sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the brain, providing insight into the underlying sex disparity in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales & Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales & Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence to: W. S. Kim Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia E-mail:
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Saraswathi K, Suresh M, Pandurangan A. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectral investigations, DFT calculations, ADME studies and molecular docking of Hexahydropyrimidines derivative against dimeric Apolipoprotein A-IV. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bossaerts L, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:31. [PMID: 35477481 PMCID: PMC9044696 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, clinically characterized by memory deficits and progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research effective therapies are lacking, and a large part of the genetic heritability remains unidentified. ABCA7 and ABCA1, members of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA), were identified as AD risk genes in genome-wide association studies. Nevertheless, genetic and/or functional studies propose a link between AD and two other members of the ABCA subclass, i.e., ABCA2 and ABCA5. Main body Changes in expression or dysfunction of these transporters were found to increase amyloid β levels. This might be related to the common role of ABCA transporters in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, for which a prominent role in AD development has been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion on the contribution of the ABCA subfamily to the etiopathogenesis of AD. Conclusions A better understanding of the function and identification of disease-associated genetic variants in ABCA transporters can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bossaerts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bossaerts L, Hendrickx Van de Craen E, Cacace R, Asselbergh B, Van Broeckhoven C. Rare missense mutations in ABCA7 might increase Alzheimer's disease risk by plasma membrane exclusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:43. [PMID: 35361255 PMCID: PMC8973822 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily A member 7 gene (ABCA7) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in large genome-wide association studies. Targeted sequencing of ABCA7 suggests a role for rare premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in AD, with haploinsufficiency through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay as a plausible pathogenic mechanism. Since other classes of rare variants in ABCA7 are poorly understood, we investigated the contribution and pathogenicity of rare missense, indel and splice variants in ABCA7 in Belgian AD patient and control cohorts. We identified 8.36% rare variants in the patient cohort versus 6.05% in the control cohort. For 10 missense mutations identified in the Belgian cohort we analyzed the pathogenetic effect on protein localization in vitro using immunocytochemistry. Our results demonstrate that rare ABCA7 missense mutations can contribute to AD by inducing protein mislocalization, resulting in a lack of functional protein at the plasma membrane. In one pedigree, a mislocalization-inducing missense mutation in ABCA7 (p.G1820S) co-segregated with AD in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Brain autopsy of six patient missense mutation carriers showed typical AD neuropathological characteristics including cerebral amyloid angiopathy type 1. Also, among the rare ABCA7 missense mutations, we observed mutations that affect amino acid residues that are conserved in ABCA1 and ABCA4, of which some correspond to established ABCA1 or ABCA4 disease-causing mutations involved in Tangier or Stargardt disease.
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ABCA1 Expression Is Upregulated in an EMT in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via MYC-Mediated De-Repression of Its Proximal Ebox Element. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030581. [PMID: 35327383 PMCID: PMC8945546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reverse cholesterol transport channel has been associated with a number of phenotypes in breast cancer, including reduced proliferation and increased metastatic capacity. It is induced in an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but little is known about how this occurs, and whether it is sufficient to promote metastatic phenotypes. To address these questions, we have deciphered the transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 across EMT states and found that it is repressed by MYC via an E-box element in its P1 alternative promoter. De-repression of the promoter by MYC knockdown leads to induction of ABCA1 expression. This indicates that ABCA1 expression is regulated in an EMT, revealing another link between ABCA1 and malignant phenotypes.
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Ong KL, Cochran BBiotech BJ, Manandhar B, Thomas S, Rye KA. HDL maturation and remodelling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159119. [PMID: 35121104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol in the circulation is mostly transported in an esterified form as a component of lipoproteins. The majority of these cholesteryl esters are produced in nascent, discoidal high density lipoproteins (HDLs) by the enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Discoidal HDLs are discrete populations of particles that consist of a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic acyl chains of which are shielded from the aqueous environment by apolipoproteins that also confer water solubility on the particles. The progressive LCAT-mediated accumulation of cholesteryl esters in discoidal HDLs generates the spherical HDLs that predominate in normal human plasma. Spherical HDLs contain a core of water insoluble, neutral lipids (cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) that is surrounded by a surface monolayer of phospholipids with which apolipoproteins associate. Although spherical HDLs all have the same basic structure, they are extremely diverse in size, composition, and function. This review is concerned with how the biogenesis of discoidal and spherical HDLs is regulated and the mechanistic basis of their size and compositional heterogeneity. Current understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on the therapeutic potential of HDLs of varying size and composition is also addressed in the context of several disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Leung Ong
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran BBiotech
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wang H, Guo Y, Lu H, Luo Y, Hu W, Liang W, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chang L, Schwendeman A, Zhang J, Chen YE. Krüppel-like factor 14 deletion in myeloid cells accelerates atherosclerotic lesion development. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:475-488. [PMID: 33538785 PMCID: PMC8803076 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is the dominant pathologic basis of many cardiovascular diseases. Large genome-wide association studies have identified that single-nucleotide polymorphisms proximal to Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14), a member of the zinc finger family of transcription factors, are associated with higher cardiovascular risks. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to atherosclerosis development and has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for treating many cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we address the biologic function of KLF14 in macrophages and its role during the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS KLF14 expression was markedly decreased in cholesterol loaded foam cells, and overexpression of KLF14 significantly increased cholesterol efflux and inhibited the inflammatory response in macrophages. We generated myeloid cell-selective Klf14 knockout (Klf14LysM) mice in the ApoE-/- background for the atherosclerosis study. Klf14LysMApoE-/- and litter-mate control mice (Klf14fl/flApoE-/-) were placed on the Western Diet for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Macrophage Klf14 deficiency resulted in increased atherosclerosis development without affecting the plasma lipid profiles. Klf14-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed significantly reduced cholesterol efflux resulting in increased lipid accumulation and exacerbated inflammatory response. Mechanistically, KLF14 upregulates the expression of a key cholesterol efflux transporter, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1), while it suppresses the expression of several critical components of the inflammatory cascade. In macrophages, activation of KLF14 by its activator, perhexiline, a drug clinically used to treat angina, significantly inhibited the inflammatory response and increased cholesterol efflux in a KLF14-dependent manner in macrophages without triggering hepatic lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the anti-atherosclerotic effects of myeloid KLF14 through promoting cholesterol efflux and suppressing the inflammatory response. Activation of KLF14 may represent a potential new therapeutic approach to prevent or treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilun Wang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yonghong Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Choi HY, Ruel I, Choi S, Genest J. New Strategies to Promote Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:795868. [PMID: 35004908 PMCID: PMC8733154 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.795868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of macrophages to dispose of cholesterol deposited in the atherosclerotic plaque depends on their ability to activate cholesterol efflux pathways. To develop athero-protective therapies aimed at promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux, cholesterol metabolism in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages has been extensively studied, but the intrinsic sensitivity of monocytes and the lack of a standardized procedure to differentiate THP-1 monocytes into macrophages have made it difficult to utilize THP-1 macrophages in the same or similar degree of differentiation across studies. The variability has resulted in lack of understanding of how the differentiation affects cholesterol metabolism, and here we review and investigate the effects of THP-1 differentiation on cholesterol efflux. The degree of THP-1 differentiation was inversely associated with ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux. The differentiation-associated decrease in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux occurred despite an increase in ABCA1 expression. In contrast, DSC1 expression decreased during the differentiation. DSC1 is a negative regulator of the ABCA1-mediated efflux pathway and a DSC1-targeting agent, docetaxel showed high potency and efficacy in promoting ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. These data suggest that pharmacological targeting of DSC1 may be more effective than increasing ABCA1 expression in promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux. In summary, the comparison of THP-1 macrophage subtypes in varying degrees of differentiation provided new insights into cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and allowed us to identify a viable target DSC1 for the promotion of cholesterol efflux in differentiated macrophages. Docetaxel and other pharmacological strategies targeting DSC1 may hold significant potential for reducing atherogenic cholesterol deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shiwon Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Molecular pathways and role of epigenetics in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Life Sci 2022; 291:120283. [PMID: 34998839 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with unknown etiological factors that can progress to other dangerous diseases like lung cancer. Environmental and genetic predisposition are the two major etiological or risk factors involved in the pathology of the IPF. Among the environmental risk factors, smoking is one of the major causes for the development of IPF. Epigenetic pathways like nucleosomes remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA mediated genes play a crucial role in development of IPF. Mutations in the genes make the epigenetic factors as important drug targets in IPF. Transcriptional changes due to environmental factors are also involved in the progression of IPF. The mutations in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) have shown decreased life expectancy in IPF patients. The TERT-gene is highly expressed in chronic smokers and makes the role of epigenetics evident. Drug like nintedanib acts through vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), while drug pirfenidone acts through transforming growth factor (TGF), which is useful in IPF. Gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, is useful as an anti-fibrosis agent in preclinical models. Newer drugs such as Celgene-CC90001 and FibroGen-FG-3019 are currently under investigations acts through the modulating epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, the study on epigenetics opens a wide window for the discovery of newer drugs. This study provides an elementary analysis of multiple regulators of epigenetics and their roles associated with the pathology of IPF. Further, this review also includes epigenetic drugs under development in preclinical and clinical stages.
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Sun Y, Li X. Cholesterol efflux mechanism revealed by structural analysis of human ABCA1 conformational states. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:238-245. [PMID: 37181814 PMCID: PMC10181854 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) utilizes energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to export cholesterol and phospholipids from macrophages. ABCA1 plays a central role in the biosynthesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which mediates reverse cholesterol transport and prevents detrimental lipid deposition. Mutations in ABCA1 cause Tangier disease characterized by a remarkable reduction in the amount of HDL in blood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human ABCA1 in ATP-bound and nucleotide-free states. Structural comparison reveals that ATP molecules pull the nucleotide-binding domains together, inducing movements of transmembrane helices 1, 2, 7 and 8 through a series of salt-bridge interactions. Subsequently, extracellular domains (ECDs) undergo a rotation and introduce conformational changes in the ECD-transmembrane interface. In addition, while we observe a sterol-like molecule in ECDs, no such density was observed in the structure of an HDL-deficiency mutant ABCA1Y482C, demonstrating the physiological importance of ECDs and a putative interaction mode between ABCA1 and its lipid acceptors. Thus, these structures, along with cholesterol efflux assays, advance the understanding ABCA1-mediated reverse cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Xiaochun Li.
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Leopold JA. Personalizing treatments for patients based on cardiovascular phenotyping. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2022; 7:4-16. [PMID: 36778892 PMCID: PMC9913616 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2022.2028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease persists as the leading cause of death worldwide despite continued advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. Our current approach to patients with cardiovascular disease is rooted in reductionism, which presupposes that all patients share a similar phenotype and will respond the same to therapy; however, this is unlikely as cardiovascular diseases exhibit complex heterogeneous phenotypes. Areas covered With the advent of high-throughput platforms for omics testing, phenotyping cardiovascular diseases has advanced to incorporate large-scale molecular data with classical history, physical examination, and laboratory results. Findings from genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics profiling have been used to define more precise cardiovascular phenotypes and predict adverse outcomes in population-based and disease-specific patient cohorts. These molecular data have also been utilized to inform drug efficacy based on a patient's unique phenotype. Expert opinion Multiscale phenotyping of cardiovascular disease has revealed diversity among patients that can be used to personalize pharmacotherapies and predict outcomes. Nonetheless, precision phenotyping for cardiovascular disease remains a nascent field that has not yet translated into widespread clinical practice despite its many potential advantages for patient care. Future endeavors that demonstrate improved pharmacotherapeutic responses and associated reduction in adverse events will facilitate mainstream adoption of precision cardiovascular phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Leopold
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, NRB0630K, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Molday RS, Garces FA, Scortecci JF, Molday LL. Structure and function of ABCA4 and its role in the visual cycle and Stargardt macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101036. [PMID: 34954332 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABCA4 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that is preferentially localized along the rim region of rod and cone photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. It uses the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Ret-PE), the Schiff base adduct of retinal and phosphatidylethanolamine, from the lumen to the cytoplasmic leaflet of disc membranes. This ensures that all-trans-retinal and excess 11-cis-retinal are efficiently cleared from photoreceptor cells thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic retinoid compounds. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding ABCA4 cause autosomal recessive Stargardt macular degeneration, also known as Stargardt disease (STGD1), and related autosomal recessive retinopathies characterized by impaired central vision and an accumulation of lipofuscin and bis-retinoid compounds. High resolution structures of ABCA4 in its substrate and nucleotide free state and containing bound N-Ret-PE or ATP have been determined by cryo-electron microscopy providing insight into the molecular architecture of ABCA4 and mechanisms underlying substrate recognition and conformational changes induced by ATP binding. The expression and functional characterization of a large number of disease-causing missense ABCA4 variants have been determined. These studies have shed light into the molecular mechanisms underlying Stargardt disease and a classification that reliably predicts the effect of a specific missense mutation on the severity of the disease. They also provide a framework for developing rational therapeutic treatments for ABCA4-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | - Fabian A Garces
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | | | - Laurie L Molday
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Rozhkova AV, Dmitrieva VG, Nosova EV, Dergunov AD, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Genomic Variants and Multilevel Regulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1 Expression in Atherogenesis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120170. [PMID: 34940525 PMCID: PMC8707585 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheroprotective properties of human plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are determined by their involvement in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from the macrophage to the liver. ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI cholesterol transporters are involved in cholesterol efflux from macrophages to lipid-free ApoA-I and HDL as a first RCT step. Molecular determinants of RCT efficiency that may possess diagnostic and therapeutic meaning remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress in studying the genomic variants of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1, and the regulation of their function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in atherosclerosis. Defects in the structure and function of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI are caused by changes in the gene sequence, such as single nucleotide polymorphism or various mutations. In the transcription initiation of transporter genes, in addition to transcription factors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), transcription activators, and repressors are also involved. Furthermore, transcription is substantially influenced by the methylation of gene promoter regions. Post-transcriptional regulation involves microRNAs and lncRNAs, including circular RNAs. The potential biomarkers and targets for atheroprotection, based on molecular mechanisms of expression regulation for three transporter genes, are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Rozhkova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Veronika G. Dmitrieva
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Elena V. Nosova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Alexander D. Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
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Tangier Disease: An Unusual Cause of Chronic Diarrhea. ACG Case Rep J 2021; 8:e00659. [PMID: 34840992 PMCID: PMC8613361 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangier disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting in cholesterol deposition in different organs. We report a case of a 52-year-old white man who presented for chronic diarrhea without significant findings on noninvasive testing. Subsequent colonoscopy revealed endoscopically normal mucosa, with random biopsies remarkable for foamy macrophages in the lamina propria. Genetic testing showed adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter gene mutation with low high-density lipoprotein and low low-density lipoprotein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chronic diarrhea in a patient with Tangier disease without any other clear etiology.
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Martín-Campos JM. Genetic Determinants of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Monogenicity, Polygenicity, and "Missing" Heritability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111728. [PMID: 34829957 PMCID: PMC8615680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels relate to a high risk of developing some common and complex diseases. LDL-c, as a quantitative trait, is multifactorial and depends on both genetic and environmental factors. In the pregenomic age, targeted genes were used to detect genetic factors in both hyper- and hypolipidemias, but this approach only explained extreme cases in the population distribution. Subsequently, the genetic basis of the less severe and most common dyslipidemias remained unknown. In the genomic age, performing whole-exome sequencing in families with extreme plasma LDL-c values identified some new candidate genes, but it is unlikely that such genes can explain the majority of inexplicable cases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with plasma LDL-c, introducing the idea of a polygenic origin. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), including LDL-c-raising alleles, were developed to measure the contribution of the accumulation of small-effect variants to plasma LDL-c. This paper discusses other possibilities for unexplained dyslipidemias associated with LDL-c, such as mosaicism, maternal effect, and induced epigenetic changes. Future studies should consider gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and the development of integrated information about disease-driving networks, including phenotypes, genotypes, transcription, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Maria Martín-Campos
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IR-HSCSP)-Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Baumer Y, McCurdy SG, Boisvert WA. Formation and Cellular Impact of Cholesterol Crystals in Health and Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100638. [PMID: 34590446 PMCID: PMC11055929 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol crystals (CCs) were first discovered in atherosclerotic plaque tissue in the early 1900 and have since been observed and implicated in many diseases and conditions, including myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurism, kidney disease, ocular diseases, and even central nervous system anomalies. Despite the widespread involvement of CCs in many pathologies, the mechanisms involved in their formation and their role in various diseases are still not fully understood. Current knowledge concerning the formation of CCs, as well as the molecular pathways activated upon cellular exposure to CCs, will be explored in this review. As CC formation is tightly associated with lipid metabolism, the role of cellular lipid homeostasis in the formation of CCs is highlighted, including the role of lysosomes. In addition, cellular pathways and processes known to be affected by CCs are described. In particular, CC-induced activation of the inflammasome and production of reactive oxygen species, along with the role of CCs in complement-mediated inflammation is discussed. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of embolized CCs is described with a focus on renal and skin diseases associated with CC embolism. Lastly, potential therapeutic measures that target either the formation of CCs or their impact on different cell types and tissues are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sara G. McCurdy
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Street, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William A. Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Kjeldsen EW, Thomassen JQ, Frikke-Schmidt R. HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - Insights from randomized clinical trials and human genetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159063. [PMID: 34637926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through seven decades the inverse association between HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been observed in case-control and prospective cohort studies. This robust inverse association fuelled the enthusiasm towards development of HDL cholesterol increasing drugs, exemplified by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor trials and the extended-release niacin HPS2-THRIVE trial. These HDL cholesterol increasing trials were launched without conclusive evidence from human genetics, and despite discrepant species dependent evidence from animal studies. Evidence from human genetics and from randomized clinical trials over the last 13 years now point in the direction that concentrations of HDL cholesterol, do not appear to be a viable future path to target therapeutically for prevention of ASCVD. A likely explanation for the strong observational association between low HDL cholesterol and high ASCVD risk is the concomitant inverse association between HDL cholesterol and atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The purpose of the present review is to bring HDL cholesterol increasing trials into a human genetics context exemplified by candidate gene studies of key players in HDL biogenesis as well as by HDL cholesterol related genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bucher M, Montaniel KRC, Myatt L, Weintraub S, Tavori H, Maloyan A. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impairment of placental metabolism in the offspring of obese mothers. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:738-747. [PMID: 33185172 PMCID: PMC8606174 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Here, we show that the offspring of obese mothers are dyslipidemic and insulin resistant from the outset.Maternal and cord blood and placental tissues were collected following C-section at term. Patients were grouped as being normal weight (NW, BMI = 18-24.9) or obese (OB, BMI ≥ 30), and separated by fetal sex. We measured plasma lipids, insulin, and glucose in maternal and cord blood. Insulin resistance was quantified using the HOMA-IR. Placental markers of lipid and energy metabolism and relevant metabolites were measured by western blot and metabolomics, respectively.For OB women, total cholesterol was decreased in both maternal and cord blood, while HDL was decreased only in cord blood, independent of sex. In babies born to OB women, cord blood insulin and insulin resistance were increased. Placental protein expression of the energy and lipid metabolism regulators PGC1α, and SIRT3, ERRα, CPT1α, and CPT2 decreased with maternal obesity in a sex-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Metabolomics showed lower levels of acylcarnitines C16:0, C18:2, and C20:4 in OB women's placentas, suggesting a decrease in β-oxidation. Glutamine, glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG), and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) were increased, and the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio decreased (P < 0.05), in OB placentas, suggesting induction of glutamate into αKG conversion to maintain a normal metabolic flux.Newly-born offspring of obese mothers begin their lives dyslipidemic and insulin resistant. If not inherited genetically, such major metabolic perturbations might be explained by abnormal placental metabolism with potential long-term adverse consequences for the offspring's health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bucher
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of OB/GYN, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kim Ramil C. Montaniel
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- The Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences (PBMS), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of OB/GYN, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, The Metabolomics Core Facility, Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- The Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences (PBMS), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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