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Mensah IK, Gowher H. Epigenetic Regulation of Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Development. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:25. [PMID: 39051183 PMCID: PMC11270418 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ formed during mammalian development and functions to distribute nutrients and oxygen to other parts of the developing embryo. Cardiomyocytes are the major cell types of the heart and provide both structural support and contractile function to the heart. The successful differentiation of cardiomyocytes during early development is under tight regulation by physical and molecular factors. We have reviewed current studies on epigenetic factors critical for cardiomyocyte differentiation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelers, and noncoding RNAs. This review also provides comprehensive details on structural and morphological changes associated with the differentiation of fetal and postnatal cardiomyocytes and highlights their differences. A holistic understanding of all aspects of cardiomyocyte development is critical for the successful in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Pane R, Laib L, Formoso K, Détrait M, Sainte-Marie Y, Bourgailh F, Ruffenach N, Faugeras H, Simon I, Lhuillier E, Lezoualc'h F, Conte C. Macromolecular Complex Including MLL3, Carabin and Calcineurin Regulates Cardiac Remodeling. Circ Res 2024; 134:100-113. [PMID: 38084599 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an intermediate stage in the development of heart failure. The structural and functional processes occurring in cardiac hypertrophy include extensive gene reprogramming, which is dependent on epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling. However, the chromatin remodelers and their regulatory functions involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy are not well characterized. METHODS Protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation assay in primary cardiomyocytes and mouse cardiac samples subjected or not to transverse aortic constriction for 1 week. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments were performed on the chromatin of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We report that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase CaN (calcineurin), its endogenous inhibitory protein carabin, the STK24 (STE20-like protein kinase 3), and the histone monomethyltransferase, MLL3 (mixed lineage leukemia 3) form altogether a macromolecular complex at the chromatin of cardiomyocytes. Under basal conditions, carabin prevents CaN activation while the serine/threonine kinase STK24 maintains MLL3 inactive via phosphorylation. After 1 week of transverse aortic constriction, both carabin and STK24 are released from the CaN-MLL3 complex leading to the activation of CaN, dephosphorylation of MLL3, and in turn, histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation. Selective cardiac MLL3 knockdown mitigates hypertrophy, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA sequencing analysis demonstrates that MLL3 is de novo recruited at the transcriptional start site of genes implicated in cardiomyopathy in stress conditions. We also show that CaN and MLL3 colocalize at chromatin and that CaN activates MLL3 histone methyl transferase activity at distal intergenic regions under hypertrophic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals an unsuspected epigenetic mechanism of CaN that directly regulates MLL3 histone methyl transferase activity to promote cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pane
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Loubna Laib
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Karina Formoso
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Maximin Détrait
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Florence Bourgailh
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Nolan Ruffenach
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Hanamée Faugeras
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Ilias Simon
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
- GeT-Sante, Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome, GenoToul, Toulouse, France (E.L.)
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
| | - Caroline Conte
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, France (R.P., L.L., K.F., M.D.., Y.S.-M., F.B., N.R., H.F., I.S., E.L., F.L., C.C.)
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Ahmed RE, Tokuyama T, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210325. [PMID: 36189811 PMCID: PMC9527934 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac development, cardiomyocytes mature and turn into adult ones. Hence, all cellular properties, including morphology, structure, physiology and metabolism, are changed. One of the most important aspects is the contractile apparatus, of which the minimum unit is known as a sarcomere. Sarcomere maturation is evident by enhanced sarcomere alignment, ultrastructural organization and myofibrillar isoform switching. Any maturation process failure may result in cardiomyopathy. Sarcomere function is intricately related to other organelles, and the growing evidence suggests reciprocal regulation of sarcomere and mitochondria on their maturation. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism that regulates sarcomere maturation and the interplay between sarcomere and other organelles in cardiomyocyte maturation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan E. Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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4
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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YTHDF2 alleviates cardiac hypertrophy via regulating Myh7 mRNA decoy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:132. [PMID: 34266473 PMCID: PMC8281596 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major contributor of heart failure (HF), which seriously threatens human’s health world widely. Deregulation of m6A RNA methylation, and m6A methyltransferases and de-methyltransferases have been demonstrated to act essential roles in cardiac hypertrophy and HF. Here, we studied the potential roles and its underlying mechanisms of m6A Reader YTHDF proteins in HF. In this study, we constructed HF mouse model by transverse aortic constriction surgery. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated and stimulated with isoproterenol (ISO) or phenylephrine (PHE) to induce myocardial hypertrophy. Results Through single-cell RNA-seq analysis, immunofluorescent staining, HE staining, Western blotting, and real time-PCR detections, we found that YTHDF2 mRNA and protein level, but not YTHDF1 or YTHDF3, was significantly increased during HF development. YTHDF2 overexpression could efficiently alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, through immunoprecipitation accompanied with mass spectrometry analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we found that ISO stimulation did not evidently affect YTHDF2-interacting proteins. However, ISO or PHE stimulation significantly increased YTHDF2 protein interacting with Myh7 (beta-myosin heavy chain) mRNA, an important cardiac hypertrophy marker, in an m6A-dependent manner. Knockdown of Myh7 or deletion of the YTH domain of YTHDF2 reversed the protective effects of YTHDF2 on cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, we found that ISO or PHE stimulation promoted YTHDF2 protein expression through enhancing Ythdf2 mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that the m6A Reader YTHDF2 suppresses cardiac hypertrophy via Myh7 mRNA decoy in an m6A-dependent manner. This study highlights the functional importance of YTHDF2-dependent cardiac m6A mRNA regulation during cardiac hypertrophy, and provides a novel mechanistic insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of YTHDF2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00649-7.
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Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Folkes L, Moxon S, Myrtziou I, Ozanne SE, Peffers MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Small-RNA Sequencing Reveals Altered Skeletal Muscle microRNAs and snoRNAs Signatures in Weanling Male Offspring from Mouse Dams Fed a Low Protein Diet during Lactation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051166. [PMID: 34064819 PMCID: PMC8150574 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet during gestation and lactation affects the development of skeletal muscles in offspring and determines muscle health in later life. In this paper, we describe the association between maternal low protein diet-induced changes in offspring skeletal muscle and the differential expression (DE) of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). We used a mouse model of maternal protein restriction, where dams were fed either a normal (N, 20%) or a low protein (L, 8%) diet during gestation and newborns were cross-fostered to N or L lactating dams, resulting in the generation of NN, NL and LN offspring groups. Total body and tibialis anterior (TA) weights were decreased in weanling NL male offspring but were not different in the LN group, as compared to NN. However, histological evaluation of TA muscle revealed reduced muscle fibre size in both groups at weaning. Small RNA-sequencing demonstrated DE of multiple miRs, snoRNAs and snRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses of miRs-15a, -34a, -122 and -199a, in combination with known myomiRs, confirmed their implication in key muscle-specific biological processes. This is the first comprehensive report for the DE of sncRNAs in nutrition-associated programming of skeletal muscle development, highlighting the need for further research to unravel the detailed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (K.G.-W.); (A.V.)
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 1BR, UK;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (K.G.-W.); (A.V.)
| | - Leighton Folkes
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (L.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Simon Moxon
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (L.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 1BR, UK;
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (K.G.-W.); (A.V.)
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (K.G.-W.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (K.G.-W.); (A.V.)
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Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Maturity of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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van der Pol A, Hoes MF, de Boer RA, van der Meer P. Cardiac foetal reprogramming: a tool to exploit novel treatment targets for the failing heart. J Intern Med 2020; 288:491-506. [PMID: 32557939 PMCID: PMC7687159 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the heart matures during embryogenesis from its foetal stages, several structural and functional modifications take place to form the adult heart. This process of maturation is in large part due to an increased volume and work load of the heart to maintain proper circulation throughout the growing body. In recent years, it has been observed that these changes are reversed to some extent as a result of cardiac disease. The process by which this occurs has been characterized as cardiac foetal reprogramming and is defined as the suppression of adult and re-activation of a foetal genes profile in the diseased myocardium. The reasons as to why this process occurs in the diseased myocardium are unknown; however, it has been suggested to be an adaptive process to counteract deleterious events taking place during cardiac remodelling. Although still in its infancy, several studies have demonstrated that targeting foetal reprogramming in heart failure can lead to substantial improvement in cardiac functionality. This is highlighted by a recent study which found that by modulating the expression of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH, a novel cardiac foetal gene), cardiac function can be significantly improved in mice exposed to cardiac injury. Additionally, the utilization of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) has demonstrated clear benefits, providing important clinical proof that drugs that increase natriuretic peptide levels (part of the foetal gene programme) indeed improve heart failure outcomes. In this review, we will highlight the most important aspects of cardiac foetal reprogramming and will discuss whether this process is a cause or consequence of heart failure. Based on this, we will also explain how a deeper understanding of this process may result in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van der Pol
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Perioperative Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M F Hoes
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A de Boer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P van der Meer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Ovics P, Regev D, Baskin P, Davidor M, Shemer Y, Neeman S, Ben-Haim Y, Binah O. Drug Development and the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Disease Modeling and Drug Toxicity Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7320. [PMID: 33023024 PMCID: PMC7582587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Over the years, numerous groups have employed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as a superb human-compatible model for investigating the function and dysfunction of cardiomyocytes, drug screening and toxicity, disease modeling and for the development of novel drugs for heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the broad use of iPSC-CMs for drug development and disease modeling, in two related themes. In the first theme-drug development, adverse drug reactions, mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the need for efficient drug screening protocols-we discuss the critical need to screen old and new drugs, the process of drug development, marketing and Adverse Drug reactions (ADRs), drug-induced cardiotoxicity, safety screening during drug development, drug development and patient-specific effect and different mechanisms of ADRs. In the second theme-using iPSC-CMs for disease modeling and developing novel drugs for heart diseases-we discuss the rationale for using iPSC-CMs and modeling acquired and inherited heart diseases with iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Ovics
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Danielle Regev
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Polina Baskin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Mor Davidor
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yuval Shemer
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunit Neeman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yael Ben-Haim
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
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Abstract
Gene expression is needed for the maintenance of heart function under normal conditions and in response to stress. Each cell type of the heart has a specific program controlling transcription. Different types of stress induce modifications of these programs and, if prolonged, can lead to altered cardiac phenotype and, eventually, to heart failure. The transcriptional status of a gene is regulated by the epigenome, a complex network of DNA and histone modifications. Until a few years ago, our understanding of the role of the epigenome in heart disease was limited to that played by histone deacetylation. But over the last decade, the consequences for the maintenance of homeostasis in the heart and for the development of cardiac hypertrophy of a number of other modifications, including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and changes in chromatin architecture, have become better understood. Indeed, it is now clear that many levels of regulation contribute to defining the epigenetic landscape required for correct cardiomyocyte function, and that their perturbation is responsible for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Here, we review these aspects and draw a picture of what epigenetic modification may imply at the therapeutic level for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
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11
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In Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure and Survival Are Adversely Affected by a Lack of Sexual Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155450. [PMID: 32751757 PMCID: PMC7432836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly one in three people in the U.S. will develop heart failure (HF), characterized by fluid retention (edema) in the lungs and elsewhere. This leads to difficult breathing, deterioration of physical capacity, restriction of normal activities and death. There is little data about the safety and effects of sexual interactions in patients with HF. We tested whether a lack of sexual interactions affected pathophysiological outcomes in a pre-clinical mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy that recapitulates the progressive stages of human HF. Male mice were randomly given access to, or deprived from, sexual interactions with female mice, which were confirmed by videography and generation of offspring. Cohousing with access to sexual interactions markedly prolonged survival, while cohousing without access to sexual activity did not. Sexual interactions improved systolic function, reduced HF-associated edema, altered transcription of heart contractile protein genes and decreased plasma testosterone levels. To determine whether testosterone levels contributed to survival, testosterone levels were experimentally reduced. Reduction of testosterone levels significantly prolonged survival. Taken together, in mice with dilated cardiomyopathy, sexual activity altered cardiac contractile gene transcription, improved systolic function, reduced edema and prolonged survival which may be in part due to lower testosterone levels.
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12
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Dubois-Deruy E, Rémy G, Alard J, Kervoaze G, Chwastyniak M, Baron M, Beury D, Siegwald L, Caboche S, Hot D, Gosset P, Grangette C, Pinet F, Wolowczuk I, Pichavant M. Modelling the Impact of Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Obese Mice: Metabolic, Pulmonary, Intestinal, and Cardiac Issues. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030827. [PMID: 32244932 PMCID: PMC7175208 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as bad eating behaviors and cigarette smoking, have major detrimental impacts on health. However, the inter-relations between obesity and smoking are still not fully understood. We thus developed an experimental model of high-fat diet-fed obese C57BL/6 male mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Our study evaluated for the first time the resulting effects of the combined exposure to unhealthy diet and cigarette smoke on several metabolic, pulmonary, intestinal, and cardiac parameters. We showed that the chronic exposure to cigarette smoke modified the pattern of body fat distribution in favor of the visceral depots in obese mice, impaired the respiratory function, triggered pulmonary inflammation and emphysema, and was associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Gaëlle Rémy
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Jeanne Alard
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Gwenola Kervoaze
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Morgane Baron
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Delphine Beury
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Léa Siegwald
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - David Hot
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Philippe Gosset
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Corinne Grangette
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Florence Pinet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-877-965
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13
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Sarcomeric Gene Variants and Their Role with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Background of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030442. [PMID: 32178433 PMCID: PMC7175236 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in developing countries, generally originating as coronary artery disease (CAD) or hypertension. In later stages, many CAD patients develop left ventricle dysfunction (LVD). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most prevalent prognostic factor in CAD patients. LVD is a complex multifactorial condition in which the left ventricle of the heart becomes functionally impaired. Various genetic studies have correlated LVD with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In recent years, enormous progress has been made in identifying the genetic causes of cardiac diseases, which has further led to a greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying each disease. This progress has increased the probability of establishing a specific genetic diagnosis, and thus providing new opportunities for practitioners, patients, and families to utilize this genetic information. A large number of mutations in sarcomeric genes have been discovered in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we will explore the role of the sarcomeric genes in LVD in CAD patients, which is a major cause of cardiac failure and results in heart failure.
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14
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Korecky B, Masika M. Use of a Heterotopic Cardiac Isotransplant for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies*. Toxicol Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/019262339001804a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterotopically transplanted rat heart provides a unique model for examination of the direct humoral effects on the myocardium since the transplanted heart is exposed to the same hormonal milieu as the in situ heart but does not support the hemodynamic load. In this model, the heart of an inbred rat is transplanted into the abdomen of a recipient of the same inbred strain by attaching the stumps of aorta and pulmonary artery end to side to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava of the recipient. The transplanted heart is perfused by the recipients’ blood through the coronary vessels. Its left ventricle beats mostly isovolumically and at a slower rate than the heart in situ. The transplant functions as a denervated “non working” Langendorf heart and does not appreciably contribute to the haemodynamics, while the recipient in situ heart supports the haemodynamics and serves as a control heart. The above model has been used to study the direct and indirect effects of thyroxine, catecholamines and of physical exercise on the cardiac mass and on its structure, function and chemical composition. It can also be used to study the acute and chronic effects of unloading and subsequent reloading. It can also shed some light upon the effect of denervation and potential reinnervation of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borivoj Korecky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Mary Masika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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15
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K N H, Okabe J, Mathiyalagan P, Khan AW, Jadaan SA, Sarila G, Ziemann M, Khurana I, Maxwell SS, Du XJ, El-Osta A. Sex-Based Mhrt Methylation Chromatinizes MeCP2 in the Heart. iScience 2019; 17:288-301. [PMID: 31323475 PMCID: PMC6639684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the heart, primary microRNA-208b (pri-miR-208b) and Myheart (Mhrt) are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded by the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes. Although preclinical studies have shown that lncRNAs regulate gene expression and are protective for pathological hypertrophy, the mechanism underlying sex-based differences remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined DNA- and RNA-methylation-dependent regulation of pri-miR-208b and Mhrt. Expression of pri-miR-208b is elevated in the left ventricle of the female heart. Despite indistinguishable DNA methylation between sexes, the interaction of MeCP2 on chromatin is subject to RNase digestion, highlighting that affinity of the methyl-CG reader is broader than previously thought. A specialized procedure to isolate RNA from soluble cardiac chromatin emphasizes sex-based affinity of an MeCP2 co-repressor complex with Rest and Hdac2. Sex-specific Mhrt methylation chromatinizes MeCP2 at the pri-miR-208b promoter and extends the functional relevance of default transcriptional suppression in the heart. Mechanisms underlying sex-based gene expression are poorly understood Expression of primary miR-208b is independent of DNA methylation in the heart Sex-specific methylation of the long non-coding RNA Mhrt distinguishes MeCP2 Procedures assessing soluble chromatin emphasize RNA-dependent affinities
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan K N
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sameer A Jadaan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR; University College Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Department of Technology, Biomedical Laboratory Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Figueiredo VC, McCarthy JJ. Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:30-42. [PMID: 30540235 PMCID: PMC6383632 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is the enzymatic macromolecular machine responsible for protein synthesis. The rates of protein synthesis are primarily dependent on translational efficiency and capacity. Ribosome biogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of skeletal muscle growth and maintenance by altering the translational capacity of the cell. Here, we provide evidence to support a central role for ribosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle growth during postnatal development and in response to resistance exercise training. Furthermore, we discuss the cellular signaling pathways regulating ribosome biogenesis, discuss how myonuclear accretion affects translational capacity, and explore future areas of investigation within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo
- The Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John J McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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17
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Wang L, Geist J, Grogan A, Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Thick Filament Protein Network, Functions, and Disease Association. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:631-709. [PMID: 29687901 PMCID: PMC6404781 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeres consist of highly ordered arrays of thick myosin and thin actin filaments along with accessory proteins. Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction. In addition to myosin that makes up the backbone of the thick filament, four other proteins which are intimately bound to the thick filament, myosin binding protein-C, titin, myomesin, and obscurin play important structural and regulatory roles. Consistent with this, mutations in the respective genes have been associated with idiopathic and congenital forms of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular structure, subcellular localization, interacting partners, function, modulation via posttranslational modifications, and disease involvement of these five major proteins that comprise the thick filament of striated muscle cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:631-709, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janelle Geist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Yen R. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Guo W, Zhu C, Yin Z, Wang Q, Sun M, Cao H, Greaser ML. Splicing Factor RBM20 Regulates Transcriptional Network of Titin Associated and Calcium Handling Genes in The Heart. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:369-380. [PMID: 29725258 PMCID: PMC5930469 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) regulates pre-mRNA splicing of over thirty genes, among which titin is a major target. With RBM20 expression, titin expresses a larger isoform at fetal stage to a smaller isoform at adult resulting from alternative splicing, while, without RBM20, titin expresses exclusively a larger isoform throughout all ages. In addition to splicing regulation, it is unknown whether RBM20 also regulates gene expression. In this study, we employed Rbm20 knockout rats to investigate gene expression profile using Affymetrix expression array. We compared wild type to Rbm20 knockout at day1, 20 and 49. Bioinformatics analysis showed RBM20 regulates fewer genes expression at younger age and more at older age and commonly expressed genes have the same trends. GSEA indicated up-regulated genes are associated with heart failure. We examined titin binding partners. All titin direct binding partners are up-regulated and their increased expression is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Particularly, we found that genes involving calcium handling and muscle contraction are changed by RBM20. Intracellular calcium level measurement with individual cardiomyocytes further confirmed that changes of these proteins impact calcium handling. Selected genes from titin binding partners and calcium handling were validated with QPCR and western blotting. These data demonstrate that RBM20 regulates gene splicing as well as gene expression. Altered gene expression by RBM20 influences protein-protein interaction, calcium releasing and thus muscle contraction. Our results first reported gene expression impacted by RBM20 with heart maturation, and provided new insights into the role of RBM20 in the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion L Greaser
- Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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19
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Abstract
Mechanotransduction, MT, is an ancient evolutionary legacy existing in every living species and involving complex rearrangements of multiple proteins in response to a mechanical stress. MT includes three different interrelated processes: mechanosensation, mechanotransmission, and mechanoresponse. Each process is specifically adapted to a given tissue and stress. Both cardiac and arterial remodeling involve MT. Physiological or pathological cardiac remodeling, CR, is firstly a beneficial mechanoresponse, MR, which allows the heart to recover to a normal economy, better adapted to the new working conditions. Nevertheless, exercise-induced cardiac remodeling is more a coming-back to normal conditions than a superimposed event. On the longer term, the MR creates fibrosis which accounts, in part, for the reduced cardiac output in the CR. In the hypertension-induced arterial remodeling, arterial MR allows the vessels to maintain a normal circumferential constraint before an augmented arterial pressure. In atherogenesis: (i) The presence of atheroma in several animal species and atherosclerosis in ancient civilizations suggests more basic predispositions. (ii) The atherosclerotic plaques preferably develop at predictable arterial sites of disturbed blood flow showing that MT is involved in the initial steps of atherogenesis.
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20
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Pham T, Han JC, Taberner A, Loiselle D. Do right-ventricular trabeculae gain energetic advantage from having a greater velocity of shortening? J Physiol 2017; 595:6477-6488. [PMID: 28857176 DOI: 10.1113/jp274837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We designed a study to test whether velocity of shortening in right-ventricular tissue preparations is greater than that of the left side under conditions mimicking those encountered by the heart in vivo. Our experiments allowed us to explore whether greater velocity of shortening results in any energetic advantage. We found that velocity of shortening was higher in the rat right-ventricular trabeculae. These results at the tissue level seem paradoxical to the velocity of ventricular ejection at the organ level, and are not always in accord with shortening of unloaded cells. Despite greater velocity of shortening in right-ventricular trabeculae, they neither gained nor lost advantage with respect to both mechanical efficiency and the heat generated during shortening. ABSTRACT Our study aimed to ascertain whether the interventricular difference of shortening velocity, reported for isolated cardiac tissues in vitro, affects interventricular mechano-energetic performance when tested under physiological conditions using a shortening protocol designed to mimic those in vivo. We isolated trabeculae from both ventricles of the rat, mounted them in a calorimeter, and performed experiments at 37°C and 5 Hz stimulus frequency to emulate conditions of the rat heart in vivo. Each trabecula was subjected to two experimental protocols: (i) isotonic work-loop contractions at a variety of afterloads, and (ii) isometric contractions at a variety of preloads. Velocity of shortening was calculated from the former protocol during the isotonic shortening phase of the contraction. Simultaneous measurements of force-length work and heat output allowed calculation of mechanical efficiency. The shortening-dependent thermal component was quantified from the difference in heat output between the two protocols. Our results show that both extent of shortening and velocity of shortening were higher in trabeculae from the right ventricle. Despite these differences, trabeculae from both ventricles developed the same stress, performed the same work, liberated the same amount of heat, and hence operated at the same mechanical efficiency. Shortening heat was also ventricle independent. The interventricular differences in velocity of shortening and extent of shortening of isolated trabeculae were not manifested in any index of energetics. These collective results underscore the absence of any mechano-energetic advantage or disadvantage conferred on right-ventricular trabeculae arising from their superior velocity of shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Pham
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denis Loiselle
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Exercise leads to unfavourable cardiac remodelling and enhanced metabolic homeostasis in obese mice with cardiac and skeletal muscle autophagy deficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7894. [PMID: 28801668 PMCID: PMC5554260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is stimulated by exercise in several tissues; yet the role of skeletal and cardiac muscle-specific autophagy on the benefits of exercise training remains incompletely understood. Here, we determined the metabolic impact of exercise training in obese mice with cardiac and skeletal muscle disruption of the Autophagy related 7 gene (Atg7h&mKO). Muscle autophagy deficiency did not affect glucose clearance and exercise capacity in lean adult mice. High-fat diet in sedentary mice led to endoplasmic reticulum stress and aberrant mitochondrial protein expression in autophagy-deficient skeletal and cardiac muscles. Endurance exercise training partially reversed these abnormalities in skeletal muscle, but aggravated those in the heart also causing cardiac fibrosis, foetal gene reprogramming, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, exercise-trained Atg7h&mKO mice were better protected against obesity and insulin resistance with increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), elevated Fgf21 mRNA and protein solely in the heart, and upregulation of FGF21-target genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in brown fat. These results indicate that autophagy is essential for the protective effects of exercise in the heart. However, the atypical remodelling elicited by exercise in the autophagy deficient cardiac muscle enhances whole-body metabolism, at least partially, via a heart-brown fat cross-talk involving FGF21.
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22
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Papait R, Serio S, Pagiatakis C, Rusconi F, Carullo P, Mazzola M, Salvarani N, Miragoli M, Condorelli G. Histone Methyltransferase G9a Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Homeostasis and Hypertrophy. Circulation 2017; 136:1233-1246. [PMID: 28778944 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct gene expression programming of the cardiomyocyte underlies the normal functioning of the heart. Alterations to this can lead to the loss of cardiac homeostasis, triggering heart dysfunction. Although the role of some histone methyltransferases in establishing the transcriptional program of postnatal cardiomyocytes during heart development has been shown, the function of this class of epigenetic enzymes is largely unexplored in the adult heart. In this study, we investigated the role of G9a/Ehmt2, a histone methyltransferase that defines a repressive epigenetic signature, in defining the transcriptional program for cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS We investigated the function of G9a in normal and stressed cardiomyocytes with the use of a conditional, cardiac-specific G9a knockout mouse, a specific G9a inhibitor, and high-throughput approaches for the study of the epigenome (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) and transcriptome (RNA sequencing); traditional methods were used to assess cardiac function and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS We found that G9a is required for cardiomyocyte homeostasis in the adult heart by mediating the repression of key genes regulating cardiomyocyte function via dimethylation of H3 lysine 9 and interaction with enhancer of zeste homolog 2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, and MEF2C-dependent gene expression by forming a complex with this transcription factor. The G9a-MEF2C complex was found to be required also for the maintenance of heterochromatin needed for the silencing of developmental genes in the adult heart. Moreover, G9a promoted cardiac hypertrophy by repressing antihypertrophic genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings demonstrate that G9a orchestrates critical epigenetic changes in cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions, thereby providing novel therapeutic avenues for cardiac pathologies associated with dysregulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli).
| | - Simone Serio
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Christina Pagiatakis
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Francesca Rusconi
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Marta Mazzola
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Nicolò Salvarani
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Michele Miragoli
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli)
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., S.S., C.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., M. Miragoli, G.C.); Genetic and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (R.P., F.R., P.C., N.S., G.C.); Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (M. Mazzola, G.C.); School of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy (M. Mazzola); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy (M. Miragoli).
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Sukumaran A, Chang J, Han M, Mintri S, Khaw BA, Kim J. Iron overload exacerbates age-associated cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of hemochromatosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5756. [PMID: 28720890 PMCID: PMC5516030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac damage associated with iron overload is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, but the precise mechanisms leading to disease progression are largely unexplored. Here we investigated the effects of iron overload and age on cardiac hypertrophy using 1-, 5- and 12-month old Hfe-deficient mice, an animal model of hemochromatosis in humans. Cardiac iron levels increased progressively with age, which was exacerbated in Hfe-deficient mice. The heart/body weight ratios were greater in Hfe-deficient mice at 5- and 12-month old, compared with their age-matched wild-type controls. Cardiac hypertrophy in 12-month old Hfe-deficient mice was consistent with decreased alpha myosin and increased beta myosin heavy chains, suggesting an alpha-to-beta conversion with age. This was accompanied by cardiac fibrosis and up-regulation of NFAT-c2, reflecting increased calcineurin/NFAT signaling in myocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, there was an age-dependent increase in the cardiac isoprostane levels in Hfe-deficient mice, indicating elevated oxidative stress. Also, rats fed high-iron diet demonstrated increased heart-to-body weight ratios, alpha myosin heavy chain and cardiac isoprostane levels, suggesting that iron overload promotes oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the progression of age-dependent cardiac stress exacerbated by iron overload hemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abitha Sukumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JuOae Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murui Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shrutika Mintri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ban-An Khaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Sucharov CC, Kao DP, Port JD, Karimpour-Fard A, Quaife RA, Minobe W, Nunley K, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Bristow MR. Myocardial microRNAs associated with reverse remodeling in human heart failure. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89169. [PMID: 28138556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs) changes in expression of protein-coding genes are associated with reverse remodeling, and these changes can be regulated by microRNAs (miRs). We tested the general hypothesis that dynamic changes in myocardial miR expression are predictive of β-blocker-associated reverse remodeling. METHODS Forty-three idiopathic DCM patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 0.24 ± 0.09) were treated with β-blockers. Serial ventriculography and endomyocardial biopsies were performed at baseline, and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. Changes in RT-PCR (candidate miRs) or array-measured miRs were compared based on the presence (R) or absence (NR) of a reverse-remodeling response, and a miR-mRNA-function pathway analysis (PA) was performed. RESULTS At 3 months, 2 candidate miRs were selectively changed in Rs, decreases in miR-208a-3p and miR-591. PA revealed changes in miR-mRNA interactions predictive of decreased apoptosis and myocardial cell death. At 12 months, 5 miRs exhibited selective changes in Rs (decreases in miR-208a-3p, -208b-3p, 21-5p, and 199a-5p; increase in miR-1-3p). PA predicted decreases in apoptosis, cardiac myocyte cell death, hypertrophy, and heart failure, with increases in contractile and overall cardiac functions. CONCLUSIONS In DCMs, myocardial miRs predict the time-dependent reverse-remodeling response to β-blocker treatment, and likely regulate the expression of remodeling-associated miRs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01798992. FUNDING NIH 2R01 HL48013, 1R01 HL71118 (Bristow, PI); sponsored research agreements from Glaxo-SmithKline and AstraZeneca (Bristow, PI); NIH P20 HL101435 (Lowes, Port multi-PD/PI); sponsored research agreement from Miragen Therapeutics (Port, PI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian D Lowes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Edward M Gilbert
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Nikitina LV, Kopylova GV, Shchepkin DV, Nabiev SR, Bershitsky SY. Investigations of Molecular Mechanisms of Actin-Myosin Interactions in Cardiac Muscle. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1748-63. [PMID: 26878579 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915130106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of cardiac muscle depend on the composition of protein isoforms in the cardiomyocyte contractile machinery. In the ventricular myocardium of mammals, several isoforms of contractile and regulatory proteins are expressed - two isoforms of myosin (V1 and V3) and three isoforms of tropomyosin chains (α, β, and κ). Expression of protein isoforms depends on the animal species, its age and hormonal status, and this can change with pathologies of the myocardium. Mutations in these proteins can lead to cardiomyopathies. The functional significance of the protein isoform composition has been studied mainly on intact hearts or on isolated preparations of myocardium, which could not provide a clear comprehension of the role of each particular isoform. Present-day experimental techniques such as an optical trap and in vitro motility assay make it possible to investigate the phenomena of interactions of contractile and regulatory proteins on the molecular level, thus avoiding effects associated with properties of a whole muscle or muscle tissue. These methods enable free combining of the isoforms to test the molecular mechanisms of their participation in the actin-myosin interaction. Using the optical trap and the in vitro motility assay, we have studied functional characteristics of the cardiac myosin isoforms, molecular mechanisms of the calcium-dependent regulation of actin-myosin interaction, and the role of myosin and tropomyosin isoforms in the cooperativity mechanisms in myocardium. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial contractility and its regulation is necessary for comprehension of cardiac muscle functioning, its disorders in pathologies, and for development of approaches for their correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620041, Russia.
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26
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Depressed Myocardial Contractility: Can It Be Rescued? Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:428-432. [PMID: 27776727 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Current dogma suggests patients with advanced systolic heart failure have an irreversible depression in myocardial contractility. Recent experience with improved ventricular function during continuous flow ventricular assist devices used as destination therapy would suggest otherwise. Herein, cellular and molecular signaling involved in reversing depressed myocardial contractility would be addressed. This includes cardiomyocyte thyroid hormone signaling responsible for the reexpression of fetal gene program that preserves cell efficiency (work and energy consumed) and the rescue of an endogenous population of atrophic myocytes bordering on microdomains of fibrosis to improve contractile mass.
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27
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Lodka D, Pahuja A, Geers-Knörr C, Scheibe RJ, Nowak M, Hamati J, Köhncke C, Purfürst B, Kanashova T, Schmidt S, Glass DJ, Morano I, Heuser A, Kraft T, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Dittmar G, Sommer T, Fielitz J. Muscle RING-finger 2 and 3 maintain striated-muscle structure and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:165-80. [PMID: 27493870 PMCID: PMC4863828 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Muscle-specific RING-finger (MuRF) protein family of E3 ubiquitin ligases is important for maintenance of muscular structure and function. MuRF proteins mediate adaptation of striated muscles to stress. MuRF2 and MuRF3 bind to microtubules and are implicated in sarcomere formation with noticeable functional redundancy. However, if this redundancy is important for muscle function in vivo is unknown. Our objective was to investigate cooperative function of MuRF2 and MuRF3 in the skeletal muscle and the heart in vivo. METHODS MuRF2 and MuRF3 double knockout mice (DKO) were generated and phenotypically characterized. Skeletal muscle and the heart were investigated by morphological measurements, histological analyses, electron microscopy, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR. Isolated muscles were subjected to in vitro force measurements. Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography and working heart preparations. Function of cardiomyocytes was measured in vitro. Cell culture experiments and mass-spectrometry were used for mechanistic analyses. RESULTS DKO mice showed a protein aggregate myopathy in skeletal muscle. Maximal force development was reduced in DKO soleus and extensor digitorum longus. Additionally, a fibre type shift towards slow/type I fibres occurred in DKO soleus and extensor digitorum longus. MuRF2 and MuRF3-deficient hearts showed decreased systolic and diastolic function. Further analyses revealed an increased expression of the myosin heavy chain isoform beta/slow and disturbed calcium handling as potential causes for the phenotype in DKO hearts. CONCLUSIONS The redundant function of MuRF2 and MuRF3 is important for maintenance of skeletal muscle and cardiac structure and function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Lodka
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Aanchal Pahuja
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology Hannover Medical School 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Cornelia Geers-Knörr
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology Hannover Medical School 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Renate J Scheibe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry Hannover Medical School 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Marcel Nowak
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch 13125 Berlin Germany; Department of Intracellular Proteolysis Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jida Hamati
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Clemens Köhncke
- Department of Molecular Muscle Physiology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Department of Electron Microscopy Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Department of Mass Spectrometry Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Sibylle Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Ingo Morano
- Department of Molecular Muscle Physiology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Department of Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology Hannover Medical School 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas 75390-9148 USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas 75390-9148 USA
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department of Mass Spectrometry Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Department of Intracellular Proteolysis Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch 13125 Berlin Germany; Department of Cardiology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow 13353 Berlin Germany
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Viola HM, Hool LC. Role of the cytoskeleton in communication between L-type Ca(2+) channels and mitochondria. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 40:295-304. [PMID: 23551128 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The L-type Ca(2+) channel is the main route for Ca(2+) entry into cardiac myocytes, which is essential for the maintenance of cardiac excitation and contraction. Alterations in L-type Ca(2+) channel activity and Ca(2+) homeostasis have been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathies. Cardiac excitation and contraction is fuelled by ATP, synthesized predominantly by the mitochondria via the Ca(2+)-dependent process oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of oxidative phosphorylation and are associated with the development of cardiac pathology. The cytoskeleton plays a role in the communication of signals from the plasma membrane to intracellular organelles. There is good evidence that both L-type Ca(2+) channel activity and mitochondrial function can be modulated by changes in the cytoskeletal network. Activation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel can regulate mitochondrial function through cytoskeletal proteins as a result of transmission of movement from the β(2)-subunit of the channel that occurs during activation and inactivation of the channel. An association between cytoskeletal proteins and the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) may play a role in this response. The L-type Ca(2+) channel is the initiator of contraction in cardiac muscle and the VDAC is responsible for regulating mitochondrial ATP/ADP trafficking. This article presents evidence that a functional coupling between L-type Ca(2+) channels and mitochondria may assist in meeting myocardial energy demand on a beat-to-beat basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Viola
- Cardiovascular Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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30
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Schwan J, Campbell SG. Prospects for In Vitro Myofilament Maturation in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Myocytes. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:91-103. [PMID: 26085788 PMCID: PMC4463797 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s23912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells are quickly becoming mainstays of cardiac regenerative medicine, in vitro disease modeling, and drug screening. Their suitability for such roles may seem obvious, but assessments of their contractile behavior suggest that they have not achieved a completely mature cardiac muscle phenotype. This could be explained in part by an incomplete transition from fetal to adult myofilament protein isoform expression. In this commentary, we review evidence that supports this hypothesis and discuss prospects for ultimately generating engineered heart tissue specimens that behave similarly to adult human myocardium. We suggest approaches to better characterize myofilament maturation level in these in vitro systems, and illustrate how new computational models could be used to better understand complex relationships between muscle contraction, myofilament protein isoform expression, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Greco CM, Condorelli G. Epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:488-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Stauffer BL, Dockstader K, Russell G, Hijmans J, Walker L, Cecil M, Demos-Davies K, Medway A, McKinsey TA, Sucharov CC. Transgenic over-expression of YY1 induces pathologic cardiac hypertrophy in a sex-specific manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:131-7. [PMID: 25935483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
YY1 can activate or repress transcription of various genes. In cardiac myocytes in culture YY1 has been shown to regulate expression of several genes involved in myocyte pathology. YY1 can also acutely protect the heart against detrimental changes in gene expression. In this study we show that cardiac over-expression of YY1 induces pathologic cardiac hypertrophy in male mice, measured by changes in gene expression and lower ejection fraction/fractional shortening. In contrast, female animals are protected against pathologic gene expression changes and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, we show that YY1 regulates, in a sex-specific manner, the expression of mammalian enable (Mena), a factor that regulates cytoskeletal actin dynamics and whose expression is increased in several models of cardiac pathology, and that Mena expression in humans with heart failure is sex-dependent. Finally, we show that sex differences in YY1 expression are also observed in human heart failure. In summary, this is the first work to show that YY1 has a sex-specific effect in the regulation of cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Karen Dockstader
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gloria Russell
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Departamento de Medicina, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Jamie Hijmans
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allen Medway
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Crozatier B, Ventura-Clapier R. Inhibition of Hypertrophy, Per Se, May Not Be a Good Therapeutic Strategy in Ventricular Pressure Overload: Other Approaches Could Be More Beneficial. Circulation 2015; 131:1448-57. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Crozatier
- From Université Paris-Sud 11, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- From Université Paris-Sud 11, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Abstract
RNAs not encoding proteins have gained prominence over the last couple of decades as fundamental regulators of cellular function. Not surprisingly, their dysregulation is increasingly being linked to pathology. Here, we review recent reports investigating the pathophysiological relevance of this species of RNA for the cardiovascular system, concentrating mainly on recent findings on long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thum
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (T.T.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (T.T.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Country of Italy, Milan, Italy (G.C.); University of
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (T.T.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (T.T.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Country of Italy, Milan, Italy (G.C.); University of
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Yin Z, Ren J, Guo W. Sarcomeric protein isoform transitions in cardiac muscle: a journey to heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:47-52. [PMID: 25446994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomeric protein isoforms are mainly governed by alternative promoter-driven expression, distinct gene expression, gene mutation and alternative mRNA splicing. The transitions of sarcomeric proteins have been implicated to play a role in the onset and development of human heart failure. In this mini-review, we summarized isoform transitions of several most widely examined sarcomeric proteins including myosin, actin, troponin, tropomyosin, titin and myosin binding protein-C, and the consequence of these abnormal isoform transitions. Even though the isoform transitions of sarcomeric proteins have been described in individual sarcomeric protein reviews, no concise summary of these results has been presented previously. This review is intended to fill this gap and discuss possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yin
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, College of Health Science, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, College of Health Science, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA.
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36
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Hajje G, Saliba Y, Itani T, Moubarak M, Aftimos G, Farès N. Hypothyroidism and its rapid correction alter cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109753. [PMID: 25333636 PMCID: PMC4198123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of mild and overt thyroid disease include a vast array of pathological changes. As well, thyroid replacement therapy has been suggested for preserving cardiac function. However, the influence of thyroid hormones on cardiac remodeling has not been thoroughly investigated at the molecular and cellular levels. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of hypothyroidism and thyroid replacement therapy on cardiac alterations. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: a control (n = 10) group and a group treated with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) (n = 20) to induce hypothyroidism. Ten of the 20 rats in the PTU group were then treated with L-thyroxine to quickly re-establish euthyroidism. The serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL6) and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), were significantly increased in hypothyroid rats; elevations in cardiac stress markers, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were also noted. The expressions of cardiac remodeling genes were induced in hypothyroid rats in parallel with the development of fibrosis, and a decline in cardiac function with chamber dilation was measured by echocardiography. Rapidly reversing the hypothyroidism and restoring the euthyroid state improved cardiac function with a decrease in the levels of cardiac remodeling markers. However, this change further increased the levels of inflammatory and fibrotic markers in the plasma and heart and led to myocardial cellular infiltration. In conclusion, we showed that hypothyroidism is related to cardiac function decline, fibrosis and inflammation; most importantly, the rapid correction of hypothyroidism led to cardiac injuries. Our results might offer new insights for the management of hypothyroidism-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Hajje
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Itani
- Institut National de Pathologie, Baabda, Lebanon
| | - Majed Moubarak
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Nassim Farès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Technologie Santé, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
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Han P, Li W, Lin CH, Yang J, Shang C, Nuernberg ST, Jin KK, Xu W, Lin CY, Lin CJ, Xiong Y, Chien H, Zhou B, Ashley E, Bernstein D, Chen PS, Chen HSV, Quertermous T, Chang CP. A long noncoding RNA protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. Nature 2014; 514:102-106. [PMID: 25119045 PMCID: PMC4184960 DOI: 10.1038/nature13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in adult hearts is unknown; also unclear is how lncRNA modulates nucleosome remodeling. An estimated 70% of mouse genes undergo antisense transcription1, including myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7) that encodes molecular motor proteins for heart contraction2. Here, we identify a cluster of lncRNA transcripts from Myh7 loci and show a new lncRNA–chromatin mechanism for heart failure. In mice, these transcripts, which we named Myosin Heavy Chain Associated RNA Transcripts (MyHEART or Mhrt), are cardiac-specific and abundant in adult hearts. Pathological stress activates the Brg1-Hdac-Parp chromatin repressor complex3 to inhibit Mhrt transcription in the heart. Such stress-induced Mhrt repression is essential for cardiomyopathy to develop: restoring Mhrt to the pre-stress level protects the heart from hypertrophy and failure. Mhrt antagonizes the function of Brg1, a chromatin-remodeling factor that is activated by stress to trigger aberrant gene expression and cardiac myopathy3. Mhrt prevents Brg1 from recognizing its genomic DNA targets, thus inhibiting chromatin targeting and gene regulation by Brg1. Mhrt binds to the helicase domain of Brg1, and this domain is crucial for tethering Brg1 to chromatinized DNA targets. Brg1 helicase has dual nucleic acid-binding specificities: it is capable of binding lncRNA (Mhrt) and chromatinized—but not naked—DNA. This dual-binding feature of helicase enables a competitive inhibition mechanism by which Mhrt sequesters Brg1 from its genomic DNA targets to prevent chromatin remodeling. A Mhrt-Brg1 feedback circuit is thus crucial for heart function. Human MHRT also originates from MYH7 loci and is repressed in various types of myopathic hearts, suggesting a conserved lncRNA mechanism in human cardiomyopathy. Our studies identify the first cardioprotective lncRNA, define a new targeting mechanism for ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors, and establish a new paradigm for lncRNA–chromatin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.,Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chiou-Hong Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jin Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.,Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Ching Shang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sylvia T Nuernberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kevin Kai Jin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Weihong Xu
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chien-Jung Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Huanchieh Chien
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Price Center 420, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Euan Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Huei-Sheng Vincent Chen
- Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford/Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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38
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Miyamoto SD, Stauffer BL, Polk J, Medway A, Friedrich M, Haubold K, Peterson V, Nunley K, Nelson P, Sobus R, Stenmark KR, Sucharov CC. Gene expression and β-adrenergic signaling are altered in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33:785-93. [PMID: 24793904 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to define the myocellular changes and adaptation of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) system that occur in the systemic right ventricle (RV) of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). METHODS Explanted hearts from children with HLHS and non-failing controls were used for this study. HLHS patients were divided into 2 groups: "compensated" (C-HLHS), infants listed for primary transplant with normal RV function and absence of heart failure symptoms, and "decompensated" (D-HLHS), patients listed for transplant after failed surgical palliation with RV failure and/or refractory protein-losing enteropathy or plastic bronchitis. RESULTS Compared with non-failing control RVs, the HLHS RV demonstrated decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphatase 2a and α-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression, decreased total β-AR due to down-regulation of β1-AR, preserved cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, and increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity. There was increased atrial natriuretic peptide expression only in the C-HLHS group. Unique to those in the D-HLHS group was increased β-MHC and decreased α-MHC protein expression (MHC isoform switching), increased adenylyl cyclase 5 expression, and increased phosphorylation of the CaMK target site on phospholamban, threonine 17. CONCLUSIONS The HLHS RV has an abnormal myocardial gene expression pattern, downregulation of β1-AR, preserved cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, and increased CaMKII activity compared with the non-failing control RV. There is MHC isoform switching, increased adenylyl cyclase 5, and increased phosphorylation of phospholamban threonine 17 only in the D-HLHS group. Although abnormal gene expression and changes in the β-AR system precede clinically evident ventricular failure in HLHS, additional unique adaptations occur in those with HLHS and failed surgical palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jeremy Polk
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Allen Medway
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Friedrich
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt Haubold
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Valencia Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karin Nunley
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Penny Nelson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca Sobus
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Papait R, Kunderfranco P, Stirparo GG, Latronico MVG, Condorelli G. Long noncoding RNA: a new player of heart failure? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:876-83. [PMID: 23835777 PMCID: PMC3838575 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One the most important discoveries of the post-genomic era is that a large fraction of the genome transcribes a heterogeneous population of noncoding RNAs (ncRNA). ncRNAs shorter than 200 nucleotides are usually identified as short/small ncRNAs--examples include PIWI-interacting RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs)--whereas those longer than 200 nucleotides are classified as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules are emerging as important regulators of cellular process, such as development, differentiation, and metabolism. Not surprisingly, ncRNAs are involved also in human diseases, such as cancer and metabolic and neuronal disorders. Although the role of miRNAs is being largely investigated in cardiovascular biology, little is known about other classes of ncRNA in this field. However, recent reports have started to reveal the importance of lncRNA in heart development and suggest also an involvement in heart failure. Here, we will discuss these reports and the therapeutic potential of lncRNA for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20098 Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rozzano, MI 20098 Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20098 Italy
| | - Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20098 Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, 20100 Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20098 Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, 20100 Italy
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40
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Genome-wide analysis of histone marks identifying an epigenetic signature of promoters and enhancers underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20164-9. [PMID: 24284169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315155110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, initially an adaptive response of the myocardium to stress, can progress to heart failure. The epigenetic signature underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. Here, we report on the genome-wide distribution of seven histone modifications in adult mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to a prohypertrophy stimulus in vivo. We found a set of promoters with an epigenetic pattern that distinguishes specific functional classes of genes regulated in hypertrophy and identified 9,207 candidate active enhancers whose activity was modulated. We also analyzed the transcriptional network within which these genetic elements act to orchestrate hypertrophy gene expression, finding a role for myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2C and MEF2A in regulating enhancers. We propose that the epigenetic landscape is a key determinant of gene expression reprogramming in cardiac hypertrophy and provide a basis for understanding the role of chromatin in regulating this phenomenon.
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41
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Pedram A, Razandi M, Korach KS, Narayanan R, Dalton JT, Levin ER. ERβ selective agonist inhibits angiotensin-induced cardiovascular pathology in female mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4352-64. [PMID: 23970786 PMCID: PMC5398592 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy in humans can progress to cardiac failure if the underlying impetus is poorly controlled. An important direct stimulator of hypertrophy and its progression is the angiotensin II (AngII) peptide. AngII also causes hypertension that indirectly contributes to cardiac hypertrophy. Others and we have shown that estrogens acting through the estrogen receptor (ER)-β can inhibit AngII-induced or other forms of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. However, the proliferative effects of estrogen in breast and uterus that promote the development of malignancy preclude using the steroid to prevent cardiac disease progression. We therefore tested whether an ERβ selective agonist, β-LGND2, can prevent hypertension and cardiac pathology in female mice. AngII infusion over 3 weeks significantly stimulated systolic and diastolic hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis, all significantly prevented by β-LGND2 in wild-type but not in ERβ genetically deleted mice. AngII stimulated the Akt kinase to phosphorylate and inhibit the glycogen synthase kinase-3β kinase, leading to GATA4 transcription factor activation and hypertrophic mRNA expression. As a novel mechanism, all these actions were opposed by estradiol and β-LGND2. Our findings provide additional understanding of the antihypertrophic effects of ERβ and serve as an impetus to test specific receptor agonists in humans to prevent the worsening of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pedram
- MD, Medical Service (111-I), Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, California 90822.
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42
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Pedram A, Razandi M, Narayanan R, Dalton JT, McKinsey TA, Levin ER. Estrogen regulates histone deacetylases to prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3805-18. [PMID: 24152730 PMCID: PMC3861078 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II stimulation of HDAC2 production, phosphorylation by CK2, and resulting modulation of target genes, which promote cardiac hypertrophy, are opposed by estrogen/ERβ. Angiotensin II also represses class II HDAC4 and 5 production and stimulates their phosphorylation, which expels them from the nucleus, and estrogen prevents this. The development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy often leads to heart failure and death, and important modulators of hypertrophy include the histone deacetylase proteins (HDACs). Estrogen inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and progression in animal models and humans. We therefore investigated the influence of 17-β-estradiol on the production, localization, and functions of prohypertrophic (class I) and antihypertrophic (class II) HDACs in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. 17-β-Estradiol or estrogen receptor β agonists dipropylnitrile and β-LGND2 comparably suppressed angiotensin II–induced HDAC2 (class I) production, HDAC-activating phosphorylation, and the resulting prohypertrophic mRNA expression. In contrast, estrogenic compounds derepressed the opposite effects of angiotensin II on the same parameters for HDAC4 and 5 (class II), resulting in retention of these deacetylases in the nucleus to inhibit hypertrophic gene expression. Key aspects were confirmed in vivo from the hearts of wild-type but not estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene–deleted mice administered angiotensin II and estrogenic compounds. Our results identify a novel dual regulation of cardiomyocyte HDACs, shown here for the antihypertrophic sex steroid acting at ERβ. This mechanism potentially supports using ERβ agonists as HDAC modulators to treat cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pedram
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822 GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN 38163 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
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Li X, Nooh MM, Bahouth SW. Role of AKAP79/150 protein in β1-adrenergic receptor trafficking and signaling in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33797-33812. [PMID: 24121510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) participate in the formation of macromolecular signaling complexes that include protein kinases, ion channels, effector enzymes, and G-protein-coupled receptors. We examined the role of AKAP79/150 (AKAP5) in trafficking and signaling of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR). shRNA-mediated down-regulation of AKAP5 in HEK-293 cells inhibited the recycling of the β1-AR. Recycling of the β1-AR in AKAP5 knockdown cells was rescued by shRNA-resistant AKAP5. However, truncated mutants of AKAP5 with deletions in the domains involved in membrane targeting or in binding to calcineurin or PKA failed to restore the recycling of the β1-AR, indicating that full-length AKAP5 was required. Furthermore, recycling of the β1-AR in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes was dependent on targeting the AKAP5-PKA complex to the C-terminal tail of the β1-AR. To analyze the role of AKAP5 more directly, recycling of the β1-AR was determined in ventricular myocytes from AKAP5(-/-) mice. In AKAP5(-/-) myocytes, the agonist-internalized β1-AR did not recycle, except when full-length AKAP5 was reintroduced. These data indicate that AKAP5 exerted specific and profound effects on β1-AR recycling in mammalian cells. Biochemical or real time FRET-based imaging of cyclic AMP revealed that deletion of AKAP5 sensitized the cardiac β1-AR signaling pathway to isoproterenol. Moreover, isoproterenol-mediated increase in contraction rate, surface area, or expression of β-myosin heavy chains was significantly greater in AKAP5(-/-) myocytes than in AKAP5(+/+) myocytes. These results indicate a significant role for the AKAP5 scaffold in signaling and trafficking of the β1-AR in cardiac myocytes and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Suleiman W Bahouth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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44
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Sugihara M, Odagiri F, Suzuki T, Murayama T, Nakazato Y, Unuma K, Yoshida KI, Daida H, Sakurai T, Morimoto S, Kurebayashi N. Usefulness of running wheel for detection of congestive heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55514. [PMID: 23383212 PMCID: PMC3561288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive disease that often results in death from congestive heart failure (CHF) or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Mouse models with human DCM mutation are useful to investigate the developmental mechanisms of CHF and SCD, but knowledge of the severity of CHF in live mice is necessary. We aimed to diagnose CHF in live DCM model mice by measuring voluntary exercise using a running wheel and to determine causes of death in these mice. Methodology/Principal Findings A knock-in mouse with a mutation in cardiac troponin T (ΔK210) (DCM mouse), which results in frequent death with a t1/2 of 70 to 90 days, was used as a DCM model. Until 2 months of age, average wheel-running activity was similar between wild-type and DCM mice (approximately 7 km/day). At approximately 3 months, some DCM mice demonstrated low running activity (LO: <1 km/day) while others maintained high running activity (HI: >5 km/day). In the LO group, the lung weight/body weight ratio was much higher than that in the other groups, and the lungs were infiltrated with hemosiderin-loaded alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, echocardiography showed more severe ventricular dilation and a lower ejection fraction, whereas Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed QRS widening. There were two patterns in the time courses of running activity before death in DCM mice: deaths with maintained activity and deaths with decreased activity. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that DCM mice with low running activity developed severe CHF and that running wheels are useful for detection of CHF in mouse models. We found that approximately half of ΔK210 DCM mice die suddenly before onset of CHF, whereas others develop CHF, deteriorate within 10 to 20 days, and die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sugihara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Odagiri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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45
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Pinto JR, Gomes AV, Jones MA, Liang J, Nguyen S, Miller T, Parvatiyar MS, Potter JD. The functional properties of human slow skeletal troponin T isoforms in cardiac muscle regulation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37362-70. [PMID: 22977240 PMCID: PMC3481333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.364927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human slow skeletal troponin T (HSSTnT) shares a high degree of homology with cardiac TnT (CTnT). Although the presence of HSSTnT has not been confirmed in the heart at the protein level, detectable levels of HSSTnT mRNA have been found. Whether HSSTnT isoforms are expressed transiently remains unknown. Because transient re-expression of HSSTnT may be a potential mechanism of regulating function, we explored the effect of HSSTnT on the regulation of cardiac muscle. At least three HSSTnT isoforms have been found to exist in slow skeletal muscle: HSSTnT1 (+exons 5 and 12), HSSTnT2 (+exon 5, -exon 12), and HSSTnT3 (-exons 5 and 12). Another isoform, HSSTnT hypothetical (Hyp) (-exon 5, +exon 12), has only been found at the mRNA level. Compared with HCTnT3 (adult isoform), Tn complexes containing HSSTnT1, -2, and -3 did not alter the actomyosin ATPase activation and inhibition in the presence and absence of Ca(2+), respectively. HSSTnTHyp was not evaluated as it did not form a Tn complex under a variety of conditions. Porcine papillary skinned fibers displaced with HSSTnT1, -2, or -3 and reconstituted with human cardiac troponin I and troponin C (HCTnI·TnC) complex showed a decrease in the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force development and an increase in maximal recovered force (HSSTnT1 and -3) compared with HCTnT3. In contrast, HSSTnTHyp showed an increase in the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force development. This suggests that re- or overexpression of specific SSTnT isoforms might have therapeutic potential in the failing heart because they increase the maximal force of contraction. In addition, circular dichroism and proteolytic digestion experiments revealed structural differences between HSSTnT isoforms and HCTnT3 and that HSSTnT1 is more susceptible to calpain and trypsin proteolysis than the other HSSTnTs. Overall, HSSTnT isoforms despite being homologues of CTnT may display distinct functional properties in muscle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Miyamoto SD, Stauffer BL, Nakano S, Sobus R, Nunley K, Nelson P, Sucharov CC. Beta-adrenergic adaptation in paediatric idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2012; 35:33-41. [PMID: 22843448 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pathophysiology and treatment of adult heart failure (HF) are well studied, HF in children remains poorly understood. In adults, adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated adaptation plays a central role in cardiac abnormalities in HF, and these patients respond well to β-blocker (BB) therapy. However, in children with HF, there is a growing body of literature suggesting a lack of efficacy of adult HF therapies. Due to these unanticipated differences in response to therapy and the paucity of data regarding the molecular adaptation of the paediatric heart, we investigated the molecular characteristics of HF in children. METHODS AND RESULTS Explanted hearts from adults and children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and non-failing controls were used in the study. Our results show that the molecular characteristics of paediatric HF are strikingly different from their adult counterparts. These differences include: (i) down-regulation of β1- and β2-AR in children, whereas β2-AR expression is maintained in adults; (ii) up-regulation of connexin43 in children, whereas down-regulation is observed in adults; (iii) no differences in phosphatase expression, whereas up-regulation is observed in adults; (iv) no decrease in the phosphorylation of phospholamban at the Ser16 or Thr17 sites in children, which are known characteristics of adult HF. CONCLUSION There is a different adaptation of β-AR and adrenergic signalling pathways in children with HF compared with adults. Our results begin to address the disparities in cardiovascular research specific to children and suggest that age-related differences in adaptation could influence the response to therapy. These findings could lead to a paradigm shift in the contemporary management of children with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Abstract
This review discusses cardiac consequences of pressure overload. In response to elevated pressure, the ventricular hypertrophy compensates for the increased wall stress. However, the ventricular hypertrophy involves numerous structural adaptations that may lead to ventricular dysfunction and, eventually, heart failure. Particular emphasis is placed on molecular mechanisms that govern the development of hypertrophy and that may lead to maladaptive structural changes resulting in adverse cardiac events.
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Martin TP, Robinson E, Harvey AP, MacDonald M, Grieve DJ, Paul A, Currie S. Surgical optimization and characterization of a minimally invasive aortic banding procedure to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:822-32. [PMID: 22447975 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.065573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular pressure overload in response to aortic banding is an invaluable model for studying progression of cardiac hypertrophy and transition to heart failure. Traditional aortic banding has recently been superceded by minimally invasive transverse aortic banding (MTAB), which does not require ventilation so is less technically challenging. Although the MTAB approach is superior, few laboratories have documented success, and minimal information on the model is available. The aim of this study was to optimize conditions for MTAB and to characterize the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Isofluorane proved the most suitable anaesthetic for MTAB surgery in mice, and 1 week after surgery the MTAB animals showed significant increases in systolic blood pressure (MTAB 110 ± 6 mmHg versus sham 78 ± 3 mmHg, n = 7, P < 0.0001) and heart weight to body weight ratio (MTAB 6.2 ± 0.2 versus sham 5.1 ± 0.1, n = 12, P < 0.001), together with systolic (e.g. fractional shortening, MTAB 31.7 ± 1% versus sham 36.6 ± 1.4%, P = 0.01) and diastolic dysfunction (e.g. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, MTAB 12.7 ± 1.0 mmHg versus sham 6.7 ± 0.8 mmHg, P < 0.001). Leucocyte infiltration to the heart was evident after 1 week in MTAB hearts, signifying an inflammatory response. More pronounced remodelling was observed 4 weeks postsurgery (heart weight to body weight ratio, MTAB 9.1 ± 0.6 versus sham 4.6 ± 0.04, n = 10, P < 0.0001) and fractional shortening was further decreased (MTAB 24.3 ± 2.5% versus sham 43.6 ± 1.7%, n = 10, P = 0.003), together with a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis and further cardiac inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that MTAB is a relevant experimental model for studying development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy, which will be highly valuable for future studies examining potential novel therapeutic interventions in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Electrophoretic mobility of cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms revisited: application of MALDI TOF/TOF analysis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:634253. [PMID: 22187528 PMCID: PMC3237020 DOI: 10.1155/2011/634253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of two cardiac myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in response to the thyroid status was studied in left ventricles (LVs) of Lewis rats. Major MyHC isoform in euthyroid and hyperthyroid LVs had a higher mobility on SDS-PAGE, whereas hypothyroid LVs predominantly contained a MyHC isoform with a lower mobility corresponding to that of the control soleus muscle. By comparing the MyHC profiles obtained under altered thyroid states together with the control soleus, we concluded that MyHCα was represented by the lower band with higher mobility and MyHCβ by the upper band. The identity of these two bands in SDS-PAGE gels was confirmed by western blot and mass spectrometry. Thus, in contrast to the literature data, we found that the MyHCα possessed a higher mobility rate than the MyHCβ isoform. Our data highlighted the importance of the careful identification of the MyHCα and MyHCβ isoforms analyzed by the SDS-PAGE.
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Abstract
The cardiovascular system is broadly composed of the heart, which pumps blood, and the blood vessels, which carry blood to and from tissues of the body. Heart malformations are the most serious common birth defect, affecting at least 2% of newborns and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Severe heart malformations cause heart failure in fetuses, infants, and children, whereas milder heart defects may not trigger significant heart dysfunction until early or midadulthood. Severe vasculogenesis or angiogenesis defects in embryos are incompatible with life, and anomalous arterial patterning may cause vascular aberrancies that often require surgical treatment. It is therefore important to understand the underlying mechanisms that control cardiovascular development. Understanding developmental mechanisms will also help us design better strategies to regenerate cardiovascular tissues for therapeutic purposes. An important mechanism regulating genes involves the modification of chromatin, the higher-order structure in which DNA is packaged. Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of cardiovascular development at the chromatin level, including the remodeling of chromatin and the modification of histones. Chromatin-level regulation integrates multiple inputs and coordinates broad gene expression programs. Thus, understanding chromatin-level regulation will allow for a better appreciation of gene regulation as a whole and may set a fundamental basis for cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on how chromatin-remodeling and histone-modifying factors regulate gene expression to control cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pin Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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