1
|
Herfindal AM, Nilsen M, Aspholm TE, Schultz GIG, Valeur J, Rudi K, Thoresen M, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Bøhn SK. Effects of fructan and gluten on gut microbiota in individuals with self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity-a randomised controlled crossover trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:358. [PMID: 39227818 PMCID: PMC11373345 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) experience improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms following a gluten-free diet. Although previous results have indicated that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a type of short-chain fructans, were more likely to induce symptoms than gluten in self-reported NCGWS patients, the underlying mechanisms are unresolved. METHODS Our main objective was therefore to investigate whether FOS-fructans and gluten affect the composition and diversity of the faecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), faecal metabolites of microbial fermentation (short-chain fatty acids [SCFA]; gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and a faecal biomarker of gut inflammation (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, also known as lipocalin 2, NGAL/LCN2; ELISA). In the randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, 59 participants with self-reported NCGWS underwent three different 7-day diet challenges with gluten (5.7 g/day), FOS-fructans (2.1 g/day), and placebo separately (three periods, six challenge sequences). RESULTS The relative abundances of certain bacterial taxa were affected differently by the diet challenges. After the FOS-fructan challenge, Fusicatenibacter increased, while Eubacterium (E.) coprostanoligenes group, Anaerotruncus, and unknown Ruminococcaceae genera decreased. The gluten challenge was primarily characterized by increased abundance of Eubacterium xylanophilum group. However, no differences were found for bacterial diversity (α-diversity), overall bacterial community structure (β-diversity), faecal metabolites (SCFA), or NGAL/LCN2. Furthermore, gastrointestinal symptoms in response to FOS-fructans were generally not linked to substantial shifts in the gut bacterial community. However, the reduction in E. coprostanoligenes group following the FOS-fructan challenge was associated with increased gastrointestinal pain. Finally, correlation analysis revealed that changes in gastrointestinal symptoms following the FOS-fructan and gluten challenges were linked to varying bacterial abundances at baseline. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, while FOS-fructans induced more gastrointestinal symptoms than gluten in the NCGWS patients, we did not find that substantial shifts in the composition nor function of the faecal microbiota could explain these differences in the current study. However, our results indicate that individual variations in baseline bacterial composition/function may influence the gastrointestinal symptom response to both FOS-fructans and gluten. Additionally, the change in E. coprostanoligenes group, which was associated with increased symptoms, implies that attention should be given to these bacteria in future trials investigating the impact of dietary treatments on gastrointestinal symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464150.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Trude E Aspholm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Disease Research Centre, Norwegian Coeliac, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv K Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amin A, Mekadim C, Modrackova N, Bolechova P, Mrazek J, Neuzil-Bunesova V. Microbiome composition and presence of cultivable commensal groups of Southern Tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) varies with captive conditions. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:21. [PMID: 38698458 PMCID: PMC11064412 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Southern Tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) belong to the specialized placental myrmecophages. There is not much information about their intestinal microbiome. Moreover, due to their food specialization, it is difficult to create an adequate diet under breeding conditions. Therefore, we used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to analyze the fecal microbiome of captive Southern Tamanduas from four locations in the Czech Republic and evaluated the impact of the incoming diet and facility conditions on microbiome composition. Together with the microbiome analysis, we also quantified and identified cultivable commensals. The anteater fecal microbiome was dominated by the phyla Bacillota and Bacteroidota, while Pseudomonadota, Spirochaetota, and Actinobacteriota were less abundant. At the taxonomic family level, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Streptococcaceae were mainly represented in the fecal microbiome of animals from all locations. Interestingly, Lactobacillaceae dominated in the location with a zoo-made diet. These animals also had significantly lower diversity of gut microbiome in comparison with animals from other locations fed mainly with a complete commercial diet. Moreover, captive conditions of analyzed anteater included other factors such as the enrichment of the diet with insect-based products, probiotic interventions, the presence of other animals in the exposure, which can potentially affect the composition of the microbiome and cultivable microbes. In total, 63 bacterial species from beneficial commensal to opportunistic pathogen were isolated and identified using MALDI-TOF MS in the set of more than one thousand selected isolates. Half of the detected species were present in the fecal microbiota of most animals, the rest varied across animals and locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amin
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Chahrazed Mekadim
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikol Modrackova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bolechova
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrazek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Neuzil-Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Raoul P, De Gaetano V, Sciaraffia G, Ormea G, Cintoni M, Pozzo C, Strippoli A, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC, Rinninella E. Gastric Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Nutrition: The Role of Microbiota. Pathogens 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38787209 PMCID: PMC11124250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. However, ICI treatment outcomes vary between individuals and need to be optimized. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could represent a key influencer of immunotherapy responses. At the same time, the nutritional status and diet of GC patients are also predictive of immunotherapy treatment response and survival outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to gather recent findings about the complex relationships between the oral, gastric, and gut bacterial communities, dietary factors/nutritional parameters, and immunotherapy responses. Perigastric/gut microbiota compositions/functions and their metabolites could be predictive of response to immunotherapy in GC patients and even overall survival. At the same time, the strong influence of diet on the composition of the microbiota could have consequences on immunotherapy responses through the impact of muscle mass in GC patients during immunotherapy. Future studies are needed to define more precisely the dietary factors, such as adequate daily intake of prebiotics, that could counteract the dysbiosis of the GC microbiota and the impaired nutritional status, improving the clinical outcomes of GC patients during immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Valeria De Gaetano
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianmario Sciaraffia
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Ginevra Ormea
- Degree Course in Pharmacy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Strippoli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akram W, Pandey V, Sharma R, Joshi R, Mishra N, Garud N, Haider T. Inulin: Unveiling its potential as a multifaceted biopolymer in prebiotics, drug delivery, and therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129131. [PMID: 38181920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, inulin has gained much attention as a promising multifunctional natural biopolymer with numerous applications in drug delivery, prebiotics, and therapeutics. It reveals a multifaceted biopolymer with transformative implications by elucidating the intricate interplay between inulin and the host, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. Their flexible structure, exceptional targetability, biocompatibility, inherent ability to control release behavior, tunable degradation kinetics, and protective ability make them outstanding carriers in healthcare and biomedicine. USFDA has approved Inulin as a nutritional dietary supplement for infants. The possible applications of inulin in biomedicine research inspired by nature are presented. The therapeutic potential of inulin goes beyond its role in prebiotics and drug delivery. Recently, significant research efforts have been made towards inulin's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties for their potential applications in treating various chronic diseases. Moreover, its ability to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses opens new avenues for treating conditions such as autoimmune disorders and gastrointestinal ailments. This review will attempt to illustrate the inulin's numerous and interconnected roles, shedding light on its critical contributions to the advancement of healthcare and biomedicine and its recent advancement in therapeutics, and conclude by taking valuable insights into the prospects and opportunities of inulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Ramakant Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ShriRam college of Pharmacy, Banmore 476444, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Navneet Garud
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mathur H, Mechoud MA, Matthews C, Lordan C, FitzGerald JA, Beresford T, Cotter PD. Methods to mitigate Escherichia coli blooms in human ex vivo colon model experiments using the high throughput micro-Matrix bioreactor fermentation system. MethodsX 2023; 11:102393. [PMID: 37846356 PMCID: PMC10577065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo colon model experiments are frequently employed as a means to assess the gut microbiome modulating potential of different foods, food ingredients and dietary supplements. A number of useful models already exist; however, they tend to be relatively low in terms of throughput (3-4 samples per experiment) with a long experiment duration of one to a number of weeks. Therefore, a need for a high-throughput system with a short duration time is required to enable screening of large numbers of samples. Therefore, we report here on the development of a system based on the Applikon micro-Matrix bioreactor which has the capacity to run 24 samples with an experiment duration of 48 h. However, Escherichia coli blooms are a common problem encountered in this model. Here, we describe the factors that contribute to such blooms and provide approaches to address them, providing:•Step by step optimisation of processes involved in conducting ex vivo distal colon experiments using the micro-Matrix bioreactor fermentation platform•Recommended steps for users on how to attenuate E. coli blooms in such ex vivo colon model experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Mathur
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Monica A. Mechoud
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Chloe Matthews
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Jamie A. FitzGerald
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Beresford
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ribeiro PVDM, Veloso TG, de Oliveira LL, Mendes NP, Alfenas RDCG. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet increased the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria in obese adults. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3085-3099. [PMID: 37807018 PMCID: PMC10689717 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics can alter the gastrointestinal environment, favoring the growth of health-promoting bacteria. Although yacon is a functional food, with prebiotic properties (fructooligosaccharides), its effects on the intestinal microbiota have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yacon flour consumption and energy-restricted diet in the intestinal microbiota in adults with excess body weight. Twenty-one adults with excess body weight were included in this randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical trial. Subjects daily consumed at breakfast a drink containing 25 g of yacon flour (n = 11) or not containing yacon (n = 10) and received the prescription of energy-restricted diets. Fecal samples were collected on the first and on last day of the study. 16S rRNA sequencing was assessed to evaluate the effect of yacon fermentation on intestinal microbiota bacterial composition. There was an increase in the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, and Streptococcus after the consumption of yacon and energy-restricted diet. In the yacon group, we also observed a positive correlation between the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids versus the genera Coprococcus and Howardella, besides a negative correlation between the concentrations of advanced glycation end products and early glycation products versus the genera Ruminococcus and Prevotella, respectively. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet selectively changed the intestinal microbiota composition in adults with excess body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register number: RBR-6YH6BQ. Registered 23 January, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vaz de Melo Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Tomas Gomes Veloso
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Nélia Pinheiro Mendes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian S, Paudel D, Hao F, Neupane R, Castro R, Patterson AD, Tiwari AK, Prabhu KS, Singh V. Refined fiber inulin promotes inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis by modulating microbial succinate production. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1863. [PMID: 37489647 PMCID: PMC10644334 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is an increased risk of colon cancer associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary fibers (DFs) naturally present in vegetables and whole grains offer numerous beneficial effects on intestinal health. However, the effects of refined DFs on intestinal health remain unclear. Therefore, we elucidated the impact of the refined DF inulin on colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Four-week-old wild-type (WT) mice were fed diets containing insoluble DF cellulose (control) or refined DF inulin for 4 weeks. A subgroup of mice was then switched to drinking water containing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 1.4% wt/vol) for colitis induction. In another subgroup of mice, colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) was initiated with three 7-day alternate cycles of DSS following an initial dose of mutagenic substance azoxymethane (AOM; 7.5 mg/kg body weight; i.p.). Post 7 weeks of AOM treatment, mice were euthanized and examined for CRC development. RESULTS Mice consuming inulin-containing diet exhibited severe colitis upon DSS administration, as evidenced by more body weight loss, rectal bleeding, and increased colonic inflammation than the DSS-treated control group. Correspondingly, histological analysis revealed extensive disruption of colon architecture and massive infiltration of immune cells in the inulin-fed group. We next examined the effect of inulin on CRC development. Surprisingly, significant mortality (~50%) was observed in the inulin-fed but not in the control group during the DSS cycle. Consequently, the remaining inulin-fed mice, which completed the study exhibited extensive colon tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical characterization showed comparatively high expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and activation of the Wnt signaling in tumor sections obtained from the inulin-fed group. Gut microbiota and metabolite analysis revealed expansion of succinate producers and elevated cecal succinate in inulin-fed mice. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) proliferated more rapidly when supplemented with succinate in an inflamed environment, suggesting that elevated luminal succinate may contribute to tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers that supplementation of diet with refined inulin induces abnormal succinate accumulation in the intestinal lumen, which in part contributes to promoting colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangshan Tian
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ozcan T, Eroglu E. In vitro fermentation assay on the bifidogenic effect of steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana plant for the development of dietetic novel products. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1099-1108. [PMID: 36709420 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2169935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between excessive sugar consumption and many diseases such as dental caries, obesity, diabetes and coronary heart has been increasing in recent years. In this study, utilization of natural sugar replacer steviol glycosides and bifidogenic effect by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis was assayed in vitro model system. The basal medium (non-carbohydrate containing MRS, Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar) were supplemented with 0.025% and 1% stevia, 0.025% stevia + 1% inulin, %1 stevia + 1% inulin. The medium which contained no carbohydrate was designated as negative control, whereas the medium containing 1% glucose or inulin were evaluated as positive and evaluated on the 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of fermentation. Steviol glycosides in both system significantly stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis to varying degrees with highest prebiotic activity score, short chain fatty acid production and growth parameters as much as glucose and prebiotic inulin. The viability of the probiotic bacteria was determined within the bio-therapeutic level with potential prebiotic effects depending on the probiotic bacterial strain growing and the type of carbohydrate source utilized. In the study, stevia at lower concentration showed a higher growth rate of with inulin. In conclusion, stevia can be used as functional ingredients for the modulation of the gut microbiota and design of synbiotic systems as a prebiotic substrate and sugar substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Ozcan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eroglu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Hafik, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Wang Z, Lan Y, Tuo Y, Ma S, Liu X. Inulin Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Alleviates Behavioral Disorders by Modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Mice with Chronic Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13325-13337. [PMID: 37642581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Depression and vulnerability to chronic stress are associated with inflammatory responses and the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Dietary fiber and its short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) metabolites have been reported to affect neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, a 9-week treatment course of inulin (0.037 g of inulin/kcal) exhibited in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice led to antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, as well as improved neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity by enhancing CREB/BDNF signaling. Importantly, inulin inhibited CUMS-induced decreased BBB permeability, reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) brain penetration, and modulated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling to alleviate neuroinflammatory responses. Furthermore, inulin protected the gut barrier integrity and led to the increased formation of SCFAs. Enhanced SCFAs formation was strongly positively correlated with behavioral improvements, BBB integrity, and neuroinflammatory responses. We speculate that dietary fiber may be a promising nutritional intervention to reverse the effects of chronic stress by regulating metabolites and protecting the BBB integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongli Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning 810016, China
| | - Yanliang Tuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eastwood J, van Hemert S, Poveda C, Elmore S, Williams C, Lamport D, Walton G. The Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Composition and Metabolite Production of Faecal Microbiota Using In Vitro Batch Cultures. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112563. [PMID: 37299530 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplements are increasingly being used to target the gut microbiome with a view to improving cognitive and psychological function via the gut-brain axis. One possible mechanism behind the effect of probiotics is through alterations to microbially-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and neurotransmitters. However, research to date has largely been conducted in animal models or under conditions irrelevant to the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aim of the current work was therefore to use anaerobic, pH controlled in vitro batch cultures to (a) assess the production of neuroactive metabolites in human faecal microbiota under conditions relevant to the human GIT, and (b) to explore how several pre-selected probiotic strains may affect bacterial composition and metabolite production. Enumeration of bacteria was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry, and concentrations of SCFAs and neurotransmitters were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, respectively. GABA, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine were successfully detected, suggesting some level of microbial derivation. The addition of Lactococcus lactis W58 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus W198 resulted in a significant increase in lactate after 8 h of fermentation, while no significant effect of probiotics on bacterial composition or neurotransmitter production was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Saskia van Hemert
- Winclove Probiotics, Hulstweg 11, 1032 LB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang M, Jung JH, Kim JY, Hong SH, Her Y. Therapeutic and Preventive Effect of Orally Administered Prebiotics on Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:303-315. [PMID: 37075794 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, interest is increasing in using prebiotics, which are nutrient ingredients of live microorganism that improve the intestinal environments by promoting the growth of beneficial gut microflora. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis (AD) development, few have examined preventive and therapeutic effects of prebiotics on the onset and progression of AD. METHODS In this study, we investigated therapeutic and preventive effect of prebiotics, including β-glucan and inulin, using an oxazolone (OX)-induced AD-like mouse model. Prebiotics were orally administered 2 weeks after the end of sensitization period (therapeutic study) and 3 weeks before the initial sensitization (prevention study). The physiological and histological alterations in the skin and gut of the mice were investigated. RESULTS In the therapeutic study, the severity of skin lesions and inflammatory responses were effectively reduced after administering β-glucan and inulin, respectively. The expression level of calprotectin was significantly decreased by approximately 2-fold (P < 0.05) in the skin and gut of prebiotics-treated mice compared to the control. In addition, epidermal thickness and the number of infiltrated immune cells were markedly reduced in the dermis of prebiotics-treated mice compared <strike>with</strike> to those in the OX-induced mice (P < 0.05). These findings were same as in the prevention study. Importantly, pre-administration of β-glucan and inulin prevented the progression of AD by promoting the growth of good bacteria in the gut of OX-induced AD mice. However, the co-administration of β-glucan and inulin did not show enhanced preventive effects on these alterations. CONCLUSIONS Prebiotics has a therapeutic effect on AD in OX-induced AD mouse model. Moreover, our study suggests that prebiotics prevents the development of AD and this effect is associated with a change in gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minje Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Young Her
- Department of Dermatology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie L, Alam MJ, Marques FZ, Mackay CR. A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101737. [PMID: 36857894 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet and the gut microbiota have a profound influence on physiology and health, however, mechanisms are still emerging. Here we outline several pathways that gut microbiota products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), use to maintain gut and immune homeostasis. Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, and large quantities of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced. Dietary fibre and SCFAs enhance epithelial integrity and thereby limit systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, SCFAs inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC), and thereby affect gene transcription. SCFAs also bind to 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, which promotes immune homeostasis. The enormous amounts of SCFAs produced in the colon are sufficient to lower pH, which affects the function of proton sensors such as GPR65 expressed on the gut epithelium and immune cells. GPR65 is an anti-inflammatory Gαs-coupled receptor, which leads to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The importance of GPR65 in inflammatory diseases is underscored by genetics associated with the missense variant I231L (rs3742704), which is associated with human inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. There is enormous scope to manipulate these pathways using specialized diets that release very high amounts of specific SCFAs in the gut, and we believe that therapies that rely on chemically modified foods is a promising approach. Such an approach includes high SCFA-producing diets, which we have shown to decrease numerous inflammatory western diseases in mouse models. These diets operate at many levels - increased gut integrity, changes to the gut microbiome, and promotion of immune homeostasis, which represents a new and highly promising way to prevent or treat human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne,VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheon S, Kim G, Bae JH, Lee DH, Seong H, Kim DH, Han JS, Lim SY, Han NS. Comparative analysis of prebiotic effects of four oligosaccharides using in vitro gut model: digestibility, microbiome, and metabolome changes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6979797. [PMID: 36623850 PMCID: PMC9875365 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Ad-fructooligosaccharides (Ad-FOS), resistant maltodextrin (RMD), and maltooligosaccharides (MOS) are commercially available prebiotic oligosaccharides. In this study, the effects of prebiotics on the human gut microbial ecosystem were evaluated using an in vitro gut model. FOS and Ad-FOS showed tolerance to digestion, whereas RMD and MOS showed moderate digestion by digestive enzymes. In in vitro fecal fermentation, Bifidobacterium spp. increased in the following order: FOS, Ad-FOS, MOS, and RMD, whereas Bacteroides spp. increased in RMD medium. Bacteroides xylanisolvens exhibited cross-feeding by enabling the growth of other beneficial bacteria during co-culture in RMD medium. In metabolome analysis, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were highly produced in the following order: RMD, FOS, MOS, and Ad-FOS; acetate in the order of FOS, MOS/RMD, and Ad-FOS; butyrate in the order of RMD, MOS, FOS, and Ad-FOS; and propionate only in RMD. In addition, the conversion of betaine to trimethylamine was rarely affected in the following order: MOS, RMD, FOS, and Ad-FOS. Lastly, the four oligosaccharides inhibited the adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli to human epithelial cells to a similar extent. The comparative analysis results obtained in this study will provide comprehensive information of these substances to manufacturers and customers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae-Han Bae
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Seong
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Han
- Samyang Corp. 295 Pangyo-ro, Samyang Corporation Food Biotech R&D Center, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Youn Lim
- Samyang Corp. 295 Pangyo-ro, Samyang Corporation Food Biotech R&D Center, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Corresponding author: Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-43-261-2567; Fax: +82-43-271-4412; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boucher E, Plazy C, Richard ML, Suau A, Mangin I, Cornet M, Aldebert D, Toussaint B, Hannani D. Inulin prebiotic reinforces host cancer immunosurveillance via ɣδ T cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104224. [PMID: 36875124 PMCID: PMC9981629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is now recognized as a key parameter affecting the host's anti-cancer immunosurveillance and ability to respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, optimal modulation for preventive and therapeutic purposes is very appealing. Diet is one of the most potent modulators of microbiota, and thus nutritional intervention could be exploited to improve host anti-cancer immunity. Here, we show that an inulin-enriched diet, a prebiotic known to promote immunostimulatory bacteria, triggers an enhanced Th1-polarized CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response and attenuates tumor growth in three preclinical tumor-bearing mouse models. We highlighted that the inulin-mediated anti-tumor effect relies on the activation of both intestinal and tumor-infiltrating ɣδ T cells that are indispensable for αβ T cell activation and subsequent tumor growth control, in a microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our data identified these cells as a critical immune subset, mandatory for inulin-mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo, further supporting and rationalizing the use of such prebiotic approaches, as well as the development of immunotherapies targeting ɣδ T cells in cancer prevention and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boucher
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Antonia Suau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France.,USC Cnam-ANSES Metabiot, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Irène Mangin
- USC Cnam-ANSES Metabiot, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Cornet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Aldebert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
BAI W, LIU X, FAN Q, GUO B. Effects of functional oligosaccharide on regulating gut microbiota in obese mice: a short review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuncai LIU
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., China
| | - Qunyan FAN
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., China
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functional response to a microbial synbiotic in the gastrointestinal system of children: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02289-0. [PMID: 36319696 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral microbial therapy has been studied as an intervention for a range of gastrointestinal disorders. Though research suggests that microbial exposure may affect the gastrointestinal system, motility, and host immunity in a pediatric population, data have been inconsistent, with most prior studies being in neither a randomized nor placebo-controlled setting. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a synbiotic on increasing weekly bowel movements (WBMs) in constipated children. METHODS Sixty-four children (3-17 years of age) were randomized to receive a synbiotic (n = 33) comprising mixed-chain length oligosaccharides and nine microbial strains, or placebo (n = 31) for 84 days. Stool microbiota was analyzed on samples collected at baseline and completion. The primary outcome was a change from baseline of WBMs in the treatment group compared to placebo. RESULTS Treatment increased (p < 0.05) the number of WBMs in children with low baseline WBMs, despite broadly distinctive baseline microbiome signatures. Sequencing revealed that low baseline microbial richness in the treatment group significantly anticipated improvements in constipation (p = 0.00074). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential for (i) multi-species-synbiotic interventions to improve digestive health in a pediatric population and (ii) bioinformatics-based methods to predict response to microbial interventions in children. IMPACT Synbiotic microbial treatment improved the number of spontaneous weekly bowel movements in children compared to placebo. Intervention induced an increased abundance of bifidobacteria in children, compared to placebo. All administered probiotic species were enriched in the gut microbiome of the intervention group compared to placebo. Baseline microbial richness demonstrated potential as a predictive biomarker for response to intervention.
Collapse
|
17
|
Impact of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics on Stool Output, Mortality, and Recovery in the Critically Ill. TOP CLIN NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Yue B, Zong G, Tao R, Wei Z, Lu Y. Crosstalk between traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides and the gut microbiota: A new perspective to understand traditional Chinese medicine. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4125-4138. [PMID: 36100366 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide is a kind of macromolecule polymer composed of monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), composed of various bioactive ingredients, is usually rich in polysaccharides. In recent years, extensive research on TCM polysaccharides has demonstrated their pharmacological effects. Polysaccharides can hardly be catabolized by enzymes encoded by the human genome but can be degraded to absorbable metabolites by bacteria inhabiting the colon. Hence, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in degrading TCM polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which exert physiological functions locally and systemically. Besides, TCM polysaccharides can also modulate the composition and activities of the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, ultimately restoring gut homeostasis and improving human health. In this review, we discuss the extraction and pharmacological effects of TCM polysaccharides, various functions of the gut microbiota, and the interactions between TCM polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, illuminating the mechanisms of TCM polysaccharides modulating host physiology via the gut microbiota. To firmly establish the clinical efficacy of TCM polysaccharides, further high-quality studies especially clinical trials are needed. Generally, discussion on the interplay between TCM polysaccharides and the gut microbiota is expected to elucidate their application prospects and inspire new thoughts in the development of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangfan Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruizhi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of inulin supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and clinical symptoms of women with obesity and depression on a calorie-restricted diet: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1897-1907. [PMID: 36059088 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200232x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as an inflammatory disorder. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, observed in both MDD and obesity, leads to endotoxemia and inflammatory status, eventually exacerbating depressive symptoms. Manipulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics might help alleviate depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of inulin supplementation on psychological outcomes and biomarkers of gut permeability, endotoxemia, inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in women with obesity and depression on a calorie-restricted diet. In a double-blind randomised clinical trial, forty-five women with obesity and MDD were allocated to receive 10 g/d of either inulin or maltodextrin for 8 weeks; all the patients followed a healthy calorie restricted diet as well. Anthropometric measures, dietary intakes, depression, and serum levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, toll-like receptor-4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and BDNF were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Weight and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores decreased in both groups; between-group differences were non-significant by the end of study (P = 0·333 for body weight and P = 0·500 for HDRS). No between-group differences were observed for the other psychological outcomes and serum biomarkers (P > 0·05). In this short-term study, prebiotic supplementation had no significant beneficial effects on depressive symptoms, gut permeability, or inflammatory biomarkers in women with obesity and depression.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu H, Ganguly S, Tollefsbol TO. Modulating Microbiota as a New Strategy for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091727. [PMID: 36144329 PMCID: PMC9503838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in the United States. There has been an increasing incidence and decreasing mortality rate of BC cases over the past several decades. Many risk factors are associated with BC, such as diet, aging, personal and family history, obesity, and some environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that healthy individuals and BC patients have different microbiota composition, indicating that microbiome is a new risk factor for BC. Gut and breast microbiota alterations are associated with BC prognosis. This review will evaluate altered microbiota populations in gut, breast tissue, and milk of BC patients, as well as mechanisms of interactions between microbiota modulation and BC. Probiotics and prebiotics are commercially available dietary supplements to alleviate side-effects of cancer therapies. They also shape the population of human gut microbiome. This review evaluates novel means of modulating microbiota by nutritional treatment with probiotics and prebiotics as emerging and promising strategies for prevention and treatment of BC. The mechanistic role of probiotic and prebiotics partially depend on alterations in estrogen metabolism, systematic immune regulation, and epigenetics regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebanti Ganguly
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- University Wide Microbiome Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4573; Fax: +1-205-975-6097
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Z, Yue Z, Liu E, Li X, Li C. Assessment of the bifidogenic and antibacterial activities of xylooligosaccharide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858949. [PMID: 36091239 PMCID: PMC9453197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) is an attractive prebiotic mainly due to its bifidogenic effect. However, commercial XOS with different compositions is often applied in the food industry at different doses without specifications. In this study, we evaluated the bifidogenic activity of XOS at different doses with either mixtures or pure fractions with different degrees of polymerization (DP), using three strains of Bifidobacterium spp., including B. breve ATCC 15700, B. bifidum ATCC 29521, and B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019. Three growth indicators showed strain-specific bifidogenic activity of XOS, and the activity was both dose- and fraction-dependent as only certain fractions stimulated significant growth. Adding 0.25% XOS (w/v) also promoted increase in total bifidobacterial population of rat fecal samples fermented in vitro. Albeit the antibacterial activity of XOS fractions can be demonstrated, significant growth inhibition can only be achieved when 4.0% XOS mixture was added in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 pure culture. In contrast, in the presence of B. lactis HN019, 1.0% XOS showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538 in milk. In addition, RNA sequencing suggested downregulation of genes involved in S. aureus ATCC 6538 infection, pathogenesis, and quorum sensing, by XOS. In conclusion, the report urges scientific specifications on XOS chemistry for its effective application as a novel food ingredient or functional food and provides novel insights into its bifidogenic and antibacterial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongke Sun,
| | - Zonghao Yue
- Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Erting Liu
- Henan Heagreen Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Zhoukou, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Henan Heagreen Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Zhoukou, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Chengwei Li,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen G, Shi F, Yin W, Guo Y, Liu A, Shuai J, Sun J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis: The potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916765. [PMID: 35966709 PMCID: PMC9372561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a high-risk psychiatric disorder and a key cause of death and disability in individuals. In the development of AUD, there is a connection known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, where alcohol use disrupts the gut barrier, resulting in changes in intestinal permeability as well as the gut microbiota composition, which in turn impairs brain function and worsens the patient’s mental status and gut activity. Potential mechanisms are explored by which alcohol alters gut and brain function through the effects of the gut microbiota and their metabolites on immune and inflammatory pathways. Alcohol and microbiota dysregulation regulating neurotransmitter release, including DA, 5-HT, and GABA, are also discussed. Thus, based on the above discussion, it is possible to speculate on the gut microbiota as an underlying target for the treatment of diseases associated with alcohol addiction. This review will focus more on how alcohol and gut microbiota affect the structure and function of the gut and brain, specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and some measures to mitigate the changes caused by alcohol exposure. This leads to a potential intervention for alcohol addiction through fecal microbiota transplantation, which could normalize the disruption of gut microbiota after AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Shi
- Department of Othopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Anru Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiacheng Shuai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anderson EM, Rozowsky JM, Fazzone BJ, Schmidt EA, Stevens BR, O’Malley KA, Scali ST, Berceli SA. Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:2785. [PMID: 35889742 PMCID: PMC9318361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term dietary restriction has been proposed as an intriguing pre-operative conditioning strategy designed to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve outcomes. However, it is unclear how this nutritional intervention influences the microbiome, which is known to modulate the systemic condition. Healthy individuals were recruited to participate in a four-day, 70% protein-restricted, 30% calorie-restricted diet, and stool samples were collected at baseline, after the restricted diet, and after resuming normal food intake. Taxonomy and functional pathway analysis was performed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, prevalence filtering, and differential abundance analysis. High prevalence species were altered by the dietary intervention but quickly returned to baseline after restarting a regular diet. Composition and functional changes after the restricted diet included the decreased relative abundance of commensal bacteria and a catabolic phenotype. Notable species changes included Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis, which are major butyrate producers within the colon and are characteristically decreased in many disease states. The macronutrient components of the diet might have influenced these changes. We conclude that short-term dietary restriction modulates the ecology of the gut microbiome, with this modulation being characterized by a relative dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jared M. Rozowsky
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian J. Fazzone
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emilie A. Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bruce R. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Kerri A. O’Malley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Salvatore T. Scali
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang JW, Tang X, Walton CJ, Brown MJ, Brewer RA, Maddela RL, Zheng JJ, Agus JK, Zivkovic AM. Multi-Omic Analyses Reveal Bifidogenic Effect and Metabolomic Shifts in Healthy Human Cohort Supplemented With a Prebiotic Dietary Fiber Blend. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908534. [PMID: 35782954 PMCID: PMC9248813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber, a nutrient derived mainly from whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, is known to confer a number of health benefits, yet most Americans consume less than half of the daily recommended amount. Convenience and affordability are key factors determining the ability of individuals to incorporate fiber-rich foods into their diet, and many Americans struggle to access, afford, and prepare foods rich in fiber. The objective of this clinical study was to test the changes in microbial community composition, human metabolomics, and general health markers of a convenient, easy to use prebiotic supplement in generally healthy young participants consuming a diet low in fiber. Twenty healthy adults participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study which was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03785860. During the study participants consumed 12 g of a prebiotic fiber supplement and 12 g of placebo daily as a powder mixed with water as part of their habitual diet in randomized order for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout between treatment arms. Fecal microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced by shallow shotgun sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq. Plasma metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with untargeted analysis. The phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium, and several Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. catenulatum, and B. longum) significantly increased after prebiotic supplementation when compared to the placebo. The abundance of genes associated with the utilization of the prebiotic fiber ingredients (sacA, xfp, xpk) and the production of acetate (poxB, ackA) significantly changed with prebiotic supplementation. Additionally, the abundance of genes associated with the prebiotic utilization (xfp, xpk), acetate production (ackA), and choline to betaine oxidation (gbsB) were significantly correlated with changes in the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium in the prebiotic group. Plasma concentrations of the bacterially produced metabolite indolepropionate significantly increased. The results of this study demonstrate that an easy to consume, low dose (12 g) of a prebiotic powder taken daily increases the abundance of beneficial bifidobacteria and the production of health-promoting bacteria-derived metabolites in healthy individuals with a habitual low-fiber diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woo Kang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Brown
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Jack Jingyuan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joanne K. Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Angela M. Zivkovic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morita A, Hara T, Joh T. Decomposition and effect as prebiotics of inulin in Jerusalem artichoke tubers during storage. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Morita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | | | - Toshio Joh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee GI, Skou Hedemann M, Borg Jensen B, Bach Knudsen KE. Influence of infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae on clinical expression, growth performance, and digestibility in growing pigs fed diets varying in type and level of fiber. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6543948. [PMID: 35255495 PMCID: PMC9109007 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the effects of different fiber types and levels on infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae on growth performance and nutrients digestibility in pigs is scarce. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of infection with B. hyodysenteriae when feeding diets varying in soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (DF) on the expression of swine dysentery, growth performance, and digestibility of organic matter (OM) nutrients. A total of 96 growing pigs (26.9 ± 2.5 kg) were used for the experiment and divided into six blocks. The growing pigs were fed one of four diets for 12 wk: low fiber (LF), high fiber (HF), high soluble fiber (HS), and high insoluble fiber (HI). After 2 wk, half of the pigs were inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae. Half of the pigs in each group were euthanized at week 6 for the measurement of the apparent digestibility at the ileum, cecum, colon, and total tract. The remaining pigs were maintained to observe and analyze the clinical expression of fecal score and excretion of B. hyodysenteriae, growth performance, and total tract digestibility up to 12 wk. In the current study, the experimental diets did not influence the expression of infection in the pigs. The body weight and average daily gain (ADG) were in line with the results of clinical expression from week 4 to 6. However, the ADG of the infected pigs started to recover from week 6 (P < 0.05) and then recovered from week 8 to 12 (P < 0.05). The infection with B. hyodysenteriae did not impair apparent ileal digestibility (AID; P > 0.05), whereas the apparent digestibility of OM, total non-starch polysaccharide, non-cellulosic polysaccharide, and cellulose in the cecum of the infected pigs was higher than non-infected pigs (P < 0.05). The apparent colonic digestibility of ash and nitrogen was higher in non-infected pigs than in infected pigs (P < 0.05). The pigs fed the LF diet had a higher digestibility in all segments of the intestinal tract, whereas the HS diet had the lowest AID but higher or similar to the LF diet in the cecum, colon, and the total tract (P < 0.05). The pigs fed the HF and HI diets, with a high proportion of insoluble fiber, had a lower digestibility in the hindgut than the other two diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the infection with B. hyodysenteriae negatively influenced clinical signs of swine dysentery and growth performance but did not impair AID, and neither soluble nor insoluble DF influenced the expression of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Il Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Borg Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodríguez-Sorrento A, Castillejos L, López-Colom P, Cifuentes-Orjuela G, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Martín-Orúe SM. Assessment of the Effects of the Synbiotic Combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Against Digestive Bacterial Infections in a Piglet Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831737. [PMID: 35350617 PMCID: PMC8957890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bifidobacteria as probiotics has proven to be beneficial in gastroenteric infections. Furthermore, prebiotics such as inulin can enhance the survival and growth of these bacteria. Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of the administration of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and oligofructose-enriched inulin against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4. A total of 72 (Salmonella trial) and 96 (ETEC F4 trial) weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 design (with or without synbiotic, inoculated or not with the pathogen). After adaptation, animals were orally inoculated. Performance and clinical signs were evaluated. On days 4 and 8 (Salmonella trial) and 3 and 7 (ETEC F4 trial) post-inoculation (PI), one animal per pen was euthanized. Blood, digestive content and tissue samples were collected and microbiological counts, fermentation products, serum inflammatory markers and ileum histomorphometry analysis were performed. Both challenges had an impact on faecal consistency (p < 0.001), including the faecal shedding of Salmonella and increased numbers of enterobacteria and coliforms. The synbiotic administration did not have any effect on pathogen loads but induced changes in the fermentation profile, such as increased valeric acid in both trials as well as decreased acetic acid, except for Salmonella-challenged animals. The effect on propionate varied among trials, increasing in challenged synbiotic-treated pigs and decreasing in non-challenged ones in the Salmonella trial (P interaction = 0.013), while the opposed occurred in the ETEC F4 trial (P interaction = 0.013). The administration of the synbiotic increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL; p = 0.039) on day 8 PI in the Salmonella trial and a similar trend occurred in non-challenged pigs in the ETEC F4 trial (P interaction = 0.086). The results did not provide evidence of reduced pathogen load with the synbiotic, although a modulation in fermentative activity could be identified depending on the challenge. Consistent increases were found in IEL, suggesting that this synbiotic combination has some immunomodulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i Dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i Dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paola López-Colom
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i Dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador (UAE), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Susana M Martín-Orúe
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i Dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tolonen AC, Beauchemin N, Bayne C, Li L, Tan J, Lee J, Meehan BM, Meisner J, Millet Y, LeBlanc G, Kottler R, Rapp E, Murphy C, Turnbaugh PJ, von Maltzahn G, Liu CM, van Hylckama Vlieg JET. Synthetic glycans control gut microbiome structure and mitigate colitis in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1244. [PMID: 35273143 PMCID: PMC8913648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative abundances of bacterial species in the gut microbiome have been linked to many diseases. Species of gut bacteria are ecologically differentiated by their abilities to metabolize different glycans, making glycan delivery a powerful way to alter the microbiome to promote health. Here, we study the properties and therapeutic potential of chemically diverse synthetic glycans (SGs). Fermentation of SGs by gut microbiome cultures results in compound-specific shifts in taxonomic and metabolite profiles not observed with reference glycans, including prebiotics. Model enteric pathogens grow poorly on most SGs, potentially increasing their safety for at-risk populations. SGs increase survival, reduce weight loss, and improve clinical scores in mouse models of colitis. Synthetic glycans are thus a promising modality to improve health through selective changes to the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Beauchemin
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Seres Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Lingyao Li
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jie Tan
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jackson Lee
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Brian M Meehan
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Pareto Bio, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | | | - Yves Millet
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chris Murphy
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Bacainn Therapeutics, Inc and Morningside BioPharma Advisory, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Geoffrey von Maltzahn
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher M Liu
- Kaleido Biosciences, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Exo Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu S, Fang Z, Ng K. Recent development in fabrication and evaluation of phenolic-dietary fiber composites for potential treatment of colonic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6860-6884. [PMID: 35225102 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics have been shown by in vitro and animal studies to have multiple pharmacological effects against various colonic diseases. However, their efficacy against colonic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer, is significantly compromised due to their chemical instability and susceptibility to modification along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) before reaching the colonic site. Dietary fibers are promising candidates that can form phenolic-dietary fiber composites (PDC) to carry phenolics to the colon, as they are natural polysaccharides that are non-digestible in the upper intestinal tract but can be partially or fully degradable by gut microbiota in the colon, triggering the release at this targeted site. In addition, soluble and fermentable dietary fibers confer additional health benefits as prebiotics when used in the PDC fabrication, and the possibility of synergistic relationship between phenolics and fibers in alleviating the disease conditions. The functionalities of PDC need to be characterized in terms of their particle characteristics, molecular interactions, release profiles in simulated digestion and colonic fermentation to fully understand the metabolic fate and health benefits. This review examines recent advancements regarding the approaches for fabrication, characterization, and evaluation of PDC in in vitro conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune System by Probiotics, Pre-biotics, and Post-biotics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:634897. [PMID: 35047537 PMCID: PMC8761849 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex microbial community, which interacts with the mucosal immune system closely. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining host health, which could supply various nutrients, regulate energy balance, modulate the immune response, and defence against pathogens. Therefore, maintaining a favourable equilibrium of gut microbiota through modulating bacteria composition, diversity, and their activity is beneficial to host health. Several studies have shown that probiotics and pre-biotics could directly and indirectly regulate microbiota and immune response. In addition, post-biotics, such as the bioactive metabolites, produced by gut microbiota, and/or cell-wall components released by probiotics, also have been shown to inhibit pathogen growth, maintain microbiota balance, and regulate an immune response. This review summarises the studies concerning the impact of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics on gut microbiota and immune systems and also describes the underlying mechanisms of beneficial effects of these substances. Finally, the future and challenges of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Illippangama AU, Jayasena DD, Jo C, Mudannayake DC. Inulin as a functional ingredient and their applications in meat products. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118706. [PMID: 34742431 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, a fructan-type non-digestible carbohydrate, is a natural functional dietary fiber found in selected plants including chicory, garlic, onion, leeks and asparagus. Due to increasing popularity of inulin and rising awareness toward its low calorie value and prebiotic related health implications, consumers are becoming more conscious on consuming inulin incorporated foods. In this review, the scientific studies published in recent years regarding potential applications of inulin in meat products; and their effects on physicochemical and sensory properties, and health implications are discussed. Meat based functional foods with inulin can lead to enhance digestive health by reducing the risk of diseases like constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Inulin can be an interesting prebiotic ingredient in healthier meat formulations, apart from being a fat replacer and dietary fiber enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh D Jayasena
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Aragão GF. Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:709-722. [PMID: 34966938 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. OBJECTIVE To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. DATA SOURCES Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. DATA ANALYSIS A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host's health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciana T Costa
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Quezia D J S Vasconcelos
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cox SR, Clarke H, O'Keeffe M, Dubois P, Irving PM, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:2041-2053. [PMID: 34216206 PMCID: PMC8684455 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Certain foods are reported as gut symptom triggers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and fructans are shown to worsen non-inflammatory symptoms in inactive IBD, which may result in self-imposed dietary restrictions. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient and FODMAP intakes, and the relationship between gut symptoms and dietary intake, in IBD. METHODS Nutrient, fibre, and FODMAP intakes were estimated using 7-day food records in patients with active IBD [Active IBD], inactive IBD with non-inflammatory gut symptoms [Inactive IBD-GI], inactive IBD without gut symptoms [Inactive IBD], and healthy controls. Nutrient intakes, numbers of participants achieving national recommendations, and food-related quality of life [FR-QoL] were compared across study groups. RESULTS Food diaries were obtained from 232 patients with IBD [65 Active IBD, 86 Inactive IBD-GI, 81 Inactive IBD] and 84 healthy controls. Patients with Active IBD had significantly lower intakes of numerous micronutrients, including iron, folate, and vitamin C, compared with controls. All IBD groups consumed less total fibre [4.5 to 5.8 g/day] than controls [p = 0.001], and total FODMAP and fructan intakes were lower in Active IBD compared with controls. Strikingly, FR-QoL was significantly lower in all IBD groups compared with controls [all p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed lower intakes of fibre, FODMAPs, and micronutrients, in addition to poorer FR-QoL, in Active IBD and Inactive IBD-GI with gut symptoms compared with healthy controls. Future research should address dietary restrictions responsible for these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina R Cox
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hazel Clarke
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Majella O'Keeffe
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Patrick Dubois
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital , London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Engevik MA, Herrmann B, Ruan W, Engevik AC, Engevik KA, Ihekweazu F, Shi Z, Luck B, Chang-Graham AL, Esparza M, Venable S, Horvath TD, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Haag AM, Schady DA, Hyser JM, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Bifidobacterium dentium-derived y-glutamylcysteine suppresses ER-mediated goblet cell stress and reduces TNBS-driven colonic inflammation. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-21. [PMID: 33985416 PMCID: PMC8128206 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress compromises the secretion of MUC2 from goblet cells and has been linked with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although Bifidobacterium can beneficially modulate mucin production, little work has been done investigating the effects of Bifidobacterium on goblet cell ER stress. We hypothesized that secreted factors from Bifidobacterium dentium downregulate ER stress genes and modulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to promote MUC2 secretion. We identified by mass spectrometry that B. dentium secretes the antioxidant γ-glutamylcysteine, which we speculate dampens ER stress-mediated ROS and minimizes ER stress phenotypes. B. dentium cell-free supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were taken up by human colonic T84 cells, increased glutathione levels, and reduced ROS generated by the ER-stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Moreover, B. dentium supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were able to suppress NF-kB activation and IL-8 secretion. We found that B. dentium supernatant, γ-glutamylcysteine, and the positive control IL-10 attenuated the induction of UPR genes GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1. To examine ER stress in vivo, we first examined mono-association of B. dentium in germ-free mice which increased MUC2 and IL-10 levels compared to germ-free controls. However, no changes were observed in ER stress-related genes, indicating that B. dentium can promote mucus secretion without inducing ER stress. In a TNBS-mediated ER stress model, we observed increased levels of UPR genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in TNBS treated mice, which were reduced with addition of live B. dentium or γ-glutamylcysteine. We also observed increased colonic and serum levels of IL-10 in B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated mice compared to vehicle control. Immunostaining revealed retention of goblet cells and mucus secretion in both B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated animals. Collectively, these data demonstrate positive modulation of the UPR and MUC2 production by B. dentium-secreted compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,CONTACT Melinda A. Engevik Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Kristen A. Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faith Ihekweazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley Luck
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Magdalena Esparza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D. Horvath
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sigmund J. Haidacher
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hoch
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony M. Haag
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah A. Schady
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
An R, Wilms E, Logtenberg MJ, van Trijp MPH, Schols HA, Masclee AAM, Smidt H, Jonkers DMAE, Zoetendal EG. In vitro metabolic capacity of carbohydrate degradation by intestinal microbiota of adults and pre-frail elderly. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:61. [PMID: 36750618 PMCID: PMC9723549 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally increased life expectancy strongly triggered interest to delay the onset of frailty, which has been associated with alterations in compositional and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota. In the current study, we used an in vitro batch incubation model to compare the metabolic capacity of the faecal microbiota of adults (n = 6) versus pre-frail elderly (n = 6) to degrade various glycosidic carbohydrates, including galacto-oligosaccharides, 2'-fucosyllactose, chicory fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin, and isomalto/malto-polysaccharides. The in vitro metabolic capacity was also compared with an in vivo GOS intervention study based on the same subjects. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolites revealed distinct portions of variation in overall microbiota and metabolite composition during incubation being explained by individuality of the subjects and carbon source. In addition, the age group of the subjects also had significant impact on microbiota variation, carbohydrate degradation and metabolite production. This was accompanied by elevated increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the microbiota of adults compared to that of pre-frail elderly and significantly decreased effectiveness to degrade galacto-oligosaccharides by the latter group. Altogether, the carbohydrate degradation in elderly was different compared to adults, with some carbohydrates showing decreased degradation rates. Longer interventions periods may be required to enhance bifidobacterial abundance in the microbiota of pre-frail elderly and thereby to obtain associated prebiotic health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon J Logtenberg
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mara P H van Trijp
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ozcan T, Eroglu E. Effect of stevia and inulin interactions on fermentation profile and short‐chain fatty acid production of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
in milk and
in vitro
systems. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Ozcan
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Food Engineering Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eroglu
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Food Engineering Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Bursa 16059 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahluwalia B, Magnusson MK, Böhn L, Störsrud S, Larsson F, Öhman L, Simrén M. Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract improves symptoms in IBS patients with diarrhoea: post hoc analysis of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211048133. [PMID: 34646359 PMCID: PMC8504273 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211048133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) extract was found to be well-tolerated, safe and showed beneficial effects in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients in two randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. However, the individual studies were underpowered to perform subgroup analyses. We therefore determined the effect of Aloe extract in IBS subgroups in a post hoc analysis combining the results from the two studies. METHODS Data from the two controlled studies comparing Aloe and control treatment taken orally for 4 weeks, were pooled. Both studies included IBS patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria and IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was assessed. We analysed the effect of Aloe extract on IBS symptom severity and the proportion of responders (IBS-SSS reduction ⩾ 50) in IBS subgroups. RESULTS In total, 213 IBS patients were included in the post hoc subgroup analyses. A reduction in overall symptom severity, primarily driven by effect on pain severity and frequency, comparing baseline versus end of treatment, was recorded in IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) receiving Aloe (n = 38, p < 0.001) but not control treatment (n = 33, p = 0.33), with difference between the treatment groups (p = 0.01). Moreover, the frequency of responders was higher in IBS-D patients receiving Aloe (n = 22, 58%) compared to control treatment (n = 10, 30%) (p = 0.02). The effect of Aloe extract treatment on IBS symptom severity was not superior to control treatment in the other IBS subtypes. CONCLUSION Aloe extract improves symptom severity in IBS-D patients and can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment option for this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Böhn
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stine Störsrud
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Larsson
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal & Motility Disorders, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bandyopadhyay B, Mitra PK, Mandal V, Mandal NC. Novel fructooligosaccharides of Dioscorea alata L. tuber have prebiotic potentialities. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Yu M, Arıoğlu-Tuncil S, Xie Z, Fu X, Huang Q, Chen T, Zhang B. In vitro fecal fermentation profiles and microbiota responses of pulse cell wall polysaccharides: enterotype effect. Food Funct 2021; 12:8376-8385. [PMID: 34346458 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota community of individuals is predominated by diverse fiber-utilizing bacteria, and might have distinct fermentation outcomes for a given dietary substrate. In this research, we isolated pea cell walls (PCWs) from cotyledon seeds, and performed the in vitro fecal fermentation by individual Prevotella- and Bacteroides-enterotype inocula. The Prevotella-enterotype inoculum showed a higher fermentation rate and produced more short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, throughout the entire fermentation period from PCW degradation compared with the Bacteroides-enterotype one. Furthermore, the better monosaccharide utilization capacity of Prevotella-enterotype inoculum was shown, compared to the Bacteroides-enterotype inoculum. PCW fermentation with Prevotella- and Bacteroides-enterotype inocula resulted in different microbial changes, and the abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroides was promoted, respectively. These results may contribute to predicting the responses of Prevotella and Bacteroides enterotypes to diets and offer useful information in personalized nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Seda Arıoğlu-Tuncil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, 42090, Turkey
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, McMillan RP, Hughes MD, Hulver MW, Neilson AP, Davy KP. Prebiotic Inulin Supplementation and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in adults at Elevated Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093235. [PMID: 34579112 PMCID: PMC8471706 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes affects 84.1 million adults, and many will progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this proof-of-concept trial was to determine the efficacy of inulin supplementation to improve glucose metabolism and reduce T2D risk. Adults (n = 24; BMI: 31.3 ± 2.9 kg/m2; age: 54.4 ± 8.3 years) at risk for T2D were enrolled in this controlled feeding trial and consumed either inulin (10 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin, 10 g/day) for six weeks. Assessments included peripheral insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, and insulin, HOMA-IR, in vivo skeletal muscle substrate preference, Bifidobacteria copy number, intestinal permeability, and endotoxin concentrations. Participant retention was 92%. There were no baseline group differences except for fasting insulin (p = 0.003). The magnitude of reduction in fasting insulin concentrations with inulin (p = 0.003, inulin = Δ-2.9, placebo = Δ2.3) was attenuated after adjustment for baseline concentrations (p = 0.04). After adjusting for baseline values, reduction in HOMA-IR with inulin (inulin = Δ-0.40, placebo=Δ0.27; p = 0.004) remained significant. Bifidobacteria 16s increased (p = 0.04; inulin = Δ3.1e9, placebo = Δ-8.9e8) with inulin supplementation. Despite increases in gut Bifidobacteria, inulin supplementation did not improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. These findings question the need for larger investigations of inulin and insulin sensitivity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M. Mitchell
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.M.); (B.M.D.); (R.P.M.); (M.W.H.)
- Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Brenda M. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.M.); (B.M.D.); (R.P.M.); (M.W.H.)
- Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Monica A. Ponder
- Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Ryan P. McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.M.); (B.M.D.); (R.P.M.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Michael D. Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.M.); (B.M.D.); (R.P.M.); (M.W.H.)
- Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Kevin P. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.M.); (B.M.D.); (R.P.M.); (M.W.H.)
- Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Rawi M, Abdullah A, Ismail A, Sarbini SR. Manipulation of Gut Microbiota Using Acacia Gum Polysaccharide. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17782-17797. [PMID: 34308014 PMCID: PMC8296006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Acacia gum (AG) is a branched-polysaccharide gummy exudate that consists of arabinose and galactose. The traditional practice in African-Middle Eastern countries uses this gum as medicine. Traditional use of AG is to treat stomach disease, which can be a potential functional food. In this research, commercially available AG from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal was investigated as the prebiotic. The experiment employed a pH-controlled in vitro colon model inoculated with human fecal microbiota to mimic the human colon. Fermentation samples at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h were brought for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and bacterial enumeration via fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results showed that AG significantly promotes Bifidobacteria proliferation similar to fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) while inhibiting the Clostridium histolyticum group, commonly associated with gut dysbiosis. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed a similar trend to FOS (p > 0.05). The AG shows potential against gut dysbiosis, as it promotes gut-probiotics, through modulation of microbial population and SCFA production, especially butyrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad
Hanif Rawi
- Faculty
of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
| | - Aminah Abdullah
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Faculty
of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
- Halal
Products Research Institute, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Putra
Infoport, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kerezoudi EN, Mitsou EK, Gioti K, Terzi E, Avgousti I, Panagiotou A, Koutrotsios G, Zervakis GI, Mountzouris KC, Tenta R, Kyriacou A. Fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms and their extracts by the gut microbiota of healthy and osteopenic women: potential prebiotic effect and impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts. Food Funct 2021; 12:1529-1546. [PMID: 33521800 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota and its several metabolites in maintaining bone health. Thus, gut microbiota manipulation, e.g., by prebiotics, might offer a plausible target in the fight against bone degenerative diseases. This study aimed (a) to investigate the in vitro prebiotic potential of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms in healthy and osteopenic women and (b) to explore the impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts. G. lucidum LGAM 9720 and P. ostreatus IK 1123 lyophilized mushroom-powders (2% w/v) and their hot-water extracts (1% w/v) were fermented in a 24 h static batch culture model by using faecal inocula from healthy (n = 3) or osteopenic (n = 3) donors. Gut microbiota analysis (qPCR) and measurement of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed during fermentation, and 24 h-prebiotic indexes were calculated. Evaluation of the effects of fermentation products on bone metabolism parameters (OPG: osteoprotegerin; and RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) in osteoblast cultures was also performed. Our data suggest that the origin of the gut microbiota inoculum plays a major role in the viability of osteoblasts. The treatments using P. ostreatus mushroom-powder and G. lucidum mushroom-extract had positive effects based on gut microbiota and SCFA analyses. Both mushrooms exhibited lower RANKL levels compared to controls, whereas their extracts tended to enhance the osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, mushrooms that are rich in beta-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects on bone physiology by alterations in the gut microbiota and/or SCFA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evdokia K Mitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina Gioti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eirini Terzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ifigeneia Avgousti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Georgios Koutrotsios
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bandyopadhyay B, Mandal V, Mandal NC. Partial characterization of novel inulin-like prebiotic fructooligosaccharides of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) tuberous roots. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13764. [PMID: 33997995 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fruits and aerial parts of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) are a popular cook vegetable being used in different parts of the world with ethnomedicinal and pharmacological values. However, the beneficial health attributes of the tuberous roots have been less exploited. The present study aimed to determine the prebiotic potentiality of the storage carbohydrates from this part. The carbohydrate fractions were harvested by hot-water, cold-water, hot-acid, hot-alkali, and hot 80% ethanol treatments following the standard protocol. The fractions were tested for in vitro prebiotic efficacy, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant potentials, and in vivo health attributes in Swiss albino mice. The partial characterization was performed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and spectroscopic analyses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The highest prebiotic index was observed in hot-water and ethanol (Et-OH) fractions with the antioxidant IC50 values of 35.46 ± 0.33 and 32.56 ± 0.48 µg/ml, respectively. The HPTLC, FT-IR, and ESI-MS analyses showed that the hot-water and Et-OH carbohydrate fractions are rich in low-degree polymerizing inulin-like fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The fractions had a significant prebiotic index, hypocholesterolemic, and antioxidant activities. The synbiotic combination of the fractions with the probiotic LAB improved gut colonization and gut immune enhancement with significantly lowered triglycerides, serum LDL, and serum VLDL cholesterols. A significantly enhanced HDL cholesterol level proves its health beneficial attributes comparable to the commercial inulin prebiotics. Thus, this plant's novel inulin-like FOS may substitute the high-cost commercial prebiotics for our daily life. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Prebiotics are low-degree polymerizing oligosaccharide food ingredients having multifaceted health benefits. For this reason, there is an ever-increasing global demand for such novel prebiotics. Therefore, finding out some novel prebiotic from conventional food sources may provide an alternative dietary source to fulfill the consumer demand. Sechium edule is a famous cook vegetable used by many ethnic communities across the globe. For the first time, the study revealed novel inulin-like fructooligosaccharides in the tuberous roots having hypocholesterolemic and synbiotic efficacy with GRAS lactic acid bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Bandyopadhyay
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Siksha Bhavan, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.,Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Vivekananda Mandal
- Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| | - Narayan C Mandal
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Siksha Bhavan, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ninchan B, Noidee C. Production and prebiotic properties of oligofructans from sugarcane juice fermentation by Bacillus subtilis TISTR 001. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:213. [PMID: 33928001 PMCID: PMC8039079 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligofructans are potential biological substances that due to their distinctive properties have a positive health-promoting effect. This research aimed to produce oligofructans using sugarcane juice fermentation with Bacillus subtilis TISTR 001 and to study the prebiotic properties in vitro. The results showed that the maximum total oligofructans in the form of free fructose was 2.57% (w/v) at the 84th hour of fermentation with 0.17 g/g reducing sugar and a production yield of 0.031 g/L/h and maximum levansucrase activity of 1.57 × 106 U/mL at that time. The oligofructans contained in the fermented juice had potential functional ingredients that exhibited prebiotic properties that could resist the digestion of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract under in vitro conditions with digestion of only 6.92%. In addition, the fermented juice promoted the growth of prebiotics, especially Bifidobacterium bifidum TISTR 2129 and inhibited the growth of pathogens using both single culturing and co-culturing with probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boontiwa Ninchan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Chanyanuch Noidee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Protocol for a pilot single-centre, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial of dietary inulin to improve gut health in solid organ transplantation: the DIGEST study. BMJ Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8039234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, however the requirement for indefinite immunosuppression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and infection, leading to a reduction in long-term patient and graft survival. The gut microbiome is a critical determinant of health and modulates host immunity and metabolism through a number of recognised pathways, including through the production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Dietary supplementation with non-digestible fibre can augment the microbial production of SCFA and lead to favourable immune and metabolic outcomes, although this has yet to be shown in human kidney transplant recipients. Methods and analysis Dietary inulin for gut health in solid-organ transplantation (DIGEST) is a single-centre, unblinded, pilot parallel-arm randomised controlled trial designed to assess the feasibility and adherence of dietary inulin, a naturally occurring dietary fibre, in the early post-transplant period in kidney transplant recipients. Participants will be randomised at day 28 post-transplant to a 4-week period of dietary inulin (10–20 g/day) in addition to standard care, or standard care alone, and followed-up until week 12 post-transplant. The primary outcomes of the study are: (i) the feasibility of participant recruitment, randomisation and retention; (ii) adherence to the intervention (inulin) and (iii) the tolerability of inulin determined by changes in gastrointestinal symptoms as scored on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes include: (1) glycaemic variability determined by continuous glucose monitoring; (2) abundance of SCFA-producing microbiota, as determined by 16s rRNA sequencing of the faecal metagenome; (3) serum SCFA concentrations; (4) peripheral blood immune cell populations; (5) recipient inflammatory and metabolic profiles and (6) the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection and kidney function determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Ethics and dissemination All study visits, clinical and laboratory assessments will be integrated into usual post-transplant care, creating no additional healthcare encounters or procedures. The risks associated with this study are minor. Inulin has been shown to be well tolerated across a variety of cohorts, with the occurrence of short-term adverse gastrointestinal symptoms self-limiting. However, with gastrointestinal adverse events common following kidney transplantation, the tolerability of inulin in this cohort remains unknown. The results of DIGEST will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences. This study has been approved by the Sydney Local Health District’s Ethics Committee (Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Zone). Trial registration number ACTRN12620000623998.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yao T, Chen MH, Lindemann SR. Structurally complex carbohydrates maintain diversity in gut-derived microbial consortia under high dilution pressure. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5894914. [PMID: 32815998 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers are major substrates for maintaining and shaping gut microbiota, but the structural specificity of these fibers for the diversity, structure and function of gut microbiota are poorly understood. Here, we employed an in vitro sequential batch fecal culture approach to address two ecological questions: (i) whether the chemical complexity of a carbohydrate influences its ability to maintain microbial diversity against high dilution pressure (ii) whether substrate structuring or obligate microbe-microbe metabolic interactions (e.g. exchange of amino acids or vitamins) exert more influence on maintained diversity. Sorghum arabinoxylan (SAX, a complex polysaccharide), inulin (a low-complexity oligosaccharide) and their corresponding monosaccharide controls were selected as model carbohydrates. Our results demonstrate that complex carbohydrates stably sustain diverse microbial consortia. Furthermore, other metabolic interactions were less influential in structuring microbial consortia consuming SAX than inulin. Finally, very similar final consortia were enriched on SAX from the same individual's fecal microbiota one month later, suggesting that polysaccharide structure is more influential than stochastic alterations in microbiome composition in governing the outcomes of sequential batch cultivation experiments. These data suggest that carbohydrate structural complexity affords independent niches that structure fermenting microbial consortia, whereas other metabolic interactions govern the composition of communities fermenting simpler carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Yao
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ming-Hsu Chen
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Immune status, well-being and gut microbiota in military supplemented with synbiotic ice cream and submitted to field training: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1794-1808. [PMID: 33593462 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous physical activity, sleep deprivation and psychological stress are common features of military field training. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a synbiotic ice cream on salivary IgA, gastrointestinal symptoms, well-being indicators and gut microbiota in young military participants undergoing field training. Sixty-five military completed the study: one group was supplemented for 30 d with synbiotic ice cream containing: 2·1 × 108 CFU/g for Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and 2·7 × 109 CFU/g for Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 and 2·3 g of inulin in the 60 g of ice cream at manufacture, and the other with a placebo ice cream. Volunteers were evaluated at pre-supplementation (baseline), post-supplementation and after a 5-d military training. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera were measured in stool samples and both showed a higher differential abundance post-supplementation and training. Salivary IgA and gastrointestinal symptoms decreased at post-training in both groups (P < 0·05; main effect of time); however, supplementation with synbiotic did not mitigate this effect. Tenseness and sleepiness were decreased in the synbiotic-treated group, but not in the placebo group at post-military training (P = 0·01 and 0·009, respectively; group × time effect). The other well-being indicators were not affected by the synbiotic supplementation. In conclusion, 30 d of synbiotic ice cream supplementation containing inulin, L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis BB-12 favourably modulated gut microbiota and improved tenseness and sleepiness in healthy young military undergoing a 5-d field training. These improvements may be relevant to this population as they may influence the decision-making process in an environment of high physical and psychological stress.
Collapse
|
49
|
Watanabe S, Kameoka S, Shinozaki NO, Kubo R, Nishida A, Kuriyama M, Takeda AK. A cross-sectional analysis from the Mykinso Cohort Study: establishing reference ranges for Japanese gut microbial indices. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:123-134. [PMID: 33996369 PMCID: PMC8099632 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for gut microbial indices by collecting real-world Japanese microbiome data from a Mykinso cohort. Although several large cohort studies have focused on the human gut microbiome, large cohort studies of the gut microbiome from Japanese populations are scarce, especially from healthy or non-diseased individuals. We collected stool samples and original survey lifestyle information from 5,843 Japanese individuals through the Mykinso gut microbiome testing service. From the obtained 16S rRNA sequence data derived from stool samples, the ratio and distribution of each taxon were analyzed. The relationship between different epidemiological attributes and gut microbial indicators were statistically analyzed. The qualitative and quantitative indicators of these common gut microbiota were confirmed to be strongly correlated with age, sex, constipation/diarrhea, and history of lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, we set up a healthy sub-cohort that controlled for these attribute factors and defined reference ranges from the distribution of gut microbial index in that population. Taken together, these results show that the gut microbiota of Japanese people had high beta-diversity, with no single "typical" gut microbiota type. We believe that the reference ranges for the gut microbial indices obtained in this study can be new reference values for determining the balance and health of the gut microbiota of an individual. In the future, it is necessary to clarify the clinical validity of these reference values by comparing them with a clinical disease cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryuichi Kubo
- Cykinso, Inc., 1-36-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nishida
- Cykinso, Inc., 1-36-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, 1-104 Totsuka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.,School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Minoru Kuriyama
- Cykinso, Inc., 1-36-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Aya K Takeda
- Cykinso, Inc., 1-36-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
A pilot study to assess the effect of a fibre and mineral formulation on satiety and satiation when taken as part of a calorie restriction diet in overweight and obese women. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|