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Weng W, Hsieh Y, Lin C, Liu Y, Su S, Wang S, Yang S. Functional variants of the pentraxin 3 gene are associated with the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70041. [PMID: 39187920 PMCID: PMC11347125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age, ethnic background and genetic components have been identified as the established risks for prostate cancer (PCa). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), originally identified as a pattern-recognition molecule for defence against infectious agents, has multiple functions in tissue repair and in the regulation of cancer-associated inflammation. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of PTX3 gene variants on the development of PCa. Genotypes of four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTX3 gene, including rs1840680, rs2305619, rs3816527 and rs2120243, were profiled among 705 PCa patients and 705 ethnicity-matched controls. In this study, we found that patients who carry at least one minor allele (C) of rs3816527 (AC and CC) tended to develop advanced forms of diseases (clinical large T stage, OR, 1.593, p = 0.032; pathologically-confirmed nodal spread, OR, 1.987, p = 0.011; metastatic tumour, OR, 3.896, p = 0.032) as compared with those homologous for the major allele (AA). Further stratification analysis showed that such association of rs3816527 with lymphatic and distal metastasis of PCa was accentuated in the younger age group (≤65 at diagnosis) but not seen in the older age group (>65 at diagnosis), suggesting an age-specific effect of PTX3 variants. Prediction of PTX3 protein structure implied that polymorphism may alter the quaternary organization and oligomerization of PTX3 protein. Moreover, our gene silencing experiments and survey of public datasets revealed that elevation of PTX3 levels in PCa was required for cell migration and associated with tumour metastasis. Our results highlight an association of PTX3 rs3816527 with the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chun Weng
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTungs' Taichung Metroharbor HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yen Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Chi Su
- Whole‐Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human DiseasesChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Shian‐Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chi Nan UniversityNantouTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Fa Yang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Zabihollahy F, Miao Q, Naim S, Sonni I, Vangala S, Kim H, Hsu W, Sisk A, Reiter R, Raman SS, Sung K. Investigating MRI-Associated Biological Aspects of Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer for African American and White Men. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38751322 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the characteristics of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in patients from different racial/ethnic backgrounds is important for reducing the observed gaps in clinical outcomes. PURPOSE To investigate the diagnostic performance of mpMRI and quantitative MRI parameters of prostate cancer (PCa) in African American (AA) and matched White (W) men. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS One hundred twenty-nine patients (43 AA, 86 W) with histologically proven PCa who underwent mpMRI before radical prostatectomy. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T, T2-weighted turbo spin echo imaging, a single-shot spin-echo EPI sequence diffusion-weighted imaging, and a gradient echo sequence dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with an ultrafast 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The diagnostic performance of mpMRI in AA and W men was assessed using detection rates (DRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) in zones defined by the PI-RADS v2.1 prostate sector map. Quantitative MRI parameters, including Ktrans and ve of clinically significant (cs) PCa (Gleason score ≥ 7) tumors were compared between AA and W sub-cohorts after matching age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume. STATISTICAL TESTS Weighted Pearson's chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests with a statistically significant level of 0.05 were used to examine differences in DR and PPV and to compare parameters between AA and matched W men, respectively. RESULTS A total number of 264 PCa lesions were identified in the study cohort. The PPVs in the peripheral zone (PZ) and posterior prostate of mpMRI for csPCa lesions were significantly higher in AA men than in matched W men (87.8% vs. 68.1% in PZ, and 89.3% vs. 69.6% in posterior prostate). The Ktrans of index csPCa lesions in AA men was significantly higher than in W men (0.25 ± 0.12 vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 min-1; P < 0.01). DATA CONCLUSION This study demonstrated race-related differences in the diagnostic performances and quantitative MRI measures of csPCa that were not reflected in age, PSA, and prostate volume. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zabihollahy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sohaib Naim
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ida Sonni
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William Hsu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony Sisk
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven S Raman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyunghyun Sung
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sun X, Ping J, Guo X, Long J, Cai Q, Shu XO, Shu X. Drug-target Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association of genetically proxied metformin effects with increased prostate cancer risk. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:849-858. [PMID: 38517045 PMCID: PMC11014764 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer remains controversial, while data from randomized trials is lacking. We aim to evaluate the association of genetically proxied metformin effects with prostate cancer risk using a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics for prostate cancer were obtained from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome Consortium (79,148 cases and 61,106 controls). Cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) variants in the gene targets of metformin were identified in the GTEx project and eQTLGen consortium. We also obtained male-specific genome-wide association study data for type 2 diabetes, body mass index (BMI), total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin for mediation analysis. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO were performed in the main MR analysis. Multivariable MR was used to identify potential mediators and genetic colocalization analysis was performed to assess any shared genetic basis between two traits of interest. We found that genetically proxied metformin effects (1-SD HbA1c reduction, equivalent to 6.75 mmol/mol) were associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (odds ratioIVW [ORIVW]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.23-1.96, p = 3.0 × 10-3). Two metformin targets, mitochondrial complex I (ORIVW: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.03, p = 0.016) and gamma-secretase complex (ORIVW: 2.58, 95%CI :1.47-4.55, p = 0.001), showed robust associations with prostate cancer risk, and their effects were partly mediated through BMI (16.4%) and total testosterone levels (34.3%), respectively. These results were further supported by colocalization analysis that expressions of NDUFA13 and BMI, APH1A, and total testosterone may be influenced by shared genetic factors, respectively. In summary, our study indicated that genetically proxied metformin effects may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Repurposing metformin for prostate cancer prevention in general populations is not supported by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wang X, Gopalsamy K, Clavier G, Maurin G, Ding B, Tissot A, Serre C. Lanthanide MOF-based luminescent sensor arrays for the detection of castration-resistant prostate cancer curing drugs and biomarkers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6488-6499. [PMID: 38699260 PMCID: PMC11062119 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has profoundly impacted the lives of many men, and early diagnosis of medication and illness is crucial. Therefore, a highly efficient detection method for CRPC biomarkers and curing drugs is required. However, the complex and diverse structures of CRPC drugs pose significant challenges for their detection and differentiation. Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) show great potential for sensing applications due to their intense and characteristic luminescence. In this work, a series of new bimetallic Ln-MOFs (EuxTb1-x-MOF) based luminescent sensor arrays have been developed to identify CRPC drugs, including in mixtures, via principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods. These Ln-MOFs are built with a highly conjugated H2L linker (H2L = 5-(4-(triazole-1-yl)phenyl)isophthalic acid) and exhibit robust strong luminescence emissions (mainly located at 543 and 614 nm) and high energy transfer efficiencies. More specifically, Eu0.096Tb0.904-MOF (MOF 3) has demonstrated good sensing performances for CRPC curing drugs in real human serum samples. Furthermore, the curing drug hydroxyflutamide has been combined with MOF 3, to construct a robust composite sensing platform MOF 3@hydroxyflutamide for highly efficient detection of CRPC biomarkers such as the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Finally, luminescence lifetime measurements, zeta potential measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to gain insights into the sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Bin Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University 393 Binshui West Road Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
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Singh Z, Holt SK, Gore JL, Nyame YA, Wright JL, Schade GR. Chronic Glucocorticoid Use and Risk for Advanced Prostate Cancer at Presentation: A SEER-Medicare Cohort Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:68-73.e2. [PMID: 37806926 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examine the relationship between exposure to systemic glucocorticoids (steroids) and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) at presentation. Prior work suggested that steroid use may be associated with increased PCa risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried the linked SEER-Medicare database (2004-2015) to identify PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa. Criteria for screening included a PSA lab test or DRE exam in both the 12 month and 13 to 36 month periods prior to diagnosis of PCa. Steroid exposure was determined using Medicare Part D and groups were divided based on duration of use in the 3 years prior to diagnosis: controls with no exposure, <30 days, 30 days - 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and >2+ years. Advanced PCa was defined as systemic metastases or regional lymph node metastasis at presentation. Risk estimates for advanced PCa at presentation for steroid exposure groups vs. controls were assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 22,920 PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa of which 29% used glucocorticoids in the exposure period. The mean (SD) duration for glucocorticoid use (in days) among all steroid users was 76.7 days (192.1). On univariable and multivariable analyses, > 2 years of steroid exposure was associated with significantly increased risk for advanced PCa (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.35-3.14 and OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.12-2.69, respectively). CONCLUSION In this population-based PSA-screened cohort, prolonged steroid use was associated with increased risk of advanced PCa at diagnosis. With the widespread use of glucocorticoids, it is important to consider the role steroids may play in PCa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar Singh
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Smith Institute for Urology at Northwell Health of the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Sarah K Holt
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - George R Schade
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
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6
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Shah Y, Kulm S, Nauseef JT, Chen Z, Elemento O, Kensler KH, Sharaf RN. Benchmarking multi-ancestry prostate cancer polygenic risk scores in a real-world cohort. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011990. [PMID: 38598551 PMCID: PMC11034641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heritable disease with ancestry-biased incidence and mortality. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) offer promising advancements in predicting disease risk, including prostate cancer. While their accuracy continues to improve, research aimed at enhancing their effectiveness within African and Asian populations remains key for equitable use. Recent algorithmic developments for PRS derivation have resulted in improved pan-ancestral risk prediction for several diseases. In this study, we benchmark the predictive power of six widely used PRS derivation algorithms, including four of which adjust for ancestry, against prostate cancer cases and controls from the UK Biobank and All of Us cohorts. We find modest improvement in discriminatory ability when compared with a simple method that prioritizes variants, clumping, and published polygenic risk scores. Our findings underscore the importance of improving upon risk prediction algorithms and the sampling of diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajas Shah
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Kulm
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Jones T. Nauseef
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine—Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin H. Kensler
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ravi N. Sharaf
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine–Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
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7
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Li S, Cai S, Huang J, Li Z, Shi Z, Zhang K, Jiao J, Li W, Pan Y. Develop prediction model to help forecast advanced prostate cancer patients' prognosis after surgery using neural network. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1293953. [PMID: 38577575 PMCID: PMC10991752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1293953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of surgery on advanced prostate cancer (PC) is unclear and predictive model for postoperative survival is lacking yet. Methods We investigate the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, to collect clinical features of advanced PC patients. According to clinical experience, age, race, grade, pathology, T, N, M, stage, size, regional nodes positive, regional nodes examined, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, history of malignancy, clinical Gleason score (composed of needle core biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate specimens), pathological Gleason score (composed of prostatectomy specimens) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are the potential predictive variables. All samples are divided into train cohort (70% of total, for model training) and test cohort (30% of total, for model validation) by random sampling. We then develop neural network to predict advanced PC patients' overall. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is used to evaluate model's performance. Results 6380 patients, diagnosed with advanced (stage III-IV) prostate cancer and receiving surgery, have been included. The model using all collected clinical features as predictors and based on neural network algorithm performs best, which scores 0.7058 AUC (95% CIs, 0.7021-0.7068) in train cohort and 0.6925 AUC (95% CIs, 0.6906-0.6956) in test cohort. We then package it into a Windows 64-bit software. Conclusion Patients with advanced prostate cancer may benefit from surgery. In order to forecast their overall survival, we first build a clinical features-based prognostic model. This model is accuracy and may offer some reference on clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Cai
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Dermatology Department, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- Urinary Surgery Department, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Shi
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Hamza GM, Raghunathan R, Ashenden S, Zhang B, Miele E, Jarnuczak AF. Proteomics of prostate cancer serum and plasma using low and high throughput approaches. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38475692 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite progress, MS-based proteomics in biofluids, especially blood, faces challenges such as dynamic range and throughput limitations in biomarker and disease studies. In this work, we used cutting-edge proteomics technologies to construct label-based and label-free workflows, capable of quantifying approximately 2,000 proteins in biofluids. With 70µL of blood and a single depletion strategy, we conducted an analysis of a homogenous cohort (n = 32), comparing medium-grade prostate cancer patients (Gleason score: 7(3 + 4); TNM stage: T2cN0M0, stage IIB) to healthy donors. The results revealed dozens of differentially expressed proteins in both plasma and serum. We identified the upregulation of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a well-known biomarker for prostate cancer, in the serum of cancer cohort. Further bioinformatics analysis highlighted noteworthy proteins which appear to be differentially secreted into the bloodstream, making them good candidates for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Bioanalytical and Biomarker, Prevail Therapeutics, Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Bairu Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Miele
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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Soares S, Aires F, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Faria I, Sales G, Correa-Duarte MA, Guerreiro S, Fernandes R. Radiotherapy Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Treated with Gold Nanorods Modulate miRNA Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2754. [PMID: 38474003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) modulation has been identified as a promising strategy for improving the response of human prostate cancer (PCa) to radiotherapy (RT). Studies have shown that mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs could modulate the sensitivity of PCa cells to RT. In addition, pegylated gold nanoparticles have been studied as a therapeutic approach to treat PCa cells and/or vehicles for carrying miRNAs to the inside of cells. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of hypofractionated RT and pegylated gold nanorods (AuNPr-PEG) to modulate the miRNA signature on PCa cells. Thus, RT-qPCR was used to analyze miRNA-95, miRNA-106-5p, miRNA-145-5p, and miRNA-541-3p on three human metastatic prostate cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) and one human prostate epithelial cell line (HprEpiC, a non-tumor cell line) with and without treatment. Our results showed that miRNA expression levels depend on cell type and the treatment combination applied using RT and AuNPr-PEG. In addition, cells pre-treated with AuNPr-PEG and submitted to 2.5 Gy per day for 3 days decreased the expression levels of miRNA-95, miRNA-106, miRNA-145, and miRNA-541-3p. In conclusion, PCa patients submitted to hypofractionated RT could receive personalized treatment based on their metastatic cellular miRNA signature, and AuNPr-PEG could be used to increase metastatic cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Soares
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Biomark@UC/CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Aires
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Goreti Sales
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Biomark@UC/CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 36310 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerreiro
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- UFP@RISE, Rede de Investigação em Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Beyaztas H, Ersoz C, Ozkan BN, Olgun I, Polat HS, Dastan AI, Cetinkaya E, Guler EM. The role of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in pre- and postoperative monitoring of prostate cancer patients. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:98-106. [PMID: 38373238 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2320381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate Cancer (PC) is a global health concern affecting men worldwide. Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the initiation of early-stage PC lesions. Additionally, inflammation has long been acknowledged as a factor in the development of PC. We aimed to examine the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in PC patients before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital. A total of 150 individuals were included in the study, divided into five groups: 50 Healthy controls, 25 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), 25 patients with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (LRPC), 25 patients with Medium-Risk Prostate Cancer (MRPC), and 25 patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer (HRPC). Measurements of Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Thiol (TT), and Native Thiol (NT) were performed using photometric methods. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) and Disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated mathematically. Levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Presepsin were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Compared to the healthy control group, the results indicated a statistically significant increase in both oxidative stress and inflammation levels. In the groups receiving both pharmaceutical therapy and surgical treatment (PC), a significant decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation levels was observed. CONCLUSION Consequently, it is suggested that the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers should be incorporated in the pre- and postoperative monitoring of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Beyaztas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cevper Ersoz
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyza Nur Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Olgun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Imran Dastan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emre Cetinkaya
- Clinical Biochemistry Routine Laboratory, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Haydarpaşa Numune Health Application and Research Center, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Chaudhary M, Kumar S, Kaur P, Sahu SK, Mittal A. Comprehensive Review on Recent Strategies for Management of Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and SAR. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:721-747. [PMID: 37694781 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230911141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a disease that is affecting a large population worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a foundation for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, as used in most clinical settings from neo-adjuvant to metastatic stage. In spite of the success of ADT in managing the disease in the majority of men, hormonal manipulation fails eventually. New molecules are developed for patients with various hormone-refractory diseases. Advancements in molecular oncology have increased understanding of numerous cellular mechanisms which control cell death in the prostate and these insights can lead to the development of more efficacious and tolerable therapies for carcinoma of the prostate. This review is focused on numerous therapies that might be a boon for prostate therapy like signaling inhibitors, vaccines, and inhibitors of androgen receptors. Along with these, various bioactive molecules and their derivatives are highlighted, which act as potential antiprostate cancer agents. This article also emphasized the recent advances in the field of medicinal chemistry of prostate cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Desh Bhagat University, Amloh Road, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
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12
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Pérez-Gómez JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Sarmento-Cabral A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Herrera-Martínez AD, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Exploring the role of the inflammasomes on prostate cancer: Interplay with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1165-1187. [PMID: 37819510 PMCID: PMC10697898 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a weight-related disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue growth and dysfunction which leads to the onset of a systemic chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Likewise, inflammation is considered a classic cancer hallmark affecting several steps of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this regard, novel molecular complexes termed inflammasomes have been identified which are able to react to a wide spectrum of insults, impacting several metabolic-related disorders, but their contribution to cancer biology remains unclear. In this context, prostate cancer (PCa) has a markedly inflammatory component, and patients frequently are elderly individuals who exhibit weight-related disorders, being obesity the most prevalent condition. Therefore, inflammation, and specifically, inflammasome complexes, could be crucial players in the interplay between PCa and metabolic disorders. In this review, we will: 1) discuss the potential role of each inflammasome component (sensor, molecular adaptor, and targets) in PCa pathophysiology, placing special emphasis on IL-1β/NF-kB pathway and ROS and hypoxia influence; 2) explore the association between inflammasomes and obesity, and how these molecular complexes could act as the cornerstone between the obesity and PCa; and, 3) compile current clinical trials regarding inflammasome targeting, providing some insights about their potential use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
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13
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Ou J, Zhen K, Wu Y, Xue Z, Fang Y, Zhang Q, Bi H, Tian X, Ma L, Liu C. Systemic lupus erythematosus and prostate cancer risk: a pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9517-9528. [PMID: 37213031 PMCID: PMC10423167 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current observational studies suggest that there may be a causal relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and prostate cancer (PC). However, there is contradictory evidence. This study aimed to investigate and clarify the association between SLE and PC. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus until May 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted on the standard incidence rate (SIR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the follow-up duration, study quality, and appropriate SLE diagnosis. Mendelian randomization (MR) of the two samples was used to determine whether genetically elevated SLE was causal for PC. Summary MR data were obtained from published GWASs, which included 1,959,032 individuals. The results were subjected to sensitivity analysis to verify their reliability. RESULTS In a meta-analysis of 79,316 participants from 14 trials, we discovered that patients with SLE had decreased PC risk (SIR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87) significantly. The MR results showed that a one-SD increase in genetic susceptibility to SLE significantly reduced PC risk (OR, 0.9829; 95% CI, 0.9715-0.9943; P = 0.003). Additional MR analyses suggested that the use of immunosuppressants (ISs) (OR, 1.1073; 95% CI, 1.0538-1.1634; P < 0.001), but not glucocorticoids (GCs) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which were associated with increased PC risk. The results of the sensitivity analyses were stable, and there was no evidence of directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with SLE have a lower risk of developing PC. Additional MR analyses indicated that genetic susceptibility to the use of ISs, but not GCs or NSAIDs, was associated with increased PC risk. This finding enriches our understanding of the potential risk factors for PC in patients with SLE. Further study is required to reach more definitive conclusions regarding these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Ou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Kailan Zhen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yaqian Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zixuan Xue
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yangyi Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hai Bi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
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14
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Abstract
Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the microorganisms that colonize the human body, can shift the metabolism, growth pattern and function of neoplastic cells and shape the tumour microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer by the scientific community. However, only a few microorganisms have been identified that directly initiate tumorigenesis or skew the immune system to generate a tumour-permissive milieu. Over the past two decades, research on the human microbiome and its functionalities within and across individuals has revealed microbiota-focused strategies for health and disease. Here, we review the evolving understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota acts in cancer initiation, promotion and progression. We explore the roles of bacteria in gastrointestinal tract malignancies and cancers of the lung, breast and prostate. Finally, we discuss the promises and limitations of targeting or harnessing bacteria in personalized cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Berge LAM, Liu FC, Grimsrud TK, Babigumira R, Støer NC, Kjærheim K, Robsahm TE, Ghiasvand R, Hosgood HD, Samuelsen SO, Silverman DT, Friesen MC, Shala NK, Veierød MB, Stenehjem JS. Night shift work and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1003-1014. [PMID: 36548214 PMCID: PMC10396420 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work may acutely disrupt the circadian rhythm, with possible carcinogenic effects. Prostate cancer has few established risk factors though night shift work, a probable human carcinogen, may increase the risk. We aimed to study the association between night shift work and chlorinated degreasing agents (CDAs) as possible endocrine disrupters in relation to aggressive prostate cancer as verified malignancies. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort study on 299 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 2056 randomly drawn non-cases in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort (1965-98) with linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway (1953-2019). Work history was recorded as years with day, night, and rollover (rotating) shift work, and CDA exposure was assessed with expert-made job-exposure matrices. Weighted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for aggressive prostate cancer, adjusted for education and year of first employment, stratified by 10-year birth cohorts, and with 10, 15, and 20 years of exposure lag periods. RESULTS Compared with day work only, an increased hazard of aggressive prostate cancer (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.18-2.91; P-trend = 0.046) was found in workers exposed to ≥19.5 years of rollover shift work. This persisted with longer lag periods (HR = 1.90, 95% CI 0.92-3.95; P-trend = 0.007). The exposure-hazard curve for a non-linear model increased linearly (HRs ≥1.00) for 18-26 years of rollover shift work. No association was found with CDA exposure. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to rollover shift work may increase the hazard of aggressive prostate cancer in offshore petroleum workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A M Berge
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fei-Chih Liu
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nathalie C Støer
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women’s Health, Women’s Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nita K Shala
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo S Stenehjem
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Huang J, Chan EOT, Liu X, Lok V, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Chiu PKF, Vasdev N, Enikeev D, Shariat SF, Ng CF, Teoh JYC, Wong MCS. Global Trends of Prostate Cancer by Age, and Their Associations With Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), Smoking, and Alcohol Drinking. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:e261-e270.e50. [PMID: 36878752 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the global disease burden and trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality by age, and their associations with gross domestic product (GDP), human development index (HDI), smoking, and alcohol drinking. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) database for the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in 2020; the World Bank for GDP per capita; the United Nations for HDI; the WHO Global Health Observatory for prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking; the Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents (CI5), WHO mortality database, for trend analysis. We presented the prostate cancer incidence and mortality using age-standardized rates. We examined their associations with GDP, HDI, smoking, and alcohol drinking by Spearman's correlations and multivariable regression. We estimated the 10-year trend of incidence and mortality by joinpoint regression analysis with average annual percent change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. RESULTS A wide variation in the burden of prostate cancer with the highest mortality found in low-income countries while the highest incidence was observed in high-income countries. We found moderate to high positive correlations for GDP, HDI, and alcohol drinking with prostate cancer incidence, whilst a low negative correlation was observed for smoking. Globally, there was an increasing incidence but decreasing mortality of prostate cancer, and such trends were particularly prominent in Europe. Notably, the incidence increase was also found in the younger population aged <50 years. CONCLUSIONS There was a global variation in the burden of prostate cancer associated with GDP, HDI, smoking, and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Erica On-Ting Chan
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianjing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veeleah Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chun Ho Ngai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College and The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; European Association of Urology - Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Department of Urology, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Lister Hospital Stevenage, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; European Association of Urology - Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands; Office of Global Engagement, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Martin C S Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College and The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Kumasaka S, Seki Y, Takayama H, Kumasaka Y, Dineen RA, Tsushima Y. Predictive value of prostate calcification for future cancer occurrence: a retrospective long-term follow-up cohort study. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20221110. [PMID: 37086073 PMCID: PMC10321267 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although prostate calcification is often identified on pelvic CT images, calcification itself is usually not considered clinically significant. A recent histological study proposed an association between prostate calcification and prostate cancer occurrence. Our aim was to determine the predictive value of prostate calcifications for future prostate cancer occurrence. METHODS We retrospectively analysed male patients (≥50 years old) without prior prostate cancer history, who underwent unenhanced pelvic CT between April 2010 and March 2011, and followed-up until December 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prostate cancer risk with prostate calcification (defined as a high-density area larger than 3 mm with CT attenuation values ≥ 130 HU), controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS A total of 636 male patients (mean age, 68 years ± 9 [standard deviation]) were evaluated. At the end of follow-up, prostate cancer had been more frequently diagnosed in patients with prostate calcification than those without prostate calcification (6.5% vs 2.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate calcification on CT was a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.91; p = 0.016). No statistical differences were observed in any other factors. CONCLUSION Prostate calcification may be a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence, and may be used for risk stratification and to guide screening protocols. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Presence of prostate calcification on unenhanced CT scan was associated with increased incidence of prostate cancer occurrence on long term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Seki
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Wang Y, Qian H, Shao X, Zhang H, Liu S, Pan J, Xue W. Multimodal convolutional neural networks based on the Raman spectra of serum and clinical features for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122426. [PMID: 36787677 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We collected surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) data from the serum of 729 patients with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), corresponding to their pathological results, and built an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). We then evaluated its value in diagnosing prostate cancer and predicting the Gleason score (GS) using a simple cross-validation method. Our CNN model based on the spectral data for prostate cancer diagnosis revealed an accuracy of 85.14 ± 0.39%. After adjusting the model with patient age and prostate specific antigen (PSA), the accuracy of the multimodal CNN was up to 88.55 ± 0.66%. Our multimodal CNN for distinguishing low-GS/high-GS and GS = 3 + 3/GS = 3 + 4 revealed accuracies of 68 ± 0.58% and 77 ± 0.52%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongyang Qian
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Ali F, Hussain S, Memon SA, Iqbal SS. Recently Top Trending Cancers in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital in Pakistan. DR. SULAIMAN AL HABIB MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [PMCID: PMC10019439 DOI: 10.1007/s44229-023-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, and its incidence is increasing, as reported in recent studies by GLOBOCAN. Cancer registry programs provide insights into currently trending tumors worldwide and aid in determining possible risk factors. This study was based on 7 years of cancer registry data recorded at NIMRA cancer hospital, Sindh, from 2015 to 2021. A total of 16,191 cancer patients were registered. In men, head and neck, lung, liver, colorectal and urinary tract cancers were most common. In women, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gynecological tumors, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer predominated. The overall data analysis indicated trending cancers in both sexes, including head and neck cancer (37.76%), breast cancer (13.83%), gynecological tumors (10.22%), esophageal cancer (5.18%), lung cancer (4.79%), colorectal cancer (4.27%), liver cancer (3.87%), lymphoma (3.16%), urinary tract cancer (3.11) and prostate cancer (1.53%). The mean age was 50.41 ± 11.78 years in men and 48.47 ± 11.88 years in women. Cancer prevalence has markedly increased worldwide, and is particularly alarming in developing countries. Various risk factors are involved in this increase, including the use of tobacco, areca nut, chewable tobacco, snuff or niswar. Current disease trends are substantially different from those in older studies at the institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Hussain
- Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Nawabshah, Pakistan
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20
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Chen S, Xiong K, Shi J, Yao S, Wang G, Qian K, Wang X. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for neuroendocrine prostate cancer, based on the SEER database. Front Surg 2023; 10:1110040. [PMID: 36969760 PMCID: PMC10036588 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe tumor biology of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is different from that of ordinary prostate cancer, herefore, existing clinical prognosis models for prostate cancer patients are unsuitable for NEPC. The specialized individual situation assessment and clinical decision-making tools for NEPC patients are urgently needed. This study aimed to develop a valid NEPC prognostic nomogram and risk stratification model to predict risk associated with patient outcomes.MethodsWe collected 340 de-novo NEPC patients from the SEER database, and randomly selected 240 of them as the training set and the remaining 100 as the validation set. Cox regression model was used to screen for risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) and construct a corresponding nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, C-indexes, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves are used to verify and calibrate nomograms.ResultsNEPC prognosis nomograms were constructed by integrating independent risk factors. The C-indexes, ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves revealed excellent prediction accuracy of the prognostic nomogram. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NEPC patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower OS and CSS than those in the low-risk group with risk scores calculated from nomograms.ConclusionsThe nomogram established in this research has the potential to be applied to the clinic to evaluate the prognosis of NEPC patients and support corresponding clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangping Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiageng Shi
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: Kaiyu Qian Gang Wang Xinghuan Wang
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: Kaiyu Qian Gang Wang Xinghuan Wang
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: Kaiyu Qian Gang Wang Xinghuan Wang
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21
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Dilixiati D, Kadier K, Laihaiti D, Lu JD, Azhati B, Rexiati M. The association between sexual dysfunction and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2023; 20:184-193. [PMID: 36763951 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is a connection between sexual dysfunction (SD) and prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. AIM We sought to review the interrelationship between SD and PCa and to determine whether there is a definitive risk of men developing PCa after suffering from SD. METHODS A complete search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to search for eligible studies published up to October 2022. The protocol for this meta-analysis is available from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022342381). OUTCOMES The associations between SD and the risk of PCa were assessed by calculating pooled ORs with 95% CIs, and the standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI were used to assess the relationship between SD and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or prostate volume (PV). Random-effects models were used to account for potential heterogeneity, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Twenty studies involving 215,626 individuals were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with controls, subjects with SD had a 1.62-fold increased risk of PCa (OR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.77-2.23, P = .003; heterogeneity: I2 = 97.8%, P < .001). Patients with SD had higher PSA levels than controls (SMD =0.07, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13, P = .041; heterogeneity: I2 = 55.6%, P = .027). However, there was no association between SD and PV (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.11, P = .122; heterogeneity: I2 = 48.5%, P = .100). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Current evidence confirms a potential link between SD and the risk of PCa and that SD in PCa patients should be of concern to clinicians. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The strength of this study is that it is to our knowledge the first meta-analysis of studies on the risk of PCa in men with SD. A limitation is that most of the studies included in this meta-analysis focused on ED. CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis results suggest that men with SD have a higher risk of PCa and higher PSA levels than men without SD. However, this is merely inferential, and causality cannot be determined based on the current data. Further longitudinal studies should be performed to validate our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diliyaer Dilixiati
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Kaisaierjiang Kadier
- Clinical Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Duolikun Laihaiti
- Department of Joint Surgery, Changji Branch of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, China
| | - Jian-De Lu
- Clinical Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baihetiya Azhati
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Mulati Rexiati
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center of Urogenital Diseases, Urumqi, China
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Pejčić T, Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Kalaba M, Vovk I, Bensa M, Popović L, Tešić Ž. The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020368. [PMID: 36829927 PMCID: PMC9952119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Bumbaširević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kalaba
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maja Bensa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Chitra Veena S, Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> gene. SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 21:145-155. [DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-fve.Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association.Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer.Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. In some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. Identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarpparajan Chitra Veena
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Mohammed Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
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Sun D, Lin A, Sun Z, Yang S, Sun Y, Chen A, Qian G, Ji Z, Wang L. Nomograms predict survival benefits of radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy for prostate cancer with bone metastases: A SEER-based study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020898. [PMID: 36561516 PMCID: PMC9764338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify independent prognosis-associated factors of bone-metastatic prostate cancer. The nomograms were further developed to obtain indicators for the prognostic evaluation. Methods A total of 7315 bone-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n=5,120) and test cohort (n=2,195) in a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to evaluate potential risk factors. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was further performed to decrease the confounding effect and re-evaluate the influence of radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy on prognosis. Combining these potential prognosis factors, the nomograms of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) at different times were established. C-indexes, calibration curves, and decision curves were developed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical benefit of the nomograms. Results Eleven independent prognosis factors for CSS and twelve for OS were utilized to conduct the nomograms respectively. The C-indexes of nomograms for CSS and OS were 0.712 and 0.702, respectively. A favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities was demonstrated by adopting calibration curves. Decision curves also exhibited a positive clinical benefit of the nomograms. Conclusions Nomograms were formulated successfully to predict 3-year and 5-year CSS and OS for bone-metastatic PCa patients. Radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy were strongly associated with the bone-metastatic PCa prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Sun
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Lin
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhun Sun
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anning Chen
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Qian
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
| | - Li Wang
- Nephrology Department, Southern Medical University Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
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Role of Lipids and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and the Tumor’s Immune Environment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174293. [PMID: 36077824 PMCID: PMC9454444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of lipid metabolism during cancer development and progression is one of the hallmarks of cancer in solid tumors; its importance in prostate cancer (PCa) has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Lipid metabolism is known to interact with androgen receptor signaling, an established driver of PCa progression and castration resistance. Similarly, immune cell infiltration into prostate tissue has been linked with the development and progression of PCa as well as with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Immuno-oncological drugs inhibit immune checkpoints to activate immune cells’ abilities to recognize and destroy cancer cells. These drugs have proved to be successful in treating some solid tumors, but in PCa their efficacy has been poor, with only a small minority of patients demonstrating a treatment response. In this review, we first describe the importance of lipid metabolism in PCa. Second, we collate current information on how modulation of lipid metabolism of cancer cells and the surrounding immune cells may impact the tumor’s immune responses which, in part, may explain the unimpressive results of immune-oncological treatments in PCa.
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Baker A, Khalid M, Uddin I, Khan MS. Targeted non AR mediated smart delivery of abiraterone to the prostate cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272396. [PMID: 36018864 PMCID: PMC9416994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest tumor in men all over the world. Different types of drugs with various delivery systems and pathways were developed, but no one showed prominent results against cancer. Meanwhile, nanoparticles have shown good results against cancer. Therefore, in the given study, citrate mediated synthesized gold nanoparticles (CtGNPs) with immobilized survivin antibodies (SvGNPs) were bioconjugated to the substantially potent drug abiraterone (AbSvGNPs) to develop as a combinatorial therapeutic against prostate cancer. The AbSvGNPs are made up of CtGNPs, survivin antibodies, and abiraterone. The selected drug abiraterone (Abira) possesses exceptionally good activity against prostate cancer, but cancer cells develop resistance against this drug and it also poses several severe side effects. Meanwhile, survivin antibodies were used to deliver AbSvGNPs specifically into cancer cells by considering survivin, an anti-apoptotic overexpressed protein in cancer cells, as a marker. The survivin antibodies have also been used to inhibit cancer cells as an immunotherapeutic agent. Similarly, CtGNPs were discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation via several transduction pathways. The given bioconjugated nanoparticles (AbSvGNPs) were found to be substantially effective against prostate cancer with an IC50 of 11.8 and 7.3 μM against DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. However, it was found safe against NRK and showed less than 25% cytotoxicity up to 20μM concentration. The as-synthesized nanoparticles CtGNPs, SvGNPs, and AbSvGNPs were characterized by several physical techniques to confirm their synthesis, whereas the immobilization of survivin antibodies and bioconjugation of Abira was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, FTIR, and zeta-potential. The anticancer potential of AbSvGNPs was determined by MTT, DAPI, ROS, MITO, TUNEL ASSAY, and caspase-3 activity against DU145 and PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abduaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Uddin
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Barilla S, Lindblom A, Helgadottir HT. Unravelling genetic variants of a swedish family with high risk of prostate cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:28. [PMID: 35870994 PMCID: PMC9308349 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. It is a polygenic disease with a substantial proportion of heritability. Identification of novel candidate biomarkers is crucial for clinical cancer prevention and the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe the analysis of rare and common genetic variants that can predispose to the development of prostate cancer. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on germline DNA of five Swedish siblings which were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The high-risk variants were identified setting the minor allele frequency < 0.01, CADD > 10 and if tested in PRACTICAL, OR > 1.5, while the low-risk variants were identified minor allele frequency > 0.01, CADD > 10 and if tested in PRACTICAL, OR > 1.1. RESULTS We identified 38 candidate high-risk gene variants and 332 candidate low-risk gene variants, where 2 and 14 variants were in coding regions, respectively, that were shared by the brothers with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study expanded the knowledge of potential risk factor candidates involved in hereditary and familial prostate cancer. Our findings can be beneficial when applying targeted screening in families with a high risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hafdis T Helgadottir
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gao WY, Boonyarat C, Takomthong P, Plekratoke K, Hayakawa Y, Yenjai C, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. Acridone Derivatives from Atalantia monophyla Inhibited Cancer Cell Proliferation through ERK Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123865. [PMID: 35744993 PMCID: PMC9228231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acridone alkaloids on cancer cell lines and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The ten acridone alkaloids from Atalantia monophyla were screened for cytotoxicity against LNCaP cell lines by a WST-8 assay. Then, the most potential acridone, buxifoliadine E, was evaluated on four types of cancer cells, namely prostate cancer (LNCaP), neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y), hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT29). The results showed that buxifoliadine E was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of all four types of cancer cells, having the most potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins in the cancer cells. In HepG2 cells, buxifoliadine E induced changes in the levels of Bid as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax through MAPKs, including Erk and p38. Moreover, the binding interaction between buxifoliadine E and Erk was investigated by using the Autodock 4.2.6 and Discovery Studio programs. The result showed that buxifoliadine E bound at the ATP-binding site, located at the interface between the N- and C-terminal lobes of Erk2. The results of this study indicate that buxifoliadine E suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Gao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Pitchayakarn Takomthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-80-8955511; Fax: +66-45-353609
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Photodynamic Therapy-Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051113. [PMID: 35626269 PMCID: PMC9139878 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in the number of advanced-stage prostate cancer cases with poor prognosis has led to a search for innovative methods of treatment. In response to the need for implementation of new and innovative methods of cancer tissue therapy, we studied photodynamic action in excised prostate tissue in vitro as a model for photodynamic therapy. To ascertain the effects of photodynamic action in prostate tissue, Rose Bengal (0.01 to 0.05 mM) was used as a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen and light to generate singlet oxygen in tissues in vitro. Five preset concentrations of Rose Bengal were chosen and injected into prostate tissue samples (60 samples with 12 replications for each RB concentration) that were subsequently exposed to 532 nm light. The effects of irradiation of the Rose Bengal infused tissue samples were determined by histopathological analysis. Histopathological examination of prostate samples subjected to photodynamic action revealed numerous changes in the morphology of the neoplastic cells and the surrounding tissues. We conclude that the morphological changes observed in the prostate cancer tissues were a result of the photogeneration of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. The tissue damage observed post photodynamic action offers an incentive for continued in vitro investigations and future in vivo clinical trials.
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30
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Gong Z, Platek ME, Till C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Platz EA, Neuhouser ML, Thompson IM, Santella RM, Ambrosone CB. Associations Between Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress and DNA Repair, Interactions With Serum Antioxidants, and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results From the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Front Oncol 2022; 11:808715. [PMID: 35096612 PMCID: PMC8795906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.808715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of polymorphisms in genes related to the generation and removal of oxidative stress and repair of oxidative DNA damage will lead to new insights into the genetic basis of prostate cancer. In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), a double-blind, randomized controlled trial testing finasteride versus placebo for prostate cancer prevention, we intend to investigate the role of oxidative stress/DNA repair mechanisms in prostate cancer etiology and whether these polymorphisms modify prostate cancer risk by interacting with antioxidant status in both placebo and finasteride arms. We evaluated associations of selected candidate polymorphisms in genes in these pathways, and interactions with pre-diagnostic serum antioxidants, and the risk of prostate cancer among 1,598 cases and 1,706 frequency-matched controls enrolled in the PCPT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. While there were no statistically significant associations observed in the placebo arm, several SNPs were associated with prostate cancer in the finasteride arm. Specifically, APEX1-rs1760944 was associated with increased risk of total prostate cancer (per minor allele: p-trend=0.04). OGG1-rs1052133 was positively (CG/GG vs. CC: OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.73) and NOS3-rs1799983 was inversely (per minor allele: p-trend=0.04) associated with risk of low-grade prostate cancer. LIG3-rs1052536 and XRCC1-rs25489 were suggestively associated with reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer (per minor allele: both p-trend=0.04). In the placebo arm, significant associations were observed among men with higher serum lycopene for APEX1-rs1760944 and NQO1-rs1800566, or higher serum β-cryptoxanthin for ERCC4-rs1800067. In the finasteride arm, stronger associations were observed among men with lower serum lycopene for NOS3-rs1799983, higher serum α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin for LIG3-rs1052536, or lower serum retinol for SOD2-rs1799725. These results suggest that germline variations in oxidative stress and DNA repair pathways may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis and that these associations may differ by intraprostatic sex steroid hormone status and be further modified by antioxidant status. Findings provide insights into the complex role of gene, gene-antioxidant and -finasteride interactions in prostate cancer etiology, and thus may lead to the development of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mary E Platek
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cathee Till
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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31
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Bakshi A, Riaz M, Orchard SG, Carr PR, Joshi AD, Cao Y, Rebello R, Nguyen-Dumont T, Southey MC, Millar JL, Gately L, Gibbs P, Ford LG, Parnes HL, Chan AT, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P. A Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Incident Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men but Does Not Select for Clinically Significant Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5815. [PMID: 34830967 PMCID: PMC8616400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer in older men, the predictive value of a polygenic risk score (PRS) remains uncertain in men aged ≥70 years. We used a 6.6 million-variant PRS to predict the risk of incident prostate cancer in a prospective study of 5701 men of European descent aged ≥70 years (mean age 75 years) enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial. The study endpoint was prostate cancer, including metastatic or non-metastatic disease, confirmed by an expert panel. After excluding participants with a history of prostate cancer at enrolment, we used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between the PRS and incident prostate cancer risk, adjusting for covariates. Additionally, we examined the distribution of Gleason grade groups by PRS group to determine if a higher PRS was associated with higher grade disease. We tested for interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment. Logistic regression was used to independently assess the association of the PRS with prevalent (pre-trial) prostate cancer, reported in medical histories. During a median follow-up time of 4.6 years, 218 of the 5701 participants (3.8%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The PRS predicted incident risk with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.52 per standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-1.74, p < 0.001). Men in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an almost three times higher risk of prostate cancer than men in the lowest quintile (HR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.90-4.27), p < 0.001). However, a higher PRS was not associated with a higher Gleason grade groups. We found no interaction between aspirin treatment and the PRS for prostate cancer risk. The PRS was also associated with prevalent prostate cancer (odds ratio = 1.80 per SD (95% CI 1.65-1.96), p < 0.001).While a PRS for prostate cancer is strongly associated with incident risk in men aged ≥70 years, the clinical utility of the PRS as a biomarker is currently limited by its inability to select for clinically significant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Prudence R. Carr
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Yin Cao
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Richard Rebello
- Centre for Cancer Research, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tú Nguyen-Dumont
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (T.N.-D.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (T.N.-D.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jeremy L. Millar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Leslie G. Ford
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (L.G.F.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (L.G.F.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
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32
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McNevin CS, Cadoo K, Baird AM, Murchan P, Sheils O, McDermott R, Finn S. Pathogenic BRCA Variants as Biomarkers for Risk in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225697. [PMID: 34830851 PMCID: PMC8616097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Historically, the treatment of prostate cancer was a blanket approach for all. Prostate cancer has not benefitted from targeted treatments based on specific tumour characteristics (ie. Particular genetic or molecular patterns) the way other cancers have. This is important as studies have shown that prostate cancer patients with certain errors in their genes, such as BRCA2 or BRCA1, are more likely to have worse disease and poorer outcome. These patients can be treated successfully with a group of drugs called ‘PARP inhibitors’. This paper examines the prognostic, clinical and therapeutic role of BRCA2/BRCA1 mutations across the evolution of PCa. The impact of the inclusion of BRCA genes on genetic screening will also be outlined. Abstract Studies have demonstrated that men with Prostate Cancer (PCa) harboring BRCA2/BRCA1 genetic aberrations, are more likely to have worse disease and a poorer prognosis. A mutation in BRCA2 is known to confer the highest risk of PCa for men (8.6 fold in men ≤65 years) making BRCA genes a conceivable genomic biomarker for risk in PCa. These genes have attracted a lot of research attention however their role in the clinical assessment and treatment of PCa remains complex. Multiple studies have been published examining the relationship between prostate cancer and BRCA mutations. Here BRCA mutations are explored specifically as a biomarker for risk in PCa. It is in this context, we examined the prognostic, clinical and therapeutic role of BRCA2/BRCA1 mutations across the evolution of PCa. The impact of the inclusion of BRCA genes on genetic screening will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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33
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Soronen V, Talala K, Raitanen J, Taari K, Tammela T, Auvinen A. Digital rectal examination in prostate cancer screening at PSA level 3.0-3.9 ng/ml: long-term results from a randomized trial. Scand J Urol 2021; 55:348-353. [PMID: 34409927 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.1966095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate digital rectal examination (DRE) as a predictor of prostate cancer (PC) at serum PSA level 3.0-3.9 ng/ml. We compared the PC incidence rates of men with different screening test results in this PSA range and analyzed DRE in comparison with free/total PSA ratio as an additional screening test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the FinRSPC trial, PC incidence rate ratios (IRR) for groups defined by the secondary screening test results (DRE vs. free/total PSA) were calculated for 17-year follow-up, using adjustment for age, family history of PC and place of residence. Screening test performance was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio. RESULTS The IRR for men with a positive DRE compared to those with a negative result was 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.96), while the IRR for men with a positive free/total PSA result compared to those with a negative one was 1.62 (95% CI 1.08-2.43). The estimated sensitivity was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11-0.20, 40/270) for DRE and 0.32 (95% CI 0.23-0.41, 36/113) for free/total PSA, and the specificity 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.93, 419/461) for DRE and 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.90, 134/158) for free/total PSA. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support utility of DRE as a screening test for PC at serum PSA level 3.0-3.9 ng/ml, while the results regarding free/total PSA determination were more encouraging and reconfirm the decision to switch from DRE to free/total PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Soronen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jani Raitanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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34
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Palomar-Cros A, Espinosa A, Straif K, Pérez-Gómez B, Papantoniou K, Gómez-Acebo I, Molina-Barceló A, Olmedo-Requena R, Alguacil J, Fernández-Tardón G, Casabonne D, Aragonés N, Castaño-Vinyals G, Pollán M, Romaguera D, Kogevinas M. The Association of Nighttime Fasting Duration and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the Multicase-Control (MCC) Study in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:2662. [PMID: 34444822 PMCID: PMC8399976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nighttime fasting has been inconclusively associated with a reduced risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate this association in relation to prostate cancer risk. We examined data from 607 prostate cancer cases and 848 population controls who had never worked in night shift work from the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) study, 2008-2013. Through an interview, we collected circadian information on meal timing at mid-age. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with unconditional logistic regression. After controlling for time of breakfast, fasting for more than 11 h overnight (the median duration among controls) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer compared to those fasting for 11 h or less (OR = 0.77, 95% 0.54-1.07). Combining a long nighttime fasting and an early breakfast was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer compared to a short nighttime fasting and a late breakfast (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.27-1.04). This study suggests that a prolonged nighttime fasting duration and an early breakfast may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Findings should be interpreted cautiously and add to growing evidence on the importance of chrononutrition in relation to cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomar-Cros
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Kurt Straif
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria—IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Institut Català d’Oncologia, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (K.S.); (G.C.-V.); (D.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (I.G.-A.); (R.O.-R.); (J.A.); (G.F.-T.); (D.C.); (N.A.); (M.P.)
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Wei Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Huang R. Association between periodontal disease and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e459-e465. [PMID: 33247563 PMCID: PMC8254894 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacterial infection which may lead to various systematic diseases. Recently, increasing studies have explored the correlation of periodontal disease with the risk of prostate cancer. However, the findings were inconsistent. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of prostate cancer by a meta-analysis.
Material and Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched for publications up to July 17, 2020. Cohort and case-control studies evaluating the risk of prostate cancer in patients with periodontal disease were included. A fixed or random-effect model was used to calculate the summary relative risk (RR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI). All analyses were conducted using Stata 12.0 software.
Results Seven studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled estimates showed that periodontal disease was significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.07-1.27; P = 0.001). Findings of sensitivity analyses proved that the overall results were robust.
Conclusions Periodontal disease may be considered as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer. Although it’s a possibility, males should be more aware of their oral health and implement effective measures to prevent and treat periodontal disease. Key words:Periodontal disease, periodontitis, prostate cancer, meta-analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Xu X, Man L. Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Encore the Potency of Bioconjugated Flutamide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:557-568. [PMID: 32106799 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200227121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer death after lung cancer in the US. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly effective therapeutic drug at substantially low doses. OBJECTIVE Anti-androgen drug flutamide was delivered to the prostate cancer cells using Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (PGNPs) as the drug delivery system. PGNPs and flutamide worked synergistically against cancer cells. METHODS Flutamide was used to bioconjugate with PGNPs to improve its efficacy against prostate cancer. The synthesis and bioconjugation of flutamide with PGNPs (F-PGNPs) were characterized by various characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential to ensure the synthesis, size, shape, size distribution, and stability. The drug loading efficiency of flutamide in F-PGNPs was confirmed and validated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Eventually, in vitro studies were performed to determine the potency of F-PGNPs, changes in nuclear morphology, and generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). RESULTS The efficacy of F-PGNPs (IC50 is 46.54 μg/mL) was found to be improved significantly over pure flutamide (IC50 is 64.63 μg/mL) against human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line whereas F-PGNPs did not show any significant toxicity up to a fairly high concentration toward normal mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. The apoptotic effects and ROS generation of F-PGNPs were analyzed by increased permeability of the cell membrane and condensed chromatin with deep blue and green fluorescent nucleus, respectively. DISCUSSION The results clearly showed that F-PGNPs significantly improved the potency of flutamide by delivering it directly into the nucleus of cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis. CONCLUSION Thus, the greater inhibitory effect of F-PGNPs over the pure drug would be of great advantage during prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Libo Man
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
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Huang SP, Chen LC, Chen YT, Lee CH, Huang CY, Yu CC, Lin VC, Lu TL, Bao BY. PTBP1 Genetic Variants Affect the Clinical Response to Androgen-deprivation Therapy in Patients With Prostate Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:325-334. [PMID: 33893085 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) contribute to multiple cellular functions including RNA splicing, stabilization, transcriptional and translational regulation, and signal transduction. However, the prognostic importance of genetic variants of hnRNP genes in clinical outcomes of prostate cancer remains to be elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied the association of 78 germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 23 hnRNP genes with the overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in 630 patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). RESULTS PTBP1 rs10420407 was the most significant SNP (false discovery rate q=0.003) and carriers of the A allele exhibited poor OS, CSS, and PFS. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed PTBP1 rs10420407 A allele was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis showed that the rs10420407 A allele had a trend towards increased PTBP1 mRNA expression, and higher expression was correlated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. Meta-analysis of 16 independent studies further indicated a tumorigenic effect of PTBP1, with a higher expression in prostate cancers than in adjacent normal tissues (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PTBP1 rs10420407 may influence patient response to ADT, and PTBP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Victor C Lin
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Ling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kgatle MM, Boshomane TMG, Lawal IO, Mokoala KMG, Mokgoro NP, Lourens N, Kairemo K, Zeevaart JR, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer: Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4109. [PMID: 33921181 PMCID: PMC8071559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment initially offers an improved clinical outcome and overall survival (OS), however, after a while the treatment becomes resistant leading to aggressive and uncontrolled disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Concurrent combination of the ICIs with radionuclides therapy that has rapidly emerged as safe and effective targeted approach for treating PCa patients may shift the paradigm of PCa treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the contextual contribution of old and new emerging inhibitory ICs in PCa, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the use of these ICs in treating PCa patients. Furthermore, we will also describe the potential of using a combinatory approach of ICIs and radionuclides therapy in treating PCa patients to enhance efficacy, durable cancer control and OS. The inhibitory ICs considered in this review are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankgopo M. Kgatle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Neo P. Mokgoro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nico Lourens
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Kalevo Kairemo
- Departments of Molecular Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, Docrates Cancer Center, 00180 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC (Necsa), Pelindaba 0001, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Cruz MAD, Lund D, Szekeres F, Karlsson S, Faresjö M, Larsson D. Cis-regulatory elements in conserved non-coding sequences of nuclear receptor genes indicate for crosstalk between endocrine systems. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:640-650. [PMID: 33954257 PMCID: PMC8051167 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate gene expression when bound to specific DNA sequences. Crosstalk between steroid NR systems has been studied for understanding the development of hormone-driven cancers but not to an extent at a genetic level. This study aimed to investigate crosstalk between steroid NRs in conserved intron and exon sequences, with a focus on steroid NRs involved in prostate cancer etiology. For this purpose, we evaluated conserved intron and exon sequences among all 49 members of the NR Superfamily (NRS) and their relevance as regulatory sequences and NR-binding sequences. Sequence conservation was found to be higher in the first intron (35%), when compared with downstream introns. Seventy-nine percent of the conserved regions in the NRS contained putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) and a large fraction of these sequences contained splicing sites (SS). Analysis of transcription factors binding to putative intronic and exonic TFBS revealed that 5 and 16%, respectively, were NRs. The present study suggests crosstalk between steroid NRs, e.g., vitamin D, estrogen, progesterone, and retinoic acid endocrine systems, through cis-regulatory elements in conserved sequences of introns and exons. This investigation gives evidence for crosstalk between steroid hormones and contributes to novel targets for steroid NR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Araceli Diaz Cruz
- Research School of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Dan Lund
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Szekeres
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sandra Karlsson
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Faresjö
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Dennis Larsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothia Forum for Clinical Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
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McNevin CS, Baird AM, McDermott R, Finn SP. Diagnostic Strategies for Treatment Selection in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:345. [PMID: 33669657 PMCID: PMC7922176 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. For most men with PCa, their disease will follow an indolent course. However, advanced PCa is associated with poor outcomes. There has been an advent of new therapeutic options with proven efficacy for advanced PCa in the last decade which has improved survival outcomes for men with this disease. Despite this, advanced PCa continues to be associated with a high rate of death. There is a lack of strong evidence guiding the timing and sequence of these novel treatment strategies. This paper focuses on a review of the strategies for diagnostic and the current evidence available for treatment selection in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James’s Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
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Sungur M, Caliskan S. Awareness of prostate cancer diagnosis and management among Turkish males: a cross sectional study from Çorum. Aging Male 2020; 23:202-205. [PMID: 31007118 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1577377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in the United States and the second most common cancer in Turkey. The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in industrialized countries.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about prostate cancer, its diagnosis, and treatment among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods: This study was performed from January to April 2015 with the patients applied to our clinic. A questionnaire that includes 10 questions was administered to the participants.Results: One hundred fifty-nine participants were included in this study. The participants' ages were between 40 and 82 with a mean age of 61.5 ± 7.9 years. Patient awareness of prostate biopsy and prostate cancer were 21.37 and 71.06%. The main origin awareness of PSA testing is family and friends. On the other hand, if the doctor advises acout prostate biopsy, 47.16% of the patients would accept and 11.31% of them would refuse this invasive procedure.Conclusion: Prostate cancer is one of the important health-related problem among men in the world. Additional researches are needed to investigate the knowledge of prostate cancer among men and the Ministry of Health may take preventive methods to increase the cancer knowledge level of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sungur
- Department of Urology, Hitit University Erol Olcok Education and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Caliskan
- Department of Urology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Okidi R, Opira C, Sambo VDC, Achola C, Ogwang DM. Prostate hyperplasia in St Mary's Hospital Lacor: utility of prostate specific antigen in screening for prostate malignancy. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1259-1263. [PMID: 33402973 PMCID: PMC7751533 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the second commonest cancer in men worldwide. At present, every patient with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in St. Mary's Hospital Lacor is undergoing prostate biopsy regardless of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. We sought to determine the association between PSA and malignant prostate histology. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Data on age, PSA, prostate volume and prostate histology reported between Jan 2012 and Dec 2019 were retrieved from St. Mary's Hospital Lacor archive and analyzed using STATA SE/13.0. RESULTS Records of 97 patients with LUTS was analyzed. The median (range) age of the patients was 71 (43-100) years. Median (range) of prostate volume was 91.8 (8.0-360.0) cc. Overall, PSA ranged from 0.21 to 399.2 ng/ml. Prostate histology showed 3.1% acinar adenocarcinoma, 24.7% adenocarcinoma and 72.2% benign prostatic hyperplasia. The median PSA amongst patients with malignant and non-malignant prostates were 15.8 ng/ml and 6.07 ng/ml respectively. Serum PSA level was significantly higher in patients with malignant prostate histology (Difference of mean= 9.7; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with LUTS and PSA levels of 15ng/ml or more were more likely to have malignant prostate histology.
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Introducing PIONEER: a project to harness big data in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:351-362. [PMID: 32461687 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Enhancement Through the Power of Big Data in Europe (PIONEER) is a European network of excellence for big data in prostate cancer, consisting of 32 private and public stakeholders from 9 countries across Europe. Launched by the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 and part of the Big Data for Better Outcomes Programme (BD4BO), the overarching goal of PIONEER is to provide high-quality evidence on prostate cancer management by unlocking the potential of big data. The project has identified critical evidence gaps in prostate cancer care, via a detailed prioritization exercise including all key stakeholders. By standardizing and integrating existing high-quality and multidisciplinary data sources from patients with prostate cancer across different stages of the disease, the resulting big data will be assembled into a single innovative data platform for research. Based on a unique set of methodologies, PIONEER aims to advance the field of prostate cancer care with a particular focus on improving prostate-cancer-related outcomes, health system efficiency by streamlining patient management, and the quality of health and social care delivered to all men with prostate cancer and their families worldwide.
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Saleh SAK, Adly HM, Abdelkhaliq AA, Nassir AM. Serum Levels of Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and Iron in Prostate Cancer Patients. Curr Urol 2020; 14:44-49. [PMID: 32398996 DOI: 10.1159/000499261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Variations of trace element contents may be associated with several diseases including metabolic disorders, cellular growth disturbance, mutation and tumorigenesis. Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide and stand fifth most common male cancer in Saudi Arabia. Objective In the present study, Serum levels of selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron were measured in patients with BPH and prostate cancer aiming to explore the association between these elements and prostate cancer. Patients and Methods The study included 40 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, 22 patients with BPH and 30 healthy male subjects. All participant groups had similar socio-economic levels. Fasting blood samples were collected from all subjects and before any intervention for the patients. Serum PSA concentrations were analyzed by ELIZA and trace elements Se, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe were measured by ICP-MS. Results Serum Se, Zn, and Mn levels of prostate cancer patients were significantly decreased compared to control groups. The levels of serum Cu and Fe were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in control groups. Conclusion In the present study, an association was noticed between serum trace elements disturbance and prostate cancer. The decreased levels of Se, Zn, and Mn, and increased Cu and Fe levels may play significant roles in the initiation of prostate cancer. However, future prospective studies on the causes of trace elements alteration in prostate cancer patients are needed as well as to illustrate the relation between different prostate cancer stages and trace elements concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba M Adly
- Biochemistry Department, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anmar M Nassir
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Lam T, Birzniece V, McLean M, Gurney H, Hayden A, Cheema BS. The Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer and the Benefits and Potential Anti-oncogenic Mechanisms of Progressive Resistance Training. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32056047 PMCID: PMC7018888 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has the second highest incidence of all cancers amongst men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a common form of treatment. However, in reducing serum testosterone to castrate levels and rendering men hypogonadal, ADT contributes to a myriad of adverse effects which can affect prostate cancer prognosis. Physical activity is currently recommended as synergistic medicine in prostate cancer patients to alleviate the adverse effects of treatment. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is an anabolic exercise modality which may be of benefit in prostate cancer patients given its potency in maintaining and positively adapting skeletal muscle. However, currently, there is a scarcity of RCTs which have evaluated the use of isolated PRT in counteracting the adverse effects of prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, although physical activity in general has been found to reduce relapse rates and improve survival in prostate cancer, the precise anti-oncogenic effects of specific exercise modalities, including PRT, have not been fully established. Thus, the overall objective of this article is to provide a rationale for the in-depth investigation of PRT and its biological effects in men with prostate cancer on ADT. This will be achieved by (1) summarising the metabolic effects of ADT in patients with prostate cancer and its effect on prostate cancer progression and prognosis, (2) reviewing the existing evidence regarding the metabolic benefits of PRT in this cohort, (3) exploring the possible oncological pathways by which PRT can affect prostate cancer prognosis and progression and (4) outlining avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lam
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vita Birzniece
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McLean
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Hayden
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular determinants of prostate cancer among Iranian patients: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:37-53. [PMID: 31895010 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1657061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manifestations at advanced stages of disease. Since this malignancy is age related and Iran will face a significant increase in the number of seniors, it is expected that the prevalence of PCa among Iranian men will rise. PCa progression has been observed to be associated with genetic and ethnic factors. It may therefore be clinically useful to determine a panel of genetic markers, in addition to routine diagnostic methods, to detect tumors in the early stages. In the present review, we have summarized the reported genetic markers in PCa Iranian patients to pave the way for the determination of an ethnic specific genetic marker panel for the early detection of PCa. To understand the genetic and molecular biology of PCa among Iranians, we have categorized these genetic markers based on their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lim JT, Tan YQ, Valeri L, Lee J, Geok PP, Chia SE, Ong CN, Seow WJ. Association between serum heavy metals and prostate cancer risk - A multiple metal analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105109. [PMID: 31491608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Exposure to heavy metals and their association with prostate cancer risk has been studied extensively, but combined effects remain largely inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the association between serum concentrations of heavy metals and prostate cancer risk. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentrations of a panel of 10 heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sb, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb) in serum samples of 141 cases and 114 controls in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study. Linear probit regression models were used to estimate risk differences (RDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between log-centered serum metal concentrations and prostate cancer risk with adjustment for potential confounders. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to account for nonlinear, interactive, and joint metal effects. RESULTS Using probit regression, four heavy metals (As, Zn, Mn, Sb) were significantly and positively associated with prostate cancer risk in the unadjusted models. Using BKMR analysis, both As and Zn had positive risk differences on prostate cancer risk when all other metals were held fixed at the 25th and 50th percentiles (RD, 25th percentile: As: 0.15, Zn: 0.19, RD, 50th percentile: As: 0.45, Zn: 0.37). In addition, the overall mixture risk difference was positive and the 95% credible intervals did not include 0 when all metals in the mixture were jointly above their 55th percentile, as compared to when all metals were below their median values. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we found positive associations between the serum levels of As and Zn and prostate cancer risk on the risk difference scale using BKMR models. The overall mixture effect was also associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Tao Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yue Qian Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingyi Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Per Poh Geok
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Eng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Abstract
The field of prostate cancer has been the subject of extensive research that has resulted in important discoveries and shaped our appreciation of this disease and its management. Advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, natural history, anatomy, detection, diagnosis, grading, staging, imaging, and management of prostate cancer have changed clinical practice and influenced guideline recommendations. The development of the Gleason score and subsequent modifications enabled accurate prediction of prognosis. Increased anatomical understanding and improved surgical techniques resulted in the development of nerve-sparing surgery for radical prostatectomy. The advent of active surveillance has changed the management of low-risk disease, and chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have improved the outcomes of patients with distant disease. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expected to yield more practice-changing results in the near future.
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The relationship between KLK3 rs17632542 and PRNCR1 rs16901979 polymorphisms with susceptibility to prostate cancer. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Oner M, Lin E, Chen MC, Hsu FN, Shazzad Hossain Prince GM, Chiu KY, Teng CLJ, Yang TY, Wang HY, Yue CH, Yu CH, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Lin H. Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163881. [PMID: 31395805 PMCID: PMC6720211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family. CDK5 is activated by binding with its regulatory proteins, mainly p35, and its activation is essential in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been reported that CDK5 plays important roles in regulating various biological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Concerning prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) is majorly involved in tumorigenesis, while CDK5 can phosphorylate AR and promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Clinical evidence has also shown that the level of CDK5 is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Interestingly, inhibition of CDK5 prevents prostate cancer cell growth, while drug-triggered CDK5 hyperactivation leads to apoptosis. The blocking of CDK5 activity by its small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or Roscovitine, a pan-CDK inhibitor, reduces the cellular AR protein level and triggers the death of prostate cancer cells. Thus, CDK5 plays a crucial role in the growth of prostate cancer cells, and AR regulation is one of the important pathways. In this review paper, we summarize the significant studies on CDK5-mediated regulation of prostate cancer cells. We propose that the CDK5–p35 complex might be an outstanding candidate as a diagnostic marker and potential target for prostate cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal, Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung Medical University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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