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Ye J, Duan C, Han J, Chen J, Sun N, Li Y, Yuan T, Peng D. Peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for major depressive disorder. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1541-1554. [PMID: 38934398 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ye
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Duan
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mendes-Silva AP, Nikolova YS, Rajji TK, Kennedy JL, Diniz BS, Gonçalves VF, Vieira EL. Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA in late-life depression: Implications for cognitive decline in older adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:217-224. [PMID: 38945405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted cellular communication, inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction are consistently observed in late-life depression (LLD). Exosomes (EXs) mediate cellular communication by transporting molecules, including mitochondrial DNA (EX-mtDNA), playing critical role in immunoregulation alongside tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Changes in EX-mtDNA are indicators of impaired mitochondrial function and might increase vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Our study examined EX-mtDNA levels and integrity, exploring their associations with levels of TNF receptors I and II (TNFRI and TNFRII), and clinical outcomes in LLD. METHODS Ninety older adults (50 LLD and 40 controls (HC)) participated in the study. Blood was collected and exosomes were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography. DNA was extracted and EX-mtDNA levels and deletion were assessed using qPCR. Plasma TNFRI and TNFRII levels were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Correlation analysis explored relationships between EX-mtDNA, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Although no differences were observed in EX-mtDNA levels between groups, elevated levels correlated with poorer cognitive performance (r = -0.328, p = 0.002) and increased TNFRII levels (r = 0.367, p = 0.004). LLD exhibited higher deletion rates (F(83,1) = 4.402, p = 0.039), with a trend remaining after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.084). Deletion correlated with poorer cognitive performance (r = -0.335, p = 0.002). No other associations were found. LIMITATION Cross-sectional study with a small number of participants from a specialized geriatric psychiatry treatment center. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that EX-mtDNA holds promise as an indicator of cognitive outcomes in LLD. Additional research is needed to further comprehend the role of EX-mtDNA levels/integrity in LLD, paving the way for its clinical application in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/blood
- Male
- Female
- Aged
- Cognitive Dysfunction/blood
- Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics
- Exosomes/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Aged, 80 and over
- Depression/blood
- Depression/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Biomarkers/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Mendes-Silva
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging & Department of Psychiatry, UConn School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Qi J, Li Q, Xin T, Lu Q, Lin J, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zhang F, Xing Y, Wang W, Cui D, Wang M. MCOLN1/TRPML1 in the lysosome: a promising target for autophagy modulation in diverse diseases. Autophagy 2024; 20:1712-1722. [PMID: 38522082 PMCID: PMC11262240 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2333715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MCOLN1/TRPML1 is a nonselective cationic channel specifically localized to the late endosome and lysosome. With its property of mediating the release of several divalent cations such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ from the lysosome to the cytosol, MCOLN1 plays a pivotal role in regulating a variety of cellular events including endocytosis, exocytosis, lysosomal biogenesis, lysosome reformation, and especially in Macroautophagy/autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that maintains cytoplasmic integrity by removing superfluous proteins and damaged organelles. Acting as the terminal compartments, lysosomes are crucial for the completion of the autophagy process. This review delves into the emerging role of MCOLN1 in controlling the autophagic process by regulating lysosomal ionic homeostasis, thereby governing the fundamental functions of lysosomes. Furthermore, this review summarizes the physiological relevance as well as molecular mechanisms through which MCOLN1 orchestrates autophagy, consequently influencing mitochondria turnover, cell apoptosis and migration. In addition, we have illustrated the implications of MCOLN1-regulated autophagy in the pathological process of cancer and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In summary, given the involvement of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of cancer and myocardial I/R injury, targeting MCOLN1 May provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Exploring the regulation of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in diverse diseases contexts will surely broaden our understanding of this pathway and offer its potential as a promising drug target.Abbreviation: CCCP:carbonyl cyanide3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ:chloroquine; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine;I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1:mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MLIV: mucolipidosis type IV; MTORC1:MTOR complex 1; ROS: reactive oxygenspecies; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianli Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiting Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China of Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoningChina
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4
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Wang Z, Song T, Zhang Z. Yeast Bxi1/Ybh3 mediates conserved mitophagy and apoptosis in yeast and mammalian cells: convergence in Bcl-2 family. Biol Chem 2024; 405:417-426. [PMID: 38465853 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of degrading unwanted or damaged mitochondria by autophagy, called mitophagy, is essential for mitochondrial quality control together with mitochondrial apoptosis. In mammalian cells, pan-Bcl-2 family members including conical Bcl-2 members and non-conical ones are involved in and govern the two processes. We have illustrated recently the BH3 receptor Hsp70 interacts with Bim to mediate both apoptosis and mitophagy. However, whether similar pathways exist in lower eukaryotes where conical Bcl-2 members are absent remained unclear. Here, a specific inhibitor of the Hsp70-Bim PPI, S1g-10 and its analogs were used as chemical tools to explore the role of yeast Bxi1/Ybh3 in regulating mitophagy and apoptosis. Using Om45-GFP processing assay, we illustrated that yeast Ybh3 mediates a ubiquitin-related mitophagy pathway in both yeast and mammalian cells through association with Hsp70, which is in the same manner with Bim. Moreover, by using Bax/Bak double knockout MEF cells, Ybh3 was identified to induce apoptosis through forming oligomerization to trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) like Bax. We not only illustrated a conserved ubiquitin-related mitophagy pathway in yeast but also revealed the multi-function of Ybh3 which combines the function of BH3-only protein and multi-domain Bax protein as one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Maojun Jiang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Linjie Yuan
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Song
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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5
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Totty M, Hicks SC, Guo B. SpotSweeper: spatially-aware quality control for spatial transcriptomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597765. [PMID: 38895212 PMCID: PMC11185656 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Quality control (QC) is a crucial step to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data obtained from RNA sequencing experiments, including spatially-resolved transcriptomics (SRT). Existing QC approaches for SRT that have been adopted from single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) methods are confounded by spatial biology and are inappropriate for SRT data. In addition, no methods currently exist for identifying histological tissue artifacts unique to SRT. Here, we introduce SpotSweeper, spatially-aware QC methods for identifying local outliers and regional artifacts in SRT. SpotSweeper evaluates the quality of individual spots relative to their local neighborhood, thus minimizing bias due to biological heterogeneity, and uses multiscale methods to detect regional artifacts. Using SpotSweeper on publicly available data, we identified a consistent set of Visium barcodes/spots as systematically low quality and demonstrate that SpotSweeper accurately identifies two distinct types of regional artifacts, resulting in improved downstream clustering and marker gene detection for spatial domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Totty
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Chen Q, Gao F, Wu J, Zhang K, Du T, Chen Y, Cai R, Zhao D, Deng R, Tang J. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation activity reveals positive immunomodulation and assists in identifying potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy resistance. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1735. [PMID: 38899748 PMCID: PMC11187817 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) plays a pivotal role in cellular death and immune activation. A deeper understanding of the impact of tumour MOMP on immunity will aid in guiding more effective immunotherapeutic strategies. METHODS A comprehensive pan-cancer dataset comprising 30 cancer-type transcriptomic cohorts, 20 immunotherapy transcriptomic cohorts and three immunotherapy scRNA-seq datasets was collected and analysed to determine the influence of tumour MOMP activity on clinical prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy effectiveness. Leveraging 65 scRNA-Seq datasets, the MOMP signature (MOMP.Sig) was developed to accurately reflect tumour MOMP activity. The clinical predictive value of MOMP.Sig was explored through machine learning models. Integration of the MOMP.Sig model and a pan-cancer immunotherapy CRISPR screen further investigated potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance, which subsequently underwent clinical validation. RESULTS Our research revealed that elevated MOMP activity reduces mortality risk in cancer patients, drives the formation of an anti-tumour immune environment and enhances the response to immunotherapy. This finding emphasises the potential clinical application value of MOMP activity in immunotherapy. MOMP.Sig, offering a more precise indicator of tumour cell MOMP activity, demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy in machine-learning models. Moreover, with the assistance of the MOMP.Sig model, FOXO1 was identified as a core modulator that promotes immune resistance. Finally, these findings were successfully validated in clinical immunotherapy cohorts of skin cutaneous melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances our understanding of MOMP activity in immune modulation, providing valuable insights for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies across diverse tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Fenglin Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junwan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Biotherapy Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruizhao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Dechang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Breast OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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7
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Gong QY, Wang W, Cai L, Jing Y, Yang DX, Yuan F, Tian HL, Ding J, Chen H, Xu ZM. Transplantation of astrocyte-derived mitochondria into injured astrocytes has a protective effect following stretch injury. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101902. [PMID: 38768694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public-health problem. Astrocytes, and their mitochondria, are important factors in the pathogenesis of TBI-induced secondary injury. Mitochondria extracted from healthy tissues and then transplanted have shown promise in models of a variety of diseases. However, the effect on recipient astrocytes is unclear. Here, we isolated primary astrocytes from newborn C57BL/6 mice, one portion of which was used to isolate mitochondria, and another was subjected to stretch injury (SI) followed by transplantation of the isolated mitochondria. After incubation for 12 h, cell viability, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, redox stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were improved. Live-cell imaging showed that the transplanted mitochondria were incorporated into injured astrocytes and fused with their mitochondrial networks, which was in accordance with the changes in the expression levels of markers of mitochondrial dynamics. The astrocytic IKK/NF-κB pathway was decelerated whereas the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway was accelerated by transplantation. Together, these results indicate that exogenous mitochondria from untreated astrocytes can be incorporated into injured astrocytes and fuse with their mitochondrial networks, improving cell viability by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, redox stress, calcium overload, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yuan Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Zong Y, Li H, Liao P, Chen L, Pan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Zheng M, Gao J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:124. [PMID: 38744846 PMCID: PMC11094169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, with their intricate networks of functions and information processing, are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. However, the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases. Nonetheless, these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets. In recent years, strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials. Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria, has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases. Mitochondrial components, including mtDNA, mitochondria-located microRNA, and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries. Here, we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases. We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies, as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents. Finally, this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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9
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Biswal P, Sahu MR, Ahmad MH, Mondal AC. The interplay between hippo signaling and mitochondrial metabolism: Implications for cellular homeostasis and disease. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101885. [PMID: 38643865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles producing energy for cellular metabolic processes. They orchestrate diverse cell signaling cascades regulating cellular homeostasis. This functional versatility may be attributed to their ability to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and apoptosis. The Hippo pathway, a conserved signaling pathway, regulates various cellular processes, including mitochondrial functions. Through its effectors YAP and TAZ, the Hippo pathway regulates transcription factors and creates a seriatim process that mediates cellular metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and survival. Mitochondrial dynamics also potentially regulates Hippo signaling activation, indicating a bidirectional relationship between the two. This review outlines the interplay between the Hippo signaling components and the multifaceted role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Biswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang C, Tang Y, Zhang C, Yu D, Hou S, Lin N. Comprehensive analysis of CYBB as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in glioma: A bioinformatics approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29549. [PMID: 38655339 PMCID: PMC11036048 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system, glioma is the most common malignant tumor, and patients have a poor prognosis. Identification of novel marker genes and establishment of prognostic models are important for early diagnosis and prognosis determination. Methods Download glioma data from the CGGA and TCG databases. Application of bioinformatics to analyze the impact of CYBB on the clinicopathological characteristics, immunological features and prognosis of gliomas. Using single-cell sequencing data from 7 glioblastoma patients in the CGGA database, the role of CYBB in the tumor microenvironment was analyzed. In addition, a prognostic model was constructed based on CYBB high and low differentially expressed genes and mitochondrial genes. Results The expression of CYBB is closely related to various clinical features, immune cell infiltration level, immune checkpoint and survival time of patients. A 10-gene prediction model was constructed based on the differentially expressed genes of low and high CYBB and mitochondria-related genes. Glioma patients with higher risk scores had significantly lower survival probabilities. Receiver operating characteristic curves and nomograms were plotted over time to show the predictive accuracy and predictive value of the 10-gene prognostic model. Conclusions Our study shows that CYBB is strongly correlated with clinical characteristics features and prognosis of glioma patients, and can be used as a potential therapeutic target. Prognostic models based on CYBB and mitochondrial genes have good performance in predicting prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Shiqiang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, 239000, China
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11
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Qin P, Li Q, Zu Q, Dong R, Qi Y. Natural products targeting autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC: a novel therapeutic strategy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1379698. [PMID: 38628670 PMCID: PMC11019012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1379698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant type. The roles of autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC present a dual and intricate nature. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis interconnect through diverse crosstalk molecules. Owing to their multitargeting nature, safety, and efficacy, natural products have emerged as principal sources for NSCLC therapeutic candidates. This review begins with an exploration of the mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis, proceeds to examine the crosstalk molecules between these processes, and outlines their implications and interactions in NSCLC. Finally, the paper reviews natural products that have been intensively studied against NSCLC targeting autophagy and apoptosis, and summarizes in detail the four most retrieved representative drugs. This paper clarifies good therapeutic effects of natural products in NSCLC by targeting autophagy and apoptosis and aims to promote greater consideration by researchers of natural products as candidates for anti-NSCLC drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Qin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qingchen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zu
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ruxue Dong
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanfu Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Hoogstraten CA, Hoenderop JG, de Baaij JHF. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Kidney Tubulopathies. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:379-403. [PMID: 38012047 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-025000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in kidney physiology and pathology. They produce ATP to fuel energy-demanding water and solute reabsorption processes along the nephron. Moreover, mitochondria contribute to cellular health by the regulation of autophagy, (oxidative) stress responses, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial abundance is particularly high in cortical segments, including proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Dysfunction of the mitochondria has been described for tubulopathies such as Fanconi, Gitelman, and Bartter-like syndromes and renal tubular acidosis. In addition, mitochondrial cytopathies often affect renal (tubular) tissues, such as in Kearns-Sayre and Leigh syndromes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction results in renal tubular diseases are only scarcely being explored. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of kidney tubulopathies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further mechanistic investigations to identify links between mitochondrial function and renal electrolyte reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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13
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Murphy MP, O'Neill LAJ. A break in mitochondrial endosymbiosis as a basis for inflammatory diseases. Nature 2024; 626:271-279. [PMID: 38326590 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria retain bacterial traits due to their endosymbiotic origin, but host cells do not recognize them as foreign because the organelles are sequestered. However, the regulated release of mitochondrial factors into the cytosol can trigger cell death, innate immunity and inflammation. This selective breakdown in the 2-billion-year-old endosymbiotic relationship enables mitochondria to act as intracellular signalling hubs. Mitochondrial signals include proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, metabolites and reactive oxygen species, which have many modes of release from mitochondria, and of decoding in the cytosol and nucleus. Because these mitochondrial signals probably contribute to the homeostatic role of inflammation, dysregulation of these processes may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A potential reason for the increased incidence of these diseases may be changes in mitochondrial function and signalling in response to such recent phenomena as obesity, dietary changes and other environmental factors. Focusing on the mixed heritage of mitochondria therefore leads to predictions for future insights, research paths and therapeutic opportunities. Thus, whereas mitochondria can be considered 'the enemy within' the cell, evolution has used this strained relationship in intriguing ways, with increasing evidence pointing to the recent failure of endosymbiosis being critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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14
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Mishra T, Gautam A, Ingle J, Basu S. Chimeric Small Molecules for Detouring Drugs into Mitochondria to Engender Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300603. [PMID: 37934785 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrion has appeared as one of the important targets for anti-cancer therapy. Subsequently, small molecule anti-cancer drugs are directed to the mitochondria for improved therapeutic efficacy. However, simultaneous imaging and impairing mitochondria by a single probe remained a major challenge. To address this, herein Chimeric Small Molecules (CSMs) encompassing drugs, fluorophore and mitochondria homing moiety were designed and synthesized through a concise strategy. Screening of the CSMs in a panel of cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7, A549, and HCT-116) revealed that one of the CSMs comprising Indomethacin V exhibited remarkable cervical cancer cell (HeLa) killing (IC50 =0.97 μM). This lead CSM homed into the mitochondria of HeLa cells within 1 h followed by mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This novel Indomethacin V-based CSM-mediated mitochondrial damage induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). We anticipate these CSMs can be used as tools to understand the drug effects in organelle chemical biology in diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Abhinav Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jaypalsing Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
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15
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Wang B, Zhang G, Hu Y, Mohsin A, Chen Z, Hao W, Li Z, Gao WQ, Guo M, Xu H. Uncovering impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal function in adipose-derived stem cells from obese individuals with altered biological activity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38185703 PMCID: PMC10773039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for treating various diseases. However, the differences between ADSCs from lean individuals (L-ADSCs) and those from obese individuals (O-ADSCs) have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly regarding their mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the differences between L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs in terms of cell biological activity, mitochondria, and lysosomes. METHODS We first isolated and cultured L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. We then compared the differences between the two groups in terms of biological activity, including cell proliferation, differentiation potential, and their effect on the polarization of macrophages. Additionally, we observed the mitochondrial and lysosomal morphology of ADSCs using an electronic microscope, MitoTracker Red, and lysotracker Red dyes. We assessed mitochondrial function by examining mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and cell energy metabolism. Lysosomal function was evaluated by measuring autophagy and phagocytosis. Finally, we performed transcriptome analysis of the ADSCs using RNA sequencing. RESULTS The biological activities of O-ADSCs were decreased, including cell immunophenotypic profiles, cell proliferation, and differentiation potential. Furthermore, compared to L-ADSCs, O-ADSCs promoted M1-type macrophage polarization and inhibited M2-type macrophage polarization. Additionally, the mitochondrial morphology of O-ADSCs was altered, with the size of the cells becoming smaller and mitochondrial fragments increasing. O-ADSCs also exhibited decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and energy metabolism. With respect to lysosomes, O-ADSCs contained ungraded materials in their lysosomes, enhanced lysosomal permeability, and reduced autophagy and phagocytosis ability. RNA sequence analysis indicated that the signalling pathways related to cell senescence, cancer, and inflammation were upregulated, whereas the signalling pathways associated with stemness, cell differentiation, metabolism, and response to stress and stimuli were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that ADSCs from individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2) exhibit impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal function with decreased biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Gorham IK, Reid DM, Sun J, Zhou Z, Barber RC, Phillips NR. Blood-Based mtDNA Quantification Indicates Population-Specific Differences Associated with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1407-1419. [PMID: 38250773 PMCID: PMC11315371 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is known to be the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Mexican Americans (MAs), who are one of the fastest-aging populations in the United States, are at a uniquely elevated risk. Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction are key players in the progression of AD and are also known to be impacted by lifestyle and environmental exposures/stressors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify population-specific differences in indicators of mitochondrial stress and dysfunction associated with AD risk that are detectable in the blood. METHODS Examining blood from both non-Hispanic white (NHW) and MA participants (N = 527, MA n = 284, NHW n = 243), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) copy numbers were assessed through quantitative PCR. Data was stratified by population and sample type, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors that may influence this phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS In the MA cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and body mass index, CDR sum of boxes score, the APOEɛ2/ɛ3 genotype, and education. Further, there was a significant relationship between cell-free mtDNA copy number and both education and CDR sum score. In the NHW cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and both age and CDR sum score. Age was associated with cell-free mtDNA in the NHW cohort. CONCLUSIONS This evidence supports the existence of population-based differences in the factors that are predictive of this blood-based phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be indicative of cognitive decline and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle K. Gorham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Robert C. Barber
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nicole R. Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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17
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Singh T, Bhattacharya M, Mavi AK, Gulati A, Rakesh, Sharma NK, Gaur S, Kumar U. Immunogenicity of cancer cells: An overview. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110952. [PMID: 38084844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune system assumes a pivotal role in the organism's capacity to discern and obliterate malignant cells. The immunogenicity of a cancer cell pertains to its proficiency in inciting an immunological response. The prowess of immunogenicity stands as a pivotal determinant in the triumph of formulating immunotherapeutic methodologies. Immunotherapeutic strategies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and on vaccines. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) epitomizes a form of cellular demise that incites an immune response against dying cells. ICD is characterized by the liberation of distinct specific molecules that activate the immune system, thereby leading to the identification and elimination of dying cells by immunocytes. One of the salient characteristics inherent to the ICD phenomenon resides in the vigorous liberation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular entities dedicated to embarking upon the process of programmed cell death, yet refraining from complete apoptotic demise. ICD is initiated by a sequence of molecular events that occur during cell death. These occurrences encompass the unveiling or discharge of molecules such as calreticulin, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from dying cells. These molecules act as "eat me" signals, which are recognized by immune cells, thereby prompting the engulfment and deterioration of expiring cells by phagocytes including various pathways such as Necroptosis, Apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Here, we review our current understanding of the pathophysiological importance of the immune responses against dying cells and the mechanisms underlying their activation. Overall, the ICD represents an important mechanism by which the immune system recognizes and eliminates dying cells, including cancer cells. Understanding the molecular events that underlie ICD bears the potential to engender innovative cancer therapeutics that harness the power of the immune system to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mavi
- Department of Botany, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Anita Gulati
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | - Rakesh
- Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sonal Gaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH9, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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Kumar S, Srivastava VK, Kaushik S, Saxena J, Jyoti A. Free Radicals, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sepsis-induced Organ Dysfunction: A Mechanistic Insight. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:161-168. [PMID: 38243948 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128279655231228055842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex clinical condition and a leading cause of death worldwide. During Sepsis, there is a derailment in the host response to infection, which can progress to severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction or failure, which leads to death. Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated predominantly in mitochondria, are one of the key players in impairing normal organ function in sepsis. ROS contributing to oxidative stress has been reported to be the main culprit in the injury of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, and other organs. Here in the present review, we describe the generation, and essential properties of various types of ROS, their effect on macromolecules, and their role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanism involved in the ROS-mediated pathogenesis of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | | | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
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19
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Yang RL, Chen SY, Fu SP, Zhao DZ, Wan WH, Yang K, Lei W, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang T. Antioxidant mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic potential in vitiligo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1293101. [PMID: 38178870 PMCID: PMC10764575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1293101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder caused by melanocyte damage or abnormal function. Reac-tive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative stress damage to melanocytes, which in turn induces vitiligo. Traditional treatments such as phototherapy, drugs, and other methods of treatment are long and result in frequent recurrences. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in the research of various disease treatments due to their excellent paracrine effects, making them a promising immunoregulatory and tissue repair strategy. Furthermore, an increasing body of evi-dence suggests that utilizing the paracrine functions of MSCs can downregulate oxidative stress in the testes, liver, kidneys, and other affected organs in animal models of certain diseases. Addition-ally, MSCs can help create a microenvironment that promotes tissue repair and regeneration in are-as with oxidative stress damage, improving the disordered state of the injured site. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in vitiligo and promising strategies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Si-yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - De-zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei-hong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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20
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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Mohamadynejad P. Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37998025 PMCID: PMC10669395 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The former conventional belief was that cell death resulted from either apoptosis or necrosis; however, in recent years, different pathways through which a cell can undergo cell death have been discovered. Various types of cell death are distinguished by specific morphological alterations in the cell's structure, coupled with numerous biological activation processes. Various diseases, such as cancers, can occur due to the accumulation of damaged cells in the body caused by the dysregulation and failure of cell death. Thus, comprehending these cell death pathways is crucial for formulating effective therapeutic strategies. We focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to various forms of cell death, encompassing apoptosis, anoikis, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, entosis, methuosis, paraptosis, mitoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
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21
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He SY, Liu RP, Wang CR, Wang XQ, Wang J, Xu YN, Kim NH, Han DW, Li YH. Improving the developmental competences of porcine parthenogenetic embryos by Notoginsenoside R1-induced enhancement of mitochondrial activity and alleviation of proapoptotic events. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1583-1594. [PMID: 37696770 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), derived from the Panax notoginseng root and rhizome, exhibits diverse pharmacological influences on the brain, neurons, and osteoblasts, such as antioxidant effects, mitochondrial function protection, energy metabolism regulation, and inhibition of oxygen radicals, apoptosis, and cellular autophagy. However, its effect on early porcine embryonic development remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated NGR1's effects on blastocyst quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial function, and embryonic development-related gene expression in porcine embryos by introducing NGR1 during the in vitro culture (IVC) of early porcine embryos. Our results indicate that an addition of 1 μM NGR1 significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels, blastocyst formation rate, and total cell number and proliferation capacity; decreased ROS levels and apoptosis rates in orphan-activated porcine embryos; and improved intracellular mitochondrial distribution, enhanced membrane potential, and reduced autophagy. In addition, pluripotency-related factor levels were elevated (NANOG and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [OCT4]), antioxidant-related genes were upregulated (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 [NRF2]), and apoptosis- (caspase 3 [CAS3]) and autophagy-related genes (light chain 3 [LC3B]) were downregulated. These results indicate that NGR1 can enhance early porcine embryonic development by protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Rong-Ping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chao-Rui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin-Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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22
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Ingle J, Uttam B, Panigrahi R, Khatua S, Basu S. Dog-bone shaped gold nanoparticle-mediated chemo-photothermal therapy impairs the powerhouse to trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9732-9741. [PMID: 37791575 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion has emerged as one of the uncommon targets in cancer therapeutics due to its involvement in cancer generation and progression. Consequently, nanoplatform mediated delivery of anti-cancer drugs into the mitochondria of cancer tissues demonstrated immense potential in cancer treatment. In the last couple of decades, gold nanoparticles have gained incredible attention in biomedical applications due to their easy synthesis, size-shape tenability, optical properties and outstanding photothermal ability. However, application of gold nanoparticles to target mitochondria to induce the chemo-photothermal effect in cancer has remained in its infancy. To address this, herein we have engineered dog-bone shaped gold nanoparticles (Mito-AuDB-NPs) comprising cisplatin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin as chemotherapeutic drugs along with the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation for mitochondria homing. Mito-AuDB-NPs exhibited a remarkable increase in temperature till 56 °C upon 18 min irradiation with 740 nm NIR LED light with a power density of 0.9 W cm-2. These Mito-AuDB-NPs successfully homed into the mitochondria of HeLa cervical cancer cells within 1 h and induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) under the chemo-photothermal effect leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This Mito-AuDB-NP-mediated mitochondrial damage triggered programmed cell death (apoptosis) by decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xl and increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX followed by caspase-3 cleavage towards extraordinary HeLa cell killing in a synergistic manner without showing toxicity towards non-cancerous RPE-1 human epithelial retinal pigment cells. We anticipate that this dog-bone shaped gold nanoparticle-mediated chemo-photothermal impairment of mitochondria in the cancer cells can open a new direction towards organelle targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaypalsing Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
| | - Bhawna Uttam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
| | - Reha Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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23
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Konaka H, Kato Y, Hirano T, Tsujimoto K, Park J, Koba T, Aoki W, Matsuzaki Y, Taki M, Koyama S, Itotagawa E, Jo T, Hirayama T, Kawai T, Ishii KJ, Ueda M, Yamaguchi S, Akira S, Morita T, Maeda Y, Nishide M, Nishida S, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A. Secretion of mitochondrial DNA via exosomes promotes inflammation in Behçet's syndrome. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112573. [PMID: 37661814 PMCID: PMC10577637 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage into the cytoplasm can occur when cells are exposed to noxious stimuli. Specific sensors recognize cytoplasmic mtDNA to promote cytokine production. Cytoplasmic mtDNA can also be secreted extracellularly, leading to sterile inflammation. However, the mode of secretion of mtDNA out of cells upon noxious stimuli and its relevance to human disease remain unclear. Here, we show that pyroptotic cells secrete mtDNA encapsulated within exosomes. Activation of caspase-1 leads to mtDNA leakage from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm via gasdermin-D. Caspase-1 also induces intraluminal membrane vesicle formation, allowing for cellular mtDNA to be taken up and secreted as exosomes. Encapsulation of mtDNA within exosomes promotes a strong inflammatory response that is ameliorated upon exosome biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. We further show that monocytes derived from patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder, show enhanced caspase-1 activation, leading to exosome-mediated mtDNA secretion and similar inflammation pathology as seen in BS patients. Collectively, our findings support that mtDNA-containing exosomes promote inflammation, providing new insights into the propagation and exacerbation of inflammation in human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Konaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Internal MedicineNippon Life HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Nishinomiya Municipal Central HospitalNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Kohei Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - JeongHoon Park
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Internal MedicineDaini Osaka Police HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Taro Koba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yusei Matsuzaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Eri Itotagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tatsunori Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takehiro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)IkomaJapan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine ScienceThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Division of Thermo‐Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Clinical Research CenterNational Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research InitiativesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease for Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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24
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Tummolo A, Melpignano L. The Reciprocal Interplay between Infections and Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2545. [PMID: 37894204 PMCID: PMC10608884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent the main cause of acute metabolic derangements and/or the worsening of the clinical course of many inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). The basic molecular mechanisms behind the role of infections in these conditions have not been completely clarified. This review points out the different mechanisms behind the relationship between IMDs and infections, providing an overview of this still-under-investigated area. Classically, infections have been considered as the consequence of a compromised immune system due to a biochemical defect of energy production. An adjunctive pathogenetic mechanism is related to a genetically altered protein-attached glycans composition, due to congenital glycosilation defects. In addition, a dietary regimen with a reduced intake of both micro- and macronutrients can potentially compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with an infection. There is recent pre-clinical evidence showing that during infections there may be a disruption of substrates of various metabolic pathways, leading to further cellular metabolic alteration. Therefore, infective agents may affect cellular metabolic pathways, by mediation or not of an altered immune system. The data reviewed here strongly suggest that the role of infections in many types of IMDs deserves greater attention for a better management of these disorders and a more focused therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Livio Melpignano
- Medical Direction, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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25
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Wang T, Yan L, Wang L, Sun J, Qu H, Ma Y, Song R, Tong X, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. VPS41-mediated incomplete autophagy aggravates cadmium-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132243. [PMID: 37562348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), an environmental heavy metal contaminant, is a serious threat to global health that increases the burden of liver diseases. Autophagy and apoptosis are important in Cd-induced liver injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the progression of Cd-induced liver damage are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of vacuolar protein sorting 41 (VPS41) in Cd-induced autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes. We used targeted VPS41 regulation to elucidate the mechanism of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Our data showed that Cd triggered incomplete autophagy by downregulating VPS41, aggravating Cd-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Cd-induced VPS41 downregulation interfered with the mTORC1-TFEB/TFE3 axis, leading to an imbalance in autophagy initiation and termination and abnormal activation of autophagy. Moreover, Cd-induced downregulation of VPS41 inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion, leading to blocked autophagic flux. This triggers incomplete autophagy, which causes excessive P62 accumulation, accelerating Caspase-9 (CASP9) cleavage. Incomplete autophagy blocks clearance of cleaved CASP9 (CL-CASP9) via the autophagic pathway, promoting apoptosis. Notably, VPS41 overexpression alleviated Cd-induced incomplete autophagy and apoptosis, independent of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex. This study provides a new mechanistic understanding of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that VPS41 is a new therapeutic target for Cd-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayi Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Hata M, Ueno J, Hitomi Y, Kodera M. Roles of DNA Target in Cancer Cell-Selective Cytotoxicity by Dicopper Complexes with DNA Target/Ligand Conjugates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28690-28701. [PMID: 37576680 PMCID: PMC10413468 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The DNA target/ligand conjugates (HLX, X = Pn and Mn, n = 1-3) were synthesized where various lengths of -CONH(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2NHCO- linkers with a 9-phenanthrenyl (P) or methyl (M) terminal as DNA targets replace the methyl group of 2,6-di(amide-tether cyclen)-p-cresol ligand (HL). DNA binding, DNA cleavage, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of [Cu2(μ-OH)(LX)](ClO4)2 (1X) are examined and compared with those of [Cu2(μ-OH)(L)](ClO4)2 (1) to clarify roles of DNA targets. Upon reaction of 1X with H2O2, μ-1,1-O2H complexes are formed for DNA cleavage. 1P1, 1P2, and 1P3 are 22-, 11-, 3-fold more active for conversion of Form II to III in the cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA with H2O2 than 1, where the short P-linker may fix a dicopper moiety within a small number of base pairs to facilitate DNA double-strand breaks (dsb). This enhances the proapoptotic activity of 1P1, 1P2, and 1P3, which are 30-, 12-, and 9.9-fold cytotoxic against HeLa cells than 1. DNA dsb and cytotoxicity are 44% correlated in 1P1-3 but 5% in 1M1-3, suggesting specific DNA binding of P-linkers and nonspecific binding of M-linkers in biological cells. 1P1-3 exert cancer cell-selective cytotoxicity against lung and pancreas cancer and normal cells where the short P-linker enhances the selectivity, but 1M1-3 do not. Intracellular visualization, apoptosis assay, and caspase activity assay clarify mitochondrial apoptosis caused by 1P1-3. The highest cancer cell selectivity of 1P1 may be enabled by the short P-linker promoting dsb of mitochondrial DNA with H2O2 increased by mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Hata
- Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Tatara-Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Jin Ueno
- Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Tatara-Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hitomi
- Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Tatara-Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - Masahito Kodera
- Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Tatara-Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
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27
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Pereira PML, Fernandes BT, dos Santos VR, Cabral WRC, Lovo-Martins MI, Alonso L, Lancheros CAC, de Paula JC, Camargo PG, Suzukawa HT, Alonso A, Macedo F, Nakamura CV, Tavares ER, de Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Yamauchi LM, Pinge-Filho P, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Antiprotozoal Activity of Benzoylthiourea Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into Mechanism of Action. Pathogens 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37623972 PMCID: PMC10457850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported that N-(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-1), N-(tert-butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-2), and (4-bromo-N-(3-nitrophenyl) carbamothioyl benzamide (BTU-3) present selective antiprotozoal activity against all developmental forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds through microscopy and biochemical analyses. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed nuclear disorganization, changes in the plasma membrane with the appearance of blebs and extracellular arrangements, intense vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, and formation of myelin-like structures. Biochemical results showed changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species content, lipid peroxidation, and plasma membrane fluidity. In addition, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was observed. These findings indicate that BTU-1, BTU-2, and BTU-3 induced profound morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical alterations in epimastigote forms, triggering an autophagic-dependent cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Morais Lopes Pereira
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Bruna Terci Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Vitória Ribeiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Weslei Roberto Correia Cabral
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Maria Isabel Lovo-Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Lais Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Priscila Goes Camargo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Helena Tiemi Suzukawa
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Antônio Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Fernando Macedo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Marcelle de Lima Ferreira Bispo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
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Traniello IM, Bukhari SA, Dibaeinia P, Serrano G, Avalos A, Ahmed AC, Sankey AL, Hernaez M, Sinha S, Zhao SD, Catchen J, Robinson GE. Single-cell dissection of aggression in honeybee colonies. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1232-1244. [PMID: 37264201 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how genotypic variation results in phenotypic variation is especially difficult for collective behaviour because group phenotypes arise from complex interactions among group members. A genome-wide association study identified hundreds of genes associated with colony-level variation in honeybee aggression, many of which also showed strong signals of positive selection, but the influence of these 'colony aggression genes' on brain function was unknown. Here we use single-cell (sc) transcriptomics and gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses to test the hypothesis that genetic variation for colony aggression influences individual differences in brain gene expression and/or gene regulation. We compared soldiers, which respond to territorial intrusion with stinging attacks, and foragers, which do not. Colony environment showed stronger influences on soldier-forager differences in brain gene regulation compared with brain gene expression. GRN plasticity was strongly associated with colony aggression, with larger differences in GRN dynamics detected between soldiers and foragers from more aggressive relative to less aggressive colonies. The regulatory dynamics of subnetworks composed of genes associated with colony aggression genes were more strongly correlated with each other across different cell types and brain regions relative to other genes, especially in brain regions involved with olfaction and vision and multimodal sensory integration, which are known to mediate bee aggression. These results show how group genetics can shape a collective phenotype by modulating individual brain gene regulatory network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Traniello
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | - Guillermo Serrano
- Computational Biology Program, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arian Avalos
- Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Amy Cash Ahmed
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alison L Sankey
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Computational Biology Program, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Computer Science, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sihai Dave Zhao
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Julian Catchen
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Entomology, UIUC, Urbana, IL, USA.
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29
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Farzaei MH, Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Ramezani-Aliakbari M, Zarei M, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I. Regulatory effects of trimetazidine in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1633-1646. [PMID: 36971866 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a tissue damage during reperfusion after an ischemic condition. I/R injury is induced by pathological cases including stroke, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, acute kidney injury, trauma, and sleep apnea. It can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the context of these processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of I/R insult, which is induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and autophagy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that play a main regulatory role in gene expression. Recently, there are evidence, which miRNAs are the major modulators of cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial I/R injury. Cardiovascular miRNAs, specifically miR-21, and probably miR-24 and miR-126 have protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a new class of metabolic agents with an anti-ischemic activity. It has beneficial effects on chronic stable angina by suppressing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The present review study addressed the different mechanistic effects of TMZ on cardiac I/R injury. Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were assessed for published studies between 1986 and 2021. TMZ, an antioxidant and metabolic agent, prevents the cardiac reperfusion injury by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), cystathionine-γ-lyase enzyme (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and miR-21. Therefore, TMZ protects the heart against I/R injury by inducing key regulators such as AMPK, CSE/H2S, and miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Basnet S, Mohanty C, Bochkov YA, Brockman-Schneider RA, Kendziorski C, Gern JE. Rhinovirus C causes heterogeneous infection and gene expression in airway epithelial cell subsets. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:386-398. [PMID: 36796588 PMCID: PMC10629931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhinoviruses infect ciliated airway epithelial cells, and rhinoviruses' nonstructural proteins quickly inhibit and divert cellular processes for viral replication. However, the epithelium can mount a robust innate antiviral immune response. Therefore, we hypothesized that uninfected cells contribute significantly to the antiviral immune response in the airway epithelium. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that both infected and uninfected cells upregulate antiviral genes (e.g. MX1, IFIT2, IFIH1, and OAS3) with nearly identical kinetics, whereas uninfected non-ciliated cells are the primary source of proinflammatory chemokines. Furthermore, we identified a subset of highly infectable ciliated epithelial cells with minimal interferon responses and determined that interferon responses originate from distinct subsets of ciliated cells with moderate viral replication. These findings suggest that the composition of ciliated airway epithelial cells and coordinated responses of infected and uninfected cells could determine the risk of more severe viral respiratory illnesses in children with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and genetically susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Chitrasen Mohanty
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Al Amir Dache Z, Thierry AR. Mitochondria-derived cell-to-cell communication. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112728. [PMID: 37440408 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their intracellular mobility, mitochondria and their components can exist outside the cells from which they originate. As a result, they are capable of acting on non-parental distant cells and mediate intercellular communication in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies. It has recently been demonstrated that this horizontal transfer governs a wide range of biological processes, such as tissue homeostasis, the rescue of injured recipient cells, and tumorigenesis. In addition, due to mitochondria's bacterial ancestry, they and their components can be recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by the immune cells, leading to inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the most current and significant findings concerning the different structures of extracellular mitochondria and their by-products and their functions in the physiological and pathological context. This account illustrates the ongoing expansion of our understanding of mitochondria's biological role and functions in mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Al Amir Dache
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1316, CNRS UMR7057, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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32
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Łapińska Z, Hetnał B, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. An overview of programmed cell death: Apoptosis and pyroptosis-Mechanisms, differences, and significance in organism physiology and pathophysiology. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37269535 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is an essential and heterogeneous process occurring in the life cycle of organisms, from embryonic development and aging to the regulation of homeostasis and organ maintenance. Under this term, we can distinguish many distinct pathways, including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Recently, there has been an increasing comprehension of the mechanisms governing these phenomena and their characteristic features. The coexistence of different types of cell death and the differences and similarities between them has been the subject of many studies. This review aims to present the latest literature in the field of pyroptosis and apoptosis and compare their molecular pathway's elements and significance in the physiology and pathophysiology of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Łapińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hetnał
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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33
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Miallot R, Millet V, Groult Y, Modelska A, Crescence L, Roulland S, Henri S, Malissen B, Brouilly N, Panicot-Dubois L, Vincentelli R, Sulzenbacher G, Finetti P, Dutour A, Blay JY, Bertucci F, Galland F, Naquet P. An OMA1 redox site controls mitochondrial homeostasis, sarcoma growth, and immunogenicity. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201767. [PMID: 37024121 PMCID: PMC10078952 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive tumors often display mitochondrial dysfunction. Upon oxidative stress, mitochondria undergo fission through OMA1-mediated cleavage of the fusion effector OPA1. In yeast, a redox-sensing switch participates in OMA1 activation. 3D modeling of OMA1 comforted the notion that cysteine 403 might participate in a similar sensor in mammalian cells. Using prime editing, we developed a mouse sarcoma cell line in which OMA1 cysteine 403 was mutated in alanine. Mutant cells showed impaired mitochondrial responses to stress including ATP production, reduced fission, resistance to apoptosis, and enhanced mitochondrial DNA release. This mutation prevented tumor development in immunocompetent, but not nude or cDC1 dendritic cell-deficient, mice. These cells prime CD8+ lymphocytes that accumulate in mutant tumors, whereas their depletion delays tumor control. Thus, OMA1 inactivation increased the development of anti-tumor immunity. Patients with complex genomic soft tissue sarcoma showed variations in the level of OMA1 and OPA1 transcripts. High expression of OPA1 in primary tumors was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival after surgery, and low expression of OPA1, with anti-tumor immune signatures. Targeting OMA1 activity may enhance sarcoma immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Groult
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Angelika Modelska
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Gerlind Sulzenbacher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dutour
- Childhood Cancers and Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Childhood Cancers and Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, UNICANCER & University Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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34
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Mertens RT, Gukathasan S, Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Awuah SG. Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6612-6667. [PMID: 37071737 PMCID: PMC10317554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The gold drugs, gold sodium thiomalate (Myocrisin), aurothioglucose (Solganal), and the orally administered auranofin (Ridaura), are utilized in modern medicine for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis; however, new gold agents have been slow to enter the clinic. Repurposing of auranofin in different disease indications such as cancer, parasitic, and microbial infections in the clinic has provided impetus for the development of new gold complexes for biomedical applications based on unique mechanistic insights differentiated from auranofin. Various chemical methods for the preparation of physiologically stable gold complexes and associated mechanisms have been explored in biomedicine such as therapeutics or chemical probes. In this Review, we discuss the chemistry of next generation gold drugs, which encompasses oxidation states, geometry, ligands, coordination, and organometallic compounds for infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, and as tools for chemical biology via gold-protein interactions. We will focus on the development of gold agents in biomedicine within the past decade. The Review provides readers with an accessible overview of the utility, development, and mechanism of action of gold-based small molecules to establish context and basis for the thriving resurgence of gold in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adedamola S Arojojoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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35
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondria Have Made a Long Evolutionary Path from Ancient Bacteria Immigrants within Eukaryotic Cells to Essential Cellular Hosts and Key Players in Human Health and Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4451-4479. [PMID: 37232752 PMCID: PMC10217700 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have made a long evolutionary path from ancient bacteria immigrants within the eukaryotic cell to become key players for the cell, assuming crucial multitasking skills critical for human health and disease. Traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in energy metabolism, these chemiosmotic machines that synthesize ATP are known as the only maternally inherited organelles with their own genome, where mutations can cause diseases, opening up the field of mitochondrial medicine. More recently, the omics era has highlighted mitochondria as biosynthetic and signaling organelles influencing the behaviors of cells and organisms, making mitochondria the most studied organelles in the biomedical sciences. In this review, we will especially focus on certain 'novelties' in mitochondrial biology "left in the shadows" because, although they have been discovered for some time, they are still not taken with due consideration. We will focus on certain particularities of these organelles, for example, those relating to their metabolism and energy efficiency. In particular, some of their functions that reflect the type of cell in which they reside will be critically discussed, for example, the role of some carriers that are strictly functional to the typical metabolism of the cell or to the tissue specialization. Furthermore, some diseases in whose pathogenesis, surprisingly, mitochondria are involved will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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36
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Miller WB. A scale-free universal relational information matrix (N-space) reconciles the information problem: N-space as the fabric of reality. Commun Integr Biol 2023; 16:2193006. [PMID: 37188326 PMCID: PMC10177686 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2023.2193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular measurement is a crucial faculty in living systems, and exaptations are acknowledged as a significant source of evolutionary innovation. However, the possibility that the origin of biological order is predicated on an exaptation of the measurement of information from the abiotic realm has not been previously explored. To support this hypothesis, the existence of a universal holographic relational information space-time matrix is proposed as a scale-free unification of abiotic and biotic information systems. In this framework, information is a universal property representing the interactions between matter and energy that can be subject to observation. Since observers are also universally distributed, information can be deemed the fundamental fabric of the universe. The novel concept of compartmentalizing this universal N-space information matrix into separate N-space partitions as nodes of informational density defined by Markov blankets and boundaries is introduced, permitting their applicability to both abiotic and biotic systems. Based on these N-space partitions, abiotic systems can derive meaningful information from the conditional settlement of quantum entanglement asymmetries and coherences between separately bounded quantum informational reference frames sufficient to be construed as a form of measurement. These conditional relationships are the precursor of the reiterating nested architecture of the N-space-derived information fields that characterize life and account for biological order. Accordingly, biotic measurement and biological N-space partitioning are exaptations of preexisting information processes within abiotic systems. Abiotic and biotic states thereby reconcile as differing forms of measurement of fundamental universal information. The essential difference between abiotic and biotic states lies within the attributes of the specific observer/detectors, thereby clarifying several contentious aspects of self-referential consciousness.
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37
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Guo Y, Hu Y, Huang Y, Huang L, Kanamaru H, Takemoto Y, Li H, Li D, Gu J, Zhang JH. Role of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ and PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:822-837. [PMID: 36481985 PMCID: PMC10275823 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) were shown to play an important role in the regulation of free radical-mediated pathology. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ERRγ activation against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, the time course of ERRs and SIRT3 and the effects of ERRγ activation were investigated. ERRγ agonist DY131, selective inhibitor GSK5182, or SIRT3 selective inhibitor 3-TYP were administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the rat model of SAH. The use of 3-TYP was for validating SIRT3 as the downstream signaling of ERRγ activation. Post-SAH assessments included SAH grade, neurological score, Western blot, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining in rats. In an vitro study, the ERRγ agonist DY131 and ERRγ siRNA were administered to primary cortical neurons stimulated by Hb, after which cell viability and neuronal deaths were accessed. Lastly, the brain ERRγ levels and neuronal death were accessed in SAH patients. We found that brain ERRγ expressions were significantly increased, but the expression of SIRT3 dramatically decreased after SAH in rats. In the brains of SAH rats, ERRγ was expressed primarily in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The activation of ERRγ with DY131 significantly improved the short-term and long-term neurological deficits, accompanied by reductions in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH in rats. DY131 treatment significantly increased the expressions of PGC-1α, SIRT3, and Bcl-2 while downregulating the expressions of 4-HNE and Bax. ERRγ antagonist GSK5182 and SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP abolished the neuroprotective effects of ERRγ activation in the SAH rats. An in vitro study showed that Hb stimulation significantly increased intracellular oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and DY131 reduced such elevations. Primary cortical neurons transfected with the ERRγ siRNA exhibited notable apoptosis and abolished the protective effect of DY131. The examination of SAH patients' brain samples revealed increases in ERRγ expressions and neuronal apoptosis marker CC3. We concluded that ERRγ activation with DY131 ameliorated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after the experimental SAH. The effects were, at least in part, through the ERRγ/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway. ERRγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Dujuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Mitofusin 1-Mediated Redistribution of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Promotes Type 1 Interferon Response in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023:e0461522. [PMID: 36939338 PMCID: PMC10100850 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04615-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most potent anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immune mechanisms possessed by host cells is type I interferon (IFN1), which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). During this process, mitochondria play an important role in the IFN1 response, and mitofusin 1 (MFN1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fusion located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the underlying mechanism of MFN1's promotion of IFN1 during HCMV infection still remains unknown. In this study, HCMV infection promoted IFN1 production and enhanced ISG expression. Meanwhile, it promoted the increase of mitochondrial fusion in THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), especially the expression of MFN1. Phosphorylation of tank binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3), and ISGs was significantly decreased in MFN1 or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-knockdown THP-1 cells, and MFN1 was constitutively associated with MAVS, positively regulated mitochondrial fusion, and IFN1 production. Knockdown of MFN1 inhibited the MAVS redistribution without affecting the MAVS expression, whereas the HCMV-induced IFN1 production decreased. Conversely, leflunomide could induce the expression of MFN1, thereby producing IFN1 and stimulating the expression of ISG in leflunomide-treated THP-1 cells. These observations reveal that HCMV infection leads to MFN1-mediated redistribution of MAVS and then induces an antiviral response of IFN1 and that the MFN-agonist leflunomide promotes IFN1 responses and may serve as a potential anti-HCMV therapy. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is ubiquitous and is often asymptomatic in healthy individuals, but it can cause great damage to newborns, AIDS patients, and other immune deficiency patients. In this study, we found that HCMV infection caused mitochondrial fusion, and expression of mitofusin 1 (MFN1), which is a protein associated with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), positively regulates mitochondrial fusion and HCMV-induced IFN1 response. Knockdown of MFN1 or MAVS can inhibit the HCMV-induced IFN1 production. What is more, confocal laser-scanning microscope showed that knockdown of MFN1 inhibits the HCMV-induced redistribution of MAVS. Conversely, MFN1 agonist leflunomide could induce IFN1 production. In conclusion, we provide new insight into the relationship between MFN1 and IFN1 during HCMV infection and show that MFN1 may serve as a potential strategy against HCMV infection.
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Li Y, Li X, Yi J, Cao Y, Qin Z, Zhong Z, Yang W. Nanoparticle-Mediated STING Activation for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2300260. [PMID: 36905358 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
As the first line of host defense against pathogenic infections, innate immunity plays a key role in antitumor immunotherapy. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS-STING) pathway has attracted much attention because of the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many STING agonists have been identified and applied into preclinical or clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. However, the fast excretion, low bioavailability, nonspecificity, and adverse effects of the small molecule STING agonists limit their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo application. Nanodelivery systems with appropriate size, charge, and surface modification are capable of addressing these dilemmas. In this review, the mechanism of the cGAS-STING pathway is discussed and the STING agonists, focusing on nanoparticle-mediated STING therapy and combined therapy for cancers, are summarized. Finally, the future direction and challenges of nano-STING therapy are expounded, emphasizing the pivotal scientific problems and technical bottlenecks and hoping to provide general guidance for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,The Center of Infection and Immunity, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,The Center of Infection and Immunity, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinmeng Yi
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,The Center of Infection and Immunity, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yongjian Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,The Center of Infection and Immunity, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Weijing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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40
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Jacquet A. The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:48-60. [PMID: 36889186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) encloses an explosive cocktail of allergenic proteins sensitizing hundreds of millions of people worldwide. To date, the innate cellular and molecular mechanism(s) orchestrating the HDM-induced allergic inflammation remains partially deciphered. Understanding the kaleidoscope of HDM-induced innate immune responses is hampered by (1) the large complexity of the HDM allergome with very diverse functional bioreactivities, (2) the perpetual presence of microbial compounds (at least LPS, β-glucan, chitin) promoting as well pro-Th2 innate signaling pathways and (3) multiple cross-talks involving structural, neuronal and immune cells. The present review provides an update on the innate immune properties, identified so far, of multiple HDM allergen groups. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of HDM allergens displaying protease or lipid-binding activities on the initiation of the allergic responses. Specifically, group 1 HDM cysteine proteases are considered as the key initiators of the allergic response through their capacities to impair the epithelial barrier integrity, to stimulate the release of pro-Th2 danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in epithelial cells, to produce super-active forms of IL-33 alarmin and to mature thrombin leading to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Remarkably, the recently evidenced primary sensing of cysteine protease allergens by nociceptive neurons confirms the critical role of this HDM allergen group in the early events leading to Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Dong W, Zhang W, Yuan L, Xie Y, Li Y, Li K, Zhu W. Rescuers from the Other Shore: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications in Central Nervous System Injury and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023. [PMID: 36867301 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
As the powerhouse and core of cellular metabolism and survival, mitochondria are the essential organelle in mammalian cells and maintain cellular homeostasis by changing their content and morphology to meet demands through mitochondrial quality control. It has been observed that mitochondria can move between cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which provides a novel strategy for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for applications in clinical settings. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize currently known mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, including modes, triggers, and functions. Due to the highly demanded energy and indispensable intercellular linkages of the central nervous system (CNS), we highlight the mitochondrial transfer in CNS. We also discuss future application possibilities and difficulties that need to be addressed in the treatment of CNS injury and diseases. This clarification should shed light on its potential clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), and its alteration is related to several neurological diseases. Supplementing exogenous mitochondrial donor cells and mitochondria, or utilizing some medications to regulate the process of transfer might mitigate the disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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42
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Bagheri S, Samiee S, Zarif MN, Deyhim MR. The evaluation of reactive oxygen species generation and free mitochondrial DNA in platelet concentrates during 5 days of storage. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:105-110. [PMID: 36719807 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are causes of platelet storage lesions (PSLs). Mitochondrial damage causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to be released into the extracellular space. MtDNA in platelet concentrates is considered damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and is one of the major causes of PSLs. The mechanism of mtDNA release in platelet concentrates has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to determine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mtDNA release in platelet concentrates during storage. Ten platelet concentrates from healthy donors were obtained in this investigation. Platelet concentrates were prepared by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stored at 22 ± 2 C° with gentle agitation. Platelet concentrates were subjected to flow cytometry and real-time PCR to evaluate total ROS and free mtDNA on days 0, 3, and 5 of platelet concentrate storage. Total ROS detected significantly increased from day 0 to day 5 of platelet concentrate storage (P = 0.0079). The mean of copy numbers of free mtDNA on day 0 increased from 3.43 × 106 ± 1.57 × 106 to 2.85 × 107 ± 1.51 × 107 (molecules/μl) on the fifth day of platelet concentrate storage, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.0039). In addition, LDH enzyme activity significantly increased during platelet concentrate storage (P < 0.0001). Also, releasing mtDNA in platelet concentrates was directly correlated with total ROS generation (P = 0.021, r = 0.61) and LDH activity (P = 0.04, r = 0.44). The evidence from this study confirmed the increasing level mtDNA copy numbers in platelet concentrates during storage, and the amount of free mtDNA is directly correlated with ROS generation and platelet lysis during 5 days of platelet concentrate storage. Finally, these changes may be related to DAMPs in the platelet concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Bagheri
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Carbon Monoxide Stimulates Both Mitophagy And Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Mediate Protection Against Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:851-863. [PMID: 36378469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key glial cells for the metabolic and functional support of the brain. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC), in particular the balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, is a major event for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that inhibits cell death and inflammation by targeting mitochondria. It is well established that CO promotes cytoprotection by increasing mitochondrial population and metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation). Thus, it is hypothesized that CO-induced cytoprotection may also be mediated by the balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, the carbon monoxide releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) was used in primary cultures of astrocytes to assess CO role on mitochondrial turnover. PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy was stimulated by CORM-A1 following 1 h of treatment. While at 24 h after treatment, CORM-A1 increased mitochondrial population, which may indicate mitochondrial biogenesis. In fact, mitochondrial biogenesis was confirmed by the enhancement of PGC-1α expression that upregulates several mitochondrial transcription factors. Furthermore, inhibition of mitophagy by knocking down PINK1 expression reverted CO-induced mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that mitochondrial turnover is dependent on modulation of mitophagy. Finally, CORM-A1 prevented astrocytic cell death induced by oxidative stress in a mitophagy-dependent manner. In fact, whenever PINK1 was knocked down, CORM-A1-induced cytoprotection was lost. In summary, CORM-A1 stimulates mitochondrial turnover, which in turn prevents astrocytic cell death. CO cytoprotection depends on increasing mitochondrial population and on eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria.
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44
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Shehata WA, Hammam MA, Abdo A, Tayel N, Abdelsattar S. Mitochondrial DNA copy number as a diagnostic marker and indicator of degree of severity in alopecia areata. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:256-268. [PMID: 36681933 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2168557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a disorder with several etiologies. The evidence suggests that the absolute copy number of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA), as well as proportion of mutated mtDNA copies, determines disease onset. This study aims to quantify the relative index of the mtDNA copy number in patients with AA and healthy controls and correlate the results with the existing clinical information. This case-control study included 50 patients with AA and 50 age- and sex-coordinated healthy persons as controls. The severity of AA was weighed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool and Kavak's classification. The relative index of the mtDNA copy number was measured by real-time qPCR. Significant statistical difference was observed between cases and controls regarding mean mtDNA copy number, p < .001. There was significant positive correlation with SALT score (p = 0.001). A cutoff value of >1.619 N/µL could significantly diagnose AA cases (p < .001), and a cutoff value of > 1.36 N/µL could discriminate mild AA cases from those with moderate AA (p = 0.007). The relative index of mtDNA copy number is significantly elevated in AA cases and could be helpful in diagnosing and evaluating AA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Ahmed Shehata
- Dermatology, Andrology & STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Hammam
- Dermatology, Andrology & STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdo
- General Practitioner in Health Sector, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nermin Tayel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Liu AR, Lv Z, Yan ZW, Wu XY, Yan LR, Sun LP, Yuan Y, Xu Q. Association of mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamic balance with malignant biological behaviors of gastrointestinal cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:27. [PMID: 36647167 PMCID: PMC9843870 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria determine the physiological status of most eukaryotes. Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and the disorder in mitochondrial dynamics could affect cellular energy metabolism leading to tumorigenesis. In recent years, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics has been found to influence the biological behaviors of gastrointestinal cancer with the potential to be a novel target for its individualized therapy. This review systematically introduced the role of mitochondrial dynamics in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and further elaborated the effects of disrupted mitochondrial dynamics on the cellular biological behaviors of gastrointestinal cancer as well as its association with cancer progression. We aim to provide clues for elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancer from the perspective of mitochondrial homeostasis and disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-ran Liu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Zhi Lv
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Zi-wei Yan
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xiao-yang Wu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Li-rong Yan
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Li-ping Sun
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Qian Xu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People’s Republic of China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China ,grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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Ingle J, Sengupta P, Basu S. Illuminating Sub-Cellular Organelles by Small Molecule AIEgens. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200370. [PMID: 36161823 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sub-cellular organelles play a critical role in a myriad biological phenomena. Consequently, organelle structures and functions are invariably highjacked in diverse diseases including metabolic disorders, aging, and cancer. Hence, illuminating organelle dynamics is crucial in understanding the diseased states as well as developing organelle-targeted next generation therapeutics. In this review, we outline the novel small molecules which show remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties due to restriction in intramolecular motion (RIM). We outline the examples of small molecules developed to image organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes, nucleus, cell membrane and lipid droplets. These AIEgens have tremendous potential for next-generation phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaypalsing Ingle
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Poulomi Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
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Cordes M, Pike-Overzet K, Van Den Akker EB, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. Multi-omic analyses in immune cell development with lessons learned from T cell development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163529. [PMID: 37091971 PMCID: PMC10118026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, flow cytometry has been the preferred method to characterize immune cells at the single-cell level. Flow cytometry is used in immunology mostly to measure the expression of identifying markers on the cell surface, but-with good antibodies-can also be used to assess the expression of intracellular proteins. The advent of single-cell RNA-sequencing has paved the road to study immune development at an unprecedented resolution. Single-cell RNA-sequencing studies have not only allowed us to efficiently chart the make-up of heterogeneous tissues, including their most rare cell populations, it also increasingly contributes to our understanding how different omics modalities interplay at a single cell resolution. Particularly for investigating the immune system, this means that these single-cell techniques can be integrated to combine and correlate RNA and protein data at the single-cell level. While RNA data usually reveals a large heterogeneity of a given population identified solely by a combination of surface protein markers, the integration of different omics modalities at a single cell resolution is expected to greatly contribute to our understanding of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Cordes
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erik B. Van Den Akker
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frank J. T. Staal,
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Khan MM, Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1100-1116. [PMID: 36089791 PMCID: PMC10286589 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x05666220908100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a diseasemodifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Li Z, Pan H, Yang J, Chen D, Wang Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y. Xuanfei Baidu formula alleviates impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activated NLRP3 inflammasome by repressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-induced ALI and inflammation models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154545. [PMID: 36423572 PMCID: PMC9643338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuanfei Baidu Formula (XBF) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. This herbal medicine has shown effects in reducing clinical symptoms and shortening the average length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that XBF alleviates acute lung injury (ALI) by regulating macrophage-mediated immune inflammation, but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the lung-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of XBF and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Here, XBF's effects were investigated in an ALI mouse model induced by inhalation of atomized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, the LPS-induced inflammation model in RAW264.7 cells was used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of XBF against ALI. RESULTS Our results showed that XBF treatment alleviated LPS-induced lung injury, as evidenced by reduced histopathological changes, pulmonary alveoli permeability, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the lung tissues. In addition, inflammation was alleviated as shown by decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and reduced white blood cell (WBC) count in BALF. Furthermore, consistent with the in vivo assay, XBF inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines release and pro-inflammatory polarization in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, XBF increased mitochondrial fusion by upregulating Mfn1 and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by repressing Casp11, respectively, to inhibit NF-κB and MAPK pathways, thus repressing pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrate that XBF exerts anti-ALI and -inflammatory effects by recovering mitochondrial dynamics and reducing inflammasome activation, providing a biological illustration of the clinical efficacy of XBF in treating COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Haitao Pan
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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50
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Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416219. [PMID: 36555859 PMCID: PMC9784569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
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