1
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Katzir T, Shrem G, Meirow D, Berkowitz E, Elizur S, Cohen S, Burke Y, Retchkiman M, Or Y, Volodarsky-Perel A. Fertility preservation parameters in patients with haematologic malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:103978. [PMID: 38805862 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Patients with haematologic malignancies represent one of the most common groups referred for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic oncological treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of haematologic cancer on ovarian reserve and response to ovarian stimulation compared with healthy controls. A total of eight observative studies were included in the final quantitative analysis. Despite a younger age (mean difference -4.17, 95% CI -6.20 to -2.14; P < 0.0001), patients with haematologic malignancy had lower serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels compared with the control group (MD -1.04, 95% CI -1.80 to -0.29; P = 0.007). The marginally higher total recombinant FSH dose (MD 632.32, 95% CI -187.60 to 1452.24; P = 0.13) and significantly lower peak oestradiol serum level (MD -994.05, 95% CI -1962.09 to -26.02; P = 0.04) were demonstrated in the study group compared with the healthy controls. A similar number of retrieved oocytes were achieved in both groups (MD 0.20, 95% CI -0.80 to 1.20; P = 0.69). In conclusion, haematologic malignancies may detrimentally affect ovarian function manifesting in decreased AMH serum levels despite a younger age compared with healthy controls. This effect can be overcome by the application of relevant IVF protocols and stimulation doses to achieve an adequate oocyte yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Katzir
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Shrem
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Meirow
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Berkowitz
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Elizur
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Cohen
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yechiel Burke
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Retchkiman
- Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Or
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Volodarsky-Perel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel..
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2
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Zhang Y, Cheng K, Choi J. TCR Pathway Mutations in Mature T Cell Lymphomas. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1450-1458. [PMID: 37931208 PMCID: PMC10715708 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mature T cell lymphomas are heterogeneous neoplasms that are aggressive and resistant to treatment. Many of these cancers retain immunological properties of their cell of origin. They express cytokines, cytotoxic enzymes, and cell surface ligands normally induced by TCR signaling in untransformed T cells. Until recently, their molecular mechanisms were unclear. Recently, high-dimensional studies have transformed our understanding of their cellular and genetic characteristics. Somatic mutations in the TCR signaling pathway drive lymphomagenesis by disrupting autoinhibitory domains, increasing affinity to ligands, and/or inducing TCR-independent signaling. Collectively, most of these mutations augment signaling pathways downstream of the TCR. Emerging data suggest that these mutations not only drive proliferation but also determine lymphoma immunophenotypes. For example, RHOA mutations are sufficient to induce disease-relevant CD4+ T follicular helper cell phenotypes. In this review, we describe how mutations in the TCR signaling pathway elucidate lymphoma pathophysiology but also provide insights into broader T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Prediction of Regulatory SNPs in Putative Minor Genes of the Neuro-Cardiovascular Variant in Fabry Reveals Insights into Autophagy/Apoptosis and Fibrosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091287. [PMID: 36138766 PMCID: PMC9495465 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Even though a mutation in monogenic diseases leads to a “classic” manifestation, many disorders exhibit great clinical variability that could be due to modifying genes also called minor genes. Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error resulting from the deficient or absent activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GAL) enzyme, that leads to deposits of globotriaosylceramide. With our proprietary software SNPclinic v.1.0, we analyzed 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proximal promoter of 14 genes that could modify the FD phenotype FD. We found seven regulatory-SNP (rSNPs) in three genes (IL10, TGFB1 and EDN1) in five cell lines relevant to FD (Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, Astrocytes-cerebellar, endothelial cells and T helper cells 1-TH1). Each SNP was confirmed as a true rSNP in public eQTL databases, and additional software suggested the prediction of variants. The two proposed rSNPs in IL10, could explain components for the regulation of active B cells that influence the fibrosis process. The three predicted rSNPs in TGFB1, could act in apoptosis-autophagy regulation. The two putative rSNPs in EDN1, putatively regulate chronic inflammation. The seven rSNPs described here could act to modulate Fabry’s clinical phenotype so we propose that IL10, TGFB1 and EDN1 be considered minor genes in FD.
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4
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Sheng M, Cai H, Yang Q, Li J, Zhang J, Liu L. A Random Walk-Based Method to Identify Candidate Genes Associated With Lymphoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:792754. [PMID: 34899868 PMCID: PMC8655984 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.792754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a serious type of cancer, especially for adolescents and elder adults, although this malignancy is quite rare compared with other types of cancer. The cause of this malignancy remains ambiguous. Genetic factor is deemed to be highly associated with the initiation and progression of lymphoma, and several genes have been related to this disease. Determining the pathogeny of lymphoma by identifying the related genes is important. In this study, we presented a random walk-based method to infer the novel lymphoma-associated genes. From the reported 1,458 lymphoma-associated genes and protein–protein interaction network, raw candidate genes were mined by using the random walk with restart algorithm. The determined raw genes were further filtered by using three screening tests (i.e., permutation, linkage, and enrichment tests). These tests could control false-positive genes and screen out essential candidate genes with strong linkages to validate the lymphoma-associated genes. A total of 108 inferred genes were obtained. Analytical results indicated that some inferred genes, such as RAC3, TEC, IRAK2/3/4, PRKCE, SMAD3, BLK, TXK, PRKCQ, were associated with the initiation and progression of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Rigotto G, Montini B, Mattiolo A, Lazzari N, Piano MA, Remondini D, Marmiroli S, Bertacchini J, Chieco-Bianchi L, Calabrò ML. Mechanisms Involved in the Promoting Activity of Fibroblasts in HTLV-1-Mediated Lymphomagenesis: Insights into the Plasticity of Lymphomatous Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10562. [PMID: 34638901 PMCID: PMC8508730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the mechanisms leading to progression to Adult T-cell Leukaemia/Lymphoma in Human T-cell Leukaemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected subjects, the contribution of stromal components remains poorly understood. To dissect the role of fibroblasts in HTLV-1-mediated lymphomagenesis, transcriptome studies, cytofluorimetric and qRT-PCR analyses of surface and intracellular markers linked to plasticity and stemness in coculture, and in vivo experiments were performed. A transcriptomic comparison between a more lymphomagenic (C91/III) and the parental (C91/PL) cell line evidenced hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, confirmed by phospho-ELISA and 2-DE and WB analyses. C91/III cells also showed higher expression of mesenchymal and stemness genes. Short-term coculture with human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) induced these features in C91/PL cells, and significantly increased not only the cancer stem cells (CSCs)-supporting CD10+GPR77+ HFF subpopulation, but also the percentage of ALDH1bright C91/PL cells. A non-cytotoxic acetylsalicylic acid treatment decreased HFF-induced ALDH1bright C91/PL cells, downregulated mesenchymal and stemness genes in cocultured cells, and delayed lymphoma growth in immunosuppressed mice, thus hindering the supportive activity of HFF on CSCs. These data suggest that crosstalk with HFF significantly intensifies the aggressiveness and plasticity of C91/PL cells, leading to the enrichment in lymphoma-initiating cells. Additional research is needed to better characterize these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rigotto
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Barbara Montini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Nayana Lazzari
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Maria Assunta Piano
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuronal Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuronal Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Luigi Chieco-Bianchi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.A.P.)
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6
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Almotiri A, Alzahrani H, Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Abdelfattah A, Alotaibi B, Saleh L, Greene A, Georgiou M, Gibbs A, Alsayari A, Taha S, Thomas LA, Shah D, Edkins S, Giles P, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Boyd AS, Siebzehnrubl FA, Rodrigues NP. Zeb1 modulates hematopoietic stem cell fates required for suppressing acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:129115. [PMID: 33108352 PMCID: PMC7773410 DOI: 10.1172/jci129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb1, a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, confers properties of "stemness," such as self-renewal, in cancer. Yet little is known about the function of Zeb1 in adult stem cells. Here, we used the hematopoietic system as a well-established paradigm of stem cell biology to evaluate Zeb1-mediated regulation of adult stem cells. We employed a conditional genetic approach using the Mx1-Cre system to specifically knock out (KO) Zeb1 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their downstream progeny. Acute genetic deletion of Zeb1 led to rapid-onset thymic atrophy and apoptosis-driven loss of thymocytes and T cells. A profound cell-autonomous self-renewal defect and multilineage differentiation block were observed in Zeb1-KO HSCs. Loss of Zeb1 in HSCs activated transcriptional programs of deregulated HSC maintenance and multilineage differentiation genes and of cell polarity consisting of cytoskeleton-, lipid metabolism/lipid membrane-, and cell adhesion-related genes. Notably, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression was prodigiously upregulated in Zeb1-KO HSCs, which correlated with enhanced cell survival, diminished mitochondrial metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and differentiation capacity and an activated transcriptomic signature associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) signaling. ZEB1 expression was downregulated in AML patients, and Zeb1 KO in the malignant counterparts of HSCs - leukemic stem cells (LSCs) - accelerated MLL-AF9- and Meis1a/Hoxa9-driven AML progression, implicating Zeb1 as a tumor suppressor in AML LSCs. Thus, Zeb1 acts as a transcriptional regulator in hematopoiesis, critically coordinating HSC self-renewal, apoptotic, and multilineage differentiation fates required to suppress leukemic potential in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,College of Applied Medical Sciences-Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Alzahrani
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Badi Alotaibi
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lubaid Saleh
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adelle Greene
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mia Georgiou
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amani Alsayari
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarab Taha
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Shah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Giles
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashleigh S Boyd
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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7
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Li H, Zou J, Yu XH, Ou X, Tang CK. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and atherosclerosis: New insights and therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4216-4230. [PMID: 33275290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), an important transcription factor belonging to the ZEB family, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression required for both normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that ZEB1 participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that ZEB1 protects against atherosclerosis by regulation of endothelial cell angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, macrophage lipid accumulation, macrophage polarization, monocyte-vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) interaction, VSMC proliferation and migration, and T cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ZEB1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide insights into the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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8
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Uotila PM, Lemma SA, Haapasaari KM, Porvari K, Skarp S, Soini Y, Jantunen E, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Prognostic significance of Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:241-246. [PMID: 32567520 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1780754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the protein expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factors (TFs) Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) and their correlation with clinical parameters. Methods: The expression of these TFs was studied in 53 diagnostic biopsy specimens of several different PTCL subtypes with immunohistochemistry. Patient data were retrospectively collected from patient records and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: All three TFs were widely expressed. ZEB1 and Slug had correlations with clinical outcome. In all PTCL cases, high nuclear ZEB1 percentage correlated with a favorable progression-free survival (PFS) (3-year PFS: 70% vs. 34%; P = 0.010) and strong nuclear Slug intensity correlated with an unfavorable PFS (3-year PFS: 17% vs. 62%; P = 0.036). Discussion: The correlations between PFS and ZEB1 or Slug protein expression have not previously been established in PTCLs. The impact of ZEB1 and Slug expression on prognosis differed from our findings in DLBCL and the impact of ZEB1 expression was in line with current studies on mycosis fungoides and sézary syndrome. The findings may be explained by the roles these TFs play in hematopoiesis. Conclusion: ZEB1 and Slug may have potential clinical value for evaluating prognosis in PTCLs. The study size was small and heterogenous, and larger studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry M Uotila
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siria A Lemma
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Katja Porvari
- Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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9
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Thakur N, Hamidi A, Song J, Itoh S, Bergh A, Heldin CH, Landström M. Smad7 Enhances TGF-β-Induced Transcription of c-Jun and HDAC6 Promoting Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101470. [PMID: 32888405 PMCID: PMC7520897 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells, causing life-threatening metastasis. Smad7 expression is induced by TGF-β to control TGF-β signaling in a negative feedback manner. Here we report an additional function of Smad7, i.e., to enhance TGF-β induction of c-Jun and HDAC6 via binding to their regulatory regions, promoting migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Lysine 102 in Smad7 is crucial for binding to specific consensus sites in c-Jun and HDAC6, even when endogenous Smad2, 3, and 4 were silenced by siRNA. A correlation between the mRNA expression of Smad7 and HDAC6, Smad7 and c-Jun, and c-Jun and HDAC6 was found in public databases from analyses of prostate cancer tissues. High expression of Smad7, HDAC6, and c-Jun correlated with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer. The knowledge that Smad7 can activate transcription of proinvasive genes leading to prostate cancer progression provides clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Thakur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Intrinsic Balance between ZEB Family Members Is Important for Melanocyte Homeostasis and Melanoma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082248. [PMID: 32796736 PMCID: PMC7465899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear that cellular plasticity is a main driver of cancer therapy resistance. Consequently, there is a need to mechanistically identify the factors driving this process. The transcription factors of the zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox family, consisting of ZEB1 and ZEB2, are notorious for their roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, in melanoma, an intrinsic balance between ZEB1 and ZEB2 seems to determine the cellular state by modulating the expression of the master regulator of melanocyte homeostasis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). ZEB2 drives MITF expression and is associated with a differentiated/proliferative melanoma cell state. On the other hand, ZEB1 is correlated with low MITF expression and a more invasive, stem cell-like and therapy-resistant cell state. This intrinsic balance between ZEB1 and ZEB2 could prove to be a promising therapeutic target for melanoma patients. In this review, we will summarise what is known on the functional mechanisms of these transcription factors. Moreover, we will look specifically at their roles during melanocyte-lineage development and homeostasis. Finally, we will overview the current literature on ZEB1 and ZEB2 in the melanoma context and link this to the 'phenotype-switching' model of melanoma cellular plasticity.
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Volodarsky-Perel A, Tulandi T, Son WY, Khojah M, Buckett W. Impact of extent and biochemical parameters of lymphoma on fertility preservation outcome. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:400-407.e1. [PMID: 32106993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of lymphoma aggressiveness on ovarian response during fertility preservation treatment. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University-affiliated tertiary hospital. PATIENT(S) Women with lymphoma who underwent ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in the period from 2009 to 2018. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome: the number of mature oocytes; secondary outcomes: the number of retrieved oocytes, estradiol level, and number of follicles >14 mm on the day of oocyte maturation trigger. RESULT(S) Patients with stage I-II lymphoid neoplasms (localized disease) were compared with those with stage III-IV lymphomas (advanced disease). Women with favorable levels of biochemical prognostic markers were also compared with those with unfavorable levels. Women with favorable levels of biochemical prognostic markers (n = 74) had a higher number of mature oocytes compared with patients with unfavorable serum levels (n = 67): 11 (7.8-16) versus 9 (5-11), respectively. The number of mature oocytes was similar between patients with localized (n = 75) and advanced (n = 66) lymphomas. Women with unfavorable combination of stage and biochemical factors had lower number of mature oocytes compared to patients with favorable combination: 8 (5-10) versus 11 (7-16), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that favorable levels of biochemical markers as well as a combination of extent and biochemical parameters were statistically significantly associated with the result of over 10 mature oocytes. CONCLUSION(S) Highly-aggressive lymphoid neoplasms have a negative impact on ovarian function and response during fertility preservation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Togas Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weon-Young Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Khojah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William Buckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhou T, Yu L, Huang J, Zhao X, Li Y, Hu Y, Lei Y. GDF10 inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer via upregulation of Smad7. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3298-3314. [PMID: 31147529 PMCID: PMC6555447 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cannot be treated with current hormonal therapies and has a higher risk of relapse than other breast cancers. To identify potential therapeutic targets for TNBC, we conducted microRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in human TNBC specimens and tumor-matched controls. We found that growth differentiation factor-10 (GDF10), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, was downregulated in tumor samples. Further analysis of GDF10 expression in a larger set of clinical TNBC samples using qPCR confirmed its downregulation and association with parameters of disease severity. Using human-derived TNBC cell lines, we carried out GDF10 under- and overexpression experiments, which showed that GDF10 loss promoted cell proliferation and invasion. By contrast, overexpression of GDF10 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) via upregulation of Smad7 and E-Cadherin, downregulation of p-Smad2 and N-Cadherin, and reduction of nuclear Smad4 expression. In addition, overexpression of GDF10 reduced tumor burden and induced apoptosis in a TNBC xenograft mouse model. These findings indicate that GDF10 acts as a tumor suppressor in mammary epithelial cells that limits proliferation and suppresses EMT. Efforts aimed at restoring GDF10 expression may thus bring a long-sought therapeutic alternative in the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yaxin Hu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
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Lineage Decision-Making within Normal Haematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062247. [PMID: 32213936 PMCID: PMC7139697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce the wide range of blood and immune cell types, haematopoietic stem cells can “choose” directly from the entire spectrum of blood cell fate-options. Affiliation to a single cell lineage can occur at the level of the haematopoietic stem cell and these cells are therefore a mixture of some pluripotent cells and many cells with lineage signatures. Even so, haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny that have chosen a particular fate can still “change their mind” and adopt a different developmental pathway. Many of the leukaemias arise in haematopoietic stem cells with the bulk of the often partially differentiated leukaemia cells belonging to just one cell type. We argue that the reason for this is that an oncogenic insult to the genome “hard wires” leukaemia stem cells, either through development or at some stage, to one cell lineage. Unlike normal haematopoietic stem cells, oncogene-transformed leukaemia stem cells and their progeny are unable to adopt an alternative pathway.
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circMYBL2, a circRNA from MYBL2, regulates FLT3 translation by recruiting PTBP1 to promote FLT3-ITD AML progression. Blood 2020; 134:1533-1546. [PMID: 31387917 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations within FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) occur in up to 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and confer a very poor prognosis. The oncogenic form of FLT3 is an important therapeutic target, and inhibitors specifically targeting FLT3 kinase can induce complete remission; however, relapse after remission has been observed due to acquired resistance with secondary mutations in FLT3, highlighting the need for new strategies to target FLT3-ITD mutations. Recent studies have reported that the aberrant formations of circular RNAs (circRNAs) are biological tumorigenesis-relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we discovered a circRNA, circMYBL2, derived from the cell-cycle checkpoint gene MYBL2. circMYBL2 is more highly expressed in AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations than in those without the FLT3-ITD mutation. We found that circMYBL2 knockdown specifically inhibits proliferation and promotes the differentiation of FLT3-ITD AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, we found that circMYBL2 significantly influences the protein level of mutant FLT3 kinase, which contributes to the activation of FLT3-ITD-dependent signaling pathways. Mechanistically, circMYBL2 enhanced the translational efficiency of FLT3 kinase by increasing the binding of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) to FLT3 messenger RNA. Moreover, circMYBL2 knockdown impaired the cytoactivity of inhibitor-resistant FLT3-ITD+ cells, with a significant decrease in FLT3 kinase expression, followed by the inactivation of its downstream pathways. In summary, we are the first to reveal a circRNA that specifically influences FLT3-ITD AML and regulates FLT3 kinase levels through translational regulation, suggesting that circMYBL2 may be a potential therapeutic target for FLT3-ITD AML.
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Grobbelaar C, Ford AM. The Role of MicroRNA in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Challenges for Diagnosis and Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8941471. [PMID: 31737072 PMCID: PMC6815594 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8941471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Although the overall survival of children with ALL is now more than 90%, leukaemia remains one of the leading causes of death from disease. In developed countries, the overall survival of patients with ALL has increased to more than 80%; however, those children cured from ALL still show a significant risk of short- and long-term complications as a consequence of their treatment. Accordingly, there is a need not only to develop new methods of diagnosis and prognosis but also to provide patients with less toxic therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleic acids (RNA), usually without coding potential, that regulate gene expression by directing their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation or translational suppression. In paediatric ALL, several miRNAs have been observed to be overexpressed or underexpressed in patient cohorts compared to healthy individuals, while numerous studies have identified specific miRNAs that can be used as biomarkers to diagnose ALL, classify it into subgroups, and predict prognosis. Likewise, a variety of miRNAs identify as candidate targets for treatment, although there are numerous obstacles to overcome before their clinical use in patients. Here, we summarise the roles played by different miRNAs in childhood leukaemia, focussing primarily on their use as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutic targets, as well as a role in predicting treatment outcome. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of miRNA in immunotherapy and the novel contributions made by gut miRNAs to regulation of the host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carle Grobbelaar
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Anthony M. Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Siles L, Ninfali C, Cortés M, Darling DS, Postigo A. ZEB1 protects skeletal muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1364. [PMID: 30910999 PMCID: PMC6434033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms linking muscle injury and regeneration are not fully understood. Here we report an unexpected role for ZEB1 regulating inflammatory and repair responses in dystrophic and acutely injured muscles. ZEB1 is upregulated in the undamaged and regenerating myofibers of injured muscles. Compared to wild-type counterparts, Zeb1-deficient injured muscles exhibit enhanced damage that corresponds with a retarded p38-MAPK-dependent transition of their macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Zeb1-deficient injured muscles also display a delayed and poorer regeneration that is accounted by the retarded anti-inflammatory macrophage transition and their intrinsically deficient muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Macrophages in Zeb1-deficient injured muscles show lower phosphorylation of p38 and its forced activation reverts the enhanced muscle damage and poorer regeneration. MuSCs require ZEB1 to maintain their quiescence, prevent their premature activation following injury, and drive efficient regeneration in dystrophic muscles. These data indicate that ZEB1 protects muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Following muscle damage, an inflammatory response is associated to activation of satellite cells, which drive muscle repair. Here, the authors show that upregulation of Zeb1 in macrophages and muscle fibres regulates inflammation, and also show a role for Zeb1 in maintenance of satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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Loss of the candidate tumor suppressor ZEB1 (TCF8, ZFHX1A) in Sézary syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1178. [PMID: 30518749 PMCID: PMC6281581 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a group of incurable extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas that develop from the skin-homing CD4+ T cell. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common histological subtypes. Although next-generation sequencing data provided significant advances in the comprehension of the genetic basis of this lymphoma, there is not uniform consensus on the identity and prevalence of putative driver genes for this heterogeneous group of tumors. Additional studies may increase the knowledge about the complex genetic etiology characterizing this lymphoma. We used SNP6 arrays and GISTIC algorithm to prioritize a list of focal somatic copy-number alterations in a dataset of multiple sequential samples from 21 Sézary syndrome patients. Our results confirmed a prevalence of significant focal deletions over amplifications: single well-known tumor suppressors, such as TP53, PTEN, and RB1, are targeted by these aberrations. In our cohort, ZEB1 (TCF8, ZFHX1A) spans a deletion having the highest level of significance. In a larger group of 43 patients, we found that ZEB1 is affected by deletions and somatic inactivating mutations in 46.5% of cases; also, we found potentially relevant ZEB1 germline variants. The survival analysis shows a worse clinical course for patients with ZEB1 biallelic inactivation. Multiple abnormal expression signatures were found associated with ZEB1 depletion in Sézary patients we verified that ZEB1 exerts a role in oxidative response of Sézary cells. Our data confirm the importance of deletions in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The characterization of ZEB1 abnormalities in Sézary syndrome fulfils the criteria of a canonical tumor suppressor gene. Although additional confirmations are needed, our findings suggest, for the first time, that ZEB1 germline variants might contribute to the risk of developing this disease. Also, we provide evidence that ZEB1 activity in Sézary cells, influencing the reactive oxygen species production, affects cell viability and apoptosis.
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Abstract
Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and interleukin (IL)-2 for the treatment of advanced melanoma and metastatic renal cancer. In addition, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the cytokines as monotherapy have not fulfilled their early promise because cytokines administered parenterally do not achieve sufficient concentrations in the tumor, are often associated with severe toxicities, and induce humoral or cellular checkpoints. To circumvent these impediments, cytokines are being investigated clinically in combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, anticancer monoclonal antibodies to increase the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of these antibodies, antibody cytokine fusion proteins, and anti-CD40 to facilitate tumor-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1374
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19
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Zhang C, Xue Q, Xu Z, Lu C. MiR-5702 suppresses proliferation and invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer cells via posttranscriptional suppression of ZEB1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22163. [PMID: 29975439 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs have emerged as important players in tumorigenesis and progression. MiR-5702 is a newly identified miRNA; the exact role of which has not been reported. Here, we found that miR-5702 was significantly decreased in the carcinoma tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines. Then, our results showed that the miR-5702 mimic induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and invasion in A549 cells. In contrast, the miR-5702 inhibitor reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation and invasion in A549 cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics and 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assays identified that oncogene zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a target gene of miR-5702. Western blotting analysis showed that miR-5702 overexpression suppressed, and miR-5702 knockdown promoted the expression of ZEB1 protein. Finally, the ZEB1 siRNA exhibited a similar effect to the miR-5702 mimic on expression of ZEB1 and its downstream genes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell invasion, and it could antagonize the alternations in ZEB1 expression and cell behaviors by the miR-5702 inhibitor. In conclusion, miR-5702 may function as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, which suppresses proliferation and invasion NSCLC cells via posttranscriptional suppression of ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The first Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Qidi Xue
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhongling Xu
- The first Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Cuilian Lu
- The first Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
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Redfern AD, Spalding LJ, Thompson EW. The Kraken Wakes: induced EMT as a driver of tumour aggression and poor outcome. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:285-308. [PMID: 29948647 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the shift of cells from an epithelial form to a contact independent, migratory, mesenchymal form. In cancer the change is linked to invasion and metastasis. Tumour conditions, including hypoxia, acidosis and a range of treatments can trigger EMT, which is implicated in the subsequent development of resistance to those same treatments. Consequently, the degree to which EMT occurs may underpin the entire course of tumour progression and treatment response in a patient. In this review we look past the protective effect of EMT against the initial treatment, to the role of the mesenchymal state, once triggered, in promoting disease growth, spread and future treatment insensitivity. In patients a correlation was found between the propensity of a treatment to induce EMT and failure of that treatment to provide a survival benefit, implicating EMT induction in accelerated tumour progression after treatment cessation. Looking to the mechanisms driving this detrimental effect; increased proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, stem cell induction, augmented angiogenesis, enhanced metastatic dissemination, and immune tolerance, can all result from treatment-induced EMT and could worsen outcome. Evidence also suggests EMT induction with earlier therapies attenuates benefits of later treatments. Looking beyond epithelial tumours, de-differentiation also has therapy-attenuating effects and reversal thereof may yield similar rewards. A range of potential therapies are in development that may address the diverse mechanisms and molecular control systems involved in EMT-induced accelerated progression. Considering the broad reaching effects of mesenchymal shift identified, successful deployment of such treatments could substantially improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia (UWA), Harry Perkins Building, Fiona Stanley Hospital Campus, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Lisa J Spalding
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia (UWA), Harry Perkins Building, Fiona Stanley Hospital Campus, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Novel insights into the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas. Blood 2018; 131:2320-2330. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-764357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies with overlapping clinical, immunologic, and histologic features. Recent advances in our understanding of T-cell differentiation based on gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing, and transgenic mouse modeling studies have better elucidated the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the diverse biology of T-cell lymphomas. These studies show that although genetic alterations in epigenetic modifiers are implicated in all subtypes of T-cell lymphomas, specific subtypes demonstrate enrichment for particular recurrent alterations targeting specific genes. In this regard, RHOA and TET2 alterations are prevalent in nodal T-cell lymphomas, particularly angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) not otherwise specified, and nodal PTCLs with T-follicular helper phenotype. JAK-STAT signaling pathways are mutationally activated in many extranodal T-cell lymphomas, such as natural killer/T-cell and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas. The functional significance of many of these genetic alterations is becoming better understood. Altogether these advances will continue to refine diagnostic criteria, improve prognostication, and identify novel therapeutic targets, resulting in improved outcomes for patient with T-cell lymphomas.
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Wu C, Li J, Tian C, Shi W, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhang Q, Sun W, Sun P, Xiang R, Yang S. Epigenetic dysregulation of ZEB1 is involved in LMO2-promoted T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia leukaemogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2511-2525. [PMID: 29778661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is a hematological malignancy caused by the accumulation of genomic lesions that affect the development of T-cells. ZEB1, a member of zinc finger-homeodomain family transcription factor, exhibits crucial function in promoting T-cell differentiation and potentially acts as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL. However, the molecular mechanism by which ZEB1 regulates T-ALL leukaemogenesis remains obscure. Here, we showed that oncogenic LIM only 2 (LMO2) could recruit Sap18 and HDAC1 to assemble an epigenetic regulatory complex, thus inducing histone deacetylation in ZEB1 promoter and chromatin remodeling to achieve transcriptional repression. Furthermore, downregulation of ZEB1 by LMO2 complex results in an increased leukaemia stem cell (LSC) phenotype as well as unsensitivity in response to methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy in T-ALL cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that Trichostatin A (TSA, a HDAC inhibitor) addition significantly attenuates MTX unsensitivity caused by dysfunction of LMO2/ZEB1 signaling. In conclusion, these findings have identified a molecular mechanism underlying LMO2/ZEB1-mediated leukaemogenesis, paving a way for treating T-ALL with a new strategy of epigenetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenchen Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quansheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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ZEB Proteins in Leukemia: Friends, Foes, or Friendly Foes? Hemasphere 2018; 2:e43. [PMID: 31723771 PMCID: PMC6745990 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ZEB1 and ZEB2 play pivotal roles in solid cancer metastasis by allowing cancer cells to invade and disseminate through the transcriptional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ZEB expression is also associated with the acquisition of cancer stem cell properties and therapy resistance. Consequently, expression levels of ZEB1/2 and of their direct target genes are widely seen as reliable prognostic markers for solid tumor aggressiveness and cancer patient outcome. Recent loss-of-function mouse models demonstrated that both ZEBs are also essential hematopoietic transcription factors governing blood lineage commitment and fidelity. Interestingly, both gain- and loss-of-function mutations have been reported in multiple hematological malignancies. Combined with emerging functional studies, these data suggest that ZEB1 and ZEB2 can act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes in blood borne malignancies, depending on the cellular context. Here, we review these novel insights and discuss how balanced expression of ZEB proteins may be essential to safeguard the functionality of the immune system and prevent leukemia.
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Gallardo F, Bertran J, López-Arribillaga E, González J, Menéndez S, Sánchez I, Colomo L, Iglesias M, Garrido M, Santamaría-Babí LF, Torres F, Pujol RM, Bigas A, Espinosa L. Novel phosphorylated TAK1 species with functional impact on NF-κB and β-catenin signaling in human Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2018; 32:2211-2223. [PMID: 29511289 PMCID: PMC6170395 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) represent different subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders with no curative therapies for the advanced forms of the disease (namely mycosis fungoides and the leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome). Molecular events leading to CTCL progression are heterogeneous, however recent DNA and RNA sequencing studies highlighted the importance of NF-κB and β-catenin pathways. We here show that the kinase TAK1, known as essential in B-cell lymphoma, is constitutively activated in CTCL cells, but tempered by the MYPT1/PP1 phosphatase complex. Blocking PP1 activity, both pharmacologically and genetically, resulted in TAK1 hyperphosphorylation at residues T344, S389, T444, and T511, which have functional impact on canonical NF-κB signaling. Inhibition of TAK1 precluded NF-κB and β-catenin signaling and induced apoptosis of CTCL cell lines and primary Sézary syndrome cells both in vitro and in vivo. Detection of phosphorylated TAK1 at T444 and T344 is associated with the presence of lymphoma in a set of 60 primary human samples correlating with NF-κB and β-catenin activation. These results identified TAK1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CTCL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gallardo
- Dermatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bertran
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Erika López-Arribillaga
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jéssica González
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Menéndez
- Molecular Therapy of Cancer Group, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sánchez
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Colomo
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Francisco Santamaría-Babí
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Torres
- Biostatistics and Data Management Platform, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Biostatistics Unit. Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Dermatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Parida S, Chakraborty S, Maji RK, Ghosh Z. Elucidating the gene regulatory networks modulating cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Genomics 2018; 111:103-113. [PMID: 29355597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer have perplexed investigators for decades. The most prevalent type of it is the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOv) which is a highly aggressive disease with high relapse rates and insurgence of chemo-resistance at later stages of treatment. These are driven by a rare population of stem cell like cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). We have taken up a systems approach to find out the common gene interaction paths between non-CSC tumor cells (CCs) and CSCs in HGSOv. Detailed investigation reveals a set of 17 Transcription Factors (named as pivot-TFs) which can govern changes in the mode of gene regulation along these paths. Overall, this work highlights a divergent road map of functional information relayed by these common key players in the two cell states, which might aid towards designing novel therapeutic measures to target the CSCs for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibun Parida
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | | | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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26
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Wang Q, Du X, Yang M, Xiao S, Cao J, Song J, Wang L. LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 contributes to STAT3 activation by associating with IL-11 in B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1801-1810. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Zhou C, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang H, Zhang Q, Sun P, Xiang R, Yang S. ZEB1 confers stem cell-like properties in breast cancer by targeting neurogenin-3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54388-54401. [PMID: 28903350 PMCID: PMC5589589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells believed to be implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and recurrence. Here, we report that ectopic expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 protein (ZEB1) results in the acquisition of CSC properties by breast cancer cells, leading to tumor initiation and progression in vitro and in vivo. The neurogenin 3 gene (Ngn3) is a bona fide target of ZEB1, and its repression is a key factor contributing to ZEB1-induced cancer cell stemness. ZEB1 suppressed Ngn3 transcription by forming a ZEB1/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3B/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complex on the Ngn3 promoter, leading to promoter hypermethylation and gene silencing. The rescue of Ngn3 expression attenuated ZEB1-induced cancer stemness and symmetric CSC division. Immunohistological analysis of human breast cancer specimens revealed a strong inverse relationship between ZEB1 and NGN3 protein expression. Thus, our findings suggest ZEB1-mediated silencing of Ngn3 is required for breast tumor initiation and maintenance. Targeted therapies against the ZEB1/Ngn3 axis may be highly valuable for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quansheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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28
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Nabhan M, Louka ML, Khairy E, Tash F, Ali-Labib R, El-Habashy S. MicroRNA-181a and its target Smad 7 as potential biomarkers for tracking child acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene 2017; 628:253-258. [PMID: 28732737 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric hematologic tumor. MiR-181a was expected to have a role in the development of hematological malignancies; it might act as tumor suppressor or oncogene. Smad7 was selected as miR-181a target pair. It is a negative regulator for the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In this study, relative expression levels of miR-181a by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), both Smad 7 and TGF-β1 proteins levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were all measured in serum of 60 child, 30 with ALL and 30 age and sex matched healthy child as control group. MiR-181a expression showed highly significant decrease; plus a significant increase and decrease of Smad7 and TGF-β1 protein levels respectively, in serum samples of ALL as compared to control group. MiR-181a expression achieved a highly significant positive and a significant negative correlation with TGF-β1 and Smad7 respectively. Furthermore, the levels of Smad7 and TGF-β1 were negatively correlated with each other (p<0.05). Although, positivity rate of both Smad7 and TGF-β1 in ALL group increased with presence of hepatosplenomegaly, still there was no statistical significance. In conclusion, miR-181a could act as a tumor suppressor in pediatric ALL with over expression of its target pair, Smad7. Smad7 regulates TGF-β1 signaling via a negative feedback loop and mediates the interaction between TGF-β1 and other signaling pathways; suggesting that Smad7 over expression may have therapeutic potential in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Nabhan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Manal L Louka
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt.
| | - Fathy Tash
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Randa Ali-Labib
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Safinaz El-Habashy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Kahlert UD, Joseph JV, Kruyt FAE. EMT- and MET-related processes in nonepithelial tumors: importance for disease progression, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:860-877. [PMID: 28556516 PMCID: PMC5496495 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to mesenchymal (EMT) process is increasingly recognized for playing a key role in the progression, dissemination, and therapy resistance of epithelial tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that EMT inducers also lead to a gain in mesenchymal properties and promote malignancy of nonepithelial tumors. In this review, we present and discuss current findings, illustrating the importance of EMT inducers in tumors originating from nonepithelial/mesenchymal tissues, including brain tumors, hematopoietic malignancies, and sarcomas. Among these tumors, the involvement of mesenchymal transition has been most extensively investigated in glioblastoma, providing proof for cell autonomous and microenvironment-derived stimuli that provoke EMT-like processes that regulate stem cell, invasive, and immunogenic properties as well as therapy resistance. The involvement of prominent EMT transcription factor families, such as TWIST, SNAI, and ZEB, in promoting therapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness has also been reported in lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. A reverse process, resembling mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), seems particularly relevant for sarcomas, where (partial) epithelial differentiation is linked to less aggressive tumors and a better patient prognosis. Overall, a hybrid model in which more stable epithelial and mesenchymal intermediates exist likely extends to the biology of tumors originating from sources other than the epithelium. Deeper investigation and understanding of the EMT/MET machinery in nonepithelial tumors will shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors, potentially paving the way toward the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Waldmann TA, Chen J. Disorders of the JAK/STAT Pathway in T Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis: Implications for Immunotherapy. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:533-550. [PMID: 28182501 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110416-120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common gamma receptor-dependent cytokines and their JAK/STAT pathways play pivotal roles in T cell immunity. Abnormal activation of this system was pervasive in diverse T cell malignancies assessed by pSTAT3/pSTAT5 phosphorylation. Activating mutations were described in some but not all cases. JAK1 and STAT3 were required for proliferation and survival of these T cell lines whether or not JAKs or STATs were mutated. Activating JAK and STAT mutations were not sufficient to initiate leukemic cell proliferation but rather only augmented signals from upstream in the cytokine pathway. Activation required the full pathway, including cytokine receptors acting as scaffolds and docking sites for required downstream JAK/STAT proteins. JAK kinase inhibitors have depressed leukemic T cell line proliferation. The insight that JAK/STAT system activation is pervasive in T cell malignancies suggests novel therapeutic approaches that include antibodies to common gamma cytokines, inhibitors of cytokine-receptor interactions, and JAK kinase inhibitors that may revolutionize therapy for T cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Jing Chen
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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31
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Weed J, Gibson J, Lewis J, Carlson K, Foss F, Choi J, Li P, Girardi M. FISH Panel for Leukemic CTCL. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:751-753. [PMID: 27836797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Mutation
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Weed
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Juliet Gibson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kacie Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francine Foss
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peining Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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32
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Malignant inflammation in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-a hostile takeover. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:269-282. [PMID: 27717961 PMCID: PMC5368200 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterized by the presence of chronically inflamed skin lesions containing malignant T cells. Early disease presents as limited skin patches or plaques and exhibits an indolent behavior. For many patients, the disease never progresses beyond this stage, but in approximately one third of patients, the disease becomes progressive, and the skin lesions start to expand and evolve. Eventually, overt tumors develop and the malignant T cells may disseminate to the blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and visceral organs, often with a fatal outcome. The transition from early indolent to progressive and advanced disease is accompanied by a significant shift in the nature of the tumor-associated inflammation. This shift does not appear to be an epiphenomenon but rather a critical step in disease progression. Emerging evidence supports that the malignant T cells take control of the inflammatory environment, suppressing cellular immunity and anti-tumor responses while promoting a chronic inflammatory milieu that fuels their own expansion. Here, we review the inflammatory changes associated with disease progression in CTCL and point to their wider relevance in other cancer contexts. We further define the term "malignant inflammation" as a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory environment orchestrated by the tumor cells and discuss some of the mechanisms driving the development of malignant inflammation in CTCL.
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33
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Sahni H, Ross S, Barbarulo A, Solanki A, Lau CI, Furmanski A, Saldaña JI, Ono M, Hubank M, Barenco M, Crompton T. A genome wide transcriptional model of the complex response to pre-TCR signalling during thymocyte differentiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28646-60. [PMID: 26415229 PMCID: PMC4745683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing thymocytes require pre-TCR signalling to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double negative to CD4+CD8+ double positive cell. Here we followed the transcriptional response to pre-TCR signalling in a synchronised population of differentiating double negative thymocytes. This time series analysis revealed a complex transcriptional response, in which thousands of genes were up and down-regulated before changes in cell surface phenotype were detected. Genome-wide measurement of RNA degradation of individual genes showed great heterogeneity in the rate of degradation between different genes. We therefore used time course expression and degradation data and a genome wide transcriptional modelling (GWTM) strategy to model the transcriptional response of genes up-regulated on pre-TCR signal transduction. This analysis revealed five major temporally distinct transcriptional activities that up regulate transcription through time, whereas down-regulation of expression occurred in three waves. Our model thus placed known regulators in a temporal perspective, and in addition identified novel candidate regulators of thymocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sahni
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Anisha Solanki
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna Furmanski
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Masahiro Ono
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mike Hubank
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Martino Barenco
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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34
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Polycomb-dependent epigenetic landscape in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood 2016; 127:1790-802. [PMID: 26773042 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-662593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) shows global gene expression alterations that confer cellular characteristics and unfavorable prognosis. However, molecular mechanisms of the sustained expression changes are largely unknown, because there is no study addressing the relationship between landscapes of the gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Here, we analyzed ATL epigenome and integrated it with transcriptome from primary ATL cells and those from corresponding normal CD4(+)T cells to decipher ATL-specific "epigenetic code" that was critical for cell identity. We found that polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated trimethylation at histone H3Lys27 (H3K27me3) was significantly and frequently reprogrammed at half of genes in ATL cells. A large proportion of the abnormal gene downregulation was detected at the early stage of disease progression and was explained by H3K27me3 accumulation. The global H3K27me3 alterations involved ATL-specific gene expression changes that included several tumor suppressors, transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, miRNAs, and developmental genes, suggesting diverse outcomes by the PRC2-dependent hierarchical regulation. Interestingly, a key enzyme, EZH2, was sensitive to promiscuous signaling network including the NF-κB pathway and was functionally affected by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) Tax. The Tax-dependent immortalized cells showed H3K27me3 reprogramming that was significantly similar to that of ATL cells. Of note, a majority of the epigenetic silencing has occurred in leukemic cells from indolent ATL and also in HTLV-1-infected T cells from asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. Because pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 reversed epigenetic disruption and selectively eliminated leukemic and HTLV-1-infected cells, targeting the epigenetic elements will hold great promise in treatment and prevention of the onset of ATL and HTLV-1-related diseases.
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35
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Wang L, Ni X, Covington KR, Yang BY, Shiu J, Zhang X, Xi L, Meng Q, Langridge T, Drummond J, Donehower LA, Doddapaneni H, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Wheeler DA, Duvic M. Genomic profiling of Sézary syndrome identifies alterations of key T cell signaling and differentiation genes. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1426-34. [PMID: 26551670 PMCID: PMC4829974 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome is a rare leukemic form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma characterized by generalized redness, scaling, itching and increased numbers of circulating atypical T lymphocytes. It is rarely curable, with poor prognosis. Here we present a multiplatform genomic analysis of 37 patients with Sézary syndrome that implicates dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoint and T cell signaling. Frequent somatic alterations were identified in TP53, CARD11, CCR4, PLCG1, CDKN2A, ARID1A, RPS6KA1 and ZEB1. Activating CCR4 and CARD11 mutations were detected in nearly one-third of patients. ZEB1, encoding a transcription repressor essential for T cell differentiation, was deleted in over one-half of patients. IL32 and IL2RG were overexpressed in nearly all cases. Our results demonstrate profound disruption of key signaling pathways in Sézary syndrome and suggest potential targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kyle R. Covington
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Betty Y. Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Shiu
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liu Xi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Langridge
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Donehower
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A. Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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36
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Kiel MJ, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Rolland DCM, Velusamy T, Chung F, Schaller M, Bailey NG, Betz BL, Miranda RN, Porcu P, Byrd JC, Medeiros LJ, Kunkel SL, Bahler DW, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Genomic analyses reveal recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifiers and the JAK-STAT pathway in Sézary syndrome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8470. [PMID: 26415585 PMCID: PMC4598843 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive leukaemia of mature T cells with poor prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. The comprehensive genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of SS are unknown. Here we integrate whole-genome sequencing (n=6), whole-exome sequencing (n=66) and array comparative genomic hybridization-based copy-number analysis (n=80) of primary SS samples. We identify previously unknown recurrent loss-of-function aberrations targeting members of the chromatin remodelling/histone modification and trithorax families, including ARID1A in which functional loss from nonsense and frameshift mutations and/or targeted deletions is observed in 40.3% of SS genomes. We also identify recurrent gain-of-function mutations targeting PLCG1 (9%) and JAK1, JAK3, STAT3 and STAT5B (JAK/STAT total ∼11%). Functional studies reveal sensitivity of JAK1-mutated primary SS cells to JAK inhibitor treatment. These results highlight the complex genomic landscape of SS and a role for inhibition of JAK/STAT pathways for the treatment of SS. Sézary syndrome is a T cell malignancy that has been poorly characterized at the genome level. In this study, Kiel et al. perform whole-genome analyses and identify mutations in the JAK–STAT pathway and show that primary cells are sensitive to JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kiel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Anagh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Delphine C M Rolland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Fuzon Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nathanael G Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Bryan L Betz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - David W Bahler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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TGF-β signaling in the control of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2015; 125:3542-50. [PMID: 25833962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is a tissue with high cellular turnover, and its production is a tightly orchestrated process that requires constant replenishment. All mature blood cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are the self-renewing units that sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. HSC behavior, such as self-renewal and quiescence, is regulated by a wide array of factors, including external signaling cues present in the bone marrow. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines constitutes a multifunctional signaling circuitry, which regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate and behavior in virtually all tissues of the body. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from homeostasis of the immune system to quiescence and self-renewal of HSCs. Here, we review key features and emerging concepts pertaining to TGF-β and downstream signaling pathways in normal HSC biology, featuring aspects of aging, hematologic disease, and how this circuitry may be exploited for clinical purposes in the future.
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Chung DWD, Frausto RF, Ann LB, Jang MS, Aldave AJ. Functional impact of ZEB1 mutations associated with posterior polymorphous and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6159-66. [PMID: 25190660 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) gene mutations associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3 (PPCD3) and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS Thirteen of the 27 previously reported ZEB1 truncating mutations associated with PPCD3 and the six previously reported ZEB1 missense mutations associated with FECD were generated and transiently transfected into a corneal endothelial cell line. Protein abundance was determined by immunoblotting, while intracellular localization was determined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Three of the 13 ZEB1 truncated mutants, and none of the missense mutants, showed significant decrease in mutant ZEB1 protein levels. Predominant nuclear localization was observed for truncated ZEB1 mutant proteins with a predicted molecular weight of less than 92 kilodaltons. The two largest mutant proteins that lacked a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), p.(Ser638Cysfs*5) and p.(Gln884Argfs*37), primarily localized to the cytoplasm, while the NLS-containing mutant proteins, p.(Glu997Alafs*7) and p.(Glu1039Glyfs*6), primarily localized to the nucleus. All the missense ZEB1 mutant proteins were exclusively present in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 truncating mutations result in a significant decrease and/or impaired nuclear localization of the encoded protein, indicating that ZEB1 haploinsufficiency in PPCD3 may result from decreased protein production and/or impaired cellular localization. Conversely, as the reported ZEB1 missense mutations do not significantly impact protein abundance or nuclear localization, the effect of these mutations on ZEB1 function and their relationship to FECD, if any, remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Won D Chung
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ricardo F Frausto
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lydia B Ann
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Michelle S Jang
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anthony J Aldave
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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39
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Molecular regulation of ovarian cancer cell invasion. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11359-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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40
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Inhibition of ZEB1 by miR-200 characterizes Helicobacter pylori-positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a less aggressive behavior. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1116-25. [PMID: 24390222 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas may or may not have a concurrent component of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas are often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, suggesting that the large cells are transformed from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In contrast, only limited data are available on the clinical and molecular features of pure gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. In 102 pure gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we found H. pylori infection in 53% of the cases. H. pylori-positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas were more likely to present at an earlier stage (73% vs 52% at stage I/II, P=0.03), to achieve complete remission (75% vs 43%, P=0.001), and had a better 5-year disease-free survival rate (73% vs 29%, P<0.001) than H. pylori-negative gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Through genome-wide expression profiles of both miRNAs and mRNAs in nine H. pylori-positive and nine H. pylori-negative gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we identified inhibition of ZEB1 (zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1) by miR-200 in H. pylori-positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. ZEB1, a transcription factor for marginal zone B cells, can suppress BCL6, the master transcription factor for germinal center B cells. In 30 H. pylori-positive and 30 H. pylori-negative gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we confirmed that H. pylori-positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas had higher levels of miR-200 by qRT-PCR, and lower levels of ZEB1 and higher levels of BCL6 using immunohistochemistry. As BCL6 is a known predictor of a better prognosis in gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, our data demonstrate that inhibition of ZEB1 by miR-200, with secondary increase in BCL6, is a molecular event that characterizes H. pylori-positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a less aggressive behavior.
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41
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Luo L, Li N, Lv N, Huang D. SMAD7: a timer of tumor progression targeting TGF-β signaling. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8379-85. [PMID: 24935472 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of cancer, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a cell growth suppressor; however, it is also a critical inducer of invasion and metastasis. SMAD is the important mediator of TGF-β signaling pathway, which includes receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), common-mediator SMADs (co-SMADs), and inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs). I-SMADs block the activation of R-SMADs and co-SMADs and thus play important roles especially in the SMAD-dependent signaling. SMAD7 belongs to the I-SMADs. As an inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, SMAD7 is overexpressed in numerous cancer types and its abundance is positively correlated to the malignancy. Emerging evidence has revealed the switch-in-role of SMAD7 in cancer, from a TGF-β inhibiting protein at the early stages that facilitates proliferation to an enhancer of invasion at the late stages. This role change may be accompanied or elicited by the tumor microenvironment and/or somatic mutation. Hence, current knowledge suggests a tumor-favorable timer nature of SMAD7 in cancer progression. In this review, we summarized the advances and recent findings of SMAD7 and TGF-β signaling in cancer, followed by specific discussion on the possible factors that account for the functional changes of SMAD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Luo
- Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizen St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
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42
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Feuerborn A, Mathow D, Srivastava PK, Gretz N, Gröne HJ. Basonuclin-1 modulates epithelial plasticity and TGF-β1-induced loss of epithelial cell integrity. Oncogene 2014; 34:1185-95. [PMID: 24662832 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine and critically involved in the progression of a variety of cancers. TGF-β1 signaling can impair tumor development by its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic features. In contrast, it may actively promote tumor progression and cancer cell dissemination by inducing a gradual switch from epithelial towards mesenchymal-like cell features (EMT-like), including decreased intercellular adhesion. Here, we show that expression of the transcription factor Basonuclin-1 (Bnc1) modulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial dedifferentiation of mammary epithelial cells. RNAi-mediated repression of Bnc1 resulted in enhanced intercellular adhesion and strongly impaired TGF-β1-dependent sheet disintegration and cell scattering. In contrast, forced expression of Bnc1 modifies plasma membrane/cytoskeletal dynamics and seemingly interferes with the initiation of sustainable cell-cell contacts. Follow-up analyses revealed that Bnc1 affects the expression of numerous TGF-β1-responsive genes including distinct EMT-related transcription factors, some of which modulate the expression of Bnc1 themselves. These results suggest that Bnc1 is part of a transcription factor network related to epithelial plasticity with reciprocal feedback-loop connections on which Smad-factors integrate TGF-β1 signaling. Our study demonstrates that Bnc1 regulates epithelial plasticity of mammary epithelial cells and influences outcome of TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feuerborn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Mathow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P K Srivastava
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - N Gretz
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Centre (ZMF), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H-J Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Huh JH, Kim TH, Kim K, Song JA, Jung YJ, Jeong JY, Lee MJ, Kim YK, Lee DH, An HJ. Dysregulation of miR-106a and miR-591 confers paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:452-61. [PMID: 23807165 PMCID: PMC3721386 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are noncoding regulatory RNAs strongly implicated in carcinogenesis, cell survival, and chemosensitivity. Here, microRNAs associated with chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal of gynaecological malignancies, were identified and their functional effects in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells were assessed. Methods: MicroRNA expression in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant SKpac sublines was compared with that of the PTX-sensitive, parental SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line using microarray and qRT–PCR. The function of differentially expressed microRNAs in chemoresistant ovarian cancer was further evaluated by apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration assays. Results: Upregulation of miR-106a and downregulation of miR-591 were associated with PTX resistance in ovarian cancer cells and human tumour samples. Transfection with anti-miR-106a or pre-miR-591 resensitized PTX-resistant SKpac cells to PTX by enhancing apoptosis (23 and 42% increase), and inhibited their cell migration (43 and 56% decrease) and proliferation (64 and 65% decrease). Furthermore, ZEB1 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-591, and BCL10 and caspase-7 were target genes of miR-106a, as identified by immunoblotting and luciferase assay. Conclusion: MiR-106a and miR-591 have important roles in conferring PTX resistance to ovarian cancer cells. Modulation of these microRNAs resensitizes PTX-resistant cancer cells by targeting BCL10, caspase-7, and ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Huh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
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Lemma S, Karihtala P, Haapasaari KM, Jantunen E, Soini Y, Bloigu R, Pasanen AK, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Biological roles and prognostic values of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediating transcription factors Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Involvement of ZEB1 and E-cadherin in the invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:949-56. [PMID: 23065281 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the expression of the ZEB1 and E-cadherin proteins in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and to examine the clinicopathological correlation between protein levels and LSCC. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs and proteins in LSCC tissues as well as in adjacent normal tissues, and then analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics and the expression changes of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in LSCC. In addition, RNAi was used to knockdown the expression of the ZEB1 gene in Human HCC827 cells; subsequently, changes in the invasive ability of the resultant cells were studied. The positive rates of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in LSCC tissues were 69.2 and 38.5 %, respectively. They differed significantly from the corresponding positive rates in the adjacent normal lung tissues (15.4 and 80.8 %, p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the protein levels of ZEB1 and E-cadherin in LSCC tissues (r = -0.714, p < 0.001); in addition, it was found that ZEB1 protein expression in LSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the neighboring normal lung tissues (p < 0.05), and its expression was also significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases and distant metastases compared to those patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.05). On the contrary, E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in LSCC tissues than that in the neighboring normal tissue (p < 0.05). It was lower in patients with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis compared to patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.05). However, the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin was independent of gender, age, tumor size, or tumor differentiation level (p > 0.05). Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA into HCC827 cells significantly reduced the ZEB1 protein level (p < 0.01) and significantly elevated E-cadherin levels (p < 0.01). Moreover, significantly less ZEB1 siRNA-transfected cells migrated through Transwell chambers in the LSCC tissue than that in the control groups (untransfected or transfected with control siRNA, p < 0.01). The expression of the ZEB1 gene in LSCC tissues is downregulated with the expression of E-cadherin. On the other hand, the expression of siRNA against ZEB1 promotes E-cadherin expression and suppresses the invasive ability conferred by E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data suggested that overexpression of the ZEB1 gene is possibly associated with the occurrence, development, invasion of LSCC.
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46
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Yamagishi M, Watanabe T. Molecular hallmarks of adult T cell leukemia. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:334. [PMID: 23060864 PMCID: PMC3444139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular hallmarks of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) comprise outstanding deregulations of signaling pathways that control the cell cycle, resistance to apoptosis, and proliferation of leukemic cells, all of which have been identified by early excellent studies. Nevertheless, we are now confronted the therapeutic difficulties of ATL that is a most aggressive T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Using next-generation strategies, emerging molecular characteristics such as specific surface markers and an additional catalog of signals affecting the fate of leukemic cells have been added to the molecular hallmarks that constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of ATL. Although human T cell leukemia virus type 1 is undoubtedly involved in ATL leukemogenesis, most leukemic cells do not express the viral protein Tax. Instead, cellular gene expression changes dominate homeostasis disorders of infected cells and characteristics of ATL. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of ATL molecular pathology, which supports the biological properties of leukemic cells. In addition, we discuss the recent discovery of two molecular hallmarks of potential generality; an abnormal microRNA pattern and epigenetic reprogramming, which strongly involve the imbalance of the molecular network of lymphocytes. Global analyses of ATL have revealed the functional impact of crosstalk between multifunctional pathways. Clinical and biological studies on signaling inhibitory agents have also revealed novel oncogenic drivers that can be targeted in future. ATL cells, by deregulation of such pathways and their interconnections, may become masters of their own destinies. Recognizing and understanding of the widespread molecular applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of novel strategies for treating ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Kubiczkova L, Sedlarikova L, Hajek R, Sevcikova S. TGF-β - an excellent servant but a bad master. J Transl Med 2012; 10:183. [PMID: 22943793 PMCID: PMC3494542 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family of growth factors controls an immense number of cellular responses and figures prominently in development and homeostasis of most human tissues. Work over the past decades has revealed significant insight into the TGF-β signal transduction network, such as activation of serine/threonine receptors through ligand binding, activation of SMAD proteins through phosphorylation, regulation of target genes expression in association with DNA-binding partners and regulation of SMAD activity and degradation. Disruption of the TGF-β pathway has been implicated in many human diseases, including solid and hematopoietic tumors. As a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor; however in tumor cells, TGF-β looses anti-proliferative response and become an oncogenic factor. This article reviews current understanding of TGF-β signaling and different mechanisms that lead to its impairment in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubiczkova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
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48
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Gheldof A, Hulpiau P, van Roy F, De Craene B, Berx G. Evolutionary functional analysis and molecular regulation of the ZEB transcription factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2527-41. [PMID: 22349261 PMCID: PMC11115101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ZEB1 and ZEB2, which are members of the ZEB family of transcription factors, play a pivotal role in the development of the vertebrate embryo. However, recent evidence shows that both proteins can also drive the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during malignant cancer progression. The understanding of how both ZEBs act as transcription factors opens up new possibilities for future treatment of advanced carcinomas. This review gives insight into the molecular mechanisms that form the basis of the multitude of cellular processes controlled by both ZEB factors. By using an evolutionary approach, we analyzed how the specific organization of the different domains and regulatory sites in ZEB1 and ZEB2 came into existence. On the basis of this analysis, a detailed overview is provided of the different cofactors and post-translational mechanisms that are associated with ZEB protein functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gheldof
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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miR-200b restoration and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor block lung metastasis of mesenchymal-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e15. [PMID: 23552699 PMCID: PMC3412647 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously demonstrated an in vivo model of liver cancer in which mesenchymal cells post-EMT demonstrate a high rate of invasive growth and metastasis. Here, we investigate the role of microRNA 200 (miR-200) family members and epigenetic modifications on the maintenance of mesenchymal/metastatic phenotype after EMT. Mesenchymal cells post-EMT demonstrates high levels of E-box repressors Zeb1 and Zeb2 and downregulation of four miR-200 family members (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c and miR-429). In addition, DNA sequencing after bisulfite modification demonstrates that several CpG sites within the E-cadherin promoter are methylated in mesenchymal cells. In mesenchymal cells, forced expression of miR-200b results in a significant increase in E-cadherin and a reduction in cell migration/invasion. Despite these mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) changes in vitro, there is no significant change in metastatic potential after miR-200b upregulation in vivo. After the mesenchymal cells were treated with combination of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor and upregulation of miR-200b, invasive phenotype was significantly reduced and metastatic potential was eliminated. Direct targeting of E-cadherin with short hairpin RNA does not restore metastatic potential after DNMT inhibition and miR-200b re-expression. In addition, restoration of E-cadherin alone was unable to block metastatic potential in primary mesenchymal cells. In conclusion, targeting mesenchymal liver cancer cells with miR-200b and DNMT inhibitor reduces metastatic potential irrespective of E-cadherin expression. Thus, the broader differentiation and MET effects of DNMT inhibition and miR-200b must be considered in terms of rescuing metastatic potential.
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50
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Jia B, Liu H, Kong Q, Li B. Overexpression of ZEB1 associated with metastasis and invasion in patients with gastric carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:223-9. [PMID: 22466758 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ZEB1 in gastric carcinoma, its correlation with the clinicopathology of gastric carcinoma, and the role of ZEB1 in invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. ZEB1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in 45 gastric carcinoma tissue samples that contained the adjacent gastric mucosa. The correlation between ZEB1 expression, the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, and clinical pathology was investigated. ZEB1 expression in the human gastric carcinoma cell line AGS was downregulated by RNA interference, and changes in ZEB1 expression corresponded with changes in the invasive and metastatic ability of AGS cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ZEB1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than in normal gastric mucosa tissues (p < 0.001). A lower degree of differentiation of gastric cancer (p = 0.009), a higher TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) stage (p = 0.010), and a larger scope of invasion were correlated with higher expression of ZEB1 (p = 0.041, 0.002). However, the expression of ZEB1 in gastric carcinoma tissue was independent of gender, age, and tumor size (p > 0.05). Western blot results also showed that ZEB1 protein expression was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma tissue than in the adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissue (p = 0.008). A lower degree of differentiation of the gastric carcinoma correlated with a higher TNM stage, and a larger scope of invasion correlated with increased ZEB1 expression (p = 0.023). Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA in AGS cells significantly decreased the expression level of ZEB1 protein (p = 0.035). Furthermore, the number of cells that could pass through the Transwell chamber was significantly lower in the transfected group than in the non-transfected control group (p = 0.039), indicating that the suppression of ZEB1 expression could significantly reduce the invasive and metastatic ability of AGS cells (p = 0.005). Concluding, in gastric carcinoma tissue, overexpression of ZEB1 may be related to the occurrence and development as well as invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28, Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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