1
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de Moura CEV, Sokolov AY. Efficient Spin-Adapted Implementation of Multireference Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Theory. I. Core-Ionized States and X-ray Photoelectron Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38962857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present an efficient implementation of multireference algebraic diagrammatic construction theory (MR-ADC) for simulating core-ionized states and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Taking advantage of spin adaptation, automatic code generation, and density fitting, our implementation can perform calculations for molecules with more than 1500 molecular orbitals, incorporating static and dynamic correlation in the ground and excited electronic states. We demonstrate the capabilities of MR-ADC methods by simulating the XPS spectra of substituted ferrocene complexes and azobenzene isomers. For the ground electronic states of these molecules, the XPS spectra computed using the extended second-order MR-ADC method (MR-ADC(2)-X) are in a very good agreement with available experimental results. We further show that MR-ADC can be used as a tool for interpreting or predicting the results of time-resolved XPS measurements by simulating the core ionization spectra of azobenzene along its photoisomerization, including the XPS signatures of excited states and the minimum energy conical intersection. This work is the first in a series of publications reporting the efficient implementations of MR-ADC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E V de Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alexander Yu Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Otsuka H, Nakai K, Shimizu E, Yamaguchi T, Yamano M, Sasaki H, Koyama K, Kinoshita K. Photoreaction products of extract from the fruiting bodies of Polyozellus multiplex. J Nat Med 2024; 78:547-557. [PMID: 38509426 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are powerful tools for synthesizing organic molecules. The input of energy provided by light offers a means to produce strained and unique molecules that cannot be assembled using thermal protocols, allowing for the production of immense molecular complexity in a single chemical step. Furthermore, unlike thermal reactions, photochemical reactions do not require active reagents such as acids, bases, metals, or enzymes. Photochemical reactions play a central role in green chemistry. This article reports the isolation and structure determination of four new compounds (1-4) from the photoreaction products of the Polyozellus multiplex MeOH ext. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using MS, IR, comprehensive NMR measurements and microED. The four compounds were formed by deacetylation of polyozellin, the main secondary metabolite of P. multiplex, and addition of singlet oxygen generated by sunlight. To develop drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the basis of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the compounds (1-4) obtained by photoreaction were evaluated for BACE1 inhibitory activity. The hydrolysates (5 and 6) of polyozellin, the main secondary metabolites of P. multiplex, were also evaluated. The photoreaction products (3 and 4) and hydrolysates (5 and 6) of polyozellin showed BACE1 inhibitory activity (IC50: 2.2, 16.4, 23.3, and 5.3 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Keiyo Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical R&D Laboratory, SPERA PHARMA, Inc, 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 532-0024, Japan
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Yamano
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical R&D Laboratory, SPERA PHARMA, Inc, 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 532-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Koyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
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3
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Dumitraş D, Dalmau D, García-Orduña P, Pop A, Silvestru A, Urriolabeitia EP. Orthopalladated imidazolones and thiazolones: synthesis, photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8948-8957. [PMID: 38727513 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with (Z)-5-arylidene-4-(4H)-imidazolones (2a-e) and (Z)-4-arylidene-5(4H)-thiazolones (3a-e) in trifluoroacetic acid results in the corresponding orthopalladated dinuclear complexes (4a-e, imidazolones; 11a-d, thiazolones) with trifluoroacetate bridges through regioselective C-H activation at the ortho position of the 4-arylidene group. Compound 4e, which contains an imidazolone substituted at 2- and 4-positions of the arylidene ring with methoxide groups and exhibits strong push-pull charge transfer, is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of fluorescent complexes with green yellowish emission and remarkable quantum yields. Breaking the bridging system with pyridine yields the mononuclear complex 5e (ΦF = 5%), while metathesis of trifluoroacetate ligands with chloride leads to the dinuclear complex 6e, also a precursor of fluorescent complexes by breaking the chloride bridging system with pyridine (7e, ΦF = 7%), or by substitution of chloride ligands with pyridine (8e, ΦF = 15%) or acetylacetonate (9e, ΦF = 2%). In addition to notable photophysical properties, dinuclear complexes 4 and 11 also exhibit significant photochemical reactivity. Thus, irradiation of orthopalladates 4a-c and 11a-c in CH2Cl2 with blue light (465 nm) proceeds via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the CC double bonds of imidazolone and thiazolone ligands, yielding the corresponding cyclobutane-bridging diaminotruxillic derivatives 10a-c and 12a-c, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Dumitraş
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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4
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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Visible photons as ideal reagents for the activation of coloured organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4926-4975. [PMID: 38596901 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the traceless nature of visible photons has been exploited for the development of efficient synthetic strategies for the photoconversion of colourless compounds, namely, photocatalysis, chromophore activation, and the formation of an electron donor/acceptor (EDA) complex. However, the use of photoreactive coloured organic compounds is the optimal strategy to boost visible photons as ideal reagents in synthetic protocols. In view of such premises, the present review aims to provide its readership with a collection of recent photochemical strategies facilitated via direct light absorption by coloured molecules. The protocols have been classified and presented according to the nature of the intermediate/excited state achieved during the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Nicchio
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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5
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Khadanga L, Roopan SM. Synthesis of propargylamine: pioneering a green path with non-conventional KA 2 coupling approach. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10826-8. [PMID: 38687398 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The KA2 coupling reaction is a well-explored and versatile method for forming C-C bonds in synthetic chemistry. It is composed of ketone, amine, and alkyne, which play a major role in the synthesis of propargylamines, known for their diverse biological activities and are used in treating neurogenetical disorders. The KA2 coupling is highly challenging due to the low reactivity of ketimines toward nucleophilic attacks with metal acetylide intermediates formed by activating the C-H bond of the alkyne. Despite predominant studies conducted on thermal conditions for KA2 coupling reactions, green and sustainable approaches like non-conventional methods still have a lot to achieve. This review article provides a comprehensive introduction to the non-conventional approach in the KA2 coupling reaction, outlining its mechanisms and exploring future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambodar Khadanga
- Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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6
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Alfano A, Smyth M, Wharry S, Moody TS, Baumann M. Modular Synthesis of Benzoylpyridines Exploiting a Reductive Arylation Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:2847-2851. [PMID: 38133578 PMCID: PMC11020167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a telescoped flow strategy to access electronically differentiated bisaryl ketones as potentially new and tunable photosensitizers containing both electron-rich benzene systems and electron-deficient pyridyl moieties. Our approach merges a light-driven (365 nm) and catalyst-free reductive arylation between aromatic aldehydes and cyanopyridines with a subsequent oxidation process. The addition of electron-donating and withdrawing substituents on the scaffold allowed effective modification of the absorbance of these compounds in the UV-vis region, while the continuous flow process affords high yields, short residence time, and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Smyth
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Wharry
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
- Arran
Chemical Company, Monksland Industrial
Estate, Roscommon N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Dublin 4, Ireland
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7
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White B, Dudding T. Catalytic Light-Driven Strategy for Transforming Oximes to Carbonyls. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4569-4578. [PMID: 38478895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxime and carbonyl functional groups serve as powerful chemical hubs for constructing complex synthetic targets and valuable molecular scaffolds. In furthering this value, we report a photopromoted catalytic deoximation protocol for converting oximes and their derivatives to carbonyl functional groups. This strategic approach benefits from the use of renewable light energy input and ambient air conditions, in addition to demonstrating good substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and product yields. In offering, insights into these reactivity mechanistic studies are communicated, and the value of this protocol is further shown through one-pot operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon White
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2 S3A1, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2 S3A1, Canada
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8
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Yan P, Stegbauer S, Wu Q, Kolodzeiski E, Stein CJ, Lu P, Bach T. Enantioselective Intramolecular ortho Photocycloaddition Reactions of 2-Acetonaphthones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318126. [PMID: 38275271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
2-Acetonaphthones, which bear an alkenyl group tethered to its C1 carbon atom via an oxygen atom, were found to undergo an enantioselective intramolecular ortho photocycloaddition reaction. A chiral oxazaborolidine Lewis acid leads to a bathochromic absorption shift of the substrate and enables an efficient enantioface differentiation. Visible light irradiation (λ=450 nm) triggers the reaction which is tolerant of various groups at almost any position except carbon atom C8 (16 examples, 53-99 % yield, 80-97 % ee). Consecutive reactions were explored including a sensitized rearrangement to tetrahydrobiphenylenes, which occurred with full retention of configuration. Evidence was collected that the catalytic photocycloaddition occurs via triplet intermediates, and the binding mode of the acetonaphthone to the chiral Lewis acid was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Simone Stegbauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Elena Kolodzeiski
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher J Stein
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
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9
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Latrache M, Lefebvre C, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Photochemically Induced Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reactions with Oxazolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16435-16455. [PMID: 37983612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically induced intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in oxazolones is reported. An acetal or thioacetal function at the side chain acts as a hydrogen donor while the photochemical exited oxazolone is the acceptor. A one-step process─the electron and the proton are simultaneously transferred─is productive, while electron transfer followed by proton transfer is inefficient. Radical combination then takes place, leading to the formation of a C-C or C-N bond. The regioselectivity of the reaction is explained by the diradical/zwitterion dichotomy of radical intermediates at the singlet state. In the present case, the zwitterion structure plays a central role, and intramolecular electron transfer favors spin-orbit coupling and thus the intersystem crossing to the singlet state. The reaction of corresponding thioacetal derivatives is less efficient. In this case, photochemical electron transfer is competitive. The photoproducts resulting from C-C bond formation easily undergo stepwise thermal decarboxylation in which zwitterionic and polar transition states are involved. A computational study of this step has also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
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10
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Gómez Fernández MA, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds-Application to Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:4746. [PMID: 37375301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative products for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain. The production of cosmetics or surfactants as well as materials for different applications are examples for other domains where new platform chemicals obtained from biomass can be used. Photochemical and especially photocatalytic reactions have recently been recognized as being important tools of organic chemistry as they make compounds or compound families available that cannot be or are difficultly synthesized with conventional methods of organic synthesis. The present review gives a short overview with selected examples on photocatalytic reactions of biopolymers, carbohydrates, fatty acids and some biomass-derived platform chemicals such as furans or levoglucosenone. In this article, the focus is on application to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gómez Fernández
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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11
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Stegbauer S, Jandl C, Bach T. Chiral Lewis acid catalysis in a visible light-triggered cycloaddition/rearrangement cascade. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11856-11862. [PMID: 36320923 PMCID: PMC9580482 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cascade (domino) reactions facilitate the formation of complex molecules from simple starting materials in a single operation. It was found that 1-naphthaldehyde derivatives can be converted to enantioenriched (82-96% ee) polycyclic benzoisochromenes via a cascade of ortho photocycloaddition and ensuing acid-catalysed rearrangement reactions. The cascade was initiated by irradiation with visible light (λ = 457 nm) and catalysed by a chiral AlBr3-activated 1,3,2-oxazaborolidine (14 examples, 65-93% yield). The absolute configuration of the products was elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the ortho photocycloaddition occurs on the triplet hypersurface and that the chiral catalyst induces in this step the observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stegbauer
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 Garching 85747 Germany https://www.ch.nat.tum.de/en/oc1/home/ +49 (0)89 289 13315
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12
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Schwinger DP, Peschel MT, Rigotti T, Kabaciński P, Knoll T, Thyrhaug E, Cerullo G, Hauer J, de Vivie-Riedle R, Bach T. Photoinduced B-Cl Bond Fission in Aldehyde-BCl 3 Complexes as a Mechanistic Scenario for C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18927-18937. [PMID: 36205547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In concert with carbonyl compounds, Lewis acids have been identified as a versatile class of photocatalysts. Thus far, research has focused on activation of the substrate, either by changing its photophysical properties or by modifying its photochemistry. In this work, we expand the established mode of action by demonstrating that UV photoexcitation of a Lewis acid-base complex can lead to homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond in the Lewis acid. In a study on the complex of benzaldehyde and the Lewis acid BCl3, we found evidence for homolytic B-Cl bond cleavage leading to formation of a borylated ketyl radical and a free chlorine atom only hundreds of femtoseconds after excitation. Both time-dependent density functional theory and transient absorption experiments identify a benzaldehyde-BCl2 cation as the dominant species formed on the nanosecond time scale. The experimentally validated B-Cl bond homolysis was synthetically exploited for a BCl3-mediated hydroalkylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes (19 examples, 42-76% yield). It was found that hydrocarbons undergo addition to the C═O double bond via a radical pathway. The photogenerated chlorine radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the alkane, and the resulting carbon-centered radical either recombines with the borylated ketyl radical or adds to the ground-state aldehyde-BCl3 complex, releasing a chlorine atom. The existence of a radical chain was corroborated by quantum yield measurements and by theory. The photolytic mechanism described here is based on electron transfer between a bound chlorine and an aromatic π-system on the substrate. Thereby, it avoids the use of redox-active transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Schwinger
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin T Peschel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Piotr Kabaciński
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Knoll
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Regina de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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13
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208329. [PMID: 35920713 PMCID: PMC9826208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While 2-alk-ω-enyloxy-sustituted benzaldehydes do not display any photochemical reactivity at the arene core, the respective iminium perchlorates were found to undergo efficient reactions either upon direct irradiation (λ=366 nm) or under sensitizing conditions (λ=420 nm, 2.5 mol% thioxanthen-9-one). Three pathways were found: (a) Most commonly, the reaction led to benzoxacyclic products in which the olefin in the tether underwent a formal, yet unprecedented carboformylation (13 examples, 44-99 % yield). The cascade process occurred with high diastereoselectivity and was found to be stereoconvergent. (b) If a substituent resides in the 3-position of the benzene ring, a meta photocycloaddition was observed which produced tetracyclic skeletons with five stereogenic centers in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (2 examples, 58-79 % yield). (c) If the tether was internally substituted at the alkene, an arene photocycloaddition was avoided and an azetidine was formed in an aza Paternò-Büchi reaction (2 examples, 95-98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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14
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Luguera Ruiz A, La Mantia M, Merli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Alkyl Radical Generation via C–C Bond Cleavage in 2-Substituted Oxazolidines. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12469-12476. [PMID: 36249874 PMCID: PMC9552967 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There is an urgent need to develop uncharged radical
precursors
to be activated under mild photocatalyzed conditions. 2-Substituted-1,3-oxazolidines
(Eox < 1.3 V vs SCE, smoothly prepared
from the corresponding aldehydes) have been herein employed for the
successful release of tertiary, α-oxy, and α-amido radicals
under photo-organo redox catalysis. The reaction relies on the unprecedented
C–C cleavage occurring from the radical cation of these heterocyclic
derivatives. Such a protocol is applied to the visible-light-driven
conjugate radical addition onto Michael acceptors and vinyl (hetero)arenes
under mild metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta La Mantia
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Jorea A, Ravelli D, Romarowski RM, Marconi S, Auricchio F, Fagnoni M. Photocatalyzed Functionalization of Alkenoic Acids in 3D-Printed Reactors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200898. [PMID: 35695876 PMCID: PMC9543820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of alkenoic acids possibly deriving from biomass (fumaric and citraconic acids) was carried out through conversion in important building blocks, such as γ-keto acids and succinic acid derivatives. The functionalization was carried out by addition onto the C=C double bond of radicals generated under photocatalyzed conditions from suitable hydrogen donors (mainly aldehydes) and by adopting a decatungstate salt as the photocatalyst. Syntheses were performed under batch (in a glass vessel) and flow (by using 3D-printed reactors) conditions. The design of the latter reactors allowed for an improved yield and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jorea
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoViale Brambilla 7427100PaviaItaly
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Rodrigo M. Romarowski
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
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16
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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17
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Hoffmann N. Heterocyclic Compounds in Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Reddy DS, Novitskiy IM, Kutateladze AG. Maximizing Step‐Normalized Increases in Molecular Complexity: Formal [4+2+2+2] Photoinduced Cyclization Cascade to Access Polyheterocycles Possessing Privileged Substructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver 2190 E. Iliff Ave. Denver CO 80208 USA
| | - Ivan M. Novitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver 2190 E. Iliff Ave. Denver CO 80208 USA
| | - Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver 2190 E. Iliff Ave. Denver CO 80208 USA
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19
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Lefebvre C, Van Gysel T, Michelin C, Rousset E, Djiré D, Allais F, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Radical Addition to Levoglucosenone. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Terence Van Gysel
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Clément Michelin
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
- Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Elodie Rousset
- ICMR, Groupe chimie de coordination CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Djibril Djiré
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI) CEBB AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI) CEBB AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
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20
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Reddy DS, Novitskiy IM, Kutateladze AG. Maximizing Step-Normalized Increases in Molecular Complexity: Formal [4+2+2+2] Photoinduced Cyclization Cascade to Access Polyheterocycles Possessing Privileged Substructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112573. [PMID: 34850525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new complexity building photoinduced cascade which amounts to an unprecedented formal [4+2+2+2] cycloaddition topology is developed to access complex nitrogen polyheterocycles. This photocascade is initiated by the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in aromatic amino ketones with tethered dual unsaturated pendants, i.e. pyrrole and alkenic moieties, resulting in the formation of four σ-bonds and setting six new stereogenic centers in a single experimentally simple photochemical step with up to 220 mcbit complexity increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave., Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Ivan M Novitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave., Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Andrei G Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave., Denver, CO 80208, USA
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21
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Gomez Fernandez MA, Lefebvre C, Sudau A, Genix P, Vors JP, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Studies on The Application of The Paternò-Büchi Reaction to The Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Scaffolds. Chemistry 2021; 27:15722-15729. [PMID: 34523761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the context of new scaffolds obtained by photochemical reactions, Paternò-Büchi reactions between heteroaromatic, trifluoromethylphenyl ketone and electron rich alkenes to give oxetanes are described. A comprehensive study has then been carried out on the reaction of aromatic ketones with fluorinated alkenes. Depending on the substitution pattern at the oxetane ring, a metathesis reaction is described as a minor side process to give mono fluorinated alkenes. Overall, this last reaction corresponds to a photo-Wittig reaction and yield amid isosteres. In order to explain the uncommon regioselectivity of the Paternò-Büchi reaction with these alkenes, electrostatic-potential derived charges (ESP) have been determined. In a second computational study, the relative stabilities of the typical 1,4-diradical intermediates of the Paternò-Büchi reaction have been determined. The results well explain the regioselectivity. Further transformations of the oxetanes or previous functionalization of the fluoroalkenes open perspectives for oxetanes as core structures for biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gomez Fernandez
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 1 UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 1 UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Alexander Sudau
- Research & Development, Crop Science, Lab 2, Bayer AG, 2 Alfred-Nobel-Str., 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Pierre Genix
- Crop Science Division, Disease Control Chemistry 2, Bayer S.A.S., Building La Dargoire D1 366, 69263, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Crop Science Division, Disease Control Chemistry 2, Bayer S.A.S., Building La Dargoire D1 366, 69263, Lyon, France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 1 UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, France
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22
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Zhang Y, Xia M, Li M, Ping Q, Yuan Z, Liu X, Yin H, Huang S, Rao Y. Energy-Transfer-Mediated Photocatalysis by a Bioinspired Organic Perylenephotosensitizer HiBRCP. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15284-15297. [PMID: 34647457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer plays a special role in photocatalysis by utilizing the potential energy of the excited state through indirect excitation, in which a photosensitizer determines the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction. Bioinspired by the energy-transfer ability of natural product cercosporin, here we developed a green and highly efficient organic photosensitizer HiBRCP (hexaisobutyryl reduced cercosporin) through structural modification of cercosporin. After structural manipulation, its triplet energy was greatly improved, and then, it could markedly promote the efficient geometrical isomerization of alkenes from the E-isomer to the Z-isomer. Moreover, it was also effective for energy-transfer-mediated organometallic catalysis, which allowed realization of the cross-coupling of aryl bromides and carboxylic acids through efficient energy transfer from HiBRCP to nickel complexes. Thus, the study on the relationship between structural manipulation and their photophysical properties provided guidance for further modification of cercosporin, which could be applied to more meaningful and challenging energy-transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mingze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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23
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
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24
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24039-24042. [PMID: 34519408 PMCID: PMC8596452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prezizane-type sesquiterpene agarozizanol B was synthesized employing a photochemical cascade reaction as the key step. Starting from a readily available 1-indanone with a tethered olefin, a strained tetracyclic skeleton was assembled which contained all carbon atoms of the sesquiterpene with the correct relative configuration. The conversion into the tricyclic prezizane skeleton was accomplished by a strategic cyclopropane bond cleavage. Prior to the cyclopropane ring opening an adaption of the oxidation state was required, which could be combined with a reductive resolution step. After removal of two functional groups, the natural product was obtained both in racemic form or, if resolved, as the (+)-enantiomer which was shown to be identical to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
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25
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Desvals A, Baudron SA, Bulach V, Hoffmann N. Photocycloadditions of Arenes Derived from Lignin. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13310-13321. [PMID: 34551249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular photocycloaddition reactions of 3,4-alkoxybenzonitriles derived from vanillin with alkenes have been investigated. In contrast to previous reports on photochemical reactions with these compounds, mainly [2 + 3] cycloaddition has been observed. A competing [2 + 2] photocycloaddition plays a minor role. Most probably, these additions occur at the singlet state S1. In the case of a triplet reaction, a different regioselectivity of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition would be observed. Linear and angular [2 + 3] cycloadducts are formed as major products. The first isomer is transformed in the second one by a photochemical vinyl-cyclopropane rearrangement, which increases the selectivity of the reaction. The influence of the substitution pattern on the reactivity and the selectivity has also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Desvals
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane A Baudron
- CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Bulach
- CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
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26
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Gomez Fernandez MA, Nascimento de Oliveira M, Zanetti A, Schwertz G, Cossy J, Amara Z. Photochemical Hydrothiolation of Amorphadiene and Formal Synthesis of Artemisinin via a Pummerer Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:5593-5598. [PMID: 33900782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new access to artemisinin is reported based on a selective photochemical hydrothiolation of amorphadiene, a waste product of the industrial semisynthetic route. This study highlights the discovery of two distinctive activation pathways under solvent-free conditions or using a photocatalyst promoting H-abstraction. Subsequently, a chemoselective oxidation of the resulting photochemically generated thioether, followed by a Pummerer rearrangement, affords dihydroartemisinic aldehyde, a key intermediate in the synthesis of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gomez Fernandez
- Equipe de Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Marllon Nascimento de Oliveira
- Equipe de Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Zanetti
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Schwertz
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zacharias Amara
- Equipe de Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
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27
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Latrache M, Hoffmann N. Photochemical radical cyclization reactions with imines, hydrazones, oximes and related compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7418-7435. [PMID: 34047736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are a key method to generate radical intermediates. Often under these conditions no toxic reagents are necessary. During recent years, photo-redox catalytic reactions considerably push this research domain. These reaction conditions are particularly mild and safe which enables the transformation of poly-functional substrates into complex products. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is particularly important since they play an important role in the research of biologically active products. In this review, photochemical radical cyclization reactions of imines and related compounds such as oximes, hydrazones and chloroimines are presented. Reaction mechanisms are discussed and the structural diversity and complexity of the products are presented. Radical intermediates are mainly generated in two ways: (1) electronic excitation is achieved by light absorption of the substrates. (2) The application of photoredox catalysis is now systematically studied for these reactions. Recently, also excitation of charge transfer complexes has been studied in this context from many perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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28
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Radjagobalou R, Freitas VDDS, Blanco JF, Gros F, Dauchet J, Cornet JF, Loubiere K. A revised 1D equivalent model for the determination of incident photon flux density in a continuous-flow LED-driven spiral-shaped microreactor using the actinometry method with Reinecke’s salt. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Bacher EP, Koh KJ, Lepore AJ, Oliver AG, Wiest O, Ashfeld BL. A Phosphine-Mediated Dearomative Skeletal Rearrangement of Dianiline Squaraine Dyes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2853-2857. [PMID: 33769064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorus(III)-mediated dearomatization of ortho-substituted dianiline squaraine dyes results in an unusual skeletal rearrangement to provide exotic, highly conjugated benzofuranone and oxindole scaffolds bearing a C3 side chain comprised of a linear conflagration of an enol, a phosphorus ylide, and 2,4-disubstituted aniline. Employing experimental and computational analysis, a mechanistic evaluation revealed a striking dependence on the acidity of the aniline ortho substituent. Notably, the rearrangement adducts underwent rapid and complete reversion to the parent squaraine in the presence of a Brønsted acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Bacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kevin J Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Antonio J Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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30
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Kretz B, Egger DA. Accurate Molecular Geometries in Complex Excited-State Potential Energy Surfaces from Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:357-366. [PMID: 33284603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of electronic excitations and structural changes in molecules impacts nonradiative decay and charge transfer in the excited state, thus influencing excited-state lifetimes and photocatalytic reaction rates in optoelectronic and energy devices. To capture such effects requires computational methods providing an accurate description of excited-state potential energy surfaces and geometries. We suggest time-dependent density functional theory using optimally tuned range-separated hybrid (OT-RSH) functionals as an accurate approach to obtain excited-state molecular geometries. We show that OT-RSH provides accurate molecular geometries in excited-state potential energy surfaces that are complex and involve an interplay of local and charge-transfer excitations, for which conventional semilocal and hybrid functionals fail. At the same time, the nonempirical OT-RSH approach maintains the high accuracy of parametrized functionals (e.g., B3LYP) for predicting excited-state geometries of small organic molecules showing valence excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kretz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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31
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Nitti A, Martinelli A, Batteux F, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Pasini D. Blue light driven free-radical polymerization using arylazo sulfones as initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of a broad range of electron-poor olefins has been achieved under free-radical conditions by using arylazo sulfones as visible light photoinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrice Batteux
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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32
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Metal‐free Photochemical Atom Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) of BrCCl
3
to Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Qiu D, Lian C, Mao J, Fagnoni M, Protti S. Dyedauxiliary Groups, an Emerging Approach in Organic Chemistry. The Case of Arylazo Sulfones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12813-12822. [PMID: 32956584 PMCID: PMC8011925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The number of research papers that report photocatalyst-free protocols is currently increasing. Among the different approaches proposed, the conversion of a strong C-X bond of a stable substrate into a photolabile reactive moiety has been recently proposed. In this Synopsis, we introduce the so-dubbed dyedauxiliary group strategy by focusing on arylazo sulfones that are bench stable and visible-light responsive derivatives of anilines that have been exploited as precursors of a wide range of intermediates, including carbon-centered radicals as well as aryl cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Chang Lian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
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34
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35
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Wen Z, Maheshwari A, Sambiagio C, Deng Y, Laudadio G, Van Aken K, Sun Y, Gemoets HPL, Noël T. Optimization of a Decatungstate-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Alkylation Using a Continuous Oscillatory Millistructured Photoreactor. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:2356-2361. [PMID: 33100815 PMCID: PMC7573979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) has emerged as an efficient and versatile photocatalyst for hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes that enables the cleavage of both activated and unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds. Using a recently developed oscillatory millistructured continuous-flow photoreactor, investigations of a decatungstate-catalyzed C(sp3)-H alkylation protocol were carried out, and the results are presented here. The performance of the reactor was evaluated in correlation to several chemical and process parameters, including residence time, light intensity, catalyst loading, and substrate/reagent concentration. In comparison with previously reported batch and flow protocols, conditions were found that led to considerably higher productivity, achieving a throughput up to 36.7 mmol/h with a residence time of only 7.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Apoorva Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sambiagio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yuchao Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Van Aken
- Creaflow BV, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium.,Ecosynth NV, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
| | - Yuhan Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | | | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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36
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Singh M, Garza N, Pearson Z, Douglas J, Boskovic Z. Broad assessment of bioactivity of a collection of spiroindane pyrrolidines through “cell painting”. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Slanina T, Ayub R, Toldo J, Sundell J, Rabten W, Nicaso M, Alabugin I, Fdez Galván I, Gupta AK, Lindh R, Orthaber A, Lewis RJ, Grönberg G, Bergman J, Ottosson H. Impact of Excited-State Antiaromaticity Relief in a Fundamental Benzene Photoreaction Leading to Substituted Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10942-10954. [PMID: 32456426 PMCID: PMC7497645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Benzene exhibits a rich photochemistry
which can provide access
to complex molecular scaffolds that are difficult to access with reactions
in the electronic ground state. While benzene is aromatic in its ground
state, it is antiaromatic in its lowest ππ* excited
states. Herein, we clarify to what extent relief of excited-state
antiaromaticity (ESAA) triggers a fundamental benzene photoreaction:
the photoinitiated nucleophilic addition of solvent to benzene in
acidic media leading to substituted bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes. The
reaction scope was probed experimentally, and it was found that silyl-substituted
benzenes provide the most rapid access to bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene derivatives,
formed as single isomers with three stereogenic centers in yields
up to 75% in one step. Two major mechanism hypotheses, both involving
ESAA relief, were explored through quantum chemical calculations and
experiments. The first mechanism involves protonation of excited-state
benzene and subsequent rearrangement to bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenium cation,
trapped by a nucleophile, while the second involves photorearrangement
of benzene to benzvalene followed by protonation and nucleophilic
addition. Our studies reveal that the second mechanism is operative.
We also clarify that similar ESAA relief leads to puckering of S1-state silabenzene and pyridinium ion, where the photorearrangement
of the latter is of established synthetic utility. Finally, we identified
causes for the limitations of the reaction, information that should
be valuable in explorations of similar photoreactions. Taken together,
we reveal how the ESAA in benzene and 6π-electron heterocycles
trigger photochemical distortions that provide access to complex three-dimensional
molecular scaffolds from simple reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josene Toldo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wangchuk Rabten
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Nicaso
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry - UC3, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergman
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Næsborg L, Jandl C, Zech A, Bach T. Complex Carbocyclic Skeletons from Aryl Ketones through a Three-Photon Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5656-5659. [PMID: 31868273 PMCID: PMC7687228 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Starting from readily available 7-substituted 1-indanones, products with a tetracyclo[5.3.1.01,7 04,11 ]undec-2-ene skeleton were obtained upon irradiation at λ=350 nm (eight examples, 49-67 % yield). The assembly of the structurally complex carbon framework proceeds in a three-photon process comprising an ortho photocycloaddition, a disrotatory [4π] photocyclization, and a di-π-methane rearrangement. The flat aromatic core of the starting material is converted into a functionalized polycyclic hydrocarbon with exit vectors in three dimensions. Ring opening reactions at the central cyclopropane ring were explored, which enable the preparation of tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11 ]undec-2-enes and of tricyclo[6.2.1.01,5 ]undecanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Næsborg
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Andreas Zech
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
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39
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Petzold D, Giedyk M, Chatterjee A, König B. A Retrosynthetic Approach for Photocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petzold
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01‐224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anamitra Chatterjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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40
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Abstract
A pharmaceutical industry viewpoint on how the fundamental laws of photochemistry are used to identify the parameters required to implement photochemistry from lab to scale. Parameters such as photon stoichiometry and light intensity are highlighted within to inform future publications.
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41
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Næsborg L, Jandl C, Zech A, Bach T. Complex Carbocyclic Skeletons from Aryl Ketones through a Three‐Photon Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Næsborg
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Zech
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
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42
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Rößler M, Huth PU, Liauw MA. Process analytical technology (PAT) as a versatile tool for real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combining in situ Raman spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis enables the real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions. The applicability is demonstrated on the photooxidation of 4-methoxythiophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rößler
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Philipp U. Huth
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Marcel A. Liauw
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
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43
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Zhou Y, Liu W, Xing Z, Guan J, Song Z, Peng Y. External-photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated aerobic oxidation and 1,4-bisfunctionalization of N-alkyl isoquinolinium salts. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced aerobic alternate transformations of N-alkyl isoquinolinium/quinolinium salts in the absence of any external photocatalyst have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
| | - Zhiming Xing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
| | - Jiali Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
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44
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Abstract
Since the beginning of the millennium, organocatalysis has been gaining a predominant role in asymmetric synthesis and it is, nowadays, a foundation of catalysis. Synergistic catalysis, combining two or more different catalytic cycles acting in concert, exploits the vast knowledge acquired in organocatalysis and other fields to perform reactions that would be otherwise impossible. Merging organocatalysis with photo-, metallo- and organocatalysis itself, researchers have ingeniously devised a range of activations. This feature review, focusing on selected synergistic catalytic approaches, aims to provide a flavor of the creativity and innovation in the area, showing ground-breaking examples of organocatalysts, such as proline derivatives, hydrogen bond-mediated, Cinchona alkaloids or phosphoric acids catalysts, which work cooperatively with different catalytic partners.
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45
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Lefebvre C, Fortier L, Hoffmann N. Photochemical Rearrangements in Heterocyclic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Lefebvre
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Lucas Fortier
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
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46
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Stegbauer S, Jeremias N, Jandl C, Bach T. Reversal of reaction type selectivity by Lewis acid coordination: the ortho photocycloaddition of 1- and 2-naphthaldehyde. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8566-8570. [PMID: 31803430 PMCID: PMC6839505 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewis acids, such as AlBr3, completely alter the photochemical behaviour of naphthaldehydes. Instead of typical carbonyl photochemistry, the aldehydes undergo cycloaddition reactions at the arene core upon visible-light irradiation.
The value of a specific substrate class for synthetic applications is greatly enhanced if different types of reactions can be performed selectively upon a judicious choice of reaction conditions. In the present study it was shown that the typical photochemical behaviour of naphthaldehydes is completely altered in the presence of Lewis acids. Without Lewis acids, reactions at the carbonyl group are exclusively observed while Lewis acids facilitate a visible light-mediated cycloaddition at the arene core providing access to products of aromatic C–H functionalization via cyclobutane intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stegbauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Noah Jeremias
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
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47
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Zech A, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Access to the Skeleton of Protoilludane Sesquiterpenes through a Photochemical Reaction Cascade: Total Synthesis of Atlanticone C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zech
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
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48
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Zech A, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Access to the Skeleton of Protoilludane Sesquiterpenes through a Photochemical Reaction Cascade: Total Synthesis of Atlanticone C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14629-14632. [PMID: 31478314 PMCID: PMC7687024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a single photochemical operation (λ≥350 nm) an easily accessible indanone derivative was converted into a structurally complex precursor of the protoilludane sesquiterpenes. The product (60 % yield) contains all 15 carbon atoms of the skeleton in the required connectivity and was transformed into the natural product atlanticone C (9 steps, 6 % overall yield). In addition, it was shown that other protoilludanes, such as Δ6 -protoilludene and paesslerin A, can be prepared in a concise fashion via the photochemical key intermediate. The photochemical reaction cascade comprises an ortho photocycloaddition, a thermal disrotatory ring opening and a regioselective disrotatory [4π] photocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zech
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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49
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Strada A, Fredditori M, Zanoni G, Protti S. Acid Catalyzed Formation of C⁻C and C⁻S Bonds via Excited State Proton Transfer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071318. [PMID: 30987238 PMCID: PMC6480163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of 2-naphthol and 7-bromo-2-naphthol as organic photoacids are exploited in organic synthesis for the preparation of benzyl sulfides (using a trichloroacetimidate derivative as the starting substrate) and polycyclic amines via acid catalyzed condensation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Strada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mattia Fredditori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Michelin C, Hoffmann N. Photosensitization and Photocatalysis—Perspectives in Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Michelin
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Groupe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Groupe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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