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Seo H, Cho YC, Ju A, Lee S, Park BC, Park SG, Kim JH, Kim K, Cho S. Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 acts as an anti-inflammatory regulator by inhibiting the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17348. [PMID: 29229953 PMCID: PMC5725455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), which inactivates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), suppresses tumors in several types of cancer, its functional roles remain largely unknown. Here, we show that DUSP5 is induced during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation and inhibits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. DUSP5 mRNA and protein expression increased transiently in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and then returned to basal levels. DUSP5 overexpression in RAW 264.7 cells suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas knockdown of DUSP5 increased their expression. Investigation of two major inflammatory signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB, using activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB reporter plasmids, respectively, showed that NF-κB transcription activity was downregulated by DUSP5 in a phosphatase activity-independent manner whereas AP-1 activity was inhibited by DUSP5 phosphatase activity towards ERK,. Further investigation showed that DUSP5 directly interacts with transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinases (IKKs) but not with IκBα. DUSP5 binding to IKKs interfered with the association of TAK1 with IKKs, suggesting that DUSP5 might act as a competitive inhibitor of TAK1-IKKs association. Therefore, we propose that DUSP5 negatively regulates ERK and NF-κB in a phosphatase activity-dependent and -independent manner, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Datta T, Przyklenk K, Datta NS. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide: A Novel Endocrine Cardioprotective "Conditioning Mimetic". J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:529-537. [PMID: 28403647 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417702976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An as-yet limited body of evidence suggests that calcium-regulating endocrine hormones-in particular, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-may have unappreciated cardioprotective effects. The current review focuses on the concept that PTHrP may, via modulation of classic cardioprotective signaling pathways, provide a novel strategy to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuka Datta
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,3 Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nabanita S Datta
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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3
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Kusano R, Fujita K, Shinoda Y, Nagaura Y, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Watanabe T, Matsui Y, Fukaya M, Sakagami H, Sato T, Funahashi JI, Ohnishi M, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. Targeted disruption of the mouse protein phosphataseppm1lgene leads to structural abnormalities in the brain. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3606-3615. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusano
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Kousuke Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yuko Nagaura
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences; Nara Women's University; Nara Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Creative interdisciplinary Research Division; The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Funahashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Motoko Ohnishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - Shinri Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Takayasu Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Center for Gene Research; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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Olson AK, Protheroe KN, Scholz TD, Segar JL. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Akt Are Developmentally Regulated in the Chronically Anemic Fetal Sheep Heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:157-65. [PMID: 16638585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase B (Akt) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate hypertrophy in the adult heart, although their importance in the developing heart is poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to determine if volume loading the fetal heart resulting from chronic anemia affects regulation of Akt and the MAPKs and if this response is developmentally regulated. METHODS Anemia was created by 7 days of isovolumic hemorrhage beginning at 101 days (early GA) or 129 days (late GA) gestational age (GA) in fetal sheep (term = 145 days), following which protein levels of total and active Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 were determined in the right and left ventricle (RV and LV). RV protein-to-DNA ratios were also assessed. RESULTS At both GAs, ventricular (RV + LV + septum) weight normalized to body weight was significantly increased in anemic fetuses. Anemia had no effect on expression of myocardial total or active Akt, JNK, or p38 at either GA. Levels of total ERK1/2 were also unchanged, although active ERK1/2 was significantly decreased in the late but not early GA anemic fetuses. Total JNK and total and active ERK1/2 and Akt were significantly greater in early versus late GA anemic fetuses. Protein-to-DNA ratios were unchanged in response to anemia at both GAs, but were greater in late GA compared to early GA anemic fetuses. CONCLUSION These results identify important developmental differences in the response of the MAPKs and Akt in the stressed fetal heart. Differences in protein-to-DNA ratios likely reflect the different populations of cardiomyocytes composing the fetal heart at these two GAs and their cell-dependent response to a hemodynamic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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5
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The protective mechanism of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) in H2O2-induced injury of feline esophageal epithelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1324-34. [PMID: 27522656 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) is a flavonoid glucoside extracted from Rumex Aquaticus. Recent studies have shown that QGC exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidateve effect in vivo and cytoprotective effect in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), at low concentration, play role as a primary signal or second messenger, however, at high concentration, ROS are cytotoxic. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanism of QGC in H2O2-induced injury of Feline Esophageal Epithelial Cells. Primary-cultured feline esophagus cells were identified by an indirect immunofluorescent staining method using a cytokeratin monoclonal antibody. Cell viability was determined by the conventional MTT reduction assay. Western blot analysis was performed with specific antibodies to investigate the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB, and IκB-α, and the expression of COX-2. When the cells were exposed to 600 μM H2O2 medium for 24 h, cell viability decreased to 54 %. However, when cells were pretreated with 50-150 μM QGC for 12 h, the viability of cells exposed to H2O2 significantly increased in the dose dependent manner. QGC (50 μM, 12 h) also inhibited the expression of COX-2 induced by 10 μM H2O2 for 24 h. We found that treatment of H2O2 activated p38 MAPK and JNK, but not ERK. However QGC inhibited the H2O2-induced p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, NF-κB was activated by H2O2 and translocated into the nucleus, but QGC inhibited the activation of NF-κB by blocking degradation of IκB. These data suggest that QGC reduces H2O2-induced COX-2 production by modulating the p38 MAPK, JNK, NF-κB signal pathway in feline esophageal epithelial cells.
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Dayem AA, Kim B, Gurunathan S, Choi HY, Yang G, Saha SK, Han D, Han J, Kim K, Kim JH, Cho SG. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles induce neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via modulation of reactive oxygen species, phosphatases, and kinase signaling pathways. Biotechnol J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Colquhoun DR, Lyashkov AE, Ubaida Mohien C, Aquino VN, Bullock BT, Dinglasan RR, Agnew BJ, Graham DRM. Bioorthogonal mimetics of palmitoyl-CoA and myristoyl-CoA and their subsequent isolation by click chemistry and characterization by mass spectrometry reveal novel acylated host-proteins modified by HIV-1 infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:2066-77. [PMID: 25914232 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein acylation plays a critical role in protein localization and function. Acylation is essential for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) assembly and budding of HIV-1 from the plasma membrane in lipid raft microdomains and is mediated by myristoylation of the Gag polyprotein and the copackaging of the envelope protein is facilitated by colocalization mediated by palmitoylation. Since the viral accessory protein NEF has been shown to alter the substrate specificity of myristoyl transferases, and alter cargo trafficking lipid rafts, we hypothesized that HIV-1 infection may alter protein acylation globally. To test this hypothesis, we labeled HIV-1 infected cells with biomimetics of acyl azides, which are incorporated in a manner analogous to natural acyl-Co-A. A terminal azide group allowed us to use a copper catalyzed click chemistry to conjugate the incorporated modifications to a number of substrates to carry out SDS-PAGE, fluorescence microscopy, and enrichment for LC-MS/MS. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 103 and 174 proteins from the myristic and palmitic azide enrichments, with 27 and 45 proteins respectively that differentiated HIV-1 infected from uninfected cells. This approach has provided us with important insights into HIV-1 biology and is widely applicable to many virological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Colquhoun
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexey E Lyashkov
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ceereena Ubaida Mohien
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica N Aquino
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon T Bullock
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian J Agnew
- Biosciences Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - David R M Graham
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Palanivel K, Kanimozhi V, Kadalmani B. Verrucarin A alters cell-cycle regulatory proteins and induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-dependent p38MAPK activation in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10159-67. [PMID: 25027398 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Verrucarin A (VA), an active constituent of pathogenic fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which VA exerts its inhibitory potential remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that VA inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequently induced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss, leading to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, PARP degradation, and apoptosis. VA effectively increased the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and diminished the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt. In addition, VA caused cell cycle deregulation through the induction of p21 and p53. Furthermore, ROS scavenger (n-acetyl-L-cysteine) and p38MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) effectively abrogated the VA-induced cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis. Conversely, U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, enhanced the VA-induced apoptotic signals. Taken together, our results suggest that VA-induces apoptosis and cell cycle deregulation in MCF-7 cells through ROS-dependent p38MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Palanivel
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Morente V, Pérez-Sen R, Ortega F, Huerta-Cepas J, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT. Neuroprotection elicited by P2Y13 receptors against genotoxic stress by inducing DUSP2 expression and MAPK signaling recovery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1886-98. [PMID: 24851838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides activating P2Y13 receptors display neuroprotective actions against different apoptotic stimuli in cerebellar granule neurons. In the present study, P2Y13 neuroprotection was analyzed in conditions of genotoxic stress. Exposure to cisplatin and UV radiation induced caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death, and p38 MAPK signaling de-regulation. Pre-treatment with P2Y13 nucleotide agonist, 2methyl-thio-ADP (2MeSADP), restored granule neuron survival and prevented p38 long-lasting activation induced by cytotoxic treatments. Microarray gene expression analysis in 2MeSADP-stimulated cells revealed over-representation of genes related to protein phosphatase activity. Among them, dual-specificity phosphatase-2, DUSP2, was validated as a transcriptional target for P2Y13 receptors by QPCR. This effect could explain 2MeSADP ability to dephosphorylate a DUSP2 substrate, p38, reestablishing the inactive form. In addition, cisplatin-induced p38 sustained activation correlated perfectly with progressive reduction in DUSP2 expression. In conclusion, P2Y13 receptors regulate DUSP2 expression and contribute to p38 signaling homeostasis and survival in granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Morente
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaime Huerta-Cepas
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader, 88., Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - M Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
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Dayem AA, Kim B, Gurunathan S, Choi HY, Yang G, Saha SK, Han D, Han J, Kim K, Kim JH, Cho SG. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles induce neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via modulation of reactive oxygen species, phosphatases, and kinase signaling pathways. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:934-43. [PMID: 24827677 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nano-scale materials are noted for unique properties, distinct from those of their bulk material equivalents. In this study, we prepared spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of about 30 nm and tested their potency to induce neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells are considered an ideal in vitro model for studying neurogenesis, as they can be maintained in an undifferentiated state or be induced to differentiate into neuron-like phenotypes in vitro by several differentiation-inducing agents. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells by biologically synthesized AgNPs led to cell morphological changes and significant increase in neurite length and enhanced the expression of neuronal differentiation markers such as Map-2, β-tubulin III, synaptophysin, neurogenin-1, Gap-43, and Drd-2. Furthermore, we observed an increase in generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of several kinases such as ERK and AKT, and downregulation of expression of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in AgNPs-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that AgNPs modulate the intracellular signaling pathways, leading to neuronal differentiation, and could be applied as promising nanomaterials for stem cell research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal model and Stem cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang NS, Li HY, Liu JS, Yang WD. Gene expression profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver after acute exposure to okadaic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:791-802. [PMID: 24637248 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a main component of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, is a strong and specific inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. However, not all of the OA-induced effects can be explained by this phosphatase inhibition, and controversial results on OA are increasing. To provide clues on potential mechanisms of OA other than phosphatase inhibition, here, acute toxicity of OA was evaluated in zebrafish, and changes in gene expression in zebrafish liver tissues upon exposure to OA were observed by microarray. The i.p. ED50 (6 h) of OA on zebrafish was 1.54 μg OA/g body weight (bw). Among the genes analyzed on the zebrafish array, 55 genes were significantly up-regulated and 36 down-regulated in the fish liver tissue upon exposure to 0.176 μg OA/g bw (low-dose group, LD) compared with the low ethanol control (LE). However, there were no obvious functional clusters for them. On the contrary, fish exposure to 1.760 μg OA/g bw (high-dose group, HD) yielded a great number of differential expressed genes (700 up and 285 down) compared with high ethanol control (HE), which clustered in several functional terms such as p53 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc. These genes were involved in protein phosphatase activity, translation factor activity, heat shock protein binding, as well as transmembrane transporter activity. Our findings may give some useful information on the pathways of OA-induced injury in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-sheng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Wageningen University and Research Centre, Centre for Water and Climate, Alterra, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hong-ye Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jie-sheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei-dong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.
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Cesari IM, Carvalho E, Figueiredo Rodrigues M, Mendonça BDS, Amôedo ND, Rumjanek FD. Methyl jasmonate: putative mechanisms of action on cancer cells cycle, metabolism, and apoptosis. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:572097. [PMID: 24648844 PMCID: PMC3933403 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJ), an oxylipid that induces defense-related mechanisms in plants, has been shown to be active against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, without affecting normal cells. Here we review most of the described MJ activities in an attempt to get an integrated view and better understanding of its multifaceted modes of action. MJ (1) arrests cell cycle, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, (2) causes cell death through the intrinsic/extrinsic proapoptotic, p53-independent apoptotic, and nonapoptotic (necrosis) pathways, (3) detaches hexokinase from the voltage-dependent anion channel, dissociating glycolytic and mitochondrial functions, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, favoring cytochrome c release and ATP depletion, activating pro-apoptotic, and inactivating antiapoptotic proteins, (4) induces reactive oxygen species mediated responses, (5) stimulates MAPK-stress signaling and redifferentiation in leukemia cells, (6) inhibits overexpressed proinflammatory enzymes in cancer cells such as aldo-keto reductase 1 and 5-lipoxygenase, and (7) inhibits cell migration and shows antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities. Finally, MJ may act as a chemosensitizer to some chemotherapics helping to overcome drug resistant. The complete lack of toxicity to normal cells and the rapidity by which MJ causes damage to cancer cells turn MJ into a promising anticancer agent that can be used alone or in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Mario Cesari
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Figueiredo Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna dos Santos Mendonça
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nivea Dias Amôedo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin David Rumjanek
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, Sala 22, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zhang D, Song H, Cheng H, Hao D, Wang H, Kan G, Jin H, Yu D. The acid phosphatase-encoding gene GmACP1 contributes to soybean tolerance to low-phosphorus stress. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004061. [PMID: 24391523 PMCID: PMC3879153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for all living cells and organisms, and low-P stress is a major factor constraining plant growth and yield worldwide. In plants, P efficiency is a complex quantitative trait involving multiple genes, and the mechanisms underlying P efficiency are largely unknown. Combining linkage analysis, genome-wide and candidate-gene association analyses, and plant transformation, we identified a soybean gene related to P efficiency, determined its favorable haplotypes and developed valuable functional markers. First, six major genomic regions associated with P efficiency were detected by performing genome-wide associations (GWAs) in various environments. A highly significant region located on chromosome 8, qPE8, was identified by both GWAs and linkage mapping and explained 41% of the phenotypic variation. Then, a regional mapping study was performed with 40 surrounding markers in 192 diverse soybean accessions. A strongly associated haplotype (P = 10(-7)) consisting of the markers Sat_233 and BARC-039899-07603 was identified, and qPE8 was located in a region of approximately 250 kb, which contained a candidate gene GmACP1 that encoded an acid phosphatase. GmACP1 overexpression in soybean hairy roots increased P efficiency by 11-20% relative to the control. A candidate-gene association analysis indicated that six natural GmACP1 polymorphisms explained 33% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles and haplotypes of GmACP1 associated with increased transcript expression correlated with higher enzyme activity. The discovery of the optimal haplotype of GmACP1 will now enable the accurate selection of soybeans with higher P efficiencies and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying P efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haina Song
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Derong Hao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guizhen Kan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hangxia Jin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
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14
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Yoon DH, Lim MH, Lee YR, Sung GH, Lee TH, Jeon BH, Cho JY, Song WO, Park H, Choi S, Kim TW. A novel synthetic analog of Militarin, MA-1 induces mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by ROS generation in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:659-71. [PMID: 24161344 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic Militarin analog-1[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-1,6-bis(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy) hexane-2,3,4,5-tetraol] is a novel derivative of constituents from Cordyceps militaris, which has been used to treat a variety of chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, hyperglycemia and cancers. Here, we report for the first time the synthesis of Militarin analog-1 (MA-1) and the apoptotic mechanism of MA-1 against human lung cancer cell lines. Treatment with MA-1 significantly inhibited the viability of 3 human lung cancer cell lines. The inhibition of viability and growth in MA-1-treated A549 cells with an IC50 of 5μM were mediated through apoptosis induction, as demonstrated by an increase in DNA fragmentation, sub-G0/G1-DNA fraction, nuclear condensation, and phosphatidylserine exposure. The apoptotic cell death caused mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through regulation of expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins, leading to cytochrome c release in a time-dependent manner. Subsequently, the final stage of apoptosis, activation of caspase-9/-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, was induced. Furthermore, A549 lung cancer cells were more responsive to MA-1 than a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B), involving the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The pharmacological inhibition of ROS generation and JNK/p38 MAPK exhibited attenuated DNA fragmentation in MA-1-induced apoptosis. Oral administration of MA-1 also retarded growth of A549 orthotopic xenografts. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the new synthetic derivative MA-1 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis through ROS generation and regulation of MAPKs and may be a potent therapeutic agent against human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Volloch V, Olsen BR. Why cellular stress suppresses adipogenesis in skeletal tissue, but is ineffective in adipose tissue: control of mesenchymal cell differentiation via integrin binding sites in extracellular matrices. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:365-71. [PMID: 23792045 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective addresses one of the major puzzles of adipogenesis in adipose tissue, namely its resistance to cellular stress. It introduces a concept of "density" of integrin binding sites in extracellular matrix, proposes a cellular signaling explanation for the observed effects of matrix elasticity and of cell shape on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and discusses how specialized integrin binding sites in collagen IV-containing matrices guard two pivotal physiological and evolutionary processes: stress-resistant adipogenesis in adipose tissues and preservation of pluripotency of mesenchymal stem-like cells in their storage niches. Finally, it proposes strategies to suppress adipogenesis in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Volloch
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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N-Myristoylation is essential for protein phosphatases PPM1A and PPM1B to dephosphorylate their physiological substrates in cells. Biochem J 2013; 449:741-9. [PMID: 23088624 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PPM [metal-dependent protein phosphatase, formerly called PP2C (protein phosphatase 2C)] family members play essential roles in regulating a variety of signalling pathways. While searching for protein phosphatase(s) that act on AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), we found that PPM1A and PPM1B are N-myristoylated and that this modification is essential for their ability to dephosphorylate the α subunit of AMPK (AMPKα) in cells. N-Myristoylation was also required for two other functions of PPM1A and PPM1B in cells. Although a non-myristoylated mutation (G2A) of PPM1A and PPM1B prevented membrane association, this relocalization did not likely cause the decreased activity towards AMPKα. In in vitro experiments, the G2A mutants exhibited reduced activities towards AMPKα, but much higher specific activity against an artificial substrate, PNPP (p-nitrophenyl phosphate), compared with the wild-type counterparts. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that N-myristoylation of PPM1A and PPM1B plays a key role in recognition of their physiological substrates in cells.
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17
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Lim JC, Park SY, Nam Y, Nguyen TT, Sohn UD. The Protective Effect of Eupatilin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury Involving 5-Lipoxygenase in Feline Esophageal Epithelial Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:313-20. [PMID: 23118554 PMCID: PMC3484515 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.5.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we focused to identify whether eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone), an extract from Artemisia argyi folium, prevents H2O2-induced injury of cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells. Cell viability was measured by the conventional MTT reduction assay. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of 5-lipoxygenase by H2O2 treatment in the absence and presence of inhibitors. When cells were exposed to 600 µM H2O2 for 24 hours, cell viability was decreased to 40%. However, when cells were pretreated with 25~150 µM eupatilin for 12 hours, viability was significantly restored in a concentration-dependent manner. H2O2-treated cells were shown to express 5-lipoxygenase, whereas the cells pretreated with eupatilin exhibited reduction in the expression of 5-lipoxygenase. The H2O2-induced increase of 5-lipoxygenase expression was prevented by SB202190, SP600125, or NAC. We further demonstrated that the level of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was also reduced by eupatilin, SB202190, SP600125, NAC, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) pretreatment. H2O2 induced the activation of p38MAPK and JNK, this activation was inhibited by eupatilin. These results indicate that eupatilin may reduce H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, and 5-lipoxygenase expression and LTB4 production by controlling the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways through antioxidative action in feline esophageal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chun Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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18
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Lakhotia SC. Long non-coding RNAs coordinate cellular responses to stress. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2012; 3:779-96. [PMID: 22976942 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Following the initial discovery of the heat shock RNA omega (hsrω) gene of Drosophila melanogaster to be non-coding (nc) and also inducible by cell stress, other stress-inducible long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been described in diverse organisms. In view of the rapid sequence divergence of lncRNAs, present knowledge of stress trasncriptome is limited and fragmented. Several known stress-related lncRNAs, associated with specific nuclear speckled domains or nucleolus, provide structural base for sequestering diverse RNA-processing/regulatory proteins. Others have roles in transcriptional or translational inhibition during stress or in signaling pathways; functions of several other lncRNAs are not yet known. Most stress-related lncRNAs act primarily by modulating activity of the proteins to which they bind or by sequestering specific sets of proteins away from the active pool. A common emerging theme is that a given lncRNA targets one or more protein/s with key role/s in the cascade of events triggered by the stress and therefore has a widespread integrative effect. Since proteins associate with RNA through short sequence motifs, the overall base sequence of functionally similar ncRNAs is often not conserved except for specific motifs. The rapid evolvability of ncRNA sequences provides elegant modules for adaptability to changing environment as binding of one or the other protein to ncRNA can alter its structure and functions in distinct ways. Thus the stress-related lncRNAs act as hubs in the cellular networks to coordinate activities of the members within and between different networks to maintain cellular homeostasis for survival or to trigger cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Lakhotia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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19
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Shinoda Y, Fujita K, Saito S, Matsui H, Kanto Y, Nagaura Y, Fukunaga K, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. Acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) recruits the protein phosphatase PPM1L to ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3024-9. [PMID: 22796112 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metal-dependent protein phosphatase family (PPM) governs a number of signaling pathways. PPM1L, originally identified as a negative regulator of stress-activated protein kinase signaling, was recently shown to be involved in the regulation of ceramide trafficking at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. Here, we identified acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) as an interacting partner of PPM1L. We showed that this association, which recruits PPM1L to ER-Golgi membrane contact sites, is mediated by a GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain in ACBD3. These results suggested that ACBD3 plays a pivotal role in ceramide transport regulation at the ER-Golgi interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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20
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Lin NY, Lin TY, Yang WH, Wang SC, Wang KT, Su YL, Jiang YW, Chang GD, Chang CJ. Differential expression and functional analysis of the tristetraprolin family during early differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:761-77. [PMID: 22701344 PMCID: PMC3371571 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tristetraprolin (TTP) family comprises zinc finger-containing AU-rich element (ARE)-binding proteins consisting of three major members: TTP, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2. The present study generated specific antibodies against each TTP member to evaluate its expression during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In contrast to the inducible expression of TTP, results indicated constitutive expression of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and their phosphorylation in response to differentiation signals. Physical RNA pull-down and functional luciferase assays revealed that ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 bound to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) mRNA and downregulated Mkp-1 3'UTR-mediated luciferase activity. Mkp-1 is an immediate early gene for which the mRNA is transiently expressed in response to differentiation signals. The half-life of Mkp-1 mRNA was longer at 30 min of induction than at 1 h and 2 h of induction. Knockdown of TTP or ZFP36L2 increased the Mkp-1 mRNA half-life at 1 h of induction. Knockdown of ZFP36L1, but not ZFP36L2, increased Mkp-1 mRNA basal levels via mRNA stabilization and downregulated ERK activation. Differentiation induced phosphorylation of ZFP36L1 through ERK and AKT signals. Phosphorylated ZFP36L1 then interacted with 14-3-3, which might decrease its mRNA destabilizing activity. Inhibition of adipogenesis also occurred in ZFP36L1 and TTP knockdown cells. The findings indicate that the differential expression of TTP family members regulates immediate early gene expression and modulates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Yi Lin
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yang Lin
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Wang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Su
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wun Jiang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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21
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Nizamutdinova IT, Kim YM, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. MKP-7, a negative regulator of JNK, regulates VCAM-1 expression through IRF-1. Cell Signal 2012; 24:866-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Cotsiki M, Oehrl W, Samiotaki M, Theodosiou A, Panayotou G. Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite. Cell Signal 2012; 24:664-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Deb I, Das S. Thyroid hormones protect astrocytes from morphine-induced apoptosis by regulating nitric oxide and pERK 1/2 pathways. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:861-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Przyklenk K, Maynard M, Greiner DL, Whittaker P. Cardioprotection with postconditioning: loss of efficacy in murine models of type-2 and type-1 diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:781-90. [PMID: 20578962 PMCID: PMC3052273 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Postconditioning (PostC), or relief of myocardial ischemia in a stuttered manner, has been shown to reduce infarct size, due in part to upregulation of survival kinase signaling. Virtually all of these data have, however, been obtained in healthy adult cohorts; the question of whether PostC-induced cardioprotection is maintained in the setting of clinically relevant comorbidities has remained largely unexplored. Accordingly, our aim was to assess the consequences of a major risk factor-diabetes-on the infarct-sparing effect of stuttered reflow. Isolated buffer-perfused hearts were obtained from normoglycemic C57BL/6J mice, BKS.Cg-m+/+Lepr(db)/J (db/db) mice (model of type-2 diabetes), C57BL/6J mice injected with streptozotocin (model of type-1 diabetes), and streptozotocin-injected mice in which normoglycemia was re-established by islet cell transplantation. All hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia and, within each cohort, hearts received either standard (control) reperfusion or three to six 10-s cycles of stuttered reflow. PostC reduced infarct size via upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in normoglycemic mice. In contrast, diabetic hearts were refractory to PostC-induced cardioprotection-an effect that, in the type-1 model, was reversed by restoration of normoglycemia. We provide novel evidence for a profound-but potentially reversible-diabetes-induced defect in the cardioprotective efficacy of PostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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25
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Mauney J, Gillen K, Volloch V. Progression of human bone marrow stromal cells into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages is differentially regulated by structural conformation of collagen I matrix via distinct signaling pathways. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:239-50. [PMID: 19375503 PMCID: PMC6817339 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) containing or consisting of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important source in tissue homeostasis and repair. Although many processes involved in their differentiation into diverse lineages have been deciphered, substantial inroads remain to be gained to synthesize a complete regulatory picture. The present study suggests that structural conformation of extracellular collagen I, the major organic matrix component in musculoskeletal tissues, plays, along with differentiation stimuli, a decisive role in the selection of differentiation lineage. It introduces a novel concept which proposes that structural transition of collagen I matrix regulates cell differentiation through distinct signaling pathways specific for the structural state of the matrix. Thus, on native collagen I matrix inefficient adipogenesis is p38-independent, whereas on its denatured counterpart, an efficient adipogenesis is primarily regulated by p38 kinase. Inversely, osteogenic differentiation occurs efficiently on native, but not on denatured collagen I matrix, with a low commencement threshold on the former and a substantially higher one on the latter. Osteogenesis on collagen I matrices in both structural conformations is fully dependent on ERK. However, whereas on native collagen I matrix osteogenic differentiation is Hsp90-dependent, on denatured collagen I matrix it is Hsp90-independent. The matrix conformation-mediated regulation appears to be one of the mechanisms determining differentiation lineage of BMSCs. It allows a novel interpretation of the bone remodeling cycle, explains the marked physiological aging-related adipogenic shift in musculoskeletal tissues, and can be a principal contributor to adipogenic shift seen in a number of clinical disorders.
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26
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Chiarini A, Armato U, Pacchiana R, Dal Pra I. Proteomic analysis of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 multiprotein complexes in cultured normal adult human astrocytes under both basal and cytokine-activated conditions. Proteomics 2009; 9:1850-60. [PMID: 19294699 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of a metabolic pathway synthesizing tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), the cofactor dimerizing and activating inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2). GCH1 protein expression and enzyme activity are minimal in cultured, phenotypically stable, untreated normal adult human astrocytes (NAHA), but are strongly induced, together with NOS-2, by a mixture of three proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma--the CM-trio) released by microglia under brain-damaging conditions. The resulting hyper-production of NO severely harms neurons. In this study, using MALDI-TOF/MS, PMF, Western immunoblotting (WB), and antibody microarrays we identified several proteins coimmunoprecipitating with GCH1. Under basal conditions, GCH1 was associated with various adaptor/regulator molecules involved in G-protein-coupled receptors signalling, protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2Cbeta (PP2Cbeta), and serine-threonine kinases like Ca(2+) calmodulin kinases (CaMKs), casein kinases (CKs), cAMP-dependent kinases (PKAs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Exposure to the three cytokines' mixture (CM-trio) significantly changed, within the 48-72 h required for the induction and activation of GCH1, the levels and identities of some of the 0 h-associated proteins: after 72 h CK-IIalpha tended to dissociate from, whereas MAPK12 and JNK3 were strongly associated with fully active GCH1. These findings provide a first enticing glimpse into the intricate mechanisms regulating GCH1 activation by proinflammatory cytokines in NAHA, and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
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27
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Davidson B. New diagnostic and molecular characteristics of malignant mesothelioma. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 32:227-40. [PMID: 19117264 DOI: 10.1080/01913120802454298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a primary cancer of the serosal cavities, an anatomic site that is also frequently affected by metastatic disease, predominantly from primary carcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary. Advances in immunohistochemistry have resulted in improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis between metastatic adenocarcinoma and malignant mesothelioma in both cytological and histological material. Recently, the author's group applied high throughput technology to the identification of new markers that may aid in differentiating malignant mesothelioma from ovarian and peritoneal serous carcinoma, tumors with closely related histogenesis and antigenic profile. In addition to the improved tools available for serosal cancer diagnosis, knowledge regarding the biology of malignant mesothelioma has been accumulating in recent years. This review presents current data regarding the diagnostic and biological aspects of malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Division of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Wang JY, Yang CH, Yeh CL, Lin CH, Chen YR. NEAP causes down-regulation of EGFR, subsequently induces the suppression of NGF-induced differentiation in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2008; 107:1544-55. [PMID: 19014381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine-associated phosphatase (NEAP), an atypical dual specificity phosphatase is preferentially expressed in neuroendocrine cells. In this study we found that NEAP, but not NEAP-(C152S) mutant, evidently reduced epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) downstream signaling, and impaired cell growth in response to EGF stimulation in PC12 cells. These phenomena were associated with NEAP-mediated down-regulation of EGFR mRNA and protein. NEAP had no significant effect on ErbB2/3 expression and phosphorylation levels in response to heregulin, indicating that the negative effect of NEAP on EGFR was selective. We showed that NEAP suppressed EGFR expression via decreasing the EGFR promoter activity and this was mediated through down-regulations of the Akt pathway and Wilms' tumor gene product (WT1). Consistent with these results, expression of WT1 reversed the suppressive effect of NEAP on EGFR promoter activity. Additionally, NEAP knockdown by RNA interference enhanced EGFR protein expression and nerve growth factor-induced differentiation, and an EGFR-specific inhibitor could reverse the later event. Taken together, our study indicated that NEAP modulates PC12 differentiation via suppression of EGFR expression and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiz-Yuh Wang
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
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29
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Integrin-mediated expression of bone formation-related genes in osteoblast-like cells in response to fluid shear stress: roles of extracellular matrix, Shc, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:1140-9. [PMID: 18333755 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins play significant roles in mechanical responses of cells on extracellular matrix (ECM). We studied the roles of integrins and ECM proteins (fibronectin [FN], type I collagen [COL1], and laminin [LM]) in shear-mediated signaling and the expression of bone formation-related genes (early growth response-1 [Egr-1], c-fos, cyclooxygenase-2 [Cox-2], and osteopontin [OPN]) in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. MG63 cells on FN, COL1, and LM were kept as controls or subjected to shear stress (12 dynes/cm(2)), and the association of alpha(v)beta(3) and beta(1) integrins with Shc, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, i.e., extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], c-jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase [JNK], and p38), and expressions of Egr-1, c-fos, Cox-2, and OPN were determined. In MG63 cells, shear stress induces sustained associations of alpha(v)beta(3) and beta(1) with Shc when seeded on FN, but sustained associations of only beta(1) with Shc when seeded on COL1/LM. Shear inductions of MAPKs and bone formation-related genes were sustained (24 h) in cells on FN, but some of these responses were transient in cells on COL1/LM. The shear activations of ERK, JNK, and p38 were mediated by integrins and Shc, and these pathways differentially modulated the downstream bone formation-related gene expression. Our findings showed that beta(1) integrin plays predominant roles for shear-induced signaling and gene expression in osteoblast-like MG63 cells on FN, COL1, and LM and that alpha(v)beta(3) also plays significant roles for such responses in cells on FN. The beta(1)/Shc association leads to the activation of ERK, which is critical for shear induction of bone formation-related genes in osteoblast-like cells.
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Protein phosphatase subunit G5PR that regulates the JNK-mediated apoptosis signal is essential for the survival of CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:2028-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Przyklenk K, Maynard M, Darling CE, Whittaker P. Aging Mouse Hearts Are Refractory to Infarct Size Reduction With Post-Conditioning. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1393-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wong J, Korcheva V, Jacoby DB, Magun BE. Proinflammatory responses of human airway cells to ricin involve stress-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L1385-94. [PMID: 17873006 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00207.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin is a potential bioweapon because of its toxicity, availability, and ease of production. When delivered to the lungs, ricin causes severe pulmonary damage with symptoms that are similar to those observed in acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome. The airway epithelium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases, but its role in ricin intoxication has not been elucidated. Exposure of cultured primary human airway epithelial cells to ricin resulted in the activation of SAPKs and NF-kappaB and in the increased expression of multiple proinflammatory molecules. Among the genes upregulated by ricin and identified by microarray analysis were those associated with transcription, nucleosome assembly, inflammation, and response to stress. Sequence analysis of the promoters of these genes identified NF-kappaB as one of the transcription factors whose binding sites were overrepresented. Although airway cells secrete TNF-alpha in response to ricin, blocking TNF-alpha did not prevent ricin-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Decreased levels of IkappaB-alpha in airway cells exposed to ricin suggest that translational suppression may be responsible for the activation of NF-kappaB. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by a chemical inhibitor or NF-kappaB by short interfering RNA resulted in a marked reduction in the expression of proinflammatory genes, demonstrating the importance of these two pathways in ricin intoxication. Therefore, the p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways are potential therapeutic targets for reducing the inflammatory consequences of ricin poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Saito JI, Toriumi S, Awano K, Ichijo H, Sasaki K, Kobayashi T, Tamura S. Regulation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 by protein phosphatase 2Cepsilon. Biochem J 2007; 405:591-6. [PMID: 17456047 PMCID: PMC2267319 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1), a MKKK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase), is activated in response to cytotoxic stresses, such as H2O2 and TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha). ASK1 induction initiates a signalling cascade leading to apoptosis. After exposure of cells to H2O2, ASK1 is transiently activated by autophosphorylation at Thr845. The protein then associates with PP5 (protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5), which inactivates ASK1 by dephosphorylation of Thr845. Although this feedback regulation mechanism has been elucidated, it remains unclear how ASK1 is maintained in the dephosphorylated state under non-stressed conditions. In the present study, we have examined the possible role of PP2Cepsilon (protein phosphatase 2Cepsilon), a member of PP2C family, in the regulation of ASK1 signalling. Following expression in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells), wild-type PP2Cepsilon inhibited ASK1-induced activation of an AP-1 (activator protein 1) reporter gene. Conversely, a dominant-negative PP2Cepsilon mutant enhanced AP-1 activity. Exogenous PP2Cepsilon associated with exogenous ASK1 in HEK-293 cells under non-stressed conditions, inactivating ASK1 by decreasing Thr845 phosphorylation. The association of endogenous PP2Cepsilon and ASK1 was also observed in mouse brain extracts. PP2Cepsilon directly dephosphorylated ASK1 at Thr845 in vitro. In contrast with PP5, PP2Cepsilon transiently dissociated from ASK1 within cells upon H2O2 treatment. These results suggest that PP2Cepsilon maintains ASK1 in an inactive state by dephosphorylation in quiescent cells, supporting the possibility that PP2Cepsilon and PP5 play different roles in H2O2-induced regulation of ASK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Saito
- *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- †Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Toriumi
- *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- ‡Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Awano
- *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- §Division of Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- ∥Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- †Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kobayashi
- *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinri Tamura
- *Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Sasaki M, Ohnishi M, Tashiro F, Niwa H, Suzuki A, Miyazaki JI, Kobayashi T, Tamura S. Disruption of the mouse protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 2Cβ gene leads to early pre-implantation lethality. Mech Dev 2007; 124:489-99. [PMID: 17499977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2Cbeta (PP2Cbeta) is a member of a family of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases (PP2C) that is composed of at least twelve different gene products. Recent studies have revealed that PP2Cbeta mRNA accumulates in mature sperm, unfertilized metaphase II-arrested oocytes and zygotes, but that the mRNA level then decreases sharply between the early two-cell and eight-cell stages, remaining at low levels during the 16-cell to blastocyst stages of mice. These observations raised the possibility that PP2Cbeta plays a crucial role during gametogenesis, fertilization, and/or early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we employed a gene knockout technique in mice to test this possibility. We found that PP2Cbeta(Delta/wt) mice generate normal mature gametes. However, PP2Cbeta(Delta/Delta) embryos die between the two-cell and eight-cell stages. To our interest, PP2Cbeta(Delta/Delta) ES cells which had been generated by transfecting PP2Cbeta(3lox/3lox) ES cells with Cre-expressing plasmid were viable. In addition, knockdown of PP2Cbeta using siRNA did not affect the proliferation of wild-type ES cells. These observations suggest that relatively high PP2Cbeta expression is specifically required during the early stages of pre-implantation development. The possible mechanisms for the early pre-implantation lethality of PP2Cbeta(Delta/Delta) mice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Salojin K, Oravecz T. Regulation of innate immunity by MAPK dual-specificity phosphatases: knockout models reveal new tricks of old genes. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:860-9. [PMID: 17289800 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout evolution, mammals have developed an elaborate network of positive and negative regulatory mechanisms, which provide balance between defensive measures against bacterial and viral pathogens and protective measures against unwarranted destruction of the host by the activated immune system. Kinases and phosphatases encompassing the MAPK pathway are key players in the orderly action of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, forming numerous promiscuous interactions. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the phosphorylation and activation status of kinases in the MAPK system has crucial impact on the outcome of downstream events that regulate cytokine production. At least 13 members of the family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSP) display unique substrate specificities for MAPKs. Despite the considerable amount of information obtained about the contribution of the different DUSP to MAPK-mediated signaling and innate immunity, the interpretation of available data remains problematic. The in vitro and ex vivo findings are often complicated by functional redundancy of signaling molecules and do not always accurately predict the situation in vivo. Until recently, DUSP research has been hampered by the lack of relevant mammalian knockout (KO) models, which is a powerful tool for delineating in vivo function and redundancy in gene families. This situation changed dramatically over the last year, and this review integrates recent insights into the precise biological role of the DUSP family in innate immunity gained from a comprehensive analysis of mammalian KO models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Salojin
- Lexicon Genetics Incorporated, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA.
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Mitra AK, Krishna M. Fractionated and acute irradiation induced signaling in a murine tumor. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:745-52. [PMID: 17226787 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fractionated doses of Co(60) gamma-irradiation (2 Gy per fraction over 5 days), as is delivered in cancer radiotherapy, was compared with acute doses of 10 and 2 Gy, in a serially transplanted mouse fibrosarcoma grown in Swiss mice. The aspects that were studied included the three major mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, namely p44 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein (SAP) kinase, which are known to be involved in determining the cell fate following exposure to ionizing radiation. The response of dual specificity phosphatase PAC1 which is involved in the dephosphorylation of MAP kinases was also looked at. There were significant differences in the response to different dose regimens for all the factors studied. Fractionated irradiation elicited an adaptive response with a sustained activation over 7 days of prosurvival p44 MAP kinase which was balanced by the increased activation of proapoptotic p54 SAP kinase up to 1 day post-irradiation, whereas, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase showed a decrease at most time points. PAC1 was induced following fractionated irradiation and may be acting as a feed back regulator of p44 MAP kinase. The activation of SAP kinase after fractionated irradiation may be a stress response, whereas, constitutively activated p44 MAP kinase may play an important role in the induction of radioresistance during fractionated radiotherapy of cancer and may serve as a promising target for specific inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kumar Mitra
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Klumpp S, Thissen MC, Krieglstein J. Protein phosphatases types 2Cα and 2Cβ in apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:1370-5. [PMID: 17073821 DOI: 10.1042/bst0341370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights the involvement of PP2C (protein phosphatase type 2C) family members α and β in apoptosis. The activity of these isoenzymes can be stimulated by unsaturated fatty acids with special structural features, e.g. oleic acid. Those fatty acids capable of activating PP2Cα and PP2Cβ in vitro induce apoptosis in various cell types as shown here for neurons and endothelial cells. Using RNA interference to reduce the amount of PP2Cα and PP2Cβ results in cells significantly less susceptible to the apoptotic effect of oleic acid. Increased endothelial cell death is considered to be an initial step of atherogenesis. Thus activation of PP2C by physiological unbound (‘free’) unsaturated fatty acids (liberated from lipoproteins) could represent a crucial mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klumpp
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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Miyabayashi K, Maruyama M, Yamada T, Shinoda C, Hounoki H, Kanatani Y, Shinoda K, Kawagishi Y, Miwa T, Suzuki K, Arai N, Hayashi R, Matsui S, Sugiyama E, Kobayashi M. Isoproterenol suppresses cytokine-induced RANTES secretion in human lung epithelial cells through the inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:753-61. [PMID: 17027916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that beta2-agonists may potentially exert some anti-inflammatory action in addition to bronchodilation that may contribute to their beneficial effects on asthma control. Bronchial epithelial cells are well known to respond to a range of stimuli by producing various biologically active mediators that can influence airway inflammation. RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation of asthmatics through its chemotactic activity for eosinophils. In this study, the authors investigated whether cytokine-induced RANTES release from BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells could be modulated by beta-agonist isoproterenol (ISO). The possible involvement of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was also studied. Combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta (cytokine mix) increased RANTES release from BEAS-2B cells and stimulated JNK activity. Similar to JNK inhibitor SP600125, ISO inhibited not only the production of RANTES but also the activation of JNK pathway in cytokine mix-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. The effect of ISO was mediated by the beta2-adrenoceptor, since it was blocked by ICI 118,551, a selective beta2-receptor antagonist, but not by atenolol, a selective beta1-receptor antagonist. Adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin reproduced the effects of ISO. Isoproterenol was found to inhibit the release of RANTES from the human bronchial epithelial cells, at least in part, through the inhibition of JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutarou Miyabayashi
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yoshioka Y, Yamamuro A, Maeda S. Nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway protects RAW264 cells against nitric oxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 101:126-34. [PMID: 16778361 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fpj06001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptosis in various cells lines, while activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway prevents apoptosis induced by diverse stimuli, including NO. Here, we report the cytoprotective mechanisms of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway against NO-induced apoptosis in a mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264. Treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, at a high-toxic concentration (4 mM) stimulated the N-terminal conformational change of Bax and its translocation to mitochondria followed by cytochrome c release and nuclear fragmentation in RAW264 cells. These changes of Bax were attenuated by pretreatment with SNP at a low-nontoxic concentration (100 microM) or dibutyryl cGMP (DBcGMP), a cell-permeable cGMP analogue. SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) inhibitor, blocked the effects of 4 mM SNP on Bax translocation and cell viability. Treatment with 4 mM SNP activated p38 MAP kinase and this effect was prevented by pretreatment with 100 microM SNP or DBcGMP. These findings suggest that the NO/cGMP signaling pathway inhibits NO-induced apoptosis of macrophages by suppressing the p38 MAP kinase activation, which results in N-terminal conformational change of Bax and its translocation to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Baril C, Therrien M. Alphabet, a Ser/Thr phosphatase of the protein phosphatase 2C family, negatively regulates RAS/MAPK signaling in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2006; 294:232-45. [PMID: 16600208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction through the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway depends on a diverse collection of proteins regulating positively and negatively signaling flow. We previously conducted a genetic screen in Drosophila to identify novel components of this signaling pathway. Here, we present the identification and characterization of a new gene, alphabet (alph), whose activity negatively regulates RAS/MAPK-dependent developmental processes in Drosophila and this, at a step downstream or in parallel to RAS. alph encodes a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family member closely related to the mammalian PP2C alpha and beta isoforms. Interestingly, although alph gene product does not appear to be essential for viability, its elimination leads to weak but significant developmental defects reminiscent of an overactivated RAS/MAPK pathway. Consistent with this interpretation, strong genetic interactions are observed between alph alleles and mutations in bona fide components of the pathway. Together, this work identifies a PP2C of the alpha/beta subfamily as a novel negative regulator of the RAS/MAPK pathway and suggests that these evolutionarily conserved enzymes play a similar role in other metazoans. Finally, despite the relatively large size of the PP2C gene family in metazoans, this study represents only the second genetic characterization of a PP2C in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Baril
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Salojin KV, Owusu IB, Millerchip KA, Potter M, Platt KA, Oravecz T. Essential role of MAPK phosphatase-1 in the negative control of innate immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:1899-907. [PMID: 16424221 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TLR-induced innate immunity and inflammation are mediated by signaling cascades leading to activation of the MAPK family of Ser/Thr protein kinases, including p38 MAPK, which controls cytokine release during innate and adoptive immune responses. Failure to terminate such inflammatory reactions may lead to detrimental systemic effects, including septic shock and autoimmunity. In this study, we provide genetic evidence of a critical and nonredundant role of MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 in the negative control of MAPK-regulated inflammatory reactions in vivo. MKP-1-/- mice are hyperresponsive to low-dose LPS-induced toxicity and exhibit significantly increased serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 levels after systemic administration of LPS. Furthermore, absence of MKP-1 increases systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbates disease development in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. When activated through TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, bone marrow-derived MKP-1-/- macrophages exhibit increased cytokine production and elevated expression of the differentiation markers B7.2 (CD86) and CD40. MKP-1-deficient macrophages also show enhanced constitutive and TLR-induced activation of p38 MAPK. Based on these findings, we propose that MKP-1 is an essential component of the intracellular homeostasis that controls the threshold and magnitude of p38 MAPK activation in macrophages, and inflammatory conditions accentuate the significance of this regulatory function.
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Davidson B, Konstantinovsky S, Kleinberg L, Nguyen MTP, Bassarova A, Kvalheim G, Nesland JM, Reich R. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38 and JNK are markers of tumor progression in breast carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 102:453-61. [PMID: 16494928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast carcinoma effusions and to analyze its relationship to anatomic site and clinical parameters. METHODS Activated MAPK (p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38) expression was studied in 42 effusions and 51 corresponding solid tumors (23 primary, 28 metastases) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hormone receptor and HER2 status, proliferation (Ki-67), and apoptosis (p85-PARP fragment) were assessed. MAPK levels, activity, and activation ratio (phospho/pan-MAPK ratio) were analyzed in 19 effusions using immunoblotting (IB). RESULTS Nuclear expression of p-p38 and p-JNK was significantly higher in effusions compared with both primary tumors (P < 0.001 for p-JNK, P = 0.011 for p-p38) and lymph node metastases (P = 0.003 for p-JNK, P = 0.025 for p-p38) but was not accompanied by apoptosis. IB showed pan-ERK and p-ERK in 18/19 effusions, pan-JNK and p-JNK in 18/19 and 17/19 effusions, respectively, and pan-p38 and p-p38 in 19/19 and 17/19 specimens, respectively. In univariate survival analysis of all cases, advanced disease stage (P = 0.041), previous chemotherapy (P = 0.004), and radiation (P = 0.001) and higher Ki-67 scores (P = 0.01) correlated with worse overall survival (OS). In Cox multivariate analysis, stage (P = 0.018), chemotherapy (P = 0.024), radiation (P = 0.017), and ER status (P = 0.002) were independent prognosticators of OS. Quantitative analysis of IB data showed that higher p38 activation ratio correlates with shorter OS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study presents first evidence of in vivo activation of MAPK in breast carcinoma effusions. The elevated JNK and p38 activation in effusions may be a stress-related mechanism providing breast carcinoma cells with survival advantages rather than a drive towards apoptosis. p38 and Ki-67 may be new prognostic markers for patients with breast cancer effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, The National Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
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Yamamoto T, Yuyama K, Yamamoto H. Low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) induced cell death in PC12 cells through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) but not via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) or c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Neurosci Lett 2006; 392:170-3. [PMID: 16198052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive gaseous molecule, has been previously reported to induce apoptosis-like cell death even at a low concentration in PC12 cells. In this study, we examined NO-induced activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, i.e., p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Following the exposure of PC12 cells to an NO donor, (+)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR3; 100 muM), the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK increased time dependently from 2 to 6 h, but that of both ERK1/2 and JNK did not. Treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 partially blocked the NOR3-induced cell death. Neither PD98059, U0126 (inhibitors of ERK1/2) nor SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of JNK) treatments had any significant effect on the NOR3-induced cell death. These findings suggest that the activation of a p38 MAPK pathway, but not that of ERK1/2 or JNK, plays an essential role in the apoptosis-like cell death induced by low concentrations of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition, Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Japan.
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44
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Apostol BL, Illes K, Pallos J, Bodai L, Wu J, Strand A, Schweitzer ES, Olson JM, Kazantsev A, Marsh JL, Thompson LM. Mutant huntingtin alters MAPK signaling pathways in PC12 and striatal cells: ERK1/2 protects against mutant huntingtin-associated toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 15:273-85. [PMID: 16330479 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the huntingtin protein (Htt). Identifying the pathways that are altered in response to the mutant protein is crucial for understanding the cellular processes impacted by the disease as well as for the rational development of effective pharmacological interventions. Here, expression profiling of a cellular HD model identifies genes that implicate altered mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Targeted biochemical studies and pharmacological modulation of these MAPK pathways suggest that mutant Htt affects signaling at upstream points such that both ERK and JNK are activated. Modulation of the ERK pathway suggests that this pathway is associated with cell survival, whereas inhibition of JNK was found to effectively suppress pathogenesis. These studies suggest that pharmacological intervention in MAPK pathways, particularly at the level of ERK activation, may be an appropriate approach to HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Apostol
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
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Olson AK, Protheroe KN, Segar JL, Scholz TD. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and regulation in the pressure-loaded fetal ovine heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H1587-95. [PMID: 16299265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00984.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways help to mediate the hypertrophic response of the pressure-loaded adult heart, although their importance in fetal myocardium is less known. The goal of this study was to determine the role the MAP kinase signaling pathways play in regulating the response of the fetal heart to a pressure load. Aortic (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) bands were placed in 132-day fetal sheep for 7 days. Protein levels of the total and active (phosphorylated) terminal MAP kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK/P-ERK), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK/P-JNK), and p38/P-p38 and the MAP kinase phosphatases MKP-1, MKP-2, and MKP-3 were made in the right and left ventricular (RV and LV) free walls. In both Ao- and PA-banded animals, total heart weight normalized to body weight was significantly increased, largely due to an increase in RV free wall mass in the Ao-banded animals and an increase in septal mass in the PA-banded fetuses. Total protein levels of the three terminal kinases and of P-ERK and P-JNK remained stable in both groups of banded animals. However, P-p38 was significantly increased in RV and LV of Ao- and PA-banded fetuses. Whereas MKP-1 and MKP-2 protein levels were unchanged following Ao- and PA-banding, MKP-3 protein levels were significantly increased in the RV of the PA-banded animals. These findings indicate that the MAP kinase signaling pathways are active in the fetal heart and help to modulate the response of prenatal myocardium to a pressure load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Olson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Powell DW, Pierce WM, McLeish KR. Defining mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways with mass spectrometry-based approaches. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:847-864. [PMID: 15619233 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases are a group of ubiquitously expressed kinase pathways that have been conserved from yeast through humans. They control a large number of critical cell functions. Identification of targets of those kinases is necessary to define signal transduction pathways that lead to cell responses. The application of a number of mass spectrometry-based techniques to the identification of phosphoproteins is reviewed. A new proteomic approach is described for the identification of the downstream targets of specific kinases that combines phosphorylation of cell lysates in in vitro kinase reactions by active recombinant kinase with protein separation by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis or SDS-PAGE and phosphoprotein identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or by phosphopeptide enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry. The results suggested that a combination of multiple approaches will be required to fully identify phosphoproteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Iribarren P, Chen K, Hu J, Zhang X, Gong W, Wang JM. IL-4 Inhibits the Expression of Mouse Formyl Peptide Receptor 2, a Receptor for Amyloid β1–42, in TNF-α-Activated Microglia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:6100-6. [PMID: 16237106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are phagocytic cells in the CNS and actively participate in proinflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that TNF-alpha up-regulated the expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (mFPR2) in mouse microglial cells, resulting in increased chemotactic responses of such cells to mFPR2 agonists, including amyloid beta1-42 (Abeta42), a critical pathogenic agent in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we found that IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine, markedly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced expression of mFPR2 in microglial cells by attenuating activation of ERK and p38 MAPK as well as NF-kappaB. The effect of IL-4 was not dependent on Stat6 but rather required the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as demonstrated by the capacity of PP2A small interfering RNA to reverse the effect of IL-4 in TNF-alpha-activated microglia. Since both IL-4 and TNF-alpha are produced in the CNS under pathophysiological conditions, our results suggest that IL-4 may play an important role in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis by limiting microglial activation by proinflammatory stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Iribarren
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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48
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Gaudet S, Janes KA, Albeck JG, Pace EA, Lauffenburger DA, Sorger PK. A Compendium of Signals and Responses Triggered by Prodeath and Prosurvival Cytokines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1569-90. [PMID: 16030008 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500158-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-signaling networks consist of proteins with a variety of functions (receptors, adaptor proteins, GTPases, kinases, proteases, and transcription factors) working together to control cell fate. Although much is known about the identities and biochemical activities of these signaling proteins, the ways in which they are combined into networks to process and transduce signals are poorly understood. Network-level understanding of signaling requires data on a wide variety of biochemical processes such as posttranslational modification, assembly of macromolecular complexes, enzymatic activity, and localization. No single method can gather such heterogeneous data in high throughput, and most studies of signal transduction therefore rely on series of small, discrete experiments. Inspired by the power of systematic datasets in genomics, we set out to build a systematic signaling dataset that would enable the construction of predictive models of cell-signaling networks. Here we describe the compilation and fusion of approximately 10,000 signal and response measurements acquired from HT-29 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a proapoptotic cytokine, in combination with epidermal growth factor or insulin, two prosurvival growth factors. Nineteen protein signals were measured over a 24-h period using kinase activity assays, quantitative immunoblotting, and antibody microarrays. Four different measurements of apoptotic response were also collected by flow cytometry for each time course. Partial least squares regression models that relate signaling data to apoptotic response data reveal which aspects of compendium construction and analysis were important for the reproducibility, internal consistency, and accuracy of the fused set of signaling measurements. We conclude that it is possible to build self-consistent compendia of cell-signaling data that can be mined computationally to yield important insights into the control of mammalian cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gaudet
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Schaar DG, Liu H, Sharma S, Ting Y, Martin J, Krier C, Ciardella M, Osman M, Goodell L, Notterman DA, Strair RK. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced dual-specificity phosphatase expression and AML cell survival. Leuk Res 2005; 29:1171-9. [PMID: 16111535 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is being developed as a therapeutic agent by virtue of its being a potent modulator of signal transduction in pre-clinical models of AML [Strair RK, Schaar D, Goodell L, Aisner J, Chin KV, Eid J, et al. Administration of a phorbol ester to patients with hematological malignancies: preliminary results from a phase I clinical trial of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2512-8]. In this report, we identify a subset of primary AML samples that undergoes apoptosis after exposure to TPA and demonstrate that TPA-induced cytotoxicity is associated with modulation of the ERK signaling pathway. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSP), as potential regulators of AML cell signaling, indicates that these genes are coordinately regulated and rapidly induced by TPA in primary AML cells. Therefore, TPA-induced primary AML cytotoxicity is associated with modulation of ERK signaling which may be partially mediated by regulation of phosphatase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale G Schaar
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), NJ, USA.
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Nakazawa T, Endo S, Shimura M, Kondo M, Ueno S, Tamai M. Retinal G-substrate, potential downstream component of NO/cGMP/PKG pathway, is located in subtype of retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells with protein phosphatases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 135:58-68. [PMID: 15857669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and function of G-substrate, a specific substrate of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling pathway, in normal rat retina and in G-substrate knockout mice. The retinas of adult wild-type rats and mice and G-substrate knockout mice were studied immunohistologically to characterize the upstream and downstream components of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway. Immunoblot analysis showed that the molecular weight of retinal G-substrate was similar to that of cerebellar G-substrate. In adult rats and mice, retinal G-substrate was located in a subpopulation of amacrine cells and in C38-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) but not in alpha RGCs. In addition, retinal G-substrate was co-expressed with other upstream and downstream signaling components of the NO-cGMP-PKG-G-substrate-phosphatase pathway in the adult retina. Electroretinographic (ERG) analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the ERGs of wild-type and G-substrate knockout mice. These results suggest that retinal G-substrate plays a role as a downstream component of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway. The co-localization of retinal G-substrate with protein Ser/Thr phosphatases suggests that it acts as an endogenous protein phosphatase inhibitor as in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8574, Seiryo 1-1, Aoba, Sendai, Japan.
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