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Zhang KH, Zhang FF, Zhang ZL, Fang KF, Sun WX, Kong N, Wu M, Liu HO, Liu Y, Li Z, Cai QQ, Wang Y, Wei QW, Lin PC, Lin Y, Xu W, Xu CJ, Yuan YY, Zhao SM. Follicle stimulating hormone controls granulosa cell glutamine synthesis to regulate ovulation. Protein Cell 2024; 15:512-529. [PMID: 38167949 PMCID: PMC11214834 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1-KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hui Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children’s Hospital), Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke-Fei Fang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Xing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Na Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hai-Ou Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wei
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
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de Oliveira Furo I, Nogueira LS, de Sousa RPC, Silva-Oliveira GC, Dos Santos da Silva DM, Costa-Malaquias A, de Oliveira EHC. New parameters for in vitro development of cell lines of the species Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:85-94. [PMID: 38634376 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Intending to compare in vitro cell growth in different conditions, we established cell cultures using fin biopsies of two freshwater fishes, Astyanax bimaculatus and Geophagus proximus. Three different culture media (Leibovitz-L-15, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM], and 199) were employed, with or without the addition of AmnioMax, maintaining a standard temperature of 29°C. Based on the results obtained, we standardized a cell growth protocol in which medium 199 was less efficient for both species. Notably, G. proximus cells exhibited superior proliferation in DMEM and L-15 media, whereas A. bimaculatus cells demonstrated better parameters exclusively in the DMEM medium. Successful subculturing of cells with good proliferation index was observed, accompanied by preserved morphological characteristics. Therefore, the methodology outlined in this study represents an advancement in establishing fish cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanete de Oliveira Furo
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Brazil
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Lygia S Nogueira
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Petry Corrêa de Sousa
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | - Diovanna Mirella Dos Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- PIBIC-PROPESP, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Allan Costa-Malaquias
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Gupta S, Jani J, Vijayasurya, Mochi J, Tabasum S, Sabarwal A, Pappachan A. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - a molecular multitasker. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23219. [PMID: 37776328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202024rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) are valuable "housekeeping" enzymes that ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information in living cells, where they aminoacylated tRNA molecules with their cognate amino acid and provide substrates for protein biosynthesis. In addition to their translational or canonical function, they contribute to nontranslational/moonlighting functions, which are mediated by the presence of other domains on the proteins. This was supported by several reports which claim that AaRS has a significant role in gene transcription, apoptosis, translation, and RNA splicing regulation. Noncanonical/ nontranslational functions of AaRSs also include their roles in regulating angiogenesis, inflammation, cancer, and other major physio-pathological processes. Multiple AaRSs are also associated with a broad range of physiological and pathological processes; a few even serve as cytokines. Therefore, the multifunctional nature of AaRSs suggests their potential as viable therapeutic targets as well. Here, our discussion will encompass a range of noncanonical functions attributed to Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (AaRSs), highlighting their links with a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jaykumar Jani
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vijayasurya
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jigneshkumar Mochi
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Saba Tabasum
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anju Pappachan
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Tarazi D, Maynes JT. Impact of Opioids on Cellular Metabolism: Implications for Metabolic Pathways Involved in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2225. [PMID: 37765194 PMCID: PMC10534826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid utilization for pain management is prevalent among cancer patients. There is significant evidence describing the many effects of opioids on cancer development. Despite the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in facilitating cancer growth and metastasis, the specific impact of opioids on crucial oncogenic metabolic pathways remains inadequately investigated. This review provides an understanding of the current research on opioid-mediated changes to cellular metabolic pathways crucial for oncogenesis, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The existing literature suggests that opioids affect energy production pathways via increasing intracellular glucose levels, increasing the production of lactic acid, and reducing ATP levels through impediment of OXPHOS. Opioids modulate pathways involved in redox balance which may allow cancer cells to overcome ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling. The majority of studies have been conducted in healthy tissue with a predominant focus on neuronal cells. To comprehensively understand the impact of opioids on metabolic pathways critical to cancer progression, research must extend beyond healthy tissue and encompass patient-derived cancer tissue, allowing for a better understanding in the context of the metabolic reprogramming already undergone by cancer cells. The current literature is limited by a lack of direct experimentation exploring opioid-induced changes to cancer metabolism as they relate to tumor growth and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doorsa Tarazi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1A8, Canada;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1A8, Canada;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
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Salomão R, Assis V, de Sousa Neto IV, Petriz B, Babault N, Durigan JLQ, de Cássia Marqueti R. Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases in COVID-19: Molecular Targets, Mechanisms, and Insights for Therapeutic Interventions. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:843. [PMID: 37372128 PMCID: PMC10295079 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
MMPs are enzymes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Notably, the proteolytic activation of MMPs can occur through angiotensin II, immune cells, cytokines, and pro-oxidant agents. However, comprehensive information regarding the impact of MMPs in the different physiological systems with disease progression is not fully understood. In the current study, we review the recent biological advances in understanding the function of MMPs and examine time-course changes in MMPs during COVID-19. In addition, we explore the interplay between pre-existing comorbidities, disease severity, and MMPs. The reviewed studies showed increases in different MMP classes in the cerebrospinal fluid, lung, myocardium, peripheral blood cells, serum, and plasma in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-infected individuals. Individuals with arthritis, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and cancer had higher MMP levels when infected. Furthermore, this up-regulation may be associated with disease severity and the hospitalization period. Clarifying the molecular pathways and specific mechanisms that mediate MMP activity is important in developing optimized interventions to improve health and clinical outcomes during COVID-19. Furthermore, better knowledge of MMPs will likely provide possible pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. This relevant topic might add new concepts and implications for public health in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Salomão
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Health and Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Victoria Assis
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil; (V.A.); (J.L.Q.D.)
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Exercise Molecular Physiology, University Center UDF, Brasília 71966-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Babault
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France;
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - João Luiz Quaglioti Durigan
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil; (V.A.); (J.L.Q.D.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Health and Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil; (V.A.); (J.L.Q.D.)
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Sung Y, Yu YC, Han JM. Nutrient sensors and their crosstalk. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1076-1089. [PMID: 37258576 PMCID: PMC10318010 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The macronutrients glucose, lipids, and amino acids are the major components that maintain life. The ability of cells to sense and respond to fluctuations in these nutrients is a crucial feature for survival. Nutrient-sensing pathways are thus developed to govern cellular energy and metabolic homeostasis and regulate diverse biological processes. Accordingly, perturbations in these sensing pathways are associated with a wide variety of pathologies, especially metabolic diseases. Molecular sensors are the core within these sensing pathways and have a certain degree of specificity and affinity to sense the intracellular fluctuation of each nutrient either by directly binding to that nutrient or indirectly binding to its surrogate molecules. Once the changes in nutrient levels are detected, sensors trigger signaling cascades to fine-tune cellular processes for energy and metabolic homeostasis, for example, by controlling uptake, de novo synthesis or catabolism of that nutrient. In this review, we summarize the major discoveries on nutrient-sensing pathways and explain how those sensors associated with each pathway respond to intracellular nutrient availability and how these mechanisms control metabolic processes. Later, we further discuss the crosstalk between these sensing pathways for each nutrient, which are intertwined to regulate overall intracellular nutrient/metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulseung Sung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Wang F, Gu Z, Zhao X, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Sun S, Han M. Metabolic characteristics of the various incision margins for breast cancer conservation surgery. Front Oncol 2023; 12:959454. [PMID: 36686765 PMCID: PMC9846322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) has recently become the most prevalent malignancy in women. There are many alternative treatments for BC, and for aesthetic and postoperative quality of life concerns, breast-conserving surgery and corresponding adjuvant therapy have become the predominant treatment for early invasive BC. Currently, the main method used to assess the margins for breast-conserving surgery is intraoperative pathological diagnosis. However, the designation of surgical margins is controversial, and metabolomics may be a novel approach to evaluate surgical margins. Methods We collected specimens from 10 breast cancer patients and samples from its surrounding tissues and divided them into cancerous tissue and 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm cutting edge tissues, with a total of 60 samples. The samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution platform. The data were then statistically analyzed to detect metabolic changes in the different cutting edges and to identify possible surgical cutting edges with statistically significant findings. Abnormal metabolic pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), which elucidated potential markers. Results Statistical analysis indicated that there were substantial differences between the 1 mm margin tissue and the cancer tissue, while there were no statistically significant differences between the 1 mm tissue and tissues from the other margins. The levels of 6 metabolites in the 1 mm tissue were significantly different from those in the cancer tissue and were not significantly different from those in the 2 mm tissue. The six metabolites were pyruvate, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, fumaric acid, and citric acid. Metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and amino t-RNA synthesis in the margin tissue were significantly distinct from those in cancer tissues based on KEGG analysis. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the 1 mm margin tissue and the cancerous tissue. Based on metabolomic analysis, the 1 mm negative margin is sufficient for surgery, and the six metabolites that we identified as abnormal, including pyruvic acid, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, fumaric acid and citric acid, may serve as biomarkers for a negative margin and help surgeons select an appropriate surgical margin.
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Li S, Sun M, Li F. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of gill reveals genes belonging to mTORC1 signaling pathway associated with the resistance trait of shrimp to VP AHPND. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150628. [PMID: 37143674 PMCID: PMC10151482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective breeding for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) resistant shrimp is an effective way to deal with heavy losses to shrimp aquaculture caused by AHPND. However, knowledge about the molecular mechanism of susceptibility or resistance to AHPND is very limited. We herein performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of gill tissue between AHPND susceptible and resistant families of the white Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) infection. A total of 5,013 genes that were differentially expressed between the two families at 0 and 6 h post-infection, and 1,124 DEGs were shared for both two time points. Both GO and KEGG analyses in each or two time point's comparisons showed DEGs involved in endocytosis, protein synthesis and cell inflammation were significantly enriched. Several immune DEGs including PRRs, antioxidants and AMPs were also identified. The susceptible shrimp showed enhanced endocytosis, higher aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity and occurrence of inflammatory response, while the resistant shrimp had much more strong ability in ribosome biogenesis, antioxidant activity and pathogen recognition and clearance. These genes and processes were mostly associated with mTORC1 signaling pathway, which could reflect differences in cell growth, metabolism and immune response between the two families. Our findings indicate a close link between mTORC1 signaling-related genes and Vibrio-resistance phenotype of shrimp, and provide new clues for further research on resistance strategy of shrimp to AHPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fuhua Li,
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Miao X, Han X, Liu C, Bai X. Intrinsic chlorine resistance of bacteria modulated by glutaminyl-tRNA biosynthesis in drinking water supply systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136322. [PMID: 36084827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) results in significant challenges to the biological security of drinking water. However, little is known about the intrinsic chlorine-resistant molecular metabolic mechanism of bacteria in DWSSs. This research explored the microbial interactions and the key metabolic pathways that modulate the chlorine resistance of bacteria in full-scale chloraminated DWSSs. The dominant CRB, including Bdellovibrio, Bradyrhizobium, Peredibacter, Sphingomonas, and Hydrogenophaga, strongly interacted with each other to maintain basic metabolism. A total of 4.21% of the bacterial metabolic pathways were key and specific to chlorine-resistant bacteria. Glutaminyl-tRNA biosynthesis was the dominant metabolic pathway of CRB in the target DWSSs. After chloramine disinfection, the relative abundance of glutamate-tRNA ligase (GlnRS) and the related orthologous genes increased by 10.11% and 14.58%, respectively. The inactivation rate of the GlnRS overexpression strain (81.40%) was lower than that of the wild-type strain (90.11%) after exposure to chloramine. Meanwhile, the growth rate of the GlnRS overexpression strain was higher than that of the wild-type strain. Glutaminyl-tRNA biosynthesis can enhance chlorine resistance in DWSSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Zhao WB, An JX, Hu YM, Li AP, Zhang SY, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Luo XF, Bian Q, Ma Y, Ding YY, Wang R, Liu YQ. Tavaborole-Induced Inhibition of the Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis Pathway against Botrytis cinerea Contributes to Disease Control and Fruit Quality Preservation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12297-12309. [PMID: 36149871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of tavaborole on the invasion of Botrytis cinerea in grapes and tomatoes, as well as the potential mechanism involved, was discovered in this study. Our findings showed that tavaborole inhibited Botrytis cinerea spore germination and mycelial expansion in vitro and that the control efficiency in vivo on fruit decay was dose-dependent, which was effective in reducing disease severity and maintaining the organoleptic quality of the fruit, such as reducing weight loss and retaining fruit hardness and titratable acid contents during storage. Furthermore, the precise mechanism of action was investigated further. Propidium iodide staining revealed that Botrytis cinerea treated with tavaborole lost membrane integrity. For further validation, cytoplasmic malondialdehyde accumulation and leakage of cytoplasmic constituents were determined. Notably, the inhibitory effect was also dependent on inhibiting the activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases involved in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway in Botrytis cinerea. The above findings concluded that tavaborole was effective against Botrytis cinerea infection in postharvest fruit, and a related mechanism was also discussed, which may provide references for the drug repurposing of tavaborole as a postharvest fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ping Li
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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11
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Multimodal cotranslational interactions direct assembly of the human multi-tRNA synthetase complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205669119. [PMID: 36037331 PMCID: PMC9457175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205669119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid ligation to cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)-essential interpreters of the genetic code during translation. Mammalian cells harbor 20 cytoplasmic aaRSs, out of which 9 (in 8 proteins), with 3 non-aaRS proteins, AIMPs 1 to 3, form the ∼1.25-MDa multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The function of MSC remains uncertain, as does its mechanism of assembly. Constituents of multiprotein complexes encounter obstacles during assembly, including inappropriate interactions, topological constraints, premature degradation of unassembled subunits, and suboptimal stoichiometry. To facilitate orderly and efficient complex formation, some complexes are assembled cotranslationally by a mechanism in which a fully formed, mature protein binds a nascent partner as it emerges from the translating ribosome. Here, we show out of the 121 possible interaction events between the 11 MSC constituents, 15 are cotranslational. AIMPs are involved in the majority of these cotranslational interactions, suggesting they are not only critical for MSC structure but also for assembly. Unexpectedly, several cotranslational events involve more than the usual dyad of interacting proteins. We show two modes of cotranslational interaction, namely a "multisite" mechanism in which two or more mature proteins bind the same nascent peptide at distinct sites and a second "piggy-back" mechanism in which a mature protein carries a second fully formed protein and binds to a single site on an emerging peptide. Multimodal mechanisms of cotranslational interaction offer a diversity of pathways for ordered, piecewise assembly of small subcomplexes into larger heteromultimeric complexes such as the mammalian MSC.
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12
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Wusiman W, Zhang Z, Ding Q, Liu M. The pathophyiological role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in digestive system diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:935576. [PMID: 36017335 PMCID: PMC9396140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs and are indispensable enzymes for protein biosynthesis in all the cells. Previously, ARSs were considered simply as housekeeping enzymes, however, they are now known to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and immune response. In this review, we summarize the role of ARSs in the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, as well as the auxiliary organs such as the pancreas, liver, and the gallbladder. Furthermore, we specifically focus on the diagnostic and prognostic value of ARSs in cancers, aiming to provide new insights into the pathophysiological implications of ARSs in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wugelanmu Wusiman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Liu,
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13
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Functional and pathologic association of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:553-566. [PMID: 35501376 PMCID: PMC9166799 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although key tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive factors have been unveiled over the last several decades, cancer remains the most life-threatening disease. Multiomic analyses of patient samples and an in-depth understanding of tumorigenic processes have rapidly revealed unexpected pathologic associations of new cellular factors previously overlooked in cancer biology. In this regard, the newly discovered activities of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthases (ARSs) deserve attention not only for their pathological significance in tumorigenesis but also regarding diagnostic and therapeutic implications. ARSs are not only essential enzymes covalently linking substrate amino acids to cognate tRNAs for protein synthesis but also function as regulators of cellular processes by sensing different cellular conditions. With their catalytic role in protein synthesis and their regulatory role in homeostasis, functional alterations or dysregulation of ARSs might be pathologically associated with tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the potential implications of ARS genes and proteins in different aspects of cancer based on various bioinformatic analyses and experimental data. We also review their diverse activities involving extracellular secretion, protein–protein interactions, and amino acid sensing, which are related to cancers. The newly discovered cancer-related activities of ARSs are expected to provide new opportunities for detecting, preventing and curing cancers. Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), which play a central role in all life, are becoming implicated in several aspects of cancer in ways that may lead to new approaches for prevention, detection and treatment. ARS enzymes catalyse the ligation of amino acids to transfer RNA molecules to allow amino acids to combine in the correct sequences to form proteins. Jung Min Han, Sunghoon Kim and colleagues at Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea, review researches implicating ARS enzymes and the genes that code for them in a variety of cancers. The behavior of ARS enzymes and their genes are found to be altered in several types of cancer cells in ways that may either initiate or support the onset and development of the disease, through which they could be suggested as targets for novel anti-cancer drugs.
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14
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Khan K, Gogonea V, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and their role in tumorigenesis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101392. [PMID: 35278792 PMCID: PMC8914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to generate aminoacylated-tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, 9 of the 20 AARSs, along with 3 auxiliary proteins, join to form the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The complex is absent in prokaryotes, but evolutionary expansion of MSC constituents, primarily by addition of novel interacting domains, facilitates formation of subcomplexes that join to establish the holo-MSC. In some cases, environmental cues direct the release of constituents from the MSC which enables the execution of non-canonical, i.e., "moonlighting", functions distinct from their essential activities in protein translation. These activities are generally beneficial, but can also be deleterious to the cell. Elucidation of the non-canonical activities of several AARSs residing in the MSC suggest they are potential therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as metabolic and neurologic diseases. Here, we describe the role of MSC-resident AARSs in cancer progression, and the factors that regulate their release from the MSC. Also, we highlight recent developments in therapeutic modalities that target MSC AARSs for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States of America
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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15
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Yuan M, Yan R, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108028. [PMID: 34472622 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular metabolite-sensing enzyme that can directly sense changes not only in ATP but also in metabolites associated with carbohydrates and fatty acids. However, less is known about whether and how AMPK senses variations in cellular amino acids. Here, we show that cysteine deficiency significantly triggers calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-mediated activation of AMPK. In addition, we found that CaMKK2 directly associates with cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS), which then binds to AMPKγ2 under cysteine deficiency to activate AMPK. Interestingly, we discovered that cysteine inhibits the binding of CARS to AMPKγ2, and thus, under cysteine deficiency conditions wherein the inhibitory effect of cysteine is abrogated, CARS mediates the binding of AMPK to CaMKK2, resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK by CaMKK2. Importantly, we demonstrate that blocking AMPK activation leads to cell death under cysteine-deficient conditions. In summary, our study is the first to show that CARS senses the absence of cysteine and activates AMPK through the cysteine-CARS-CaMKK2-AMPKγ2 axis, a novel adaptation strategy for cell survival under nutrient deprivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghui Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Gao X, Guo R, Li Y, Kang G, Wu Y, Cheng J, Jia J, Wang W, Li Z, Wang A, Xu H, Jia Y, Li Y, Qi X, Wei Z, Wei C. Contribution of upregulated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis to metabolic dysregulation in gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3113-3126. [PMID: 34159625 PMCID: PMC9292402 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic reprogramming is characterized by dysregulated levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic data analysis can help to elucidate changes in the levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes, screen the core metabolic pathways, and develop novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. METHODS Here, the metabolome of gastric cancer tissues was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were integrated with the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data to identify the common dysregulated gastric cancer-specific metabolic pathways. Additionally, the protein expression and clinical significance of key metabolic enzymes were examined using a gastric cancer tissue array. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis of 16 gastric cancer tissues revealed that among the 15 dysregulated metabolomic pathways, the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway in the gastric tissues was markedly upregulated relative to that in the adjacent noncancerous tissues, which was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that among the key regulators in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, the expression levels of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARSB) were correlated with tumor grade and poor survival, respectively. Additionally, gastric tissue array data analysis indicated that TARS and FARSB were upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and were correlated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway is upregulated in gastric cancer and both TARS and FARSB play key roles in the progression of gastric cancer. Additionally, a novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer was proposed that involves targeting the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Rui Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Guolan Kang
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment CenterGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment CenterGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Wanxia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zhenhao Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Anqi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Hui Xu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yanjuan Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yuanting Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Chaojun Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
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17
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Zou Y, Yang Y, Fu X, He X, Liu M, Zong T, Li X, Htet Aung L, Wang Z, Yu T. The regulatory roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in cardiovascular disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:372-387. [PMID: 34484863 PMCID: PMC8399643 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are widely found in organisms, which can activate amino acids and make them bind to tRNA through ester bond to form the corresponding aminoyl-tRNA. The classic function of ARS is to provide raw materials for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates that ARSs play critical roles in controlling inflammation, immune responses, and tumorigenesis as well as other important physiological and pathological processes. With the recent development of genome and exon sequencing technology, as well as the discovery of new clinical cases, ARSs have been reported to be closely associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly angiogenesis and cardiomyopathy. Intriguingly, aminoacylation was newly identified and reported to modify substrate proteins, thereby regulating protein activity and functions. Sensing the availability of intracellular amino acids is closely related to the regulation of a variety of cell physiology. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the mechanism of CVDs caused by abnormal ARS function and introduce the clinical phenotypes and characteristics of CVDs related to ARS dysfunction. We also highlight the potential roles of aminoacylation in CVDs. Finally, we discuss some of the limitations and challenges of present research. The current findings suggest the significant roles of ARSs involved in the progress of CVDs, which present the potential clinical values as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Cui H, Kapur M, Diedrich JK, Yates JR, Ackerman SL, Schimmel P. Regulation of ex-translational activities is the primary function of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3603-3616. [PMID: 33341895 PMCID: PMC8053116 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During mRNA translation, tRNAs are charged by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subsequently used by ribosomes. A multi-enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) has been proposed to increase protein synthesis efficiency by passing charged tRNAs to ribosomes. An alternative function is that the MSC repurposes specific synthetases that are released from the MSC upon cues for functions independent of translation. To explore this, we generated mammalian cells in which arginyl-tRNA synthetase and/or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase were absent from the MSC. Protein synthesis, under a variety of stress conditions, was unchanged. Most strikingly, levels of charged tRNAArg and tRNAGln remained unchanged and no ribosome pausing was observed at codons for arginine and glutamine. Thus, increasing or regulating protein synthesis efficiency is not dependent on arginyl-tRNA synthetase and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase in the MSC. Alternatively, and consistent with previously reported ex-translational roles requiring changes in synthetase cellular localizations, our manipulations of the MSC visibly changed localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissi Cui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mridu Kapur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susan L Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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19
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Ho MT, Lu J, Brunßen D, Suter B. A translation-independent function of PheRS activates growth and proliferation in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.048132. [PMID: 33547043 PMCID: PMC7988764 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) not only load the appropriate amino acid onto their cognate tRNAs, but many of them also perform additional functions that are not necessarily related to their canonical activities. Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) levels are elevated in multiple cancers compared to their normal cell counterparts. Our results show that downregulation of PheRS, or only its α-PheRS subunit, reduces organ size, whereas elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit stimulates cell growth and proliferation. In the wing disc system, this can lead to a 67% increase in cells that stain for a mitotic marker. Clonal analysis of twin spots in the follicle cells of the ovary revealed that elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit causes cells to grow and proliferate ∼25% faster than their normal twin cells. This faster growth and proliferation did not affect the size distribution of the proliferating cells. Importantly, this stimulation proliferation turned out to be independent of the β-PheRS subunit and the aminoacylation activity, and it did not visibly stimulate translation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: A moonlighting activity of the α-subunit of the Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase in Drosophila promotes growth and proliferation through a novel mechanism that neither involves aminoacylation nor translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tin Ho
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jiongming Lu
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Brunßen
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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20
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Liu Y, Hu XB, Zhang LZ, Wang Z, Fu R. Knockdown of Arginyl-tRNA Synthetase Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Cerebral Cortex Injury in Rats After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:147-163. [PMID: 32221863 PMCID: PMC7803708 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some researchers have previously shown that RNAi knockdown of arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) before or after a hypoxic injury can rescue animals from death, based on the model organism, C. elegans. However, there has been no study on the application of arginyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown in treating mammalian ischemic stroke, and its potential mechanism and effect on ischemic brain damage are still unknown. Here, we focused on the Rars gene, which encodes an arginyl-tRNA synthetase, and examined the effects of Rars knockdown in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. To achieve this aim, adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given right cerebral cortex injections of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adenovirus (AV) particles to knock down arginyl-tRNA synthetase, and a non-targeting control (NTC) vector or phosphate-buffered solution served as the controls. After 4 days, the rats were exposed to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Then, the right cerebral cortex level of arginyl-tRNA synthetase was examined, and the effects of the Rars knockdown were evaluated by differences in infarction volume, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier, mitochondrial function, and glucose metabolism at 1 day and 3 days after MCAO. The injection of shRNA adenovirus particles successfully suppressed the expression of arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the cerebral cortex. We observed an improvement in oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and glucose utilization and a reduction in brain edema compared with the non-targeting control rats with suppressed expression of arginyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA in the ipsilateral ischemic cortex of the brain. Our findings indicate that knockdown of arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the cerebral cortex exerted neuroprotective effects, which were achieved not only by the improvement of oxidative stress and glucose utilization but also by the maintenance of mitochondrial morphological integrity and the preservation of mitochondrial function. Knockdown of ArgRS administration could be a promising approach to protect ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Okanishi H, Ohgaki R, Okuda S, Endou H, Kanai Y. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal key regulators associated with cytostatic effect of amino acid transporter LAT1 inhibitor. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:871-883. [PMID: 33264461 PMCID: PMC7893994 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various cancers and plays important roles not only in the amino acid uptake necessary for cancer growth but also in cellular signaling. Recent research studies have reported anticancer effects of LAT1 inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. Here, we characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome in LAT1‐inhibited cancer cells. We used JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, and performed tandem mass tag–based quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics on four biliary tract cancer cell lines sensitive to JPH203. Our analysis identified hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated sites, demonstrating the broad influence of LAT1 inhibition. Our findings showed various functional pathways altered by LAT1 inhibition, and provided possible regulators and key kinases in LAT1‐inhibited cells. Comparison of these changes among cell lines provides insights into general pathways and regulators associated with LAT1 inhibition and particularly suggests the importance of cell cycle–related pathways and kinases. Moreover, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the combinations of JPH203 with cell cycle–related kinase inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. This is the first study providing the proteome‐wide scope of both protein expression and phosphorylation signaling perturbed by LAT1 inhibition in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Lee KM, Hwang EH, Kang SE, Lee CH, Lee H, Oh HJ, Kim K, Koh J, Ryu HS. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase Sensitizes Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer to Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy. J Breast Cancer 2020; 23:599-609. [PMID: 33408886 PMCID: PMC7779724 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A relatively low response to chemotherapy has been reported for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of tryptophanyl-transfer RNA synthetase (WARS) in the chemotherapeutic response of HR-positive breast cancer. Methods Pre-chemotherapeutic needle biopsy samples of 45 HR-positive breast cancer patients undergoing the same chemotherapeutic regimen were subjected to immunohistochemistry. To investigate the biological functions of WARS in HR-positive breast cancer, we conducted cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, caspase activity assay, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting using WARS gene-modulated HR-positive breast cancer cells (T47D, ZR-75-1, and MCF7). Results WARS overexpression in HR-positive breast cancer patients showed a significant correlation with favorable chemotherapy response. Downregulation of WARS increased cell viability following docetaxel treatment in tumor cell lines. On the other hand, WARS overexpression sensitized the therapeutic response to docetaxel. Additionally, downregulation of WARS caused a decrease in the number of apoptotic cell populations by docetaxel. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase 3/7 activity were increased in docetaxel-treated tumor cells with WARS overexpression. Conclusion Our results suggest that WARS might be a potential predictor for chemotherapy response in patients with HR-positive breast cancer as well as a novel molecular target to improve chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheng Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyebin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Oh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Contribution of miRNAs, tRNAs and tRFs to Aberrant Signaling and Translation Deregulation in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103056. [PMID: 33092114 PMCID: PMC7593945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The profiles of miRNAs, tRNA-derived fragments and tRNAs from lung cancer biopsy specimens indicate involvement of gene networks that modulate signaling and translation initiation. The current study highlights the important role of several regulatory small non-coding RNAs in aberrant signaling and translation deregulation in lung cancer. Abstract Transcriptomics profiles of miRNAs, tRNAs or tRFs are used as biomarkers, after separate examination of several cancer cell lines, blood samples or biopsies. However, the possible contribution of all three profiles on oncogenic signaling and translation as a net regulatory effect, is under investigation. The present analysis of miRNAs and tRFs from lung cancer biopsies indicated putative targets, which belong to gene networks involved in cell proliferation, transcription and translation regulation. In addition, we observed differential expression of specific tRNAs along with several tRNA-related genes with possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Transfection of lung adenocarcinoma cells with two identified tRFs and subsequent NGS analysis indicated gene targets that mediate signaling and translation regulation. Broader analysis of all major signaling and translation factors in several biopsy specimens revealed a crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways and downstream activation of eIF4E and eEF2. Subsequent polysome profile analysis and 48S pre-initiation reconstitution experiments showed increased global translation rates and indicated that aberrant expression patterns of translation initiation factors could contribute to elevated protein synthesis. Overall, our results outline the modulatory effects that possibly correlate the expression of important regulatory non-coding RNAs with aberrant signaling and translation deregulation in lung cancer.
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24
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Yu YC, Han JM, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino acid signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118889. [PMID: 33091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved housekeeping enzymes used for protein synthesis that have pivotal roles in the ligation of tRNA with their cognate amino acids. Recent advances in the structural and functional studies of ARSs have revealed many previously unknown biological functions beyond the classical catalytic roles. Sensing the sufficiency of intracellular nutrients such as amino acids, ATP, and fatty acids is a crucial aspect for every living organism, and it is closely connected to the regulation of diverse cellular physiologies. Notably, among ARSs, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) has been identified to perform specifically as a leucine sensor upstream of the amino acid-sensing pathway and thus participates in the coordinated control of protein synthesis and autophagy for cell growth. In addition to LARS1, other types of ARSs are also likely involved in the sensing and signaling of their cognate amino acids inside cells. Collectively, this review focuses on the mechanisms of ARSs interacting within amino acid signaling and proposes the possible role of ARSs as general intracellular amino acid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, South Korea.
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25
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Wang J, Yang XL. Novel functions of cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases shaping the hallmarks of cancer. Enzymes 2020; 48:397-423. [PMID: 33837711 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the intense protein synthesis demands of cancer, the classical enzymatic role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is required to sustain tumor growth. However, many if not all aaRSs also possess regulatory functions outside of the domain of catalytic tRNA aminoacylation, which can further contribute to or even antagonize cancers in non-translational ways. These regulatory functions of aaRS are likely to be manipulated in cancer to ensure uncontrolled growth and survival. This review will largely focus on the unique capacities of individual and sometimes collaborating synthetases to influence the hallmarks of cancer, which represent the principles and characteristics of tumorigenesis. An interesting feature of cytoplasmic aaRSs in higher eukaryotes is the formation of a large multi-synthetase complex (MSC) with nine aaRSs held together by three non-enzymatic scaffolding proteins (AIMPs). The MSC-associated aaRSs, when released from the complex in response to certain stimulations, often participate in pathways that promote tumorigenesis. In contrast, the freestanding aaRSs are associated with activities in both directions-some promoting while others inhibiting cancer. The AIMPs have emerged as potent tumor suppressors through their own distinct mechanisms. We propose that the tumor-suppressive roles of AIMPs may also be a consequence of keeping the cancer-promoting aaRSs within the MSC. The rich connections between cancer and the synthetases have inspired the development of innovative cancer treatments that target or take advantage of these novel functions of aaRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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26
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Sun L, Sarath Babu V, Qin Z, Su Y, Liu C, Shi F, Zhao L, Li J, Chen K, Lin L. Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) infection alters striped snakehead (Ophicephalus striatus) cells (SSN-1) glutamine metabolism and apoptosis pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:36-46. [PMID: 32289513 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) causes enormous economic losses in snakehead fish (Ophicephalus striatus) culture. Understanding replication mechanisms of virus is considerable significance in preventing and treating viral disease. In our previous studies, we have reported that glutamine starvation could significant inhibit the replication of SHVV. Furthermore, we also showed that SHVV infection could cause apoptosis of striped snakehead fish cells (SSN-1). However, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. To decipher the relationships among the viral infection, glutamine starvation and apoptosis, SSN-1 cells transcriptomic profilings of SSN-1 cells infected with or without SHVV under glutamine deprived condition were analyzed. RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our data revealed that 1215 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated genes at 24 h post-infection were involved in MAPK, apoptosis, RIG-1-like and toll-like receptors pathways and glutamine metabolism. Subsequently, DEGs of glutamine metabolism and apoptosis pathways were selected to validate the sequencing data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression patterns of both transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR were consistent. We observed that lack of glutamine alone could cause mild cellular apoptosis. However, lack of glutamine together with SHVV infection could synergistically enhance cellular apoptosis. When the cells were cultured in complete medium with glutamine, overexpression of glutaminase (GLS), an essential enzyme for glutamine metabolism, could significantly enhance the SHVV replication. While, SHVV replication was decreased in cells when GLS was knocked down by specific siRNA, indicating that glutamine metabolism was essential for viral replication. Furthermore, the expression level of caspase-3 and Bax was significantly decreased in SHVV infected cells with GLS overexpression. By contrast, they were significantly increased in SHVV infected cells with GLS silence by SiRNA, indicating that SHVV infection activated the Bax and caspase-3 pathways to induce apoptosis independent of glutamine. Our results reveal that SHVV replication and starvation of glutamine could synergistically promote the cellular apoptosis, which will pave a new way for developing strategies against the vial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA.
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27
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Wakasugi K, Yokosawa T. Non-canonical functions of human cytoplasmic tyrosyl-, tryptophanyl- and other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Enzymes 2020; 48:207-242. [PMID: 33837705 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of their cognate tRNAs. Here we review the accumulated knowledge of non-canonical functions of human cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, especially tyrosyl- (TyrRS) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS). Human TyrRS and TrpRS have an extra domain. Two distinct cytokines, i.e., the core catalytic "mini TyrRS" and the extra C-domain, are generated from human TyrRS by proteolytic cleavage. Moreover, the core catalytic domains of human TyrRS and TrpRS function as angiogenic and angiostatic factors, respectively, whereas the full-length forms are inactive for this function. It is also known that many synthetases change their localization in response to a specific signal and subsequently exhibit alternative functions. Furthermore, some synthetases function as sensors for amino acids by changing their protein interactions in an amino acid-dependent manner. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate regulatory mechanisms of non-canonical functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in particular, by analyzing the effect of their post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Wakasugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takumi Yokosawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Ma D, Li S, Nie X, Chen L, Chen N, Hou D, Liu X, Gao B. RNAi-mediated IARS2 knockdown inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human melanoma A375 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1093-1100. [PMID: 32724348 PMCID: PMC7377047 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IARS2, which encodes the mitochondrial form of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, has been found to play an important role in a range of diseases, including cancer. However, the relationship between IARS2 and melanoma is still unclear. To evaluate the role of IARS2 in melanoma, we constructed a stable A375 cell line with IARS2 knockdown via lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNAs. The expression of IARS2 was measured by real time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot analysis. Cell counting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and colony formation assay were conducted to assess the effect of IARS2 on melanoma cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in melanoma A375 cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry was employed to validate the expression of IARS2 protein in melanoma tissues. In this study it was found that IARS2 was highly expressed in melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, IARS2 protein also exhibited elevated expression in the tumour tissues obtained from melanoma patients. After suppression of the mRNA expression of IARS2, the proliferation and colony formation ability of the A375 cells were significantly inhibited, while the proportion of apoptotic A375 cells increased significantly, as indicated by an enhanced phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase 3/7 activity after IARS2 knockdown. Further investigations found that knockdown of IARS2 arrested cells in the G1 phase. The results suggested that IARS2 is critical for proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lamei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kun Ming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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29
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Kang JS. Dietary restriction of amino acids for Cancer therapy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32190097 PMCID: PMC7071719 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosyntheses of proteins, nucleotides and fatty acids, are essential for the malignant proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Cumulating research findings show that amino acid restrictions are potential strategies for cancer interventions. Meanwhile, dietary strategies are popular among cancer patients. However, there is still lacking solid rationale to clarify what is the best strategy, why and how it is. Here, integrated analyses and comprehensive summaries for the abundances, signalling and functions of amino acids in proteomes, metabolism, immunity and food compositions, suggest that, intermittent dietary lysine restriction with normal maize as an intermittent staple food for days or weeks, might have the value and potential for cancer prevention or therapy. Moreover, dietary supplements were also discussed for cancer cachexia including dietary immunomodulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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30
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Yeom E, Kwon DW, Lee J, Kim SH, Lee JH, Min KJ, Lee KS, Yu K. Asparaginyl-tRNA Synthetase, a Novel Component of Hippo Signaling, Binds to Salvador and Enhances Yorkie-Mediated Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:32. [PMID: 32117966 PMCID: PMC7014954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), which are essential for protein translation, were recently shown to have non-translational functions in various pathological conditions including cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of ARSs in cancer remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (NRS) regulates Yorkie-mediated tumorigenesis by binding to the Hippo pathway component Salvador. NRS-RNAi and the NRS inhibitor tirandamycin B (TirB) suppressed Yorkie-mediated tumor phenotypes in Drosophila. Genetic analysis showed that NRS interacted with Salvador, and NRS activated Hippo target genes by regulating Yorkie phosphorylation. Biochemical analyses showed that NRS blocked Salvador-Hippo binding by interacting directly with Salvador, and TirB treatment inhibited NRS-Salvador binding. YAP target genes were upregulated in a mammalian cancer cell line with high expression of NRS, whereas TirB treatment suppressed cancer cell proliferation. These results indicate that NRS regulates tumor growth by interacting with Salvador in the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Kwon
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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YARS as an oncogenic protein that promotes gastric cancer progression through activating PI3K-Akt signaling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:329-342. [PMID: 31912229 PMCID: PMC6985085 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Members of the aaRS (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) family are proteins controlling the aminoacylation process, in which YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) catalyzes the binding of tyrosine to its cognate tRNA and plays an important role in basic biosynthesis. Several studies have demonstrated the association between YARS mutation and certain developmental abnormalities/diseases, yet YARS's linkage with cancer remains uncategorized. In this study, by combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies, we explored the expressions and functions of YARS in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We evaluated YARS's distribution in tumor and paired normal tissues/specimens of GC by referring to large cohort online datasets and patient-derived tissue specimens. YARS-related changes were assessed by phenotypical/molecular experiments and RNA-sequencing analysis in GC cell lines harboring YARS knockdown or overexpression. RESULTS Both the transcript and protein levels of YARS were evidently higher in gastric cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues. YARS knockdown induced repressed proliferation and invasiveness, as well as enhanced apoptosis in GC cell lines, while abnormally upregulating YARS expression promoted gastric cancer growth in vivo. We inferred based on RNA-sequencing that YARS modulates multiple cancerous signaling pathways and proved through cellular experiments that YARS promoted GC progression, as well as homologous recombination by activating PI3K-Akt signaling. CONCLUSIONS By revealing the existence of a YARS-PI3K-Akt signaling axis in gastric cancer, we discovered that tRNA synthetase YARS is a novel tumorigenic factor, characterized by its upregulation in tumor-derived specimens, as well as its functions in promoting gastric cancer progression.
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Zhou XL, Chen Y, Zeng QY, Ruan ZR, Fang P, Wang ED. Newly acquired N-terminal extension targets threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein into the multiple tRNA synthetase complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8662-8674. [PMID: 31287872 PMCID: PMC6794377 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical feature of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is the evolutionary gain of domains at either the N- or C-terminus, which frequently mediating protein–protein interaction. TARSL2 (mouse Tarsl2), encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein (ThrRS-L), is a recently identified aaRS-duplicated gene in higher eukaryotes, with canonical functions in vitro, which exhibits a different N-terminal extension (N-extension) from TARS (encoding ThrRS). We found the first half of the N-extension of human ThrRS-L (hThrRS-L) is homologous to that of human arginyl-tRNA synthetase. Using the N-extension as a probe in a yeast two-hybrid screening, AIMP1/p43 was identified as an interactor with hThrRS-L. We showed that ThrRS-L is a novel component of the mammalian multiple tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), and is reliant on two leucine zippers in the N-extension for MSC-incorporation in humans, and mouse cell lines and muscle tissue. The N-extension was sufficient to target a foreign protein into the MSC. The results from a Tarsl2-deleted cell line showed that it does not mediate MSC integrity. The effect of phosphorylation at various sites of hThrRS-L on its MSC-targeting is also explored. In summary, we revealed that ThrRS-L is a bona fide component of the MSC, which is mediated by a newly evolved N-extension domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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Jobin PG, Solis N, Machado Y, Bell PA, Rai SK, Kwon NH, Kim S, Overall CM, Butler GS. Moonlighting matrix metalloproteinase substrates: Enhancement of proinflammatory functions of extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase upon cleavage. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2186-2202. [PMID: 31771979 PMCID: PMC7039567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase ligates tyrosine to its cognate tRNA in the cytoplasm, but it can also be secreted through a noncanonical pathway. We found that extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS) exhibited proinflammatory activities. In addition to acting as a monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant, YRS initiated signaling through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) resulting in NF-κB activation and release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and multiple chemokines, including MIP-1α/β, CXCL8 (IL8), and CXCL1 (KC) from THP1 monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived macrophages. Furthermore, YRS up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in a TNFα-dependent manner in M0 macrophages. Because MMPs process a variety of intracellular proteins that also exhibit extracellular moonlighting functions, we profiled 10 MMPs for YRS cleavage and identified 55 cleavage sites by amino-terminal oriented mass spectrometry of substrates (ATOMS) positional proteomics and Edman degradation. Stable proteoforms resulted from cleavages near the start of the YRS C-terminal EMAPII domain. All of the MMPs tested cleaved at ADS386↓387LYV and VSG405↓406LVQ, generating 43- and 45-kDa fragments. The highest catalytic efficiency for YRS was demonstrated by MMP7, which is highly expressed by monocytes and macrophages, and by neutrophil-specific MMP8. MMP-cleaved YRS enhanced TLR2 signaling, increased TNFα secretion from macrophages, and amplified monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis compared with unprocessed YRS. The cleavage of YRS by MMP8, but not MMP7, was inhibited by tyrosine, a substrate of the YRS aminoacylation reaction. Overall, the proinflammatory activity of YRS is enhanced by MMP cleavage, which we suggest forms a feed-forward mechanism to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Jobin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoan Machado
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter A Bell
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Simran K Rai
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4S6, Canada
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Bai L, Bernard K, Tang X, Hu M, Horowitz JC, Thannickal VJ, Sanders YY. Glutaminolysis Epigenetically Regulates Antiapoptotic Gene Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:49-57. [PMID: 30130138 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0180oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic responses involve multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes are sensitive to alterations in the tissue microenvironment such as the flux of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. TCA metabolites directly regulate epigenetic states, in part by regulating histone modification-related enzymes. Glutaminolysis is a critical metabolic process by which glutamine is converted to glutamate by glutaminase and then to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a TCA cycle metabolite. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by aberrant metabolism, including enhanced glutaminolysis. IPF fibroblasts are apoptosis resistant. In this study, we explored the relationship between glutaminolysis and the resistance to apoptosis of IPF fibroblasts. Inhibition of glutaminolysis decreased expression of XIAP and survivin, members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. α-KG is a cofactor for JMJD3 histone demethylase, which targets H3K27me3. In the absence of glutamine, JMJD3 activity in fibroblasts is significantly decreased, whereas H3K27me3 levels are increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that JMJD3 directly interacts with XIAP and survivin promoter regions in a glutamine-dependent manner. Exogenous α-KG partially restores JMJD3 function and its interaction with the XIAP and survivin promoter regions under glutamine-deficient conditions. Interestingly, α-KG upregulates XIAP, but not survivin, suggesting differential α-KG-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which glutamine regulates these IAPs. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of metabolic regulation in which glutaminolysis promotes apoptosis resistance of IPF fibroblasts through epigenetic regulation of XIAP and survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Bai
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Karen Bernard
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Xuebo Tang
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Min Hu
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Fission Yeast Asc1 Stabilizes the Interaction between Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3a and Rps0A/uS2 for Protein Synthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00161-19. [PMID: 31285271 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00161-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactors play important roles in coordinating aminoacylation and translation. In this study, we describe an additional function of the fission yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactor 1 (Asc1) in translation. We found that Asc1 directly binds and stabilizes the interaction between small ribosomal protein Rps0A/uS2 and eukaryotic initiation factor 3a (eIF3a). In the absence of Asc1, the interaction between eIF3a and Rps0A/uS2 was compromised. The interaction between Rps0A/uS2 and eIF3a mediated the 40S ribosomal subunit binding of eIF3 in 43S preinitiation complex formation to stimulate translation initiation. Keeping with this idea, in an asc1 mutant, the association of mRNA with the 40S ribosomal subunit was defective and protein synthesis was compromised. To show that Asc1 is directly involved in translation, we demonstrate that the addition of recombinant Asc1 is able to rescue the translation defect of the asc1 mutant in a cell-free system. Furthermore, this function of Asc1 is likely to be evolutionarily conserved, as a similar interaction with eIF3a and Rps0A/uS2 could be identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactors. Together, these results identify a function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactors in translation preinitiation complex formation, which adds significantly to the expanded functions associated with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cofactors.
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Panzarini E, Vergallo C, Fanizzi FP, Mariano S, Tata AM, Dini L. The dialogue between died and viable cells: in vitro and in vivo bystander effects and 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling of soluble factors. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The bystander effect (BE) is an important biological phenomenon that induces damages in distant and not directly affected by a chemical/physical stress cells. This effect, well known in ionizing radiation treatment, relies on reactive signals released by exposed cells and transmitted via cell–cell interaction or culture medium. In this study, cycloheximide (CHX)-induced apoptotic U937 cells and untreated THP-1 cells were chosen to investigate the chemical-induced BE. The effects of apoptotic U937 cells culture medium, Conditioned Medium (CM), on THP-1 cells were evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis performed by light microscopy; 1D 1H and 2D J-resolved (JRES) NMR metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the molecules involved in the BE. In summary, this study indicates that: CM of CHX-treated U937 cells induces a time-dependent induction of toxicity, probably apoptotic cell death, and macrophagic differentiation in THP-1 cells; CM contains different metabolites respect fresh culture medium; CM recruits in vivo activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and mononuclear inflammatory cells in rat calf muscles. These data suggest that CHX exposed cells could cause BE through the release, during the apoptotic process, of soluble factors into the medium that could be exploited in anticancer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Chieti-Pescara “G. D’Annunzio” , Chieti , Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin” , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin” , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
- CNR-Nanotec , Lecce , Italy
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Hahn H, Park SH, Kim HJ, Kim S, Han BW. The DRS-AIMP2-EPRS subcomplex acts as a pivot in the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. IUCRJ 2019; 6:958-967. [PMID: 31576228 PMCID: PMC6760448 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play essential roles in protein biosynthesis as well as in other cellular processes, often using evolutionarily acquired domains. For possible cooperativity and synergistic effects, nine ARSs assemble into the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) with three scaffold proteins: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional proteins 1, 2 and 3 (AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3). X-ray crystallographic methods were implemented in order to determine the structure of a ternary subcomplex of the MSC comprising aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DRS) and two glutathione S-transferase (GST) domains from AIMP2 and glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (AIMP2GST and EPRSGST, respectively). While AIMP2GST and EPRSGST interact via conventional GST heterodimerization, DRS strongly interacts with AIMP2GST via hydrogen bonds between the α7-β9 loop of DRS and the β2-α2 loop of AIMP2GST, where Ser156 of AIMP2GST is essential for the assembly. Structural analyses of DRS-AIMP2GST-EPRSGST reveal its pivotal architecture in the MSC and provide valuable insights into the overall assembly and conditionally required disassembly of the MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunggu Hahn
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Jobin PG, Solis N, Machado Y, Bell PA, Kwon NH, Kim S, Overall CM, Butler GS. Matrix metalloproteinases inactivate the proinflammatory functions of secreted moonlighting tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12866-12879. [PMID: 31324718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is a cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase essential for protein synthesis. WRS is also one of a growing number of intracellular proteins that are attributed distinct noncanonical "moonlighting" functions in the extracellular milieu. Moonlighting aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases regulate processes such as inflammation, but how these multifunctional enzymes are themselves regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that WRS is secreted from human macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in response to the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ). WRS signaled primarily through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in macrophages, leading to phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB with associated loss of NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α) protein. This signaling initiated secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and CXCL8 (IL8) from macrophages. We also demonstrated that WRS is a potent monocyte chemoattractant. Of note, WRS increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the conditioned medium of macrophages in a TNFα-dependent manner. Using purified recombinant proteins and LC-MS/MS to identify proteolytic cleavage sites, we demonstrated that multiple MMPs, but primarily macrophage MMP7 and neutrophil MMP8, cleave secreted WRS at several sites. Loss of the WHEP domain following cleavage at Met48 generated a WRS proteoform that also results from alternative splicing, designated Δ1-47 WRS. The MMP-cleaved WRS lacked TLR signaling and proinflammatory activities. Thus, our results suggest that moonlighting WRS promotes IFNγ proinflammatory activities, and these responses can be dampened by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Jobin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoan Machado
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter A Bell
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergance Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Bioconvergance Research Center, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Faculty of Dentistry, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Zheng H, Wang Z, Tian Y, Liu L, Lv F, Kong W, Bai W, Wang P, Wang C, Yu X, Liu X, Jiang L, Zhao Z, Wan J. Rice albino 1, encoding a glycyl-tRNA synthetase, is involved in chloroplast development and establishment of the plastidic ribosome system in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:495-503. [PMID: 31015088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is an important organelle that performs photosynthesis as well as biosynthesis and storage of many metabolites. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are key enzymes in protein synthesis. However, the relationship between chloroplast development and aaRSs still remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a rice albino 1 (ra1) mutant through methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of rice japonica cultivar Ningjing 4 (Oryza sativa L.), which displayed albinic leaves in seedling stage due to abnormal chloroplast development. Compared with wild type (WT), ra1 showed significantly decreased levels of chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) in 2-week-old seedlings, which also showed obvious plastidic structural defects including abnormal thylakoid membrane structures and more osmiophilic particles. These defects caused albino phenotypes in seedlings. Map-based cloning revealed that RA1 gene encodes a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS), which was confirmed by genetic complementation and knockout by Crispr/Cas9 technology. Sequence analysis showed that a single base mutation (T to A) occurred in the sixth exon of RA1 and resulted in a change from Isoleucine (Ile) to Lysine (Lys). Real-time PCR analyses showed that RA1 expression levels were constitutive in most tissues, but most abundant in the leaves and stems. By transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that RA1 protein was localized in the chloroplast. Expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis and plastid development related genes were disordered in the ra1 mutant. RNA analysis revealed biogenesis of chloroplast rRNAs was abnormal in ra1. Meanwhile, western blotting showed that synthesis of proteins associated with plastid development was significantly repressed. These results suggest that RA1 is involved in early chloroplast development and establishment of the plastidic ribosome system in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - LingLong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Lv
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyi Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenting Bai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peiran Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Hyeon DY, Kim JH, Ahn TJ, Cho Y, Hwang D, Kim S. Evolution of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and its role in cancer. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5340-5351. [PMID: 30782841 PMCID: PMC6462501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are enzymes that ligate their cognate amino acids to tRNAs for protein synthesis. However, recent studies have shown that their functions are expanded beyond protein synthesis through the interactions with diverse cellular factors. In this review, we discuss how ARSs have evolved to expand and control their functions by forming protein assemblies. We particularly focus on a macromolecular ARS complex in eukaryotes, named multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which is proposed to provide a channel through which tRNAs reach bound ARSs to receive their cognate amino acid and transit further to the translation machinery. Approximately half of the ARSs assemble into the MSC through cis-acting noncatalytic domains attached to their catalytic domains and trans-acting factors. Evolution of the MSC included its functional expansion, during which the MSC interaction network was augmented by additional cellular pathways present in higher eukaryotes. We also discuss MSC components that could be functionally involved in the pathophysiology of tumorigenesis. For example, the activities of some trans-acting factors have tumor-suppressing effects or maintain DNA integrity and are functionally compromised in cancer. On the basis of Gene Ontology analyses, we propose that the regulatory activities of the MSC-associated ARSs mainly converge on five biological processes, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and DNA repair pathways. Future studies are needed to investigate how the MSC-associated and free-ARSs interact with each other and other factors in the control of multiple cellular pathways, and how aberrant or disrupted interactions in the MSC can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Hyeon
- From the Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- the Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742
| | - Tae Jin Ahn
- the Handong Global University, Nehemiah 316, Handong-ro 558, Pohang, and
| | - Yeshin Cho
- the Handong Global University, Nehemiah 316, Handong-ro 558, Pohang, and
| | - Daehee Hwang
- From the Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873,
- the Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- the Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742
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Nyamai DW, Tastan Bishop Ö. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases as malarial drug targets: a comparative bioinformatics study. Malar J 2019; 18:34. [PMID: 30728021 PMCID: PMC6366043 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of parasitic diseases has been challenging due to evolution of drug resistant parasites, and thus there is need to identify new class of drugs and drug targets. Protein translation is important for survival of malarial parasite, Plasmodium, and the pathway is present in all of its life cycle stages. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are primary enzymes in protein translation as they catalyse amino acid addition to the cognate tRNA. This study sought to understand differences between Plasmodium and human aminoacyl tRNA synthetases through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium fragile, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium yoelii and human aminoacyl tRNA synthetase sequences were retrieved from UniProt database and grouped into 20 families based on amino acid specificity. These families were further divided into two classes. Both families and classes were analysed. Motif discovery was carried out using the MEME software, sequence identity calculation was done using an in-house Python script, multiple sequence alignments were performed using PROMALS3D and TCOFFEE tools, and phylogenetic tree calculations were performed using MEGA vs 7.0 tool. Possible alternative binding sites were predicted using FTMap webserver and SiteMap tool. RESULTS Motif discovery revealed Plasmodium-specific motifs while phylogenetic tree calculations showed that Plasmodium proteins have different evolutionary history to the human homologues. Human aaRSs sequences showed low sequence identity (below 40%) compared to Plasmodium sequences. Prediction of alternative binding sites revealed potential druggable sites in PfArgRS, PfMetRS and PfProRS at regions that are weakly conserved when compared to the human homologues. Multiple sequence analysis, motif discovery, pairwise sequence identity calculations and phylogenetic tree analysis showed significant differences between parasite and human aaRSs proteins despite functional and structural conservation. These differences may provide a basis for further exploration of Plasmodium aminoacyl tRNA synthetases as potential drug targets. CONCLUSION This study showed that, despite, functional and structural conservation, Plasmodium aaRSs have key differences from the human homologues. These differences in Plasmodium aaRSs can be targeted to develop anti-malarial drugs with less toxicity to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Wavinya Nyamai
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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Halawani D, Gogonea V, DiDonato JA, Pipich V, Yao P, China A, Topbas C, Vasu K, Arif A, Hazen SL, Fox PL. Structural control of caspase-generated glutamyl-tRNA synthetase by appended noncatalytic WHEP domains. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8843-8860. [PMID: 29643180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved enzymes catalyzing the conjugation of amino acids onto cognate tRNAs. During eukaryotic evolution, tRNA synthetases have been the targets of persistent structural modifications. These modifications can be additive, as in the evolutionary acquisition of noncatalytic domains, or subtractive, as in the generation of truncated variants through regulated mechanisms such as proteolytic processing, alternative splicing, or coding region polyadenylation. A unique variant is the human glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS) consisting of two fused synthetases joined by a linker containing three copies of the WHEP domain (termed by its presence in tryptophanyl-, histidyl-, and glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetases). Here, we identify site-selective proteolysis as a mechanism that severs the linkage between the EPRS synthetases in vitro and in vivo Caspase action targeted Asp-929 in the third WHEP domain, thereby separating the two synthetases. Using a neoepitope antibody directed against the newly exposed C terminus, we demonstrate EPRS cleavage at Asp-929 in vitro and in vivo Biochemical and biophysical characterizations of the N-terminally generated EPRS proteoform containing the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and most of the linker, including two WHEP domains, combined with structural analysis by small-angle neutron scattering, revealed a role for the WHEP domains in modulating conformations of the catalytic core and GSH-S-transferase-C-terminal-like (GST-C) domain. WHEP-driven conformational rearrangement altered GST-C domain interactions and conferred distinct oligomeric states in solution. Collectively, our results reveal long-range conformational changes imposed by the WHEP domains and illustrate how noncatalytic domains can modulate the global structure of tRNA synthetases in complex eukaryotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Halawani
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and .,the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- the Jülich Center for Neutron Science, Outstation at Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and
| | - Peng Yao
- the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Arnab China
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
| | - Celalettin Topbas
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and.,the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
| | - Abul Arif
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and.,Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Paul L Fox
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute and
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Abstract
Besides charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are involved in a plethora of non-canonical functions, including development, immune response, and angiogenesis. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. (2018) report a novel biochemical function of ARSs: posttranslational addition of amino acids to lysine residues in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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He XD, Gong W, Zhang JN, Nie J, Yao CF, Guo FS, Lin Y, Wu XH, Li F, Li J, Sun WC, Wang ED, An YP, Tang HR, Yan GQ, Yang PY, Wei Y, Mao YZ, Lin PC, Zhao JY, Xu Y, Xu W, Zhao SM. Sensing and Transmitting Intracellular Amino Acid Signals through Reversible Lysine Aminoacylations. Cell Metab 2018; 27:151-166.e6. [PMID: 29198988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are known regulators of cellular signaling and physiology, but how they are sensed intracellularly is not fully understood. Herein, we report that each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) senses its cognate amino acid sufficiency through catalyzing the formation of lysine aminoacylation (K-AA) on its specific substrate proteins. At physiologic levels, amino acids promote ARSs bound to their substrates and form K-AAs on the ɛ-amine of lysines in their substrates by producing reactive aminoacyl adenylates. The K-AA marks can be removed by deacetylases, such as SIRT1 and SIRT3, employing the same mechanism as that involved in deacetylation. These dynamically regulated K-AAs transduce signals of their respective amino acids. Reversible leucylation on ras-related GTP-binding protein A/B regulates activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Glutaminylation on apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 suppresses apoptosis. We discovered non-canonical functions of ARSs and revealed systematic and functional amino acid sensing and signal transduction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Di He
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Wei Gong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Jia-Nong Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Ji Nie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Cui-Fang Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Fu-Shen Guo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Yan Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Feng Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Jie Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Wei-Cheng Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PRC
| | - En-Duo Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PRC
| | - Yan-Peng An
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Hui-Ru Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Guo-Quan Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Peng-Yuan Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Yun Wei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Yun-Zi Mao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, PRC
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PRC.
| | - Wei Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR,IRD) and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PRC.
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Structure, function, and drug discovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:400-414. [PMID: 29305884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are the enzymes that catalyze the aminoacylation reaction by covalently linking an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in the first step of protein translation. Beyond this classical function, these enzymes are also known to have a role in several metabolic and signaling pathways that are important for cell viability. Study of these enzymes is of great interest to the researchers due to its pivotal role in the growth and survival of an organism. Further, unfolding the interesting structural and functional aspects of these enzymes in the last few years has qualified them as a potential drug target against various diseases. Here we review the classification, function, and the conserved as well the appended structural architecture of these enzymes in detail, including its association with multi-synthetase complexes. We also considered their role in human diseases in terms of mutations and autoantibodies against AARSs. Finally, we have discussed the available inhibitors against AARSs. This review offers comprehensive information on AARSs under a single canopy that would be a good inventory for researchers working in this area.
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Yakobov N, Debard S, Fischer F, Senger B, Becker HD. Cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Unanticipated relocations for unexpected functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1861:387-400. [PMID: 29155070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essentially known for their conventional function of generating the full set of aminoacyl-tRNA species that are needed to incorporate each organism's repertoire of genetically-encoded amino acids during ribosomal translation of messenger RNAs. However, bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs have been shown to exhibit other essential nonconventional functions. Here we review all the subcellular compartments that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs can reach to exert either a conventional or nontranslational role. We describe the physiological and stress conditions, the mechanisms and the signaling pathways that trigger their relocation and the new functions associated with these relocating cytosolic aaRS. Finally, given that these relocating pools of cytosolic aaRSs participate to a wide range of cellular pathways beyond translation, but equally important for cellular homeostasis, we mention some of the pathologies and diseases associated with the dis-regulation or malfunctioning of these nontranslational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Yakobov
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Debard
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Fischer
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Senger
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hubert Dominique Becker
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Fu CY, Wang PC, Tsai HJ. Competitive binding between Seryl-tRNA synthetase/YY1 complex and NFKB1 at the distal segment results in differential regulation of human vegfa promoter activity during angiogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2423-2437. [PMID: 27913726 PMCID: PMC5389716 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis. Previous studies focused on transcriptional regulation modulated by proximal upstream cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of the human vegfa promoter. However, we hypothesized that distal upstream CREs may also be involved in controlling vegfa transcription. In this study, we found that the catalytic domain of Seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) interacted with transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) to form a SerRS/YY1 complex that negatively controls vegfa promoter activity through binding distal CREs at -4654 to -4623 of vegfa. Particularly, we demonstrated that the -4654 to -4623 segment, which predominantly controls vegfa promoter activity, is involved in competitive binding between SerRS/YY1 complex and NFKB1. We further showed that VEGFA protein and blood vessel development were reduced by overexpression of either SerRS or YY1, but enhanced by the knockdown of either SerRS or yy1. In contrast, these same parameters were enhanced by overexpression of NFKB1, but reduced by knockdown of nfkb1. Therefore, we suggested that SerRS does not bind DNA directly but form a SerRS/YY1 complex, which functions as a negative effector to regulate vegfa transcription through binding at the distal CREs; while NFKB1 serves as a positive effector through competing with SerRS/YY1 binding at the overlapping CREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yang Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Ijiri M, Fujiya M, Konishi H, Tanaka H, Ueno N, Kashima S, Moriichi K, Sasajima J, Ikuta K, Okumura T. Ferrichrome identified from Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 induces apoptosis through its iron-binding site in gastric cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639907 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrichrome is known to be a siderophore, but it was recently identified as a tumor-suppressive molecule derived from Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 ( L. casei). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ferrichrome in gastric cancer cells. Cell lines and xenograft models treated with ferrichrome demonstrated growth suppression. The expression levels of cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, and cleaved caspase-9 were increased by ferrichrome treatment. Although the tumor-suppressive effects of ferrichrome were almost completely diminished by the iron chelation, the reduction in the intracellular iron by ferrichrome did not correlate with its tumor-suppressive effects. An exhaustive docking simulation indicated that iron-free ferrichrome can make stable conformations with various mammalian molecules, including transporters and receptors. In conclusion, probiotic-derived ferrichrome induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. The iron binding site of ferrichrome is the structure responsible for its tumor suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ijiri
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- 2 Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kashima
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Junpei Sasajima
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ikuta
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Kim EY, Jung JY, Kim A, Kim K, Chang YS. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:467. [PMID: 28679377 PMCID: PMC5497355 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) plays a critical role in initiating translation by transferring Met to the initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) and protection against ROS-mediated damage, suggesting that its overexpression is related to cancer growth and drug resistance. In this study, the clinical implication of MRS expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated. Methods Immunoblot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed using tissue lysates and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from wild type C57BL/6, LSL-Kras G12D, and LSL-Kras G12D:p53fl/fl mice. For human studies, 12 paired adjacent normal appearing lung tissue lysates and cancer tissue lysates, in addition to 231 FFPE tissue samples, were used. Results MRS was weakly expressed in the spleen and intestinal epithelium and only marginally expressed in the kidney, liver, and lungs of wild type C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, MRS was strongly expressed in the neoplastic region of lung tissue from LSL-Kras G12D and LSL-Kras G12D:p53fl/fl mice. Immunoblot analysis of the human normal appearing adjacent and lung cancer paired tissue lysates revealed cancer-specific MRS overexpression, which was related to mTORC1 activity. IHC analysis of the 231 FFPE lung cancer tissue samples showed that MRS expression was frequently detected in the cytoplasm of lung cancer cells (179 out of 231, 77.4%), with a small proportion (73 out of 231, 31.6%) also showing nuclear expression. The proportion of cases with positive MRS expression was higher in the advanced pStage subgroup (P = 0.018, χ2-test) and cases with MRS expression also had shorter DFS (161.6 vs 142.3, P = 0.014, log-rank test). Conclusions Taken together, MRS is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC. Moreover, MRS is related to mTORC1 activity and its overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it has potential as a putative therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3452-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arum Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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