1
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Hasegawa N, Hongo M, Okada M, Kuga T, Abe Y, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. Phosphotyrosine proteomics in cells synchronized at monopolar cytokinesis reveals EphA2 as functioning in cytokinesis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113783. [PMID: 37726045 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final step of the cell division in which cellular components are separated into two daughter cells. This process is regulated through the phosphorylation of different classes of proteins by serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinases such as Aurora B and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Conversely, the role of phosphorylation at tyrosine residues during cytokinesis has not been studied in detail yet. In this study, we performed a phosphotyrosine proteomic analysis of cells undergoing monopolar cytokinesis synchronized by using the Eg5 inhibitor (+)-S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) and the CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306. Phosphotyrosine proteomics gave 362 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides. Western blot analysis of proteins revealed tyrosine phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), vimentin, ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), and myelin protein zero-like protein 1 (MPZL1) during monopolar cytokinesis. Additionally, we demonstrated that EphA2, a protein with unknown function during cytokinesis, is involved in cytokinesis. EphA2 knockdown accelerated epithelial cell transforming 2 (Ect2) knockdown-induced multinucleation, suggesting that EphA2 plays a role in cytokinesis in a particular situation. The list also included many proteins previously reported to play roles during cytokinesis. These results evidence that the identified phosphopeptides facilitate the identification of novel tyrosine phosphorylation signaling involved in regulating cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mayue Hongo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Misaki Okada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Proteobiologics Co., Ltd., Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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2
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Ota R, Watanabe T, Wazawa Y, Kuwajima H, Honda T, Soeda S, Saito Y, Yuki R, Fukumoto Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. V-Src delocalizes Aurora B by suppressing Aurora B kinase activity during monopolar cytokinesis. Cell Signal 2023:110764. [PMID: 37315749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
c-Src tyrosine kinase plays roles in a wide range of signaling events and its increased activity is frequently observed in a variety of epithelial and non-epithelial cancers. v-Src, an oncogene first identified in the Rous sarcoma virus, is an oncogenic version of c-Src and has constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. We previously showed that v-Src induces Aurora B delocalization, resulting in cytokinesis failure and binucleated cell formation. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying v-Src-induced Aurora B delocalization. Treatment with the Eg5 inhibitor (+)-S-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC) arrested cells in a prometaphase-like state with a monopolar spindle; upon further inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) by RO-3306, cells underwent monopolar cytokinesis with bleb-like protrusions. Aurora B was localized to the protruding furrow region or the polarized plasma membrane 30 min after RO-3306 addition, whereas inducible v-Src expression caused Aurora B delocalization in cells undergoing monopolar cytokinesis. Delocalization was similarly observed in monopolar cytokinesis induced by inhibiting Mps1, instead of CDK1, in the STLC-arrested mitotic cells. Importantly, western blotting analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that v-Src decreased the levels of Aurora B autophosphorylation and its kinase activity. Furthermore, like v-Src, treatment with the Aurora B inhibitor ZM447439 also caused Aurora B delocalization at concentrations that partially inhibited Aurora B autophosphorylation. Given that phosphorylation of Aurora B by v-Src was not observed, these results suggest that v-Src causes Aurora B delocalization by indirectly suppressing Aurora B kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Ota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuuki Wazawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuwajima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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3
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Yang S, Luo Y, Yang M, Ni H, Yin H, Hu M, Liu M, Zhou J, Yang Y, Li D. Src inhibition induces mitotic arrest associated with chromosomal passenger complex. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 392:733-743. [PMID: 36988705 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src plays a key role in cell division, migration, adhesion, and survival. Src is overactivated in several cancers, where it transmits signals that promote cell survival, mitosis, and other important cancer hallmarks. Src is therefore a promising target in cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Here we show that Src is highly conserved across different species. Src expression increases during mitosis and is localized to the chromosomal passenger complex. Knockdown or inhibition of Src induces multipolar spindle formation, resulting in abnormal expression of the Aurora B and INCENP components of the chromosomal passenger complex. Molecular mechanism studies have found that Src interacts with and phosphorylates INCENP. This then leads to incorrect chromosome arrangement and segregation, resulting in cell division failure. Herein, Src and chromosomal passenger complex co-localize and Src inhibition impedes mitotic progression by inducing multipolar spindle formation. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis for using Src inhibitors to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Youguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Alfano A, Xu J, Yang X, Deshmukh D, Qiu Y. SRC Kinase-Mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of TUBB3 Regulates Its Stability and Mitotic Spindle Dynamics in Prostate Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050932. [PMID: 35631517 PMCID: PMC9146564 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin is an integral part of the cytoskeleton and plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling, maintenance, and division. β-tubulin is also the molecular target for taxane compounds such as docetaxel (DTX) and cabazitaxel (CTX), both first-line treatments for several solid cancers. Increased expression of Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), a primarily neural isoform of β-tubulin, correlates with taxane resistance and poor prognosis. Although tyrosine kinase c-Src has been implicated to phosphorylate β-tubulins during both hematopoietic and neural differentiation, the mechanisms by which Src modulates tubulins functions are still poorly understood. Here, we report, for the first time, that TUBB3 is phosphorylated at Tyrosine 340 (Y340) by c-SRC in prostate cancer cells. We also showed that Y340 phosphorylation regulates TUBB3 protein stability and subcellular localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of SRC kinase activity compromises spindle stability in mitotic cells, at least partly due to the lack of TUBB3 Y340 phosphorylation. Given the importance of TUBB3 as a clinical biomarker of poor prognosis and drug resistance, characterization of TUBB3 posttranslational regulation could potentially serve as new biomarkers for disease recurrence and/or treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Alfano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.); (J.X.); (X.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.); (J.X.); (X.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.); (J.X.); (X.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Dhanraj Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.); (J.X.); (X.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.); (J.X.); (X.Y.); (D.D.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Wheatley SP. Synchronizing Mammalian Cells for Mitotic Analysis of the Localization of Survivin. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2415:95-103. [PMID: 34972948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1904-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an easy method to enrich the harvest of adherent mammalian cells at each stage of mitosis (from prometaphase to cytokinesis) by combining Eg5 inhibition using dimethylenastron (DMA) with mitotic shake-off, followed by timed release from the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Wheatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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6
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Yamaguchi N. [Novel Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signals in the Nucleus and on Mitotic Spindle Fibers and Lysosomes Revealed by Strong Inhibition of Tyrosine Dephosphorylation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:927-947. [PMID: 34193653 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the posttranslational modifications and plays critical roles in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is reversibly regulated by protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Strong inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities is required to undoubtedly detect tyrosine phosphorylation. Our extremely careful usage of Na3VO4, a potent protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, has revealed not only the different intracellular trafficking pathways of Src-family tyrosine kinase members but also novel tyrosine phosphorylation signals in the nucleus and on mitotic spindle fibers and lysosomes. Furthermore, despite that the first identified oncogene product v-Src is generally believed to induce transformation through continuous stimulation of proliferation signaling by its strong tyrosine kinase activity, v-Src-driven transformation was found to be caused not by continuous proliferation signaling but by v-Src tyrosine kinase activity-dependent stochastic genome alterations. Here, I summarize our findings regarding novel tyrosine phosphorylation signaling in a spatiotemporal sense and highlight the significance of the roles of tyrosine phosphorylation in transcriptional regulation inside the nucleus and chromosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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7
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Ikeuchi M, Yuki R, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. The tumor suppressor LATS2 reduces v-Src-induced membrane blebs in a kinase activity-independent manner. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21242. [PMID: 33368671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001909r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When cells with excess DNA, such as tetraploid cells, undergo cell division, it can contribute to cellular transformation via asymmetrical chromosome segregation-generated genetic diversity. Cell cycle progression of tetraploid cells is suppressed by large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) kinase-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP). We recently reported that the oncogene v-Src induces tetraploidy and promotes cell cycle progression of tetraploid cells by suppressing LATS2 activity. We explore here the mechanism by which v-Src suppresses LATS2 activity and the role of LATS2 in v-Src-expressing cells. LATS2 was directly phosphorylated by v-Src and the proto-oncogene c-Src, resulting in decreased LATS2 kinase activity. This kinase-deficient LATS2 accumulated in a YAP transcriptional activity-dependent manner, and knockdown of either LATS2 or the LATS2-binding partner moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein (Merlin) accelerated v-Src-induced membrane bleb formation. Upon v-Src expression, the interaction of Merlin with LATS2 was increased possibly due to a decrease in Merlin phosphorylation at Ser518, the dephosphorylation of which is required for the open conformation of Merlin and interaction with LATS2. LATS2 was colocalized with Merlin at the plasma membrane in a manner that depends on the Merlin-binding region of LATS2. The bleb formation in v-Src-expressing and LATS2-knockdown cells was rescued by the reexpression of wild-type or kinase-dead LATS2 but not the LATS2 mutant lacking the Merlin-binding region. These results suggest that the kinase-deficient LATS2 plays a role with Merlin at the plasma membrane in the maintenance of cortical rigidity in v-Src-expressing cells, which may cause tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.,DC1, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Ikeda Y, Yasutake R, Yuki R, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. Combination Treatment of OSI-906 with Aurora B Inhibitor Reduces Cell Viability via Cyclin B1 Degradation-Induced Mitotic Slippage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115706. [PMID: 34071893 PMCID: PMC8197973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, transduces signals related to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We recently reported that OSI-906, an IGF1R inhibitor, in combination with the Aurora B inhibitor ZM447439 suppresses cell proliferation. However, the mechanism underlying this suppressive effect is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of combination treatment with OSI-906 and ZM447439 on cell division, so as to understand how cell proliferation was suppressed. Morphological analysis showed that the combination treatment generated enlarged cells with aberrant nuclei, whereas neither OSI-906 nor ZM447439 treatment alone caused this morphological change. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that over-replicated cells were generated by the combination treatment, but not by the lone treatment with either inhibitors. Time-lapse imaging showed mitotic slippage following a severe delay in chromosome alignment and cytokinesis failure with furrow regression. Furthermore, in S-trityl-l-cysteine–treated cells, cyclin B1 was precociously degraded. These results suggest that the combination treatment caused severe defect in the chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint, which resulted in the generation of over-replicated cells. The generation of over-replicated cells with massive aneuploidy may be the cause of reduction of cell viability and cell death. This study provides new possibilities of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuji Nakayama
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-595-4653; Fax: +81-75-595-4758
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9
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Thompson BJ. Par-3 family proteins in cell polarity & adhesion. FEBS J 2021; 289:596-613. [PMID: 33565714 PMCID: PMC9290619 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Par‐3/Baz family of polarity determinants is highly conserved across metazoans and includes C. elegans PAR‐3, Drosophila Bazooka (Baz), human Par‐3 (PARD3), and human Par‐3‐like (PARD3B). The C. elegans PAR‐3 protein localises to the anterior pole of asymmetrically dividing zygotes with cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and PAR‐6. The same C. elegans ‘PAR complex’ can also localise in an apical ring in epithelial cells. Drosophila Baz localises to the apical pole of asymmetrically dividing neuroblasts with Cdc42‐aPKC‐Par6, while in epithelial cells localises both in an apical ring with Cdc42‐aPKC‐Par6 and with E‐cadherin at adherens junctions. These apical and junctional localisations have become separated in human PARD3, which is strictly apical in many epithelia, and human PARD3B, which is strictly junctional in many epithelia. We discuss the molecular basis for this fundamental difference in localisation, as well as the possible functions of Par‐3/Baz family proteins as oligomeric clustering agents at the apical domain or at adherens junctions in epithelial stem cells. The evolution of Par‐3 family proteins into distinct apical PARD3 and junctional PARD3B orthologs coincides with the emergence of stratified squamous epithelia in vertebrates, where PARD3B, but not PARD3, is strongly expressed in basal layer stem cells – which lack a typical apical domain. We speculate that PARD3B may contribute to clustering of E‐cadherin, signalling from adherens junctions via Src family kinases or mitotic spindle orientation by adherens junctions in response to mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Thompson
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology & Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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10
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Morii M, Kubota S, Hasegawa C, Takeda Y, Kometani S, Enomoto K, Suzuki T, Yanase S, Sato R, Akatsu A, Hirata K, Honda T, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PRC1 and kinastrin/SKAP on the mitotic spindle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2616. [PMID: 33510346 PMCID: PMC7844303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) play important roles in a number of signal transduction events during mitosis, such as spindle formation. A relationship has been reported between SFKs and the mitotic spindle; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that SFKs accumulated in the centrosome region at the onset of mitosis. Centrosomal Fyn increased in the G2 phase in a microtubule polymerization-dependent manner. A mass spectrometry analysis using mitotic spindle preparations was performed to identify tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates. Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) and kinastrin/small kinetochore-associated protein (kinastrin/SKAP) were identified as SFK substrates. SFKs mainly phosphorylated PRC1 at Tyr-464 and kinastrin at Tyr-87. Although wild-type PRC1 is associated with microtubules, phosphomimetic PRC1 impaired the ability to bind microtubules. Phosphomimetic kinastrin at Tyr-87 also impaired binding with microtubules. Collectively, these results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of PRC1 and kinastrin plays a role in their delocalization from microtubules during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Chizu Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yumi Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shiori Kometani
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kyoko Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yanase
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Rika Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Aki Akatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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11
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Suzuki K, Honda T, Akatsu A, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. The promoting role of lysosome-localized c-Src in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109774. [PMID: 32916275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Src-family kinases (SFKs), such as c-Src, Lyn and Fyn, belong to non-receptor-type tyrosine kinases and play key roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. SFKs are anchored to the plasma membrane, Golgi membranes and lysosomal membranes through lipid modifications. Although the functions of SFKs being localized to the plasma membrane are intensively studied, those of SFKs being localized to organelle membranes are poorly understood. Here, we show that, among SFKs, c-Src in particular is involved in a decrease in the amount of LC3-II. c-Src and non-palmitoylated Lyn [Lyn(C3S) (cysteine-3 → serine-3)], which are localized onto lysosomes, decrease the amount of LC3-II and treatment with SFK inhibitors increases the amount of LC3-II, suggesting the importance of SFKs' lysosomal localization for a change of autophagic flux in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Colocalization of LC3-II with the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP1 shows that lysosome-localized SFKs promote the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Lysosome-localized SFKs play a positive role in the maintenance of cell viability under starvation conditions, which is further supported by knockdown of c-Src. Therefore, our results suggest that autophagosome-lysosome fusion is promoted by lysosome-localized c-Src, leading to cell survival under starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Aki Akatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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12
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Rainey L, Deevi RK, McClements J, Khawaja H, Watson CJ, Roudier M, Van Schaeybroeck S, Campbell FC. Fundamental control of grade-specific colorectal cancer morphology by Src regulation of ezrin-centrosome engagement. J Pathol 2020; 251:310-322. [PMID: 32315081 DOI: 10.1002/path.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic spectrum of colorectal cancer (CRC) is remarkably diverse, with seemingly endless variations in cell shape, mitotic figures and multicellular configurations. Despite this morphological complexity, histological grading of collective phenotype patterns provides robust prognostic stratification in CRC. Although mechanistic understanding is incomplete, previous studies have shown that the cortical protein ezrin controls diversification of cell shape, mitotic figure geometry and multicellular architecture, in 3D organotypic CRC cultures. Because ezrin is a substrate of Src tyrosine kinase that is frequently overexpressed in CRC, we investigated Src regulation of ezrin and morphogenic growth in 3D CRC cultures. Here we show that Src perturbations disrupt CRC epithelial spatial organisation. Aberrant Src activity suppresses formation of the cortical ezrin cap that anchors interphase centrosomes. In CRC cells with a normal centrosome number, these events lead to mitotic spindle misorientation, perturbation of cell cleavage, abnormal epithelial stratification, apical membrane misalignment, multilumen formation and evolution of cribriform multicellular morphology, a feature of low-grade cancer. In isogenic CRC cells with centrosome amplification, aberrant Src signalling promotes multipolar mitotic spindle formation, pleomorphism and morphological features of high-grade cancer. Translational studies in archival human CRC revealed associations between Src intensity, multipolar mitotic spindle frequency and high-grade cancer morphology. Collectively, our study reveals Src regulation of CRC morphogenic growth via ezrin-centrosome engagement and uncovers combined perturbations underlying transition to high-grade CRC morphology. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rainey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Ravi K Deevi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane McClements
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Hajrah Khawaja
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris J Watson
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Martine Roudier
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, AstraZeneca Oncology Translational Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Frederick C Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
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13
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Kuga T, Yamane Y, Hayashi S, Taniguchi M, Yamaguchi N, Yamagishi N. Depletion of Csk preferentially reduces the protein level of LynA in a Cbl-dependent manner in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7621. [PMID: 32376886 PMCID: PMC7203244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are eight human Src-family tyrosine kinases (SFKs). SFK members c-Src, c-Yes, Fyn, and Lyn are expressed in various cancer cells. SFK kinase activity is negatively regulated by Csk tyrosine kinase. Reduced activity of Csk causes aberrant activation of SFKs, which can be degraded by a compensatory mechanism depending on Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases. We herein investigated whether all SFK members are similarly downregulated by Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases in cancer cells lacking Csk activity. We performed Western blotting of multiple cancer cells knocked down for Csk and found that the protein levels of the 56 kDa isoform of Lyn (LynA), 53 kDa isoform of Lyn (LynB), c-Src, and Fyn, but not of c-Yes, were reduced by Csk depletion. Induction of c-Cbl protein levels was also observed in Csk-depleted cells. The reduction of LynA accompanying the depletion of Csk was significantly reversed by the knockdown for Cbls, whereas such significant recovery of LynB, c-Src, and Fyn was not observed. These results suggested that LynA is selectively downregulated by Cbls in cancer cells lacking Csk activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kuga
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yamane
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Soujirou Hayashi
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masanari Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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14
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Schukken KM, Lin YC, Bakker PL, Schubert M, Preuss SF, Simon JE, van den Bos H, Storchova Z, Colomé-Tatché M, Bastians H, Spierings DC, Foijer F. Altering microtubule dynamics is synergistically toxic with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/2/e201900499. [PMID: 31980556 PMCID: PMC6985455 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark feature of cancer cells. In this study, Schukken and colleagues screen for compounds that selectively target CIN cells and identify an inhibitor of Src kinase to be selectively toxic for CIN cells. Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. As most cancers are aneuploid, targeting aneuploidy or CIN may be an effective way to target a broad spectrum of cancers. Here, we perform two small molecule compound screens to identify drugs that selectively target cells that are aneuploid or exhibit a CIN phenotype. We find that aneuploid cells are much more sensitive to the energy metabolism regulating drug ZLN005 than their euploid counterparts. Furthermore, cells with an ongoing CIN phenotype, induced by spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) alleviation, are significantly more sensitive to the Src kinase inhibitor SKI606. We show that inhibiting Src kinase increases microtubule polymerization rates and, more generally, that deregulating microtubule polymerization rates is particularly toxic to cells with a defective SAC. Our findings, therefore, suggest that tumors with a dysfunctional SAC are particularly sensitive to microtubule poisons and, vice versa, that compounds alleviating the SAC provide a powerful means to treat tumors with deregulated microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaske M Schukken
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences and University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Petra L Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schubert
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie F Preuss
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E Simon
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences and University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Wolf B, Busso C, Gönczy P. Live imaging screen reveals that TYRO3 and GAK ensure accurate spindle positioning in human cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2859. [PMID: 31253758 PMCID: PMC6599018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper spindle positioning is crucial for spatial cell division control. Spindle positioning in human cells relies on a ternary complex comprising Gαi1-3, LGN and NuMA, which anchors dynein at the cell cortex, thus enabling pulling forces to be exerted on astral microtubules. We develop a live imaging siRNA-based screen using stereotyped fibronectin micropatterns to uncover components modulating spindle positioning in human cells, testing 1280 genes, including all kinases and phosphatases. We thus discover 16 components whose inactivation dramatically perturbs spindle positioning, including tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (TYRO3) and cyclin G associated kinase (GAK). TYRO3 depletion results in excess NuMA and dynein at the cortex during metaphase, similar to the effect of blocking the TYRO3 downstream target phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Furthermore, depletion of GAK leads to impaired astral microtubules, similar to the effect of downregulating the GAK-interactor Clathrin. Overall, our work uncovers components and mechanisms governing spindle positioning in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wolf
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Xiao X, Yang Y, Mao B, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Emerging role for SRC family kinases in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2019; 157:R85-R94. [PMID: 30608903 PMCID: PMC6602873 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinases (SFKs) are known regulators of multiple cellular events, including cell movement, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. SFKs are expressed virtually by all mammalian cells. They are non-receptor protein kinases that phosphorylate a variety of cellular proteins on tyrosine, leading to the activation of protein targets in response to environmental stimuli. Among SFKs, SRC, YES and FYN are the ubiquitously expressed and best studied members. In fact, SRC, the prototypical SFK, was the first tyrosine kinase identified in mammalian cells. Studies have shown that SFKs are regulators of cell junctions, and function in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to regulate junction restructuring events. Herein, we briefly summarize the recent findings in the field regarding the role of SFKs in the testis in regulating spermatogenesis, particularly in Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion. While it is almost 50 years since the identification of the oncogene v-Src encoded by Rous sarcoma transforming virus, the understanding of SFK involvement during spermatogenesis in the testis remains far behind that in other epithelia and tissues. The goal of this review is to bridge this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ya Ni
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Inhibitors of the VEGF Receptor Suppress HeLa S3 Cell Proliferation via Misalignment of Chromosomes and Rotation of the Mitotic Spindle, Causing a Delay in M-Phase Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124014. [PMID: 30545129 PMCID: PMC6320846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division is the process by which replicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells. Although regulation of M phase has been extensively investigated, not all regulating factors have been identified. Over the course of our research, small molecules were screened to identify those that regulate M phase. In the present study, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors A83-01, SU4312, and Ki8751 were examined to determine their effects on M phase. Treatment of HeLa S3 cells with these inhibitors suppressed cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and also suppressed Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, a marker of Akt activation. Interestingly, cleaved caspase-3 was detected in Adriamycin-treated cells but not in inhibitor-treated cells, suggesting that these inhibitors do not suppress cell proliferation by causing apoptosis. A cell cycle synchronization experiment showed that these inhibitors delayed M phase progression, whereas immunofluorescence staining and time-lapse imaging revealed that the M phase delay was accompanied by misalignment of chromosomes and rotation of the mitotic spindle. Treatment with the Mps1 inhibitor AZ3146 prevented the SU4312-induced M phase delay. In conclusion, the VEGFR inhibitors investigated here suppress cell proliferation by spindle assembly checkpoint-induced M phase delay, via misalignment of chromosomes and rotation of the mitotic spindle.
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18
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Horiuchi M, Kuga T, Saito Y, Nagano M, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. The tyrosine kinase v-Src causes mitotic slippage by phosphorylating an inhibitory tyrosine residue of Cdk1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15524-15537. [PMID: 30135207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase v-Src is an oncogene first identified in Rous sarcoma virus. The oncogenic effects of v-Src have been intensively studied; however, its effects on chromosomal integrity are not fully understood. Here, using HeLa S3/v-Src cells having inducible v-Src expression, we found that v-Src causes mitotic slippage in addition to cytokinesis failure, even when the spindle assembly checkpoint is not satisfied because of the presence of microtubule-targeting agents. v-Src's effect on mitotic slippage was also observed in cells after a knockdown of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), a protein-tyrosine kinase that inhibits Src-family kinases and was partially inhibited by PP2, an Src-family kinase inhibitor. Proteomic analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that v-Src phosphorylates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at Tyr-15. This phosphorylation attenuated Cdk1 kinase activity, resulting in a decrease in the phosphorylation of Cdk1 substrates. Furthermore, v-Src-induced mitotic slippage reduced the sensitivity of the cells to microtubule-targeting agents, and cells that survived the microtubule-targeting agents exhibited polyploidy. These results suggest that v-Src causes mitotic slippage by attenuating Cdk1 kinase activity via direct phosphorylation of Cdk1 at Tyr-15. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model for v-Src-induced oncogenesis, in which v-Src-promoted mitotic slippage due to Cdk1 phosphorylation generates genetic diversity via abnormal cell division of polyploid cells and also increases the tolerance of cancer cells to microtubule-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Horiuchi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414
| | - Youhei Saito
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414
| | - Maiko Nagano
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, and
| | - Jun Adachi
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, and
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, and
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414,
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19
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Ifuji A, Kuga T, Nakayama Y. Air-drying of cells enables visualization of antiparallel microtubule overlaps in the spindle midzone. MethodsX 2018; 5:431-437. [PMID: 30013942 PMCID: PMC6043910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining is used extensively to examine various types of cellular events. However, even when an antibody can detect its epitopes in western blotting, it sometimes fails to detect its epitopes when used for immunofluorescence staining. One example is the antiparallel microtubule overlaps in the anaphase and telophase spindle midzone, which functions as a signaling scaffold for cleavage furrow specification. It has been believed that it cannot be visualized by immunofluorescence staining due to the highly dense structure of microtubule overlaps (Ifuji et al., 2017). Here, we show a simple method for visualization of antiparallel microtubule overlaps in the anaphase and telophase spindle midzone. Air-drying cells before fixation enables visualization of antiparallel microtubule overlaps in the anaphase and telophase spindle midzone, which cannot be visualized by the conventional method. Simple method that requires minimal usage of equipment. Commonly used anti-tubulin antibodies can be used in this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ifuji
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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20
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Sun X, Qi H, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Laszlo GS, Wei B, Li T, Jiang J, Mogilner A, Fu X, Zhao M. Src activation decouples cell division orientation from cell geometry in mammalian cells. Biomaterials 2018; 170:82-94. [PMID: 29653289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientation of cell division plane plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and regeneration. Misoriented cell division underlies many important diseases, such as cancer. Studies with Drosophila and C. elegance models show that Src, a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, is a critical regulator of this aspect of mitosis. However, the role for Src in controlling cell division orientation in mammalian cells is not well understood. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches and two extracellular signals to orient cell division, we demonstrated a critical role for Src. Either knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Src would retain the fidelity of cell division orientation with the long-axis orientation of mother cells. Conversely, re-expression of Src would decouple cell division orientation from the pre-division orientation of the long axis of mother cells. Cell division orientation in human breast and gastric cancer tissues showed that the Src activation level correlated with the degree of mitotic spindle misorientation relative to the apical surface. Examination of proteins associated with cortical actin revealed that Src activation regulated the accumulation and local density of adhesion proteins on the sites of cell-matrix attachment. By analyzing division patterns in the cells with or without Src activation and through use of a mathematical model, we further support our findings and provide evidence for a previously unknown role for Src in regulating cell division orientation in relation to the pre-division geometry of mother cells, which may contribute to the misoriented cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems and Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 55 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George S Laszlo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X St #3016, Sacramento, USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury Research, Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute, Department of Biology, New York University, 251 Mercer St, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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21
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Ifuji A, Kuga T, Kaibori Y, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. A novel immunofluorescence method to visualize microtubules in the antiparallel overlaps of microtubule-plus ends in the anaphase and telophase midzone. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:347-357. [PMID: 28942021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell division, in which duplicated chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells, is the most dynamic event during cell proliferation. Chromosome movement is powered mainly by microtubules, which vary in morphology and are organized into characteristic structures according to mitotic progression. During the later stages of mitosis, antiparallel microtubules form the spindle midzone, and the irregular formation of the midzone often leads to failure of cytokinesis, giving rise to the unequal segregation of chromosomes. However, it is difficult to analyze the morphology of these microtubules because microtubules in the antiparallel overlaps of microtubule-plus ends in the midzone are embedded in highly electron-dense matrices, impeding the access of anti-tubulin antibodies to their epitopes during immunofluorescence staining. Here, we developed a novel method to visualize selectively antiparallel microtubule overlaps in the midzone. When cells are air-dried before fixation, aligned α-tubulin staining is observed and colocalized with PRC1 in the center of the midzone of anaphase and telophase cells, suggesting that antiparallel microtubule overlaps can be visualized by this method. In air-dried cells, mCherry-α-tubulin fluorescence and β-tubulin staining show almost the same pattern as α-tubulin staining in the midzone, suggesting that the selective visualization of antiparallel microtubule overlaps in air-dried cells is not attributed to an alteration of the antigenicity of α-tubulin. Taxol treatment extends the microtubule filaments of the midzone in air-dried cells, and nocodazole treatment conversely decreases the number of microtubules, suggesting that unstable microtubules are depolymerized during the air-drying method. It is of note that the air-drying method enables the detection of the disruption of the midzone and premature midzone formation upon Aurora B and Plk1 inhibition, respectively. These results suggest that the air-drying method is suitable for visualizing microtubules in the antiparallel overlaps of microtubule-plus ends of the midzone and for detecting their effects on midzone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ifuji
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kaibori
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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22
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Palladin is a novel microtubule-associated protein responsible for spindle orientation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11806. [PMID: 28924223 PMCID: PMC5603589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindles, which consist of microtubules (MTs) and associated proteins, play critical roles in controlling cell division and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The orientation of the mitotic spindle is closely related with the duration of mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism in regulating the orientation of the mitotic spindles is largely undefined. In this study, we found that Palladin is a novel MT-associated protein and regulator of spindle orientation, which maintains proper spindle orientation by stabilizing astral MTs. Palladin depletion distorted spindle orientation, prolonged the metaphase, and impaired proliferation of HeLa cells. Results showed that Palladin depletion-induced spindle misorientation and astral MT instability could be rescued by constitutively active AKT1 or dominant negative GSK3β. Our findings revealed that Palladin regulates spindle orientation and mitotic progression mainly through the AKT1–GSK3β pathway.
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23
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Bickel KG, Mann BJ, Waitzman JS, Poor TA, Rice SE, Wadsworth P. Src family kinase phosphorylation of the motor domain of the human kinesin-5, Eg5. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017. [PMID: 28646493 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spindle formation in mammalian cells requires precise spatial and temporal regulation of the kinesin-5, Eg5, which generates outward force to establish spindle bipolarity. Our results demonstrate that Eg5 is phosphorylated in cultured cells by Src family kinases (SFKs) at three sites in the motor head: Y125, Y211, and Y231. Mutation of these sites diminishes motor activity in vitro, and replacement of endogenous Eg5 with phosphomimetic Y211 in LLC-Pk1 cells results in monopolar spindles, consistent with loss of Eg5 activity. Cells treated with SFK inhibitors show defects in spindle formation, similar to those in cells expressing the nonphosphorylatable Y211 mutant, and distinct from inhibition of other mitotic kinases. We propose that this phosphoregulatory mechanism tunes Eg5 enzymatic activity for optimal spindle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Bickel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Barbara J Mann
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
| | - Joshua S Waitzman
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Sarah E Rice
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Patricia Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
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24
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Nakayama Y, Soeda S, Ikeuchi M, Kakae K, Yamaguchi N. Cytokinesis Failure Leading to Chromosome Instability in v-Src-Induced Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040811. [PMID: 28417908 PMCID: PMC5412395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
v-Src, an oncogene found in Rous sarcoma virus, is a constitutively active variant of c-Src. Activation of Src is observed frequently in colorectal and breast cancers, and is critical in tumor progression through multiple processes. However, in some experimental conditions, v-Src causes growth suppression and apoptosis. In this review, we highlight recent progress in our understanding of cytokinesis failure and the attenuation of the tetraploidy checkpoint in v-Src-expressing cells. v-Src induces cell cycle changes—such as the accumulation of the 4N cell population—and increases the number of binucleated cells, which is accompanied by an excess number of centrosomes. Time-lapse analysis of v-Src-expressing cells showed that cytokinesis failure is caused by cleavage furrow regression. Microscopic analysis revealed that v-Src induces delocalization of cytokinesis regulators including Aurora B and Mklp1. Tetraploid cell formation is one of the causes of chromosome instability; however, tetraploid cells can be eliminated at the tetraploidy checkpoint. Interestingly, v-Src weakens the tetraploidy checkpoint by inhibiting the nuclear exclusion of the transcription coactivator YAP, which is downstream of the Hippo pathway and its nuclear exclusion is critical in the tetraploidy checkpoint. We also discuss the relationship between v-Src-induced chromosome instability and growth suppression in v-Src-induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kakae
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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25
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Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is rare, representing only about 0.5% of phosphorylations in the cell under basal conditions. While mitogenic tyrosine kinase signaling has been extensively explored, the role of phosphotyrosine signaling across the cell cycle and in particular during mitosis is poorly understood. Two recent, independent studies tackled this question from different angles to reveal exciting new insights into the role of this modification during cell division. Caron et al. 1 exploited mitotic phosphoproteomics data sets to determine the extent of mitotic tyrosine phosphorylation, and St-Denis et al. 2 identified protein tyrosine phosphatases from all subfamilies as regulators of mitotic progression or spindle formation. These studied collectively revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation may play a more prominent and active role in mitotic progression than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Elowe
- a Department de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Medicine , Université Laval, Axe de Réproduction, Santé de la Mère et de l'enfant, Centre de Rechereche du CHU de Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
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26
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Fukushima K, Wang M, Naito Y, Uchihashi T, Kato Y, Mukai S, Yabuta N, Nojima H. GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src and translocated from the centrosome to chromatin at the end of telophase. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:415-427. [PMID: 28135906 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1241916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) harbors a consensus phosphorylation motif (Y412) for c-Src; however, its physiological significance remains elusive. Here, we show that GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src not only at Y412 but also at Y1149. An anti-GAK-pY412 antibody recognized the shifted band of GAK during M phase. Immunofluorescence (IF) showed that GAK-pY412/pY1149 signals were present in the nucleus during interphase, translocated to chromosomes at prophase and prometaphase, moved to centrosomes at metaphase, and finally translocated to chromosomes at the end of telophase, when nuclear membrane formation was almost complete. These subcellular movements of GAK resemble those of DNA licensing factors. Indeed, mass spectrometry identified mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) 3, an essential component of the DNA licensing system, as one of the association partners of GAK; immunoprecipitation-mediated Western blotting confirmed their association in vivo. These results suggest that the c-Src_GAK_MCM axis plays an important role in cell cycle progression through control of the DNA replication licensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohshiro Fukushima
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Mian Wang
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yoko Naito
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- b First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yorika Kato
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka , Japan
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27
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Morii M, Kubota S, Honda T, Yuki R, Morinaga T, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Src Acts as an Effector for Ku70-dependent Suppression of Apoptosis through Phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1648-1665. [PMID: 27998981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases are widely expressed in many cell types and participate in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Despite the significance of Src in suppression of apoptosis, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that Src acts as an effector for Ku70-dependent suppression of apoptosis. Inhibition of endogenous Src activity promotes UV-induced apoptosis, which is impaired by Ku70 knockdown. Src phosphorylates Ku70 at Tyr-530, being close to the possible acetylation sites involved in promotion of apoptosis. Src-mediated phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530 decreases acetylation of Ku70, whereas Src inhibition augments acetylation of Ku70. Importantly, knockdown-rescue experiments with stable Ku70 knockdown cells show that the nonphosphorylatable Y530F mutant of Ku70 reduces the ability of Ku70 to suppress apoptosis accompanied by augmentation of Ku70 acetylation. Our results reveal that Src plays a protective role against hyperactive apoptotic cell death by reducing apoptotic susceptibility through phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morii
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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28
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Caron D, Byrne DP, Thebault P, Soulet D, Landry CR, Eyers PA, Elowe S. Mitotic phosphotyrosine network analysis reveals that tyrosine phosphorylation regulates Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs14. [PMID: 27965426 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is closely associated with cell proliferation. During the cell cycle, serine and threonine phosphorylation plays the leading role, and such phosphorylation events are most dynamic during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. However, mitotic phosphotyrosine is not well characterized. Although a few functionally-relevant mitotic phosphotyrosine sites have been characterized, evidence suggests that this modification may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. Here, we examined tyrosine phosphorylation in mitotic human cells including those on spindle-associated proteins.? Database mining confirmed ~2000 mitotic phosphotyrosine sites, and network analysis revealed a number of subnetworks that were enriched in tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including components of the kinetochore or spindle and SRC family kinases. We identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a major signaling hub in the spindle subnetwork, as phosphorylated at the conserved Tyr217 in the kinase domain. Substitution of Tyr217 with a phosphomimetic residue eliminated PLK1 activity in vitro and in cells. Further analysis showed that Tyr217 phosphorylation reduced the phosphorylation of Thr210 in the activation loop, a phosphorylation event necessary for PLK1 activity. Our data indicate that mitotic tyrosine phosphorylation regulated a key serine/threonine kinase hub in mitotic cells and suggested that spatially separating tyrosine phosphorylation events can reveal previously unrecognized regulatory events and complexes associated with specific structures of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Caron
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Philippe Thebault
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Department of Psychiatry et Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Department of Biology, PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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29
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Honda T, Soeda S, Tsuda K, Yamaguchi C, Aoyama K, Morinaga T, Yuki R, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Protective role for lipid modifications of Src-family kinases against chromosome missegregation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38751. [PMID: 27941902 PMCID: PMC5150256 DOI: 10.1038/srep38751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases, which are expressed in various cell types, play critical roles in cell signalling at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane through their lipid modifications. Src-family kinases are cotranslationally myristoylated and posttranslationally palmitoylated in the amino-terminal region. The Src-family member Lyn contains a myristoylation site at glycine-2 and a palmitoylation site at cysteine-3, whereas c-Src has a myristoylation site at glycine-2 but not any palmitoylation sites. However, little is known about the role for lipid modifications of Src-family kinases in cell division. Here, we show that non-lipid-modified Lyn and c-Src, Lyn(G2A/C3A) and c-Src(G2A), are delocalized from membranes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, which gives rise to a significant increase in the rate of chromosome missegregation, such as chromosome lagging and anaphase chromosome bridging, in a tyrosine kinase activity-dependent manner. Treatment with the Src inhibitor PP2 shows that the kinase activity of non-lipid-modified, non-membrane-bound Src during M phase is critical for giving rise to chromosome missegregation. Given that only a fraction of Src-family kinases fails in lipid modifications during biosynthesis, these results suggest that Src’s membrane anchorage through their lipid modifications from prophase to anaphase plays a protective role against induction of chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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30
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Kakae K, Ikeuchi M, Kuga T, Saito Y, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. v-Src-induced nuclear localization of YAP is involved in multipolar spindle formation in tetraploid cells. Cell Signal 2016; 30:19-29. [PMID: 27871934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein-tyrosine kinase, c-Src, is involved in a variety of signaling events, including cell division. We have reported that v-Src, which is a mutant variant of the cellular proto-oncogene, c-Src, causes delocalization of Aurora B kinase, resulting in a furrow regression in cytokinesis and the generation of multinucleated cells. However, the effect of v-Src on mitotic spindle formation is unknown. Here we show that v-Src-expressing HCT116 and NIH3T3 cells undergo abnormal cell division, in which cells separate into more than two cells. Upon v-Src expression, the proportion of multinucleated cells is increased in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that v-Src increases the number of cells having a ≥4N DNA content. Microscopic analysis showed that v-Src induces the formation of multipolar spindles with excess centrosomes. These results suggest that v-Src induces multipolar spindle formation by generating multinucleated cells. Tetraploidy activates the tetraploidy checkpoint, leading to a cell cycle arrest of tetraploid cells at the G1 phase, in which the nuclear exclusion of the transcription co-activator YAP plays a critical role. In multinucleated cells that are induced by cytochalasin B and the Plk1 inhibitor, YAP is excluded from the nucleus. However, v-Src prevents this nuclear exclusion of YAP through a decrease in the phosphorylation of YAP at Ser127 in multinucleated cells. Furthermore, v-Src decreases the expression level of p53, which also plays a critical role in the cell cycle arrest of tetraploid cells. These results suggest that v-Src promotes abnormal spindle formation in at least two ways: generation of multinucleated cells and a weakening of the tetraploidy checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kakae
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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31
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Kim S, Min A, Lee KH, Yang Y, Kim TY, Lim JM, Park SJ, Nam HJ, Kim JE, Song SH, Han SW, Oh DY, Kim JH, Kim TY, Hangauer D, Lau JYN, Im K, Lee DS, Bang YJ, Im SA. Antitumor Effect of KX-01 through Inhibiting Src Family Kinases and Mitosis. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:643-655. [PMID: 27737538 PMCID: PMC5512373 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE KX-01 is a novel dual inhibitor of Src and tubulin. Unlike previous Src inhibitors that failed to show clinical benefit during treatment of breast cancer, KX-01 can potentially overcome the therapeutic limitations of current Src inhibitors through inhibition of both Src and tubulin. The present study further evaluates the activity and mechanism of KX-01 in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antitumor effect of KX-01 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines was determined by MTT assay. Wound healing and immunofluorescence assays were performed to evaluate the action mechanisms of KX-01. Changes in the cell cycle and molecular changes induced by KX-01 were also evaluated. A MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model was used to demonstrate the in vivo effects. RESULTS KX-01 effectively inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell lines. The expression of phospho-Src and proliferative-signaling molecules were down-regulated in KX-01-sensitive TNBC cell lines. In addition, migration inhibition was observed by wound healing assay. KX-01-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased the aneuploid cell population in KX-01-sensitive cell lines. Multi-nucleated cells were significantly increased after KX-01 treatment. Furthermore, KX-01 effectively delayed tumor growth in a MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION KX-01 effectively inhibited cell growth and migration of TNBC cells. Moreover, this study demonstrated that KX-01 showed antitumor effects through the inhibition of Src signaling and the induction of mitotic catastrophe. The antitumor effects of KX-01 were also demonstrated in vivo using a mouse xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyeong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahrum Min
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaewon Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Min Lim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - David Hangauer
- Kinex Pharmaceutical Corporation, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformartics and Life Sciences, NY, USA
| | - Johnson Yiu-Nam Lau
- Kinex Pharmaceutical Corporation, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformartics and Life Sciences, NY, USA
| | - Kyongok Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Mitotic Spindle Positioning in the EMS Cell of Caenorhabditis elegans Requires LET-99 and LIN-5/NuMA. Genetics 2016; 204:1177-1189. [PMID: 27672093 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.192831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric divisions produce daughter cells with different fates, and thus are critical for animal development. During asymmetric divisions, the mitotic spindle must be positioned on a polarized axis to ensure the differential segregation of cell fate determinants into the daughter cells. In many cell types, a cortically localized complex consisting of Gα, GPR-1/2, and LIN-5 (Gαi/Pins/Mud, Gαi/LGN/NuMA) mediates the recruitment of dynactin/dynein, which exerts pulling forces on astral microtubules to physically position the spindle. The conserved PAR polarity proteins are known to regulate both cytoplasmic asymmetry and spindle positioning in many cases. However, spindle positioning also occurs in response to cell signaling cues that appear to be PAR-independent. In the four-cell Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, Wnt and Mes-1/Src-1 signaling pathways act partially redundantly to align the spindle on the anterior/posterior axis of the endomesodermal (EMS) precursor cell. It is unclear how those extrinsic signals individually contribute to spindle positioning and whether either pathway acts via conserved spindle positioning regulators. Here, we genetically test the involvement of Gα, LIN-5, and their negative regulator LET-99, in transducing EMS spindle positioning polarity cues. We also examined whether the C. elegans ortholog of another spindle positioning regulator, DLG-1, is required. We show that LET-99 acts in the Mes-1/Src-1 pathway for spindle positioning. LIN-5 is also required for EMS spindle positioning, possibly through a Gα- and DLG-1-independent mechanism.
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Kumar R, Agrawal T, Khan NA, Nakayama Y, Medigeshi GR. Identification and characterization of the role of c-terminal Src kinase in dengue virus replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30490. [PMID: 27457684 PMCID: PMC4960526 DOI: 10.1038/srep30490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We screened a siRNA library targeting human tyrosine kinases in Huh-7 cells and identified c-terminal Src kinase (Csk) as one of the kinases involved in dengue virus replication. Knock-down of Csk expression by siRNAs or inhibition of Csk by an inhibitor reduced dengue virus RNA levels but did not affect viral entry. Csk partially colocalized with viral replication compartments. Dengue infection was drastically reduced in cells lacking the three ubiquitous src family kinases, Src, Fyn and Yes. Csk knock-down in these cells failed to block dengue virus replication suggesting that the effect of Csk is via regulation of Src family kinases. Csk was found to be hyper-phosphorylated during dengue infection and inhibition of protein kinase A led to a block in Csk phosphorylation and dengue virus replication. Overexpression studies suggest an important role for the kinase and SH3 domains in this process. Our results identified a novel role for Csk as a host tyrosine kinase involved in dengue virus replication and provide further insights into the role of host factors in dengue replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Kumar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanvi Agrawal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Naseem Ahmed Khan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
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Fukumoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N. The KYxxL motif in Rad17 protein is essential for the interaction with the 9-1-1 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:982-987. [PMID: 27387238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATR-dependent DNA damage checkpoint is the major DNA damage checkpoint against UV irradiation and DNA replication stress. The Rad17-RFC and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complexes interact with each other to contribute to ATR signaling, however, the precise regulatory mechanism of the interaction has not been established. Here, we identified a conserved sequence motif, KYxxL, in the AAA+ domain of Rad17 protein, and demonstrated that this motif is essential for the interaction with the 9-1-1 complex. We also show that UV-induced Rad17 phosphorylation is increased in the Rad17 KYxxL mutants. These data indicate that the interaction with the 9-1-1 complex is not required for Rad17 protein to be an efficient substrate for the UV-induced phosphorylation. Our data also raise the possibility that the 9-1-1 complex plays a negative regulatory role in the Rad17 phosphorylation. We also show that the nucleotide-binding activity of Rad17 is required for its nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fukumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Interphase adhesion geometry is transmitted to an internal regulator for spindle orientation via caveolin-1. Nat Commun 2016; 7:ncomms11858. [PMID: 27292265 PMCID: PMC4910015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite theoretical and physical studies implying that cell-extracellular matrix adhesion geometry governs the orientation of the cell division axis, the molecular mechanisms that translate interphase adhesion geometry to the mitotic spindle orientation remain elusive. Here, we show that the cellular edge retraction during mitotic cell rounding correlates with the spindle axis. At the onset of mitotic cell rounding, caveolin-1 is targeted to the retracting cortical region at the proximal end of retraction fibres, where ganglioside GM1-enriched membrane domains with clusters of caveola-like structures are formed in an integrin and RhoA-dependent manner. Furthermore, Gαi1–LGN–NuMA, a well-known regulatory complex of spindle orientation, is targeted to the caveolin-1-enriched cortical region to guide the spindle axis towards the cellular edge retraction. We propose that retraction-induced cortical heterogeneity of caveolin-1 during mitotic cell rounding sets the spindle orientation in the context of adhesion geometry. Studies imply that cell adhesion geometry during interphase dictates the orientation of the cell division axis. Here the authors show that accumulation of caveolin-1 to rapidly retracting regions during cell rounding sets the spindle orientation by recruiting Gαi1-LGN-NuMA to the cortex.
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Ikeuchi M, Fukumoto Y, Honda T, Kuga T, Saito Y, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. v-Src Causes Chromosome Bridges in a Caffeine-Sensitive Manner by Generating DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060871. [PMID: 27271602 PMCID: PMC4926405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in Src activity is commonly observed in epithelial cancers. Aberrant activation of the kinase activity is associated with malignant progression. However, the mechanisms that underlie the Src-induced malignant progression of cancer are not completely understood. We show here that v-Src, an oncogene that was first identified from a Rous sarcoma virus and a mutant variant of c-Src, leads to an increase in the number of anaphase and telophase cells having chromosome bridges. v-Src increases the number of γH2AX foci, and this increase is inhibited by treatment with PP2, a Src kinase inhibitor. v-Src induces the phosphorylation of KAP1 at Ser824, Chk2 at Thr68, and Chk1 at Ser345, suggesting the activation of the ATM/ATR pathway. Caffeine decreases the number of cells having chromosome bridges at a concentration incapable of inhibiting Chk1 phosphorylation at Ser345. These results suggest that v-Src induces chromosome bridges via generation of DNA damage and the subsequent DNA damage response, possibly by homologous recombination. A chromosome bridge gives rise to the accumulation of DNA damage directly through chromosome breakage and indirectly through cytokinesis failure-induced multinucleation. We propose that v-Src-induced chromosome bridge formation is one of the causes of the v-Src-induced malignant progression of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takuya Honda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Iwamoto E, Ueta N, Matsui Y, Kamijo K, Kuga T, Saito Y, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. ERK Plays a Role in Chromosome Alignment and Participates in M-Phase Progression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1340-51. [PMID: 26529125 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell division, a prerequisite for cell proliferation, is a process in which each daughter cell inherits one complete set of chromosomes. The mitotic spindle is a dedicated apparatus for the alignment and segregation of chromosomes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 plays crucial roles in cell cycle progression, particularly during M-phase. Although, association with the mitotic spindle has been reported, the precise roles played by ERK in the dynamics of the mitotic spindle and in M-phase progression remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used MEK inhibitors U0126 and GSK1120212 to dissect the roles of ERK in M-phase progression and chromosome alignment. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that ERK is localized to the spindle microtubules in a manner independent of Src kinase, which is one of the kinases upstream of ERK at mitotic entry. ERK inhibition induces an increase in the number of prophase cells and a decrease in the number of anaphase cells. Time-lapse imaging revealed that ERK inhibition perturbs chromosome alignment, thereby preventing cells from entering anaphase. These results suggest that ERK plays a role in M-phase progression by regulating chromosome alignment and demonstrate one of the mechanisms by which the aberration of ERK signaling may produce cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ueta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keiju Kamijo
- Department of Anatomy, Anthropology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
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Fuchs M, Luthold C, Guilbert SM, Varlet AA, Lambert H, Jetté A, Elowe S, Landry J, Lavoie JN. A Role for the Chaperone Complex BAG3-HSPB8 in Actin Dynamics, Spindle Orientation and Proper Chromosome Segregation during Mitosis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005582. [PMID: 26496431 PMCID: PMC4619738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-chaperone BAG3, in complex with the heat shock protein HSPB8, plays a role in protein quality control during mechanical strain. It is part of a multichaperone complex that senses damaged cytoskeletal proteins and orchestrates their seclusion and/or degradation by selective autophagy. Here we describe a novel role for the BAG3-HSPB8 complex in mitosis, a process involving profound changes in cell tension homeostasis. BAG3 is hyperphosphorylated at mitotic entry and localizes to centrosomal regions. BAG3 regulates, in an HSPB8-dependent manner, the timely congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate by influencing the three-dimensional positioning of the mitotic spindle. Depletion of BAG3 caused defects in cell rounding at metaphase and dramatic blebbing of the cortex associated with abnormal spindle rotations. Similar defects were observed upon silencing of the autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM1 that contributes to BAG3-mediated selective autophagy pathway. Mitotic cells depleted of BAG3, HSPB8 or p62/SQSTM1 exhibited disorganized actin-rich retraction fibres, which are proposed to guide spindle orientation. Proper spindle positioning was rescued in BAG3-depleted cells upon addition of the lectin concanavalin A, which restores cortex rigidity. Together, our findings suggest the existence of a so-far unrecognized quality control mechanism involving BAG3, HSPB8 and p62/SQSTM1 for accurate remodelling of actin-based mitotic structures that guide spindle orientation. Small heat shock proteins (sHSP/HSPB) form a diverse family of ATP-independent chaperones. Some of them protect the proteome against aggregation during stress and others regulate normal biological processes through ill-defined mechanisms. Interactions between HSPB proteins and elements of the cytoskeleton are increasingly linked to their implication in human degenerative diseases and cancer. For instance, a multichaperone complex containing HSPB8 and its co-chaperone BAG3 would maintain muscle cell integrity by promoting the autophagic clearance of damaged components within F-actin structures. Selective autophagy is a targeted protein degradation mechanism for elimination of damaged organelles and proteins. It may also regulate removal of signaling proteins from their functionally relevant sites during intense remodeling of the cytoskeleton, as it occurs during mitosis. Here, we report a novel role for HSPB8 and BAG3 during mitosis in mammalian cells that involves the autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM1. We show that a reduction of any protein within the HSPB8-BAG3-p62/SQSTM signaling axis similarly impairs mitotic progression and chromosome segregation by affecting orientation of the mitotic spindle and assembly of mitotic-specific actin structures. Our findings establish a unique role for HSPB8 in a novel function of BAG3 in mitotic cell division and genome stability, through effect on remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Fuchs
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carole Luthold
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Solenn M. Guilbert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Anaïs Varlet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Herman Lambert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Jetté
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Reproduction, Perinatal Health and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Landry
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée N. Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval and Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Okamoto M, Nakayama Y, Kakihana A, Yuki R, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Fyn Accelerates M Phase Progression by Promoting the Assembly of Mitotic Spindle Microtubules. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:894-903. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChiba 260‐8675Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChiba 260‐8675Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyoto 607‐8414Japan
| | - Ayana Kakihana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyoto 607‐8414Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChiba 260‐8675Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChiba 260‐8675Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChiba 260‐8675Japan
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40
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Makiyama T, Nakamura H, Nagasaka N, Yamashita H, Honda T, Yamaguchi N, Nishida A, Murayama T. Trafficking of Acetyl-C16-Ceramide-NBD with Long-Term Stability and No Cytotoxicity into the Golgi Complex. Traffic 2015; 16:476-92. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Makiyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Nobuo Nagasaka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Hisahiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
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Growth factor dependent regulation of centrosome function and genomic instability by HuR. Biomolecules 2015; 5:263-81. [PMID: 25803745 PMCID: PMC4384122 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA binding protein HuR is over expressed in cancer cells and contributes to disease progression through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. The regulation of HuR and how this relates to glioma is the focus of this report. SRC and c-Abl kinases regulate HuR sub-cellular trafficking and influence accumulation in the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) via a growth factor dependent signaling mechanism. Growth factor stimulation of glioma cell lines results in the associate of HuR with the PCM and amplification of centrosome number. This process is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of HuR and is abolished by mutating tyrosine residues. HuR is overexpressed in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma and associated with a reduced survival. These findings suggest HuR plays a significant role in centrosome amplification and genomic instability, which contributes to a worse disease outcome.
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Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of human ATF7 at Thr-51 and Thr-53 promotes cell-cycle progression into M phase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116048. [PMID: 25545367 PMCID: PMC4278844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and its homolog ATF7 are phosphorylated at Thr-69/Thr-71 and at Thr-51/Thr-53, respectively, by stress-activated MAPKs regulating their transcriptional functions in G1 and S phases. However, little is known about the role of ATF2 and ATF7 in G2/M phase. Here, we show that Cdk1-cyclin B1 phosphorylates ATF2 at Thr-69/Thr-71 and ATF7 at Thr-51/Thr-53 from early prophase to anaphase in the absence of any stress stimulation. Knockdown of ATF2 or ATF7 decreases the rate of cell proliferation and the number of cells in M-phase. In particular, the knockdown of ATF7 severely inhibits cell proliferation and G2/M progression. The inducible expression of a mitotically nonphosphorylatable version of ATF7 inhibits G2/M progression despite the presence of endogenous ATF7. We also show that mitotic phosphorylation of ATF7 promotes the activation of Aurora kinases, which are key enzymes for early mitotic events. These results suggest that the Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of ATF7 facilitates G2/M progression, at least in part, by enabling Aurora signaling.
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Nakayama Y, Saito Y, Soeda S, Iwamoto E, Ogawa S, Yamagishi N, Kuga T, Yamaguchi N. Genistein induces cytokinesis failure through RhoA delocalization and anaphase chromosome bridging. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:763-71. [PMID: 24453048 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone abundantly present in soybeans, possesses anticancer properties and induces growth inhibition including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although abnormal cell division, such as defects in chromosome segregation and spindle formation, and polyploidization have been described, the mechanisms underlying the induction of abnormal cell division are unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of genistein on cell division in cells that are synchronized in M phase, since genistein treatment delays mitotic entry in asynchronous cells. HeLa S3 cells were arrested at the G2 phase and subsequently released into the M phase in presence of genistein. Immunofluorescence staining showed that genistein treatment delays M phase progression. Time-lapse analysis revealed that the delay occurs until anaphase onset. In addition, genistein treatment induces cleavage furrow regression, resulting in the generation of binucleated cells. Central spindle formation, which is essential for cytokinesis, is partially disrupted in genistein-treated cells. Moreover, aberrant chromosome segregation, such as a chromosome bridge and lagging chromosome, occurs through progression of cytokinesis. RhoA, which plays a role in the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring, is delocalized from the cortex of the ingressing cleavage furrow. These results suggest that genistein treatment induces binucleated cell formation through cleavage furrow regression, which is accompanied by chromosome bridge formation and RhoA delocalization. Our results provide the mechanism that underlies genistein-induced polyploidization, which may be involved in genistein-induced growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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Morinaga T, Abe K, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Activation of Lyn tyrosine kinase through decreased membrane cholesterol levels during a change in its membrane distribution upon cell detachment. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26327-26343. [PMID: 25104351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes, which can serve as scaffolds for signal transduction, dynamically change their characteristics upon cell detachment. Src family kinases undergo post-translational lipid modification and are involved in a wide range of signaling events at the plasma membrane, such as cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and survival. Previously, we showed the differential membrane distributions among the members of Src family kinases by sucrose density gradient fractionation. However, little is known about the regulation of the membrane distribution of Src family kinases upon cell detachment. Here, we show that cell detachment shifts the main peak of the membrane distribution of Lyn, a member of Src family kinase, from the low density to the high density membrane fractions and enhances the kinase activity of Lyn. The change in Lyn distribution upon cell detachment involves both dynamin activity and a decrease in membrane cholesterol. Cell detachment activates Lyn through decreased membrane cholesterol levels during a change in its membrane distribution. Furthermore, cholesterol incorporation decreases Lyn activity and reduces the viability of suspension cells. These results suggest that cell detachment-induced Lyn activation through the change in the membrane distribution of Lyn plays an important role in survival of suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kohei Abe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Fukumoto Y, Morii M, Miura T, Kubota S, Ishibashi K, Honda T, Okamoto A, Yamaguchi N, Iwama A, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N. Src family kinases promote silencing of ATR-Chk1 signaling in termination of DNA damage checkpoint. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12313-29. [PMID: 24634213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage checkpoint arrests cell cycle progression to allow time for repair. Once DNA repair is completed, checkpoint signaling is terminated. Currently little is known about the mechanism by which checkpoint signaling is terminated, and the disappearance of DNA lesions is considered to induce the end of checkpoint signaling; however, here we show that the termination of checkpoint signaling is an active process promoted by Src family tyrosine kinases. Inhibition of Src activity delays recovery from the G2 phase DNA damage checkpoint following DNA repair. Src activity is required for the termination of checkpoint signaling, and inhibition of Src activity induces persistent activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)- and Rad3-related (ATR) and Chk1 kinases. Src-dependent nuclear protein tyrosine phosphorylation and v-Src expression suppress the ATR-mediated Chk1 and Rad17 phosphorylation induced by DNA double strand breaks or DNA replication stress. Thus, Src family kinases promote checkpoint recovery through termination of ATR- and Chk1-dependent G2 DNA damage checkpoint. These results suggest a model according to which Src family kinases send a termination signal between the completion of DNA repair and the initiation of checkpoint termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fukumoto
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan and
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Kubota S, Fukumoto Y, Ishibashi K, Soeda S, Kubota S, Yuki R, Nakayama Y, Aoyama K, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Activation of the prereplication complex is blocked by mimosine through reactive oxygen species-activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein without DNA damage. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5730-46. [PMID: 24421316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimosine is an effective cell synchronization reagent used for arresting cells in late G1 phase. However, the mechanism underlying mimosine-induced G1 cell cycle arrest remains unclear. Using highly synchronous cell populations, we show here that mimosine blocks S phase entry through ATM activation. HeLa S3 cells are exposed to thymidine for 15 h, released for 9 h by washing out the thymidine, and subsequently treated with 1 mM mimosine for a further 15 h (thymidine → mimosine). In contrast to thymidine-induced S phase arrest, mimosine treatment synchronizes >90% of cells at the G1-S phase boundary by inhibiting the transition of the prereplication complex to the preinitiation complex. Mimosine treatment activates ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-mediated checkpoint signaling without inducing DNA damage. Inhibition of ATM activity is found to induce mimosine-arrested cells to enter S phase. In addition, ATM activation by mimosine treatment is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that, upon mimosine treatment, ATM blocks S phase entry in response to ROS, which prevents replication fork stalling-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kubota
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Kinsey WH. SRC-family tyrosine kinases in oogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization: an evolutionary perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:33-56. [PMID: 25030759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is a highly specialized cell poised to respond to fertilization with a unique set of actions needed to recognize and incorporate a single sperm, complete meiosis, reprogram maternal and paternal genomes and assemble them into a unique zygotic genome, and finally initiate the mitotic cell cycle. Oocytes accomplish this diverse series of events through an array of signal transduction pathway components that include a characteristic collection of protein tyrosine kinases. The src-family protein kinases (SFKs) figure importantly in this signaling array and oocytes characteristically express certain SFKs at high levels to provide for the unique actions that the oocyte must perform. The SFKs typically exhibit a distinct pattern of subcellular localization in oocytes and perform critical functions in different subcellular compartments at different steps during oocyte maturation and fertilization. While many aspects of SFK signaling are conserved among oocytes from different species, significant differences exist in the extent to which src-family-mediated pathways are used by oocytes from species that fertilize externally vs those which are fertilized internally. The observation that several oocyte functions which require SFK signaling appear to represent common points of failure during assisted reproductive techniques in humans, highlights the importance of these signaling pathways for human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Kinsey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA,
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Soeda S, Nakayama Y, Honda T, Aoki A, Tamura N, Abe K, Fukumoto Y, Yamaguchi N. v-Src causes delocalization of Mklp1, Aurora B, and INCENP from the spindle midzone during cytokinesis failure. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1382-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lu MS, Johnston CA. Molecular pathways regulating mitotic spindle orientation in animal cells. Development 2013; 140:1843-56. [PMID: 23571210 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientation of the cell division axis is essential for the correct development and maintenance of tissue morphology, both for symmetric cell divisions and for the asymmetric distribution of fate determinants during, for example, stem cell divisions. Oriented cell division depends on the positioning of the mitotic spindle relative to an axis of polarity. Recent studies have illuminated an expanding list of spindle orientation regulators, and a molecular model for how cells couple cortical polarity with spindle positioning has begun to emerge. Here, we review both the well-established spindle orientation pathways and recently identified regulators, focusing on how communication between the cell cortex and the spindle is achieved, to provide a contemporary view of how positioning of the mitotic spindle occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Lu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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Kubota S, Fukumoto Y, Aoyama K, Ishibashi K, Yuki R, Morinaga T, Honda T, Yamaguchi N, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N. Phosphorylation of KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) at Tyr-449, Tyr-458, and Tyr-517 by nuclear tyrosine kinases inhibits the association of KAP1 and heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) with heterochromatin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17871-83. [PMID: 23645696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulates a wide range of cellular processes at the plasma membrane. Recently, we showed that nuclear tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (SFKs) induces chromatin structural changes. In this study, we identify KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1/TIF1β/TRIM28), a component of heterochromatin, as a nuclear tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. Tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 is induced by several tyrosine kinases, such as Src, Lyn, Abl, and Brk. Among SFKs, Src strongly induces tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1. Nucleus-targeted Lyn potentiates tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 compared with intact Lyn, but neither intact Fyn nor nucleus-targeted Fyn phosphorylates KAP1. Substitution of the three tyrosine residues Tyr-449/Tyr-458/Tyr-517, located close to the HP1 binding-motif, into phenylalanine ablates tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1. Immunostaining and chromatin fractionation show that Src and Lyn decrease the association of KAP1 with heterochromatin in a kinase activity-dependent manner. KAP1 knockdown impairs the association of HP1α with heterochromatin, because HP1α associates with KAP1 in heterochromatin. Intriguingly, tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 decreases the association of HP1α with heterochromatin, which is inhibited by replacement of endogenous KAP1 with its phenylalanine mutant (KAP1-Y449F/Y458F/Y517F, KAP1-3YF). In DNA damage, KAP1-3YF repressed transcription of p21. These results suggest that nucleus-localized tyrosine kinases, including SFKs, phosphorylate KAP1 at Tyr-449/Tyr-458/Tyr-517 and inhibit the association of KAP1 and HP1α with heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kubota
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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