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Liu Q, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Su F, Li J, Tian X, Liu W, Jiang X, Xu Y, Tao F. Paeoniflorigenone inhibits ovarian cancer metastasis through targeting the MUC1/Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:60. [PMID: 38785138 PMCID: PMC11188981 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Currently, chemoradiotherapy is the primary clinical treatment approach for OC; however, it has severe side effects and a high rate of recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop innovative therapeutic options. Paeoniflorigenone (PFG) is a monoterpene compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Paeoniae Radix Rubra. PFG can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells; however, its anticancer activity against OC has yet to be elucidated. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is highly expressed in various malignant tumors, and is associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, MUC1 affects numerous signaling pathways in tumor cells. In order to develop a possible treatment approach for metastatic OC, the antitumor activity of PFG in OC cells was investigated using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, Edu assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and western blot analysis. In addition, it was assessed how PFG affects MUC1 expression and function. The experiments revealed that PFG significantly inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. PFG also induced S‑phase cell cycle arrest in OC cells. Furthermore, PFG inhibited MUC1 promoter activity, which led to a decrease in MUC1 protein expression. By contrast, MUC1 promoted OC progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Stable knockdown of MUC1 in OC cells improved the ability of PFG to block the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway, and to limit tumor cell invasion and migration, whereas MUC1 overexpression partially counteracted the antitumor effects of PFG. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PFG may inhibit the MUC1/Wnt/β‑catenin pathway to induce anti‑metastatic, anti‑invasive and anti‑EMT effects on OC. Notably, MUC1 may be a direct target of PFG. Thus, PFG holds promise as a specific antitumor agent for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Yanagisawa N, Koide N, Fukai H, Koyama Y, Ogihara Y, Ohya M. Two cases of gastric cancer with elevated serum levels of KL-6. Surg Case Rep 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 38592620 PMCID: PMC11003941 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-024-01883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serum level of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (sKL-6) is a biomarker of interstitial pneumonia and has been reported to be elevated in patients with cancers. However, there have been few cases of gastric cancer (GC) with elevated sKL-6 that were treated by chemotherapy. We herein report two cases of GC with elevated sKL-6 that were treated with oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) chemotherapy and discussed the resulting changes in sKL-6. CASE PRESENTATION The first patient was a 79-year-old woman complaining of loss of appetite. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a type-3 tumor in the gastric antrum and biopsy specimens showed adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) showed multiple liver metastases. sKL-6 was elevated to 1,292 U/ml, but a CT revealed no obvious lesions of the lungs, including interstitial pneumonia. The tumor was diagnosed as GC with liver metastases and elevated sKL-6. Respiratory function data were normal. SOX therapy using oxaliplatin and S-1 was performed. After 3 courses of SOX therapy, CT showed reductions of the liver metastases as well as the primary tumor, and sKL-6 was decreased to 201 U/ml. After the 44 courses, sKL-6 was slightly elevated. Chest CT showed interstitial pneumonia and chemotherapy was stopped. The patient is still alive without any metastasis 72 months later. The second patient was a 69-year-old woman complaining of upper abdominal pain. EGD revealed a type-3 tumor in the gastric antrum showing adenocarcinoma with HER2-positive pathology. CT showed multiple node metastases around the abdominal aorta. sKL-6 was elevated to 2,239 U/ml, but a respiratory function test showed no abnormalities, and CT of the lungs showed no obvious lesions. The tumor was diagnosed as GC with distant node metastases and elevated sKL-6. The patient received SOX therapy combined with trastuzumab. After 6 courses, the size of the primary tumor and multiple node metastases were reduced, and sKL-6 was decreased to 284 U/ml. CONCLUSIONS These two cases suggest that sKL-6 may be important not only as an indicator of interstitial pneumonia in chemotherapeutic courses, but also as a tumor marker in GC patients with multiple metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoe Yanagisawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, 6613-4 Fukushima, Kiso, Nagano, 397-8555, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Koide
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, 6613-4 Fukushima, Kiso, Nagano, 397-8555, Japan
| | - Harunari Fukai
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, 6613-4 Fukushima, Kiso, Nagano, 397-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, 6613-4 Fukushima, Kiso, Nagano, 397-8555, Japan
| | - Yuu Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagano Prefectural Kiso Hospital, 6613-4 Fukushima, Kiso, Nagano, 397-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Ohya
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Wang J, Platz-Baudin E, Noetzel E, Offenhäusser A, Maybeck V. Expressing Optogenetic Actuators Fused to N-terminal Mucin Motifs Delivers Targets to Specific Subcellular Compartments in Polarized Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300428. [PMID: 38015104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics is a powerful approach in neuroscience research. However, other tissues of the body may benefit from controlled ion currents and neuroscience may benefit from more precise optogenetic expression. The present work constructs three subcellularly-targeted optogenetic actuators based on the channelrhodopsin ChR2-XXL, utilizing 5, 10, or 15 tandem repeats (TR) from mucin as N-terminal targeting motifs and evaluates expression in several polarized and non-polarized cell types. The modified channelrhodopsin maintains its electrophysiological properties, which can be used to produce continuous membrane depolarization, despite the expected size of the repeats. This work then shows that these actuators are subcellularly localized in polarized cells. In polarized epithelial cells, all three actuators localize to just the lateral membrane. The TR-tagged constructs also express subcellularly in cortical neurons, where TR5-ChR2XXL and TR10-ChR2XXL mainly target the somatodendrites. Moreover, the transfection efficiencies are shown to be dependent on cell type and tandem repeat length. Overall, this work verifies that the targeting motifs from epithelial cells can be used to localize optogenetic actuators in both epithelia and neurons, opening epithelia processes to optogenetic manipulation and providing new possibilities to target optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Platz-Baudin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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Park S, Choi S, Shimpi AA, Estroff LA, Fischbach C, Paszek MJ. COLLAGEN MINERALIZATION DECREASES NK CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY OF BREAST CANCER CELLS VIA INCREASED GLYCOCALYX THICKNESS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576377. [PMID: 38328161 PMCID: PMC10849468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in patients with advanced breast cancer, and often caused by immune evasion of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In the skeleton, tumor cells not only disseminate to the bone marrow, but also to osteogenic niches in which they interact with newly mineralizing bone extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains unclear how mineralization of collagen type I, the primary component of bone ECM, regulates tumor-immune cell interactions. Here, we have utilized a combination of synthetic bone matrix models with controlled mineral content, nanoscale optical imaging, and flow cytometry to evaluate how collagen type I mineralization affects the biochemical and biophysical properties of the tumor cell glycocalyx, a dense layer of glycosylated proteins and lipids decorating their cell surface. Our results suggest that collagen mineralization upregulates mucin-type O-glycosylation and sialylation by tumor cells, which increased their glycocalyx thickness while enhancing resistance to attack by Natural Killer (NK) cells. These changes were functionally linked as treatment with a sialylation inhibitor decreased mineralization-dependent glycocalyx thickness and made tumor cells more susceptible to NK cell attack. Together, our results suggest that interference with glycocalyx sialylation may represent a therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapies targeting bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Peixoto PM, Bromfield JJ, Ribeiro ES, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW, Bisinotto RS. Transcriptome changes associated with elongation of bovine conceptuses I: Differentially expressed transcripts in the conceptus on day 17 after insemination. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9745-9762. [PMID: 37641295 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize transcriptome changes associated with elongation in bovine conceptuses during preimplantation stages. Nonlactating Holstein cows were euthanized 17 d after artificial insemination (AI) and the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL was flushed with saline solution. Recovered conceptuses were classified as small (1.2 to 6.9 cm; n = 9), medium (10.5 to 16.0 cm; n = 9), or large (18.0 to 26.4 cm; n = 10). Total mRNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptome analyses using the Affymetrix Gene Chip Bovine array. Data were normalized using the GCRMA method and analyzed by robust regression using the Linear Models for Microarray library within Bioconductor in R. Transcripts with P ≤ 0.05 after adjustment for false discovery rate and fold change ≥1.5 were considered differentially expressed. Functional analyses were conducted using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis platform. Comparisons between large versus small (LvsS), large versus medium (LvsM), and medium versus small (MvsS) conceptuses yielded a total of 634, 240, and 63 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. Top canonical pathways of known involvement with embryo growth that were upregulated in large conceptuses included actin cytoskeleton (LvsS), integrin signaling (LvsS and LvsM), ephrin receptor (LvsS), mesenchymal transition by growth factor (LvsM), and regulation of calpain protease (LvsS). Transcripts involved with lipid metabolism pathways (LXR/RXR, FXR/RXR, hepatic fibrosis) were associated with the LvsS and LvsM, and some transcripts such as APOC2, APOH, APOM, RARA, RBP4, and PPARGC1A, were involved in these pathways. An overall network summary associated biological downstream effects of invasion of cells, proliferation of embryonic cells, and inhibition of organismal death in the LvsS. In conclusion, differently expressed transcripts in the LvsS comparison were associated with the cell growth, adhesion, and organismal development, although part of these findings could be attributed to differences in circulatory concentrations of progesterone of the cows that bore large and small conceptuses. The large and medium conceptuses developed under similar concentrations of progesterone and presented 240 differently expressed transcripts, associated with cell differentiation, metabolite regulation, and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Peixoto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Gollapudi S, Jamal S, Kamatar A, Yuan F, Wang L, Lafer EM, Belardi B, Stachowiak JC. Steric pressure between glycosylated transmembrane proteins inhibits internalization by endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215815120. [PMID: 37023126 PMCID: PMC10104535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215815120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the removal of transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane in all eukaryotic cells. Many transmembrane proteins are glycosylated. These proteins collectively comprise the glycocalyx, a sugar-rich layer at the cell surface, which is responsible for intercellular adhesion and recognition. Previous work has suggested that glycosylation of transmembrane proteins reduces their removal from the plasma membrane by endocytosis. However, the mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. To study the impact of glycosylation on endocytosis, we replaced the ectodomain of the transferrin receptor, a well-studied transmembrane protein that undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with the ectodomain of MUC1, which is highly glycosylated. When we expressed this transmembrane fusion protein in mammalian epithelial cells, we found that its recruitment to endocytic structures was substantially reduced in comparison to a version of the protein that lacked the MUC1 ectodomain. This reduction could not be explained by a loss of mobility on the cell surface or changes in endocytic dynamics. Instead, we found that the bulky MUC1 ectodomain presented a steric barrier to endocytosis. Specifically, the peptide backbone of the ectodomain and its glycosylation each made steric contributions, which drove comparable reductions in endocytosis. These results suggest that glycosylation constitutes a biophysical signal for retention of transmembrane proteins at the plasma membrane. This mechanism could be modulated in multiple disease states that exploit the glycocalyx, from cancer to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Gollapudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Sabah Jamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Advika Kamatar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Eileen M. Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Melnik D, Cortés-Sánchez JL, Sandt V, Kahlert S, Kopp S, Grimm D, Krüger M. Dexamethasone Selectively Inhibits Detachment of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Cells during Random Positioning. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061641. [PMID: 36980530 PMCID: PMC10046141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) is able to suppress metastasis-like spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells cultured under random positioning. We now show that this inhibition was selective for two metastatic thyroid carcinoma cells, FTC-133 and WRO, whereas benign Nthy-ori 3-1 thyrocytes and recurrent ML-1 follicular thyroid cancer cells were not affected by DEX. We then compare Nthy-ori 3-1 and FTC-133 cells concerning their adhesion and mechanosignaling. We demonstrate that DEX disrupts random positioning-triggered p38 stress signaling in FTC-133 cells, thereby antagonizing a variety of biological functions. Thus, DEX treatment of FTC-133 cells is associated with increased adhesiveness, which is mainly caused by the restored, pronounced formation of a normal number of tight junctions. Moreover, we show that Nthy-ori 3-1 and ML-1 cells upregulate the anti-adhesion protein mucin-1 during random positioning, presumably as a protection against mechanical stress. In summary, mechanical stress seems to be an important component in this metastasis model system that is processed differently by metastatic and healthy cells. The balance between adhesion, anti-adhesion and cell–cell connections enables detachment of adherent human cells on the random positioning machine—or not, allowing selective inhibition of thyroid in vitro metastasis by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viviann Sandt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6757471
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Buyuk M, Ozluk Y, Vurallı Bakkaloglu D, Ozkan B, Fırat P, Yılmazbayhan D. Evaluation of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 Expression Differences in Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes by Using a Final Immunoreactivity Score (FIRS). Turk Patoloji Derg 2023; 39:64-74. [PMID: 36367122 PMCID: PMC10518128 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2022.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung adenocarcinomas are divided into acinar, lepidic, papillary, micropapillary, and solid predominant subtypes according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We designed this retrospective study to demonstrate profiles of MUC expression (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) of different histologic patterns within the same tumor among pulmonary adenocarcinomas and investigate correlations of MUC expression with clinicopathologic features. MATERIAL AND METHOD We analyzed the expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in a series of 99 resected lung adenocarcinomas, which included a total of 193 patterns (71 acinar, 30 lepidic, 25 papillary, 20 micropapillary, 34 solid and 13 mucinous) and calculated a final immune reactivity score (FIRS) per tumor. RESULTS MUC1 IRS scores were significantly higher in lepidic and solid patterns compared with mucinous patterns (p=0.013). MUC2 expression was seen only in three cases (1 acinar, 2 mucinous). MUC5AC and MUC2 expression was more common in mucinous patterns (p < 0.001 and p=0.028, respectively). MUC6 expression was only detected in seven patterns and the expression was weak. No significant difference was seen among histologic patterns for the staining scores of MUC6. Mucinous adenocarcinoma differed from other histologic subtypes regarding MUC1 and MUC5AC expression. Mucinous adenocarcinoma showed less MUC1 expression with lower IRS scores and higher MUC5AC expression. Tumor size (p=0.006), lymphatic invasion (p=0.018), vascular invasion (p=0.025), perineural invasion (p=0.019), MUC1 IRS scores (p=0.018), and MUC1 IRS scores > 8.5 (p=0.018) were significant predictors for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION An alternative scoring for MUC1 can be used as a predictor for lymph node metastasis regardless of the histologic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Buyuk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dogu Vurallı Bakkaloglu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berker Ozkan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Fırat
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yılmazbayhan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Protein Glycosylation as Biomarkers in Gynecologic Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123177. [PMID: 36553184 PMCID: PMC9777642 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are the leading cause of death in women. Endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer are the three main types of gynecologic cancers. Poor prognoses and high mortality rates of advanced-stage cancer are still challenges of all three types. Diagnostic tools for early cancer detection could be the cornerstone for further cancer treatment and prevention. Glycosylation plays a vital role in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and angiogenesis, and is aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Alterations of glycosylation may represent promising biomarkers with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications, as well as disease prognosis. Many glycosylated biomarkers, including glycoprotein, glycan, and enzyme, were discovered and well-studied for application in gynecologic cancers. Some of them have been developed as targets for cancer treatment. The use of certain biomarkers for diagnostics and monitoring of gynecologic cancers has clinical advantages, as it is quantitative, comparable, convenient, and inexpensive. However, one of the single markers have sufficient sensitivity for the screening of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we introduced the details of glycosylation and the current application of glycosylated biomarkers in these three cancers. Moreover, we also reviewed the different roles of each biomarker in other cancers and aimed to understand these glycosylated biomarkers comprehensively.
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Lausecker F, Lennon R, Randles MJ. The kidney matrisome in health, aging, and disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1000-1012. [PMID: 35870643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated extracellular matrix is the hallmark of fibrosis, and it has a profound impact on kidney function in disease. Furthermore, perturbation of matrix homeostasis is a feature of aging and is associated with declining kidney function. Understanding these dynamic processes, in the hope of developing therapies to combat matrix dysregulation, requires the integration of data acquired by both well-established and novel technologies. Owing to its complexity, the extracellular proteome, or matrisome, still holds many secrets and has great potential for the identification of clinical biomarkers and drug targets. The molecular resolution of matrix composition during aging and disease has been illuminated by cutting-edge mass spectrometry-based proteomics in recent years, but there remain key questions about the mechanisms that drive altered matrix composition. Basement membrane components are particularly important in the context of kidney function; and data from proteomic studies suggest that switches between basement membrane and interstitial matrix proteins are likely to contribute to organ dysfunction during aging and disease. Understanding the impact of such changes on physical properties of the matrix, and the subsequent cellular response to altered stiffness and viscoelasticity, is of critical importance. Likewise, the comparison of proteomic data sets from multiple organs is required to identify common matrix biomarkers and shared pathways for therapeutic intervention. Coupled with single-cell transcriptomics, there is the potential to identify the cellular origin of matrix changes, which could enable cell-targeted therapy. This review provides a contemporary perspective of the complex kidney matrisome and draws comparison to altered matrix in heart and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Randles
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
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11
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Oruc A, Simsek G. A Pathophysiological Approach To Current Biomarkers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are necessary for screening and diagnosing numerous diseases,
predicting the prognosis of patients, and following-up treatment and the course of the
patient. Everyday new biomarkers are being used in clinics for these purposes. This
section will discuss the physiological roles of the various current biomarkers in a
healthy person and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the release of these
biomarkers. This chapter aims to gain a new perspective for evaluating and interpreting
the most current biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Lu CH, Pedram K, Tsai CT, Jones T, Li X, Nakamoto ML, Bertozzi CR, Cui B. Membrane curvature regulates the spatial distribution of bulky glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3093. [PMID: 35654773 PMCID: PMC9163104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a shell of heavily glycosylated proteins and lipids distributed on the cell surface of nearly all cell types. Recently, it has been found that bulky transmembrane glycoproteins such as MUC1 can modulate membrane shape by inducing membrane protrusions. In this work, we examine the reciprocal relationship of how membrane shape affects MUC1's spatial distribution on the cell membrane and its biological significance. By employing nanopatterned surfaces and membrane-sculpting proteins to manipulate membrane curvature, we show that MUC1 avoids positively-curved membranes (membrane invaginations) and accumulates on negatively-curved membranes (membrane protrusions). MUC1's curvature sensitivity is dependent on the length and the extent of glycosylation of its ectodomain, with large and highly glycosylated forms preferentially staying out of positive curvature. Interestingly, MUC1's avoidance of positive membrane curvature enables it to escape from endocytosis and being removed from the cell membrane. These findings also suggest that the truncation of MUC1's ectodomain, often observed in breast and ovarian cancers, may enhance its endocytosis and potentiate its intracellular accumulation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Lu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.443970.dPresent Address: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Taylor Jones
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Xiao Li
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Present Address: School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Melissa L. Nakamoto
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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13
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Twenty-Year Survival of Patients Operated on for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Impact of Tumor Stage and Patient-Related Parameters. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040874. [PMID: 35205621 PMCID: PMC8870355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the mainstay treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its impact on very-long-term survival (beyond 15 years) has never been evaluated. METHODS All patients operated on for major lung resection (Jun. 2001-Dec. 2002) for NSCL in the Thoracic Surgery Department at Paris-Hôtel-Dieu-University-Hospital were included. Patients' characteristics were prospectively collected. Vital status was obtained by checking INSEE database and verifying if reported as "non-death" by the hospital administrative database and direct phone interviews with patients of families. RESULTS 345 patients were included. The 15- and 20-year survival rates were 12.2% and 5.7%, respectively. At univariate analysis, predictors of worse survivals were: increasing age at surgery (p = 0.0042), lower BMI (p = 0.009), weight loss (p = 0.0034), higher CRP (p = 0.049), pathological stage (p = 0.00000042), and, among patients with adenocarcinoma, higher grade (p = 0.028). Increasing age (p = 0.004), cumulative smoking (p = 0.045), lower BMI (0.046) and pathological stage (p = 0.0026), were independent predictors of long-term survival at Cox multivariate analysis. In another model, increasing age (p = 0.013), lower BMI (p = 0.02), chronic bronchitis (p = 0.03), lower FEV1% (p = 0.00019), higher GOLD class of COPD (p = 0.0079), and pathological stage (p = 0.000024), were identified as independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Very-long-term survivals could be achieved after surgery of NSCLC, and factors classically predicting 5- and 10-years survival also determined longer outcomes suggesting that both initial tumor aggressiveness and host's characteristics act beyond the period usually taken into account in oncology.
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14
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Dirandeh E, Ansari-Pirsaraei Z, Thatcher W. Melatonin as a Smart Protector of Pregnancy in Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:292. [PMID: 35204175 PMCID: PMC8868556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental objective was to examine the role of melatonin and its pathways in the maintenance of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 16 and 32 after timed AI from cows (n = 200) in order to consider plasma melatonin concentrations and to conduct AOPP (advanced oxidation products of proteins) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) tests. Luminal endometrial cells were collected at day 16 using a Cytobrush in all cows to determine mRNA expressions of melatonin receptor 1 (MT1), mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), MDM2 binding protein (MTBP), BCL2-associated X, apoptosis Regulator (BAX), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA, gene symbol BBC3), mucin 1 (MUC1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Plasma concentrations of melatonin were significantly greater in pregnant cows diagnosed pregnant at day 16 who sustained pregnancy to day 32 compared to nonpregnant cows at day 16, or pregnant at day 16 and who lost embryos by days 32. Concentrations of AOPP and TBARS were greater in nonpregnant cows at day 16 or pregnant at day 16 and who lost embryos by days 32 compared to those diagnosed pregnant at day 16 and who sustained pregnancy to day 32. In pregnant cows, endometrial mRNA expressions of MDM2, MTBP, MTR1 and LIF were higher compared to pregnant-embryo-loss cows (p < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA expressions of BBC3 and MUC1 were greater at day 16 in pregnant-embryo-loss cows compared to pregnant cows (p < 0.05). In conclusion, melatonin status is a modulator of embryo well-being and maintenance of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Dirandeh
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran 578, Iran;
| | - Zarbakht Ansari-Pirsaraei
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran 578, Iran;
| | - William Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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15
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Medvedev KE, Pei J, Grishin NV. DisEnrich: database of enriched regions in human dark proteome. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1870-1876. [PMID: 35094056 PMCID: PMC8963327 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in numerous processes crucial for living organisms. Bias in amino acid composition of these proteins determines their unique biophysical and functional features. Distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with compositional bias play different important roles in various biological processes. IDRs enriched in particular amino acids in human proteome have not been described consistently. RESULTS We developed DisEnrich-the database of human proteome IDRs that are significantly enriched in particular amino acids. Each human protein is described using Gene Ontology (GO) function terms, disorder prediction for the full-length sequence using three methods, enriched IDR composition and ranks of human proteins with similar enriched IDRs. Distribution analysis of enriched IDRs among broad functional categories revealed significant overrepresentation of R- and Y-enriched IDRs in metabolic and enzymatic activities and F-enriched IDRs in transport. About 75% of functional categories contain IDPs with IDRs significantly enriched in hydrophobic residues that are important for protein-protein interactions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The database is available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/DisEnrichDB/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimin Pei
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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16
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Kumar AR, Devan AR, Nair B, Nair RR, Nath LR. Biology, Significance and Immune Signaling of Mucin 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:725-740. [PMID: 35301949 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220317090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC 1) is a highly glycosylated tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This protein plays a critical role in various immune-mediated signaling pathways at its transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, leading to immune evasion and metastasis in HCC. HCC cells maintain an immune-suppressive environment with the help of immunesuppressive tumor-associated antigens, resulting in a metastatic spread of the disease. The development of intense immunotherapeutic strategies to target tumor-associated antigen is critical to overcoming the progression of HCC. MUC 1 remains the most recognized tumor-associated antigen since its discovery over 30 years ago. A few promising immunotherapies targeting MUC 1 are currently under clinical trials, including CAR-T and CAR-pNK-mediated therapies. This review highlights the biosynthesis, significance, and clinical implication of MUC 1 as an immune target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | | | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
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17
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Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Gabba A, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Besenius P. The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation-Dependent Immune Response. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3313-3331. [PMID: 34812564 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Stergiou
- Radionuclide Center, Radiology and Nuclear medicine Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085c, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Youssef A, Haskali MB, Gorringe KL. The Protein Landscape of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Theranostic. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5596. [PMID: 34830751 PMCID: PMC8616050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOC is a rare histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer, and current management options are inadequate for the treatment of late stage or recurrent disease. A shift towards personalised medicines in ovarian cancer is being observed, with trials targeting specific molecular pathways, however, MOC lags due to its rarity. Theranostics is a rapidly evolving category of personalised medicine, encompassing both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach by recognising targets that are expressed highly in tumour tissue in order to deliver a therapeutic payload. The present review evaluates the protein landscape of MOC in recent immunohistochemical- and proteomic-based research, aiming to identify potential candidates for theranostic application. Fourteen proteins were selected based on cell membrane localisation: HER2, EGFR, FOLR1, RAC1, GPR158, CEACAM6, MUC16, PD-L1, NHE1, CEACAM5, MUC1, ACE2, GP2, and PTPRH. Optimal proteins to target using theranostic agents must exhibit high membrane expression on cancerous tissue with low expression on healthy tissue to afford improved disease outcomes with minimal off-target effects and toxicities. We provide guidelines to consider in the selection of a theranostic target for MOC and suggest future directions in evaluating the results of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkan Youssef
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie L. Gorringe
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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19
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Khodabakhsh F, Merikhian P, Eisavand MR, Farahmand L. Crosstalk between MUC1 and VEGF in angiogenesis and metastasis: a review highlighting roles of the MUC1 with an emphasis on metastatic and angiogenic signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33836774 PMCID: PMC8033681 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF and its receptor family (VEGFR) members have unique signaling transduction system that play significant roles in most pathological processes, such as angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis. VEGF-VEGFR complex is a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells and any de-regulation of the angiogenic balance implicates directly in endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, it has been shown that overexpressing Mucin 1 (MUC1) on the surface of many tumor cells resulting in upregulation of numerous signaling transduction cascades, such as growth and survival signaling pathways related to RTKs, loss of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and EMT. It promotes gene transcription of pro-angiogenic proteins such as HIF-1α during periods of oxygen scarcity (hypoxia) to enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis stimulation. In contrast, the cytoplasmic domain of MUC1 (MUC1-C) inhibits apoptosis, which in turn, impresses upon cell fate. Besides, it has been established that reduction in VEGF expression level correlated with silencing MUC1-C level indicating the anti-angiogenic effect of MUC1 downregulation. This review enumerates the role of MUC1-C oncoprotein and VEGF in angiogenesis and metastasis and describes several signaling pathways by which MUC1-C would mediate the pro-angiogenic activities of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Merikhian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, No. 146, South Gandhi Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eisavand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, No. 146, South Gandhi Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, No. 146, South Gandhi Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Abstract
At the intestinal host-microbe interface, the transmembrane mucin MUC1 can function as a physical barrier as well as a receptor for bacteria. MUC1 also influences epithelial cell morphology and receptor function. Various bacterial pathogens can exploit integrins to infect eukaryotic cells. It is yet unclear whether MUC1 influences the interaction of bacteria with integrins. We used Escherichia coli expressing the invasin (inv) protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (E. coli inv) to assess the effects of MUC1 on β1 integrin (ITGB1)-mediated bacterial invasion. Our results show that expression of full-length MUC1 does not yield a physical barrier but slightly enhances E. coli inv uptake. Enzymatic removal of the MUC1 extracellular domain (ED) using a secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor (StcE) of pathogenic Escherichia coli had no additional effect on E. coli inv invasion. In contrast, expression of a truncated MUC1 that lacks the cytoplasmic tail (CT) reduced bacterial entry substantially. Substitution of tyrosine residues in the MUC1 CT also reduced bacterial uptake, while deletion of the C-terminal half of the cytoplasmic tail only had a minor effect, pointing to a regulatory role of tyrosine phosphorylation and the N-terminal region of the MUC1 CT in integrin-mediated uptake process. Unexpectedly, StcE removal of the ED in MUC1-ΔCT cells reversed the block in bacterial invasion. Together, these findings indicate that MUC1 can facilitate β1-integrin-mediated bacterial invasion by a concerted action of the large glycosylated extracellular domain and the membrane-juxtaposed cytoplasmic tail region.IMPORTANCE Bacteria can exploit membrane receptor integrins for cellular invasion, either by direct binding of bacterial adhesins or utilizing extracellular matrix components. MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by most epithelial cells that can have direct defensive or receptor functions at the host-microbe interface and is involved in facilitating integrin clustering. We investigated the role of epithelial MUC1 on β1 integrin-mediated bacterial invasion. We discovered that MUC1 does not act as a barrier but facilitates bacterial entry through β1 integrins. This process involves a concerted action of the MUC1 O-glycosylated extracellular domain and cytoplasmic tail. Our findings add a new dimension to the complexity of bacterial invasion mechanisms and provide novel insights into the distinct functions of MUC1 domains at the host-microbe interface.
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21
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Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. The role of mucin 1 in respiratory diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200149. [PMID: 33536260 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0149-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that mucin 1 (MUC1) is involved in many pathological processes that occur in the lung. MUC1 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed by epithelial and hematopoietic cells. It has a receptor-like structure, which can sense the external environment and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways through its cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain of MUC1 can be released to the external environment, thus acting as a decoy barrier to mucosal pathogens, as well as serving as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases. Furthermore, bioactivated MUC1-cytoplasmic tail (CT) has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory molecule in several airway infections and mediates the expression of anti-inflammatory genes in lung diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma. Bioactivated MUC1-CT has also been reported to interact with several effectors linked to cellular transformation, contributing to the progression of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of MUC1 as a promising biomarker and drug target for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA .,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Pharmacology Dept, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Research and teaching Unit, Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Dept of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Ratan C, Cicily K D D, Nair B, Nath LR. MUC Glycoproteins: Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:132-152. [PMID: 33200711 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MUC proteins have great significance as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in most cancers of glandular epithelial origin. These are high molecular weight glycosylated proteins located in the epithelial lining of several tissues and ducts. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Glycosylation, a post-translational modification affects the biophysical, functional and biochemical properties and provides structural complexity for these proteins. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins contribute to tumour survival and proliferation in many cancers, which in turn activates numerous signalling pathways such as NF-kB, ERα, HIF, MAPK, p53, c-Src, Wnt and JAK-STAT, etc. This subsequently induces cancer cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. The present review mainly demonstrates the functional aspects of MUC glycoproteins along with its unique signalling mechanism and role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer progression and therapeutics. The importance of MUC proteins and its subtypes in a wide spectrum of cancers including but not limited to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial and cervical cancer, lung cancer, primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer has been exemplified with significance in targeting the same. Several patents associated with the MUC proteins in the field of cancer therapy are also emphasized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameli Ratan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Dalia Cicily K D
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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Kasimanickam RK, Kasimanickam VR. IFNT, ISGs, PPARs, RXRs and MUC1 in day 16 embryo and endometrium of repeat-breeder cows, with or without subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2020; 158:39-49. [PMID: 32927199 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-τ (IFNT), IFN stimulated genes (ISG15, CTSL1, RSAD2, SLC2A1, CXCL10, and SLC27A6), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARA, D, and G), Retinoic acid receptors (RXRA, B, and G), and Mucin-1 (MUC1) play decisive roles in embryo elongation. The objective was to elucidate expressions of these genes in day 16 embryo [tubular (n = 4) vs. filamentous (n = 4)] and corresponding endometrium [without (n = 4) vs. with subclinical endometritis (SCE; n = 4)] of repeat breeder Holstein cows (2 × 2 factorial design). Results showed that the mRNA abundances (except PPARA and RXRB) were greater (P < 0.05) in filamentous embryo and endometrium without SCE compared with tubular embryo and endometrium with SCE, respectively. Overall, the mRNA abundances (except RSAD2, PPARA and RXRA) in filamentous embryo and corresponding endometrium of cows without SCE were greater (P < 0.05) than tubular embryo and corresponding endometrium of cows with SCE. Proteins IFNT, ISGs, PPARs and RXRs (except RXRB) were greater (P < 0.05) and protein MUC1 was lower (P < 0.01) in filamentous embryo and corresponding endometrium of cows without SCE compared to tubular embryo and corresponding endometrium of cows with SCE. On pairwise comparison, mRNA and protein abundances of MUC1 significantly differed between tubular embryo in uterus with or without SCE, and corresponding endometrium with or without SCE (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mRNA and protein abundances of IFNT, ISG15, CXCL10, PPARG and MUC1 differed among filamentous and tubular conceptuses, and endometrium with or without SCE of repeat breeder cows on Day 16, indicating that these genes and their downstream signaling cascades play important roles in embryo elongation. Perhaps, interruptions in cross-talk between endometrium and conceptus impaired conceptus elongation in repeat breeder cows with SCE. In addition to disrupted signaling, the tubular conceptus (compared to filamentous conceptus) was unable to downregulate MUC1 (anti-adhesive glycocalyx) in repeat breeder cows with or without SCE, resulting in early embryonic demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - V R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Involvement of Annexin A2 Expression and Apoptosis in Reverse Polarization of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast. Case Rep Pathol 2020; 2020:9242305. [PMID: 32695546 PMCID: PMC7368959 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9242305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is characterized by pseudopapillary tumor-cell clusters with a reverse polarity (RP) floating in lacunar spaces, with aggressive biological characteristics. The RP prevention is considered to inhibit IMPC, but its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Annexin A2 (ANX A2), a cell-polarity protein, is known to be involved in lumenogenesis. ANX A2 expression is immunohistochemically examined, as well as both epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and mucin-1 glycoprotein (MUC-1), the gold-standard markers for luminal differentiation, in the background tumor components of a case of IMPC. The following findings were noticed: (1) Apoptosis was scattered with peripheral apoptotic vacuolar change; (2) EMA and MUC-1 expressions were found, rimming the peripheral apoptotic vacuoles (including the contact surface with neighboring tumor cells), and these positions corresponded to the ones with a distinct ANX A2 positivity; and (3) partially detached tumor cells showed distinct positivity of three proteins at the stroma-facing surface, which is consistent with a RP. Taken together, frequent apoptosis in tumor cells with membranous accumulation of ANX A2 is considered to be indispensable for the reverse polarization of IMPC, and that secondary necrosis following apoptosis induces the cell-polarity disorder and creates detached tumor cells with a RP.
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Carmicheal J, Atri P, Sharma S, Kumar S, Chirravuri Venkata R, Kulkarni P, Salgia R, Ghersi D, Kaur S, Batra SK. Presence and structure-activity relationship of intrinsically disordered regions across mucins. FASEB J 2020; 34:1939-1957. [PMID: 31908009 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901898rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many members of the mucin family are evolutionarily conserved and are often aberrantly expressed and glycosylated in various benign and malignant pathologies leading to tumor invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion. The large size and extensive glycosylation present challenges to study the mucin structure using traditional methods, including crystallography. We offer the hypothesis that the functional versatility of mucins may be attributed to the presence of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that provide dynamism and flexibility and that the IDRs offer potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we examined the links between the mucin structure and function based on IDRs, posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and potential impact on their interactome. Using sequence-based bioinformatics tools, we observed that mucins are predicted to be moderately (20%-40%) to highly (>40%) disordered and many conserved mucin domains could be disordered. Phosphorylation sites overlap with IDRs throughout the mucin sequences. Additionally, the majority of predicted O- and N- glycosylation sites in the tandem repeat regions occur within IDRs and these IDRs contain a large number of functional motifs, that is, molecular recognition features (MoRFs), which directly influence protein-protein interactions (PPIs). This investigation provides a novel perspective and offers an insight into the complexity and dynamic nature of mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Dario Ghersi
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Kasimanickam R, Kasimanickam V, Grende K. Endometrial expression of various genes (ISGs, PPARs, RXRs and MUC1) on day 16 post-ovulation in repeat breeder cows, with or without subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2019; 142:251-259. [PMID: 31711690 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to elucidate differences in endometrial mRNA expressions of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, CTSL1, RSAD2, SLC2A1, CXCL10, and SLC27A6), peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG), retinoic acid receptors (RXRA, RXRB, and RXRG), and mucin 1 (MUC1) in repeat breeder cows, with or without subclinical endometritis (RB + SE and RB, respectively) and normal cows on day 16 post-ovulation (n = 4 cows per group). The CXCL10 and SLC27A6 mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB and RB + SE cows (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) whereas ISG15 and SLC2A1 mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB + SE (P < 0.05). The SLC27A6 mRNA abundances were greater for RB versus RB + SE (P < 0.01). Similarly, PPARD, PPARG, RXRA and RXRG mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB and RB + SE (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Abundances of PPARD, PPARG, RXRA and RXRG mRNA were greater for RB versus RB + SE (P < 0.05) and MUC1 was lower in abundance in normal cows compared to RB or RB + SE (P < 0.05). Key predicted molecular functions were binding, signal transducer and transporter; key biological processes were cellular, localization and metabolic; key cellular components were cell part, membrane and organelle components; and key protein classes were nucleic acid binding, receptor, and transcription factors. Gene networking analysis highlighted interactions and pathways involving PAPRs, RXRs, and MUC1, notably among PPARD, PPARG, and MUC1. In conclusion, endometrial mRNA expressions of ISGs (CXCL10 and SLC27A6), PPAR isomers (PPARD and PPARG), and RXRs (RXRA and RXRG) were in lower abundances, whereas MUC1 expression was more abundant in RB or RB + SE compared to normal cows on day 16. In addition, ISG15 and SLC2A1 genes were less abundant in RB + SE versus RB or normal cows. Altered expression of these uterine genes and associated potential impairment in embryo elongation and implantation may promote embryonic loss in repeat breeder cows. Furthermore, interactions among PPARD, PPARG and MUC1 may be therapeutically exploitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - V Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - K Grende
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Syrkina MS, Vassetzky YS, Rubtsov MA. MUC1 Story: Great Expectations, Disappointments and the Renaissance. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:554-563. [PMID: 28820070 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170817151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of studying human mucin MUC1, the attitude towards this molecule has been changing time and again. Initially, the list of presumable functions of MUC1 was restricted to protecting and lubricating epithelium. To date, it is assumed to play an important role in cell signaling as well as in all stages of oncogenesis, from malignant cell transformation to tumor dissemination. The story of MUC1 is full of hopes and disappointments. However, the scientific interest to MUC1 has never waned, and the more profoundly it has been investigated, the clearer its hidden potential turned to be disclosed. The therapeutic potential of mucin MUC1 has already been noted by various scientific groups at the early stages of research. Over forty years ago, the first insights into MUC1 functions became a strong ground for considering this molecule as potential target for anticancer therapy. Therefore, this direction of research has always been of particular interest and practical importance. More than 200 papers on MUC1 were published in 2016; the majority of them are dedicated to MUC1-related anticancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we review the history of MUC1 studies from the very first attempts to reveal its functions to the ongoing renaissance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Syrkina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,LIA LFR2O (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- LIA LFR2O (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russian Federation.,UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,LIA LFR2O (LIA French-Russian Cancer Research laboratory) Villejuif, France - Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biochemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Shurer CR, Head SE, Goudge MC, Paszek MJ. Mucin-coating technologies for protection and reduced aggregation of cellular production systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:994-1005. [PMID: 30636317 PMCID: PMC6763341 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of host-cell production systems with improved yield and production reliability is desired to meet the increasing demand for biologics with complex posttranslational modifications. Aggregation of suspension-adapted mammalian cells remains a significant problem that can limit the cellular density and per volume yield of bioreactors. Here, we propose a genetically encoded technology that directs the synthesis of antiadhesive and protective coatings on the cellular surface. Inspired by the natural ability of mucin glycoproteins to resist cellular adhesion and hydrate and protect cell and tissue surfaces, we genetically encode new cell-surface coatings through the fusion of engineered mucin domains to synthetic transmembrane anchors. Combined with appropriate expression systems, the mucin-coating technology directs the assembly of thick, highly hydrated barriers to strongly mitigate cell aggregation and protect cells in suspension against fluid shear stresses. The coating technology is demonstrated on suspension-adapted human 293-F cells, which resist clumping even in media formulations that otherwise would induce extreme cell aggregation and show improved performance over a commercially available anticlumping agent. The stable biopolymer coatings do not show deleterious effects on cell proliferation rate, efficiency of transient transfection with complementary DNAs, or recombinant protein expression. Overall, our mucin-coating technology and engineered cell lines have the potential to improve the single-cell growth and viability of suspended cells in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R. Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shelby E. Head
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marc C. Goudge
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Adnane M, Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) - an accessible source of immunologically informative biomolecules. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:255-263. [PMID: 30117040 PMCID: PMC6244541 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance. Predominantly composed of water and mucins, CVM also contains high levels of immuno-active proteins such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and lysozyme which protect against infection by blocking adhesion and mediating microbial killing. The repertoire of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides is predominantly generated by the secretions of endometrial epithelial cells into the uterine lumen and concentrated in the CVM. The quantity and relative proportions of these inflammatory biomarkers are affected by diverse factors including the estrus cycle and health status of the animal and therefore potentially provide important diagnostic and prognostic indicators. We propose that measuring molecular signatures in bovine CVM could be a useful approach to identifying and monitoring genital tract pathologies in beef and dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Adnane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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30
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Overexpression of MUC1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:801-810. [PMID: 30483806 PMCID: PMC6313072 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females; thus, there is an urgent requirement to identify precise biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to be involved in the metastasis and invasion of multiple tumor types. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to indicate the prognostic value of MUC1 in breast cancer. Additionally, the expression level of MUC1 was assessed using Oncomine analysis. Furthermore, PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of MUC1 in breast cancer. Mutations of MUC1 were analyzed by the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and cBioPortal databases. In addition, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) was used to examine the methylation status of MUC1. Co-expression of MUC1 mRNA was detected with the cBioPortal, UCSC and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.0 datasets. The results demonstrated that MCU1 is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and is negatively associated with CpG sites. Furthermore, pooled data indicated that abnormally high expression of MUC1 indicates poor prognosis. Additionally, upregulation of MUC1 expression is associated with estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-positive disease, aging and increased Scarff, Bloom and Richardson grade, but is not associated with triple-negative and basal-like status. Subsequent data mining across multiple large databases demonstrated a positive association between MUC1 mRNA expression and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like 4 (CREB3L4) in breast cancer tissues. The present data indicated that the overexpression of MUC1 indicates a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer and is associated with MUC1 promoter methylation status. Additionally, MUC1 positively correlated with CREB3L4 and may serve as a potential prognostic factor and therapy target for breast cancer.
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31
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Sun X, Qu T, He X, Yang X, Guo N, Mao Y, Xu X, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang W. Screening of differentially expressed proteins from syncytiotrophoblast for severe early-onset preeclampsia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:437. [PMID: 30404616 PMCID: PMC6223002 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-2066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia (PE). The possible reason is the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by GDM that leads to dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis, resulting in the onset of PE. However, studies focusing on the pathogenesis of PE in syncytiotrophoblast of GDM patients are lacking. This study aimed to compare differentially expressed proteins from syncytiotrophoblast between women with GDM and women with GDM with subsequently developed PE. METHODS Syncytiotrophoblast samples were obtained from pregnant women immediately after delivery. To explore the protein expression changes of syncytiotrophoblast that might explain the pathogenesis of PE in women with GDM, quantitative proteomics was performed using tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric tags and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to enrich the biological processes that these differentially expressed proteins were involved in. RESULTS A total of 28,234 unique peptides and 4140 proteins were identified in all samples. Among them, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified between patients with GDM and patients with GDM with subsequently developed PE. Therein, 11 proteins were upregulated and 12 proteins were downregulated. Two relative proteins (FLT1 and PABPC4) were independently verified using immunoblotting analysis. Bioinformatic results indicated that the onset of PE in patients with GDM is a multifactorial disorder, involving factors such as apoptosis, transcriptional misregulation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, cell infiltration and migration, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the inadequacy of endometrium infiltration, angiogenic disorder, and oxidative stress in syncytiotrophoblast are more likely to occur in patients with GDM and may be the potential mechanisms leading to such patients secondarily developing severe early-onset PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Sun
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- grid.417234.7Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Qu
- grid.417234.7Department of Biotherapy Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiyan He
- grid.417234.7Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- grid.417234.7Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Guo
- grid.417234.7Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Mao
- grid.417234.7Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- grid.417234.7Department of Biotherapy Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- 0000 0004 1790 6079grid.268079.2Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- grid.412643.6The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Houston Fertility Laboratory, Houston, TX USA
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Mylvaganam SM, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. Picket-fences in the plasma membrane: functions in immune cells and phagocytosis. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:605-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gonul II, Cakir A, Sozen S. Immunohistochemical expression profiles of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in urothelial tumors of bladder. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:350-355. [PMID: 30004053 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_12_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucins may show aberrant expression, localization, and/or glycosylation in multiple malignancies. However, information regarding expression of these mucins is mostly unknown in urothelial tumors. Aim This study was conducted for examining the expressions of membrane associated and secreted mucin (MUC1) and a secreted gel-forming mucin (MUC2) in urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder. Subjects and Methods Archival transurethral resection materials of 97 urothelial carcinoma cases were reexamined light microscopically and graded according to the 2004 WHO Classification. Pathological stage was given as pTa, pT1, and pT2. Demonstrative sections were recut for immunohistochemistry for MUC1 and MUC2. The results were statistically analyzed, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The positivity for MUC1 and MUC2 was 89.7% and 44.3%, respectively. Independent from pathological stage of the tumor, MUC1 expression showed statistically significant correlation with tumor grade (P < 0.05). We did not find any correlation between pathological stage and MUC1 and MUC2 expression (P > 0.05). MUC1 staining pattern in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential cases was more commonly apical and superficial (luminal cell layer only). Intermediate cells ± basal cells or isolated cells or islands of tumor cells with cytoplasmic and/or circumferential membrane positivity for MUC1 and MUC2 were more commonly observed in both low- and high-grade carcinomas. The difference between groups in terms of MUC1 and MUC2 staining was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The staining patterns of both mucins are different between urothelial papillary tumors and may be used to make a differentiation, especially for low-grade papillary urothelial lesions. This difference may also be important in the carcinomatous transformation of urothelial neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Isik Gonul
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Cakir
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medipol University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Sozen
- Department of Urology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Seregni E, Botti C, Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Martinetti A, Nerini-Molteni S, Bombardieri E. Hormonal Regulation of MUC1 Expression. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 14:29-35. [PMID: 10367247 DOI: 10.1177/172460089901400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several circulating mucinous markers, including CA 15.3, MCA, CA 459, CASA, and Truquant BR, are secreted products of the polymorphic MUC1 gene, and are used as diagnostic tools in patients with breast cancer. In clinical practice the measurement of the levels of these markers in the blood can give important information on the tumor's response to treatment and its biological behavior during disease monitoring. Since the marker levels reflect the activity of the tumor, it is important to know all factors influencing the production/secretion and the blood concentrations of MUC1 mucin. Recent findings suggest that MUC1 gene expression is regulated by steroid hormones and other substances present in the serum. Such observations are very important not only because of their biological significance but also for their clinical implications, as one approach to breast cancer therapy is based on chemical hormone manipulation. Nevertheless, we have preliminarily demonstrated that endocrine treatment in breast cancer patients does not influence the circulating CA 15.3 serum levels, so changes in marker levels are related only to the clinical evolution of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Seregni
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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35
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von Mensdorff-Pouilly S, Snijdewint FG, Verstraeten AA, Verheijen RH, Kenemans P. Human MUC1 Mucin: A Multifaceted Glycoprotein. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 15:343-56. [PMID: 11192832 DOI: 10.1177/172460080001500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human MUC1 mucin, a membrane-bound glycoprotein, is a major component of the ductal cell surface of normal glandular cells. MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in carcinoma cells. The role MUC1 plays in cancer progression represents two sides of one coin: on the one hand, loss of polarity and overexpression of MUC1 in cancer cells interferes with cell adhesion and shields the tumor cell from immune recognition by the cellular arm of the immune system, thus favoring metastases; on the other hand, MUC1, in essence a self-antigen, is displaced and altered in malignancy and induces immune responses. Tumor-associated MUC1 has short carbohydrate sidechains and exposed epitopes on its peptide core; it gains access to the circulation and comes into contact with the immune system provoking humoral and cellular immune responses. Natural antibodies to MUC1 present in the circulation of cancer patients may be beneficial to the patient by restricting tumor growth and dissemination: early stage breast cancer patients with a humoral response to MUC1 have a better disease-specific survival. Several MUC1 peptide vaccines, differing in vectors, carrier proteins and adjuvants, have been tested in phase I clinical trials. They are capable of inducing predominantly humoral responses to the antigen, but evidence that these immune responses may be effective against the tumor in humans is still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- S von Mensdorff-Pouilly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arciero C, Somiari S, Shriver C, Brzeski H, Jordan R, Hu H, Ellsworth D, Somiari R. Functional Relationship and Gene Ontology Classification of Breast Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease that still imposes a significant healthcare burden on women worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer is not known but significant advances have been made in the area of early detection and treatment. The advent of advanced molecular biology techniques, mapping of the human genome and availability of high throughput genomic and proteomic strategies opens up new opportunities and will potentially lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for early detection and prognostication of breast cancer. Currently, many biomarkers, particularly the hormonal and epidermal growth factor receptors, are being utilized for breast cancer prognosis. Unfortunately, none of the biomarkers in use have sufficient diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive power across all categories and stages of breast cancer. It is recognized that more useful information can be generated if tumors are interrogated with multiple markers. But choosing the right combination of biomarkers is challenging, because 1) multiple pathways are involved, 2) up to 62 genes and their protein products are potentially involved in breast cancer-related mechanisms and 3) the more markers evaluated, the more the time and cost involved. This review summarizes the current literature on selected biomarkers for breast cancer, discusses the functional relationships, and groups the selected genes based on a Gene Ontology™ classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Arciero
- General Surgery Services, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC
- Windber Research Institute, Windber PA - USA
| | | | - C.D. Shriver
- General Surgery Services, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - H. Brzeski
- Windber Research Institute, Windber PA - USA
| | - R. Jordan
- Windber Research Institute, Windber PA - USA
| | - H. Hu
- Windber Research Institute, Windber PA - USA
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Veillon L, Fakih C, Abou-El-Hassan H, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. Glycosylation Changes in Brain Cancer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:51-72. [PMID: 28982002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that affects more than half of all known proteins. Glycans covalently bound to biomolecules modulate their functions by both direct interactions, such as the recognition of glycan structures by binding partners, and indirect mechanisms that contribute to the control of protein conformation, stability, and turnover. The focus of this Review is the discussion of aberrant glycosylation related to brain cancer. Altered sialylation and fucosylation of N- and O-glycans play a role in the development and progression of brain cancer. Additionally, aberrant O-glycan expression has been implicated in brain cancer. This Review also addresses the clinical potential and applications of aberrant glycosylation for the detection and treatment of brain cancer. The viable roles glycans may play in the development of brain cancer therapeutics are addressed as well as cancer-glycoproteomics and personalized medicine. Glycoprotein alterations are considered as a hallmark of cancer while high expression in body fluids represents an opportunity for cancer assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Veillon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
| | - Christina Fakih
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
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Ono E, Uede T. Implication of Soluble Forms of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Infectious Disease and Tumor: Insights from Transgenic Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010239. [PMID: 29342882 PMCID: PMC5796187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, which mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. They play a critical role in maintaining tissue integrity and mediating migration of cells, and some of them also act as viral receptors. It has been known that soluble forms of the viral receptors bind to the surface glycoproteins of the viruses and neutralize them, resulting in inhibition of the viral entry into cells. Nectin-1 is one of important CAMs belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both CAMs also act as alphaherpesvirus receptor. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of nectin-1 or HVEM showed almost complete resistance against the alphaherpesviruses. As another CAM, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) that recognize sialic acids are also known as an immunoglobulin superfamily member. Siglecs play an important role in the regulation of immune cell functions in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Siglec-9 is one of Siglecs and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to Siglec-9 on neutrophils, leading to suppress host immune response and provide a survival advantage to the pathogen. In addition, Siglec-9 also binds to tumor-produced mucins such as MUC1 to lead negative immunomodulation. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of Siglec-9 showed significant resistance against GBS infection and remarkable suppression of MUC1 expressing tumor proliferation. This review describes recent developments in the understanding of the potency of soluble forms of CAMs in the transgenic mice and discusses potential therapeutic interventions that may alter the outcomes of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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Chin-Hun Kuo J, Gandhi JG, Zia RN, Paszek MJ. Physical biology of the cancer cell glycocalyx. NATURE PHYSICS 2018; 14:658-669. [PMID: 33859716 PMCID: PMC8046174 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx coating the outside of most cells is a polymer meshwork comprising proteins and complex sugar chains called glycans. From a physical perspective, the glycocalyx has long been considered a simple 'slime' that protects cells from mechanical disruption or against pathogen interactions, but the great complexity of the structure argues for the evolution of more advanced functionality: the glycocalyx serves as the complex physical environment within which cell-surface receptors reside and operate. Recent studies have demonstrated that the glycocalyx can exert thermodynamic and kinetic control over cell signalling by serving as the local medium within which receptors diffuse, assemble and function. The composition and structure of the glycocalyx change markedly with changes in cell state, including transformation. Notably, cancer-specific changes fuel the synthesis of monomeric building blocks and machinery for production of long-chain polymers that alter the physical and chemical structure of the glycocalyx. In this Review, we discuss these changes and their physical consequences on receptor function and emergent cell behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jay G. Gandhi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roseanna N. Zia
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to M.J.P.
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Okano K, Yoshizawa T, Miura T, Ishido K, Kudo D, Kimura N, Wakiya TI, Wu Y, Morohashi S, Hakamada K, Kijima H. Impact of the histological phenotype of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:54-60. [PMID: 29387397 PMCID: PMC5769285 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of histological phenotypes was originally conceived for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Recently, it has been introduced for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations between histological phenotype and clinicopathological features of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, using 99 cases of surgically-resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. All cases were divided into one of two histological phenotypes: Biliary-type (BT; 56 cases, 56.6%) or metaplastic-type (MT; 43 cases, 43.4%). The clinicopathological features were compared between these two phenotypes. BT tumors exhibited significantly poorer differentiation, more frequent lymph node metastasis (BT vs. MT, 42.9 vs. 30.2%; P=0.042), more severe venous invasion (v2-3: BT vs. MT, 64.3 vs. 23.3%; P<0.001), and more severe perineural invasion (ne2-3: BT vs. MT, 78.6 vs. 48.8%, P=0.002). Furthermore, the overall (P=0.015) and disease-free (P=0.003) survival times were significantly decreased in patients with BT vs. MT tumors. In conclusion, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a BT phenotype has greater malignant potential, and may be an important predictive factor for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tai-Ichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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MUC1 overexpression predicts worse survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90315-90326. [PMID: 29163831 PMCID: PMC5685752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the prognostic role of MUC1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to appraise the clinicopathological and prognostic effect of MUC1 in NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) were conducted and relevant studies were extracted. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate effects. Heterogeneity among studies and publication bias were also evaluated. Results A total of 15 studies with 1,682 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HRs indicated that elevated MUC1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.47–3.05; P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.53-2.62; P < 0.001) in patients with NSCLC. Significant associations were also found in patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) (HR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.21–4.52, P < 0.001) and with a platinum-based regimen (HR = 4.35, 95% CI: 2.45–7.72, P < 0.001). Additionally, MUC1 overexpression was significantly associated with performance status (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.13–4.73, P = 0.021). Conclusions MUC1 could be a valuable biomarker of the prognoses of NSCLC patients.
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Fang T, Van Elssen CHMJ, Duarte JN, Guzman JS, Chahal JS, Ling J, Ploegh HL. Targeted antigen delivery by an anti-class II MHC VHH elicits focused αMUC1(Tn) immunity. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5591-5597. [PMID: 28970938 PMCID: PMC5618788 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00446j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual patterns of glycosylation on the surface of transformed cells contribute to immune modulation and metastasis of malignant tumors. Active immunization against them requires effective antigen presentation, which is complicated by a lack of access to tumor-specific posttranslational modifications through standard genetic approaches and by the low efficiency of passive antigen sampling. We found that antigen targeted to antigen presenting cells via class II MHC products can elicit a robust immune response against MUC1(Tn) bearing a defined tumor-associated glycoform, Tn. The two-component vaccine construct was prepared by sortase-mediated protein ligation of a synthetic MUC1(Tn) fragment to a class II MHC-binding single-domain antibody fragment (VHH7) as targeting moiety. We show that VHH7 targets antigen presenting cells in vivo, and when conjugated to MUC1(Tn) can elicit a strong αMUC1(Tn) immune response in mice. The resulting sera preferentially recognized the MUC1 epitope with the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Tn and were capable of killing cancer cells in a complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay. Immunoglobulin isotype analysis and cytokine release assays suggested a favorable Th1 response. A single boost 12 months after primary immunization triggered a recall response of the same quality, suggesting that long-term αMUC1(Tn) memory had been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | | | - Joao N Duarte
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - Jonathan S Guzman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Jasdave S Chahal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , 9 Cambridge Center , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
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Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, Bonini S, Gabison EE, Jain S, Knop E, Markoulli M, Ogawa Y, Perez V, Uchino Y, Yokoi N, Zoukhri D, Sullivan DA. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:438-510. [PMID: 28736340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1001] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bron
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric E Gabison
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild & Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich Knop
- Departments of Cell and Neurobiology and Ocular Surface Center Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuichi Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Phagocytes recognize and eliminate pathogens, alert other tissues of impending threats, and provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity. They also maintain tissue homeostasis, consuming dead cells without causing alarm. The receptor engagement, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal rearrangements underlying phagocytosis are paradigmatic of other immune responses and bear similarities to macropinocytosis and cell migration. We discuss how the glycocalyx restricts access to phagocytic receptors, the processes that enable receptor engagement and clustering, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that controls the mobility of membrane proteins and lipids and provides the mechanical force propelling the phagocyte membrane toward and around the phagocytic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5C 1N8, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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Taniguchi T, Woodward AM, Magnelli P, McColgan NM, Lehoux S, Jacobo SMP, Mauris J, Argüeso P. N-Glycosylation affects the stability and barrier function of the MUC16 mucin. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11079-11090. [PMID: 28487369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane mucins are highly O-glycosylated glycoproteins that coat the apical glycocalyx on mucosal surfaces and represent the first line of cellular defense against infection and injury. Relatively low levels of N-glycans are found on transmembrane mucins, and their structure and function remain poorly characterized. We previously reported that carbohydrate-dependent interactions of transmembrane mucins with galectin-3 contribute to maintenance of the epithelial barrier at the ocular surface. Now, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we report that transmembrane mucin N-glycans in differentiated human corneal epithelial cells contain primarily complex-type structures with N-acetyllactosamine, a preferred galectin ligand. In N-glycosylation inhibition experiments, we find that treatment with tunicamycin and siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I gene (MGAT1) induce partial loss of both total and cell-surface levels of the largest mucin, MUC16, and a concomitant reduction in glycocalyx barrier function. Moreover, we identified a distinct role for N-glycans in promoting MUC16's binding affinity toward galectin-3 and in causing retention of the lectin on the epithelial cell surface. Taken together, these studies define a role for N-linked oligosaccharides in supporting the stability and function of transmembrane mucins on mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takazumi Taniguchi
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Ashley M Woodward
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Nicole M McColgan
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- the Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Sarah Melissa P Jacobo
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jérôme Mauris
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
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Horimasu Y, Ishikawa N, Tanaka S, Hirano C, Iwamoto H, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N, Kohno N. MUC1 in lung adenocarcinoma: cross-sectional genetic and serological study. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:263. [PMID: 28403862 PMCID: PMC5388999 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucin 1 (MUC1) contributes to the growth and metastasis of various cancers, including lung cancer, and MUC1 gene length polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to lung cancer and its prognosis. In contrast, the association between rs4072037, a single nucleotide polymorphism in MUC1, and lung cancer has not been well studied. Methods In the present study, we determined the rs4072037 genotype and measured serum KL-6 levels to evaluate the association between lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and rs4072037 or serum KL-6 levels. DNA samples were available for 172 patients and these were included in the genomic analyses. In addition, 304 patients were included in the serum analyses. Furthermore, 276 healthy volunteers were included in both genomic and serum analyses. Results The rs4072037 genotype was not associated with susceptibility to lung ADC or its prognosis. Interestingly, serum KL-6 levels significantly differed according to rs4072037 genotype in those with T1 or T2 (P < 0.001), N0 or N1 (P = 0.002) and M0 (P < 0.001), but not in those with T3 or T4 (P = 0.882), N2 or N3 (P = 0.616) and M1a or M1b (P = 0.501). Serum KL-6 levels were significantly associated with the presence of lung ADC, as well as with its progression and prognosis, indicating the crucial involvement of KL-6/MUC1 in the development of lung cancer and its progression. Conclusion Based on these findings, we conclude that rs4072037 does not have a significant impact on the pathogenesis or prognosis of lung ADC, whereas serum KL-6 levels, which might reflecting the molecular length of MUC1, are significantly associated with lung ADC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3272-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan.
| | - Sonosuke Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shobara City Saijo Citizens Hospital, 1339 Nakano, Saijo-cho, Shobara, 729-5742, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hirano
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuoki Kohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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47
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Shurer CR, Colville MJ, Gupta VK, Head SE, Kai F, Lakins JN, Paszek MJ. Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:388-399. [PMID: 29805991 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. However, tools to experimentally mimic and model the cancer-specific glycocalyx remain limited. Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Marshall J Colville
- Cornell University, Field of Biophysics, 107 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 105 Upson Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shelby E Head
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - FuiBoon Kai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jonathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 113 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Cornell University, Field of Biophysics, 107 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Field of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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48
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van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Transmembrane Mucins: Signaling Receptors at the Intersection of Inflammation and Cancer. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:281-299. [PMID: 28052300 DOI: 10.1159/000453594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces line our body cavities and provide the interaction surface between commensal and pathogenic microbiota and the host. The barrier function of the mucosal layer is largely maintained by gel-forming mucin proteins that are secreted by goblet cells. In addition, mucosal epithelial cells express cell-bound mucins that have both barrier and signaling functions. The family of transmembrane mucins consists of diverse members that share a few characteristics. The highly glycosylated extracellular mucin domains inhibit invasion by pathogenic bacteria and can form a tight mesh structure that protects cells in harmful conditions. The intracellular tails of transmembrane mucins can be phosphorylated and connect to signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, cell-cell interactions, differentiation, and apoptosis. Transmembrane mucins play important roles in preventing infection at mucosal surfaces, but are also renowned for their contributions to the development, progression, and metastasis of adenocarcinomas. In general, transmembrane mucins seem to have evolved to monitor and repair damaged epithelia, but these functions can be highjacked by cancer cells to yield a survival advantage. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of the functions of transmembrane mucins in inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis in order to better understand the diverse functions of these multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos P M van Putten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Pellizzari G, Spicer JF, Montes A, Karagiannis SN. Therapeutic targets and new directions for antibodies developed for ovarian cancer. MAbs 2016; 8:1437-1455. [PMID: 27494775 PMCID: PMC5098446 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1219005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics against different target antigens are widely used in the treatment of different malignancies including ovarian carcinomas, but this disease still requires more effective agents. Improved understanding of the biological features, signaling pathways, and immunological escape mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer has emerged in the past few years. These advances, including an appreciation of the cross-talk between cancer cells and the patient's immune system, have led to the identification of new targets. In turn, potential antibody treatments with various mechanisms of action, including immune activation or toxin-delivery, that are directed at these targets have been developed. Here, we identify established as well as novel targets for antibodies in ovarian cancer, and discuss how they may provide fresh opportunities to identify interventions with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Bax
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - James F Spicer
- b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Ana Montes
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
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50
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Lappi-Blanco E, Mäkinen JM, Lehtonen S, Karvonen H, Sormunen R, Laitakari K, Johnson S, Mäkitaro R, Bloigu R, Kaarteenaho R. Mucin-1 correlates with survival, smoking status, and growth patterns in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13811-13820. [PMID: 27481516 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-1 (MUC1) affects cancer progression in lung adenocarcinoma, and its aberrant expression pattern has been correlated with poor tumor differentiation and impaired prognosis. In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of MUC1 and Mucin-4 (MUC4) was analyzed in a series of 106 surgically operated stage I-IV pulmonary adenocarcinomas. MUC1 immunohistochemistry was evaluated according to the Nagai classification, and the immunohistochemical profile of the tumors was correlated with detailed clinical and histological data. The effect of cigarette smoke on MUC1 expression in lung cancer cell lines was examined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). In contrast to the normal apical localization of MUC1, a basolateral and cytoplasmic (depolarized) MUC1 expression pattern was frequently encountered in the high-grade subtypes, i.e., solid predominant adenocarcinoma and the cribriform variant of acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001), and was rarely observed in tumors containing a non-predominant lepidic component (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the altered staining pattern of MUC1 correlated with stage (p = 0.002), reduced overall survival (p = 0.031), and was associated with smoking (p < 0.001). When H1650 adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to cigarette smoke and analyzed by RT-qPCR and IEM, the levels of the MUC1 transcript and protein were elevated (p = 0.042). In conclusion, MUC1 participates in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and associates with smoking both in vitro and in vivo. In lung adenocarcinoma, depolarized MUC1 protein expression correlated with histological growth patterns, stage, and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, POB 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Johanna M Mäkinen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, POB 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henna Karvonen
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, Room 234, 150 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, POB 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitakari
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shirley Johnson
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Mäkitaro
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Respiratory Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Center of Medicine and Clinical Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
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