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Xu Y, Shan W, Luo Q, Zhang M, Huo D, Chen Y, Li H, Ye Y, Yu X, Luo Y, Huang H. Establishment of a humanized mouse model using steady-state peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells facilitates screening of cancer-targeted T-cell repertoires. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e118. [PMID: 38947755 PMCID: PMC11212321 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancer-targeted T-cell receptor T (TCR-T) cells hold promise in treating cancers such as hematological malignancies and breast cancers. However, approaches to obtain cancer-reactive TCR-T cells have been unsuccessful. Methods Here, we developed a novel strategy to screen for cancer-targeted TCR-T cells using a special humanized mouse model with person-specific immune fingerprints. Rare steady-state circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were expanded via three-dimensional culture of steady-state peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and then the expanded cells were applied to establish humanized mice. The human immune system was evaluated according to the kinetics of dendritic cells, monocytes, T-cell subsets, and cytokines. To fully stimulate the immune response and to obtain B-cell precursor NAML-6- and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231-targeted TCR-T cells, we used the inactivated cells above to treat humanized mice twice a day every 7 days. Then, human T cells were processed for TCR β-chain (TRB) sequencing analysis. After the repertoires had been constructed, features such as the fraction, diversity, and immune signature were investigated. Results The results demonstrated an increase in diversity and clonality of T cells after treatment. The preferential usage and features of TRBV, TRBJ, and the V-J combination were also changed. The stress also induced highly clonal expansion. Tumor burden and survival analysis demonstrated that stress induction could significantly inhibit the growth of subsequently transfused live tumor cells and prolong the survival of the humanized mice. Conclusions We constructed a personalized humanized mouse model to screen cancer-targeted TCR-T pools. Our platform provides an effective source of cancer-targeted TCR-T cells and allows for the design of patient-specific engineered T cells. It therefore has the potential to greatly benefit cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yishan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Delmonte OM, Oguz C, Dobbs K, Myint-Hpu K, Palterer B, Abers MS, Draper D, Truong M, Kaplan IM, Gittelman RM, Zhang Y, Rosen LB, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Burbelo PD, Imberti L, Sottini A, Quiros-Roldan E, Castelli F, Rossi C, Brugnoni D, Biondi A, Bettini LR, D'Angio M, Bonfanti P, Anderson MV, Saracino A, Chironna M, Di Stefano M, Fiore JR, Santantonio T, Castagnoli R, Marseglia GL, Magliocco M, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Shaw E, Matthews H, Weber SE, Xirasagar S, Barnett J, Oler AJ, Dimitrova D, Bergerson JRE, McDermott DH, Rao VK, Murphy PM, Holland SM, Lisco A, Su HC, Lionakis MS, Cohen JI, Freeman AF, Snyder TM, Lack J, Notarangelo LD. Perturbations of the T-cell receptor repertoire in response to SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1655-1667. [PMID: 38154666 PMCID: PMC11162338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional T-cell responses are essential for virus clearance and long-term protection after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas certain clinical factors, such as older age and immunocompromise, are associated with worse outcome. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the breadth and magnitude of T-cell responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) who had received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. METHODS Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools to characterize the T-cell receptor β repertoire signatures in 540 individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31 IEI recipients of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, and healthy controls, we quantified HLA class I- and class II-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specific responses and also identified several HLA allele-clonotype motif associations in patients with COVID-19, including a subcohort of anti-type 1 interferon (IFN-1)-positive patients. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that elderly patients with COVID-19 with critical disease manifested lower SARS-CoV-2 T-cell clonotype diversity as well as T-cell responses with reduced magnitude, whereas the SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes targeted a broad range of HLA class I- and class II-restricted epitopes across the viral proteome. The presence of anti-IFN-I antibodies was associated with certain HLA alleles. Finally, COVID-19 mRNA immunization induced an increase in the breadth of SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes in patients with IEIs, including those who had failed to seroconvert. CONCLUSIONS Elderly individuals have impaired capacity to develop broad and sustained T-cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genetic factors may play a role in the production of anti-IFN-1 antibodies. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are effective in inducing T-cell responses in patients with IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Cihan Oguz
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Katherine Myint-Hpu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Deborah Draper
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md; The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camillo Rossi
- Direzione Sanitaria, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Duilio Brugnoni
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico-Cliniche, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Mariella D'Angio
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network on Paediatric Cancer, European Reference Network on Haematological Diseases, and European Reference Network on Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Megan V Anderson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Hygiene Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Di Stefano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jose Ramon Fiore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Santantonio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Helen Matthews
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah E Weber
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sandhya Xirasagar
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jason Barnett
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrew J Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dimana Dimitrova
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jenna R E Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - David H McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | - Justin Lack
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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3
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Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Thwaites RS, Kedzierska K. Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1. [PMID: 38698083 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses remain a global threat to human health, with continued pandemic potential. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the optimal immune responses that drive recovery from influenza virus infection, highlighting the fine balance between protective immune mechanisms and detrimental immunopathology. We describe the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells, inflammatory modulators and antibodies to influenza virus-specific immunity, inflammation and immunopathology. We highlight recent human influenza virus challenge studies that advance our understanding of susceptibility to influenza and determinants of symptomatic disease. We also describe studies of influenza virus-specific immunity in high-risk groups following infection and vaccination that inform the design of future vaccines to promote optimal antiviral immunity, particularly in vulnerable populations. Finally, we draw on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to refocus our attention to the ever-changing, highly mutable influenza A virus, predicted to cause future global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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Lanfermeijer J, van de Ven K, Hendriks M, van Dijken H, Lenz S, Vos M, Borghans JAM, van Baarle D, de Jonge J. The Memory-CD8+-T-Cell Response to Conserved Influenza Virus Epitopes in Mice Is Not Influenced by Time Since Previous Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:419. [PMID: 38675801 PMCID: PMC11054904 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To protect older adults against influenza A virus (IAV) infection, innovative strategies are imperative to overcome the decrease in protective immune response with age. One approach involves the boosting of CD8+ T cells at middle age that were previously induced by natural infection. At this stage, the immune system is still fit. Given the high conservation of T-cell epitopes within internal viral proteins, such a response may confer lasting protection against evolving influenza strains at older age, also reducing the high number of influenza immunizations currently required. However, at the time of vaccination, some individuals may have been more recently exposed to IAV than others, which could affect the T-cell response. We therefore investigated the fundamental principle of how the interval between the last infection and booster immunization during middle age influences the CD8+ T-cell response. To model this, female mice were infected at either 6 or 9 months of age and subsequently received a heterosubtypic infection booster at middle age (12 months). Before the booster infection, 6-month-primed mice displayed lower IAV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the spleen and lung than 9-month-primed mice. Both groups were better protected against the subsequent heterosubtypic booster infection compared to naïve mice. Notably, despite the different CD8+ T-cell levels between the 6-month- and 9-month-primed mice, we observed comparable responses after booster infection, based on IFNγ responses, and IAV-specific T-cell frequencies and repertoire diversity. Lung-derived CD8+ T cells of 6- and 9-month-primed mice expressed similar levels of tissue-resident memory-T-cell markers 30 days post booster infection. These data suggest that the IAV-specific CD8+ T-cell response after boosting is not influenced by the time post priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien Lanfermeijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- AstraZeneca, 2594 AV Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Ven
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- DICA (Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing), 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Hendriks
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Deventer Ziekenhuis, 7416 SE Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Dijken
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Lenz
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- MSD Animal Health, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - José A. M. Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Virology & Immunology Research, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jørgen de Jonge
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Manoutcharian K, Gevorkian G. Are we getting closer to a successful neoantigen cancer vaccine? Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101254. [PMID: 38354548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although significant advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types over the past decade, the field of vaccine therapy, an important component of cancer immunotherapy, despite decades-long intense efforts, is still transmitting signals of promises and awaiting strong data on efficacy to proceed with regulatory approval. The field of cancer vaccines faces standard challenges, such as tumor-induced immunosuppression, immune response in inhibitory tumor microenvironment (TME), intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), permanently evolving cancer mutational landscape leading to neoantigens, and less known obstacles: neoantigen gain/loss upon immunotherapy, the timing and speed of appearance of neoantigens and responding T cell clonotypes and possible involvement of immune interference/heterologous immunity, in the complex interplay between evolving tumor epitopes and the immune system. In this review, we discuss some key issues related to challenges hampering the development of cancer vaccines, along with the current approaches focusing on neoantigens. We summarize currently well-known ideas/rationales, thus revealing the need for alternative vaccine approaches. Such a discussion should stimulate vaccine researchers to apply out-of-box, unconventional thinking in search of new avenues to deal with critical, often yet unaddressed challenges on the road to a new generation of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), CDMX, Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), CDMX, Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP, 04510, Mexico.
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Dinges SS, Amini K, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Primary and secondary defects of the thymus. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:178-211. [PMID: 38228406 PMCID: PMC10950553 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development, enabling generation, and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that recognize non-self, whilst remaining tolerant to self- antigens. Severe congenital disorders of thymic development (athymia) can be fatal if left untreated due to infections, and thymic tissue implantation is the only cure. While newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency has allowed improved detection at birth of congenital athymia, thymic disorders acquired later in life are still underrecognized and assessing the quality of thymic function in such conditions remains a challenge. The thymus is sensitive to injury elicited from a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, and its self-renewal capacity decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymic dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical trials upon administration of soluble factors promoting thymic regeneration, but to date no therapy is approved for clinical use. In this review we provide a background on thymus development, function, and age-related involution. We discuss disease mechanisms, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for primary and secondary thymic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kayla Amini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Collins CP, Longo DL, Murphy WJ. The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345499. [PMID: 38469293 PMCID: PMC10925677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated vaccines have been highly variable within the general population. The increasing evidence of long-lasting symptoms after resolution of infection, called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or "Long COVID," suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms are at play. Closely related endemic common human coronaviruses (hCoV) can induce pre-existing and potentially cross-reactive immunity, which can then affect primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as vaccination responses. The influence of pre-existing immunity from these hCoVs, as well as responses generated from original CoV2 strains or vaccines on the development of new high-affinity responses to CoV2 antigenic viral variants, needs to be better understood given the need for continuous vaccine adaptation and application in the population. Due in part to thymic involution, normal aging is associated with reduced naïve T cell compartments and impaired primary antigen responsiveness, resulting in a reliance on the pre-existing cross-reactive memory cell pool which may be of lower affinity, restricted in diversity, or of shorter duration. These effects can also be mediated by the presence of down-regulatory anti-idiotype responses which also increase in aging. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of clinical data, utilization of preclinical models offers the greatest ability to assess immune responses under a controlled setting. These models should now involve prior antigen/viral exposure combined with incorporation of modifying factors such as age on immune responses and effects. This will also allow for mechanistic dissection and understanding of the different immune pathways involved in both SARS-CoV-2 pathogen and potential vaccine responses over time and how pre-existing memory responses, including potential anti-idiotype responses, can affect efficacy as well as potential off-target effects in different tissues as well as modeling PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Collins
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dan L. Longo
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William J. Murphy
- Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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8
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Buckley DJ, Sharma S, Joseph B, Fayyaz AH, Canizales A, Terrebonne KJ, Trott DW. Early life thymectomy induces arterial dysfunction in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:1035-1051. [PMID: 37354388 PMCID: PMC10828352 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the arteries is characterized by increased large artery stiffness and impaired endothelium-dependent dilation. We have previously shown that in old (22-24 month) mice T cells accumulate within aorta and mesentery. We have also shown that pharmacologic and genetic deletion of these T cells ameliorates age-related arterial dysfunction. These data indicate that T cells contribute to arterial aging; however, it is unknown if aged T cells alone can induce arterial dysfunction in otherwise young mice. To produce an aged-like T cell phenotype, mice were thymectomized at three-weeks of age or were left with their thymus intact. At 9 months of age, thymectomized mice exhibited greater proportions of both CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells compared to controls in the blood. Similar changes were observed in the T cells accumulating in the aorta and mesentery. We also observed greater numbers of proinflammatory cytokine producing T cells in the aorta and mesentery. The phenotypic T cell changes in the blood, aorta and mesentery of thymectomized mice were similar to those observed when we compared young (4-6 month) to old thymus intact mice. Along with these alterations, compared to controls, thymectomized mice exhibited augmented large artery stiffness and greater aortic collagen deposition as well as impaired mesenteric artery endothelium dependent dilation due to blunted nitric oxide bioavailability. These results indicate that early life thymectomy results in arterial dysfunction and suggest that an aged-like T cell phenotype alone is sufficient to induce arterial dysfunction in otherwise young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Blessy Joseph
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Alia H Fayyaz
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Alexandra Canizales
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Konner J Terrebonne
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Daniel W Trott
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 655 W. Mitchell St., Arlington, TX, 76010, USA.
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9
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Davies K, McLaren J. Destabilisation of T cell-dependent humoral immunity in sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:65-85. [PMID: 38197178 PMCID: PMC10781648 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous condition defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For some, sepsis presents as a predominantly suppressive disorder, whilst others experience a pro-inflammatory condition which can culminate in a 'cytokine storm'. Frequently, patients experience signs of concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, underpinning the difficulty in directing effective treatment. Although intensive care unit mortality rates have improved in recent years, one-third of discharged patients die within the following year. Half of post-sepsis deaths are due to exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, whilst half are due to complications arising from a deteriorated immune system. It has been suggested that the intense and dysregulated response to infection may induce irreversible metabolic reprogramming in immune cells. As a critical arm of immune protection in vertebrates, alterations to the adaptive immune system can have devastating repercussions. Indeed, a marked depletion of lymphocytes is observed in sepsis, correlating with increased rates of mortality. Such sepsis-induced lymphopenia has profound consequences on how T cells respond to infection but equally on the humoral immune response that is both elicited by B cells and supported by distinct CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. The immunosuppressive state is further exacerbated by functional impairments to the remaining lymphocyte population, including the presence of cells expressing dysfunctional or exhausted phenotypes. This review will specifically focus on how sepsis destabilises the adaptive immune system, with a closer examination on how B cells and CD4+ TFH cells are affected by sepsis and the corresponding impact on humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - James E. McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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10
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Luque Duque D, Gaevert JA, Thomas PG, López-García M, Lythe G, Molina-París C. Multi-variate model of T cell clonotype competition and homeostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21995. [PMID: 38081863 PMCID: PMC10713556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity of the naive T cell repertoire is maintained by competition for stimuli provided by self-peptides bound to major histocompatibility complexes (self-pMHCs). We extend an existing bi-variate competition model to a multi-variate model of the dynamics of multiple T cell clonotypes which share stimuli. In order to understand the late-time behaviour of the system, we analyse: (i) the dynamics until the extinction of the first clonotype, (ii) the time to the first extinction event, (iii) the probability of extinction of each clonotype, and (iv) the size of the surviving clonotypes when the first extinction event takes place. We also find the probability distribution of the number of cell divisions per clonotype before its extinction. The mean size of a new clonotype at quasi-steady state is an increasing function of the stimulus available to it, and a decreasing function of the fraction of stimuli it shares with other clonotypes. Thus, the probability of, and time to, extinction of a new clonotype entering the pool of T cell clonotypes is determined by the extent of competition for stimuli it experiences and by its initial number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Luque Duque
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jessica A Gaevert
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Martín López-García
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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11
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Ashour D, Rebs S, Arampatzi P, Saliba AE, Dudek J, Schulz R, Hofmann U, Frantz S, Cochain C, Streckfuß-Bömeke K, Campos Ramos G. An interferon gamma response signature links myocardial aging and immunosenescence. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2458-2468. [PMID: 37141306 PMCID: PMC10651211 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging entails profound immunological transformations that can impact myocardial homeostasis and predispose to heart failure. However, preclinical research in the immune-cardiology field is mostly conducted in young healthy animals, which potentially weakens its translational relevance. Herein, we sought to investigate how the aging T-cell compartment associates with changes in myocardial cell biology in aged mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We phenotyped the antigen-experienced effector/memory T cells purified from heart-draining lymph nodes of 2-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice using single-cell RNA/T cell receptor sequencing. Simultaneously, we profiled all non-cardiomyocyte cell subsets purified from 2- to 18-month-old hearts and integrated our data with publicly available cardiomyocyte single-cell sequencing datasets. Some of these findings were confirmed at the protein level by flow cytometry. With aging, the heart-draining lymph node and myocardial T cells underwent clonal expansion and exhibited an up-regulated pro-inflammatory transcription signature, marked by an increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. In parallel, all major myocardial cell populations showed increased IFN-γ responsive signature with aging. In the aged cardiomyocytes, a stronger IFN-γ response signature was paralleled by the dampening of expression levels of transcripts related to most metabolic pathways, especially oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes exposed to chronic, low grade IFN-γ treatment showed a similar inhibition of metabolic activity. CONCLUSIONS By investigating the paired age-related alterations in the T cells found in the heart and its draining lymph nodes, we provide evidence for increased myocardial IFN-γ signaling with age, which is associated with inflammatory and metabolic shifts typically seen in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- DiyaaElDin Ashour
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Panagiota Arampatzi
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- University of Würzburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Schulz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 4-62 HMRC, 11207 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G, 2S2 Canada
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuß-Bömeke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Campos Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Nehar-Belaid D, Sokolowski M, Ravichandran S, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D, Ucar D. Baseline immune states (BIS) associated with vaccine responsiveness and factors that shape the BIS. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101842. [PMID: 37717525 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are among the greatest inventions in medicine, leading to the elimination or control of numerous diseases, including smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, and, most recently, COVID-19. Yet, the effectiveness of vaccines varies among individuals. In fact, while some recipients mount a robust response to vaccination that protects them from the disease, others fail to respond. Multiple clinical and epidemiological factors contribute to this heterogeneity in responsiveness. Systems immunology studies fueled by advances in single-cell biology have been instrumental in uncovering pre-vaccination immune cell types and genomic features (i.e., the baseline immune state, BIS) that have been associated with vaccine responsiveness. Here, we review clinical factors that shape the BIS, and the characteristics of the BIS associated with responsiveness to frequently studied vaccines (i.e., influenza, COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, malaria). Finally, we discuss potential strategies to enhance vaccine responsiveness in high-risk groups, focusing specifically on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Sokolowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | - Damien Chaussabel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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13
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de Boer RJ, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM. Better safe than sorry: Naive T-cell dynamics in healthy ageing. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101839. [PMID: 37716048 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the functioning of the immune system gradually deteriorates with age, and we are increasingly confronted with its consequences as the life expectancy of the human population increases. Changes in the T-cell pool are among the most prominent features of the changing immune system during healthy ageing, and changes in the naive T-cell pool in particular are generally held responsible for its gradual deterioration. These changes in the naive T-cell pool are thought to be due to involution of the thymus. It is commonly believed that the gradual loss of thymic output induces compensatory mechanisms to maintain the number of naive T cells at a relatively constant level, and induces a loss of diversity in the T-cell repertoire. Here we review the studies that support or challenge this widely-held view of immune ageing and discuss the implications for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Kasmani MY, Topchyan P, Brown AK, Brown RJ, Wu X, Chen Y, Khatun A, Alson D, Wu Y, Burns R, Lin CW, Kudek MR, Sun J, Cui W. A spatial sequencing atlas of age-induced changes in the lung during influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6597. [PMID: 37852965 PMCID: PMC10584893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging impairs the immune response to influenza, both intrinsically and because of altered interactions with endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells. To characterize these changes, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) on lung tissue from young and aged female mice at days 0, 3, and 9 post-influenza infection. Our analyses identified dozens of key genes differentially expressed in kinetic, age-dependent, and cell type-specific manners. Aged immune cells exhibited altered inflammatory, memory, and chemotactic profiles. Aged endothelial cells demonstrated characteristics of reduced vascular wound healing and a prothrombotic state. Spatial transcriptomics identified novel profibrotic and antifibrotic markers expressed by epithelial and non-epithelial cells, highlighting the complex networks that promote fibrosis in aged lungs. Bulk RNA-seq generated a timeline of global transcriptional activity, showing increased expression of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation in aged lungs. Our work provides an atlas of high-throughput sequencing methodologies that can be used to investigate age-related changes in the response to influenza virus, identify novel cell-cell interactions for further study, and ultimately uncover potential therapeutic targets to improve health outcomes in the elderly following influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ashley K Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ryan J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Donia Alson
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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15
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Khadri L, Ziraksaz MH, Barekzai AB, Ghauri B. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:183-217. [PMID: 38237986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of T cell responses in COVID-19, focusing on T cell differentiation, specificity, and functional characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The differentiation of T cells in COVID-19 is explored, highlighting the key factors that influence T cell fate and effector functions. The immunology of the spike protein, a critical component of SARS-CoV-2, is discussed in detail, emphasizing its role in driving T-cell responses. The cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection are examined, including the specificity, phenotype, and functional attributes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. Furthermore, the chapter explores T-cell cross-recognition against other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the mechanisms of immune regulation mediated by spike proteins. This includes the induction of regulation through the innate immune system, the activation of self-spike protein-cross-reactive regulatory T cells, and the impact of self-tolerance on the regulation of spike proteins. The chapter investigates T cell responses to self-spike proteins and their implications in disease. The role of spike proteins as immunological targets in the context of COVID-19 is examined, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions and clinical trials in autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of T cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting their differentiation, immune regulation, and clinical implications. This knowledge contributes to the development of targeted immunotherapies, vaccine strategies, and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqha Khadri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore.
| | | | | | - Baber Ghauri
- Department of Biotechnology, Immune Inspired, Bangalore
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16
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Imbiakha B, Ezzatpour S, Buchholz DW, Sahler J, Ye C, Olarte-Castillo XA, Zou A, Kwas C, O’Hare K, Choi A, Adeleke RA, Khomandiak S, Goodman L, Jager MC, Whittaker GR, Martinez-Sobrido L, August A, Aguilar HC. Age-dependent acquisition of pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1736. [PMID: 37738347 PMCID: PMC10516498 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathology studies of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants of concern (VOC) are challenged by the lack of pathogenic animal models. While Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 replicate in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, they cause minimal to negligible morbidity and mortality, and less is known about more recent Omicron VOC. Here, we show that in contrast to Omicron BA.1, BA.5-infected mice exhibited high levels of morbidity and mortality, correlating with higher early viral loads. Neither Omicron BA.1 nor BA.5 replicated in brains, unlike most prior VOC. Only Omicron BA.5-infected mice exhibited substantial weight loss, high pathology scores in lungs, and high levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 5- to 8-month-old mice exhibited 100% fatality. These results identify a rodent model for pathogenesis or antiviral countermeasure studies for circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5. Further, differences in morbidity and mortality between Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 provide a model for understanding viral determinants of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Imbiakha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shahrzad Ezzatpour
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - David W. Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julie Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ximena A. Olarte-Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anna Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cole Kwas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Katelyn O’Hare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Annette Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard Ayomide Adeleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Solomiia Khomandiak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Laura Goodman
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mason C. Jager
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gary R. Whittaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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17
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Wang J, Pei L, Zhao T, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhang S, Li J, Wu H, Niu D. CD4 + T cells related to disease severity in elderly and frailty community-acquired pneumonia patients: A retrospective cohort study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1009. [PMID: 37773700 PMCID: PMC10540148 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Elderly and frailty individuals show a more senescent immune system, which may relate to worse outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to explore prognostic factors related to immune. METHODS Sixty of elderly (≥65 years) and frailty (clinical frailty scale ≥5 scores) nonsevere CAP patients and 60 severe CAP (SCAP) patients were recruited at our center. Clinical and laboratory data, and several assessment scores were collected. RESULTS Compared with nonsevere CAP group, the elderly and frailty SCAP patients showed higher level of BMI, PaCO2 and lactate in arterial blood-gas, CURB-65 score, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, shock accidence, and longer hospital stay using two-tailed t test. The SCAP group also showed increased CRP, IL-6, and PCT, and decreased CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that CD4+ T cells, IL-6 and PCT were independent prognostic factors for SCAP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CD4+ T cells combined with PCT was 0.771 (95% CI 0.683-0.859), and the sensitivity and specificity were both 76.7%. Paired t test analysis showed that low CD4+ T cells in SCAP patients increased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ T cells decreased in elderly and frailty SCAP patients, and CD4+ T cells combined with PCT were relatively accurate in the prediction of elderly and frailty SCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Lu Pei
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Quanrong Wang
- Critical Medicine Department of Huangpi District People's Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Jubo Li
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
| | - Dongsheng Niu
- Jincheng People's HospitalJinchengChina
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical CollegeJinchengChina
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18
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Lanzer KG, Cookenham T, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Duso D, Xie Q, Reiley WW, Becker KG, Blackman MA. Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:562-576. [PMID: 37555847 PMCID: PMC10587504 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the impact of accumulating Ag exposure on immunity in the aging mouse, and to develop a model more relevant to humans who are exposed to multiple pathogens during life, we sequentially infected young female mice with four distinct pathogens at 8-wk intervals: murine γ-herpesvirus 68, Sendai virus, murine CMV, and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Mock-infected mice received PBS. After aging the sequentially infected and mock-infected mice to 18-25 mo under specific pathogen-free conditions, we analyzed multiple immune parameters. We assessed transcriptional activity in peripheral blood, T cell phenotype, the diversity of influenza epitopes recognized by CD8 T cells, and the response of the animals to infection with influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our data show enhanced transcriptional activation in sequentially infected aged mice, with changes in some CD8 T cell subsets. However, there was no measurable difference in the response of mock-infected and sequentially infected aged mice to de novo infection with either influenza virus or M. tuberculosis at 18-21 mo. Unexpectedly, a single experiment in which 25-mo-old female mice were challenged with influenza virus revealed a significantly higher survival rate for sequentially infected (80%) versus mock-infected (20%) mice. These data suggest that although exposure to a variety of pathogen challenges in the mouse model does not overtly impact cellular markers of immunity in aged female mice following de novo respiratory infection, subtle changes may emerge in other compartments or with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elin Lehrmann
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G. Becker
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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19
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang D, Li M, Zhang Q, Pan C, Lin Y, Luo Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Insights gained from single-cell RNA analysis of murine endothelial cells in aging hearts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18324. [PMID: 37554834 PMCID: PMC10404962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with progressive decline in the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with age. Systematic analyses of the effects of aging on different cardiac EC types remain limited. Here, we constructed a scRNA atlas of EC transcriptomes in young and old mouse hearts. We identified 10 EC subclusters. The multidimensionally differential genes (DEGs) analysis across different EC clusters shows molecular changes with aging, showing the increase in the overall inflammatory microenvironment and the decrease in angiogenesis and cytoskeletal support capacity of aged ECs. And we performed an in-depth analysis of 3 special ECs, Immunology, Proliferating and Angiogenic. The Immunology EC seems highly associated with some immune regulatory functions, which decline with aging at different degrees. Analysis of two types of neovascular ECs, Proliferating, Angiogenic, implied that Angiogenic ECs can differentiate into multiple EC directions after initially originating from proliferating ECs. And aging leads to a decrease in the ability of vascular angiogenesis and differentiation. Finally, we summarized the effects of aging on cell signaling communication between different EC clusters. This cardiac EC atlas offers comprehensive insights into the molecular regulations of cardiovascular aging, and provides new directions for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caineng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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20
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Affaticati F, Bartholomeus E, Mullan K, Damme PV, Beutels P, Ogunjimi B, Laukens K, Meysman P. Multi-View Learning to Unravel the Different Levels Underlying Hepatitis B Vaccine Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1236. [PMID: 37515051 PMCID: PMC10384938 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system acts as an intricate apparatus that is dedicated to mounting a defense and ensures host survival from microbial threats. To engage this faceted immune response and provide protection against infectious diseases, vaccinations are a critical tool to be developed. However, vaccine responses are governed by levels that, when interrogated, separately only explain a fraction of the immune reaction. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a feasibility study to determine if multi-view modeling could aid in gaining actionable insights on response markers shared across populations, capture the immune system's diversity, and disentangle confounders. We thus sought to assess this multi-view modeling capacity on the responsiveness to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. Seroconversion to vaccine-induced antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) in early converters (n = 21; <2 months) and late converters (n = 9; <6 months) and was defined based on the anti-HBs titers (>10IU/L). The multi-view data encompassed bulk RNA-seq, CD4+ T-cell parameters (including T-cell receptor data), flow cytometry data, and clinical metadata (including age and gender). The modeling included testing single-view and multi-view joint dimensionality reductions. Multi-view joint dimensionality reduction outperformed single-view methods in terms of the area under the curve and balanced accuracy, confirming the increase in predictive power to be gained. The interpretation of these findings showed that age, gender, inflammation-related gene sets, and pre-existing vaccine-specific T-cells could be associated with vaccination responsiveness. This multi-view dimensionality reduction approach complements clinical seroconversion and all single modalities. Importantly, this modeling could identify what features could predict HBV vaccine response. This methodology could be extended to other vaccination trials to identify the key features regulating responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Affaticati
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Esther Bartholomeus
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp (VAXINFECTIO), 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kerry Mullan
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp (VAXINFECTIO), 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Müller TR, Sekine T, Trubach D, Niessl J, Chen P, Bergman P, Blennow O, Hansson L, Mielke S, Nowak P, Vesterbacka J, Akber M, Olofsson A, Amaya Hernandez SP, Gao Y, Cai C, Söderdahl G, Smith CIE, Österborg A, Loré K, Sällberg Chen M, Ljungman P, Ljunggren HG, Karlsson AC, Saini SK, Aleman S, Buggert M. Additive effects of booster mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection on T cell immunity across immunocompromised states. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg9452. [PMID: 37437015 PMCID: PMC7615622 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg9452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has frequently been observed in individuals with various immunodeficiencies. Given the increased antibody evasion properties of emerging SARS-CoV-2 subvariants, it is necessary to assess whether other components of adaptive immunity generate resilient and protective responses against infection. We assessed T cell responses in 279 individuals, covering five different immunodeficiencies and healthy controls, before and after booster mRNA vaccination, as well as after Omicron infection in a subset of patients. We observed robust and persistent Omicron-reactive T cell responses that increased markedly upon booster vaccination and correlated directly with antibody titers across all patient groups. Poor vaccination responsiveness in immunocompromised or elderly individuals was effectively counteracted by the administration of additional vaccine doses. Functionally, Omicron-reactive T cell responses exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic profile and signs of longevity, characterized by CD45RA+ effector memory subpopulations with stem cell-like properties and increased proliferative capacity. Regardless of underlying immunodeficiency, booster-vaccinated and Omicron-infected individuals appeared protected against severe disease and exhibited enhanced and diversified T cell responses against conserved and Omicron-specific epitopes. Our findings indicate that T cells retain the ability to generate highly functional responses against newly emerging variants, even after repeated antigen exposure and a robust immunological imprint from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Müller
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Darya Trubach
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julia Niessl
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Puran Chen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Blennow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Hansson
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Jan Vesterbacka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Olofsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susana Patricia Amaya Hernandez
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Curtis Cai
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Söderdahl
- Department of Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Ljungman
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika C. Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Foster WS, Newman J, Thakur N, Spencer AJ, Davies S, Woods D, Godfrey L, Ross SH, Sharpe HJ, Richard AC, Bailey D, Lambe T, Linterman MA. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination generates spike-specific CD8 + T cells in aged mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:479-488. [PMID: 36975169 PMCID: PMC10952561 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccines have reduced the morbidity and mortality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection; however, the elderly remain the most at risk. Understanding how vaccines generate protective immunity and how these mechanisms change with age is key for informing future vaccine design. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important for killing virally infected cells, and vaccines that induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in addition to humoral immunity provide an extra layer of immune protection. This is particularly important in cases where antibody titers are suboptimal, as can occur in older individuals. Here, we show that in aged mice, spike epitope-specific CD8+ T cells are generated in comparable numbers to younger animals after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, although phenotypic differences exist. This demonstrates that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicits a good CD8+ T-cell response in older bodies, but that typical age-associated features are evident on these vaccine reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Foster
- Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright InstitutePirbright, WokingUK
- The Jenner Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Medical Sciences Division, Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Oxford and Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Present address:
School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | | | - Danielle Woods
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Medical Sciences Division, Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Oxford and Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Sarah H Ross
- Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
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23
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Laurent SA, Strauli NB, Eggers EL, Wu H, Michel B, Demuth S, Palanichamy A, Wilson MR, Sirota M, Hernandez RD, Cree BAC, Herman AE, von Büdingen HC. Effect of Ocrelizumab on B- and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis From the Randomized Phase III OPERA Trial. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200118. [PMID: 37094998 PMCID: PMC10136682 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The B cell-depleting anti-CD20 antibody ocrelizumab (OCR) effectively reduces MS disease activity and slows disability progression. Given the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells, the primary goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of OCR on the T-cell receptor repertoire diversity. METHODS To examine whether OCR substantially alters the molecular diversity of the T-cell receptor repertoire, deep immune repertoire sequencing (RepSeq) of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell receptor β-chain variable regions was performed on longitudinal blood samples. The IgM and IgG heavy chain variable region repertoire was also analyzed to characterize the residual B-cell repertoire under OCR treatment. RESULTS Peripheral blood samples for RepSeq were obtained from 8 patients with relapsing MS enrolled in the OPERA I trial over a period of up to 39 months. Four patients each were treated with OCR or interferon β1-a during the double-blind period of OPERA I. All patients received OCR during the open-label extension. The diversity of the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell repertoires remained unaffected in OCR-treated patients. The expected OCR-associated B-cell depletion was mirrored by reduced B-cell receptor diversity in peripheral blood and a shift in immunoglobulin gene usage. Despite deep B-cell depletion, longitudinal persistence of clonally related B-cells was observed. DISCUSSION Our data illustrate that the diversity of CD4+/CD8+ T-cell receptor repertoires remained unaltered in OCR-treated patients with relapsing MS. Persistence of a highly diverse T-cell repertoire suggests that aspects of adaptive immunity remain intact despite extended anti-CD20 therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION This is a substudy (BE29353) of the OPERA I (WA21092; NCT01247324) trial. Date of registration, November 23, 2010; first patient enrollment, August 31, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Laurent
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicolas B Strauli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Erica L Eggers
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Hao Wu
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Brady Michel
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Stanislas Demuth
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Arumugam Palanichamy
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael R Wilson
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Marina Sirota
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Bruce Anthony Campbell Cree
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Ann E Herman
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - H-Christian von Büdingen
- From the Department of Neurology (S.A.L., E.L.E., H.W., B.M., S.D., A.P., M.R.W., B.A.C.C., H.-C.B.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (N.B.S.); Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.); Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (R.D.H.), University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Human Genetics (R.D.H.), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; and OMNI Biomarker Development (A.E.H.), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA.
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24
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Cadar AN, Martin DE, Bartley JM. Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37198683 PMCID: PMC10189223 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in immune response pose a challenge in combating diseases later in life. Influenza (flu) infection remains a significant burden on older populations and often results in catastrophic disability in those who survive infection. Despite having vaccines designed specifically for older adults, the burden of flu remains high and overall flu vaccine efficacy remains inadequate in this population. Recent geroscience research has highlighted the utility in targeting biological aging to improve multiple age-related declines. Indeed, the response to vaccination is highly coordinated, and diminished responses in older adults are likely not due to a singular deficit, but rather a multitude of age-related declines. In this review we highlight deficits in the aged vaccine responses and potential geroscience guided approaches to overcome these deficits. More specifically, we propose that alternative vaccine platforms and interventions that target the hallmarks of aging, including inflammation, cellular senescence, microbiome disturbances, and mitochondrial dysfunction, may improve vaccine responses and overall immunological resilience in older adults. Elucidating novel interventions and approaches that enhance immunological protection from vaccination is crucial to minimize the disproportionate effect of flu and other infectious diseases on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia N Cadar
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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25
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Klein S, Mischke J, Beruldsen F, Prinz I, Antunes DA, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM. Individual Epitope-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immune Responses Are Shaped Differently during Chronic Viral Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050716. [PMID: 37242386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark in chronic viral infections are exhausted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the inability of the immune system to eliminate the virus. Currently, there is limited information on the variability of epitope-specific T cell exhaustion within one immune response and the relevance to the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis and comparison of three lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses (NP396, GP33 and NP205) in a chronic setting with immune intervention, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, in regard to the TCR repertoire. These responses, though measured within the same mice, were individual and independent from each other. The massively exhausted NP396-specific CD8+ T cells revealed a significantly reduced TCR repertoire diversity, whereas less-exhausted GP33-specific CD8+ T cell responses were rather unaffected by chronicity in regard to their TCR repertoire diversity. NP205-specific CD8+ T cell responses showed a very special TCR repertoire with a prominent public motif of TCR clonotypes that was present in all NP205-specific responses, which separated this from NP396- and GP33-specific responses. Additionally, we showed that TCR repertoire shifts induced by ICI therapy are heterogeneous on the epitope level, by revealing profound effects in NP396-, less severe and opposed effects in NP205-, and minor effects in GP33-specific responses. Overall, our data revealed individual epitope-specific responses within one viral response that are differently affected by exhaustion and ICI therapy. These individual shapings of epitope-specific T cell responses and their TCR repertoires in an LCMV mouse model indicates important implications for focusing on epitope-specific responses in future evaluations for therapeutic approaches, e.g., for chronic hepatitis virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mischke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Finn Beruldsen
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dinler A Antunes
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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26
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Murray SM, Ansari AM, Frater J, Klenerman P, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Ogbe A. The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:304-316. [PMID: 36539527 PMCID: PMC9765363 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. In particular, regions of high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronaviruses have been highlighted as a likely source of this cross-reactivity. However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear. Here, we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of conserved coronavirus epitopes for the rational design of pan-coronavirus vaccines and consider cross-reactivity of immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azim M Ansari
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Kalinina AA, Ziganshin RK, Silaeva YY, Sharova NI, Nikonova MF, Persiyantseva NA, Gorkova TG, Antoshina EE, Trukhanova LS, Donetskova AD, Komogorova VV, Litvina MM, Mitin AN, Zamkova MA, Bruter AV, Khromykh LM, Kazansky DB. Physiological and Functional Effects of Dominant Active TCRα Expression in Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076527. [PMID: 37047500 PMCID: PMC10094918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A T cell receptor (TCR) consists of α- and β-chains. Accumulating evidence suggests that some TCRs possess chain centricity, i.e., either of the hemi-chains can dominate in antigen recognition and dictate the TCR’s specificity. The introduction of TCRα/β into naive lymphocytes generates antigen-specific T cells that are ready to perform their functions. Transgenesis of the dominant active TCRα creates transgenic animals with improved anti-tumor immune control, and adoptive immunotherapy with TCRα-transduced T cells provides resistance to infections. However, the potential detrimental effects of the dominant hemi-chain TCR’s expression in transgenic animals have not been well investigated. Here, we analyzed, in detail, the functional status of the immune system of recently generated 1D1a transgenic mice expressing the dominant active TCRα specific to the H2-Kb molecule. In their age dynamics, neither autoimmunity due to the random pairing of transgenic TCRα with endogenous TCRβ variants nor significant disturbances in systemic homeostasis were detected in these mice. Although the specific immune response was considerably enhanced in 1D1a mice, responses to third-party alloantigens were not compromised, indicating that the expression of dominant active TCRα did not limit immune reactivity in transgenic mice. Our data suggest that TCRα transgene expression could delay thymic involution and maintain TCRβ repertoire diversity in old transgenic mice. The detected changes in the systemic homeostasis in 1D1a transgenic mice, which are minor and primarily transient, may indicate variations in the ontogeny of wild-type and transgenic mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A. Kalinina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam Kh. Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu. Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina I. Sharova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita F. Nikonova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda A. Persiyantseva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Gorkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E. Antoshina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov S. Trukhanova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Almira D. Donetskova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Komogorova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina M. Litvina
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Mitin
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Zamkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila M. Khromykh
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Kazansky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zhao B, Wu B, Feng N, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhang W. Aging microenvironment and antitumor immunity for geriatric oncology: the landscape and future implications. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36945046 PMCID: PMC10032017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively investigated; however, it is complex and remains unclear, especially in elderly patients. Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals, which is characterized by stable arrest of the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. To the best of our knowledge, senescence leads to consistent arrest of tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating a set of pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases, which constitute the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). On the one hand, the SASP promotes antitumor immunity, which enhances treatment efficacy; on the other hand, the SASP increases immunosuppressive cell infiltration, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, and N2 neutrophils, contributing to TIME suppression. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the regulation of the SASP and components contributing to robust antitumor immunity in elderly individuals with different cancer types and the available therapies is necessary to control tumor cell senescence and provide greater clinical benefits to patients. In this review, we summarize the key biological functions mediated by cytokines and intercellular interactions and significant components of the TME landscape, which influence the immunotherapy response in geriatric oncology. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in clinical practices targeting TME components and discuss potential senescent TME targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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29
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Zhao Y, Li H, Guo Q, Hui H. Multiple characteristic alterations and available therapeutic strategies of cellular senescence. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:101-114. [PMID: 36751697 PMCID: PMC9936135 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Given its state of stable proliferative inhibition, cellular senescence is primarily depicted as a critical mechanism by which organisms delay the progression of carcinogenesis. Cells undergoing senescence are often associated with the alteration of a series of specific features and functions, such as metabolic shifts, stemness induction, and microenvironment remodeling. However, recent research has revealed more complexity associated with senescence, including adverse effects on both physiological and pathological processes. How organisms evade these harmful consequences and survive has become an urgent research issue. Several therapeutic strategies targeting senescence, including senolytics, senomorphics, immunotherapy, and function restoration, have achieved initial success in certain scenarios. In this review, we describe in detail the characteristic changes associated with cellular senescence and summarize currently available countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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30
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Zhang L, Jiao W, Deng H, Hu C, Xu J, Yu J, Liu L, Zhang M, Liu J, Chen G. High-throughput Treg cell receptor sequencing reveals differential immune repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis with kidney deficiency. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14837. [PMID: 36751634 PMCID: PMC9899432 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important immune cells that are regulated by adaptive immunity in the composition of Treg-cell subsets and T-cell receptors (TCRs). Treg cells are related to most autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), RA is typically attributed to kidney deficiency (KD) associated with the immunosenescence that causes immune dysfunction and the impaired function of Treg cells. So far, however, no mechanism related to KD and immune repertoires has been identified in RA. Methods Flow cytometry and high-throughput Treg-cell receptor sequencing were used to investigate the amount of different Treg-cell subsets and the diversity of TCRs between RA patients and healthy subjects, as well as between KD RA and non-KD RA patients. RT-qPCR was used to validate the high-throughput sequencing results. Results The data showed that the amount of naïve Treg cells in KD patients was less than in non-KD RA patients (P = 0.004) with no significant differences observed between other subsets. In the TCR of Treg cells, the length of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) was low and clonotypes increased in the KD group compared with the non-KD group. The diversity and abundance of Treg TCRs were low, as determined by the Hill number. In addition, several V(D)J combinations, such as T-cell receptor beta variable 7-2 (TRBV7-2), TRBV11-1, TRBV13, TRBV15, and TRBJ2-3, varied significantly between the two groups, indicating that KD causes Treg dysfunction. RT-qPCR shows that FOXP3 expression in peripheral blood Treg is lower in KD than in non-KD. Conclusion The results demonstrate the close correlation between KD and immune repertoires in RA and provide a new evaluation method for RA in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Deng
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congqi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiduo Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Chen HY, Zhao Y, Xie YZ. Immunosenescence of brain accelerates Alzheimer's disease progression. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:85-101. [PMID: 35791032 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic and occur after age 65. With prolonged life expectancy and general population aging, AD is becoming a significant public health concern. The immune system supports brain development, plasticity, and homeostasis, yet it is particularly vulnerable to aging-related changes. Aging of the immune system, called immunosenescence, is the multifaceted remodeling of the immune system during aging. Immunosenescence is a contributing factor to various age-related diseases, including AD. Age-related changes in brain immune cell phenotype and function, crosstalk between immune cells and neural cells, and neuroinflammation work together to promote neurodegeneration and age-related cognitive impairment. Although numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between systemic immune changes and AD, few studies focus on the immune state of brain microenvironment in aging and AD. This review mainly addresses the changes of brain immune microenvironment in aging and AD. Specifically, we delineate how various aspects of the brain immune microenvironment, including immune gateways, immune cells, and molecules, and the interplay between immune cells and neural cells, accelerate AD pathogenesis during aging. We also propose a theoretical framework of therapeutic strategies selectively targeting the different mechanisms to restore brain immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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32
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Single-cell spatial landscapes of the lung tumour immune microenvironment. Nature 2023; 614:548-554. [PMID: 36725934 PMCID: PMC9931585 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have revealed the complexity of the tumour immune microenvironment with unparalleled resolution1-9. Most clinical strategies rely on histopathological stratification of tumour subtypes, yet the spatial context of single-cell phenotypes within these stratified subgroups is poorly understood. Here we apply imaging mass cytometry to characterize the tumour and immunological landscape of samples from 416 patients with lung adenocarcinoma across five histological patterns. We resolve more than 1.6 million cells, enabling spatial analysis of immune lineages and activation states with distinct clinical correlates, including survival. Using deep learning, we can predict with high accuracy those patients who will progress after surgery using a single 1-mm2 tumour core, which could be informative for clinical management following surgical resection. Our dataset represents a valuable resource for the non-small cell lung cancer research community and exemplifies the utility of spatial resolution within single-cell analyses. This study also highlights how artificial intelligence can improve our understanding of microenvironmental features that underlie cancer progression and may influence future clinical practice.
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33
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Franco-Leyva T, Torres OH, Saez Prieto ME, Boera-Carnicero G, Santos Á, Clotet S, Albert-Jares D, El-Ebiary Y, Agustí-Martí M, Casademont J, Juárez C, Martínez-Martínez L. Early differentiated CD28 + CD27 + T lymphocytes as a biomarker for short and long-term outcomes in older patients with pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1183-1190. [PMID: 35748037 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0422-370r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that a more senescent immune system would predict a worse outcome in older patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP has long been responsible for high rates of mortality and readmissions among older people. Although immunosenescence is a key factor in the increased susceptibility to infections, there are no related biomarkers currently available in clinical practice. In this context, the aim of this prospective study was to identify immunosenescence-related biomarkers to predict outcomes in patients older than 65 years hospitalized for CAP. We evaluated 97 patients admitted to our hospital for CAP in 2019 and 2020. All patients were followed for 1 year. Our findings showed that elevated levels of early differentiated CD28+ CD27+ T cells at admission were associated with better short (2 months) and long-term (1 year) outcomes in terms of mortality and readmissions. Early differentiated CD28+ CD27+ CD4+ T cell counts were even better long-term predictors. In conclusion, early differentiated CD28+ CD27+ T cells could be useful biomarkers to identify high-risk older patients with CAP, helping clinicians with risk stratification and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franco-Leyva
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga H Torres
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Geriatrics Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Encarnación Saez Prieto
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Geriatrics Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Santos
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Geriatrics Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Clotet
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Albert-Jares
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin El-Ebiary
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Casademont
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cándido Juárez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Martínez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Lung Senescence in Asthma in the Elderly. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101456. [PMID: 36291665 PMCID: PMC9599177 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of asthma in older adults is growing along with increasing global life expectancy. Due to poor clinical consequences such as high mortality, advancement in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma in older patients has been sought to provide prompt treatment for them. Age-related alterations of functions in the immune system and lung parenchyma occur throughout life. Alterations with advancing age are promoted by various stimuli, including pathobionts, fungi, viruses, pollutants, and damage-associated molecular patterns derived from impaired cells, abandoned cell debris, and senescent cells. Age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, termed immunosenescence, includes impairment of phagocytosis and antigen presentation, enhancement of proinflammatory mediator generation, and production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Immnunosenescence could promote inflammaging (chronic low-grade inflammation) and contribute to late-onset adult asthma and asthma in the elderly, along with age-related pulmonary disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis, due to lung parenchyma senescence. Aged patients with asthma exhibit local and systemic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation, associated with clinical manifestations. Here, we discuss immunosenescence’s contribution to the immune response and the combination of type 2 inflammation and inflammaging in asthma in the elderly and present an overview of age-related features in the immune system and lung structure.
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35
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Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911845. [PMID: 36233146 PMCID: PMC9570409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to different triggers and an inflammatory secretome. Although originally described in fibroblasts and cell types of solid organs, cellular senescence affects most tissues with advancing age, including the lymphoid tissue, causing chronic inflammation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions. Besides its normal occurrence, persistent microbial challenge or pathogenic microorganisms might also accelerate the activation of cellular aging, inducing the premature senescence of immune cells. Therapeutic strategies counteracting the detrimental effects of cellular senescence are being developed. Their application to target immune cells might have the potential to improve immune dysfunctions during aging and reduce the age-dependent susceptibility to infections. In this review, we discuss how immune senescence influences the host’s ability to resolve more common infections in the elderly and detail the different markers proposed to identify such senescent cells; the mechanisms by which infectious agents increase the extent of immune senescence are also reviewed. Finally, available senescence therapeutics are discussed in the context of their effects on immunity and against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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36
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Hastak PS, Andersen CR, Kelleher AD, Sasson SC. Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983550. [PMID: 36211412 PMCID: PMC9539803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a need to further understand lung mucosal immunity to reduce the burden of community acquired pneumonia, including that caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Local mucosal immunity provides the first line of defence against respiratory pathogens, however very little is known about the mechanisms involved, with a majority of literature on respiratory infections based on the examination of peripheral blood. The mortality for severe community acquired pneumonia has been rising annually, even prior to the current pandemic, highlighting a significant need to increase knowledge, understanding and research in this field. In this review we profile key mediators of lung mucosal immunity, the dysfunction that occurs in the diseased lung microenvironment including the imbalance of inflammatory mediators and dysbiosis of the local microbiome. A greater understanding of lung tissue-based immunity may lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic procedures and novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing the disease burden of community acquired pneumonia, avoiding the systemic manifestations of infection and excess morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Hastak
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Andersen
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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37
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Lewis ED, Wu D, Meydani SN. Age-associated alterations in immune function and inflammation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 118:110576. [PMID: 35588939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a term used to describe the age-related changes in the immune system. Immunosenescence is associated with complex alterations and dysregulation of immune function and inflammatory processes. Age-related changes in innate immune responses including alterations in chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, impaired antigen presenting capacity, and dysregulated inflammatory response have been described. The most striking and best characterized feature of immunosenescence is the decline in both number and function of T cells. With age there is decreased proliferation, decreased number of antigen-naïve T cells, and increased number of antigen-experienced memory T cells. This decline in naïve T cell population is associated with impaired immunity and reduced response to new or mutated pathogens. While the absolute number of peripheral B cells appears constant with age, changes in B cell functions including reduced antibody production and response and cell memory have been described. However, the main alteration in cell-mediated function that has been reported across all species with aging is those observed in in T cell. These T cell mediated changes have been shown to contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer in older adults. In addition to functional and phenotype alterations in immune cells, studies demonstrate that circulating concentrations of inflammatory mediators in older adults are higher than those of young. This low grade, chronic inflammatory state that occurs in the context of aging has been termed "inflammaging". This review will focus on age-related changes in the immune system including immunosenescence and inflammation as well as the functional consequences of these age-related alterations for the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Diane Lewis
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
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38
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Garnica M, Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Calabrò A, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Kochan G, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Pojero F, Zareian N, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Escors D. How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9797. [PMID: 36077216 PMCID: PMC9456031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B cells and discuss the approaches that have been described or proposed to modulate and reverse the decline of the ageing adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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39
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Saggau C, Martini GR, Rosati E, Meise S, Messner B, Kamps AK, Bekel N, Gigla J, Rose R, Voß M, Geisen UM, Reid HM, Sümbül M, Tran F, Berner DK, Khodamoradi Y, Vehreschild MJGT, Cornely O, Koehler P, Krumbholz A, Fickenscher H, Kreuzer O, Schreiber C, Franke A, Schreiber S, Hoyer B, Scheffold A, Bacher P. The pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire determines the quality of the immune response to vaccination. Immunity 2022; 55:1924-1939.e5. [PMID: 35985324 PMCID: PMC9372089 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination generates enormous host-response heterogeneity and an age-dependent loss of immune-response quality. How the pre-exposure T cell repertoire contributes to this heterogeneity is poorly understood. We combined analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells pre- and post-vaccination with longitudinal T cell receptor tracking. We identified strong pre-exposure T cell variability that correlated with subsequent immune-response quality and age. High-quality responses, defined by strong expansion of high-avidity spike-specific T cells, high interleukin-21 production, and specific immunoglobulin G, depended on an intact naive repertoire and exclusion of pre-existing memory T cells. In the elderly, T cell expansion from both compartments was severely compromised. Our results reveal that an intrinsic defect of the CD4+ T cell repertoire causes the age-dependent decline of immune-response quality against SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the need for alternative strategies to induce high-quality T cell responses against newly arising pathogens in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Gabriela Rios Martini
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Silja Meise
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Berith Messner
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Kamps
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Nicole Bekel
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Johannes Gigla
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf M Geisen
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Hayley M Reid
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Melike Sümbül
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Dennis K Berner
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Yascha Khodamoradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt & Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Bimba Hoyer
- Medical Department I, Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24105, Germany.
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40
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Zöphel D, Angenendt A, Kaschek L, Ravichandran K, Hof C, Janku S, Hoth M, Lis A. Faster cytotoxicity with age: Increased perforin and granzyme levels in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells boost cancer cell elimination. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13668. [PMID: 35818124 PMCID: PMC9381916 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the altered efficiency of CTLs in elderly organisms. In particular, the efficacy of antiviral CD8+ T cells responses in the elderly has come back into focus since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to alterations in T cell function and the origin of the observed impairments have not been fully explored. Therefore, we investigated whether intrinsic changes affect the cytotoxic ability of CD8+ T cells in aging. We focused on the different subpopulations and time‐resolved quantification of cytotoxicity during tumor cell elimination. We report a surprising result: Killing kinetics of CD8+ T cells from elderly mice are much faster than those of CD8+ T cells from adult mice. This is true not only in the total CD8+ T cell population but also for their effector (TEM) and central memory (TCM) T cell subpopulations. TIRF experiments reveal that CD8+ T cells from elderly mice possess comparable numbers of fusion events per cell, but significantly increased numbers of cells with granule fusion. Analysis of the cytotoxic granule (CG) content shows significantly increased perforin and granzyme levels and turns CD8+ T cells of elderly mice into very efficient killers. This highlights the importance of distinguishing between cell‐intrinsic alterations and microenvironmental changes in elderly individuals. Our results also stress the importance of analyzing the dynamics of CTL cytotoxicity against cancer cells because, with a simple endpoint lysis analysis, cytotoxic differences could have easily been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Zöphel
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Angenendt
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea Kaschek
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chantal Hof
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Janku
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Annette Lis
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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41
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Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. Considerations of CD8+ T Cells for Optimized Vaccine Strategies Against Respiratory Viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918611. [PMID: 35774782 PMCID: PMC9237416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of vaccines that protect against respiratory viruses appears to be the induction of neutralizing antibodies for a long period. Although this goal need not be changed, recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have drawn strong attention to another arm of acquired immunity, CD8+ T cells, which are also called killer T cells. Recent evidence accumulated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed that even variants of SARS-CoV-2 that escaped from neutralizing-antibodies that were induced by either infection or vaccination could not escape from CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. In addition, although traditional vaccine platforms, such as inactivated virus and subunit vaccines, are less efficient in inducing CD8+ T cells, newly introduced platforms for SARS-CoV-2, namely, mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, can induce strong CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity in addition to inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, CD8+ T cells function locally and need to be at the site of infection to control it. To fully utilize the protective performance of CD8+ T cells, it would be insufficient to induce only memory cells circulating in blood, using injectable vaccines; mucosal immunization could be required to set up CD8+ T cells for the optimal protection. CD8+ T cells might also contribute to the pathology of the infection, change their function with age and respond differently to booster vaccines in comparison with antibodies. Herein, we overview cutting-edge ideas on CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity that can enable the rational design of vaccines for respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hirai
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshiro Hirai,
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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42
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Jergović M, Uhrlaub JL, Watanabe M, Bradshaw CM, White LM, LaFleur BJ, Edwards T, Sprissler R, Worobey M, Bhattacharya D, Nikolich-Žugich J. Competent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults following two doses of mRNA vaccination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2891. [PMID: 35610270 PMCID: PMC9130515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a reduced magnitude of primary immune responses to vaccination. mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown efficacy in older adults but virus variant escape is still unclear. Here we analyze humoral and cellular immunity against an early-pandemic viral isolate and compare that to the P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants in two cohorts (<50 and >55 age) of mRNA vaccine recipients. We further measure neutralizing antibody titers for B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.595, with the latter SARS-CoV-2 isolate bearing the spike mutation E484Q. Robust humoral immunity is measured following second vaccination, and older vaccinees manifest cellular immunity comparable to the adult group against early-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and more recent variants. More specifically, the older cohort has lower neutralizing capacity at 7-14 days following the second dose but equilibrates with the younger cohort after 2-3 months. While long-term vaccination responses remain to be determined, our results implicate vaccine-induced protection in older adults against SARS-CoV-2 variants and inform thinking about boost vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christine M Bradshaw
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa M White
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Taylor Edwards
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Sprissler
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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43
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Capelle CM, Ciré S, Domingues O, Ernens I, Hedin F, Fischer A, Snoeck CJ, Ammerlaan W, Konstantinou M, Grzyb K, Skupin A, Carty CL, Hilger C, Gilson G, Celebic A, Wilmes P, Del Sol A, Kaplan IM, Betsou F, Abdelrahman T, Cosma A, Vaillant M, Fagherazzi G, Ollert M, Hefeng FQ. Combinatorial analysis reveals highly coordinated early-stage immune reactions that predict later antiviral immunity in mild COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100600. [PMID: 35480624 PMCID: PMC8960124 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While immunopathology has been widely studied in patients with severe COVID-19, immune responses in non-hospitalized patients have remained largely elusive. We systematically analyze 484 peripheral cellular or soluble immune features in a longitudinal cohort of 63 mild and 15 hospitalized patients versus 14 asymptomatic and 26 household controls. We observe a transient increase of IP10/CXCL10 and interferon-β levels, coordinated responses of dominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and fewer CD8 T cells, and various antigen-presenting and antibody-secreting cells in mild patients within 3 days of PCR diagnosis. The frequency of key innate immune cells and their functional marker expression are impaired in hospitalized patients at day 1 of inclusion. T cell and dendritic cell responses at day 1 are highly predictive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after 3 weeks in mild but not hospitalized patients. Our systematic analysis reveals a combinatorial picture and trajectory of various arms of the highly coordinated early-stage immune responses in mild COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe M Capelle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Séverine Ciré
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Isabelle Ernens
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fanny Hedin
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Wim Ammerlaan
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Konstantinou
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Department of Neuroscience, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Georges Gilson
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Aljosa Celebic
- Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Competence Centre for Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg; CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Antonio Cosma
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Competence Centre for Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Feng Q Hefeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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44
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Fahrner JE, Lahmar I, Goubet AG, Haddad Y, Carrier A, Mazzenga M, Drubay D, Alves Costa Silva C, de Sousa E, Thelemaque C, Melenotte C, Dubuisson A, Geraud A, Ferrere G, Birebent R, Bigenwald C, Picard M, Cerbone L, Lérias JR, Laparra A, Bernard-Tessier A, Kloeckner B, Gazzano M, Danlos FX, Terrisse S, Pizzato E, Flament C, Ly P, Tartour E, Benhamouda N, Meziani L, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Miyara M, Gorochov G, Barlesi F, Trubert A, Ungar B, Estrada Y, Pradon C, Gallois E, Pommeret F, Colomba E, Lavaud P, Deloger M, Droin N, Deutsch E, Gachot B, Spano JP, Merad M, Scotté F, Marabelle A, Griscelli F, Blay JY, Soria JC, Merad M, André F, Villemonteix J, Chevalier MF, Caillat-Zucman S, Fenollar F, Guttman-Yassky E, Launay O, Kroemer G, La Scola B, Maeurer M, Derosa L, Zitvogel L. The Polarity and Specificity of Antiviral T Lymphocyte Responses Determine Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cancer and Healthy Individuals. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:958-983. [PMID: 35179201 PMCID: PMC9394394 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on the in-depth understanding of protective immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We characterized the polarity and specificity of memory T cells directed against SARS-CoV-2 viral lysates and peptides to determine correlates with spontaneous, virus-elicited, or vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in disease-free and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between type 1 and 2 cytokine release was associated with high susceptibility to COVID-19. Individuals susceptible to infection exhibited a specific deficit in the T helper 1/T cytotoxic 1 (Th1/Tc1) peptide repertoire affecting the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S1-RBD), a hotspot of viral mutations. Current vaccines triggered Th1/Tc1 responses in only a fraction of all subject categories, more effectively against the original sequence of S1-RBD than that from viral variants. We speculate that the next generation of vaccines should elicit Th1/Tc1 T-cell responses against the S1-RBD domain of emerging viral variants. SIGNIFICANCE This study prospectively analyzed virus-specific T-cell correlates of protection against COVID-19 in healthy and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between Th1/Th2 recall responses conferred susceptibility to COVID-19 in both populations, coinciding with selective defects in Th1 recognition of the receptor binding domain of spike. See related commentary by McGary and Vardhana, p. 892. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eudes Fahrner
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Transgene S.A., Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Imran Lahmar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yacine Haddad
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Agathe Carrier
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Mazzenga
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Drubay
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Carolina Alves Costa Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lyon COVID Study Group
- Open Innovation & Partnerships (OIP), bioMérieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France. R&D – Immunoassay, bioMérieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Civils Hospices of Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France.,International Center of Research in Infectiology, Lyon University, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, ENS, UCBL, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cassandra Thelemaque
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Marseille, France
| | - Agathe Dubuisson
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Arthur Geraud
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gladys Ferrere
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Roxanne Birebent
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Bigenwald
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Picard
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Luigi Cerbone
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Joana R. Lérias
- ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ariane Laparra
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alice Bernard-Tessier
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoît Kloeckner
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marianne Gazzano
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Xavier Danlos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Safae Terrisse
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eugenie Pizzato
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Flament
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Ly
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Center of clinical investigations BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Center of clinical investigations BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Makoto Miyara
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Trubert
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Center of Excellence in Eczema Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Pradon
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques, ET-EXTRA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gallois
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Service de Biochimie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fanny Pommeret
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emeline Colomba
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Deloger
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Service de Microbiologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Gustave Roussy, Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Plateforme de génomique, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1030, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Gachot
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Mansouria Merad
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florian Scotté
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Service de Médecine aigue d’Urgence en Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département Interdisciplinaire d'Organisation des Parcours Patients, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Service de Biochimie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale – UMR935/UA9, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, Université de Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.,Unicancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fabrice André
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Villemonteix
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu F. Chevalier
- INSERM UMR 976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditérranée Infection, VITROME, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Center of Excellence in Eczema Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Odile Launay
- Université de Paris, Inserm CIC 1417, I-Reivac, APHP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal.,Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Center of clinical investigations BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Corresponding Author: Laurence Zitvogel, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif Cedex 94805, France. Phone: 331-4211-5041; E-mail:
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45
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Abstract
While investigating sex-differences in T-cell aging, Mkhikian et al., identified a role for excessive IL-7 signaling and N-glycan branching in age-related mouse and human female T-cell dysfunction. These findings point to the increasingly-recognized importance of the impact of biological sex on immune aging and delineate new targetable pathways in age-related immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J McGill
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Hester AK, Semwal MK, Cepeda S, Xiao Y, Rueda M, Wimberly K, Venables T, Dileepan T, Kraig E, Griffith AV. Redox regulation of age-associated defects in generation and maintenance of T cell self-tolerance and immunity to foreign antigens. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110363. [PMID: 35172147 PMCID: PMC8898380 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic atrophy reduces naive T cell production and contributes to increased susceptibility to viral infection with age. Expression of tissue-restricted antigen (TRA) genes also declines with age and has been thought to increase autoimmune disease susceptibility. We find that diminished expression of a model TRA gene in aged thymic stromal cells correlates with impaired clonal deletion of cognate T cells recognizing an autoantigen involved in atherosclerosis. Clonal deletion in the polyclonal thymocyte population is also perturbed. Distinct age-associated defects in the generation of antigen-specific T cells include a conspicuous decline in generation of T cells recognizing an immunodominant influenza epitope. Increased catalase activity delays thymic atrophy, and here, we show that it mitigates declining production of influenza-specific T cells and their frequency in lung after infection, but does not reverse declines in TRA expression or efficient negative selection. These results reveal important considerations for strategies to restore thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Hester
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manpreet K Semwal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sergio Cepeda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Meghan Rueda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kymberly Wimberly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellen Kraig
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ann V Griffith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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47
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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48
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Silvestro M, Tessitore A, Orologio I, Sozio P, Napolitano G, Siciliano M, Tedeschi G, Russo A. Headache Worsening after COVID-19 Vaccination: An Online Questionnaire-Based Study on 841 Patients with Migraine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245914. [PMID: 34945208 PMCID: PMC8708794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have represented the breakthrough in the fight against COVID-19. Based on reported headache attacks after vaccination in randomized controlled trials, we focused on the effects of COVID-19 vaccine administration on the migraine population, using an online questionnaire published on Italian Facebook groups oriented to headache patients. We collected data about the demographics and clinical parameters of migraine severity, COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and characteristics of headaches following vaccination. Out of 841 migraine patients filling in the questionnaire, 66.47% and 60.15% patients experienced a headache attack (from 1 hour to 7 days) after the first and the second vaccine dose, respectively. The main finding concerns headaches perceived by 57.60% of patients: attacks following vaccination were referred to as more severe (50.62% of patients), long-lasting (52.80% of patients) and hardwearing (49.69% of patients) compared to the usually experienced migraine attacks. This could be related to the production of inflammatory mediators such as type Iβ interferon. Considering the high prevalence of migraine in the general population, awareness of the possibility of headaches worsening following COVID-19 vaccination in these patients may allow both patients and clinicians to face this clinical entity with conscious serenity, and to reduce the waste of resources towards inappropriate health-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Silvestro
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Ilaria Orologio
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Pasquale Sozio
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Napolitano
- Intensity Care Unit, Department of Emergency and Acceptance “Antonio Cardarelli” Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mattia Siciliano
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.); (I.O.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665119
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49
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Mehta PH, Fiorenza S, Koldej RM, Jaworowski A, Ritchie DS, Quinn KM. T Cell Fitness and Autologous CAR T Cell Therapy in Haematologic Malignancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780442. [PMID: 34899742 PMCID: PMC8658247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer aim to induce or augment endogenous T cell responses. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (CTT) is one such approach that utilises the patient’s own T cells, engineered ex vivo to target cell surface antigens, to eliminate haematological malignancies. Despite mediating high rates of responses in some clinical trials, this approach can be limited by dysfunctional T cells if they are present at high frequencies either in the starting material from the patient or the CAR T cell product. The fitness of an individual’s T cells, driven by age, chronic infection, disease burden and cancer treatment, is therefore likely to be a crucial limiting factor of CTT. Currently, T cell dysfunction and its impact on CTT is not specifically quantified when patients are considering the therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of T cell fitness for CTT, how fitness may be impacted by age, chronic infection, malignancy, and treatment. Finally, we explore options to specifically tailor clinical decision-making and the CTT protocol for patients with more extensive dysfunction to improve treatment efficacy. A greater understanding of T cell fitness throughout a patient’s treatment course could ultimately be used to identify patients likely to achieve favourable CTT outcomes and improve methods for T cell collection and CTT delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak H Mehta
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Salvatore Fiorenza
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rachel M Koldej
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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50
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Turke PW. Five reasons COVID-19 is less severe in younger age-groups. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:113-117. [PMID: 34853694 PMCID: PMC7799091 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is age-related, with the advantage going to younger age-groups. Five reasons are presented. The first two are well-known, are being actively researched by the broader medical community, and therefore are discussed only briefly here. The third, fourth and fifth reasons derive from evolutionary life history theory, and potentially fill gaps in current understanding of why and how young and old age-groups respond differently to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Age of onset of generalized somatic aging and the timing of its progression are identified as important causes of these disparities, as are specific antagonistic pleiotropic tradeoffs in immune system function. Lay Summary: Covid-19 is less severe in younger age-groups than it is in older age-groups. Five advantages of youth are identified and explained in light of evolutionary life history theory, with a focus on the pattern of aging and specific tradeoffs between early and late immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Turke
- Turke & Thomashow Pediatrics, 7444 Dexter-Ann Arbor Rd, Dexter, MI 48130, USA
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