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Kang HS, Ali MS, Na SH, Moon BY, Kim JI, Hwang YJ, Yoon SS, Park SC, Lim SK. Nationwide surveillance and characterization of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from chickens in South Korea between 2010 and 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37124. [PMID: 39319126 PMCID: PMC11419902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Salmonella conferring resistance to third-generation cephalosporin has emerged as a global public health concern. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis. In total, 409 S. Infatis isolates were collected from the feces and carcasses of healthy and diseased food animals, including chickens (n = 348), pigs (n = 48), cattle (n = 8), and ducks (n = 5) between 2010 and 2022 nationwide in South Korea. Among them, 61.9 % (253/409) of S. Infantis strains displayed resistance to ceftiofur, with the most resistant isolates obtained from chickens (98.4 %, 249/253). Moreover, S. Infantis isolates showed high resistance (47.7-67.2 %) to streptomycin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, the multidrug resistance (MDR) was significantly greater in the ceftiofur-resistant isolates compared to the ceftiofur-susceptible isolates (p < 0.05). All the ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis strains produced CTX-M/CMY-2 β-lactamase enzymes, with bla CTX-M-65 comprising the most (98.4 %, 249/253), followed by bla CTX-M-15 (1.2 %, 3/253), and bla CMY-2 (0.4 %, 1/253). The ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis belonged to 37 different pulsotypes, with X1A1 (26.1 %, 66/253), X1A2 (20.9 %, 53/253), and X5A3 (9.1 %) being the most prevalent, representing a total of 56.1 % (142/253). Furthermore, the S. Infantis sequence type (ST)32 was the most common, accounting for 91.9 % (34/37) of the three distinct STs (ST32, ST16, and ST11) detected across farms located in various provinces nationwide. Most of the bla CMX-M-65 genes (77.5 %, 193/249), all of the bla CTX-M-15 genes (100 %, 3/3), and the bla CMY-2 gene (100 %, 1/1) were transferred to the recipient E. coli RG488 by conjugation. In addition, the majority of the transconjugants (98.9 %, 191/193) containing bla CTX-M-65 genes belong to the IncFIB replicon type, playing an important role in the quick and widespread dissemination of S. Infantis. Thus, ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis carrying the β-lactamase genes in chickens has the potential to be transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seung Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Na
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Hwang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Saddam, Jamal M, Rahman SU, Khan M, Qadeer A, Mahmoud MH. Genomic diversity and nutritional analysis of multi-drug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase Producing- Klebsiella pneumoniae genes isolated from mastitic cattle milk in district peshawar, Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35876. [PMID: 39170179 PMCID: PMC11337036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of resistance extended spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumonia become worldwide issue. The current study aimed to determine the genomic diversity of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in milk samples collected from cows with mastitis as well as their antibiotic sensitivity profiles and genetic identification in Peshawar, Pakistan. The california mastitis test (CMT) was initially used to verify the presence for mastitis in 700 collected milk samples. The molecular identification of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed 120/700 (17.14 %) propagation of K. pneumonia. Out of these isolates MDR ESBL-producing isolates were 60/120 (50 %). The lactose were found (M = 3.96 ± 0.28, SD = 2.19), followed by fats (M = 3.12 ± 0.11, SD = 0.90), protein (M = 5.97 ± 0.24, SD = 1.84), sodium (M = 55.74 ± 2.07, SD = 15.81), potassium (M = 138.5 ± 1.53, SD = 11.71), chloride (M = 0.74 ± 0.03, SD = 0.24), calcium (M = 10.27 ± 0.31, SD = 2.42), and chlorine (M = 2.80 ± 0.22, SD = 1.70), respectively. Amikacin (80 %), ceftazidime (71 %), and tetracycline (71 %) were shown to be the most effective antimicrobials against all of the isolates. The occurrence of the blaSHV gene was observed at 56.00 % whereas the blaTEM gene and blaCTX-M gene were 36.00 %, and 30.00 %. The distribution of blaCTX-M subgroup genes was followed by blaCTX-M-1 (38.00 %), blaCTX-M-9 (22.20 %), and blaCTX-M-15 (61.10 %). Co-occurrence of blaCTX-M+ blaSHV was (15.00 %), blaCTX-M+ blaTEM were (6.60 %), and blaSHV + blaTEM were (10.00 %), respectively. The inappropriate, prolonged and common use of antibiotics may apply selective pressure for propagation and the occurrence of resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Massé J, Lardé H, Archambault M, Francoz D, Roy JP, Donoso PV, Dufour S. Conventional and unsupervised artificial intelligence analyses identified risk factors for antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms in the province of Québec, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01059-2. [PMID: 39122153 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health worldwide and is threatening not only humans, but also animal production systems, including dairy farms. The objective of this paper was to describe risks factors associated with AMR on dairy farms in Québec, Canada. This observational cross-sectional study included 101 commercial dairy farms and took place between the springs of 2017 and 2018 for a one-year period. We explored risk factors such as farm practices and producer's knowledge (measured using a questionnaire), antimicrobial use (quantified using veterinary invoices), and the presence of Salmonella Dublin (tested by serology). We evaluated AMR with fecal Escherichia coli retrieved from pre-weaned calves and lactating cows using the following outcomes: the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase/AmpC resistance and the number of resistances to antimicrobial classes. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between each risk factor and the 2 outcomes for the 2 types of samples (pre-weaned calves and lactating cows). Furthermore, we explored the relationships between these risk factors utilizing data dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering. Outputs of these analyses were used as regressors for AMR in regression models. While the results for univariate analyses were ambiguous, the unsupervised analysis naturally categorized the sample of farms according to their health/treatment status (dimension 1, explaining 12.9% of the variance) and herd size (dimension 2, explaining 7.8%). Three clusters of farms were identified (cluster 1: mainly healthy herds and low ceftiofur users, cluster 2: relatively high ceftiofur users, cluster 3: farms with a higher incidence of diseases and higher antimicrobial treatment rates). Dimension 1 and cluster membership were statistically associated with the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase/AmpC resistance in lactating cows and in pre-weaned calves. Dimension 1 was also statistically associated with the number of resistances in lactating cows and in pre-weaned calves. This study highlights the complexity of analyzing risk factors associated with AMR. Our results suggest that the herd health status and the AMU-related practices used are associated with AMR in dairy farms. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm a causal relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Hélène Lardé
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - David Francoz
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Pablo Valdes Donoso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada..
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Ortiz Y, Cerino B, Moreno M, Yañez E, Heredia N, Dávila-Aviña J, Quezada T, Calle A, García S. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with Multidrug Resistance in Cattle from Mexico. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100257. [PMID: 38423360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mexico is an important producer/exporter of cattle and cattle products. In the last decade, an increase in antibiotic resistance in E. coli pathotype strains from livestock environments has been reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of E. coli pathotype strains from the feces of beef or dairy cattle reared in the states of Aguascalientes (AG, central) and Nuevo Leon (NL, northeastern) in Mexico. One hundred and ten fecal samples were collected (beef cattle-AG = 30; dairy cattle-AG = 20; beef cattle-NL = 30; dairy cattle-NL = 30). From these, E. coli was isolated using selective/differential media and confirmed on chromogenic media. Multiplex PCR was used to identify diarrheagenic E. coli, and the Kirby-Bauer technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities. All the animals harbored E. coli, and pathotypes were found in 34 animals from both, beef and dairy cattle, mainly from Aguascalientes. Of the positive samples, 31 harbored a single E. coli pathotype, whereas three samples harbored two different pathotypes; EHEC was the most prevalent, followed by EPEC, ETEC, and EIEC or the combination of two of them in some samples. Most pathotype strains (19/37) were isolated from beef cattle. Neither the animals' productive purpose (beef or dairy cattle) (r = 0.155) nor the geographic regions (Aguascalientes or Nuevo Leon) (r = -0.066) had a strong positive correlation with the number of E. coli pathotype strains. However, animals reared in Aguascalientes had up to 8.5-fold higher risk of harboring E. coli pathotype strains than those reared in Nuevo Leon. All pathotype strains were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and all dairy cattle pathotype strains were further resistant to five β-lactams (χ2, P = 0.017). The existence of these pathotypes and multidrug-resistant pathogens in the food chain is a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaraymi Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Brenda Cerino
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Moreno
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Yañez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Norma Heredia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Jorge Dávila-Aviña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Teódulo Quezada
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, México 20100, Mexico
| | | | - Santos García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico.
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Rodríguez EC, Saavedra SY, Montaño LA, Sossa DP, Correa FP, Vaca JA, Duarte C. Characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamases in Colombian clinical isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica between 1997 and 2022. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:374-384. [PMID: 37871566 PMCID: PMC10637434 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella spp. is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans through contaminated water or food. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is a growing public health problem because these enzymes are resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. Objective. To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Salmonella spp. isolates received by the acute diarrheal disease/foodborne disease surveillance program of the Grupo de Microbiología of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Materials and methods. A total of 444 Salmonella spp. isolates, resistant to at least one of the cephalosporins, were obtained between January 1997 and June 2022. The extendedspectrum β-lactamases phenotype was identified by the double disk test. DNA extraction was carried out by the boiling method, and the blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes were amplified by PCR. Results. All the isolates were positive for the extended-spectrum β-lactamases test. The genes identified were: blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=200), blaCTX-M (n=177), blaSHV (n=16), blaSHV + blaCTX-M (n=6), blaTEM (n=13) and blaSHV + blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=3). Twenty-six isolates were negative for the evaluated genes. Positive extended-spectrum β-lactamases isolates were identified in Bogotá and 21 departments: Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Bolívar, Casanare, Cesar, Córdoba, Quindío, Atlántico, Tolima, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Boyacá, Caldas, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Antioquia, Nariño, Santander y Valle del Cauca. Conclusion. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Salmonella spp. isolates was mainly caused by blaCTX-M. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44 %; 197/444). The most frequent extended-spectrum β-lactamases-expressing serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Duarte
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Dey TK, Lindahl JF, Lundkvist Å, Grace D, Deka RP, Shome R, Bandyopadhyay S, Goyal NK, Sharma G, Shome BR. Analyses of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, Metallo-β-Lactamase, and AmpC-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Dairy Value Chain in India. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1449. [PMID: 37760745 PMCID: PMC10650101 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were blaCMY, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaEBC, and blaDHA, associated with AmpC production. Additionally, blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected as ESBL producers, while blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaSIM, and blaGIM were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumar Dey
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Johanna Frida Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Delia Grace
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Ram Pratim Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for South Asia, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Samiran Bandyopadhyay
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Goyal
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Kierpiec K, Szczerba K, Wieczorek R. Can bacteria F. nucleatum be actively involved in colon cancer progression via a radical mediated mechanism? J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112307. [PMID: 37406386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a cancer‑leading bacteria, are considered as the factors responsible for its pathogenicity. Among them, homotrimeric autotransporter protein YadA (Yersinia adhesin A) is an important virulence factor also found in the outer membrane of pathogenic Yersinia species. In this paper, the structure and stability of certain Cu(II) complexes with YadA fragments were investigated using both, experimental and theoretical methods. Potentiometry, UV-Vis, CD, EPR, and calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level were applied to determine the metal ion coordination sphere. Moreover, the complexes ability to DNA cleavage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was studied. We have shown that copper(II) complexes can cleave DNA by 1O2, O2•- and •OH, which are formed in the studied systems. However, the results of electrophoretic experiments revealed that complexes cleave DNA less effectively than free copper(II) ions. Therefore, the presence of studied peptides may prevent DNA from a Cu(II)-induced damage to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kierpiec
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Szczerba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zaatout N, Al-Mustapha AI, Bouaziz A, Ouchene R, Heikinheimo A. Prevalence of AmpC, ESBL, and colistin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolated from ready-to-eat food in Algeria. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2205-2218. [PMID: 37526891 PMCID: PMC10484844 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria present in ready-to-eat foods is an emerging concern. Hence, this study investigated the presence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and the dissemination of mcr-1 in ESBL-E from ready-to-eat food samples (RTE) in Algeria. RTE food samples (n = 204) were aseptically collected and selectively cultured using MacConkey agar. The isolates were screened for ESBL production using the DDST test, confirmed ESBL-E isolates were identified using different conventional methods and MALDI-TOF MS, antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, ESBL-E isolates were analyzed for colistin and ESBL/AmpC encoding genes by PCR, and food samples were analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression. Overall, 48 (17.4%) of the 276 Enterobacterales were confirmed as ESBL producers, with a high prevalence in soups (40%), salads (25%), and cream-filled pastries (23.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the ESBL-E isolates were found multi-drug resistant. PCR revealed that blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV were the most frequently detected. blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-1 were the predominant CTX-M types. Furthermore, four isolates were positive for mcr-1; three of them harbored the colistin resistance gene and ESBL/AmpC genes (2 E. cloacae and 1 S. enterica). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that detects the presence of the mcr-1 gene in ESBL-E strains isolated from RTE foods in Algeria. These findings suggest an urgent need for strict policies that prevent the spread and transmission of ESBL-E in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Zaatout
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 05000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ahmad I Al-Mustapha
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, State, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Services, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Amira Bouaziz
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 05000, Batna, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Batna, Algeria
| | - Rima Ouchene
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Ratti G, Facchin A, Stranieri A, Giordano A, Paltrinieri S, Scarpa P, Maragno D, Gazzonis A, Penati M, Luzzago C, Dall’Ara P, Lauzi S. Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Pet and Stray Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1249. [PMID: 37627669 PMCID: PMC10451524 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs have been reported as potential carriers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, but the role of cats has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the risk factors associated with the fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in pet and stray cats. Fecal samples were collected between 2020 and 2022 from healthy and unhealthy cats and screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli using selective media. The presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli was confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. The evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was performed on positive isolates. Host and hospitalization data were analyzed to identify risk factors. A total of 97 cats' samples were collected, and ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were detected in 6/97 (6.2%), supported by the detection of blaCTX-M (100%), blaTEM (83.3%), and blaSHV (16.7%) genes and the overexpression of chromosomal ampC (1%). All E. coli isolates were categorized as multidrug-resistant. Unhealthy status and previous antibiotic therapy were significantly associated with ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli fecal carriage. Our results suggest that cats may be carriers of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine and an antimicrobial-resistance surveillance program focusing on companion animals, including stray cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Facchin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Scarpa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Deborah Maragno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Gazzonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases (MiLab), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Luzzago
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
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10
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Harding-Crooks R, Smith D, Fanning S, Fox EM. Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated resistance determinants through global food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2706-2727. [PMID: 37083194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are a critical component of modern healthcare systems, fulfilling a core function in patient care and improving individual patient outcomes and consequently overall public health. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial interventions is being consistently eroded by the emergence and dissemination of various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. One highly valued class of antimicrobial compounds is carbapenems, which retain efficacy in treating most multidrug-resistant infections and are considered "last line" agents. Therefore, recent trends in proliferation of carbapenem resistance (CR) via dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family pose a significant threat to public health. While much of the focus relating to this has been on nosocomial environments, community-acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections and their associated transmission routes are less well studied. Among these community-associated vectors, the role of food chains and contaminated foods is important, since Enterobacteriaceae occupy niches within these settings. This review examines foodborne CPE transmission by exploring how interactions within and between food, the food chain, and agriculture not only promote and disseminate CPE, but also create reservoirs of mobile genetic elements that may lead to further carbapenemase gene proliferation both within and between microbial communities. Additionally, recent developments regarding the global occurrence and molecular epidemiology of CPEs in food chains will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Breen MJ, Williams DR, Abdelfattah EM, Karle BM, Byrne BA, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effect of Group Housing of Preweaned Dairy Calves: Health and Fecal Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1019. [PMID: 37370338 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of group housing (three calves per group) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD), diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to fecal commensal Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci/streptococci (ES). Our study comprised two arms, one experimental and one observational. In the experimental arm, preweaned calves on a California dairy were randomized to either individual (IND; n = 21) or group (GRP; n = 21) housing, using a modified California-style wooden hutch. The study period lasted from birth to 56 days of age, during which calves were health scored daily. Cumulative incidence and hazard ratios were estimated for disease. Antimicrobial resistance outcomes were assessed using a prospective cohort design; feces were collected from each calf three times per week and EC and ES were evaluated for AMR using the broth microdilution method against a panel of 19 antimicrobial drugs (AMD). Analysis of treatment records was used to select calves that had been exposed (EXP) to an AMD-treated calf. In GRP, exposure occurred when a calf was a hutchmate with an AMD-treated calf. In IND, exposure occurred when a calf was a neighbor with an AMD-treated calf (TRT). Age-matched unexposed calves (UNEXP) were then selected for comparison. Proportions of AMR in fecal commensals among EXP, UNEXP, and TRT calves were compared between GRP and IND. Accelerated failure time survival regression models were specified to compare differences in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal commensals between EXP and UNEXP calves within each of GRP and IND calves separately. Group calves had a BRD hazard 1.94 times greater that of IND calves (p = 0.03), using BRD treatment records as the outcome. For AMR in EC isolates, higher resistance to enrofloxacin was detected in enrofloxacin-EXP GRP isolates compared with enrofloxacin-EXP IND isolates, and UNEXP GRP calves had lower resistance to ceftiofur compared with enrofloxacin-EXP and enrofloxacin-TRT calves. A significant housing-by-time interaction was detected for EC ceftiofur MIC in EXP GRP calves at 4-14 days post exposure to enrofloxacin (MIC EXP-UNEXP: µg/mL (95% CI): 10.62 (1.17, 20.07)), compared with UNEXP calves. The findings of this study show an increase in BRD hazard for group-housed calves and an increase in ceftiofur resistance in group-housed calves exposed to an enrofloxacin-treated calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Breen
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Deniece R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Essam M Abdelfattah
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Betsy M Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Terry W Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Yasmeen N, Aslam B, Fang LX, Baloch Z, Liu Y. Occurrence of extended- spectrum β-lactamase harboring K. pneumoniae in various sources: a one health perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1103319. [PMID: 37287469 PMCID: PMC10242356 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the occurrence and dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae in various ecological niches under the one health approach. A total of 793 samples were collected from animals, humans, and the environment. The findings of the study revealed the occurrence of K. pneumoniae as follows: animals (11.6%), humans (8.4%), and associated environments (7.0%), respectively. A high occurrence rate of ESBL genes was found in animals compared to human and environmental isolates. A total of 18 distinct sequence types (STs) and 12 clonal complexes of K. pneumoniae were observed. Overall, six STs of K. pneumoniae were identified in commercial chickens, and three were found in rural poultry. The majority of K. pneumoniae STs found in this study were positive for blaSHV, while the positivity of other ESBL-encoding genes combinations was different in different STs. The high occurrence rate of ESBL-harboring K. pneumoniae found in animals as compared to other sources is alarming and has the potential to be disseminated to the associated environment and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Yasmeen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Coque TM, Cantón R, Pérez-Cobas AE, Fernández-de-Bobadilla MD, Baquero F. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Global Health Network: Known Unknowns and Challenges for Efficient Responses in the 21st Century. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1050. [PMID: 37110473 PMCID: PMC10144039 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the Global Health challenges of the 21st century. The inclusion of AMR on the global map parallels the scientific, technological, and organizational progress of the healthcare system and the socioeconomic changes of the last 100 years. Available knowledge about AMR has mostly come from large healthcare institutions in high-income countries and is scattered in studies across various fields, focused on patient safety (infectious diseases), transmission pathways and pathogen reservoirs (molecular epidemiology), the extent of the problem at a population level (public health), their management and cost (health economics), cultural issues (community psychology), and events associated with historical periods (history of science). However, there is little dialogue between the aspects that facilitate the development, spread, and evolution of AMR and various stakeholders (patients, clinicians, public health professionals, scientists, economic sectors, and funding agencies). This study consists of four complementary sections. The first reviews the socioeconomic factors that have contributed to building the current Global Healthcare system, the scientific framework in which AMR has traditionally been approached in such a system, and the novel scientific and organizational challenges of approaching AMR in the fourth globalization scenario. The second discusses the need to reframe AMR in the current public health and global health contexts. Given that the implementation of policies and guidelines are greatly influenced by AMR information from surveillance systems, in the third section, we review the unit of analysis ("the what" and "the who") and the indicators (the "operational units of surveillance") used in AMR and discuss the factors that affect the validity, reliability, and comparability of the information to be applied in various healthcare (primary, secondary, and tertiary), demographic, and economic contexts (local, regional, global, and inter-sectorial levels). Finally, we discuss the disparities and similarities between distinct stakeholders' objectives and the gaps and challenges of combatting AMR at various levels. In summary, this is a comprehensive but not exhaustive revision of the known unknowns about how to analyze the heterogeneities of hosts, microbes, and hospital patches, the role of surrounding ecosystems, and the challenges they represent for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection control programs, which are the traditional cornerstones for controlling AMR in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M. Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel D. Fernández-de-Bobadilla
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Perestrelo S, Amaro A, Brouwer MSM, Clemente L, Ribeiro Duarte AS, Kaesbohrer A, Karpíšková R, Lopez-Chavarrias V, Morris D, Prendergast D, Pista A, Silveira L, Skarżyńska M, Slowey R, Veldman KT, Zając M, Burgess C, Alvarez J. Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030552. [PMID: 36978419 PMCID: PMC10044432 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among the most important AMR pathogens, Escherichia coli resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) is a perfect example of the One Health problem due to its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources and its resistant phenotype, derived from the carriage of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases, which limits the choice of effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology of ESC-EC infection is complex as a result of the multiple possible sources involved in its transmission, and its study would require databases ideally comprising information from animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), human, and environmental sources. Here, we present the steps taken to assemble a database with phenotypic and genetic information on 10,763 ESC-EC isolates retrieved from multiple sources provided by 13 partners located in eight European countries, in the frame of the DiSCoVeR Joint Research project funded by the One Health European Joint Programme (OH-EJP), along with its strengths and limitations. This database represents a first step to help in the assessment of different geographical and temporal trends and transmission dynamics in animals and humans. The work performed highlights aspects that should be considered in future international efforts, such as the one presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perestrelo
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Micology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, National Reference for Animal Health, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michael S. M. Brouwer
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, 8221 Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Micology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, National Reference for Animal Health, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Karpíšková
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, 625 000 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Prendergast
- Backweston Laboratory Campus, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Angela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- Backweston Laboratory Campus, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Kees T. Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, 8221 Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Catherine Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Martins JCL, Pintor-Cora A, Alegría Á, Santos JA, Herrera-Arias F. Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. and report of an mcr-1 colistin-resistance Escherichia fergusonni strain from minced meat in Pamplona, Colombia. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110168. [PMID: 36931145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Foods of animal origin are increasingly considered a source of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria which can disseminate throughout the food chain and become a health concern for humans. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in 100 retail minced meat samples taken in markets in Pamplona, Colombia. A total of 19 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained, 18 identified as E. coli and one as E. fergusonii. Fifteen isolates (78.9 %) carried blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, one (5.2 %) blaSHV and blaTEM genes, one isolate (5.2 %) carried blaCTX-M and one (5.2 %) blaSHV alone. The majority of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene (13 isolates), being the blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-2, and blaCTX-M-8 (one isolate each) also detected. Two SHV-positive isolates presented the blaSHV-5 and blaSHV-12 allele. The isolate identified as E. fergusonii was positive for blaCTX-M-65 gene and mcr-1 gene. Sixteen isolates (84.2 %) belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and grouped together in the phylogenetic tree obtained by MLST; phylogroups E and F were also detected. Transfer of ESBL resistance was demonstrated for the E. fergusonii isolate. Whole genome sequencing of this isolate revealed the presence of plasmids carrying additional resistance genes. This investigation showed the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail samples of minced meat. Also, the isolation of a strain of E. fergusonii is an additional concern, as some resistance genes are located in mobile elements, which can be transmitted to other bacteria. These evidences support the increasing public health concern considering the spreading of resistance genes through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C L Martins
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Alberto Pintor-Cora
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Fanny Herrera-Arias
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia.
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16
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Buberg ML, Wasteson Y, Lindstedt BA, Witsø IL. In vitro digestion of ESC-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry meat and evaluation of human health risk. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1050143. [PMID: 36846779 PMCID: PMC9947789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a threat against human and animal health. Third and fourth generation cephalosporins have been defined as critically important antimicrobials by The World Health Organization. Exposure to Extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli may result in consumers becoming carriers if these bacteria colonize the human gut or their resistance genes spread to other bacteria in the gut microbiota. In the case that these resistant bacteria at later occasions cause disease, their resistance characteristics may lead to failure of treatment and increased mortality. We hypothesized that ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry can survive digestion and thereby cause infections and/or spread their respective resistance traits within the gastro-intestinal tract. Methods In this study, a selection of 31 ESC-resistant E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat was exposed to a static in vitro digestion model (INFOGEST). Their survival, alteration of colonizing characteristics in addition to conjugational abilities were investigated before and after digestion. Whole genome data from all isolates were screened through a custom-made virulence database of over 1100 genes for virulence- and colonizing factors. Results and discussion All isolates were able to survive digestion. Most of the isolates (24/31) were able to transfer their bla CMY2-containing plasmid to E. coli DH5-á, with a general decline in conjugation frequency of digested isolates compared to non-digested. Overall, the isolates showed a higher degree of cell adhesion than cell invasion, with a slight increase after digestion compared non-digested, except for three isolates that displayed a major increase of invasion. These isolates also harbored genes facilitating invasion. In the virulence-associated gene analysis two isolates were categorized as UPEC, and one isolate was considered a hybrid pathogen. Altogether the pathogenic potential of these isolates is highly dependent on the individual isolate and its characteristics. Poultry meat may represent a reservoir and be a vehicle for dissemination of potential human pathogens and resistance determinants, and the ESC-resistance may complicate treatment in the case of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørn Arne Lindstedt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,*Correspondence: Ingun Lund Witsø ✉
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Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Coharboring mcr-1 and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases from Poultry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8224883. [PMID: 36246985 PMCID: PMC9556198 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8224883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The emergence of resistance to beta-lactam agents in poultry results in multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry birds. The appearance of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in the poultry sector has further worsened the situation. Therefore, the current study is aimed at investigating the molecular epidemiology of mcr harboring colistin-resistant E. coli among poultry. Methods. The isolation and identification of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec) were done from the broiler’s fecal samples through culturing using selective media supplemented with colistin sulfate (4 μg/ml). The antibiogram studies of the isolates were performed using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method as per CLSI guidelines. The screening for the genes conferring resistance to colistin as well as beta-lactam agents was performed by PCR. The genetic diversity of mcr-positive strains was assessed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Results. Out of 500 fecal samples, 7% (35/500) were found positive for the presence of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec). Among the CR-Ec isolates, 74.28% (26/35) were detected as ESBL producers carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene in 15/35 (42.85%) isolates and blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM genes in 21/35 (60%) and 35/35 (100%) isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates were found positive for the presence of mcr-1, although none of the isolates exhibited the mcr-2 or mcr-3 genes. The MLST of CR-Ec has shown the ST1035 as the most prevalent genotype, while 82.85% (29/35) of CR-Ec strains belonged to clonal complex (CC) 131 comprising ST1035, ST131, ST1215, ST1650, and ST2279. Conclusions. The findings suggest a continuous monitoring system in veterinary and clinical settings to avoid unnecessary antibiotics. Further studies are needed at the national level to help control the increasing resistance among Enterobacterales in poultry settings.
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Obaidat MM, Gharaibeh WA. Sheep and goat milk in Jordan is a reservoir of multidrug resistant extended spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamases Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109834. [PMID: 35841807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited data is available on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended spectrum (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases Escherichia coli in sheep and goats in Jordan. This study determined the molecular prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli in 155 sheep and goat flocks across Jordan by testing 948 milk samples. The samples were enriched in MacConkey broth, and then plated on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime. The presence of ESBL and AmpC genes in the E. coli isolates was determined by PCR and the resistance toward critically important antimicrobials was tested by disc diffusion. In total, 1016 E. coli isolates were isolated from the cefotaxime supplemented MacConkey, 382 isolates harbored ESBL genes and 54 harbored blaCMY. The prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHVE. coli in the milk samples were 33.5 %, 31.7 %, 5.7 %. and 1.1 %, respectively. At the flock level, 30.3 % flocks had β-lactamase E. coli, specifically 25.2 %, 20.7 %, 5.2 % and 2.6 % had blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHV E. coli, respectively. About 52.2 % of the isolates harbored both blaCTX-M and blaTEM. A high percentage (>59 %) of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli resisted sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Overall, 93.5 % and 96.3 % of ESBL and AmpC E. coli were resistant to ≥1 another antimicrobial class and 44.5 % and 44.4 % were resistant to ≥3 another antimicrobial class, respectively. This study shows that sheep and goat milk is a reservoir of multidrug resistant ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases E. coli, thus good hygienic practices and judicious antimicrobials use are important in small ruminants' farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Wasan A Gharaibeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
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Paumier A, Asquier-Khati A, Thibaut S, Coeffic T, Lemenand O, Larramendy S, Leclère B, Caillon J, Boutoille D, Birgand G. Assessment of Factors Associated With Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections in France. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2232679. [PMID: 36129706 PMCID: PMC9494187 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a leading pathogen contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVE To better understand factors associated with the heterogeneity of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in France. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study performed from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was based on data collected via PRIMO (Surveillance and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes), a nationwide clinical laboratory surveillance system in France. Strains of E coli isolated from community urine samples from January 1 to December 31, 2019, from 59 administrative departments of metropolitan France were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to assess the associations between several ecological factors available on government and administration websites between 2010 and 2020 (demographic population structure, living conditions, baseline health care services, antibiotic consumptions, economic indicators, animal farming density, and environmental characteristics) and the number of ESBL-producing E coli strains isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI in 2019. RESULTS Among 444 281 E coli isolates from urine samples tested in 1013 laboratories, the mean prevalence of ESBL-producing E coli was 3.0% (range, 1.4%-8.8%). In an adjusted model, the number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs in each department was positively associated with the percentage of children younger than 5 years (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.112 [95% CI, 0.040-0.185]; P = .004), overcrowded households (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.049 [95% CI, 0.034 to 0.062]; P < .001), consumption of fluoroquinolones (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.002 [95% CI, 0.001-0.002]; P < .001), and tetracyclines (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.0002 [0.00004 to 0.00039]; P = .02), and poultry density (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.0001 [95% CI, 0.0001-0.0002]; P < .001). The social deprivation index (adjusted β1 coefficient, -0.115 [95% CI, -0.165 to -0.064]; P < .001) and the proportion of water surface area (adjusted β1 coefficient, -0.052 [-0.081 to -0.024]; P = .001) were negatively associated with a higher number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that multiple human health, animal health, and environmental factors are associated with the occurence of community-acquired ESBL E coli UTI. Strategies to mitigate ESBL in the community should follow the One Health approach and address the role played by fluoroquinolones, tetracycline use, poultry density, overcrowded households, and preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Paumier
- Centre d’Appui à la Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Asquier-Khati
- Centre d’Appui à la Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sonia Thibaut
- French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Coeffic
- French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Lemenand
- French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Larramendy
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Brice Leclère
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes and Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1413, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Caillon
- French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
| | - David Boutoille
- Department of Medical Evaluation and Epidemiology, CHU Nantes, Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Gabriel Birgand
- Centre d’Appui à la Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
- French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU–Le Tourville, Nantes, France
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Cárdenas-Rey I, Bello Gonzalez TDJ, van der Goot J, Ceccarelli D, Bouwhuis G, Schillemans D, Jurburg SD, Veldman KT, de Visser JAGM, Brouwer MSM. Succession in the caecal microbiota of developing broilers colonised by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:51. [PMID: 35986389 PMCID: PMC9389726 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Broilers are among the most common and dense poultry production systems, where antimicrobials have been used extensively to promote animal health and performance. The continuous usage of antimicrobials has contributed to the appearance of resistant bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec). Here, we studied the ESBL-Ec prevalence and successional dynamics of the caecal microbiota of developing broilers in a commercial flock during their production life cycle (0–35 days). Broilers were categorised as ESBL-Ec colonised (ESBL-Ec+) or ESBL-Ec non-colonised (ESBL-Ec−) by selective culturing. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we i. compared the richness, evenness and composition of the caecal microbiota of both broilers’ groups and ii. assessed the combined role of age and ESBL-Ec status on the broilers’ caecal microbiota. Results From day two, we observed an increasing linear trend in the proportions of ESBL-Ec throughout the broilers' production life cycle, X2 (1, N = 12) = 28.4, p < 0.001. Over time, the caecal microbiota richness was consistently higher in ESBL-Ec− broilers, but significant differences between both broilers’ groups were found exclusively on day three (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = 0.016). Bray–Curtis distance-based RDA (BC-dbRDA) showed no explanatory power of ESBL-Ec status, while age explained 14% of the compositional variation of the caecal microbiota, F (2, 66) = 6.47, p = 0.001. Conclusions This study assessed the role of ESBL-Ec in the successional dynamics of the caecal microbiota in developing broilers and showed that the presence of ESBL-Ec is associated with mild but consistent reductions in alpha diversity and with transient bacterial compositional differences. We also reported the clonal spread of ESBL-Ec and pointed to the farm environment as a likely source for ESBLs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00199-4.
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Siriphap A, Kitti T, Khuekankaew A, Boonlao C, Thephinlap C, Thepmalee C, Suwannasom N, Khoothiam K. High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: A 5-year retrospective study at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Thailand. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:955774. [PMID: 36004324 PMCID: PMC9393477 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.955774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been recognized as a public health concern as severe infections caused by these microorganisms increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Chiangrai Prachanukroh hospital, Chiangrai province, Thailand. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2016 to December 2020. A total of 384,001 clinical specimens were collected aseptically and further cultivated on an appropriate medium. All clinical isolates (one isolate per patient) were identified based on standard laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. ESBL production was screened with ceftazidime and cefotaxime discs based on the CLSI recommendations. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was carried out using a double-disc synergy technique following the CLSI standard. Results Of a total of 384,001 clinical samples analyzed for bacterial species identification, 11,065 (2.9%) tested positive for E. coli and 5,617 (1.5%) for K. pneumoniae. Approximately 42.5% (4,706/11,065) of E. coli and 30.2% (1,697/5,617) of K. pneumoniae isolates were classified as ESBL producers. A higher proportion of ESBL producers was found in patients older than 60 years and male groups. The highest infection rates of ESBL-positive pathogens were observed among patients in a medical unit. ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were predominantly found in urine and sputum, respectively. ESBL producers exhibited a high resistance rate to ampicillin (99.8–100%), cefazolin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions This study demonstrated the high prevalence and emerging antibiotic resistance of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to a provincial hospital in northern Thailand. Most ESBL-producing strains were highly resistant to several antimicrobial agents apart from carbapenems and aminoglycosides. These findings indicated that carbapenems and aminoglycosides should be advised as the first-line drugs of choice for serious infections with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Kitti
- Faculty of Oriental Medicine, Chiang Rai College, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Chalermchai Boonlao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chonthida Thephinlap
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Thepmalee
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nittiya Suwannasom
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Krissana Khoothiam
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Krissana Khoothiam,
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22
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Bello Gonzalez TD, Kant A, Dijkstra Q, Marcato F, van Reenen K, Veldman KT, Brouwer MSM. Changes in Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Dutch Veal Calves by Clonal Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866674. [PMID: 35814663 PMCID: PMC9260047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the changes in fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in a single Dutch veal calves. During the rearing period at the Dutch veal farm, a decrease in fecal carriage of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates was observed after 2 weeks at the veal farm, while an increase of cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was demonstrated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from rectal swabs collected from 110 veal calves in week 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after their arrival at the farm. ESBL-PE isolates were selectively cultured and identified by MALDI-TOF. ESBL genes were characterized by RT-PCR, PCRs, and amplicon sequencing. A total of 80 E. coli and 174 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 104 out of 110 veal calves. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli decreased from week 2 (61%) to week 6 (7%), while an unexpected increase in ESBL-K. pneumoniae colonization was detected in week 6 (80%). The predominant ESBL genes detected in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15 and the non-ESBL gene blaTEM-1a, while in K. pneumoniae blaCTX-M-14 gene was detected in all isolates. Four cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were randomly selected and characterized in deep by transformation, PCR-based replicon typing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of a subgroup of nine animals carrying K. pneumoniae ESBL genes was investigated by Multi Locus sequence typing (MLST). In four ESBL-K. pneumoniae isolates, blaCTX-M-14 was located on IncFIIK and IncFIINK plasmid replicons and the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). MLST demonstrated a clonal spread of ESBL-K. pneumoniae ST107. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a change in fecal carriage of ESBL-PE over time in the same veal calf during the rearing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita d.J. Bello Gonzalez
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Teresita d.J. Bello Gonzalez,
| | - Arie Kant
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Quillan Dijkstra
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Marcato
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees T. Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Michael S. M. Brouwer
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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Plasmid and chromosomal copies of bla CMY-2 mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli from food animals in China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109493. [PMID: 35728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in food animals is the major determinant for the propagation of resistant bacteria in the animal reservoir. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) -resistant and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from food animals in Southern China. In total, 744 3GC-resistant and 40 blaCMY-2-positive E. coli strains were recovered from 1656 food animal fecal samples across five rearing regions. The blaCMY-2 genes were located on IncC, IncFIB or IncI1 type plasmids in 12 E. coli isolates. In the other 22 isolates, S1-PFGE and hybridization analyses revealed that the blaCMY-2 gene was chromosomally located and demonstrated a high prevalence of the chromosomally encoded blaCMY-2 gene in E. coli. Plasmid stability and growth curve experiments demonstrated that IncI1, IncC and IncFIB plasmids can exist stably in the host bacteria and with a low growth burden and may be the reason these plasmids can be widely disseminated in breeding environments. Whole genome sequencing indicated that ISEcp1 and IS1294 played important roles in blaCMY-2 transfer to both plasmids and the chromosome. Our study confirmed that blaCMY-2 mediated resistance of food animal-derived E. coli to 3GC and highlights the urgent need for appropriate monitoring programmes.
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El-Mohandes SS, Eid RH, Allam AM, Abou-Zeina HAA, Elbayoumy MK. Phenotyping and genotyping studies on extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from mastitic cows on dairy farms in Egypt. Vet World 2022; 15:890-897. [PMID: 35698499 PMCID: PMC9178576 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.890-897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become a serious public health hazard worldwide. This importance is derived from the increase of new variants, particularly blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. This study aimed to examine ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different governorates in Egypt from dairy cows infected with subclinical and clinical mastitis.
Materials and Methods: This study examined 207 milk samples for the resistance of isolates against 14 different antibiotics and ran serological identification of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates with complete antibiotic resistance. Genotypic and sequencing analyses of several resistance genes were conducted using a polymerase chain reaction.
Results: E. coli was identified in cases with subclinical mastitis (80.5%) and clinical mastitis (85.7%). ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 38.2% of subclinical mastitic milk compared to 39.3% in clinical cases, where O26:k60, O125:k70, and O25:k11 were the serotypes with complete resistance to antibiotics. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, rifampicin, and penicillin in 100% but susceptible to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in 82.5% of the cases. Results also revealed that 51.25%, 52.5%, 66.25%, 77.5% and 60% of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were responsive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamycin, respectively. The detected genes were registered in GenBank as MW345819.1 and MW345820.1 for the E. coli blaTEM gene and MW295407 for the E. coli blaSHV gene.
Conclusion: This study found ESBL-producing E. coli in mastitic milk samples from Egyptian dairy farms and confirmed the occurrence and circulation of the main antibiotic genes (blaTEM and blaSHV) in the samples. Regular and thorough surveillance of ESBL-producing E. coli and subsequent preventive actions are essential for preventing the spread of these resistance genes in the future, which could pose serious and catastrophic health risks. Authorities should cling to the concept of One Health to minimize the risk of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen S. El-Mohandes
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha H. Eid
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
| | - Hala A. A. Abou-Zeina
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
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Liu X, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Liu R, Zhao R, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang S, Chen A. Effect of Bacterial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Swine in Large-Scale Pig Farms in Beijing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820833. [PMID: 35432247 PMCID: PMC9009224 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With widespread use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry, bacterial resistance has recently attracted increasing attention. Continuous emergence of multi-resistant bacteria has greatly threatened human and animal health, as well as the quality and safety of livestock products. To control bacterial resistance, the effect of bacterial resistance needs to be well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing Escherichia coli (E. coli) drug resistance in large-scale pig farms. In this study, 296 strains of E. coli isolated and identified from large-scale pig farms in Beijing were used as the research objects. In vitro drug sensitivity tests were used to determine the sensitivity to 10 antibiotics of pig-derived E. coli. SPSS logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of the season, pig type, sampling point (medication type) and sampling location on resistance and multi-drug resistance of E. coli from pigs. The degrees of drug resistance to 10 antibiotics of the 296 strains of pig-derived E. coli were varied, their resistance rates were between 4.05 and 97.64%, and their multi-drug resistance was appalling, with the highest resistance to six antibiotics being 26.35%. The isolated strains were proven more resistant to tetracyclines, penicillin and chloramphenicol, which are commonly used for disease prevention in pig farms, and less resistant to quinolones and aminoglycosides, which are not used in pig farms. The resistance of the isolated strains in spring and summer was generally higher than that in winter. E. coli resistance in piglets, fattening pigs and sows was more serious than that in nursery and sick pigs. The results showed that the season, type of medication and type of pig had an influence on the pig-derived E. coli resistance, among which the type of medication was the most influencing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Food Engineering, Light Industry Polytechnic College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Investigation, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ruting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuming Yang,
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ailiang Chen,
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Insight into Bacillus cereus Associated with Infant Foods in Beijing. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050719. [PMID: 35267350 PMCID: PMC8909854 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene profiles of Bacillus cereus in different brands of infant formula in Beijing supermarkets. Eighty-eight Bacillus cereus isolates were recovered in sixty-eight infant formulas of five domestic brands and fourteen imported brands. The prevalence rate in domestic and imported samples were 70.6% and 52.9%, respectively. Lower mean prevalence level was found in domestic samples (1.17 MPN/g) compared with the imported samples (3.52 MPN/g). Twenty-four virulence gene profiles were found, and most strains carried at least one virulence gene. The prevalence of nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT, and entFM in domestic and imported brand samples was similar. The occurrence of enterotoxin genes hblA, hblC, and hblD in domestic samples were 22.2%, 27.8%, and 22.2%, respectively, which was significantly higher than imported samples. Antimicrobial drugs-susceptibility analysis showed that all isolates were susceptible to gentamincin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin; 38%, 7%, and 2.3% were resistant to rifampin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, respectively; and only one isolate was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, the cell numbers of Bacillus cereus in prepared infant formula increased rapidly at room temperature. Thus, monitoring guidelines are needed for accepted levels of Bacillus cereus in infant formula.
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Awosile BB, Agbaje M, Adebowale O, Kehinde O, Omoshaba E. Beta-lactamase resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae from Nigeria. Afr J Lab Med 2022; 11:1371. [PMID: 35282396 PMCID: PMC8905388 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-lactamase genes are one of the most important groups of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of this group of resistance genes is needed for a better understanding of the local epidemiology within a country and global dissemination. Aim This review was carried out to identify different beta-lactamase resistance genes reported in published literature from Nigeria. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out on eligible Nigerian articles retrieved from electronic literature searches of PubMed®, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar published between January 1990 and December 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was adopted to facilitate clarity and transparency in reporting review findings. Results Fifty-seven articles were included. All beta-lactamases reported were detected from Gram-negative bacteria, particularly from Enterobacteriaceae. Thirty-six different beta-lactamase genes were reported in Nigeria. These genes belong to the narrow-spectrum, AmpC, extended-spectrum and carbapenemase beta-lactamase resistance genes. The pooled proportion estimate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Nigeria was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26% – 36%, p < 0.0001), while the estimate of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Nigeria was 46% (95% CI: 36% – 57%, p < 0.0001). The proportion estimate of AmpC genes was 32% (95% CI: 11% – 52%, p < 0.001), while the estimate for carbapenemases was 8% (95% CI: 5% – 12%, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides information on beta-lactamase distribution in Nigeria. This is necessary for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases, especially the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babafela B Awosile
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, United States
| | - Michael Agbaje
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwawemimo Adebowale
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Kehinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Omoshaba
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Clemente L, Leão C, Moura L, Albuquerque T, Amaro A. Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli from Fresh Meat in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111333. [PMID: 34827270 PMCID: PMC8615096 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/PMAβ) among Escherichia coli producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of E. coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes. The highest frequency of E. coli non-wild type to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was observed in broiler meat (30.3% and 93.3%, respectively). Overall, a diversity of acquired resistance mechanisms, were detected: blaESBL [blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 12), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-65 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-27 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-9 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 11), blaSHV-12 (n = 27), blaTEM-52 (n = 1)], blaPMAβ [blaCMY-2 (n = 8)], PMQR [qnrB (n = 27), qnrS (n = 21) and aac(6')-Ib-type (n = 4)] and PMCR [mcr-1 (n = 8)]. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed through the food chain to multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying diverse plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, posing a great hazard to food safety and a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Laura Moura
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy Science, University of Lisbon, FFUL, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV—National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (L.M.); (T.A.); (A.A.)
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Carroll LM, Buehler AJ, Gaballa A, Siler JD, Cummings KJ, Cheng RA, Wiedmann M. Monitoring the Microevolution of Salmonella enterica in Healthy Dairy Cattle Populations at the Individual Farm Level Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763669. [PMID: 34733267 PMCID: PMC8558520 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock represent a possible reservoir for facilitating the transmission of the zoonotic foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica to humans; there is also concern that strains can acquire resistance to antimicrobials in the farm environment. Here, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize Salmonella strains (n = 128) isolated from healthy dairy cattle and their associated environments on 13 New York State farms to assess the diversity and microevolution of this important pathogen at the level of the individual herd. Additionally, the accuracy and concordance of multiple in silico tools are assessed, including: (i) two in silico serotyping tools, (ii) combinations of five antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinant detection tools and one to five AMR determinant databases, and (iii) one antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) prediction tool. For the isolates sequenced here, in silico serotyping methods outperformed traditional serotyping and resolved all un-typable and/or ambiguous serotype assignments. Serotypes assigned in silico showed greater congruency with the Salmonella whole-genome phylogeny than traditional serotype assignments, and in silico methods showed high concordance (99% agreement). In silico AMR determinant detection methods additionally showed a high degree of concordance, regardless of the pipeline or database used (≥98% agreement among susceptible/resistant assignments for all pipeline/database combinations). For AMR detection methods that relied exclusively on nucleotide BLAST, accuracy could be maximized by using a range of minimum nucleotide identity and coverage thresholds, with thresholds of 75% nucleotide identity and 50-60% coverage adequate for most pipeline/database combinations. In silico characterization of the microevolution and AMR dynamics of each of six serotype groups (S. Anatum, Cerro, Kentucky, Meleagridis, Newport, Typhimurium/Typhimurium variant Copenhagen) revealed that some lineages were strongly associated with individual farms, while others were distributed across multiple farms. Numerous AMR determinant acquisition and loss events were identified, including the recent acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring bla CMY- and bla CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. The results presented here provide high-resolution insight into the temporal dynamics of AMR Salmonella at the scale of the individual farm and highlight both the strengths and limitations of WGS in tracking zoonotic pathogens and their associated AMR determinants at the livestock-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ariel J. Buehler
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie D. Siler
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cummings
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rachel A. Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Dadashpour R, Moghaddam MJM, Salehi Z. Prevalence of non-extended spectrum β-lactamases SHV-1 and TEM-1 or -2 types in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in northern Iran. Biol Futur 2021; 71:419-426. [PMID: 34554461 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate TEM-1 or -2 and SHV-1 β-lactamases frequency in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients' urine in northern Iran. The resistance pattern to 20 antibiotics and ESBL production in 200 MDR Enterobacteriaceae was detected using the disk diffusion test and double-disk synergy test (DDST), respectively. Multiplex PCR was applied to detect blaTEM-1 or -2 and blaSHV genes in isolates. DDST findings were inconsistent with multiplex PCR results. The distribution of each of blaTEM-1 or -2 and blaSHV genes, either alone or in combination, in the ESBL-producing isolates was higher than the non-ESBL-producing isolates. There was a significant effect of the presence of blaTEM-1 or -2 gene on resistance to cephalotin at the p < 0.01 level and cefepime, tetracycline, and streptomycin at the P < 0.05 level, and the presence of blaSHV-1 gene on resistance to fosfomycin at the P < 0.05 level as well as the presence both blaTEM-1 or -2 and blaSHV-1 genes on resistance to cephalotin and fosfomycin at the P < 0.01 level. In all isolates, ESBL production, except for cephalotin resistance, did not improve resistance to other antibiotics used and even non-ESBL-producing isolates showed higher resistance to antibiotics compared to ESBL-producing isolates. It seems that mechanisms other than production of ESBL to be involved as part of the resistance mechanisms of the studied isolates against the used antibiotics. For epidemiological studies, both phenotypic and molecular tests must be included to identify the blaTEM-1 or -2 and blaSHV-1 genotypes to ensure infection prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zivar Salehi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Characterization of E. coli Isolates Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase SHV-Variants from the Food Chain in Germany. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091926. [PMID: 34576822 PMCID: PMC8471341 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bacteria to 3rd generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases (ESBL, pAmpC) is a public health concern. In this study, 1517 phenotypically cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were screened for the presence of blaSHV genes. Respective genes were detected in 161 isolates. Majority (91%) were obtained from poultry production and meat. The SHV-12 beta-lactamase was the predominant variant (n = 155), while the remaining isolates exhibited SHV-2 (n = 4) or SHV-2a (n = 2). A subset of the isolates (n = 51) was further characterized by PCR, PFGE, or whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The SHV-12-producing isolates showed low phylogenetic relationships, and dissemination of the blaSHV-12 genes seemed to be mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer. In most of the isolates, blaSHV-12 was located on transferable IncX3 (~43 kb) or IncI1 (~100 kb) plasmids. On IncX3, blaSHV-12 was part of a Tn6 composite transposon located next to a Tn3 transposon, which harbored the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrS1. On IncI1 plasmids, blaSHV-12 was located on an incomplete class 1 integron as part of a Tn21 transposon. In conclusion, SHV-12 is widely distributed in German poultry production and spreads via horizontal gene transfer. Consumers are at risk by handling raw poultry meat and should take care in appropriate kitchen hygiene.
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Beyrouthy R, Sabença C, Robin F, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Bonnet R. Successful Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Enterobacterales over Humans to Wild Fauna. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071471. [PMID: 34361907 PMCID: PMC8305760 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria remains poorly understood in the wild ecosystem and at the interface of habitats. Here, we explored the spread of Escherichia coli containing IncI1-ST3 plasmid encoding resistance gene cefotaximase-Munich-1 (blaCTX-M-1) in human-influenced habitats and wild fauna using a genomic approach. Methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), single-nucleotide polymorphism comparison, synteny-based analysis and data mining approaches were used to analyse a dataset of genomes and circularised plasmids. Results. CTX-M-1 E. coli sequence types (STs) were preferentially associated with ecosystems. Few STs were shared by distinct habitats. IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 plasmids are disseminated among all E. coli phylogroups. The main divergences in plasmids were located in a shuffling zone including blaCTX-M-1 inserted in a conserved site. This insertion hot spot exhibited diverse positions and orientations in a zone-modulating conjugation, and the resulting synteny was associated with geographic and biological sources. Conclusions. The ecological success of IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 appears less linked to the spread of their bacterial recipients than to their ability to transfer in a broad spectrum of bacterial lineages. This feature is associated with the diversity of their shuffling conjugation region that contain blaCTX-M-1. These might be involved in the resistance to antimicrobials, but also in their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racha Beyrouthy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, (UMR1071), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (USC-2018), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (R.B.); (F.R.)
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carolina Sabença
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trá-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Robin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, (UMR1071), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (USC-2018), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (R.B.); (F.R.)
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patricia Poeta
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trá-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2825-168 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Giberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2825-168 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, (UMR1071), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (USC-2018), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (R.B.); (F.R.)
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-473754920
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Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica from retail fishes in Egypt: A major threat to public health. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 351:109268. [PMID: 34098467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The increase in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica and its spread from food to humans are considered a serious public health concern worldwide. Little is currently known about the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing S. enterica in fish in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the existence of ESBL-producing S. enterica in retail fish in Egypt. In total, 200 fish samples were collected randomly from various retail fish markets in Egypt. S. enterica were detected in 19 (9.5%; 95% CI: 5.8-14.4) of the fish samples analyzed. Of the 19 non-repetitive S. enterica isolates, 18 were serologically categorized into eight S. enterica serovars and a non-typable serovar. All 19 S. enterica isolates (100%) showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes to at least three classes of antimicrobials, and 11 (57.9%) exhibited an ESBL-resistant phenotype and harbored at least one ESBL-encoding gene. The ESBL-producing S. enterica serovars were as follows: Kentucky (3 isolates; 15.8%), Enteritidis (2 isolates; 10.5%), Typhimurium (2 isolates; 10.5%), and 1 isolate (5.3%) each of Infantis, Virchow, Paratyphi B, and Senftenberg. The identified β-lactamase-encoding genes included ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-2 and blaSHV-12; the AmpC β-lactamase-encoding gene blaCMY-2; and the narrow-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes blaTEM-1 and blaOXA-1. All S. enterica isolates were negative for carbapenemase-encoding genes. Molecular analysis of plasmid transferability and replicon typing revealed that most plasmids (with β-lactamase-encoding genes) were transferrable, and the most common incompatibility groups were IncI1, IncA/C, IncHI1, and IncN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for molecular characterization of ESBL-producing S. enterica in fish in Egypt. The occurrence of ESBL-producing S. enterica in retail fish constitutes a potential public health threat with the possibility of transmission of these strains with resistance genes to humans. Such transmission would exacerbate the resistance to an important class of antibiotics commonly used in hospitals to treat typhoid and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections.
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Grünzweil OM, Palmer L, Cabal A, Szostak MP, Ruppitsch W, Kornschober C, Korus M, Misic D, Bernreiter-Hofer T, Korath ADJ, Feßler AT, Allerberger F, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Müller E, Braun SD, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Walzer C, Smodlaka H, Loncaric I. Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115905. [PMID: 34072783 PMCID: PMC8199236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Grünzweil
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Lauren Palmer
- Marine Mammal Care Center, Los Angeles, CA 90731, USA;
| | - Adriana Cabal
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Michael P. Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Christian Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maciej Korus
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna D. J. Korath
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York City, NY 10460, USA
| | - Hrvoje Smodlaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA;
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-125-077-2115
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Su Z, Tong P, Zhang L, Zhang M, Wang D, Ma K, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xia L, Xie J. First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of bla CTX-M-121 -Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 From Cattle in Xinjiang, China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:574801. [PMID: 34113667 PMCID: PMC8185162 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.574801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen causing severe bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are recognized major reservoir and source of E. coli O157:H7. We investigated the antibiotic resistance, molecular profiles, and intrinsic relationship between 21 isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle farms and slaughtering houses in Xinjiang. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, two types of PFGE were revealed through cluster analysis, including clusters I and II, with 66 and 100% similarity of PFGE spectra between 21 isolates. We also detected that 18 isolates (86%) carried at least one virulence gene, 16 isolates (76%) carried the eae gene, and 7 (33%) carried the stx1 + stx2 + eae + hly + tccp genes. Eighteen isolates were susceptible to antibiotics. Three isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and two were multidrug resistant. One of the two multidrug-resistant isolates detectably carried the bla CTX-M-121 gene. This is the first finding of the bla CTX-M-121 gene detected in E. coli O157:H7 isolated from cattle in Xinjiang. The bla CTX-M-121 gene is transferable between the bacterial strains via plasmid transmission. The results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 may have undergone clonal propagation in cattle population and cross-regional transmission in Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Massé J, Lardé H, Fairbrother JM, Roy JP, Francoz D, Dufour S, Archambault M. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654125. [PMID: 34095273 PMCID: PMC8175654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3")-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where bla CMY-2 and bla CTX-M ( bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CTX-M-55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massé
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Lardé
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - John M Fairbrother
- Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - David Francoz
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Foley SL, Kaldhone PR, Ricke SC, Han J. Incompatibility Group I1 (IncI1) Plasmids: Their Genetics, Biology, and Public Health Relevance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00031-20. [PMID: 33910982 PMCID: PMC8139525 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00031-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that often carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding increased virulence and can be transmissible among bacteria by conjugation. One key group of plasmids is the incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids, which have been isolated from multiple Enterobacteriaceae of food animal origin and clinically ill human patients. The IncI group of plasmids were initially characterized due to their sensitivity to the filamentous bacteriophage If1. Two prototypical IncI1 plasmids, R64 and pColIb-P9, have been extensively studied, and the plasmids consist of unique regions associated with plasmid replication, plasmid stability/maintenance, transfer machinery apparatus, single-stranded DNA transfer, and antimicrobial resistance. IncI1 plasmids are somewhat unique in that they encode two types of sex pili, a thick, rigid pilus necessary for mating and a thin, flexible pilus that helps stabilize bacteria for plasmid transfer in liquid environments. A key public health concern with IncI1 plasmids is their ability to carry antimicrobial resistance genes, including those associated with critically important antimicrobials used to treat severe cases of enteric infections, including the third-generation cephalosporins. Because of the potential importance of these plasmids, this review focuses on the distribution of the plasmids, their phenotypic characteristics associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence, and their replication, maintenance, and transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Foley
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pravin R Kaldhone
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science & Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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Octavia S, Chew KL, Lin RTP, Teo JWP. Whole genome sequencing of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul for elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Pathology 2021; 53:768-772. [PMID: 33840533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the number of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul observed in Singapore in 2015-2016 in humans was accompanied by increased resistance to third generation cephalosporins. We aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms contributing to this resistance. Whole genome sequencing using MiSeq was performed on 49 S. Saintpaul isolates collected between 2014-2016. Nanopore sequencing was also performed in an attempt to obtain a full genome of the plasmids. All but one S. Saintpaul isolates sequenced belonged to a single sequence type based on an in silico 7-gene multi-locus sequence typing scheme suggesting a clonal lineage. In total 27/49 were resistant to third generation cephalosporins as confirmed by the broth microdilution method; the resistance was due to the presence of either blaCTX-M-55 (n=23), blaCTX-M-27 (n=1) or blaCMY-2 (n=3) carried on a plasmid. Two isolates were also found to carry the mcr-1 gene on a different plasmid. Our study showed that all S. Saintpaul isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins carried either blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27 or blaCMY-2 on a plasmid. Continuous monitoring of Salmonella serovars is warranted to track the potential spread of these plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Octavia
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.
| | - Ka Lip Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jeanette W P Teo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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40
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Yang F, Tian X, Han B, Zhao R, Li J, Zhang K. Tracking high-risk β-lactamase gene (bla gene) transfers in two Chinese intensive dairy farms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116593. [PMID: 33548670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics are critically important antibiotics for humans, but their use in food-animals poses a potential threat for public health. This paper addressed the occurrence of high-risk β-lactamase genes (bla genes) in intensive dairy farms, and assessed the effects of different waste treatment technologies at dairies on the propagation and dissemination of bla genes. Results showed that ESBL genes (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1), ampC β-lactamase genes (blaampC) and carbapenemase genes (blaGES-1, blaNDM) were prevalent in dairy cow waste, and even prevailed through each processing stage of solid manure and dairy wastewater. Significant levels of bla genes were present in the final lagoon (from 104 to 106 copies/mL, representing from 10% to 151%, of raw influent levels), raising the possibility of dissemination to the receiving environment. This concern was validated by the investigation on farmland that had long-term undergone wastewater irrigation, where causing an increase in bla gene levels in soils (approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude). More troublesomely, considerable levels of certain bla genes were still observed in the bedding material (up to 105 and 107 copies/g), which would directly threaten the dairy cow health. Otherwise, correlation analysis showed that both bacterial community and environmental factors played important roles in the bla genes abundances in dairy farms. This study demonstrated the prevalence of high-risk bla genes in dairy farms, and also underscored that dairy waste was a non-ignored great source of multidrug resistance for their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Run Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Ewers C, de Jong A, Prenger-Berninghoff E, El Garch F, Leidner U, Tiwari SK, Semmler T. Genomic Diversity and Virulence Potential of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains From Healthy Food Animals Across Europe. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626774. [PMID: 33868190 PMCID: PMC8047082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of livestock animals as a putative source of ESBL/pAmpC E. coli for humans is a central issue of research. In a large-scale pan-European surveillance, 2,993 commensal Escherichia spp. isolates were recovered from randomly collected fecal samples of healthy cattle, pigs and chickens in various abattoirs. One-hundred Escherichia spp. isolates (0.5% from cattle, 1.3% pigs, 8.0% chickens) fulfilled the criteria for cefotaxime and ceftazidime non-wildtype (EUCAST). In silico screening of WGS data of 99 isolates (98 E. coli and 1 E. fergusonii) revealed blaSHV–12 (32.3%), blaCTX–M–1 (24.2%), and blaCMY–2 (22.2%) as predominant ESBL/pAmpC types. Other types were blaSHV–2 (1.0%), blaCTX–M–2/–14/–15 (1.0/6.1/1.0%), and blaTEM–52 (5.1%). Six isolates revealed AmpC-promoter mutations (position −42 (C > T) and one carried mcr-1. The majority (91.3%) of ESBL/pAmpC genes were located on plasmids. SHV-12 was mainly (50%) encoded on IncI1α plasmids (pST-3/-26/-95), followed by IncX3 (12.5%) and IncK2 (3.1%). The blaTEM–52 genes were located on IncI1α-pST-36 (60%) and IncX1 plasmids (20%). The dominant plasmid lineage among CTX-M-1 isolates was IncI1α (pST-3/-295/-317) (87.5%), followed by IncN-pST-1 (8.3%). CMY-2 was mostly identified on IncI1α (pST-12/-2) (54.5%) and IncK2 (31.8%) plasmids. Several plasmids revealed high similarity to published plasmids from human and animal Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates were assigned to phylogroups A/C (34.7/7.1%), B1 (27.6%), B2 (3.1%), D/F (9.2/10.2%), E (5.1%), and to E. clades (3.0%). With 51 known and 2 novel MLST types, a wide variety of STs was found, including STs previously observed in human isolates (ST10/38/117/131/648). ESBL/AmpC types or STs were rarely correlated with the geographic origin of the isolates or animal species. Virulence gene typing identified extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC; 2.0%), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC; 51.5%), and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 6.1%). In conclusion, the high diversity of STs and phylogenetic groups provides hardly any hint for clonal spread of single lineages but hints toward the dissemination of cephalosporin resistance genes in livestock via distinct, globally successful plasmid lineages. Even though a number of isolates could not be assigned to a distinct pathotype, our finding of combined multidrug-resistance and virulence in this facultative pathogen should be considered an additional threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Ewers
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anno de Jong
- European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance in Animals (EASSA) Study Group, Executive Animal Health Study Center (CEESA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Farid El Garch
- European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance in Animals (EASSA) Study Group, Executive Animal Health Study Center (CEESA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ursula Leidner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sumeet K Tiwari
- NG1 Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG1 Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Musin EV, Kim AL, Dubrovskii AV, Kudryashova EB, Ariskina EV, Tikhonenko SA. The Influence of Polyanions and Polycations on Bacteriophage Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:914. [PMID: 33809719 PMCID: PMC8002241 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is a great alternative to antibiotic drugs, but it can't effectively overcome the over-acidic medium of the stomach. We offer the use of polyelectrolyte microcapsules as a protective means of bacteriophage. It is necessary to understand the influence of polyelectrolytes on bacteriophage survival. The work studied the effect of polyanions and polycations on the coliprotetic bacteriophage's viability. We have shown that polyallylamine decreased bacteriophage's viability during increasing polyelectrolyte concentration and polyarginine had a lower inhibitory effect (then PAH) on the activity of the bacteriophage due to polyelectrolyte concentration from 0.05 to 5 mg/mL. It was shown that the inhibition of the bacteriophage by polyallylamine had an electrostatic nature and the use of high ionic strength prevented the formation of the PAH-protein capsid complex. Polystyrene sulfonate does not affect bacteriophage viability during increasing polyelectrolyte concentration from 0.05 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL. Polystyrene sulfonate decreases the viability of bacteriophage from 5 mg/mL of polyelectrolyte concentration. Dextran sulfate inhibits bacteriophage activity at 20-30%. Dextran inhibits bacteriophage activity by 80% at diapason concentration from 0.05 to 5 mg/mL and loses the inhibition effect from a concentration of 5 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V. Musin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290 Puschino, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Aleksandr L. Kim
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290 Puschino, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Alexey V. Dubrovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290 Puschino, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Ekaterina B. Kudryashova
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.B.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Elena V. Ariskina
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.B.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Sergey A. Tikhonenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290 Puschino, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.L.K.); (A.V.D.)
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Waade J, Seibt U, Honscha W, Rachidi F, Starke A, Speck S, Truyen U. Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in newborn dairy calves in Germany. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248291. [PMID: 33711073 PMCID: PMC7954297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy calves as part of a routine health check protocol. In addition, data regarding antimicrobial use (AMU), farm hygiene, and farm management were collected in order to identify possible risks for ESBL occurrence. Ten farms participated in the study with a median of 781 milking cows (319–1701). All calves investigated were younger than two weeks with an average age of 6.8 (±3.9) days. The farms were visited and samples were collected twice at an interval of 7–11 months. Faecal samples diluted 1:10, were plated onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar in duplicates. After 24 hours at 37°C, colonies were counted and total colony forming units (cfu)/ml calculated. Bacteria species were identified biochemically. ESBL-production was phenotypically confirmed using the MICRONAUT-S β-Lactamases system. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using VITEK® 2 technology. Phylotyping of E. coli isolates and screening for bla genes was performed by PCR. ESBL-producing enterobacteria were detected on all farms and 96.5% of calves investigated shed ESBL-positive bacteria. Of all ESBL-producing isolates, the majority were E. coli (92.9%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (5.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (2.0%). The majority of E. coli isolates was clearly assigned to phylogroup C (25.0%), followed by phylogroups A (15.2%) and E (14.1%). CTX-M group 1 was most frequently detected (80.4%). E. cloacae contained blaCTX-M and blaTEM or blaSHV. K. pneumoniae harboured blaSHV only. Besides resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins, the majority of isolates was also resistant to one or more antibiotic classes, with a high proportion being resistant against fluoroqinolones. 52.5% of isolates were further characterised as threefold multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria (3MDR-GNB) according to the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention. None of the isolates were 4MDR-GNB, i.e. none revealed carbapenem-resistance. Penicillins were the most frequently administered antibiotics to calves on most farms and were the predominant substance class at herd level on all farms. Overall, the number of calves treated prior to sampling was rather low (11.7%). Analyses of data regarding the farm management identified weaknesses in biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection. Besides beta-lactam antibiotics being the most commonly used antibiotics no other risk factors could be identified. In summary, the prevalence of ESBL-carriers in dairy calves was exceptionally high and should be motivation to develop strategies for the reduction of multidrug-resistant bacteria in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil Waade
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Seibt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fanny Rachidi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Starke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Speck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ilyas S, Rasool MH, Arshed MJ, Qamar MU, Aslam B, Almatroudi A, Khurshid M. The Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Carbapenemases Genes from Poultry Birds. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:805-813. [PMID: 33688215 PMCID: PMC7936925 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s296219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), as well as carbapenemases, are considered as the foremost resistance determinants throughout the world. However, the relevant data especially related to the sequence types of ESBL and carbapenemases producing Escherichia coli from the poultry is limited from Pakistan. Here, we present the data on the genetic diversity of E. coli strains isolated from the poultry birds from the poultry farms located in Islamabad, Pakistan, and the underlying resistance mechanisms to beta-lactam agents. Methods Of 250 broilers from 25 different farms (10 birds from each farm), the cecal samples were obtained and analyzed for the presence of ESBLs producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) as well as carbapenemases producing E. coli (CPEc) strains using selective agar for ESBL and carbapenemases screening. The susceptibility profiling of the ESBL-Ec and CPEc isolates was evaluated followed by multi-locus sequence typing. Results A total of 119 strains were positive for ESBL production whereas 37 strains were found positive to produce carbapenemases in addition to ESBLs. The MLST analysis has shown a diversity of isolates as the E. coli isolates from poultry birds correspond to a total of 16 sequence types (STs). The ST131 (22/48, 46%) followed by ST8051 (10/48, 21%) were the main STs in this study. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in all the poultry E. coli strains whereas the blaTEM was found in 45.5% of strains. The blaVIM was found in all 37 CPEc isolates whereas the blaNDM and blaIMP were found in 31/37 (83.8%) and 16/37 (43.2%) CPEc isolates respectively. Conclusion The overall results have shown the prevalence of diverse genotypes among the ESBL-Ec and carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CPEC) from poultry. Furthermore, the study documents poultry birds as a persisting reservoir of extensively antimicrobial-resistant E. coli ST131 in Pakistan, suggesting a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ilyas
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Javed Arshed
- National Veterinary Laboratory, National Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Singh NS, Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. High Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Class 1 Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolated From River Yamuna, India: A Serious Public Health Risk. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621564. [PMID: 33633708 PMCID: PMC7899961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, urban water bodies have emerged as an environmental reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes because resistant bacteria residing here might easily disseminate these traits to other waterborne pathogens. In the present study, we have investigated the AMR phenotypes, prevalent plasmid-mediated AMR genes, and integrons in commensal strains of Escherichia coli, the predominant fecal indicator bacteria isolated from a major urban river of northern India Yamuna. The genetic environment of blaCTX–M–15 was also investigated. Our results indicated that 57.5% of the E. coli strains were resistant to at least two antibiotic classes and 20% strains were multidrug resistant, i.e., resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. The multiple antibiotic resistance index of about one-third of the E. coli strains was quite high (>0.2), reflecting high contamination of river Yamuna with antibiotics. With regard to plasmid-mediated AMR genes, blaTEM–1 was present in 95% of the strains, followed by qnrS1 and armA (17% each), blaCTX–M–15 (15%), strA-strB (12%), and tetA (7%). Contrary to the earlier reports where blaCTX–M–15 was mostly associated with pathogenic phylogroup B2, our study revealed that the CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were present in the commensal phylogroups A and B1, also. The genetic organization of blaCTX–M–15 was similar to that reported for E. coli, isolated from other parts of the world; and ISEcp1 was present upstream of blaCTX–M–15. The integrons of classes 2 and 3 were absent, but class 1 integron gene intI1 was present in 75% of the isolates, denoting its high prevalence in E. coli of river Yamuna. These evidences indicate that due to high prevalence of plasmid-mediated AMR genes and intI1, commensal E. coli can become vehicles for widespread dissemination of AMR in the environment. Thus, regular surveillance and management of urban rivers is necessary to curtail the spread of AMR and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambram Somendro Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Gazal LEDS, Medeiros LP, Dibo M, Nishio EK, Koga VL, Gonçalves BC, Grassotti TT, de Camargo TCL, Pinheiro JJ, Vespero EC, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Detection of ESBL/AmpC-Producing and Fosfomycin-Resistant Escherichia coli From Different Sources in Poultry Production in Southern Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:604544. [PMID: 33505374 PMCID: PMC7829455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study discussed the use of antimicrobials in the commercial chicken production system and the possible factors influencing the presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producers strains in the broiler production chain. The aim of this study was to perform longitudinal monitoring of ESBL-producing and fosfomycin-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry farms in southern Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states) and determine the possible critical points that may be reservoirs for these strains. Samples of poultry litter, cloacal swabs, poultry feed, water, and beetles (Alphitobius sp.) were collected during three distinct samplings. Phenotypic and genotypic tests were performed for characterization of antimicrobial resistant strains. A total of 117 strains were isolated and 78 (66%) were positive for ESBL production. The poultry litter presented ESBL positive strains in all three sampled periods, whereas the cloacal swab presented positive strains only from the second period. The poultry litter represents a significant risk factor mainly at the beginning poultry production (odds ratio 6.43, 95% confidence interval 1-41.21, p < 0.05). All beetles presented ESBL positive strains. The predominant gene was bla CTX-M group 2, which occurred in approximately 55% of the ESBL-producing E. coli. The cit gene was found in approximately 13% of the ESBL-producing E. coli as AmpC type determinants. A total of 19 out of 26 fosfomycin-resistant strains showed the fosA3 gene, all of which produced ESBL. The correlation between fosA3 and bla CTX-M group 1 (bla CTX-M55 ) genes was significant among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from Paraná (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.9-9.68) and these genetic determinants can be transmitted by conjugation to broiler chicken microbiota strains. Our data revealed that poultry litter and beetles were critical points during poultry production and the presence of fosfomycin-resistant strains indicate the possibility of risks associated with the use of this antimicrobial during production. Furthermore, the genetic determinants encoding CTX-M and fosA3 enzymes can be transferred to E. coli strains from broiler chicken microbiota, thereby creating a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Pinto Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam Dibo
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Erick Kenji Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taiara Carolaine Leal de Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Juliano Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Jajarmi M, Askari Badouei M, Ghanbarpour R, Karmostaji A, Alizade H. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and phylogenetic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from goats using both Clermont phylogenetic schemes. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) poses a threat to public health. The Clermont typing schemes (previous and revised) have been used widely to phylotype E. coli. The present study was conducted to compare the relationship of the Clermont phylogenet-ic schemes in STEC strains isolated from goats and antibiotic resistance patterns in the southeast of Iran. Overall 52 strains carrying the stx gene were used for subsequent analysis. All strains were determined by analysing the genomic DNA with a PCR-based method using the two Clermont et al. (2000, 2013) schemes. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains were con-firmed by the double disk-diffusion method. STEC strains were also tested for susceptibility to 20 antimicrobials agents. In the original Clermont method, the prevalent phylogroups were B1 (69.2%) and A (28.8%). The significant phylogenetic groups of strains according to the revised Clermont method were B1 (82.7%), A (13.5%) and unknown (3.8%). However, STEC strains underwent changes as noted from A to B1 (17.3%), B1 to unknown (3.8%), B1 to A (1.9%) and D to B1 (1.9%) groupings. Of the 52 stx-positive strains, two ESBL producing strains were detected. Susceptibility data showed that the most frequent resistance phenotype was related to cefazolin (90.4%), streptomycin (88.5%), ampicillin (86.5%) and oxytetracycline (82.7%) respectively. Alt-hough the overall frequency of the reassigned phylotypes was not significant, most changes oc-curred within the A phylotype. Therefore, implementation of the new method on isolates belong-ing to the A phylotype in the old method seems to be necessary to obtain accurate results.
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Egbule OS, Iweriebor BC, Odum EI. Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:9. [PMID: 33374204 PMCID: PMC7824224 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (MBL-Ec) isolated from pig abattoir and handlers in retail shops was studied. In addition, the relationship between the isolates' prevalence and the background characteristics of the butchers/retailers was also investigated. Samples from 32 hand swabs of pork sellers at retail shops and 8 butchers at abattoirs, as well as 272 swabs taken from knives, tables, floors, water troughs, and carcasses from both retail shops and abattoirs, were collected. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from hand swabs, fomites, and carcasses and were identified by standard microbiological procedures. The isolates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefixime (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), and meropenem (10 µg) and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL was determined by phenotypic methods. Demographic information of the handlers was retrieved by means of a structured questionnaire and, in some cases, via face to face interviews. Out of 104 E. coli isolates from both sources, 52 (50.0%) and 8 (7.7%) were ESBL and MBL producers, respectively. ESBL was more prevalent on the hands of the retailers (40.6%) and butchers (75.0%). The isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 4.8% resistant to nitrofurantoin. Diverse resistance patterns were observed among ESBL-Ec and MBL-Ec. It was found that 90% of ESBL-Ec and 100% of MBL-Ec were multidrug-resistant. A possible epidemiological link between the two sources was observed. The prevalence of E. coli ESBL- and MBL-producing isolates was associated with the duty performed by handlers (p = 0.012) and gender (p = 0.012). Our results provide evidence that the handlers' hands and abattoir environment had a great role to play in the high prevalence and resistance profiles of the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sochi Egbule
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, Nigeria;
| | - Benson C. Iweriebor
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Edward Ikenna Odum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, Nigeria;
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Ramos S, Silva V, Dapkevicius MDLE, Caniça M, Tejedor-Junco MT, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Production. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122239. [PMID: 33260303 PMCID: PMC7761174 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This revision is about the problem of Escherichia coli as a commensal and pathogenic bacterium among food-producing animals and health implications. Escherichia coli may play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tract; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. The majority of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. All over the word, antibiotic resistance is commonly detected among commensal bacteria from food-producing animals, raising important questions on the potential impact of antibiotic use in animals and the possible transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain. The use, in food-producing animals, of antibiotics that are critically important in human medicine has been implicated in the emergence of new forms of resistant bacteria, including new strains of multidrug-resistant foodborne bacteria, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. Abstract Escherichia coli are facultative, anaerobic Gram-negative rods with many facets. Within resistant bacterial populations, they play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tracts; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Thus, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these commensal bacteria (or others, such as enterococci) can be a good indicator for the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents, providing an early warning of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. As many as 90% of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tracts of humans and warm-blooded animals. As a commensal, it lives in a mutually beneficial association with its hosts and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. In humans, it is the prominent cause of enteritis, community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), septicemia, postsurgical peritonitis, and other clinical infections, such as neonatal meningitis, while, in farm animals, it is more prominently associated with diarrhea. On a global scale, E. coli can be considered the most important human pathogen, causing severe infection along with other major bacterial foodborne agents, such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter. Thus, the importance of resistance in E. coli, typically considered a benign commensal, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Ramos
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal;
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +351-259-350-466
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Colosi IA, Baciu AM, Opriș RV, Peca L, Gudat T, Simon LM, Colosi HA, Costache C. Prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Raw Vegetables Retailed in Romania. Foods 2020; 9:E1726. [PMID: 33255315 PMCID: PMC7760756 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: As β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales are no longer exclusively associated with the health care system, investigating the potential risk they pose to the integrity of the environment and food safety has become of utmost importance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates from retailed raw vegetables and to determine if household washing is an effective method of lowering bacterial load; (2) Methods: Seasonal vegetables (n = 165) were acquired from supermarkets (n = 2) and farmer markets (n = 2) in Romania. Following sample processing and isolation, identification of Enterobacterales was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex was used to ascertain the presence of the main ESBL, AmpC, and Carbapenemase genes. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were determined by extended antibiograms. Enterobacteriaceae colony-forming units (CFU) counts were compared between vegetable types; (3) Results: Beta-lactamase producing bacteria were observed on 7.9% of vegetables, with 5.5% displaying ESBL/AmpC phenotype and 2.4% identified as Carbapenemase producers. The most frequently detected β-lactamase genes were blaSHV (n = 4), followed by blaCTX-M and blaTEM (each with n = 3). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance analysis showed that 46% of isolates were multiple drug resistant, with aminoglycosides (38.5%) the most prevalent non-β-lactam resistance, followed by first-generation quinolones (38.5%). (4) Conclusions: The present study has described for the first time the presence of β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales in fresh produce retailed in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alina Colosi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Alina Mihaela Baciu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Răzvan Vlad Opriș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Loredana Peca
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Tristan Gudat
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Simon
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Horațiu Alexandru Colosi
- Department of Medical Education, Division of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Costache
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.C.); (A.M.B.); (T.G.); (L.M.S.); (C.C.)
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