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Hu S, Wang D, Liu W, Wang Y, Chen J, Cai X. Apelin receptor dimer: Classification, future prospects, and pathophysiological perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167257. [PMID: 38795836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ), a member of the class A family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular and central nervous systems function. APJ influences the onset and progression of various diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cerebral stroke, making it an important target for drug development. Our preliminary findings indicate that APJ can form homodimers, heterodimers, or even higher-order oligomers, which participate in different signaling pathways and have distinct functions compared with monomers. APJ homodimers can serve as neuroprotectors against, and provide new pharmaceutical targets for vascular dementia (VD). This review article aims to summarize the structural characteristics of APJ dimers and their roles in physiology and pathology, as well as explore their potential pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Dexiu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China.
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Liu C, Xiong J, Yi X, Song S, Yang H, Tan W, Yang X, Zheng L, Yu J, Xu C. Decreased plasma ELABELA level as a novel screening indicator for heart failure: a cohort and observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11333. [PMID: 38760403 PMCID: PMC11101417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The predictive power of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is limited by its low specificity in patients with heart failure (HF). Discovery of more novel biomarkers for HF better diagnosis is necessary and urgent. ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (Apelin peptide jejunum, Apelin receptor), exhibits cardioprotective actions. However, the relationship between plasma ELABELA and cardiac function in HF patients is unclear. To evaluate plasma ELABELA level and its diagnostic value in HF patients, a total of 335 patients with or without HF were recruited for our monocentric observational study. Plasma ELABELA and Apelin levels were detected by immunoassay in all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels and study variables. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to access the predictive power of plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels. Plasma ELABELA levels were lower, while plasma Apelin levels were higher in HF patients than in non-HF patients. Plasma ELABELA levels were gradually decreased with increasing New York Heart Association grade or decreasing LVEF. Plasma ELABELA levels were negatively correlated with BNP, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and positively correlated with LVEF in HF patients. In contrast, the correlation between plasma Apelin levels and these parameters is utterly opposite to ELABELA. The diagnostic value of ELABELA, Apelin, and LVEF for all HF patients was 0.835, 0.673, and 0.612; the sensitivity was 62.52, 66.20, and 32.97%; and the specificity was 95.92, 67.23, and 87.49%, respectively. All these parameters in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction were comparable to those in total HF patients. Overall, plasma ELABELA levels were significantly reduced and negatively correlated with cardiac function in HF patients. Decreased plasma ELABELA levels may function as a novel screening biomarker for HF. A combined assessment of BNP and ELABELA may be a good choice to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Liu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lixiang Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Wróbel-Nowicka K, Wojciechowska C, Jacheć W, Zalewska M, Romuk E. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:760. [PMID: 38792942 PMCID: PMC11123446 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major medical and social problem. The NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its active form, brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), in a simple blood test are the gold-standard biomarkers for HF diagnosis. However, even good biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides fail to predict all the risks associated with HF due to the diversity of the mechanisms involved. The pathophysiology of HF is determined by numerous factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, neuroendocrine activation, pathological angiogenesis, changes in apoptotic pathways, fibrosis and vascular remodeling. High readmission and mortality rates prompt a search for new markers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HF. Oxidative-stress-mediated inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of subsequent changes in the failing heart and provides a new insight into this complex mechanism. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers appear to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with HF. This systematic review provides an overview of the current knowledge about oxidative stress and inflammation parameters as markers of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wróbel-Nowicka
- Medical Laboratory of Teresa Fryda, Katowice, Laboratory Branch in Specialist Hospital in Zabrze, 10, M.C-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Celina Wojciechowska
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10, M.C-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (C.W.); (W.J.)
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10, M.C-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (C.W.); (W.J.)
| | - Marzena Zalewska
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Ewa Romuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19, Jordan St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Kilpiö T, Skarp S, Perjés Á, Swan J, Kaikkonen L, Saarimäki S, Szokodi I, Penninger JM, Szabó Z, Magga J, Kerkelä R. Apelin regulates skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in a high-intensity interval training model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1437-C1450. [PMID: 38525542 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00427.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plasma apelin levels are reduced in aging and muscle wasting conditions. We aimed to investigate the significance of apelin signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses to physiological stress. Apelin knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by treadmill running. The effects of apelin on energy metabolism were studied in primary mouse skeletal muscle myotubes and cardiomyocytes. Apelin increased mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in myotubes and promoted the expression of mitochondrial genes both in primary myotubes and cardiomyocytes. HIIT induced mild concentric cardiac hypertrophy in WT mice, whereas eccentric growth was observed in the left ventricles of apelin KO mice. HIIT did not affect myofiber size in skeletal muscles of WT mice but decreased the myofiber size in apelin KO mice. The decrease in myofiber size resulted from a fiber type switch toward smaller slow-twitch type I fibers. The increased proportion of slow-twitch type I fibers in apelin KO mice was associated with upregulation of myosin heavy chain slow isoform expression, accompanied with upregulated expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and downregulated expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, skeletal muscles of apelin KO mice showed defective induction of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in response to HIIT. In conclusion, apelin is required for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle adaptation to high-intensity exercise. Promoting apelinergic signaling may have benefits in aging- or disease-related muscle wasting conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Apelin levels decline with age. This study demonstrates that in trained mice, apelin deficiency results in a switch from fast type II myofibers to slow oxidative type I myofibers. This is associated with a concomitant change in gene expression profile toward fatty acid utilization, indicating an aged-muscle phenotype in exercised apelin-deficient mice. These data are of importance in the design of exercise programs for aging individuals and could offer therapeutic target to maintain muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Kilpiö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ábel Perjés
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia Swan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samu Saarimäki
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - István Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Le Moal E, Liu Y, Collerette-Tremblay J, Dumontier S, Fabre P, Molina T, Dort J, Orfi Z, Denault N, Boutin J, Michaud J, Giguère H, Desroches A, Trân K, Ellezam B, Vézina F, Bedard S, Raynaud C, Balg F, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Scott MS, Denault JB, Marsault E, Feige JN, Auger-Messier M, Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF. Apelin stimulation of the vascular skeletal muscle stem cell niche enhances endogenous repair in dystrophic mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabn8529. [PMID: 38507466 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Impaired skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function has long been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy (MD). Here, we showed that defects in the endothelial cell (EC) compartment of the vascular stem cell niche in mouse models of Duchenne MD, laminin α2-related MD, and collagen VI-related myopathy were associated with inefficient mobilization of MuSCs after tissue damage. Using chemoinformatic analysis, we identified the 13-amino acid form of the peptide hormone apelin (AP-13) as a candidate for systemic stimulation of skeletal muscle ECs. Systemic administration of AP-13 using osmotic pumps generated a pro-proliferative EC-rich niche that supported MuSC function through angiocrine factors and markedly improved tissue regeneration and muscle strength in all three dystrophic mouse models. Moreover, EC-specific knockout of the apelin receptor led to regenerative defects that phenocopied key pathological features of MD, including vascular defects, fibrosis, muscle fiber necrosis, impaired MuSC function, and reduced force generation. Together, these studies provide in vivo proof of concept that enhancing endogenous skeletal muscle repair by targeting the vascular niche is a viable therapeutic avenue for MD and characterized AP-13 as a candidate for further study for the systemic treatment of MuSC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yuguo Liu
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jasmin Collerette-Tremblay
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Simon Dumontier
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Paul Fabre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Junio Dort
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Denault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Joël Boutin
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine-Service de Cardiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Desroches
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kien Trân
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- CHU Sainte-Justine Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sonia Bedard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Catherine Raynaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frederic Balg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Bernard Denault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine-Service de Cardiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Tian G, Zheng Q, Zhang Q, Liu X, Lu X. Serum Elabela expression is decreased in hypertensive patients and could be associated with the progression of hypertensive renal damage. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:94. [PMID: 38297369 PMCID: PMC10832183 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela, a recently discovered hormonal peptide containing 32 amino acids, is a ligand for the apelin receptor. It can lower blood pressure and attenuate renal fibrosis. However, the clinicopathological relationship between Elabela level and renal damage caused by benign hypertension (BHT) and malignant hypertension (MHT) has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the clinicopathological correlation between serum Elabela level and renal damage caused by BHT and MHT. METHODS The participants comprised 50 patients and 25 age-matched healthy adults. The 50 patients were separated into two groups: MHT (n = 25) and BHT groups (n = 25). We analyzed their medical histories, demographics, and clinical examinations, including physical and laboratory tests. RESULTS The results showed that serum Elabela level decreased gradually with a continuous increase in blood pressure from the healthy control group, BHT, to MHT. Moreover, Elabela levels negatively correlated with BMI (R = - 0.27, P = 0.02), SBP (r = - 0.64, P < 0.01), DBP (r = - 0.58, P < 0.01), uric acid (r = - 0.39, P < 0.01), bun (r = - 0.53, P < 0.01), and Scr (r = - 0.53 P < 0.01) but positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.54, P < 0.01). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SBP was the variable most related to Elabela (t = - 5.592, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum Elabela levels decreased in patients with hypertension, especially malignant hypertension, and has the potential to be a marker of hypertension-related kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine &Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Qingru Zhang
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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7
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Zong Y, Wang Y, Hu Y, Wang Z. Clinical Significance of Apela in Acute Cardiorenal Insuffiency of Chronic Heart Failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 2024; 49:100-113. [PMID: 38237563 DOI: 10.1159/000536316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apela has a wide range of biological effects on the cardiovascular system, but the changes and significance of endogenous Apela in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and acute deterioration of cardiac and renal function are unclear. METHODS A total of 69 patients with stable CHF combined with well-preserved renal function were enrolled and followed for 12 months. The effects of Apela on human renal glomerular endothelial cells (hRGEC), human glomerular mesangial cells (hMC), and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were observed. RESULTS Serum Apela concentration was positively correlated with NYHA class (r = 0.711) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration (r = 0.303) but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = -0.374) and 6-min walk distance (r = -0.860) in patients with stable CHF. Twenty-one patients experiencing deterioration of renal and cardiac function were diagnosed with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) during the follow-up period. In addition, the serum Apela, as well as the difference in Apela between stable and worsening phases (ΔApela), was correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ΔeGFR in patients with CRS. Apela significantly inhibited the upregulated expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in hRGEC, hMC, and HK-2 cells. Apela inhibited the adhesion of THP-1 cells to hRGEC and promoted the tubular formation of hRGEC. Moreover, Apela enhanced the expression of MMP-9 in hMC but inhibited the upregulated expression of α-SMA and vimentin in HK-2 cells by AngII. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the level of Apela can be used to diagnose heart failure and assess the severity of cardiac dysfunction in patients with stable CHF, and its dynamic changes can be used to evaluate the damage to renal function in patients with CRS. Apela plays multiple protective effects on renal cells, highlighting its clinical application prospect in the prevention and treatment of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Lin X, Zhang H, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Xu C, Xie H, Ruan Q, Lin J, Huang C, Chai D. Honokiol ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting dissociation of the Nur77-LKB1 complex and activating the AMPK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18028. [PMID: 37985436 PMCID: PMC10805491 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key contributor to heart failure, and the molecular mechanisms underlying honokiol (HNK)-mediated cardioprotection against this condition remain worth further exploring. This study aims to investigate the effect of HNK on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to Ang II infusion, followed by HNK or vehicle treatment for 4 weeks. Our results showed that HNK treatment protected against Ang II-induced myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction in vivo and inhibited Ang II-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, HNK suppressed the Ang II-induced Nur77 expression at the transcriptional level and promoted ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Nur77, leading to dissociation of the Nur77-LKB1 complex. This facilitated the translocation of LKB1 into the cytoplasm and activated the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Our findings suggest that HNK attenuates pathological remodelling and cardiac dysfunction induced by Ang II by promoting dissociation of the Nur77-LKB1 complex and subsequent activation of AMPK signalling. This study uncovers a novel role of HNK on the LKB1-AMPK pathway to protect against cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yong Chu
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuze Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qinyun Ruan
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Kai Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Dajun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Cardiovascular Department, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Branch of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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9
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Chapman FA, Maguire JJ, Newby DE, Davenport AP, Dhaun N. Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2683-2696. [PMID: 37956047 PMCID: PMC10757586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Lu Y, Ran Y, Li H, Wen J, Cui X, Zhang X, Guan X, Cheng M. Micropeptides: origins, identification, and potential role in metabolism-related diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1106-1122. [PMID: 38057268 PMCID: PMC10710913 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides (miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. Although miPs are difficult to analyze and identify, a number of studies have begun to focus on them. More and more miPs have been revealed as essential for energy metabolism homeostasis, immune regulation, and tumor growth and development. Many reports have shown that miPs are especially essential for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and regulating mitochondrial function. MiPs are also involved in the progression of related diseases. This paper reviews the sources and identification of miPs, as well as the functional significance of miPs for metabolism-related diseases, with the aim of revealing their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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11
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Hu Y, Lin H, Yin L, Kong J, Zhang Y, Hu B, Li T, Zheng X, Yang Q, Ye S, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zheng C. ELABELA/APJ Axis Prevents Diabetic Glomerular Endothelial Injury by Regulating AMPK/NLRP3 Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:2343-2358. [PMID: 37540330 PMCID: PMC10673989 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), a recently discovered peptide, is highly expressed in adult kidneys and the endothelium system. It has been identified as a novel endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ). This study aims to investigate the role of ELA in diabetic glomerular endothelial pyroptosis and its underlying mechanism. Initially, a significant decrease in ELA mRNA levels was observed in the renal cortex of db/db mice and high glucose-treated glomerular endothelial cells (GECs). It was also found that ELA deficiency in ELA+/- mice significantly accelerated diabetic glomerular injury, as shown by exacerbated glomerular morphological damage, increased serum creatine and blood urea nitrogen, and elevated 24-h urinary albumin excretion. In addition, in vivo overexpression of ELA prevented diabetic glomerular injury, reduced von Willebrand factor expression, restored endothelial marker CD31 expression, and attenuated the production of adhesive molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Furthermore, in vitro studies confirmed that treatment with ELA inhibited GEC injury by regulating the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as indicated by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome formation, decreasing cleaved Caspase-1 production, and inhibiting interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 production. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the protective effects of ELA in GECs during hyperglycemia were diminished by inhibiting adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) using Compound C or by APJ deficiency. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence that ELA treatment could prevent diabetic glomerular endothelial injury, which is partly mediated by the regulation of the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Therefore, pharmacologically targeting ELA may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huangbo Lin
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bibi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiekun Li
- Nanjing Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Wang L, Tu W, Li X, Li C, Lu J, Dai P, Chen Y, Gu M, Li M, Jiang S, Yang G, Li S. Exercise improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation and apoptosis by regulating APJ/STAT3 in mice with stroke. Life Sci 2023; 332:122041. [PMID: 37657526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroke can induce cardiac dysfunction without a primary cardiac disease. Exercise can promote the overall rehabilitation of stroke patients and be beneficial for all kinds of heart diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of exercise in stroke-induced cardiac dysfunction are poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to distinguish the different effects of acute and long-term exercise and further study the mechanism of protection against cardiomyopathy caused by stroke. Mice underwent a single acute session or long-term exercise for 30 days, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and proinflammatory factors in the heart was evaluated. Then, overexpression of apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) transfected adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) and inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by Stattic were used in stroke mice or hypoxic cardiomyocytes. ML221 were used to inhibit APJ activity in exercise mouse. Thereafter, changes in apoptotic and proinflammatory factors were evaluated. The results demonstrated that chronic exercise prevented myocardial inflammation, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction after stroke. However, acute exercise did not have similar effects. Exercise maintained the levels of APJ expression and decreased phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3) activation to protect cardiomyocytes. Moreover, APJ overexpression promoted cardiomyocyte survival and reduced p-STAT3 levels. STAT3 inhibition also reduced apoptosis and proinflammatory factors in mice hearts. Conversely, the protective effect of exercise was eliminated by APJ inhibition. This study showed that exercise can maintain APJ expression and inhibit p-STAT3, thus, conferring protection against myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuqing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Lu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Dai
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuewei Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meilin Gu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Shengcun Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China; The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Chen P, Chen X. Advances in the study of ELABELA in renal physiological functions and related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276488. [PMID: 38026926 PMCID: PMC10644379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), also known as Toddler or Apela, is a novel endogenous ligand of the angiotensin receptor AT1-related receptor protein (APJ). ELA is highly expressed in human embryonic, cardiac, and renal tissues and involves various biological functions, such as embryonic development, blood circulation regulation, and maintaining body fluid homeostasis. ELA is also closely related to the occurrence and development of acute kidney injury, hypertensive kidney damage, diabetic nephropathy, renal tumors, and other diseases. Understanding the physiological role of ELA and its mechanism of action in kidney-related diseases would provide new targets and directions for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuRong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - MingChun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - XiaoYu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
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14
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Xu C, Yi X, Tang L, Wang H, Chu S, Yu J. Differential regulation of autophagy on urine-concentrating capability through modulating the renal AQP2 expression and renin-angiotensin system in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F503-F518. [PMID: 37589054 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular process of "self-eating," plays an essential role in renal pathophysiology. However, the effect of autophagy on urine-concentrating ability in physiological conditions is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the relevance and mechanisms of autophagy for maintaining urine-concentrating capability during antidiuresis. The extent of the autophagic response to water deprivation (WD) was different between the renal cortex and medulla in mice. Autophagy activity levels in the renal cortex were initially suppressed and then stimulated by WD in a time-dependent manner. During 48 h WD, the urine-concentrating capability of mice was impaired by rapamycin (Rapa) but not by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), accompanied by suppressed renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2), V2 receptor (V2R), renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression, and levels of prorenin/renin, angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone in the plasma and urine. In contrast, 3-MA and chloroquine (CQ) suppressed the urine-concentrating capability in WD72 mice, accompanied by downregulation of AQP2 and V2R expression in the renal cortex. 3-MA and CQ further increased AQP2 and V2R expression in the renal medulla of WD72 mice. Compared with 3-MA and CQ, Rapa administration yielded completely opposite results on the above parameters in WD72 mice. In addition, 3-MA and CQ abolished the upregulation of prorenin/renin, ANG II, and aldosterone levels in the plasma and urine in WD72 mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated that autophagy regulated urine-concentrating capability through differential regulation of renal AQP2/V2R and ACE/ANG II signaling during WD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Autophagy exhibits a double-edged effect on cell survival and plays an essential role in renal pathophysiology. We for the first time reported a novel function of autophagy that controls the urine-concentrating capability in physiological conditions. We found that water deprivation (WD) differentially regulated autophagy in the kidneys of mice in a time-dependent manner and autophagy regulates the urine-concentrating capability mainly by regulating AQP2/V2R and ACE/ANG II signaling in the renal cortex in WD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Tang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Chu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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15
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Hong Y, Li J, Zhong Y, Yang S, Pei L, Huang Z, Chen X, Wu H, Zheng G, Zeng C, Wu H, Wang T. Elabela inhibits TRAF1/NF-κB induced oxidative DNA damage to promote diabetic foot ulcer wound healing. iScience 2023; 26:107601. [PMID: 37664606 PMCID: PMC10469767 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes. Elabela (ELA), a ligand of apelin receptor (APJ), was shown to promote angiogenesis and suppress inflammation. This study aimed to illustrate the role of ELA in DFU wound healing. A whole-skin defect model was constructed using db/m and db/db mice to observe the effects of ELA on wound healing. The function of ELA in endothelial cells cultured in high glucose medium was investigated. Administration of ELA in peri-wound area of db/db mice accelerated wound closure and reduced inflammatory infiltration. Indicators of DNA damage, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and tail DNA amounts, were downregulated by ELA but compromised after TRAF1 overexpression. ELA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation improved cell migration and angiogenesis, which were blocked by APJ silencing. The findings imply that ELA suppresses TRAF1-mediated NF-κB signal activation, reducing ROS-related oxidative DNA damage and improving protection of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Hong
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yinsheng Zhong
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Liying Pei
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zijie Huang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
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16
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Sayour NV, Tóth VÉ, Nagy RN, Vörös I, Gergely TG, Onódi Z, Nagy N, Bödör C, Váradi B, Ruppert M, Radovits T, Bleckwedel F, Zelarayán LC, Pacher P, Ágg B, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Droplet Digital PCR Is a Novel Screening Method Identifying Potential Cardiac G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Candidate Pharmacological Targets in a Rat Model of Pressure-Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13826. [PMID: 37762130 PMCID: PMC10531061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel drug targets is needed to improve the outcomes of heart failure (HF). G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of targets for already approved drugs, thus providing an opportunity for drug repurposing. Here, we aimed (i) to investigate the differential expressions of 288 cardiac GPCRs via droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in a rat model of left ventricular pressure-overload; (ii) to compare RNAseq findings with those of ddPCR; and (iii) to screen and test for novel, translatable GPCR drug targets in HF. Male Wistar rats subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC, n = 5) showed significant systolic dysfunction vs. sham operated animals (SHAM, n = 5) via echocardiography. In TAC vs. SHAM hearts, RNAseq identified 69, and ddPCR identified 27 significantly differentially expressed GPCR mRNAs, 8 of which were identified using both methods, thus showing a correlation between the two methods. Of these, Prostaglandin-F2α-receptor (Ptgfr) was further investigated and localized on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in murine hearts via RNA-Scope. Antagonizing Ptgfr via AL-8810 reverted angiotensin-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. In conclusion, using ddPCR as a novel screening method, we were able to identify GPCR targets in HF. We also show that the antagonism of Ptgfr could be a novel target in HF by alleviating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil V. Sayour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória É. Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina N. Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G. Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Nagy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federico Bleckwedel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura C. Zelarayán
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Wang CW, Chuang HC, Tan TH. ACE2 in chronic disease and COVID-19: gene regulation and post-translational modification. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:71. [PMID: 37608279 PMCID: PMC10464117 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a counter regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, provides protection against several chronic diseases. Besides chronic diseases, ACE2 is the host receptor for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 virus, mediating the first step of virus infection. ACE2 levels are regulated by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation or modification. ACE2 transcription is enhanced by transcription factors including Ikaros, HNFs, GATA6, STAT3 or SIRT1, whereas ACE2 transcription is reduced by the transcription factor Brg1-FoxM1 complex or ERRα. ACE2 levels are also regulated by histone modification or miRNA-induced destabilization. The protein kinase AMPK, CK1α, or MAP4K3 phosphorylates ACE2 protein and induces ACE2 protein levels by decreasing its ubiquitination. The ubiquitination of ACE2 is induced by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 or UBR4 and decreased by the deubiquitinase UCHL1 or USP50. ACE2 protein levels are also increased by the E3 ligase PIAS4-mediated SUMOylation or the methyltransferase PRMT5-mediated ACE2 methylation, whereas ACE2 protein levels are decreased by AP2-mediated lysosomal degradation. ACE2 is downregulated in several human chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, or lung injury. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 upregulates ACE2 levels, enhancing host cell susceptibility to virus infection. Moreover, soluble ACE2 protein and exosomal ACE2 protein facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection into host cells. In this review, we summarize the gene regulation and post-translational modification of ACE2 in chronic disease and COVID-19. Understanding the regulation and modification of ACE2 may help to develop prevention or treatment strategies for ACE2-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Wang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
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18
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Xu C. Cardiovascular aspects of ELABELA: A potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107193. [PMID: 37433415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor), has been known as an important regulator in cardiovascular homeostasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). At the physiological level, ELABELA exhibits angiogenic and vasorelaxant effects and is essential for heart development. At the pathological level, circulating ELABELA levels may be a novel diagnostic biomarker for various CVDs. ELABELA peripherally displays antihypertensive, vascular-protective, and cardioprotective effects, whereas central administration of ELABELA elevated BP and caused cardiovascular remodeling. This review highlights the physiological and pathological roles of ELABELA in the cardiovascular system. Enhancement of the peripheral ELABELA may be a promising pharmacological therapeutic strategy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Xi Y, Li Y, Ren W, Bo W, Ma Y, Pan S, Gong DAW, Tian Z. ELABELA-APJ-Akt/YAP Signaling Axis: A Novel Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise in Cardioprotection of Myocardial Infarction Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1172-1183. [PMID: 36878020 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanisms of ELABELA (ELA) in the aerobic exercise-induced antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of ischemic heart. METHODS The myocardial infarction (MI) model of Sprague-Dawley rat was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. MI rats underwent 5 wk of Fc-ELA-21 subcutaneous injection and aerobic exercise training using a motorized rodent treadmill. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Cardiac pathological remodeling was evaluated by Masson's staining and the calculation of left ventricular weight index. Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Cell culture and treatment were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ELA. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis was observed by tubule formation test. One-way or two-way ANOVA and Student's t -test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Aerobic exercise stimulated the endogenous ELA expression. Exercise and Fc-ELA-21 intervention significantly activated APJ-Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway, kept more cardiomyocytes alive, and increased angiogenesis, so as to inhibit the cardiac pathological remodeling and improved the heart function of MI rats. Fc-ELA-32 also had the cellular and functional cardioprotective activities in vivo . In vitro , ELA-14 peptide regulated the phosphorylation and nucleoplasmic translocation of YAP and activated the APJ-Akt signaling pathway so as to increase the proliferation of H9C2 cells. Moreover, the antiapoptosis and the tubule formation of HUVECs were also enhanced by ELA-14, whereas the inhibition of Akt activity weakened such effects. CONCLUSIONS ELA is a potential therapeutic member that plays a key role through APJ-Akt/YAP signaling axis in aerobic exercise-induced cardioprotection of MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - DA-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
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20
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Rossin D, Vanni R, Lo Iacono M, Cristallini C, Giachino C, Rastaldo R. APJ as Promising Therapeutic Target of Peptide Analogues in Myocardial Infarction- and Hypertension-Induced Heart Failure. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051408. [PMID: 37242650 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely expressed G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ) is activated by two bioactive endogenous peptides, apelin and ELABELA (ELA). The apelin/ELA-APJ-related pathway has been found involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological cardiovascular processes. Increasing studies are deepening the role of the APJ pathway in limiting hypertension and myocardial ischaemia, thus reducing cardiac fibrosis and adverse tissue remodelling, outlining APJ regulation as a potential therapeutic target for heart failure prevention. However, the low plasma half-life of native apelin and ELABELA isoforms lowered their potential for pharmacological applications. In recent years, many research groups focused their attention on studying how APJ ligand modifications could affect receptor structure and dynamics as well as its downstream signalling. This review summarises the novel insights regarding the role of APJ-related pathways in myocardial infarction and hypertension. Furthermore, recent progress in designing synthetic compounds or analogues of APJ ligands able to fully activate the apelinergic pathway is reported. Determining how to exogenously regulate the APJ activation could help to outline a promising therapy for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Roberto Vanni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Caterina Cristallini
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, CNR, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
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21
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Pang B, Jiang YR, Xu JY, Shao DX, Hao LY. Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175727. [PMID: 37062502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most significant public health problems faced by millions of medical researchers worldwide. And pathological cardiac hypertrophy is considered one of the possible factors of increasing the risk of heart failure. Here, we introduce apelin/ELABELA-APJ system as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy, bringing about new directions in clinical treatment. Apelin has been proven to regulate cardiac hypertrophy through various pathways. And an increasing number of studies on ELABELA, the newly discovered endogenous ligand, suggest it can alleviate cardiac hypertrophy through mechanisms similar or different to apelin. In this review, we elaborate on the role that apelin/ELABELA-APJ system plays in cardiac hypertrophy and the intricate mechanisms that apelin/ELABELA-APJ affect cardiac hypertrophy. We also illuminate and make comparisons of the newly designed peptides and small molecules as agonists and antagonists for APJ, updating the breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yin-Ru Jiang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jia-Yao Xu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Dong-Xue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Li-Ying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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22
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Benfante V, Stefano A, Ali M, Laudicella R, Arancio W, Cucchiara A, Caruso F, Cammarata FP, Coronnello C, Russo G, Miele M, Vieni A, Tuttolomondo A, Yezzi A, Comelli A. An Overview of In Vitro Assays of 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Radiometric Counters in the Era of Radiotheranostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071210. [PMID: 37046428 PMCID: PMC10093267 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclides are unstable isotopes that mainly emit alpha (α), beta (β) or gamma (γ) radiation through radiation decay. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field to label biomolecules or drugs for diagnostic imaging applications, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and/or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A growing field of research is the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for use in cancer treatments. Preclinical studies are the gold standard for translational research. Specifically, in vitro radiopharmaceutical studies are based on the use of radiopharmaceuticals directly on cells. To date, radiometric β- and γ-counters are the only tools able to assess a preclinical in vitro assay with the aim of estimating uptake, retention, and release parameters, including time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and kinetic parameters. This review has been designed for researchers, such as biologists and biotechnologists, who would like to approach the radiobiology field and conduct in vitro assays for cellular radioactivity evaluations using radiometric counters. To demonstrate the importance of in vitro radiopharmaceutical assays using radiometric counters with a view to radiogenomics, many studies based on 64Cu-, 68Ga-, 125I-, and 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have been revised and summarized in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Benfante
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefano
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Walter Arancio
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Cucchiara
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caruso
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Claudia Coronnello
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Miele
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vieni
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anthony Yezzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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23
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Rubattu S. Elabela Peptide: A New Player in Hypertension and Vascular Damage. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:5-6. [PMID: 36508150 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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24
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Adiarto S, Prakoso R, Firdaus I, Indriani S, Rudiktyo E, Widyantoro B, Ambari AM, Sukmawan R. A Novel Peptide Elabela is Associated with Hypertension-Related Subclinical Atherosclerosis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:37-44. [PMID: 36449232 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elabela is a newly identified peptide which, alongside apelin, acts as an endogenous ligand that activates the angiotensin receptor-like 1 receptor. Previous studies have shown the association of elabela with hypertension, but information about the role of elabela in hypertension-related subclinical atherosclerosis is scarce. AIM We aimed to determine the elabela levels in hypertensive patients and explore its association with subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 104 subjects with hypertension were included in the study. Elabela levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by first extracting the peptide following the manufacturer's instructions. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasound. RESULTS Compared to stage 1, elabela levels decreased in stage 2 hypertension (0.23 [0.13, 0.45] ng/ml vs. 0.14 [0.09, 0.23] ng/ml; P = 0.000), and in the group with increased carotid IMT compared to normal IMT (0.24 [0.13, 0.38] ng/ml vs. 0.15 [0.10, 0.23] ng/ml; P = 0.005). Additionally, a linear correlation analysis showed that elabela had a significant negative correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = - 0.340, P = 0.000) and carotid IMT (r = - 0.213; P = 0.030). In multivariate analysis, lower elabela levels were associated with a higher cardiovascular risk group in this study (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8-13.5, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that circulating elabela declined in a higher stage of hypertension and hypertensive patients with increased carotid IMT, implicating that elabela may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension-associated subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suko Adiarto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Radityo Prakoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isman Firdaus
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Suci Indriani
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Estu Rudiktyo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Widyantoro
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Meidian Ambari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Renan Sukmawan
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Respekta N, Pich K, Dawid M, Mlyczyńska E, Kurowska P, Rak A. The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010150. [PMID: 36611944 PMCID: PMC9818302 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system comprises two peptide ligands, apelin and ELABELA, and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptor, the apelin receptor APJ. Apelin is a peptide that was isolated from bovine stomach extracts; the distribution of the four main active forms, apelin-36, -17, -13, and pyr-apelin-13 differs between tissues. The mature form of ELABELA-32 can be transformed into forms called ELABELA-11 or -21. The biological function of the apelinergic system is multifaceted, and includes the regulation of angiogenesis, body fluid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. This review summarises the mechanism of the apelinergic system in cell apoptosis. Depending on the cell/tissue, the apelinergic system modulates cell apoptosis by activating various signalling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), 5'AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptosis is critically important during various developmental processes, and any dysfunction leads to pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The purpose of this review is to present data that suggest a significant role of the apelinergic system as a potential agent in various therapies.
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Janssens P, Decuypere JP, Bammens B, Llorens-Cortes C, Vennekens R, Mekahli D. The emerging role of the apelinergic system in kidney physiology and disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2314-2326. [PMID: 33744967 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system (AS) is a novel pleiotropic system with an essential role in renal and cardiovascular physiology and disease, including water homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. It consists of two highly conserved peptide ligands, apelin and apela, and a G-protein-coupled apelin receptor. The two ligands have many isoforms and a short half-life and exert both similar and divergent effects. Vasopressin, apelin and their receptors colocalize in hypothalamic regions essential for body fluid homeostasis and interact at the central and renal levels to regulate water homeostasis and diuresis in inverse directions. In addition, the AS and renin-angiotensin system interact both systemically and in the kidney, with implications for the cardiovascular system. A role for the AS in diverse pathological states, including disorders of sodium and water balance, hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, acute kidney injury, sepsis and diabetic nephropathy, has recently been reported. Furthermore, several metabolically stable apelin analogues have been developed, with potential applications in diverse diseases. We review here what is currently known about the physiological functions of the AS, focusing on renal, cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and the role of the AS in associated diseases. We also describe several hurdles and research opportunities worthy of the attention of the nephrology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssens
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussell), Department of Nephrology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Rostamzadeh F, Najafipour H, Yazdani R, Nakhaei S, Alinaghi Langari A. Changes in serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: association with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and severity of disease. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:243. [PMID: 36352477 PMCID: PMC9645746 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is an infectious disease currently spreading worldwide. The COVID-19 virus requires angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, an enzyme that plays a vital role in regulating the apelinergic system for entry into target cells. The underlying diseases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects with and without the mentioned risk factors. Methods Serum samples were taken from 69 COVID-19 patients and 71-matched non-COVID-19 participants enrolled in the Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors cohort study. Study participants were divided into eight groups of control (healthy), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, COVID-19, COVID-19 + hypertension, COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 + obesity (n = 15–20 in each group). Serum apelin and nitrite were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric methods, respectively. Results Hypertensive and obese patients had lower serum apelin compared to the control group. In addition, apelin content was lower in the COVID-19 and COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus groups compared to the non-COVID-19 counterpart groups. Serum apelin levels were positively associated with arterial O2sat. and negatively with the severity of lung involvement. Nitric oxide metabolites were significantly lower in the COVID-19, COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 + obesity groups. Conclusions The lower apelin and nitric oxide levels in patients with hypertension and obesity or their reduction due to infection with COVID-19 or concomitant COVID-19 + diabetes mellitus may make them vulnerable to experiencing severe diseases.
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Ye C, Geng Z, Zhang LL, Zheng F, Zhou YB, Zhu GQ, Xiong XQ. Chronic infusion of ELABELA alleviates vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative effects. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2573-2584. [PMID: 35260820 PMCID: PMC9525578 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activation and oxidative stress promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which accounts for pathological vascular remodeling in hypertension. ELABELA (ELA) is the second endogenous ligand for angiotensin receptor-like 1 (APJ) receptor that has been discovered thus far. In this study, we investigated whether ELA regulated VSMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We showed that compared to that in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs), ELA expression was markedly decreased in the VSMCs of SHRs. Exogenous ELA-21 significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokines and NADPH oxidase 1 expression, reactive oxygen species production and VSMC proliferation and increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in VSMCs. Osmotic minipump infusion of exogenous ELA-21 in SHRs for 4 weeks significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure, alleviated vascular remodeling and ameliorated vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in SHRs. In VSMCs of WKY, angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced inflammatory activation, oxidative stress and VSMC proliferation were attenuated by pretreatment with exogenous ELA-21 but were exacerbated by ELA knockdown. Moreover, ELA-21 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in both SHR-VSMCs and Ang II-treated WKY-VSMCs. We further revealed that exogenous ELA-21-induced inhibition of proliferation and PI3K/Akt signaling were amplified by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, while the APJ receptor antagonist F13A abolished ELA-21-induced PI3K/Akt inhibition and Nrf2 activation in VSMCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that ELA-21 alleviates vascular remodeling through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative effects in SHRs, indicating that ELA-21 may be a therapeutic agent for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Feng M, Xu Z, Cheng Z, Qian L. ELA-11 protects the heart against oxidative stress injury induced apoptosis through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873614. [PMID: 36160397 PMCID: PMC9492932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence revealed that apoptosis and oxidative stress injury were associated with the pathophysiology of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial injury. ELABELA (ELA) is a newly identified peptide with 32 amino acids, can reduce hypertension with exogenous infusion. However, the effect of 11-residue furn-cleaved fragment (ELA-11) is still unclear. We first administrated ELA-11 in DOX-injured mice and measured the cardiac function and investigated the effect of ELA-11 in vivo. We found that ELA-11 alleviated heart injury induced by DOX and inhibited cardiac tissues from apoptosis. In vitro, ELA-11 regulated the sensitivity towards apoptosis induced by oxidative stress with DOX treatment through PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Similarly, ELA-11 inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-injured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ELA-11 protected cardiomyocyte by interacting with Apelin receptor (APJ) by using 4-oxo-6-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio) methyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (ML221). Hence, our results indicated a protective role of ELA-11 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in DOX-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwen Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijie Cheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zijie Cheng, ; Lingmei Qian,
| | - Lingmei Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zijie Cheng, ; Lingmei Qian,
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Qi Y, Hou Y, Ma M, Li X, Wu J. Circulating levels of Elabela in pregnant women with missed abortion. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:693-696. [PMID: 35758889 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2090539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to detect Elabela concentrations in the serum of Missed abortion (MA) and compare them with the healthy pregnancies.Materials and methodsThis retrospective case-control study was performed in the second affiliated hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University March 2019 to September 2019. A total of 108 healthy (35 early, 36 middle and 37 late) pregnant women and 25 (early gestational stage) MA patients were involved. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. The concentration of plasma Elabela was examined using ELISA.ResultsThe level of plasma Elabela was increased in early and middle stages and decreased in late stage of healthy pregnant women. Maternal serum Elabela levels were significantly lower in MA patients (4.59 ± 1.23 ng/mL) compared to healthy pregnant women (5.77 ± 1.21 ng/mL, p < 0.01).ConclusionMaternal circulating levels of Elabela were significantly lower in MA patients than in healthy pregnant women. We consider that Elabela might be a crucial biomarker of the pathophysiologic process in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuemin Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Miaoyan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yue Y, Liu L, Wu LJ, Wu Y, Wang L, Li F, Liu J, Han GW, Chen B, Lin X, Brouillette RL, Breault É, Longpré JM, Shi S, Lei H, Sarret P, Stevens RC, Hanson MA, Xu F. Structural insight into apelin receptor-G protein stoichiometry. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:688-697. [PMID: 35817871 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The technique of cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized the field of membrane protein structure and function with a focus on the dominantly observed molecular species. This report describes the structural characterization of a fully active human apelin receptor (APJR) complexed with heterotrimeric G protein observed in both 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometric ratios. We use cryo-EM single-particle analysis to determine the structural details of both species from the same sample preparation. Protein preparations, in the presence of the endogenous peptide ligand ELA or a synthetic small molecule, both demonstrate these mixed stoichiometric states. Structural differences in G protein engagement between dimeric and monomeric APJR suggest a role for the stoichiometry of G protein-coupled receptor- (GPCR-)G protein coupling on downstream signaling and receptor pharmacology. Furthermore, a small, hydrophobic dimer interface provides a starting framework for additional class A GPCR dimerization studies. Together, these findings uncover a mechanism of versatile regulation through oligomerization by which GPCRs can modulate their signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lier Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gye-Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rebecca L Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émile Breault
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Songting Shi
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang H, Shi J, Shi S, Bo R, Zhang X, Hu Y. Bibliometric analysis on the progress of chronic heart failure. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101213. [PMID: 35525461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the terminal stage of a variety of heart diseases with higher morbidity and mortality. Although CHF has been studied for decades, the comprehensive analysis by bibliometrics has not been done. So, we analyzed the scientific outputs of global chronic heart failureresearches, explored the current research status and hotpots from 2009 to 2019. METHODS Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was the data source, and the data was retrieved on June 25, 2020, according to the set search strategy. Bibliometrics tools- CiteSpace V (Drexel university, Chaomei Chen) and VOS viewer (Leiden University, van Eck NJ)-were used for analyzing published literature and exploring research hotspots and frontier directions. RESULTS A total of 21,484 articles were included, and the rate of published articles increased from 2009 to 2019 annually. United States of America (USA) was the leading country, Duke University was the leading institution, and Stefan D Anker was the most productive researcher in this field. The analysis of keywords showed that mortality, risk, outcomes, association, and dysfunction were the main hotpots and frontier directions of CHF. CONCLUSION Bibliometric analysis of the outputs on CHF shows an overall view about the current status of the research on CHF. Clinical treatment and the associations among organs in the patients with CHF are the major research frontiers. However, further research and collaboration are still required worldwide. Our findings can help researchers grasp the research status of CHF and determine new directions for future researches as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Rongqiang Bo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Vascular Functional Effect Mechanisms of Elabela in Rat Thoracic Aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:381-397. [PMID: 35472496 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela is a recently discovered peptide hormone. The present study aims to investigate the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela in the rat thoracic aorta. METHODS The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were placed in the isolated tissue bath system. Resting tension was set to 1 gram. After the equilibration period, the vessel rings were contracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride. Once a stable contraction was achieved, elabela-32 was applied cumulatively (10-9 - 10-6 molar) to the vascular rings. The experimental protocol was repeated in the presence of specific signaling pathway inhibitors or potassium channel blockers to determine the effect mechanisms of elabela. RESULTS Elabela showed a significant vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was significantly reduced by the apelin receptor antagonist F13A, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin, protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolmaleimide, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker iberiotoxin, and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker TRAM-34 (p < 0.001). However, the vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was not significantly affected by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSIONS Elabela exhibits a prominent vasodilator effect in rat thoracic aorta. Apelin receptor, prostanoids, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium-activated potassium channels are involved in the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela.
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Chen D, Yu W, Zhong C, Hong Q, Huang G, Que D, Wang Y, Yang Y, Rui B, Zhuang Z, Liang M, Ye Z, Yan X, Lv J, Zhang R, Yan J, Yang P. Elabela ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting autophagic flux through TFEB pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106186. [PMID: 35306141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used and effective antineoplastic drug; however, its clinical application is limited by cardiotoxicity. A safe and effective strategy to prevent from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is still beyond reach. Elabela (ELA), a new APJ ligand, has exerted cardioprotective effect against multiple cardiovascular diseases. Here, we asked whether ELA alleviates DIC. Mice were injected with DOX to established acute DIC. In vivo studies were assessed with echocardiography, serum cTnT and CK-MB, HW/BW ratio and WGA staining. Cell death and atrophy were measured by AM/PI staining and phalloidin staining respectively in vitro. Autophagic flux was monitored with Transmission electron microscopy in vivo, as well as LysoSensor and mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta in vitro. Our results showed that ELA improved cardiac dysfunction in DIC mice. ELA administration also attenuated cell death and atrophy in DOX-challenged neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs). Additionally, we found that ELA restored DOX-induced autophagic flux blockage, which was evidenced by the reverse of p62 and LC3II, improvement of lysosome function and accelerated degradation of accumulated autolysosomes. Chloroquine, a classical autophagic flux inhibitor, blunted the improvement of ELA on cardiac dysfunction. At last, we revealed that ELA reversed DOX-induced downregulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), and silencing TFEB by siRNA abrogated the effects of ELA on autophagic flux as well as cell death and atrophy in NRCs. In conclusion, this study indicated that ELA ameliorated DIC through enhancing autophagic flux via activating TFEB. ELA may become a potential target against DIC.
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Zhang Z, Tang J, Song J, Xie M, Liu Y, Dong Z, Liu X, Li X, Zhang M, Chen Y, Shi H, Zhong J. Elabela alleviates ferroptosis, myocardial remodeling, fibrosis and heart dysfunction in hypertensive mice by modulating the IL-6/STAT3/GPX4 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:130-142. [PMID: 35122997 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-mediated pathological cardiac remodeling often progresses to heart failure. Elabela, mainly expressed in the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs), functions as a new endogenous ligand for apelin receptor. However, the exact roles of elabela in hypertension remain largely unclear. In this study, 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly subjected to infusion of angiotensin (Ang) II (1.5 mg/kg/d) or saline for 2 weeks. Ang II infusion led to marked increases in systolic blood pressure levels and reduction of elabela levels in hypertensive mice with augmented myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, administration of elabela or ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 significantly prevented Ang II-mediated pathological myocardial remodeling, dysfunction, and ultrastructural injury in hypertensive mice with downregulated expression of inflammation-, hypertrophy-, and fibrosis-related genes. Notably, elabela strikingly alleviated Ang II-induced upregulation of iron levels and lipid peroxidation in hypertensive mice by suppressing cardiac interleukin-6 (IL-6)/STAT3 signaling and activating the xCT/glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) signaling. In cultured CMVECs, exposure to Ang II resulted in a marked decrease in elabela levels and obvious increases in cellular ferroptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and superoxide production, which were rescued by elabela or ferrostatin-1 while were blocked by co-treatment with rhIL-6. Furthermore, knockdown of elabela by siRNA in CMVECs contributed to Ang II-mediated augmentations in cellular proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, respectively. In conclusion, elabela antagonizes Ang II-mediated promotion of CMVECs ferroptosis, adverse myocardial remodeling, fibrosis and heart dysfunction through modulating the IL-6/STAT3/GPX4 signaling pathway. Targeting elabela-APJ axis serves as a novel strategy for hypertensive heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Jiawei Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojie Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miwen Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201900, China.
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Multi-Omics Characterization of a Human Stem Cell-Based Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020293. [PMID: 35207580 PMCID: PMC8875317 DOI: 10.3390/life12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac myopathy that may lead to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are yet not well understood. To increase the knowledge about mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, we have developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy and performed extensive characterization using a multi-omics approach. In a series of experiments, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Endothelin-1 for 8, 24, 48, and 72 h, and their transcriptome and secreted proteome were analyzed. The transcriptomic data show many enriched canonical pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy already at the earliest time point, e.g., cardiac hypertrophy signaling. An integrated transcriptome–secretome analysis enabled the identification of multimodal biomarkers that may prove highly relevant for monitoring early cardiac hypertrophy progression. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate that our in vitro model displays a hypertrophic response on both transcriptomic- and secreted-proteomic levels. The results also shed novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, and novel putative early cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers have been identified that warrant further investigation to assess their potential clinical relevance.
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Chen X, Zhou C, Xu D, Liu X, Li S, Hou J, Zhang K, Zeng C, Zheng G, Wu H, Wu H, Wang W, Fu J, Wang T. Peptide hormone ELABELA promotes rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and migration by manipulating the cell cycle through the PI3K/AKT pathway under the hypoxia and ischemia microenvironmemt. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 35090551 PMCID: PMC8796437 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a potential candidate for stem cell transplantation to repair myocardial tissue in myocardial infarctions (MI). However, there are some pivotal limitations such as poor survival and low migration capacity of MSCs in hypoxic and ischemic microenvironments of MI. Our previous work verified that ELABELA (also abbreviated as ELA), a peptide hormone, could play a role as a growth factor and prolong the life span of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RAT BM-MSCs) under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. Nevertheless, the influence of ELA on the cell cycle, proliferation, and migration remains elusive. This study will further explore the improvement of the biological functions of ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs, so as to provide a reference for improving the efficacy of RAT BM-MSCs in MI. METHODS Rat BM-MSCs were isolated from 80 to 120 g Sprague Dawley rats by flushing femurs and tibias under the aseptic condition. RAT BM-MSCs of the third passage were divided into control group, hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) group, ELA group, ELA-LY group and LY group. RAT BM-MSCs were cultured under normoxia in control group. In H/I group, RAT BM-MSCs were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) and serum deprivation for 24 h. RAT BM-MSCs in ELA group were treated with 5 µM ELA prior to the H/I exposure for 24 h. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002 (50 µM), was used in ELA-LY group and LY group to observe the effect of ELA on PI3K/AKT activation. Cell proliferation ability was examined by CCK-8. Cell cycle was assessed with flow cytometry. Cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. Expression levels of total-AKT, phosphorylated-AKT, and cell cycle-associated proteins were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs exhibited significantly higher proliferation ability, cell viability, and migration under H/I conditions. The cell cycle analysis showed that an increased proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle were observed in ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs. The addition of ELA activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, upon treating with the inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, ELA-triggered proliferation, cell viability, and migration were abrogated. CONCLUSIONS ELA can be used to enhance the proliferation ability, cell viability, and migration of RAT BM-MSCs through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and alleviate cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase under hypoxic and ischemic injury. Thus, this study provides a promising strategy that ELA may help to optimize the mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daishi Xu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Li
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanglong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuming Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Cui C, Zhou H, Xu J. ELABELA acts as a protective biomarker in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Dis 2022; 13:6876-6884. [PMID: 35070372 PMCID: PMC8743407 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of clinical arrhythmia. An early diagnosis can be beneficial in the prevention of complications, such as heart failure (HF) and stroke. In this study, we revealed that ELABELA (ELA) acts as a protective factor in patients with arrhythmia and could serve as a prognostic marker for AF and its associated complication of HF. Methods We tested the expression level of potential biomarkers including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and ELA with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum derived from 131 patients (patients with AF =103; patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia =28). The impact of clinical risk factors and biomarkers on AF occurrence was evaluated using binary logistic analysis. Results The ELA expression level was lower in AF patients than in the negative controls (P<0.0001). Expression of ELA was negatively correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression in all the samples. In the binary logistic analysis, high levels of BNP and lower levels of ELA were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF (P<0.0001) and could be used as prognostic markers for patients with AF. Conclusions Expression of ELA showed a protective role in AF patients. The ELA level was negatively correlated with BNP levels, which has been shown to predict a high risk of HF independently and consistently. Additionally, lower levels of ELA were associated with a high risk of AF and HF in patients with arrhythmia. Keywords ELABELA (ELA); matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9); tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1); atrial fibrillation (AF); brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Cui
- Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Tran K, Sainsily X, Côté J, Coquerel D, Couvineau P, Saibi S, Haroune L, Besserer-Offroy É, Flynn-Robitaille J, Resua Rojas M, Murza A, Longpré JM, Auger-Messier M, Lesur O, Bouvier M, Marsault É, Boudreault PL, Sarret P. Size-Reduced Macrocyclic Analogues of [Pyr 1]-apelin-13 Showing Negative Gα 12 Bias Still Produce Prolonged Cardiac Effects. J Med Chem 2022; 65:531-551. [PMID: 34982553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a series of macrocyclic analogues of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) with increased plasma stability and potent APJ agonist properties. Based on the most promising compound in this series, we synthesized and then evaluated novel macrocyclic compounds of Ape13 to identify agonists with specific pharmacological profiles. These efforts led to the development of analogues 39 and 40, which possess reduced molecular weight (MW 1020 Da vs Ape13, 1534 Da). Interestingly, compound 39 (Ki 0.6 nM), which does not activate the Gα12 signaling pathway while maintaining potency and efficacy similar to Ape13 to activate Gαi1 (EC50 0.8 nM) and β-arrestin2 recruitment (EC50 31 nM), still exerts cardiac actions. In addition, analogue 40 (Ki 5.6 nM), exhibiting a favorable Gα12-biased signaling and an increased in vivo half-life (t1/2 3.7 h vs <1 min of Ape13), produces a sustained cardiac response up to 6 h after a single subcutaneous bolus injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Tran
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Sainsily
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - David Coquerel
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Couvineau
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Martin Resua Rojas
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
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40
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Berezin AA, Fushtey IM, Berezin AE. Discriminative Utility of Apelin-to-NT-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Ratio for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010023. [PMID: 35050233 PMCID: PMC8779441 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apelin is a regulatory vasoactive peptide, which plays a pivotal role in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether serum levels of apelin is associated with HF with preserved election fraction (HFpEF) in patients with T2DM. Methods: The study retrospectively involved 101 T2DM patients aged 41 to 62 years (48 patients with HFpEF and 28 non-HFpEF patients). The healthy control group consisted of 25 individuals with matched age and sex. Data collection included demographic and anthropometric information, hemodynamic performances and biomarkers of the disease. Transthoracic B-mode echocardiography, Doppler and TDI were performed at baseline. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and apelin were measured by ELISA in all patients at the study entry. Results: Unadjusted multivariate logistic model yielded the only apelin to NT-proBNP ratio (OR = 1.44; p = 0.001), BMI > 34 кг/м2 (OR = 1.07; p = 0.036), NT-proBNP > 458 pmol/mL (OR = 1.17; p = 0.042), LAVI > 34 mL/m2 (OR = 1.06; p = 0.042) and E/e’ > 11 (OR = 1.04; p = 0.044) remained to be strong predictors for HFpEF. After obesity adjustment, multivariate logistic regression showed that the apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units remained sole independent predictor for HFpEF (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18–2.77; p = 0.001) HFpEF in T2DM patients. In conclusion, we found that apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units better predicted HFpEF in T2DM patients than apelin and NT-proBNP alone. This finding could open new approach for CV risk stratification of T2DM at higher risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine; (A.A.B.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Ivan M. Fushtey
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine; (A.A.B.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-612-894-585
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41
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Gulumsek E, Sumbul HE, Yesildal F, Kizildag C, Ozturk DD, Avci BS, Aktas B, Avci A, Bayrak E, Tas A, Kara B. Serum Elabela level is related to endoscopic activity index in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:1171-1176. [PMID: 35000117 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis patients, Elabela levels and the relation of Elabela with laboratory parameters is unknown. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum Elabela levels in UC patients and its relationship with other clinical and laboratory findings. METHODS Forty-three patients with UC and 40 healthy controls (group I) similar in age and gender were included in the study. Routine patient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests were followed by analysis of serum Elabela levels. Endoscopic activity index (EAI) of patients with UC was calculated. There were two groups of patients: those in remission (group II) and with active disease (group III). RESULTS Groups I, II, and III had 40, 22, and 21 participants, respectively. Serum Elabela levels were found to be 3.32 ± 1.25 ng/mL in group I, 3.38 ± 0.88 ng/mL in group II, and 5.48 ± 1.61 ng/mL in group III. Comparing the serum Elabela levels, a statistically significant difference was found between three groups (p < 0.001). Serum Elabela level showed a significant and positive correlation with EAI, leukocyte count, and hs-CRP, while a negative correlation was found with hemoglobin levels in univariate analysis (p < 0.001, for each). In linear regression analysis, these parameters were found to be associated with EAI and hs-CRP (p = 0.049, β = 0.337, and p = 0.015, β = 0.396, respectively). CONCLUSION Elabela concentrations in patients with active UC was significantly higher and was associated with EAI and hs-CRP. Blood Elabela concentrations can be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with active UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Gulumsek
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Erdem Sumbul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Dr. Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No: 1 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Yesildal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Goztepe Prof. Dr, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cisem Kizildag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Dr. Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No: 1 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilan Damla Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Dr. Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No: 1 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begum Seyda Avci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Dr. Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No: 1 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Aktas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Dr. Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No: 1 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Akkan Avci
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Edip Bayrak
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Adnan Tas
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Banu Kara
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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42
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Para R, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Tarca AL, Panaitescu B, Done B, Hsu R, Pacora P, Hsu CD. Maternal circulating concentrations of soluble Fas and Elabela in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:316-329. [PMID: 32008387 PMCID: PMC10544759 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1716720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Fas/Fas ligand (FASL) system and Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a model combining the measurement of sFas and Elabela in the maternal circulation may serve as a clinical biomarker for early- and/or late-onset preeclampsia more effectively than measures of each biomarker individually. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 214 women in the following groups: (1) normal pregnancy sampled <34 weeks of gestation (n = 56); (2) patients who developed early-onset preeclampsia (n = 54); (3) normal pregnancy sampled ≥34 weeks of gestation (n = 52); (4) patients who developed late-onset preeclampsia (n = 52). Maternal circulating soluble Fas and Elabela concentrations were determined using sensitive and validated immunoassays. Two sample t-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for analyses. RESULTS (1) Women with early-onset preeclampsia, and those with late-onset preeclampsia with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion, had increased concentrations of sFas compared to their gestational age-matched normal controls; (2) women with late-onset preeclampsia, but not those with early-onset preeclampsia, had increased concentrations of Elabela compared to their gestational age-matched counterparts; and (3) an increase in both Elabela and sFas concentrations was more strongly associated with late-onset preeclampsia than early-onset preeclampsia relative to models including either of the markers alone. CONCLUSIONS A combined model of maternal sFas and Elabela concentrations provides a stronger association with late-onset preeclampsia than either protein alone. This finding demonstrates the possibility to improve the classification of late-onset preeclampsia by combining the results of both molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Hsu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Chapman FA, Nyimanu D, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Newby DE, Dhaun N. The therapeutic potential of apelin in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:840-853. [PMID: 34389827 PMCID: PMC8361827 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which reduces blood pressure and proteinuria and slows kidney function decline. Despite this treatment, many patients progress to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, and/or die as a result of cardiovascular disease. The apelin system is an endogenous physiological regulator that is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. This system comprises the apelin receptor and its two families of endogenous ligands, apelin and elabela/toddler. Preclinical and clinical studies show that apelin receptor ligands are endothelium-dependent vasodilators and potent inotropes, and the apelin system has a reciprocal relationship with the RAAS. In preclinical studies, apelin regulates glomerular haemodynamics and acts on the tubule to promote aquaresis. In addition, apelin is protective in several kidney injury models. Although the apelin system has not yet been studied in patients with CKD, the available data suggest that apelin is a promising potential therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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44
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Coquerel D, Lamoureux J, Chagnon F, Trân K, Sage M, Fortin-Pellerin E, Delile E, Sainsily X, Fournier J, Dumont AA, Auger-Messier M, Sarret P, Marsault E, Praud JP, Fülöp T, Lesur O. Apelin-13 in septic shock: effective in supporting hemodynamics in sheep but compromised by enzymatic breakdown in patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22770. [PMID: 34815457 PMCID: PMC8611018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a prevalent life-threatening condition related to a systemic infection, and with unresolved issues including refractory septic shock and organ failures. Endogenously released catecholamines are often inefficient to maintain blood pressure, and low reactivity to exogenous catecholamines with risk of sympathetic overstimulation is well documented in septic shock. In this context, apelinergics are efficient and safe inotrope and vasoregulator in rodents. However, their utility in a larger animal model as well as the limitations with regards to the enzymatic breakdown during sepsis, need to be investigated. The therapeutic potential and degradation of apelinergics in sepsis were tested experimentally and in a cohort of patients. (1) 36 sheep with or without fecal peritonitis-induced septic shock (a large animal experimental design aimed to mimic the human septic shock paradigm) were evaluated for hemodynamic and renal responsiveness to incremental doses of two dominant apelinergics: apelin-13 (APLN-13) or Elabela (ELA), and (2) 52 subjects (33 patients with sepsis/septic shock and 19 healthy volunteers) were investigated for early levels of endogenous apelinergics in the blood, the related enzymatic degradation profile, and data regarding sepsis outcome. APLN-13 was the only one apelinergic which efficiently improved hemodynamics in both healthy and septic sheep. Endogenous apelinergic levels early rose, and specific enzymatic breakdown activities potentially threatened endogenous apelin system reactivity and negatively impacted the outcome in human sepsis. Short-term exogenous APLN-13 infusion is helpful in stabilizing cardiorenal functions in ovine septic shock; however, this ability might be impaired by specific enzymatic systems triggered during the early time course of human sepsis. Strategies to improve resistance of APLN-13 to degradation and/or to overcome sepsis-induced enzymatic breakdown environment should guide future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Coquerel
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Unité Des Soins Intensifs Médicaux Et Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Julie Lamoureux
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Sur Le Vieillissement, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Unité Des Soins Intensifs Médicaux Et Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Chagnon
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Unité Des Soins Intensifs Médicaux Et Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kien Trân
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Sage
- Départements de Pédiatrie Et de Pharmacologie/Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Fortin-Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Départements de Pédiatrie Et de Pharmacologie/Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eugénie Delile
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Unité Des Soins Intensifs Médicaux Et Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Xavier Sainsily
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Fournier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke (IPS), Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke (IPS), Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke (IPS), Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Praud
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Départements de Pédiatrie Et de Pharmacologie/Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Centre de Recherche Sur Le Vieillissement, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. .,Unité Des Soins Intensifs Médicaux Et Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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45
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Nyimanu D, Kay RG, Kuc RE, Brown AJH, Gribble FM, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. In vitro metabolism of synthetic Elabela/Toddler (ELA-32) peptide in human plasma and kidney homogenates analyzed with mass spectrometry and validation of endogenous peptide quantification in tissues by ELISA. Peptides 2021; 145:170642. [PMID: 34455010 PMCID: PMC8484864 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela/Toddler (ELA) is a novel endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor, whose signalling has emerged as a therapeutic target, for example, in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Shorter forms of ELA-32 have been predicted, including ELA-21 and ELA-11, but metabolism and stability of ELA-32 in humans is poorly understood. We, therefore, developed an LC-MS/MS assay to identify ELA-32 metabolites in human plasma and tissues. METHOD Human kidney homogenates or plasma were incubated at 37 °C with ELA-32 and aliquots withdrawn over 2-4 h into guanidine hydrochloride. Proteins were precipitated and supernatant solid-phase extracted. Peptides were extracted from coronary artery, brain and kidney by immunoprecipitation or solid-phase extraction following acidification. All samples were reduced and alkylated before analysis on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer in high and nano flow mode. RESULTS The half-life of ELA-32 in plasma and kidney were 47.2 ± 5.7 min and 44.2 ± 3 s, respectively. Using PEAKS Studio and manual data analysis, the most important fragments of ELA-32 with potential biological activity identified were ELA-11, ELA-16, ELA-19 and ELA-20. The corresponding fragments resulting from the loss of C-terminal amino acids were also identified. Endogenous levels of these peptides could not be measured, as ELA peptides are prone to oxidation and poor chromatographic peaks. CONCLUSIONS The relatively long ELA plasma half-life observed and identification of a potentially more stable fragment, ELA-16, may suggest that ELA could be a better tool compound and novel template for the development of new drugs acting at the apelin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Sosei Heptares, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Song JJ, Yang M, Liu Y, Song JW, Liu XY, Miao R, Zhang ZZ, Liu Y, Fan YF, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Yang XC, Zhong JC. Elabela prevents angiotensin II-induced apoptosis and inflammation in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts via the activation of FGF21-ACE2 signaling. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:905-918. [PMID: 34453661 PMCID: PMC8401356 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis contribute to vascular remodeling and injury. Elabela (ELA) serves as a crucial regulator to maintain vascular function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertensive vascular remodeling. This study aims to explore regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of ELA in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) in response to angiotensin II (ATII). In cultured AFs, exposure to ATII resulted in marked decreases in mRNA and protein levels of ELA, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as increases in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular migration, which were partially blocked by the exogenous replenishment of ELA and recombinant FGF21, respectively. Moreover, treatment with ELA strikingly reversed ATII-mediated the loss of FGF21 and ACE2 levels in rat aortic AFs. FGF21 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly counterbalanced protective effects of ELA on ATII-mediated the promotion of cell migration, apoptosis, inflammatory, and oxidative injury in rat aortic AFs. More importantly, pretreatment with recombinant FGF21 strikingly inhibited ATII-mediated the loss of ACE2 and the augmentation of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory injury in rat aortic AFs, which were partially prevented by the knockdown of ACE2 with siRNA. In summary, ELA exerts its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in rat aortic AFs via activation of the FGF21-ACE2 signaling. ELA may represent a potential candidate to predict vascular damage and targeting the FGF21-ACE2 signaling may be a promising therapeutic intervention for vascular adventitial remodeling and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jia-Wei Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ran Miao
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yi-Fan Fan
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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47
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Targeting the elabela/apelin-apelin receptor axis as a novel therapeutic approach for hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 135:1019-1026. [PMID: 34608073 PMCID: PMC9276310 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity and those with hypertension are more likely to develop severe symptoms in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, which is closely related to abnormal renin-angiotensin system and elabela/apelin-apelin receptor (APJ) axis. The elabela/apelin-APJ axis exerts essential roles in regulating blood pressure levels, vascular tone, and cardiovascular dysfunction in hypertension by counterbalancing the action of the angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and enhancing the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO signaling. Furthermore, the elabela/apelin-APJ axis demonstrates beneficial effects in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, including angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during hypertension. More importantly, effects of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis on vascular tone may depend upon blood vessel type or various pathological conditions. Intriguingly, the broad distribution of elabela/apelin and alternative isoforms implicated its distinct functions in diverse cardiac and vascular cells and tissue types. Finally, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches have defined critical roles of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis in reducing the development and severity of hypertensive diseases. Thus, targeting the elabela/apelin-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of hypertension, and an increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis will help to develop effective interventions for hypertension. In this review, we focus on the physiology and biochemistry, diverse actions, and underlying mechanisms of the elabela/apelin-APJ axis, highlighting its role in hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular injury and dysfunction, with a view to provide a prospective strategy for hypertensive disease therapy.
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48
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Jin L, Li Q, Li J, Pan Y, Zou J, Wu X, Wang Z. Apela inhibits systemic and renal inflammatory reactions in mice with type I cardiorenal syndrome. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21907. [PMID: 34516679 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101030r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of apela on renal function and anti-inflammatory effect on whole body and kidney tissue in mice with type I cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The murine type I CRS model was established and apela was subcutaneously infused for two weeks. Cardiac and renal functions were evaluated by echocardiography and blood biochemistry, respectively. The systemic and renal inflammatory responses were examined with molecular biological and histological methods. Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (RGECs) were used to evaluate the adhesion effect of monocytes in vitro. Compared to mice from the control group (CRS + vehicle), the plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly decreased, while the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was increased in apela-treated CRS mice at the 4th week. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the circulation and kidney was decreased in apela-treated mice compared with control mice, and apela improved cardio-renal pathology in mice with type I CRS. Additionally, Apela significantly suppressed the expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in RGECs induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), and inhibited the promoting effect of Ang II on the adhesion of THP-1 cells to RGECs. Western blot results showed that the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (phospho-NFκB) in CRS mice was increased, but the expression of phospho-NFκB was down-regulated after apela treatment. Furthermore, apela significantly inhibited the Ang II-mediated increase in phospho-NFκB expression in RGECs in vitro, but the administration of an apelin peptide jejunum receptor (APJ) inhibitor blocked the inhibitory effect of apela. This study revealed that apela improves cardiorenal function and reduces systemic and renal inflammatory response in type I CRS mice and the apela/APJ system may alleviate renal inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NFκB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanyi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jue Zou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Jin L, Pan Y, Li Q, Li J, Wang Z. Elabela gene therapy promotes angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8537-8545. [PMID: 34291565 PMCID: PMC8419192 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether Elabela (ELA) gene therapy can promote angiogenesis in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). The fusion expression plasmid pAAV-3 × Flag/ELA-32 was successfully constructed using molecular cloning technique. The model of acute MI was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) was injected into the surrounding myocardium and tail vein immediately after the model was established. AAV was injected again from the tail vein one week later. Compared with the MI+PBS (control) group, the serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration, and the values of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) of the MI+AAV-ELA (gene therapy) group were significantly decreased, while the value of left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased at 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Compared with the control group, the expression of CD105 and vWF and the percentage of CD31- and Ki67-co-positive cells were significantly increased in the gene therapy group. Moreover, the expressions of apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2, Jagged1 and Notch3 in the heart tissue around the infarction were up-regulated in mice with gene therapy. The results suggest that ELA activates VEFG/VEGFR2 and Jagged1/Notch3 pathways through APJ to promote angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. ELA gene therapy may be used in the treatment of ischaemic cardiomyopathy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Quanyi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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50
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality at an international scale. The apelin-APJ receptor pathway has been implicated in HF, making it a promising therapeutic target. APJ has been shown to be activated by a novel endogenous peptide ligand known as Elabela (ELA, also called Toddler or Apela), with a critical role in cardiac development and function. Activation of the ELA-APJ receptor axis exerts a wide range of physiological effects, including depressor response, positive inotropic action, diuresis, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-remodeling, leading to its cardiovascular protection. The ELA-APJ axis is essential for diverse biological processes and has been shown to regulate fluid homeostasis, myocardial contractility, vasodilation, angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiorenal fibrosis, and dysfunction. The beneficial effects of the ELA-APJ receptor system are well-established by treating hypertension, myocardial infarction, and HF. Additionally, administration of ELA protects human embryonic stem cells against apoptosis and stress-induced cell death and promotes survival and self-renewal in an APJ-independent manner (X receptor) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for HF. Thus, targeting the ELA-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of HF. An increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of ELA will help to develop effective interventions. This article gives an overview of the characteristics of the ELA-apelin-APJ axis and summarizes the current knowledge on its cardioprotective roles, potential mechanisms, and prospective application for acute and chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan-Juan Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sara Martin
- Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency, Santa Rosa, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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