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Jia M, Han S, Wang Y. Systemic immunoinflammatory indexes in albuminuric adults are negatively associated with α-klotho: evidence from NHANES 2007-2016. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2385059. [PMID: 39135529 PMCID: PMC11328598 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2385059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a novel inflammatory biomarker closely associated with the inflammatory response and chronic kidney disease. Klotho is implicated as a pathogenic factor in the progression of kidney disease, and supplementation of Klotho may delay the progression of chronic kidney disease by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Our aim is to investigate the potential relationship between SII and Klotho in adult patients in the United States and explore the differences in the populations with and without albuminuria. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting adult participants with complete data on SII, Klotho, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. SII was calculated as platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, with abnormal elevation defined as values exceeding 330 × 10^9/L. Albuminuria was defined as ACR >30 mg/g. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were employed to explore the independent relationship between SII and Klotho. RESULTS Our study included a total of 10,592 individuals. In all populations, non-albuminuria population, and proteinuria population with ACR ≥ 30, participants with abnormally elevated SII levels, as compared to those with SII less than 330 × 10^9/L, showed a negative correlation between elevated SII levels and increased Klotho, which persisted after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS There is a negative correlation between SII and Klotho in adult patients in the United States. This finding complements previous research but requires further analysis through large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisheng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Gaweda A, Brier M, Lederer E. Leveraging quantitative systems pharmacology and artificial intelligence to advance treatment of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F351-F362. [PMID: 38961848 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a complex clinical syndrome responsible for the accelerated cardiovascular mortality seen in individuals afflicted with CKD. Current approaches to therapy have failed to improve clinical outcomes adequately, likely due to targeting surrogate biochemical parameters as articulated by the guideline developer, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). We hypothesized that using a Systems Biology Approach combining machine learning with mathematical modeling, we could test a novel approach to therapy targeting the abnormal movement of mineral out of bone and into soft tissue that is characteristic of CKD-MBD. The mathematical model describes the movement of calcium and phosphate between body compartments in response to standard therapeutic agents. The machine-learning technique we applied is reinforcement learning (RL). We compared calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and mineral movement out of bone and into soft tissue under four scenarios: standard approach (KDIGO), achievement of KDIGO guidelines using RL (RLKDIGO), targeting abnormal mineral flux (RLFLUX), and combining achievement of KDIGO guidelines with minimization of abnormal mineral flux (RLKDIGOFLUX). We demonstrate through simulations that explicitly targeting abnormal mineral flux significantly decreases abnormal mineral movement compared with standard approach while achieving acceptable biochemical outcomes. These investigations highlight the limitations of current therapeutic targets, primarily secondary hyperparathyroidism, and emphasize the central role of deranged phosphate homeostasis in the genesis of the CKD-MBD syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool for exploration of complex processes but application to clinical syndromes is challenging. Using a mathematical model describing the movement of calcium and phosphate between body compartments combined with machine learning, we show the feasibility of testing alternative goals of therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder while maintaining acceptable biochemical outcomes. These simulations demonstrate the potential for using this platform to generate and test hypotheses in silico rapidly, inexpensively, and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gaweda
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Michael Brier
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care Services, Dallas, Texas, United States
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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3
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Marečáková N, Kačírová J, Tóthová C, Maďari A, Maďar M, Farbáková J, Horňák S. Determination of the reference interval for urinary klotho to creatinine ratio of healthy dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1423390. [PMID: 39113723 PMCID: PMC11305118 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1423390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
For several years, alpha klotho has been considered as a candidate biomarker in chronic kidney disease (CKD), progression of CKD and CKD mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD). The evidence on the relationship between klotho and kidney function is controversial in some areas. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of age, sex and breed on urinary alpha klotho, values in the early stages of CKD within the studied population and determine a reference interval in a group of healthy dogs. Significantly higher values were measured in older dogs over 6 years old (p = 0.026, p = 0.0007) and in the breed German Shepherd than Belgian Shepherd (p = 0.0401). On the basis of sex and in small breed dogs, no significant differences were noted. In dogs with CKD stage 2, alpha klotho values were significantly lower (p = 0.0135) than in healthy dogs. Within the studied population, a reference interval for urinary klotho to creatinine ratio (UrKl/Cr) was determined in the range of 3.94-23.55 pg/gCr. Since our findings show that alpha klotho is associated with older age, we assume that this may have influenced the results in the group of dogs with CKD stage 1 due to the presence of predominantly old dogs in this group. Future studies would be needed to consider age as a factor affecting urinary alpha klotho in dogs with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Marečáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kačírová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Csilla Tóthová
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Aladár Maďari
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Farbáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomír Horňák
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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Suzuki K, Soeda K, Komaba H. Crosstalk between kidney and bone: insights from CKD-MBD. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:463-469. [PMID: 39060498 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The kidneys play an important role in the regulation of phosphate and calcium balance and serum concentrations, coordinated by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), this regulation is impaired, leading to CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), characterized by decreased 1,25D, elevated FGF23, secondary hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, bone abnormalities, and vascular and soft-tissue calcification. While bone abnormalities associated with CKD-MBD, known as renal osteodystrophy, have been recognized as the most typical interaction between the kidney and bone, a number of other kidney-bone interactions have been identified, for which our knowledge of the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD has played an important role. This article summarizes recent findings on CKD-MBD and explores the crosstalk between the kidney and bone from the perspective of CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Soeda
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Komaba
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
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Castillo RF, Pérez RG, González AL. Beneficial effects of physical exercise on the osteo-renal Klotho-FGF-23 axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:332-340. [PMID: 38169578 PMCID: PMC10758140 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.90195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of physical exercise in chronic kidney disease, describing its impact on the Klotho-FGF23 axis. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, updated to January 2023, were searched. The present study employed mean difference and a 95% confidence interval (CI) to examine the efficacy of the intervention. Heterogeneity was assessed through inconsistency statistics (I2). Out of the 299 studies identified, a total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comprising 272 participants, met the eligibility criteria. Compared with the control group, physical exercise significantly decreased the concentrations of FGF23 (MD: -102.07 Pg/mL, 95% CI: -176.23.47, -27.91 I2= 97%, p = 0.001), and a significantly increased the concentrations of Klotho protein: (MD: 158.82 Pg/mL, 95% CI: 123.33, -194.31, I2 = 0%, p = 0.001). The results of our study indicated that the exercise has a direct relationship with Klotho-FGF23 axis. We can conclude that physical exercise in patients with CKD produces beneficial effects on the pathophysiological components related to this disease, including cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular functions. As observed, both endurance and aerobic physical exercise increase Klotho production and decrease FGF23 levels. Evidence indicates that exercise attenuates the progression of CKD, improves uremic parameters and down-regulates inflammation-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandez Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel García Pérez
- University of Granada. Faculty of Health Sciences, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud. Avd de la Ilustración 60 CP18016 Granada/Spain
| | - Antonio Liñán González
- University of Granada. Faculty of Health Sciences, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud. Avd de la Ilustración 60 CP18016 Granada/Spain
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Kim AR, Lee YS, Kim MA, Kang DB, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Alveolar bone and tibia responses to hormonal and mineral abnormalities in rats with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2928-2937. [PMID: 35801391 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity on different bone types remains unclear, we induced increasing levels of CKD severity in a rat model and investigated hormone and mineral levels as well as alveolar and tibia bone histomorphology. METHODS Rats were divided into sham operation (sham), 4/6 nephrectomy (4/6Nx), 5/6Nx, and 4/6Nx with hyperphosphorous (HP) diet (4/6NxHP). At week 20, BUN, FGF23, PTH, and P were estimated in plasma. Bone parameters were evaluated by microCT, and osteoclasts and osteoid areas were evaluated by TRAP and H&E stains, respectively. RESULTS The 4/6NxHP and 5/6Nx groups had elevated PTH, and the 4/6NxHP group alone had elevated P. Compared to the 4/6Nx group, the 4/6NxHP group demonstrated increased FGF23 and P. In the alveolar bone, the 4/6NxHP group had reduced bone volume and BMD compared to the sham and 4/6Nx groups. In the tibia cortical bone, bone surface density was higher in the 4/6NxHP group compared to the sham group. Tibia cortical bone volume was negatively correlated with FGF23 and P. Moreover, alveolar bone volume was negatively correlated with FGF23, PTH, and P. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that hormone and mineral levels vary with CKD severity, and alveolar bone loss strongly correlates with these hormone and mineral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-A Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dam-Bi Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Castillo RF. Pathophysiological Implications and Therapeutic Approach of Klotho in Chronic Kidney Disease. A Systematic Review. J Transl Med 2023:100178. [PMID: 37207706 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Klotho protein, known as an anti-aging protein, is expressed mainly in the kidney, and kidney disorders may contribute to disrupted expression of renal Klotho. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine if there are biological and nutraceutical therapies that increase the expression of Klotho and can help prevent complications associated with CKD. A systematic literature review was carried out through the consultation of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Records between the years 2012 and 2022 in Spanish and English were selected. Cross-sectional or prevalence and analytical studies were included that evaluated the effects of Klotho therapy. A total of 22 studies were identified after the critical reading of these selected studies. Three investigated the association between Klotho and growth factors; two evaluated the relationship between the concentration of Klotho and the type of fibrosis; three focused on the relationship between vascular calcifications and vitamin D; two assessed the relationship between Klotho and bicarbonate; two investigated the relationship between proteinuria and Klotho; one demonstrated the applicability of synthetic antibodies as a support for Klotho deficiency; one investigated Klotho hypermethylation as a renal biomarker; two investigated the relationship between proteinuria and Klotho; four linked Klotho as an early marker of CKD; one investigated Klotho levels in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In conclusion, no study has addressed the comparison of these therapies in the context of their use with nutraceutical agents that raise the expression of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandez Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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8
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Donate-Correa J, Martín-Carro B, Cannata-Andía JB, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:239. [PMID: 36829798 PMCID: PMC9952437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress stands at the center of a prevention and control strategy for mitigating cellular senescence and aging. Kidney disease is characterized by a premature aging syndrome, and to find a modulator targeting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence in kidney cells could be of great significance to prevent and control the progression of this disease. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms related to the appearance of oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease. In this scenario, the anti-aging Klotho protein plays a crucial role by modulating signaling pathways involving the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and the transcription factors FoxO and Nrf2, known antioxidant systems, and other known mitochondrial function regulators, such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Wnt/β-catenin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha), transcription factor EB, (TFEB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). Therefore, Klotho is postulated as a very promising new target for future therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress, mitochondria abnormalities, and cellular senescence in kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0019), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B. Cannata-Andía
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0019), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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9
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Chang K, Li Y, Qin Z, Zhang Z, Wang L, Yang Q, Su B. Association between Serum Soluble α-Klotho and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: NHANES 2007-2016. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020637. [PMID: 36675565 PMCID: PMC9863467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Preclinical and clinical studies on the anti-aging effect of α-Klotho are emerging. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is a well-known biomarker of kidney injury and generalized damage in the cardiovascular system. However, the potential relationship between α-Klotho and UAE is limited and controversial. This study aimed to quantify this relationship in the general middle-aged and elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. (2) Methods: Serum α-Klotho was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UAE was assessed by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). After adjusting for several confounding variables, the relationship between α-Klotho and ACR was analyzed by weighted multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests. A generalized additive model (GAM) with smooth functions using the two-piecewise linear regression model was used to examine the potential nonlinear relationship between α-Klotho and ACR. (3) Results: Among 13,584 participants aged 40-79 years, we observed an independent and significant negative correlation between α-Klotho and ACR (β = -12.22; 95% CI, -23.91, -0.53, p = 0.0448) by multivariable logistic regression analysis, especially in those with age ≥ 60 years, pulse pressure (PP) ≥ 60 mmHg, hypertension or diabetes. We further discovered the nonlinear relationship between α-Klotho and ACR by GAM, revealing the first negative and then positive correlations with an inflection point of 9.91 pg/mL between α-Klotho and ACR. (4) Conclusions: A dose-response relationship between α-Klotho and ACR was demonstrated, and the negative correlation therein indicated that α-Klotho has potential as a serum marker and prophylactic or therapeutic agent despite its metabolic and effective mechanisms needing to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Chang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuyun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinbo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Jiang W, Li Y, Jiang Y, Gu W, Huang H, Wei Q, Bai G, Wang J, Rizak JD, Zhou Z. Evaluation of Klotho gene expression and NGAL levels following acute kidney injury during pregnancy hypertensive disorders. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 30:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
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12
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Dusso AS, Bauerle KT, Bernal-Mizrachi C. Non-classical Vitamin D Actions for Renal Protection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:790513. [PMID: 34950686 PMCID: PMC8688743 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a disorder that affects 11% of the world's population, is characterized by an acceleration in skeletal, immune, renal, and cardiovascular aging that increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 10- to 20-fold, compared to that in individuals with normal renal function. For more than two decades, the progressive impairment in renal capacity to maintain normal circulating levels of the hormonal form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol) was considered the main contributor to the reduced survival of CKD patients. Accordingly, calcitriol administration was the treatment of choice to attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and its adverse impact on bone health and vascular calcification. The development of calcitriol analogs, designed to mitigate the resistance to calcitriol suppression of PTH associated with CKD progression, demonstrated survival benefits unrelated to the control of SHPT or skeletal health. The exhaustive search for the pathophysiology behind survival benefits associated with active vitamin D analogs has identified novel anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-aging actions of the vitamin D endocrine system. A major paradigm shift regarding the use of calcitriol or active vitamin D analogs to improve survival in CKD patients emerged upon demonstration of a high prevalence of vitamin D (not calcitriol) deficiency at all stages of CKD and, more significantly, that maintaining serum levels of the calcitriol precursor, 25(OH)vitamin D, above 23 ng/ml delayed CKD progression. The cause of vitamin D deficiency in CKD, however, is unclear since vitamin D bioactivation to 25(OH)D occurs mostly at the liver. Importantly, neither calcitriol nor its analogs can correct vitamin D deficiency. The goals of this chapter are to present our current understanding of the pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency in CKD and of the causal link between defective vitamin D bioactivation to calcitriol and the onset of molecular pathways that promote CKD progression independently of the degree of SHPT. An understanding of these mechanisms will highlight the need for identification of novel sensitive biomarkers to assess the efficacy of interventions with vitamin D and/or calcitriol(analogs) to ameliorate CKD progression in a PTH-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S. Dusso
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin T. Bauerle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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13
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Freundlich M, Gamba G, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho and hypertension: experimental and clinical mechanisms. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3007-3022. [PMID: 33230698 PMCID: PMC7682775 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly recognized in pediatric patients and represent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality later in life. In CKD, enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption is a leading cause of HTN due to augmented extracellular fluid volume expansion. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) upregulates various tubular sodium cotransporters that are also targets of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and its co-receptor Klotho. FGF23 inhibits the activation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that is a potent suppressor of renin biosynthesis. Here we review the complex interactions and disturbances of the FGF23-Klotho axis, vitamin D, and the RAAS relevant to blood pressure regulation and discuss the therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating their pathophysiologic contributions to HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Freundlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Epstein M, Freundlich M. The intersection of Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) activation and the FGF23 - Klotho cascade. A Duopoly that promotes renal and cardiovascular injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:211-221. [PMID: 34459924 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nexus of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) amplifies the morbidity and mortality of CKD, emphasizing the need for defining and establishing therapeutic initiatives to modify and abrogate the progression of CKD and concomitant CV risks. In addition to the traditional CV risk factors, disturbances of mineral metabolism are specific risk factors that contribute to the excessive CV mortality in patients with CKD. These risk factors include dysregulations of circulating factors that modulate phosphate metabolism including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and soluble Klotho. Reduced circulating levels and suppressed renal klotho expression may be associated with adverse outcomes in CKD patients. While elevated circulating concentrations or locally produced FGF23 in the strained heart exert pro-hypertrophic mechanisms on the myocardium, Klotho attenuates tissue fibrosis, progression of CKD, cardiomyopathy, endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffness, and vascular calcification. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in non-classical targets, mediated by aldosterone and other ligands, amplifies CVD in CKD. In concert, we detail how the interplay of elevated FGF23, activation of the MR, and concomitant reductions of circulating Klotho in CKD, may potentiate each other's deleterious effects on kidney and the heart, thereby contributing to the initiation and progression of kidney and cardiac functional deterioration, acting through multipronged albeit complementary mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Epstein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Freundlich
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Uncovering the Basis of the Pathological Processes in Kidney-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126507. [PMID: 34204452 PMCID: PMC8234687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication governs multicellular interactions in complex organisms. A variety of mechanisms exist through which cells can communicate, e.g., cell-cell contact, the release of paracrine/autocrine soluble molecules, or the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-surrounded structures released by almost all cell types, acting both nearby and distant from their tissue/organ of origin. In the kidney, EVs are potent intercellular messengers released by all urinary system cells and are involved in cell crosstalk, contributing to physiology and pathogenesis. Moreover, urine is a reservoir of EVs coming from the circulation after crossing the glomerular filtration barrier—or originating in the kidney. Thus, urine represents an alternative source for biomarkers in kidney-related diseases, potentially replacing standard diagnostic techniques, including kidney biopsy. This review will present an overview of EV biogenesis and classification and the leading procedures for isolating EVs from body fluids. Furthermore, their role in intra-nephron communication and their use as a diagnostic tool for precision medicine in kidney-related disorders will be discussed.
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16
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Roumeliotis A, Roumeliotis S, Chan C, Pierratos A. Cardiovascular Benefits of Extended-Time Nocturnal Hemodialysis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:21-33. [PMID: 32234001 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200401112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) remains the most utilized treatment for End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) globally, mainly as conventional HD administered in 4 h sessions thrice weekly. Despite advances in HD delivery, patients with ESKD carry a heavy cardiovascular morbidity and mortality burden. This is associated with cardiac remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial stunning, hypertension, decreased heart rate variability, sleep apnea, coronary calcification and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, intensive HD regimens closer to renal physiology were developed. They include longer, more frequent dialysis or both. Among them, Nocturnal Hemodialysis (NHD), carried out at night while asleep, provides efficient dialysis without excessive interference with daily activities. This regimen is closer to the physiology of the native kidneys. By providing increased clearance of small and middle molecular weight molecules, NHD can ameliorate uremic symptoms, control hyperphosphatemia and improve quality of life by allowing a liberal diet and free time during the day. Lastly, it improves reproductive biology leading to successful pregnancies. Conversion from conventional to NHD is followed by improved blood pressure control with fewer medications, regression of LVH, improved LV function, improved sleep apnea, and stabilization of coronary calcifications. These beneficial effects have been associated, among others, with better extracellular fluid volume control, improved endothelial- dependent vasodilation, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased plasma norepinephrine levels and restoration of heart rate variability. Some of these effects represent improvements in outcomes used as surrogates of hard outcomes related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this review, we consider the cardiovascular effects of NHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christopher Chan
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Lin W, Wu X, Wen J, Fei Y, Wu J, Li X, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Xu T, Fan Y, Wang N. NAicotinamide retains Klotho expression and ameliorates rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111376. [PMID: 34274652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of rhabdomyolysis that significantly increases mortality. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approach is limited. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, which is a potential therapeutic target. Nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3 and a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, has been shown to have potent antiinflammation effects. Klotho is a tubular highly expressed renoprotective protein. Therefore, we explored the effect of nicotinamide on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We intramuscularly injected glycerol to induce rhabdomyolysis, and intraperitoneally administrated nicotinamide to observe the effect on kidney injury. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and Klotho were determined by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess the interaction of NF-κB, nuclear receptor corepressor, and histone deacetylase 1 with Klotho promoters. Small interfering RNA was used to evaluate the role of Klotho in nicotinamide-related renoprotection. RESULTS The results showed that nicotinamide attenuated renal pathologic morphology, kidney functional abnormalities, and kidney inflammatory response in rhabdomyolysis. Moreover, nicotinamide effectively blocked the recruitment of NF-κB, nuclear receptor corepressor, and histone deacetylase 1 to the promoter of Klotho, and preserved Klotho expression. More importantly, the renoprotection effect of nicotinamide was abrogated when Klotho was knocked down by small interfering RNA in rhabdomyolysis mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that Klotho preservation is essential for the renoprotection effect of nicotinamide, and provides a new preventive strategy for rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Yildirim M, Acikgoz SB, Genc AB, Yaylaci S, Dheir H, Sipahi S. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:718-723. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Podestà MA, Valli F, Galassi A, Cassia MA, Ciceri P, Barbieri L, Carugo S, Cozzolino M. COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact of Old and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Blood Purif 2021; 50:740-749. [PMID: 33752209 PMCID: PMC8089440 DOI: 10.1159/000514467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a frequent complication and the most common cause of death in patients with CKD. Despite landmark medical advancements, mortality due to cardiovascular disease is still 20 times higher in CKD patients than in the general population, which is mainly due to the high prevalence of risk factors in this group. Indeed, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CKD patients are exposed to nontraditional ones, which include metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought novel challenges for both cardiologists and nephrologists alike. Emerging evidence indicates that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of cardiovascular events and that several aspects of the disease may synergize with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients. A better understanding of these mechanisms is pivotal for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events in this context, and we believe that additional clinical and experimental studies are needed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients with COVID-19. In this review, we provide a summary of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients, discussing their interaction with SARS-CoV-2 infection and focusing on CO-VID-19-related cardiovascular complications that may severely affect short- and long-term outcomes in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Valli
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galassi
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias A Cassia
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Barbieri
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,
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20
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Lee J, Tsogbadrakh B, Yang S, Ryu H, Kang E, Kang M, Kang HG, Ahn C, Oh KH. Klotho ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via LKB1-AMPK-PGC1α-mediated renal mitochondrial protection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1040-1046. [PMID: 33121684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with renal mitochondrial injury and decreased renal klotho expression. Klotho is known as an aging suppressor, and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of aging. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a guardian of mitochondria. Here, we report that recombinant soluble klotho protein (rKL) protects against DN in db/db mice via PGC1α-AMPK-mediated mitochondrial recovery in the kidney. We injected rKL into db/db and db/m mice for 8 weeks and collected the serum and kidney tissue. We treated murine renal tubular cells with rKL in vitro, with and without exposure to 30 mM high glucose (HG). rKL treatment ameliorated major disorders from diabetes, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and intrarenal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in db/db mice. rKL also diminished albuminuria, recovered renal proximal tubular mitochondria, increased renal p-AMPK and PGC1α, and down-regulated mTOR/TGF-β in db/db mice. In S1 mouse proximal tubular cells, rKL treatment ameliorated HG-mediated cellular and mitochondrial damage and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, with an increase in PGC1α-AMPK-induced mitochondrial recovery. Our data suggest that klotho exerts a mitochondrial protective effect in diabetic kidney disease by inducing AMPK-PGC1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- Center of Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - SeungHee Yang
- Center of Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Manou E, Thodis E, Arsos G, Pasadakis P, Panagoutsos S, Papadopoulou D, Papagianni A. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and α-Klotho Protein Are Associated with Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Non-Dialysis CKD Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:900-915. [PMID: 33040068 DOI: 10.1159/000510351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and α-Klotho protein appear to have an important role in the pathogenesis of CKD-mineral and bone disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of FGF-23 and α-Klotho levels with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study, enrolling participants with non-dialysis CKD from a single center in Greece. At enrollment, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured (mGFR) and plasma levels of carboxyl terminal FGF-23 (cFGF-23) and soluble α-Klotho (sKlotho) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Participants were followed for up to 5 years or until the occurrence of the primary endpoint of initiation of renal replacement therapy or death. Multivariate regression tree analysis was used to identify informative baseline parameters in order to categorize participants. Also, using median values of cFGF-23 and sKlotho, participants were categorized into 4 groups, in whom survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS 128 participants were enrolled with a median mGFR of 41.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR = 28.2). Baseline mGFR correlated with cFGF-23 and sKlotho (r = -0.54 and r = 0.49, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both). cFGF-23 and sKlotho levels correlated negatively (r = -0.24, p = 0.006). Multivariate regression tree analysis resulted in 3 groups defined by cutoff values of mGFR (60.9 mL/min/1.73 m2) and phosphate (3.7 mg/dL). These groups correlated with CKD stage, cFGF-23, and sKlotho (p < 0.0001 for all). During a median follow-up of 36 months (IQR = 22), 40 (31.2%) participants reached the primary endpoint (31 initiated renal replacement therapy, 9 died). Survival to primary endpoint differed among the 4 groups formed using median values of both biomarkers, with the low FGF-23/high Klotho and high FGF-23/low Klotho having the longest and shortest survival, respectively. High FGF-23/low Klotho group, compared to the opposite one, had a significantly elevated risk of the primary outcome (HR, 6.8; 95% CI, 2.3-19.6; p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD stages 1-5, the combination of higher cFGF-23 and lower sKlotho levels along with mGFR and serum phosphate was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The utility of combinations of traditional and novel biomarkers to predict outcomes warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Manou
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece,
| | - Elias Thodis
- Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Arsos
- 3rd Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ploumis Pasadakis
- Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Buchanan S, Combet E, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Klotho, Aging, and the Failing Kidney. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32982966 PMCID: PMC7481361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho has been recognized as a gene involved in the aging process in mammals for over 30 years, where it regulates phosphate homeostasis and the activity of members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The α-Klotho protein is the receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23), regulating phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Phosphate toxicity is a hallmark of mammalian aging and correlates with diminution of Klotho levels with increasing age. As such, modulation of Klotho activity is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the diseasome of aging; in particular for chronic kidney disease (CKD), where Klotho has been implicated directly in the pathophysiology. A range of senotherapeutic strategies have been developed to directly or indirectly influence Klotho expression, with varying degrees of success. These include administration of exogenous Klotho, synthetic and natural Klotho agonists and indirect approaches, via modulation of the foodome and the gut microbiota. All these approaches have significant potential to mitigate loss of physiological function and resilience accompanying old age and to improve outcomes within the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buchanan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Human Nutrition, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine M99, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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23
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Sosa C, Guillén N, Lucea S, Sorribas V. Effects of oral exposure to arsenite on arsenic metabolism and transport in rat kidney. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:4-12. [PMID: 32736004 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is within the recognized toxic effects of arsenic. In this study we assessed the effect of arsenite on the renal capacity to metabolize and handle arsenicals in rats exposed to drinking water with 0, 1, 5, or 10 ppm sodium arsenite for ten days. Arsenite treatment did not affect the gene expression of the main enzyme catalyzing methylation of arsenite, As3mt, while it reduced the expression of GSTO1 mRNA and protein. Arsenite decreased the expression of Aqp3, Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mdr1b (i.e., transporters and channels used by arsenic), but not that of Aqp7, Glut1, Mrp2, and Mdr1a. The protein abundance of AQP3 was also reduced by arsenite. Arsenite increased urinary NGAL and FABP3 and decreased Klotho plasma levels, without alteration of creatinine, which evidenced early tubular damage. Renal Klotho mRNA and protein expressions were also downregulated, which may exacerbate renal damage. No effect was observed in selected miRNAs putatively associated with renal injury. Plasma PTH and FGF23 were similar between groups, but arsenite decreased the renal expression of Fgfr1 mRNA. In conclusion, exposure to arsenite alters the gene expression of proteins involved in the cellular handling of arsenical species and elicits tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sosa
- Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza. Miguel Servet 177, 50.013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Natalia Guillén
- Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza. Miguel Servet 177, 50.013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Susana Lucea
- Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza. Miguel Servet 177, 50.013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Sorribas
- Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza. Miguel Servet 177, 50.013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Yi HJ, Lee JB, Lee KP, Oh YI, Song KH, Seo KW. Investigation on urinary and serum alpha klotho in dogs with chronic kidney disease. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:246. [PMID: 32677951 PMCID: PMC7364505 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho plays a pivotal role in phosphate metabolism. The kidney is known to be the main source of soluble alpha-klotho and the principal regulator of its concentration. Previous studies in human participants showed that the concentration of soluble alpha-klotho in serum and urine decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, no previous study has assessed soluble alpha-klotho levels in dogs. This study aimed to measure serum and urinary alpha-klotho levels in CKD dogs and identify their associations with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD stages and other parameters known to be associated with CKD. Results Serum and urinary alpha klotho concentrations were measured by a commercially available canine-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared between groups by a nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between variables. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the effects of independent predictors on klotho concentrations. The urine klotho-to-creatinine ratio (UrKl/Cr) was significantly lower in stage 3 dogs than the control group and was significantly lower in dogs with stage 3 and 4 CKD than in those with stage 1 and 2 disease. UrKl/Cr was negatively correlated with serum symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and phosphorus concentration. Serum alpha-klotho concentration in dogs with stages 2 and 3 CKD was significantly lower than those in the control group. There was no significant correlation between serum alpha-klotho and BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. No statistically significant differences were observed in UrKl/Cr and serum alpha-klotho concentration between groups based on sex, age, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), or blood pressure. Conclusions UrKl/Cr decreased in dogs with advanced CKD, and it was negatively correlated with sSDMA, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. Thus, klotho is associated with CKD and its clinical consequences, including CKD-mineral bone disorder, in dogs. Although serum klotho concentration was negatively correlated with sSDMA levels, it was not apparently related to IRIS CKD stage or other parameters known to be associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jae Yi
- VMTH of College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, N13-2, #308, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bok Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyu Pil Lee
- VMTH of College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, N13-2, #308, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- VMTH of College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, N13-2, #308, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Song
- VMTH of College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, N13-2, #308, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Seo
- VMTH of College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, N13-2, #308, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Thongprayoon C, Neyra JA, Hansrivijit P, Medaura J, Leeaphorn N, Davis PW, Kaewput W, Bathini T, Salim SA, Chewcharat A, Aeddula NR, Vallabhajosyula S, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W. Serum Klotho in Living Kidney Donors and Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061834. [PMID: 32545510 PMCID: PMC7355868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho is a known anti-aging protein that exerts diverse physiological effects, including phosphate homeostasis. Klotho expression occurs predominantly in the kidney and is significantly decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, changes in serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and kidney donors remain unclear. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through October 2019 to identify studies evaluating serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among KTx recipients and kidney donors. Study results were pooled and analyzed utilizing a random-effects model. Ten cohort studies with a total of 431 KTx recipients and 5 cohort studies with a total of 108 living kidney donors and were identified. After KTx, recipients had a significant increase in serum klotho levels (at 4 to 13 months post-KTx) with a mean difference (MD) of 243.11 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI 67.41 to 418.81 pg/mL). Although KTx recipients had a lower serum klotho level with a MD of = -234.50 pg/mL (five studies; 95% CI -444.84 to -24.16 pg/mL) compared to healthy unmatched volunteers, one study demonstrated comparable klotho levels between KTx recipients and eGFR-matched controls. Among kidney donors, there was a significant decrease in serum klotho levels post-nephrectomy (day 3 to day 5) with a mean difference (MD) of -232.24 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI -299.41 to -165.07 pg/mL). At one year following kidney donation, serum klotho levels remained lower than baseline before nephrectomy with a MD of = -110.80 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI 166.35 to 55.24 pg/mL). Compared to healthy volunteers, living kidney donors had lower serum klotho levels with a MD of = -92.41 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI -180.53 to -4.29 pg/mL). There is a significant reduction in serum klotho levels after living kidney donation and an increase in serum klotho levels after KTx. Future prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of changes in klotho on clinical outcomes in KTx recipients and living kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA 17105, USA;
| | - Juan Medaura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine/Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Paul W. Davis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Wisit Kaewput
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Tarun Bathini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sohail Abdul Salim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Api Chewcharat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Narothama Reddy Aeddula
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Deaconess Health System, Evansville, IN 47710, USA;
| | | | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
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Albuminuria Downregulation of the Anti-Aging Factor Klotho: The Missing Link Potentially Explaining the Association of Pathological Albuminuria with Premature Death. Adv Ther 2020; 37:62-72. [PMID: 32236874 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ten percent of the adult population has chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is diagnosed when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or when albuminuria is above 30 mg/day. The numerical thresholds were chosen because they are associated with an increased risk of CKD progression or premature death within a wider scenario of accelerated aging. Indeed, CKD is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide. A decreased GFR is associated with the accumulation of uraemic toxins that may promote tissue and organ damage. However, CKD may be diagnosed when the GFR is completely normal, as long as there is pathological albuminuria. A key unanswered question to stem the rise of CKD-associated deaths is whether the association between isolated albuminuria (when the GFR is normal) and premature death is causal. The recent demonstration that albuminuria per se directly suppresses the production of the anti-aging factor Klotho by kidney tubular cells may be one of the first steps to address the causality of the albuminuria-premature death-accelerated aging association. This hypothesis should be tested in interventional studies that should draw from translational science advances. Thus, the observation that albuminuria decreases Klotho production through epigenetic mechanisms implies that Klotho downregulation may persist after the correction of albuminuria, and innovative therapeutic approaches are needed to restore Klotho production. On the basis of recent literature, these may include manipulation of NF-kappaB regulators such as B cell lymphoma 3 protein (BCL-3), and epigenetic regulators such as histone deacetylases, or the repurposing of drugs such as pentoxifylline.
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Georgatzakou HT, Pavlou EG, Papageorgiou EG, Papassideri IS, Kriebardis AG, Antonelou MH. The Multi-Faced Extracellular Vesicles in the Plasma of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:227. [PMID: 32351956 PMCID: PMC7174738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles released by most cells in body fluids and extracellular matrix. They function as signal transducers in intercellular communication, contributing to the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity. EVs biogenesis is deregulated in various pathologies, in structural and functional connection to the pathophysiology of donor cells. Consequently, EVs are considered diagnostic and monitoring factors in many diseases. Despite consensus as to their activity in promoting coagulation and inflammation, there is evidence suggesting protective roles for EVs in stress states. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of developing cardiovascular defects. The pathophysiology, comorbidities, and treatment of CKD may individually and in synergy affect extracellular vesiculation in the kidney, endothelium, and blood cells. Oxidative and mechanical stresses, chronic inflammation, and deregulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis are established stressors of EV release. EVs may affect the clinical severity of CKD by transferring biological response modifiers between renal, vascular, blood, and inflammatory cells. In this Review, we focus on EVs circulating in the plasma of CKD patients. We highlight some recent advances in the understanding of their biogenesis, the effects of dialysis, and pharmacological treatments on them and their potential impact on thrombosis and vascular defects. The strong interest of the scientific community to this exciting field of research may reveal hidden pieces in the pathophysiology of CKD and thus, innovative ways to treat it. Overcoming gaps in EV biology and technical difficulties related to their size and heterogeneity will define the success of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara T Georgatzakou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia G Pavlou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Effie G Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
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Increased Risk of Infection-Related and All-Cause Death in Hypercalcemic Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The Q-Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6327. [PMID: 32286455 PMCID: PMC7156468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypercalcemia is a risk factor for all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients, it remains unknown whether hypercalcemia increases the risk of infection-related death. A total of 2869 hemodialysis patients registered in the Q-Cohort Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort study of hemodialysis patients, were analyzed. The predictor was albumin-corrected serum calcium level at baseline. The main outcome was infection-related death. Death risk were estimated by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard risk models and competing risk models. During the follow-up period of 4 years, 107 patients died of infection and 473 died of any cause. The patients were divided into four groups by the serum calcium level at baseline (G1, 5.7-8.9 mg/dL; G2, 9.0-9.4 mg/dL; G3, 9.5-9.9 mg/L; G4 10.0-16.5 mg/dL). In the multivariable-adjusted model, the incidence of infection-related death was significantly higher in the highest serum calcium group (G4) compared with the lowest serum calcium group (G1): hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.34 [1.35-4.04], P = 0.002. Furthermore, higher serum calcium level was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause death. In conclusion, our data suggest that a higher serum calcium level may be a risk factor for infection-related and all-cause death in hemodialysis patients.
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Salanova Villanueva L, Gil Giraldo Y, Santos Sánchez-Rey B, Aguilera Peralta A. Paricalcitol regulatory effect on inflammatory, fibrotic and anticalcificating parameters in renal patiente. Far beyond mineral bone disease regulation. Nefrologia 2020; 40:171-179. [PMID: 31740151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKWARD Cardiovascular events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation and mineral-bone disorder are pathological conditions that have been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE Show paricalcitol regulation overinflammatory, fibrotic and mineral disorder parameters in CKD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective Study in 46 CKD stages III-V patients without dialysis patients whith elevated parathormone in which we introduced paricalcitol. We evaluated classic and newest mineral and bone metabolism serum parameters (calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 [FGF-23], Klotho, calcidiol), inflammatory-fibrosis and anticalcifying parameters (interleukin-6 and 10, tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF- α], transforming growth factor-b [TGF-β],bone morphogenic protein-7 [BMP-7] and fetuin-A) for four months. RESULTS At the end of study soluble Klotho increased (p=.001), FGF-23 remained stable, calcium and phosphorus levels were not increased, calcidiol increased (p=.010) and PTH decreased (p=.002). Inflammation-fibrosis and calcification parameters showed positive regulation after paricalcitol treatment: interleukin-6 decreased significantly (p=.001) and also TNF-α did (p=.005), on the contrary, interleukin-10 and fetuin-A increased (p=.001 for both). Anti-fibrosis marker BMP-7 increased (p=.001) and TGF-b decreased (p=.001). We did not find significant changes in renal function. CONCLUSIONS Paricalcitol treatment might be profitable in regulating inflammatory and anticalcificant parameters, unmodified calcium or phosphorus seric levels and preserving kidney function in renal patients with no dialysis. Our selected parameters could indicate paricalcitol effects in mineral and endothelial disorder related to renal disease.
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Li H, Chen W, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Xiao P, Tang R, Xue J. Neferine Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and Upregulating Klotho Expression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 31680971 PMCID: PMC6804424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Morbidity associated with and mortality from acute kidney injury (AKI) is gradually increasing, and no efficient drug is available. We explored whether neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, attenuated AKI, and the possible mechanisms in play in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We induced AKI using ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. C57 BL/6 male mice were randomized into two groups each containing four subgroups: control, neferine, I/R or LPS, and I/R or LPS + neferine. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after AKI induction and kidneys and sera were collected. NRK-52E cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or LPS in vitro. Results: Neferine pretreatment significantly alleviated kidney functional loss and pathological damage. In the AKI mouse models induced by I/R or LPS, neferine inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including granulocytes and macrophages. Both in vivo and in vitro, neferine attenuated apoptosis, suppressed inflammatory cytokine production, decreased degradation of IκB-α, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, it also upregulated Klotho expression in AKI. Conclusion: Neferine mitigated renal injury in AKI models, perhaps by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and upregulating the expression of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusa Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Institute of Hospital Administration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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He T, Xiong J, Huang Y, Zheng C, Liu Y, Bi X, Liu C, Han W, Yang K, Xiao T, Xu X, Yu Y, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. Klotho restrain RIG-1/NF-κB signaling activation and monocyte inflammatory factor release under uremic condition. Life Sci 2019; 231:116570. [PMID: 31207307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation is a main hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis of CKD-associated systemic inflammation is unclear. Current study was designed to investigate the relationship between indoxyl sulphate (IS) and CKD-associated systemic inflammation along with the protective effects of Klotho in CKD. METHODS IS serum levels from patients were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Serum Klotho, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured separately by ELISA and Real-Time PCR analysis. Monocytes were incubated with or without Klotho, while the expressions of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and NF-κB were analyzed through Western blot assay. Heterozygous kl/kl (kl/+) mice or WT mice were treated with 5/6 renal damage. Thereafter, the CKD mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant Klotho protein or PBS. KEY FINDINGS It shows that in 286 CKD patients, the serum levels of inflammatory factors were positively related with IS, but negatively related with Klotho. Klotho significantly inhibited IS-induced RIG-I/NF-κB activation and productions of both IL-6 and TNF-α in cultured monocytes. In vivo, along with the increase of IS and decrease of Klotho in the serum, the activation of RIG-I/NF-κB signaling was observed in peripheral blood monocytes in both CKD mice and patients. Notably, higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in kl+/- mice given CKD. Klotho administration has evidently attenuated RIG-I/NF-κB activation in monocytes and systemic inflammation in CKD mice. SIGNIFICANCE The findings suggest that Klotho can suppress CKD-associated systemic inflammation through inhibiting IS-induced RIG-1/NF-κB activation and monocyte inflammatory factor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Changling Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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Serum Klotho as a marker for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Med Biochem 2019; 39:133-139. [PMID: 33033444 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is based on serum creatinine which is neither a specific nor a sensitive biomarker. In our study, we investigated the role of serum Klotho in early prediction of AKI after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods The included patients were classified into three groups according to AKI stages using KDIGO criteria. The measurements of creatinine and Klotho levels in serum were performed before surgery, at the end of CPB, 2 hours after the end of CPB, 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively. Results Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. A significant increase of creatinine levels (p<0.001) was measured on the first day after the surgery in both AKI groups compared to the non-AKI group. However, a significant difference between AKI-2 and AKI-1 groups (p=0.006) was not measured until the second day after the operation. Using decision trees for classification of patients with a higher or lower risk of AKI we found out that Klotho discriminated between the patients at low risk of developing more severe kidney injury in the first hours after surgery and the patients at high risk better than creatinine. Adding also the early measurements of creatinine in the decision tree model further improved the prediction of AKI. Conclusions Serum Klotho may be useful to discriminate between the patients at lower and the patients at higher risk of developing severe kidney injury after cardiac surgery using CPB already in the first hours after surgery.
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Xiong C, Guan Y, Zhou X, Liu L, Zhuang MA, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Masucci MV, Bayliss G, Zhao TC, Zhuang S. Selective inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylases alleviates renal fibrosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8249-8262. [PMID: 30951378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801067rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of MC1568, a selective class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on the development and progression of renal fibrosis in a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). All 4 class IIa HDAC isoforms, in particular HDAC4, were up-regulated in renal epithelial cells of the injured kidney. Administration of MC1568 immediately after UUO injury reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen 1. MC1568 treatment or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of HDAC4 also suppressed expression of those proteins in cultured renal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, MC1568 abrogated UUO-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, NF-κB, and up-regulation of integrin ɑVβ6 in the kidney and inhibited TGF-β1-induced responses in cultured renal epithelial cells. MC1568 also increased renal expression of klotho, bone morphogenetic protein 7, and Smad7. Moreover, delayed administration of MC1568 at 3 d after ureteral obstruction reversed the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen 1 and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. Collectively, these results suggest that selectively targeting class IIa HDAC isoforms (in particular HDAC4) may inhibit development and progression of renal fibrosis by suppressing activation and expression of multiple profibrotic molecules and increasing expression of antifibrotic proteins and MMPs.-Xiong, C., Guan, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, L., Zhuang, M. A., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Masucci, M. V., Bayliss, G., Zhao, T. C., Zhuang, S. Selective inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylases alleviates renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michelle A Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Monica V Masucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital-The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jorge LB, Coelho FO, Sanches TR, Malheiros DMAC, Ezaquiel de Souza L, Dos Santos F, de Sá Lima L, Scavone C, Irigoyen M, Kuro-O M, Andrade L. Klotho deficiency aggravates sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F438-F448. [PMID: 30516423 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00625.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced organ failure is characterized by a massive inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately half of patients in septic shock, and the mortality associated with sepsis-induced AKI is unacceptably high. Klotho is a protein expressed by renal cells and has anti-senescence properties. Klotho has also been shown to protect the kidneys in ischemia-reperfusion injury and to have antioxidant properties. To analyze the role of Klotho in sepsis-related organ dysfunction and AKI, we used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in heterozygous Klotho-haploinsufficient mice and their wild-type littermates (CLP- Kl/+ and CLP-WT mice, respectively). In comparison with the CLP-WT mice, CLP- Kl/+ mice showed lower survival, impaired renal function, impaired hepatic function, greater oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory pathways (at the systemic and kidney tissue levels), and increased NF-κB activation. It is noteworthy that CLP- Kl/+ mice also showed lower heart-rate variability, less sympathetic activity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside, and a blunted blood pressure response to phenylephrine. We also demonstrated that sepsis creates a state of acute Klotho deficiency. Given that low Klotho expression exacerbates sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction, Klotho might play a protective role in sepsis, especially in elderly individuals in whom Klotho expression is naturally reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lectícia B Jorge
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Coelho
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Talita R Sanches
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Denise M A C Malheiros
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristóforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Irigoyen
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Molecular Medicine Department, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Lucia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
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Chen CY, Wu VC, Lin CJ, Lin CS, Pan CF, Chen HH, Lin YF, Huang TM, Chen L, Wu CJ. Improvement in Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Acute Kidney Injury Who Are Prescribed Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1760-1774. [PMID: 30343892 PMCID: PMC7126857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To focus on the potential beneficial effects of the pleiotropic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) on attenuating progression of diabetic kidney disease in reducing the long-term effect of the acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 1999, to July 31, 2011, were analyzed, and patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI were identified. Cox proportional hazards models and inverse-weighted estimates of the probability of treatment were used to adjust for treatment selection bias. The outcomes were incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and hospitalized heart failure. RESULTS Of a total of 6165 patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI identified, 5635 (91.4%) patients were DPP4i nonusers and 530 (8.6%) patients were DPP4i users. Compared with DPP4i nonusers, DPP4i users had a lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94; P=.04) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.23-0.34; P<.001) after adjustments for CKD, advanced CKD, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. In contrast, the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalized heart failure did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users had a lower risk of ESRD and mortality than did nonusers among patients with diabetes after weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI. Therefore, a prospective study of AKI to CKD transitions after episodes of AKI is needed to optimally target DPP4i interventions.
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Key Words
- aki, acute kidney injury
- aki-d, dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury
- ckd, chronic kidney disease
- dm, diabetes mellitus
- dpp4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- dpp4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitior
- esrd, end-stage renal disease
- hhf, hospitalized heart failure
- hr, hazard ratio
- icd-9-cm, international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification
- iptw, inverse probability of treatment weighting
- kim-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- mace, major adverse cardiovascular event
- mi, myocardial infarction
- mpr, medication possession ratio
- nhi, national health insurance
- nhird, national health insurance research database
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Pan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Min Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Likwang Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Dokumacioglu E, Iskender H, Musmul A. Effect of hesperidin treatment on α-Klotho/FGF-23 pathway in rats with experimentally-induced diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1206-1210. [PMID: 30551370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis and nephropathy are considered among the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which recently increased due to increased frequency of DM and the prolonged life span of diabetic patients The aim of the present study was to reveal the possible effect of hesperidin (HP) on alpha-klotho (α-KL)/ fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) pathway in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Materials and methods Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The rats of the control, diabetes, and treatment groups were fed with standard feed and water throughout the 2-week study. In order to induce diabetes mellitus in rats, those in the diabetes group were administered a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ. For the DM + HP group, a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ, when diabetes was induced, hesperidin was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg by gavage. Results The α-KL levels of our study groups, both the liver and kidney α-KL levels and serum α-KL of the STZ-induced diabetic group were statistically significantly lower than the control group (respectively, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05). It was observed that hesperidin administration statistically significantly increased α-KL levels in serum, liver and renal tissue (p < 0.001). Liver, kidney and serum FGF-23 levels of the diabetic group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (respectively, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). FGF-23 levels that increased in kidney tissue and serum samples of the diabetic group decreased statistically significantly with hesperidin administration (respectively, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusion The α-KL/FGF-23 pathway is a promising bio-indicator in various cases of systemic toxicity and pathology. In addition, the strong positive effects of hesperidin administration on diabetic toxicity in the liver and kidneys suggest that it may be included in the alternative treatment methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Dokumacioglu
- Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Iskender
- Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Musmul
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir, Turkey
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van Helden J, Weiskirchen R. Technical and diagnostic performance of a new fully automated immunoassay for the determination of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:584-590. [PMID: 30380963 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1526411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in measuring plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations in a number of clinical settings. However, a reliable assay with acceptable performance is lacking. Plasma samples of healthy adults and patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were used to compare the precision, recovery, linearity and the pre-analytical stability characteristics of a new fully automated FGF23 (intact) assay with a commercially available FGF23 (intact) ELISA. Method agreement was evaluated, reference and stage-specific ranges for kidney disease were established. Other biomarkers relevant for CKD were measured and compared with the FGF23 assays. The fully automated FGF23 (intact) assay demonstrated superior performance compared with the ELISA. A marked positive proportional bias was detected relative to the ELISA assay readout, especially in samples of higher concentration of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Overall, the method comparison revealed a poor degree of correlation. A significant inverse correlation was found between the glomerular filtration rate and both FGF23 assays (both p < .001). Regression analysis revealed that both assays are suitable to predict progression of CKD. A positive correlation was found between FGF23 and phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D-total assays, respectively. Cutoff points between different stages of CKD were calculated by receiver operator characteristic analysis. The fully automated assay displayed an improved discrimination compared with the ELISA, especially in mild to moderate kidney disease. The new fully automated FGF23 (intact) assay demonstrates excellent analytical performance data and represents a robust, fast and precise alternative to manual FGF23 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef van Helden
- a Laboratory Diagnostic Center , University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- b Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
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de Laval P, Mobarrez F, Almquist T, Vassil L, Fellström B, Soveri I. Acute effects of haemodialysis on circulating microparticles. Clin Kidney J 2018; 12:456-462. [PMID: 31198549 PMCID: PMC6543976 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microparticles (MPs) are small cell membrane-derived vesicles regarded as both biomarkers and mediators of biological effects. Elevated levels of MPs have previously been associated with endothelial dysfunction and predict cardiovascular death in patients with end-stage renal disease. The objective of this study was to measure change in MP concentrations in contemporary haemodialysis (HD). Methods Blood was sampled from 20 consecutive HD patients before and 1 h into the HD session. MPs were measured by flow cytometry and phenotyped based on surface markers. Results Concentrations of platelet (CD41+) (P = 0.039), endothelial (CD62E+) (P = 0.004) and monocyte-derived MPs (CD14+) (P < 0.001) significantly increased during HD. Similarly, endothelial- (P = 0.007) and monocyte-derived MPs (P = 0.001) expressing tissue factor (TF) significantly increased as well as MPs expressing Klotho (P = 0.003) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (P = 0.009). Furthermore, MPs expressing platelet activation markers P-selectin (P = 0.009) and CD40L (P = 0.045) also significantly increased. The increase of endothelial (P = 0.034), monocyte (P = 0.014) and RAGE+ MPs (P = 0.032) as well as TF+ platelet-derived MPs (P = 0.043) was significantly higher in patients treated with low-flux compared with high-flux dialysers. Conclusion Dialysis triggers release of MPs of various origins with marked differences between high-flux and low-flux dialysers. The MPs carry surface molecules that could possibly influence coagulation, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The clinical impact of these findings remains to be established in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip de Laval
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tora Almquist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liina Vassil
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Soveri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inherently systemic disease that refers to a long-term loss of kidney function. The progression of CKD has repercussions for other organs, leading to many kinds of extrarenal complications. Intensive studies are now being undertaken to reveal the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanism of this disease. During the past 20 years, increasing evidence from clinical and basic studies has indicated that klotho, which was initially known as an anti-aging gene and is mainly expressed in the kidney, is significantly correlated with the development and progression of CKD and its complications. Here, we discuss in detail the role and pathophysiological implications of klotho in ion disorders, the inflammation response, vascular calcification, mineral bone disorders, and renal fibrosis in CKD. Based on the pathogenic mechanism of klotho deficiency and klotho decline in urine early in CKD stage 2 and even earlier in CKD stage 1, it is not difficult to understand that soluble klotho can serve as an early and sensitive marker of CKD. Moreover, the prevention of klotho decline by several mechanisms can attenuate renal injuries, retard CKD progression, ameliorate extrarenal complications, and improve renal function. In this review, we focus on the functions and pathophysiological implications of klotho in CKD and its extrarenal complications as well as its potential applications as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for CKD and as a novel treatment strategy to improve and decrease the burden of comorbidity in CKD.
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40
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Friedl C, Zitt E. Role of etelcalcetide in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients: a review on current data and place in therapy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1589-1598. [PMID: 29910605 PMCID: PMC5989700 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s134103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is a frequently occurring severe complication of advanced kidney disease. Its clinical consequences include extraskeletal vascular and valvular calcifications, changes in bone metabolism resulting in renal osteodystrophy, and an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Calcimimetics are a cornerstone of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-lowering therapy, as confirmed by the recently updated 2017 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder clinical practice guidelines. Contrary to calcitriol or other vitamin D-receptor activators, calcimimetics reduce PTH without increasing serum-calcium, phosphorus, or FGF23 levels. Etelcalcetide is a new second-generation calcimimetic that has been approved for the treatment of sHPT in adult hemodialysis patients. Whereas the first-generation calcimimetic cinacalcet is taken orally once daily, etelcalcetide is given intravenously thrice weekly at the end of the hemodialysis session. Apart from improving drug adherence, etelcalcetide has proven to be more effective in lowering PTH when compared to cinacalcet, with an acceptable and comparable safety profile. The hope for better gastrointestinal tolerance with intravenous administration did not come true, as etelcalcetide did not significantly mitigate the adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with cinacalcet. Enhanced adherence and strong reductions in PTH, phosphorus, and FGF23 could set the stage for a future large randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that improved biochemical control of mineral metabolism with etelcalcetide in hemodialysis patients translates into cardiovascular and survival benefits and better health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Friedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology and Dialysis, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
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Piotti G, Gandolfini I, Palmisano A, Maggiore U. Metabolic risk profile in kidney transplant candidates and recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 34:388-400. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piotti
- Department of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gandolfini
- Department of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Palmisano
- Department of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Department of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Kamr AM, Dembek KA, Hildreth BE, Morresey PR, Rathgeber RA, Burns TA, Zaghawa AA, Toribio RE. The FGF-23/klotho axis and its relationship with phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D, PTH, aldosterone, severity of disease, and outcome in hospitalised foals. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:739-746. [PMID: 29660161 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and klotho are key regulators of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis as well as phosphorus and calcium homeostasis; however, information on the FGF-23/klotho axis in healthy and hospitalised foals is lacking. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to measure serum FGF-23 and klotho concentrations and determine their association with serum phosphorus, total calcium (TCa), vitamin D metabolite [25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D], PTH, and aldosterone concentrations, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalised foals. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 91 foals ≤72 h old were classified as hospitalised (n = 81; 58 septic; 23 sick non-septic [SNS]) and healthy (n = 10). Blood samples were collected on admission. Hormone concentrations were determined by immunoassays. RESULTS Serum FGF-23, PTH, phosphorus, and aldosterone concentrations were higher while klotho, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, and TCa concentrations were lower in septic and SNS compared to healthy foals (P<0.05). In hospitalised and septic foals, increased FGF-23 and aldosterone concentrations were associated with high phosphorus and PTH but not with TCa and vitamin D metabolite concentrations. Hospitalised foals with the highest FGF-23 and lowest klotho concentrations were more likely to die (odds ratio (OR): 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-10.3 and OR: 3.1; CI: 1.1-8.0, respectively). MAIN LIMITATIONS Blood gas, ionised calcium, blood culture information not being available for many foals, and use of the sepsis score to classify hospitalised foals. CONCLUSIONS Imbalances in the FGF-23/klotho axis may contribute to mineral dyshomeostasis and disease progression in critically ill foals. Elevated FGF-23 and reduced klotho, together with high phosphorus and PTH concentrations suggests FGF-23 resistance. FGF-23 and klotho are good markers of disease severity and likelihood of mortality in hospitalised foals. Aldosterone may influence phosphorus and PTH dynamics in hospitalised foals. Routine measurement of phosphorus concentrations in sick foals is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kamr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - K A Dembek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - P R Morresey
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - R A Rathgeber
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - T A Burns
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A A Zaghawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - R E Toribio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Chan CT, Kaysen GA, Beck GJ, Li M, Lo J, Rocco MV, Kliger AS. Changes in Biomarker Profile and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Regression: Results from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trials. Am J Nephrol 2018; 47:208-217. [PMID: 29621747 PMCID: PMC5916783 DOI: 10.1159/000488003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is feasible with more frequent hemodialysis (HD). We aimed to ascertain pathways associated with regression of left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients enrolled in the Frequent HD Network (FHN) trials. METHODS This was a post hoc observational cohort study. We hypothesized LVH regression with frequent HD was associated with a different cardiovascular biomarker profile. Regressors were defined as patients who achieved a reduction of more than 10% in LVM at 12 months. Progressors were defined as patients who had a minimum of 10% increase in LVM at 12 months. RESULTS Among 332 randomized patients, 243 had biomarker data available. Of these, 121 patients did not progress or regress, 77 were regressors, and 45 were progressors. Mean LVM change differed between regressors and progressors by -65.6 (-74.0 to -57.2) g, p < 0.001. Regressors had a median (interquartile range) increase in dialysis frequency (from 3.0 [3.0-3.0] to 4.9 [3-5.7] per week, p = 0.001) and reductions in pre-dialysis systolic (from 149.0 [136.0-162.0] to 136.0 [123.0-152.0] mm Hg, p < 0.001) and diastolic (from 83.0 [71.0-91.0] to 76.0 [68.0-84.0] mm Hg, p < 0.001) blood pressures. Klotho levels increased in regressors versus progressors (76.9 [10.5-143.3] pg/mL, p = 0.024). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 levels fell in regressors compared to progressors (-7,853 [-14,653 to -1,052] pg/mL, p = 0.024). TIMP-1 and log (brain natriuretic -peptide [BNP]) levels also tended to fall in regressors. Changes in LVM correlated inversely with changes in klotho (r = -0.24, p = 0.014). -Conclusions: Markers of collagen turnover and changes in klotho levels are potential novel pathways associated with regression of LVH in the dialysis population, which will require further prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Chan
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Kaysen
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Minwei Li
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joan Lo
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Michael V Rocco
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan S Kliger
- Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Covic A, Vervloet M, Massy ZA, Torres PU, Goldsmith D, Brandenburg V, Mazzaferro S, Evenepoel P, Bover J, Apetrii M, Cozzolino M. Bone and mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease: implications for cardiovascular health and ageing in the general population. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:319-331. [PMID: 29050900 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an extreme model for arteriosclerosis, vascular calcification, and bone disorders, all of which are also associated with ageing in the general population. These pathological features are also relevant to other common chronic health disorders such as diabetes, and chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Although management and interventions for these major risk factors are now incorporated into most public health guidelines (eg, smoking cessation and control of bodyweight and blood pressure, as well as glucose and cholesterol concentrations), some residual cardiovascular risk is not reduced by implementation of these interventions. CKD should be regarded as an atypical disease in which both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors have effects on outcomes. But CKD can also be viewed conceptually as an accelerator of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Findings from research into mineral bone disorder associated with CKD (CKD-MBD) could help the medical community to better understand the vascular actions of certain molecules, such as phosphates, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, sclerostin, or vitamin D and their relevance to the management of different pathologies in the general population. Importantly, these components, which are recognised in nephrology, could help to explain residual risk of cardiovascular events in the general population. Thus, achieving a better understanding of CKD-MBDs could provide substantial insight into future treatments for arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis, which are strongly associated with ageing and morbidity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marc Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology and Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris Ile de France Ouest Université, Paris, France; Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pablo Ureña Torres
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Bover
- Fundació Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, REDinREN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mugurel Apetrii
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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45
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Panah F, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Argani H, Asadi Zarmehri M, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S. Ischemic acute kidney injury and klotho in renal transplantation. Clin Biochem 2018; 55:3-8. [PMID: 29608890 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), is a major problem influencing on the short and long term graft and patient survival. Many molecular and cellular modifications are observed during IRI, for example, tissue damage result production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and leukocytes recruitment which are activated by NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway. Therefore, inhibiting these processes can significantly protect renal parenchyma from tissue damage. Klotho protein, mainly produced in distal convoluted tubules (DCT), is an anti-senescence protein. There is increasing evidence to confirm a relationship between Klotho levels and renal allograft function. Many studies have also demonstrated that expression of the Klotho gene would be down regulated with IRI, so it will be used as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury after renal transplantation. Other studies suggest that Klotho may have a renoprotective effect for attenuating of kidney injury. In this review, we will discuss pathophysiology of IRI-induced acute kidney injury and its relation with klotho level in renal transplantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Panah
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi Zarmehri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazari Soltan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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46
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Systemic klotho is associated with KLOTHO variation and predicts intrinsic cortical connectivity in healthy human aging. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:391-400. [PMID: 27714549 PMCID: PMC5382127 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a major biomedical challenge as the global population ages. Elevated levels of the longevity factor klotho suppress aging, enhance cognition, and promote synaptic plasticity and neural resilience against aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathogenic proteins. Here, we examined the relationship between human genetic variants of KLOTHO and systemic klotho levels – and assessed neuroanatomic correlates of serum klotho in a cohort of healthy older adults. Serum klotho levels were increased with KL-VS heterozygosity, as anticipated. We report, for the first time, that serum klotho levels were paradoxically decreased with KL-VS homozygosity. Further, we found that higher serum klotho levels were associated with measures of greater intrinsic connectivity in key functional networks of the brain vulnerable to aging and AD such as the fronto-parietal and default mode networks. Our findings suggest that elevated klotho promotes a resilient brain, possibly through increased network connectivity of critical brain regions.
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47
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Li SS, He AL, Deng ZY, Liu QF. Ginsenoside-Rg1 Protects against Renal Fibrosis by Regulating the Klotho/TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Rats with Obstructive Nephropathy. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:585-591. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University
| | - Ao-lin He
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University
| | - Zhi-yong Deng
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University
| | - Qi-feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University
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48
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Słomiński B, Ryba-Stanisławowska M, Skrzypkowska M, Myśliwska J, Myśliwiec M. The KL-VS polymorphism of KLOTHO gene is protective against retinopathy incidence in patients with type 1 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:758-763. [PMID: 29247834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS KLOTHO is an anti-ageing circulating hormone involved in insulin signaling, inflammation and vascular homeostasis through its protective effects on the endothelium and antioxidant actions. The common functional "KL-VS" variant of the KLOTHO gene is reproducibly associated with longevity in humans. Large number of studies have evaluated close relationship between KLOTHO protein and diabetes but the association between KL-VS variant and retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is unknown. Therefore, in the present study we examined the association between the KL-VS polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with T1D. METHODS We examined 400 patients with T1D and 350 healthy age-matched controls. The analysis concerned KL-VS polymorphism along with the levels of serum inflammatory (CRP, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) markers, pro-angiogenic (angiogenin) and anti-angiogenic interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) factors as well as adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-3). RESULTS We did not find significant association between T1D and KL-VS alleles. However, we observed that the incidence of KL-VS genotype is lower in a group with retinopathy in comparison to diabetic patients without this complication. Moreover, we established that KL-VS carriers had the lowest levels of inflammatory markers, pro-angiogenic factors and adhesion molecules. Simultaneously, the KL-VS carriers had increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic cytokines than holders bearing wild type genotype. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings of our studies suggest that the functional KL-VS variant of the KLOTHO gene protects against the development of retinopathy in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Słomiński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Maria Skrzypkowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Myśliwska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Chair & Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Chen J, Zhang H, Hu J, Gu Y, Shen Z, Xu L, Jia X, Zhang X, Ding X. Hydrogen-Rich Saline Alleviates Kidney Fibrosis Following AKI and Retains Klotho Expression. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:499. [PMID: 28848432 PMCID: PMC5554490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prominent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, the related mechanism and effective therapy have not been rigorously explored. The present study aims to investigate the reno-protection of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) against ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI. Methods: Adult male C57 mice were randomly allocated into three groups: Sham, IR, IR+HRS. Renal IR injury model was generated via 35 min occlusion of bilateral kidney pedicles, and then, mice were administered with different treatments intraperitoneally in various groups. After 14- or 28-day treatment, mice were perfused and the kidneys were collected following reperfusion. Many proteins were detected by western blots, including renal fibrotic proteins [a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), collagen I (Col I)], Klotho, the methylation of Klotho, damage-regulated autophagy modulator (Beclin-1), and microtubule-associated protein light 3-II (LC3-II). Finally, the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were measured to investigate the renal function. Results: Histological data showed that the HRS treatment significantly decreased the fibrosis in renal tissues when compared with the IR group, and both of BUN and Cr were lower in the HRS group than IR group (8.9 ± 0.6 vs. 9.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l, 51 ± 6.5 vs. 60 ± 5.8 μmol/l) (P < 0.05). The expression of fibrotic markers, a-SMA and Col I, showed a robust increase in IR injury models than the Sham group, which was consistent with the result of Trichrome staining. However, the levels of a-SMA and Col I expression were sharply decreased in the IR+HRS group (P < 0.05). IR injury also enhanced LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression, but decreased Klotho level. The Klotho level was alleviated by HRS, but LC3-II and Beclin-1 were starkly enhanced in HRS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HRS showed a protective effect in the prevention of renal injury and could inhibit renal fibrosis after IR injury in mice. This role of HRS might be exerted via retaining Klotho expression and activating autophagy in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China.,Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China.,Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Jiachang Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China.,Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Yulu Gu
- Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Linghan Xu
- Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Xueqi Jia
- Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China.,Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Kidney and Dialysis Institute of ShanghaiShanghai, China.,Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of ShanghaiShanghai, China
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50
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Klotho levels: association with insulin resistance and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:1809-1814. [PMID: 28677090 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between Klotho levels and insulin resistance and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD. METHODS We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study in our outpatient diabetic nephropathy clinic from 2014 to 2016, enrolling a total of 107 type 2 diabetic patients with stage 2-3 CKD, with a mean age of 59 years. Several clinical and laboratorial parameters were evaluated, including those related to mineral and carbohydrate metabolism. RESULTS The mean eGFR at baseline was 53.2 mL/min, and the mean levels of ACR and Klotho were 181.9 µg/mg and 331.1 pg/m, respectively. In the simple linear regression model, Klotho levels were correlated with age, phosphorus, PTH, ACR, HOMA, IL-6, FGF-23, OxLDL, eGFR and vitamin D levels. Applying a multivariate linear regression model, only the ACR, HOMA-IR, FGF-23 and vitamin D independently influenced the Klotho levels. In the generalized linear model, only the Klotho groups were statistically significant as independent variable (p = 0.007). The results show that the group 1 (<268) compared with group 3 (>440) had higher odds in the higher ACR (≥181), ORa = 3.429, p = 0.014. There were no statistically significant differences between Klotho groups 2 and 3, and the HOMA-IR obtained showed that group 1 (<268) had greater odds of HOMA-IR ≥2 when compared with group 3 (>440), ORa = 21.59, p = 0.017. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that Klotho levels are influenced by FGF23, vitamin D and insulin resistance. This suggests that Klotho levels might be affected by renal function as well as having a relevant role on insulin metabolism and ACR homeostasis.
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