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Kebede V, Ravizza T, Balosso S, Di Sapia R, Canali L, Soldi S, Galletti S, Papazlatani C, Karas PA, Vasileiadis S, Sforzini A, Pasetto L, Bonetto V, Vezzani A, Vesci L. Early treatment with rifaximin during epileptogenesis reverses gut alterations and reduces seizure duration in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:363-380. [PMID: 38608741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is altered in epilepsy and is emerging as a potential target for new therapies. We studied the effects of rifaximin, a gastrointestinal tract-specific antibiotic, on seizures and neuropathology and on alterations in the gut and its microbiota in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Epilepsy was induced by intra-amygdala kainate injection causing status epilepticus (SE) in C57Bl6 adult male mice. Sham mice were injected with vehicle. Two cohorts of SE mice were fed a rifaximin-supplemented diet for 21 days, starting either at 24 h post-SE (early disease stage) or at day 51 post-SE (chronic disease stage). Corresponding groups of SE mice (one each disease stage) were fed a standard (control) diet. Cortical ECoG recording was done at each disease stage (24/7) for 21 days in all SE mice to measure the number and duration of spontaneous seizures during either rifaximin treatment or control diet. Then, epileptic mice ± rifaximin and respective sham mice were sacrificed and brain, gut and feces collected. Biospecimens were used for: (i) quantitative histological analysis of the gut structural and cellular components; (ii) markers of gut inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity by RTqPCR; (iii) 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis in feces. Hippocampal neuronal cell loss was assessed in epileptic mice killed in the early disease phase. Rifaximin administered for 21 days post-SE (early disease stage) reduced seizure duration (p < 0.01) and prevented hilar mossy cells loss in the hippocampus compared to epileptic mice fed a control diet. Epileptic mice fed a control diet showed a reduction of both villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01) and a decreased number of goblet cells (p < 0.01) in the duodenum, as well as increased macrophage (Iba1)-immunostaining in the jejunum (p < 0.05), compared to respective sham mice. Rifaximin's effect on seizures was associated with a reversal of gut structural and cellular changes, except for goblet cells which remained reduced. Seizure duration in epileptic mice was negatively correlated with the number of mossy cells (p < 0.01) and with villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05). Rifaximin-treated epileptic mice also showed increased tight junctions (occludin and ZO-1, p < 0.01) and decreased TNF mRNA expression (p < 0.01) in the duodenum compared to epileptic mice fed a control diet. Rifaximin administered for 21 days in chronic epileptic mice (chronic disease stage) did not change the number or duration of seizures compared to epileptic mice fed a control diet. Chronic epileptic mice fed a control diet showed an increased crypt depth (p < 0.05) and reduced villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01) compared to respective sham mice. Rifaximin treatment did not affect these intestinal changes. At both disease stages, rifaximin modified α- and β-diversity in epileptic and sham mice compared to respective mice fed a control diet. The microbiota composition in epileptic mice, as well as the effects of rifaximin at the phylum, family and genus levels, depended on the stage of the disease. During the early disease phase, the abundance of specific taxa was positively correlated with seizure duration in epileptic mice. In conclusion, gut-related alterations reflecting a dysfunctional state, occur during epilepsy development in a TLE mouse model. A short-term treatment with rifaximin during the early phase of the disease, reduced seizure duration and neuropathology, and reversed some intestinal changes, strengthening the therapeutic effects of gut-based therapies in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kebede
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Balosso
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Sapia
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Canali
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Soldi
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Christina Papazlatani
- Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Karas
- Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Laura Pasetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Jin JJ, Ko IG, Hwang L, Kim SH, Jee YS, Jeon H, Park SB, Jeon JW. Simultaneous Treatment of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Treadmill Exercise More Effectively Improves Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5076. [PMID: 38791116 PMCID: PMC11120947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by continuous mucosal ulceration of the colon, starting in the rectum. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the main therapy for ulcerative colitis; however, it has side effects. Physical exercise effectively increases the number of anti-inflammatory and anti-immune cells in the body. In the current study, the effects of simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA were compared with monotherapy with physical exercise or 5-ASA in UC mice. To induce the UC animal model, the mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium dissolved in drinking water for 7 days. The mice in the exercise groups exercised on a treadmill for 1 h once a day for 14 days after UC induction. The 5-ASA-treated groups received 5-ASA by enema injection using a 200 μL polyethylene catheter once a day for 14 days. Simultaneous treatment improved histological damage and increased body weight, colon weight, and colon length, whereas the disease activity index score and collagen deposition were decreased. Simultaneous treatment with treadmill exercise and 5-ASA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis following UC. The benefits of this simultaneous treatment may be due to inhibition on nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation. Based on this study, simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA can be considered as a new therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jang Jin
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Research Support Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The Stat University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su Bee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
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Li B, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zheng T, Li Q, Yang S, Shao J, Guan W, Zhang S. Nutritional strategies to reduce intestinal cell apoptosis by alleviating oxidative stress. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae023. [PMID: 38626282 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is the first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens in the intestinal tract. The balance of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and its function. However, oxidative stress and inflammation can cause DNA damage and abnormal apoptosis of the IECs, leading to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This, in turn, can directly or indirectly cause various acute and chronic intestinal diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the vital role of dietary ingredients in gut health. Studies have shown that certain amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and polyphenols in the diet can protect IECs from excessive apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, and limit intestinal inflammation. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and its relationship with intestinal function, and to discuss the modulation of IECs' physiological function, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and gut health by various nutrients. The findings of this review may provide a theoretical basis for the use of nutritional interventions in clinical intestinal disease research and animal production, ultimately leading to improved human and animal intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao G, Tang Y, Dan R, Xie M, Zhang T, Li P, He F, Li N, Peng Y. Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm. Vet Res 2024; 55:46. [PMID: 38589976 PMCID: PMC11003142 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important zoonotic respiratory pathogen capable of infecting a diverse range of hosts, including humans, farm animals, and wild animals. However, the precise mechanisms by which P. multocida compromises the pulmonary integrity of mammals and subsequently induces systemic infection remain largely unexplored. In this study, based on mouse and rabbit models, we found that P. multocida causes not only lung damage but also bacteremia due to the loss of lung integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that bacteremia is an important aspect of P. multocida pathogenesis, as evidenced by the observed multiorgan damage and systemic inflammation, and ultimately found that this systemic infection leads to a cytokine storm that can be mitigated by IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. As a result, we divided the pathogenesis of P. multocida into two phases: the pulmonary infection phase and the systemic infection phase. Based on unbiased RNA-seq data, we discovered that P. multocida-induced apoptosis leads to the loss of pulmonary epithelial integrity. These findings have been validated in both TC-1 murine lung epithelial cells and the lungs of model mice. Conversely, the administration of Ac-DEVD-CHO, an apoptosis inhibitor, effectively restored pulmonary epithelial integrity, significantly mitigated lung damage, inhibited bacteremia, attenuated the cytokine storm, and reduced mortality in mouse models. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis is involved in P. multocida-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis in both cells and animals. Thus, our research provides crucial information with regard to the pathogenesis of P. multocida as well as potential treatment options for this and other respiratory bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruitong Dan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Alharbi KS. Noncoding RNAs in hepatitis: Unraveling the apoptotic pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155170. [PMID: 38324964 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis is a worldwide health issue that causes inflammation of the liver and is frequently brought on by viral infections, specifically those caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses. Although the pathophysiological causes of hepatitis are complex, recent research indicates that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating apoptosis, an essential process for maintaining liver homeostasis and advancing the illness. Noncoding RNAs have been linked to several biological processes, including apoptosis. These RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Distinct expression patterns characterising different stages of the disease have been discovered, indicating dysregulation of these non-coding RNAs in liver tissues infected with hepatitis. The complex interplay that exists between these noncoding RNAs and apoptotic effectors, including caspases and members of the Bcl-2 family, plays a role in the precarious equilibrium that regulates cell survival and death during hepatitis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of ncRNA-mediated apoptosis in hepatitis, as well as insights into possible therapeutic targets and diagnostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Gowd V, Kass JD, Sarkar N, Ramakrishnan P. Role of Sam68 as an adaptor protein in inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:89. [PMID: 38351330 PMCID: PMC10864426 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Sam68 is a ubiquitously expressed KH-domain containing RNA-binding protein highly studied for its involvement in regulating multiple steps of RNA metabolism. Sam68 also contains multiple protein-protein interaction regions such as proline-rich regions, tyrosine phosphorylation sites, and arginine methylation sites, all of which facilitate its participation as an adaptor protein in multiple signaling pathways, likely independent of its RNA-binding role. This review focuses on providing a comprehensive report on the adaptor roles of Sam68 in inflammatory signaling and inflammatory diseases. The insights presented here have the potential to open new avenues in inflammation research and justify targeting Sam68 to control aberrant inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemana Gowd
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joseph D'Amato Kass
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Tungalag T, Park JY, Park KW, Yang DK. Sesame cake extract attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through inhibition of oxidative stress in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:699-709. [PMID: 38274181 PMCID: PMC10806049 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the gut causing chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain with severe complications. Sesame cake is a by-product of sesame oil production, possessing various beneficial properties; however, little is known about the effect of sesame cake extract (SCE) against IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of SCE against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Administration of SCE was first performed at 7 days before treating mice with 2.5% DSS to induce colitis for 7 days. SCE pretreatment improved symptoms of DSS-induced colitis. In addition, SCE ameliorated histopathological damages of the mucus layer in colon tissues and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in colitis-induced mice. SCE also suppressed apoptosis and oxidative stress in colitis-induced colon tissues. Together, these findings suggest that SCE could be potential nutraceuticals for treating colitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01367-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Park
- Queensbucket, Daegudae-ro, Jillyang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
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Mohamed MZ, Abed El Baky MF, Mokhemer SA, Hafez HM. Mirabegron alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: role of adiponectin and GSTM1/GSH detoxification pathway. Toxicology 2023:153586. [PMID: 37414241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of the debilitating chronic disease ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing significantly. Mirabegron is a selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β-3 AR) agonist used to treat an overactive bladder. Previous reports have demonstrated the antidiarrheal effect of β-3AR agonists. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the potential symptomatic effects of mirabegron on an experimental colitis model. The effects of oral administration of mirabegron (10mg/kg) for seven days on rats receiving intra-rectal acetic acid instillation on the sixth day were examined using adult male Wistar rats. Sulfasalazine was utilized as a reference medication. Gross, microscopic, and biochemical observations of the experimental colitis were performed. The quantity and mucin content of goblet cells were found to have significantly decreased in the colitis group. In the colons of rats administered mirabegron, the number of goblet cells and the optical density of its mucin content increased. Mirabegron's ability to increase adiponectin in serum and decrease glutathione, GSTM1, and catalase in the colon may account for its protective effects. In addition, mirabegron decreased the expression of the proteins caspase-3 and NF-κB p65. It also prevented the activation of their upstream signaling receptors TLR4 and p-AKT by acetic acid administration. In conclusion, mirabegron prevented acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Z Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt.
| | | | - Sahar A Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
| | - Heba M Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
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Consumption of a multi-deficient diet causes dynamic changes in the intestinal morphofunctional barrier, body composition and impaired physical development in post-weaning mice. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:745-758. [PMID: 35485727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on nutrient-deficient diets and associated pathobiological dynamics of body composition and intestinal barrier function. This study evaluated the impact of a nutrient-deficient diet on physical development and intestinal morphofunctional barrier in mice. C57BL/6 (21 days of age) mice were fed a Northeastern Brazil regional basic diet (RBD) or a control diet for 21 d. The animals were subjected to bioimpedance analysis, lactulose test, morphometric analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to evaluate tight junctions and intestinal transporters. RBD feeding significantly reduced weight (P < 0·05) from day 5, weight gain from day 3 and tail length from day 14. The intake of RBD reduced total body water, extracellular fluid, fat mass and fat-free mass from day 7 (P < 0·05). RBD induced changes in the jejunum, with an increase in the villus:crypt ratio on day 7, followed by reduction on days 14 and 21 (P < 0·05). Lactulose:mannitol ratio increased on day 14 (P < 0·05). Changes in intestinal barrier function on day 14 were associated with reductions in claudin-1 and occludin, and on day 21, there was a reduction in the levels of claudin-2 and occludin. SGLT-1 levels decreased on day 21. RBD compromises body composition and physical development with dynamic changes in intestinal barrier morphofunctional. RBD is associated with damage to intestinal permeability, reduced levels of claudin-1 and occludin transcripts and return of bowel function in a chronic period.
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m6A modification in inflammatory bowel disease provides new insights into clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114298. [PMID: 36706633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and gut microbes. The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in the pathogenesis of IBD has attracted increasing attention. m6A modification not only regulates intestinal mucosal immunity and intestinal barrier function, but also affects apoptosis and autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, m6A modification participated in the interaction between gut microbes and the host, providing a novel direction to explore the molecular mechanisms of IBD and the theoretical basis for specific microorganism-oriented prevention and treatment measures. m6A regulators are expected to be biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of IBD patients. m6A methylation may be utilized as a novel target in the management of IBD. This review focused on the recent advances in how m6A modification causes the initiation and development of IBD, and provided new insights into optimal prevention and treatment measures for IBD.
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Elbaz EM, Essam RM, Ahmed KA, Safwat MH. Donepezil halts acetic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats and its associated cognitive impairment through regulating inflammatory/oxidative/apoptotic cascades: An add-on to its anti-dementia activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109841. [PMID: 36764270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is regarded as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Donepezil (DON), a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), is approved for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to scrutinize the impact of DON on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in rats and to evaluate its ability to attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative strain, and apoptosis in this model and its associated cognitive deficits. Rats were categorized into: normal, DON, AA, and AA + DON groups. DON (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 14 days either alone or beginning with the day of UC induction. Colitis was evoked by a single transrectal injection of 1 ml of 4 % acetic acid. Results revealed that DON significantly improved the behavioral abnormalities with the mitigation of inflammation, apoptosis, and histopathological changes in the hippocampi of the colitis group. Moreover, DON significantly alleviated the macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with colitis. Interestingly, DON inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines via suppression of AA-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the colon, along with serum IL-1β. DON inhibited colon lipid peroxidation, restored the antioxidants with a significant amelioration of the degree of neutrophil infiltration, and repressed colitis-induced matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) production. Furthermore, DON decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 protein expressions. Eventually, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, DON suppressed nitric oxide (NO) release, demonstrating the ability of DON to significantly curtail inflammation in immune cells. Taken together, DON ameliorated experimental colitis and its linked cognitive dysfunction, possibly via its antioxidant effect and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. Thereby, DON could be a therapeutic nominee for UC and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, First 6th of October, Giza 3296121, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maheera H Safwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang D, Zhou X, Zhang K, Yu Y, Cui SW, Nie S. Glucomannan from Aloe vera gel maintains intestinal barrier integrity via mitigating anoikis mediated by Nrf2-mitochondria axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123803. [PMID: 36841393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of intestinal epithelium barrier is a hallmark of gut pathology. Cell death can compromise barrier function and impair epithelial restitution directly or indirectly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our previous work demonstrated that glucomannan from Aloe vera gel (AGP) protected mice from DSS-induced colitis, with unclear mechanism of AGP-intestinal barrier interactions. Here, AGP maintained the integrity of intestinal barrier in colitis mice. RNA-Sequencing results indicated that pathways related to anoikis (apoptosis induced by loss of cell-matrix interaction), mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were significantly altered in the process of AGP-intestinal barrier interaction. Further experiments confirmed that AGP activated Nrf2, decreased ROS levels, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and anoikis of colonic epithelial cells in mice. Intriguingly, AGP reversed oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by knockdown or inhibitor (ML385) of Nrf2 in IEC-6 cells, which indicated the essential role of Nrf2-mitochondrial axis in the intestinal protective function of AGP. In addition, AGP alleviated anoikis caused by impaired mitochondrial function. Hence, this current work indicated that AGP might maintain intestinal barrier integrity by mitigating anoikis mediated by Nrf2-mitochondria axis. These findings provide new evidence into the effect of polysaccharides maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yongkang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research and Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario NIG 5C9, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Abdelsameea AA, Alsemeh AE, Alabassery N, Samy W, Fawzy A, Abbas NAT. Icosapent ethyl alleviates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis via modulation of SIRT1 signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109621. [PMID: 36574744 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of icosapent ethyl on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. 36 male Wister rats were equally divided into six groups: control, UC, mesalamine 100 mg/kg, icosapent 150mg/kg, icosapent 300 mg/kg, and EX527-icosapent 300 mg/kg groups. Except for control group, UC was induced by acetic acid instillation into colon. Drugs were administered once daily for one week then under thiopental anaesthesia, colons were excised. Colitis macroscopic and microscopic scores were assessed. A part of colon was homogenized for detection of malondialdehyde (MDA), inerleukin1 (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and caspase 3 levels. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expressions were detected. Mallory-stained colonic sections were examined for collagen fibres detection. Immunohistochemistry of NF-κB and p53 expressionsin colonic sections were assessed. Acetic acid induced colitis with increments in MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase 3 levels while decreased SOD, pAkt, SIRT1, HO-1, and Nrf2 with increased collagen fibres as well as NF-κB and p53. Icosapent decreased macro& microscopic colitis scores, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase 3 levels while increased SOD, pAkt, SIRT1, HO-1, and Nrf2 with decreased collagen fibres as well as NF-κB and p53. The effects of icosapent 300 mg/kg were similar to mesalamine. Icosapent effects were antagonized by EX527. Icosapent alleviated acetic acid-induced colitis via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects mediated in part by SIRT1 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nadia Alabassery
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine-Minia University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Noha A T Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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14
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Chen Z, Huang D, Yongyut P, Li G, Esteban MÁ, Jintasataporn O, Deng J, Zhang W, Ai Q, Mai K, Zhang Y. Vitamin D3 deficiency induced intestinal inflammatory response of turbot through nuclear factor-κB/inflammasome pathway, accompanied by the mutually exclusive apoptosis and autophagy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986593. [PMID: 36159807 PMCID: PMC9493454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) participated widely in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). However, the molecular mechanisms remain not understood in teleost. The present study investigated the functions of VD3/VDR on intestinal inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis of turbot in vivo and in vitro. Triple replicates of 30 fish were fed with each of three diets with graded levels of 32.0 (D0), 1012.6 (D1), and 3978.2 (D2) IU/kg VD3. Obvious intestinal enteritis was observed in the D0 group and followed with dysfunction of intestinal mucosal barriers. The intestinal inflammatory response induced by VD3 deficiency was regulated by the NF-κB/inflammasome signalling. The promotion of intestinal apoptosis and suppression of intestinal autophagy were also observed in the D0 group. Similarly, VD3 deficiency in vitro induced more intense inflammation regulated by NF-κB/inflammasome signalling. The mutually exclusive apoptosis and autophagy were also observed in the group without 1,25(OH)2D3in vitro, accompanied by similar changes in apoptosis and autophagy increased apoptosis. The gene expression of VDRs was significantly increased with the increasing VD3 supplementation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, VDR knockdown in turbot resulted in intestinal inflammation, and this process relied on the activation of inflammasome mediated by NF-κB signalling. Simultaneously, intestinal apoptosis was promoted, whereas intestinal autophagy was inhibited. In conclusion, VD3 deficiency could induce intestinal inflammation via activation of the NF-κB/inflammasome pathway, intestinal apoptosis, and autophagy formed a mutually exclusive relation in teleost. And VDR is the critical molecule in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Prakaiwan Yongyut
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Guangbin Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Orapint Jintasataporn
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjiao Zhang, ; Junming Deng,
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjiao Zhang, ; Junming Deng,
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15
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Shao M, Yan Y, Zhu F, Yang X, Qi Q, Yang F, Hao T, Lin Z, He P, Zhou Y, Tang W, He S, Zuo J. Artemisinin analog SM934 alleviates epithelial barrier dysfunction via inhibiting apoptosis and caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in experimental colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849014. [PMID: 36120344 PMCID: PMC9477143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier disruption due to the intestinal epithelial cells’ (IECs) death is one of the critical pathological features of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). SM934, an artemisinin analog, has previously been proven to ameliorate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice by suppressing inflammation response. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SM934 on the epithelial barrier and the underlying mechanism in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice. We demonstrated that SM934 restored the body weight and colon length, and improved the intestine pathology. Furthermore, SM934 treatment preserved the intestinal barrier function via decreasing the intestinal permeability, maintaining epithelial tight junction (TJ) protein expressions, and preventing apoptosis of epithelial cells, which were observed both in the colon tissue and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced human colonic epithelial cell line HT-29. Specifically, SM934 reduced the pyroptosis of IECs exposed to pathogenic signaling and inhibited pyroptosis-related factors such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteine protease-1 (caspase-1), gasdermin (GSDMD), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) both in colon tissue and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) co-stimulated HT-29 cells in vitro. Moreover, SM934 interdicted pyroptosis via blocking the transduction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling pathways. In conclusion, SM934 protected TNBS-induced colitis against intestinal barrier disruption by inhibiting the apoptosis and pyroptosis of epithelial cells via the NLRP3/NF-κB/MAPK signal axis, and intestinal barrier protection in company with an anti-inflammatory strategy might yield greater benefits in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Shao
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Yan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zemin Lin
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijun He, ; Jianping Zuo,
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijun He, ; Jianping Zuo,
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16
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Zeng Q, Cheng J, Wu H, Liang W, Cui Y. The dynamic cellular and molecular features during the development of radiation proctitis revealed by transcriptomic profiling in mice. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:431. [PMID: 35681125 PMCID: PMC9178886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation proctitis (RP) is the most common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic tumor. Currently there is a lack of effective clinical treatment and its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to dynamically reveal the mechanism of RP progression from the perspective of RNomics using a mouse model, so as to help develop reasonable therapeutic strategies for RP. RESULTS Mice were delivered a single dose of 25 Gy rectal irradiation, and the rectal tissues were removed at 4 h, 1 day, 3 days, 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-irradiation (PI) for both histopathological assessment and RNA-seq analysis. According to the histopathological characteristics, we divided the development process of our RP animal model into three stages: acute (4 h, 1 day and 3 days PI), subacute (2 weeks PI) and chronic (8 weeks PI), which could recapitulate the features of different stages of human RP. Bioinformatics analysis of the RNA-seq data showed that in the acute injury period after radiation, the altered genes were mainly enriched in DNA damage response, p53 signaling pathway and metabolic changes; while in the subacute and chronic stages of tissue reconstruction, genes involved in the biological processes of vessel development, extracellular matrix organization, inflammatory and immune responses were dysregulated. We further identified the hub genes in the most significant biological process at each time point using protein-protein interaction analysis and verified the differential expression of these genes by quantitative real-time-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the molecular events sequentially occurred during the course of RP development and might provide molecular basis for designing drugs targeting different stages of RP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jingyang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Haiyong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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17
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Haskey N, Ye J, Estaki M, Verdugo Meza AA, Barnett JA, Yousefi M, Birnie BW, Gruenheid S, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. A Mediterranean-like fat blend protects against the development of severe colitis in the mucin-2 deficient murine model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2055441. [PMID: 35471119 PMCID: PMC9045830 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2055441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the interaction between diet, the gut microbiota and the immune system contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A mounting body of scientific evidence suggests that high-fat diets exacerbate IBD; however, there is a lack of information on how specific types of fat impact colitis. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a health-promoting diet containing approximately 40% total fat. It is not known if the blend of fats found in the MD contributes to its beneficial protective effects. Mice deficient in the mucin 2 gene (Muc 2-/-) were weaned to 40% fat, isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets. We compared the MD fat blend (high monounsaturated, 2:1 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated and moderate saturated fat) to diets composed of corn oil (CO, n-6 polyunsaturated-rich), olive oil (monounsaturated-rich) or milk fat (MF, saturated-rich) on spontaneous colitis development in Muc2-/- mice. The MD resulted in lower clinical and histopathological scores and induced tolerogenic CD103+ CD11b+ dendritic, Th22 and IL-17+ IL-22+ cells necessary for intestinal barrier repair. The MD was associated with beneficial microbes and associated with higher cecal acetic acid levels negatively correlated with colitogenic microbes like Akkermansia muciniphila. In contrast, CO showed a higher prevalence of mucin-degraders including A. muciniphila and Enterobacteriaceae, which have been associated with colitis. A dietary blend of fats mimicking the MD, reduces disease activity, inflammation-related biomarkers and improves metabolic parameters in the Muc2-/- mouse model. Our findings suggest that the MD fat blend could be incorporated into a maintenance diet for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrea A. Verdugo Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- The Center for Phenogenomics Infection & McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Blake W. Birnie
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Associate Professor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,CONTACT Deanna L. Gibson ASC 368, 3187University Way Kelowna, BCCanadaV1V 1V7250-807-8790; 250-807-8001
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18
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Zhou Y, Dou F, Song H, Liu T. Anti-ulcerative effects of wogonin on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium via Nrf2/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in BALB/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:954-963. [PMID: 35044701 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease on the deepest lining of the colon and rectum. Wogonin is an antitumor flavonoid, which possesses various therapeutic properties. Even if the anti-colitis effect of wogonin was documented earlier, but the wogonin effect on inflammation underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this present study, we hypothesized to study the oxidative damage, anti-inflammatory, and molecular action of wogonin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice model. In methods, mice were categorized into four groups: that is, normal control, DSS alone, DSS + wogonin (30 mg/kg/day), and DSS + sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg/day). We determined the biochemical markers, inflammatory cytokines, histopathology of colon tissue, and western blot analysis. DSS significantly reduced body weight, colon length, and increased inflammation in the colon. Wogonin treatment prevented colonic ulceration, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes. Oxidative damage and inflammatory mediators' elevation were also dramatically diminished by wogonin. Wogonin activates apoptosis via inhibiting Bcl-2 and augmenting Bax, caspase-3, and -9 expressions. Wogonin downregulated the COX-2 and iNOS, thereby repressing NF-κB. Wogonin regulated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and decreased TLR-4/NF-κB triggering. Taken together our study exposed that wogonin has a promising anti-ulcerative agent and recommended for good anti-inflammatory drug in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Fafu Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Huwei Song
- Department of General Surgery 2, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery 2, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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19
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Rehman NU, Ansari MN, Palla AH, Karim A, Imam F, Raish M, Hamad AM, Noman M. Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich. suppress acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by reducing TNF-alpha and interleukin-6, oxidative stress parameters and improving mucosal protection. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221102518. [PMID: 35561078 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with rising prevalence in developing countries, and limited success of current therapies, natural products have immense potential for therapy due to their "disease modifying and side-effect neutralizing" potential. Myrica salicifolia is traditionally used for gastrointestinal diseases and have reported antiinflammatory activities, but its use in IBD has not yet been studied. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of the root extract of M. salicifolia (Ms.Cr) were investigated using the acetic acid-induced UC model in rats. For 6 days, the rats were given either vehicle (10 mL/kg), lower (200 mg/kg), and higher (400 mg/kg) doses of Ms.Cr, or the positive control drug (prednisolone; 2 mg/kg) orally. A single dosage of 5% acetic acid (1.0 mL) was administered intrarectally to rats on day 6 to induce UC. Disease activity index (DAI), histological observations, the biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, and specific cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined to assess the effect of Ms.Cr. In comparison to the AA-induced colitis rats, Ms.Cr's pretreatment significantly decreased DAI, colonic ulceration, and inflammatory score. Total glutathione levels and catalase activity were considerably recovered in the colitis group treated with Ms.Cr, whereas enhanced lipid peroxidation in colon tissues was significantly decreased. Moreover, Ms.Cr pretreatment also caused inhibition of the activation of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colonic tissues of respective groups. Based on these findings, Ms.Cr might be developed to treat UC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 248406Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 248406Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Palla
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology), Medical College, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, 445232National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - F Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Hamad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, 204568Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - M Noman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66783Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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20
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Mohamed NI, El-Kashef DH, Suddek GM. Flavocoxid halts both intestinal and extraintestinal alterations in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5945-5959. [PMID: 34431056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disorder mainly affecting the colon and rectum. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential protective effect of flavocoxid, a dual COX and LOX inhibitor, in colitis model in rats. UC was induced by instillation of 2 ml of 4% acetic acid (AA) into the colon using a pediatric catheter in rats, and flavocoxid (10 and 20 mg·kg-1) was given once daily for 7 days before induction of colitis. Rats were sacrificed; sera were collected; colons and livers were isolated and then analyzed by biochemical, macroscopic, and histopathological examination. Pretreatment with flavocoxid (10 and 20 mg·kg-1) significantly reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (43.7 ± 7 and 76.2 ± 7.3 vs. 288.7 ± 31.4 in AA group) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (179.5 ± 22.2 and 200.5 ± 14 vs. 392.7 ± 35.6 in AA group) (p>0.05). Also, it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels in both colonic and hepatic tissues. Moreover, flavocoxid effectively elevated colonic and hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity when compared to AA group (p>0.05). Additionally, flavocoxid significantly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (878.2 ± 13.4 and 560.1 ± 2.9 vs. 1378.1 ± 31 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (701 ± 6.9 and 442.5 ± 8.2 vs. 1501 ± 9.4 in AA group) in hepatic tissues, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κBp65) (493.8 ± 6.8 and 368.7 ± 3.1 vs. 659.2 ± 9.4 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (358 ± 5.1 and 163.5 ± 7.8 vs. 732.5 ± 4.5 in AA group) in hepatic tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) (15.7 ± 0.3 and 13 ± 0.2 vs. 20.9 ± 0.5 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (20.4 ± 0.3 and 16.3 ± 0.3 vs. 23.9 ± 1.2 in AA group) in hepatic tissues, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (12.5 ± 0.3 and 10 ± 0.2 vs. 16 ± 0.1 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (14.1 ± 0.04 and 11.5 ± 0.08 vs. 17.8 ± 0.1 in AA group) in hepatic tissues (p>0.05). Furthermore, it down-regulated Bax and caspase-3 expression in colonic and hepatic tissues upon comparison with AA group. Collectively, flavocoxid conferred a protective impact against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Yu X, Liu Y. Diosmetin attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 signalling pathways correlated with down-regulation of apoptotic events. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211067292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation of colon in which the innermost tissue of colon and rectum develops deep-rooted inflammation. Diosmetin is the aglycone of the flavonoid glycoside diosmin, commonly found in citrus fruits. Therapeutically diosmetin is indicated to demonstrate anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods In this research, we studied the action of diosmetin on TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced UC in rats. Male Wister rats were anesthetised with pentobarbital and TNBS introduced by performing an enema. Diosmetin treatment was provided through oral gavage for the next 28 days. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and colon tissues were collected for further examinations. Results Diosmetin treatment decreased colonic ulceration dramatically and decreased the percentage of inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Depletion of the TNBS assisted of superoxide dismutase and catalase was substantially restricted, while lipid peroxidation was recorded in the colonic tissue as malondialdehyde content was also decreased. After treatment with diosmetin, the occurrence of TNF-α, IL-6and NF-κB was considerably lowered and the number of apoptotic cells observed was significantly reduced. Conclusion Taken together, these observations demonstrated the potential of diosmetin against ulcer formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Teaching Materials, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang City, China
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22
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Nguma E, Yamashita S, Han KH, Otoki Y, Yamamoto A, Nakagawa K, Fukushima M, Miyazawa T, Kinoshita M. Dietary Ethanolamine Plasmalogen Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Colon Mucosa Integrity, Antioxidative Stress, and Anti-inflammatory Responses via Increased Ethanolamine Plasmalogen Molecular Species: Protective Role of Vinyl Ether Linkages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13034-13044. [PMID: 34723501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) has been reported to have several health benefits; however, its functional role during colon pathophysiology remains elusive. The present study investigated the anticolitis effect of dietary ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EtnGpls) with high PlsEtn from ascidian muscle (86.2 mol %) and low PlsEtn from porcine liver (7.7 mol %) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Dietary EtnGpls lowered myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, proinflammatory cytokines and proapoptosis-related protein levels in colon mucosa after 16 days of DSS treatment, with ascidian muscle (0.1% EtnGpl in diet) showing higher suppression than porcine liver (0.1% EtnGpl in diet). Moreover, dietary EtnGpls suppressed DSS symptoms after 38 days of DSS treatment as evidenced by increased body weight, colon length, and ameliorated colon mucosa integrity. Additionally, dietary EtnGpls elevated short-chain fatty acid production in DSS-treated mice. Altogether, these results indicate the potential of utilizing diets with abundant PlsEtn for the prevention of colon inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus Nguma
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kyu-Ho Han
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamamoto
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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Tian N, Hu L, Lu Y, Tong L, Feng M, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wu L, Ji Y, Zhang P, Xu T, Tong X. TKT maintains intestinal ATP production and inhibits apoptosis-induced colitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:853. [PMID: 34535624 PMCID: PMC8448773 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a close association with transketolase (TKT) that links glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, how TKT functions in the intestinal epithelium remains to be elucidated. To address this question, we specifically delete TKT in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IEC TKT-deficient mice are growth retarded and suffer from spontaneous colitis. TKT ablation brings about striking alterations of the intestine, including extensive mucosal erosion, aberrant tight junctions, impaired barrier function, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. Mechanistically, TKT deficiency significantly accumulates PPP metabolites and decreases glycolytic metabolites, thereby reducing ATP production, which results in excessive apoptosis and defective intestinal barrier. Therefore, our data demonstrate that TKT serves as an essential guardian of intestinal integrity and barrier function as well as a potential therapeutic target for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Physiology , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingning Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang S, Wu K, Xue D, Zhang C, Rajput SA, Qi D. Mechanism of deoxynivalenol mediated gastrointestinal toxicity: Insights from mitochondrial dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112214. [PMID: 33930483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin predominantly produced by Fusarium genus, and widely contaminates cereals and associated products all over the world. The intestinal toxicity of DON is well established. However, intestinal homeostasis involves mitochondria, which has rarely been considered in the context of DON exposure. We summarize the recent knowledge on mitochondria as a key player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis based on their functions in cellular energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, apoptosis, intestinal immune responses, and orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk with gut microbe. In addition, we discuss the pivotal roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal toxicity of DON and highlight promising mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for DON-induced intestinal injury. Recent studies support that the intestinal toxicity of DON is attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by failure in respiratory capacities and ROS overproduction has been demonstrated in intestinal cells exposed to DON. Perturbation of mitochondrial respiration leading to ROS accumulation is implicated in the early initiation of apoptosis. DON-induced intestinal inflammatory response is tightly linked to the mitochondrial ROS, whereas immunosuppression is intimately associated with mitophagy inhibition. DON perturbs the orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk between gut microbe and host mitochondria, which may be involved in DON-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Bendix M, Dige A, Jørgensen SP, Dahlerup JF, Bibby BM, Deleuran B, Agnholt J. Seven Weeks of High-Dose Vitamin D Treatment Reduces the Need for Infliximab Dose-Escalation and Decreases Inflammatory Markers in Crohn's Disease during One-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041083. [PMID: 33810258 PMCID: PMC8065492 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seven weeks of high-dose vitamin D treatment decreases intestinal IL17A and IFN-γ mRNA expression in active Crohn's disease (CD). In this follow-up study, we investigated whether seven-week vitamin D treatment affected the infliximab response in the following 45 weeks compared to placebo. METHODS CD patients (n = 40) were initially randomised into four groups: infliximab + vitamin-D; infliximab + placebo-vitamin-D; placebo-infliximab + vitamin-D; and placebo-infliximab + placebo-vitamin-D. Infliximab (5 mg/kg) or placebo-infliximab was administered at weeks 0, 2 and 6. Vitamin D (5 mg bolus followed by 0.5 mg/day for 7 weeks) or placebo-vitamin D was handed out. After the 7-week vitamin D period, all patients received infliximab during follow-up. Results are reported for Group D+ (infliximab + vitamin-D and placebo-infliximab + vitamin-D) and Group D- (infliximab + placebo-vitamin-D and placebo-infliximab + placebo-vitamin-D). RESULTS Group D- patients had greater needs for infliximab dose escalation during follow-up compared to group D+ (p = 0.05). Group D+ had lower median calprotectin levels week 15 (p = 0.02) and week 23 (p = 0.04) compared to group D-. Throughout follow-up, group D+ had 2.2 times (95% CI: 1.1-4.3) (p = 0.02) lower median CRP levels compared with group D-. CONCLUSIONS Seven weeks high-dose vitamin D treatment reduces the need for later infliximab dose-escalation and reduces inflammatory markers. EudraCT no. 2013-000971-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Bendix
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.D.); (S.P.J.); (J.F.D.); (J.A.)
- Medical Department, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Dige
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.D.); (S.P.J.); (J.F.D.); (J.A.)
| | - Søren Peter Jørgensen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.D.); (S.P.J.); (J.F.D.); (J.A.)
| | - Jens Frederik Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.D.); (S.P.J.); (J.F.D.); (J.A.)
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- Department of Public Health—Department of Biostatistics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Agnholt
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.D.); (S.P.J.); (J.F.D.); (J.A.)
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Xia P, Wu Y, Lian S, Quan G, Wang Y, Zhu G. Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine. AMB Express 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33738650 PMCID: PMC7973317 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.
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27
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Mucosal Epithelial Jak Kinases in Health and Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6618924. [PMID: 33814980 PMCID: PMC7990561 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (Jaks) are a family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that include four different members, viz., Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2. Jaks play critical roles in immune cells functions; however, recent studies suggest they also play essential roles in nonimmune cell physiology. This review highlights the significance of epithelial Jaks in understanding the molecular basis of some of the diseases through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell survival, cell growth, development, and differentiation. Growth factors and cytokines produced by the cells of hematopoietic origin use Jak kinases for signal transduction in both immune and nonimmune cells. Among Jaks, Jak3 is widely expressed in both immune cells and in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of both humans and mice. Mutations that abrogate Jak3 functions cause an autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) while activating Jak3 mutations lead to the development of hematologic and epithelial cancers. A selective Jak3 inhibitor CP-690550 (Xeljanz) approved by the FDA for certain chronic inflammatory conditions demonstrates immunosuppressive activity in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and organ transplant rejection. Here, we also focus on the consequences of Jak3-directed drugs on adverse effects in light of recent discoveries in mucosal epithelial functions of Jak3 with some information on other Jaks. Lastly, we brief on structural implications of Jak3 domains beyond the immune cells. As information about the roles of Jak3 in gastrointestinal functions and associated diseases are only just emerging, in the review, we summarize its implications in gastrointestinal wound repair, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, and epithelial cancers. Lastly, we shed lights on identifying potential novel targets in developing therapeutic interventions of diseases associated with dysfunctional IEC.
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28
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Zhang Y, Zha Z, Shen W, Li D, Kang N, Chen Z, Liu Y, Xu G, Xu Q. Anemoside B4 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis through S100A9/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chin Med 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 33461587 PMCID: PMC7814617 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased morbidity of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the developing countries, available treatments remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to discover more effective therapeutic strategies. Pulsatilla chinensis was widely used for the treatment of inflamed intestinal diseases including UC for thousands of years in China. Anemoside B4, the most abundant triterpenoid saponin isolated from P. chinensis, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and may be the most active compounds, which is responsible for the therapeutic effects. However, the mechanism how anemoside B4 executes its biological functions is still elusive. METHODS Here, we used the 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of anemoside B4. Blood samples of colitis rats were collected for hematology analysis. The inflammation-associated factors were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell proliferation and apoptosis was determined with EdU cell proliferation assay and TUNEL assay. The proteins regulated by anemoside B4 were identified by label-free quantitative proteomics. The significantly down-regulated proteins were verified by Western blotting analysis. mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The results showed that anemoside B4 ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis symptoms, including tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, apoptosis and slowed proliferation in colon. Quantitative proteomic analyses discovered that 56 proteins were significantly altered by anemoside B4 in the TNBS-induced rats. These proteins mainly clustered in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport chain. Among the altered proteins, S100A9 is one of the most significantly down-regulated proteins and associated with NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of UC. Further experiments revealed that anemoside B4 suppressed the expression of S100A9 and its downstream genes including TLR4 and NF-κB in colon. In vitro, anemoside B4 could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by recombinant S100A9 protein in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Moreover, anemoside B4 inhibits neutrophils recruitment and activation in colon induced by TNBS. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that anemoside B4 prevents TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway through deactivating S100A9, suggesting that anemoside B4 is a promising therapeutic candidate for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengxia Zha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Molecular and Clinical Features of EGFR-TKI-Associated Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020792. [PMID: 33466795 PMCID: PMC7829873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and anticancer resistance. Non-small-cell lung cancer patients who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and obtained survival benefits had somatic EGFR mutations. EGFR-TKI-related adverse events (AEs) are usually tolerable and manageable, although serious AEs, including lung injury (specifically, interstitial lung disease (ILD), causing 58% of EGFR-TKI treatment-related deaths), occur infrequently. The etiopathogenesis of EGFR-TKI-induced ILD remains unknown. Risk factors, such as tobacco exposure, pre-existing lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and poor performance status, indicate that lung inflammatory circumstances may worsen with EGFR-TKI treatment because of impaired epithelial healing of lung injuries. There is limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-induced ILD in the available literature. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between EGFR-TKIs and AEs, especially ILD. Recent reports on mechanisms inducing lung injury or resistance in cytokine-rich circumstances were reviewed. We discussed the relevance of cytotoxic agents or immunotherapeutic agents in combination with EGFR-TKIs as a potential mechanism of EGFR-TKI-related lung injury and reviewed recent developments in diagnostics and therapeutics that facilitate recovery from lung injury or overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatment.
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30
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Jin Y, Zhai Z, Jia H, Lai J, Si X, Wu Z. Kaempferol attenuates diquat-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:6889-6899. [PMID: 34338265 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonol component of plants, is well-known to exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects remain elusive. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that kaempferol attenuated diquat-induced oxidative damage and intestinal barrier dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative damage and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Compared with the control group, diquat treatment led to enhanced intracellular ROS production, increased mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis, which were accompanied by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, reduced cell migration, and disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier function. These effects triggered by diquat were reversed by kaempferol. Further study showed that the protective effect of kaempferol was associated with an enhanced mRNA level of genes related to cell cycle progression (cyclin D1, CDK4, and E2F1) and genes implicated in the anti-oxidant system (GSR, GSTA4, and HO-1), up-regulated abundance of tight junctions (ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, and claudin-4), as well as enhanced Nrf2, an anti-oxidant transcription factor. In conclusion, we revealed a functional role of kaempferol in the intestinal barrier. Ingestion of kaempferol-rich foods might be a potential strategy to improve the integrity and function of enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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32
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Kwon O, Han TS, Son MY. Intestinal Morphogenesis in Development, Regeneration, and Disease: The Potential Utility of Intestinal Organoids for Studying Compartmentalization of the Crypt-Villus Structure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593969. [PMID: 33195268 PMCID: PMC7644937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and structure of the intestinal epithelium are rearranged dynamically during development, tissue regeneration, and disease progression. The most important characteristic of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis is the repetitive compartmentalized structures of crypt-villus units, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and functions. Abnormal structures are known to be closely associated with disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding how intestinal crypt-villus structures are formed and grown is essential for elucidating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the intestinal epithelium. However, a critical knowledge gap in understanding the compartmentalization of the crypt-villus axis remains when using animal models, due to obvious inter-species differences and difficulty in real-time monitoring. Recently, emerging technologies such as organoid culture, lineage tracing, and single cell sequencing have enabled the assessment of the intrinsic mechanisms of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss the latest research on the regulatory factors and signaling pathways that play a central role in the formation, maintenance, and regeneration of crypt-villus structures in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we discuss how these factors and pathways play a role in development, tissue regeneration, and disease. We further explore how the current technology of three-dimensional intestinal organoids has contributed to the understanding of crypt-villus compartmentalization, highlighting new findings related to the self-organizing-process-driven initiation and propagation of crypt-villus structures. We also discuss intestinal diseases featuring abnormalities of the crypt-villus structure to provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal morphogenesis and crypt-villus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohman Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kellermann L, Jensen KB, Bergenheim F, Gubatan J, Chou ND, Moss A, Nielsen OH. Mucosal vitamin D signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102672. [PMID: 32942038 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low serum levels correlate with a higher disease activity and a more complicated disease course. The link to IBD pathogenesis has been subject of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A leaky gut, i.e. an insufficient intestinal epithelial barrier, is thought to be central for the pathogenesis of IBD, and emerging data support the concept that vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in controlling barrier integrity. Here we review the latest evidence on how vitamin D promotes the interplay between IECs, the gut microbiome, and immune cells and thereby regulate the intestinal immune response. On the cellular level, vitamin D signaling regulates tight junctional complexes, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased epithelial barrier integrity, and promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides as part of its immunomodulating functions. Further, intestinal VDR expression is inversely correlated with the severity of inflammation in patients with IBD, which might compromise the positive effects of vitamin D signaling in patients with flaring disease. Efforts to reveal the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD will pave the road for the invention of more rational treatment strategies of this debilitating disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Kellermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Naomi D Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Boston Medical Center & Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Wolfarth AA, Liu X, Darby TM, Boyer DJ, Spizman JB, Owens JA, Chandrasekharan B, Naudin CR, Hanley KZ, Robinson BS, Ortlund EA, Jones RM, Neish AS. Proline-Rich Acidic Protein 1 (PRAP1) Protects the Gastrointestinal Epithelium From Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:713-727. [PMID: 32629119 PMCID: PMC7498829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal epithelium must be resilient to physiochemical stress to uphold the physiological barrier separating the systemic compartment from the microbial and antigenic components of the gut lumen. Identifying proteins that mediate protection and enhancing their expression is therefore a clear approach to promote intestinal health. We previously reported that oral ingestion of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG not only induced the expression of several recognized cytoprotective factors in the murine colon, but also many genes with no previously described function, including the gene encoding proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1). PRAP1 is a highly expressed protein in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and we sought to define its function in this tissue. METHODS Purified preparations of recombinant PRAP1 were analyzed biochemically and PRAP1 antisera were used to visualize localization in tissues. Prap1-/- mice were characterized at baseline and challenged with total body irradiation, then enteroids were generated to recapitulate the irradiation challenge ex vivo. RESULTS PRAP1 is a 17-kilodalton intrinsically disordered protein with no recognizable sequence homology. PRAP1 expression levels were high in the epithelia of the small intestine. Although Prap1-/- mice presented only mild phenotypes at baseline, they were highly susceptible to intestinal injury upon challenge. After irradiation, the Prap1-/- mice showed accelerated death with a significant increase in apoptosis and p21 expression in the small intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS PRAP1 is an intrinsically disordered protein highly expressed by the gastrointestinal epithelium and functions at exposed surfaces to protect the barrier from oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Wolfarth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor M Darby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Darra J Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jocelyn B Spizman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bindu Chandrasekharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Krisztina Z Hanley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian S Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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35
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He Y, Sun X, Rong W, Yang R, Liang H, Qi Y, Li L, Zen K. CD47 is a negative regulator of intestinal epithelial cell self-renewal following DSS-induced experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10180. [PMID: 32576895 PMCID: PMC7311394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 deficient mice are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized the role of CD47 in modulating homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract. We found that CD47 expression in both human and mouse intestinal epithelium was upregulated in colitic condition compared to that under normal condition. In line with this, CD47 deficiency protected mice from DSS-induced colitis. Analysis based on both intestinal organoid and cultured cell assays showed that CD47 deficiency accelerated intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, western blot and functional assays indicated that CD47 deficiency promoting mouse intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration follow cell injury is likely through upregulating expression of four Yamanaka transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM in abbreviation). Our studies thus reveal CD47 as a negative regulator in intestinal epithelial cell renewal during colitis through downregulating OSKM transcriptional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin He
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlei Sun
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Li
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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36
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Bao J, Tang C, Zhang Z. Selenium deficiency induced necroptosis, Th1/Th2 imbalance, and inflammatory responses in swine ileum. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:222-234. [PMID: 32488864 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency has a significant impact on the swine breeding industry by inducing digestive system damage and diarrhea. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our objectives were to investigate if different amounts of necroptosis, inflammatory responses, and T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 (Th1/Th2) imbalances were induced by Se deficiency in intestinal porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and swine ileum tissue. Therefore, Se-deficient models were successfully established both in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, the cell morphological observation results showed that Se deficiency seriously affected the growth and differentiation of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, the necroptosis staining and histomorphology observation results showed that the number of necroptotic cells increased significantly, and the ileal tissue exhibited abnormal structures, including necroptotic features and inflammatory cell infiltration, in the Se-deficient group. Furthermore, Se deficiency resulted in accelerated cell necroptosis by increasing (p < .05) the expression of genes related to the tumor necrosis factor-α pathway at both the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels compared to the control group. Moreover, the relative mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory genes and their responses to dietary Se deficiency were consistent with the resultant Th1/Th2 imbalances in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the results suggested that Se deficiency caused necroptosis, inflammatory responses, and abnormal expression of cytokines in swine ileum tissue. These findings might help us to explain the damage induced by Se deficiency to the digestive system of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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37
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Zhang J, Xu M, Zhou W, Li D, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ning L, Zhang Y, Li S, Yu M, Chen Y, Zeng H, Cen L, Zhou T, Zhou X, Lu C, Yu C, Li Y, Sun J, Kong X, Shen Z. Deficiency in the anti-apoptotic protein DJ-1 promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via p53. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4237-4251. [PMID: 32075910 PMCID: PMC7105307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease autosomal recessive, early onset 7 (PARK7 or DJ-1) is involved in multiple physiological processes and exerts anti-apoptotic effects on multiple cell types. Increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis and excessive activation of the p53 signaling pathway is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether DJ-1 plays a role in colitis is unclear. To determine whether DJ-1 deficiency is involved in the p53 activation that results in IEC apoptosis in colitis, here we performed immunostaining, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting analyses to assess DJ-1 expression in human UC and CD samples. In the inflamed intestines of individuals with IBD, DJ-1 expression was decreased and negatively correlated with p53 expression. DJ-1 deficiency significantly aggravated colitis, evidenced by increased intestinal inflammation and exacerbated IEC apoptosis. Moreover, DJ-1 directly interacted with p53, and reduced DJ-1 levels increased p53 levels both in vivo and in vitro and were associated with decreased p53 degradation via the lysosomal pathway. We also induced experimental colitis with dextran sulfate sodium in mice and found that compared with DJ-1-/- mice, DJ-1-/-p53-/- mice have reduced apoptosis and inflammation and increased epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of p53 relieved inflammation in the DJ-1-/- mice. In conclusion, reduced DJ-1 expression promotes inflammation and IEC apoptosis via p53 in colitis, suggesting that the modulation of DJ-1 expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Longgui Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rui Jin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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38
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Heib M, Rose-John S, Adam D. Necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:83-152. [PMID: 32381179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an unexpected connection between necroptosis and members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protease family has been reported. Necroptosis represents an important cell death routine which helps to protect from viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, maintains adult T cell homeostasis and contributes to the elimination of potentially defective organisms before parturition. Equally important for organismal homeostasis, ADAM proteases control cellular processes such as development and differentiation, immune responses or tissue regeneration. Notably, necroptosis as well as ADAM proteases have been implicated in the control of inflammatory responses in the intestine. In this review, we therefore provide an overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function, discuss the contribution of necroptosis and ADAMs to intestinal (dys)function, and review the current knowledge on the role of ADAMs in necroptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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39
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Liu H, Liang Z, Wang F, Zhou C, Zheng X, Hu T, He X, Wu X, Lan P. Exosomes from mesenchymal stromal cells reduce murine colonic inflammation via a macrophage-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131273. [PMID: 31689240 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have multiple potential side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments are desperately needed. This work demonstrated that systemic administration of exosomes from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-Exos) substantially mitigated colitis in various models of IBD. MSC-Exos treatment downregulated inflammatory responses, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and polarized M2b macrophages but did not favor intestinal fibrosis. Mechanistically, infused MSC-Exos acted mainly on colonic macrophages, and macrophages from colitic colons acquired obvious resistance to inflammatory restimulation when prepared from mice treated with MSC-Exos versus untreated mice. The beneficial effect of MSC-Exos was blocked by macrophage depletion. Also, the induction of IL-10 production from macrophages was partially involved in the beneficial effect of MSC-Exos. MSC-Exos were enriched in proteins involved in regulating multiple biological processes associated with the anticolitic benefit of MSC-Exos. Particularly, metallothionein-2 in MSC-Exos was required for the suppression of inflammatory responses. Taken together, MSC-Exos are critical regulators of inflammatory responses and may be promising candidates for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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40
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He Y, Fan X, Liu N, Song Q, Kou J, Shi Y, Luo X, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wu G. l-Glutamine Represses the Unfolded Protein Response in the Small Intestine of Weanling Piglets. J Nutr 2019; 149:1904-1910. [PMID: 31334766 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in apoptosis, inflammation, and enhanced proteolysis in the small intestine of humans and animals. l-Glutamine (Gln) is required for intestinal mucosal homeostasis in piglets. However, a functional role of the ER in the enterocytes of weanling piglets and its contribution to intestinal mucosal integrity remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that preweaning administration of Gln alleviates the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the small intestine of weanling piglets. METHODS Eighteen sow-reared piglets aged 7 d from 3 litters (6 piglets/litter) were assigned randomly into 1 of 3 treatment groups. Piglets were reared by sows until age 24 d, or were reared by sows and orally administered either l-alanine [1.84 g · kg body weight (BW)-1 · d-1] or Gln (1.52 g · kg BW-1 · d-1) twice daily between 7 and 21 d of age, and then weaned to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. The small-intestinal samples were collected at 24 d of age for analyses of abundance of proteins related to ER stress and apoptosis, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and mRNA abundance for genes implicated in protein degradation. RESULTS Compared with age-matched suckling piglets, weaning stress increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in the jejunum. The abundance of proteins related to ER stress [binding immunoglobulin protein, activating transcription factor 6α, phosphorylated (p)-inositol-requiring kinase 1α, and p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α] was elevated by 200% to 320%, and that of apoptotic proteins (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, p-Jun-N-terminal kinase, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X) was augmented by 100% to 350% in the jejunum of weanling piglets. The protein abundance for IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 was increased by 100% to 230% in the jejunum of weanling piglets. These alterations in gene and protein expression were markedly abrogated by Gln supplementation. The mRNA concentration of F-Box protein 32 in the jejunum of weanling piglets was increased by 70%, compared with the control group, and was not affected by Gln supplementation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that preweaning administration of Gln to nursing piglets alleviates the weaning-activated UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Yamaoka T, Arata S, Homma M, Homma T, Kusumoto S, Ando K, Manabe R, Kishino Y, Ohba M, Tsurutani J, Takimoto M, Ohmori T, Sagara H. Blockade of EGFR Activation Promotes TNF-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Pulmonary Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164021. [PMID: 31426531 PMCID: PMC6720446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonitis is the leading cause of death associated with the use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the risk factors and the mechanism underlying this toxicity have not been elucidated. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been reported to transactivate EGFR in pulmonary epithelial cells. Hence, we aimed to test the hypothesis that EGFR tyrosine kinase activity regulates TNF-mediated bronchial epithelial cell survival, and that inhibition of EGFR activity increases TNF-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis. We used surfactant protein C (SPC)-TNF transgenic (tg) mice which overexpress TNF in the lungs. In this model, gefitinib, an EGFR-TKI, enhanced lung epithelial cell apoptosis and lymphocytic inflammation, indicating that EGFR tyrosine kinase prevents TNF-induced lung injury. Furthermore, IL-17A was significantly upregulated by gefitinib in SPC-TNF tg mice and p38MAPK activation was observed, indicative of a pathway involved in lung epithelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, in lung epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, TNF stimulated EGFR transactivation via the TNF-α-converting enzyme in a manner that requires heparin binding (HB)-EGF and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α. These novel findings have significant implications in understanding the role of EGFR in maintaining human bronchial epithelial cell homeostasis and in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Yamaoka
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Satoru Arata
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Mayumi Homma
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Koichi Ando
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Ryou Manabe
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kishino
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Motoi Ohba
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohmori
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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Xu X, Zhu X, Wang C, Li Y, Fan C, Kao X. microRNA-650 promotes inflammation induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelioid cells by targeting NLRP6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:551-556. [PMID: 31399193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a serious threat to public health, is one of the main forms of inflammatory bowel disease, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying ulcerative colitis induced by inflammation still remain elusive. NPLR6 gene is previously shown to regulate intestinal homeostasis and regulate the colonic microbial ecology. Here, we report that microRNA-650 (miR-650) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC as an upstream regulator of NPLR6 gene. MiR-650 is proved overexpressed in the inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and the DSS induced colitis model mice by qRT-PCR. Over-expression of miR-650 leads to increased apoptosis of Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells, and the DSS-induced mice aggravation, while knock-down of miR-650 shows opposite effects. Through constructing luciferase reporter genes containing 3'-untranslated regions of NLRP6, we further demonstrate that miR-650 inhibits NLRP6 through binding to its 3'-untranslated regions. Overexpression of NLRP6 in Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells suppress the increase apoptosis induced by miR-650 overexpression. Overall, the findings of this study indicate the role of miR-650 in ulcerative colitis, which provides a new target for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xu
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xi Zhu
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaogang Fan
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Kao
- Jinling Hospital Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Che L, Li Y, Song R, Qin C, Hao W, Wang B, Yang L, Peng P, Xu F. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activity of taraxasterol in ulcerative colitis in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1745-1751. [PMID: 31410133 PMCID: PMC6676081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is closely associated with colorectal cancer, the long-standing chronic inflammation being the key etiology of ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activity of taraxasterol in ulcerative colitis. MTT assay was used to obtain the optimal concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and taraxasterol for cell treatments in vitro. A mouse model of colitis was established via dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) administration. Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected through ELISA. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to detect apoptosis and related protein expression levels, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect the pathological damage. The results from the MTT assay identified the optimal concentration of LPS and taraxasterol, and ELISA results demonstrated that taraxasterol treatment decreased the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo, in a dose-dependent manner. Taraxasterol treatment inhibited apoptosis, and reduced the protein levels of p53, Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) and caspase-3. Finally, pathological damages were reduced in colonic tissues of mice treated with taraxasterol. Taken together, taraxasterol treatment markedly inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in ulcerative colitis. Therefore, taraxasterol may be a promising agent for decreasing the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Che
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ruifeng Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Qin
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bingxue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Puji Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Petit V, Parcelier A, Mathé C, Barroca V, Torres C, Lewandowski D, Ferri F, Gallouët AS, Dalloz M, Dinet O, Boschetti G, Vozenin MC, Roméo PH. TRIM33 deficiency in monocytes and macrophages impairs resolution of colonic inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:60-70. [PMID: 31130476 PMCID: PMC6604767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature myeloid cells play a crucial role in Crohn's disease (CD) but the molecular players that regulate their functions in CD are not fully characterized. We and others have shown that TRIM33 is involved in the innate immune response and in the inflammatory response but TRIM33 role in intestinal inflammation is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM33 in myeloid cells during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS We study the role of TRIM33 during DSS-induced colitis which mimics intestinal inflammation using mice deleted for Trim33 only in mature myeloid cells (Trim33-/- mice) FINDINGS: We first show that Trim33 mRNA level is decreased in CD patient's blood monocytes suggesting a role of TRIM33 in CD. Using Trim33-/- mice, we show that these mice display an impaired resolution of colonic inflammation with an increased number of blood and colon monocytes and a decreased number of colonic macrophages. Trim33-/- monocytes are less competent for recruitment and macrophage differentiation. Finally, during resolution of inflammation, Trim33-/- colonic macrophages display an impaired M1/M2 switch and express a low level of membrane-bound TNF that is associated with an increased number of colonic neutrophils. INTERPRETATION Our study shows an important role of TRIM33 in monocytes/macrophages during DSS-induced colitis and suggests that the decreased expression of TRIM33 in CD patient's blood monocytes might not be a consequence but might be involved in CD progression. FUND: La Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée), INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Petit
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Aude Parcelier
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Yposkei (Genethon), 91200 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Cecile Mathé
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Claire Torres
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Federica Ferri
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; CEA/DRF/JACOB/IDMIT, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Marion Dalloz
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Servier, Oncology, 78290 Croissy, France
| | - Océane Dinet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory, Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Roméo
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
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Jung JH, Choi JW, Lee MK, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Effect of Cyclophilin from Pyropia Yezoensis on the Proliferation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Ras Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050297. [PMID: 31109065 PMCID: PMC6562528 DOI: 10.3390/md17050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin (Cyp) is peptidyl–prolyl isomerase (PPIase), and it has many biological functions, including immune response regulation, antioxidants, etc. Cyp from red algae is known for its antioxidant and antifungal activity. However, the other biological effects of Cyp from Pyropia yezoensis are unclear. In this study, we synthesized Cyp from P. yezoensis (pyCyp) and examined its biological activity on IEC-6 cells. First, the MTS assay showed that pyCyp increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. pyCyp activated the EGFR signaling pathway that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. It induced intracellular signaling pathways, including the Ras signaling pathway. In addition, we observed cell cycle-related proteins. pyCyp increased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin E, and Cdk2, and decreased the expression of p27 and p21 proteins. These results indicate that pyCyp stimulates cell proliferation via the EGFR signaling pathway and promotes cell cycle progression in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, we suggest pyCyp as a potential material to promote the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-material & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
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Jung H, Leal-Ekman JS, Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Atg14 protects the intestinal epithelium from TNF-triggered villus atrophy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1990-2001. [PMID: 30894050 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of intestinal epithelial turnover is a key component of villus maintenance in the intestine. The balance of cell turnover can be perturbed by various extrinsic factors including the cytokine TNF, a cell signaling protein that mediates both proliferative and cytotoxic outcomes. Under conditions of infection and damage, defects in autophagy are associated with TNF-mediated cell death and tissue damage in the intestinal epithelium. However, a direct role of autophagy within the context of enterocyte cell death during homeostasis is lacking. Here, we generated mice lacking ATG14 (autophagy related 14) within the intestinal epithelium [Atg14f/f Vil1-Cre (VC)+]. These mice developed spontaneous villus loss and intestinal epithelial cell death within the small intestine. Based on marker studies, the increased cell death in these mice was due to apoptosis. Atg14f/f VC+ intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated sensitivity to TNF-triggered apoptosis. Correspondingly, both TNF blocking antibody and genetic deletion of Tnfrsf1a/Tnfr1 rescued villus loss and cell death phenotype in Atg14f/f VC+ mice. Lastly, we identified a similar pattern of spontaneous villus atrophy and cell death when Rb1cc1/Fip200 was conditionally deleted from the intestinal epithelium (Rb1cc1f/f VC+). Overall, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that factors that control entry into the autophagy pathway are also required during homeostasis to prevent TNF triggered death in the intestine. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; Atg14: autophagy related 14; Atg16l1: autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); Atg5: autophagy related 5; cCASP3: cleaved CASP3/caspase-3; cCASP8: cleaved CASP8/caspase-8; CHX: cycloheximide; EdU: 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine thymidine; f/f: flox/flox; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Nec-1: necrostatin-1; Rb1cc1/Fip200: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; Ripk1: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1; Ripk3: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3; Tnfrsf1a/Tnfr1: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a; Tnf/ Tnfsf1a: tumor necrosis factor; VC: Vil1/villin 1-Cre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Jung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - J Steven Leal-Ekman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Chae JM, Chang MH, Heo W, Cho HT, Lee DH, Hwang BB, Kim JW, Yoon SM, Yang S, Lee JH, Kim YJ. LB-9, Novel Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria, Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting TNF-α-Mediated Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Med Food 2019; 22:271-276. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Chae
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Moon Han Chang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Bo Byeol Hwang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | | | | | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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Methods for Assessing Apoptosis and Anoikis in Normal Intestine/Colon and Colorectal Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1765:99-137. [PMID: 29589304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7765-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-dependent apoptosis, including its distinct cell death subroutine known as anoikis, perform essential roles during organogenesis, as well as in the maintenance and repair of tissues. To this effect, the continuous renewal of the human intestinal/colon epithelium is characterized by the exfoliation by anoikis of differentiated cells, whereas immature/undifferentiated cells may occasionally undergo apoptosis in order to evacuate daughter cells that are damaged or defective. Dysregulated epithelial apoptosis is a significant component of inflammatory bowel diseases. Conversely, the acquisition of a resistance to apoptosis represents one of the hallmarks of cancer initiation and progression, including for colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, the emergence of anoikis resistance constitutes a critical step in cancer progression (including CRC), as well as a limiting one that enables invasion and metastasis.Considering the implications of apoptosis/anoikis dysregulation in gut physiopathology, it therefore becomes incumbent to understand the functional determinants that underlie such dysregulation-all the while having to monitor, assess, or evidence apoptosis and/or anoikis. In this chapter, methodologies that are typically used to assess caspase-dependent apoptosis and anoikis in intestinal/colonic normal and CRC cells, whether in vivo, ex vivo, or in cellulo, are provided.
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El-Akabawy G, El-Sherif NM. Zeaxanthin exerts protective effects on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:841-851. [PMID: 30616083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a common intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Zeaxanthin is a nutritional carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll family of pigments. It exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of zeaxanthin on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Rats were randomly categorized into five groups: control, zeaxanthin, acetic acid, acetic acid + zeaxanthin, and acetic acid + prednisolone groups. Zeaxanthin (50 mg/kg/day) or prednisolone (5 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 14 days before induction of ulcerative colitis. On the 15th day, colitis was induced by transrectal administration of 3% acetic acid. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after rectal instillation and their colon tissues were examined. Pretreatment with zeaxanthin significantly reduced disease activity index, wet colon weight, ulcer area, macroscopic scores, and histological changes. Zeaxanthin also effectively downregulated the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, upregulated the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and raised glutathione levels. With regard to anti-inflammatory mechanisms, zeaxanthin suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and nuclear transcription factor kappa B levels, and inhibited nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Our results indicate that oral administration of zeaxanthin ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via antioxidative effects and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and mediator activity. Therefore, zeaxanthin may be an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan El-Akabawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Neveen M El-Sherif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Hegyi P, Maléth J, Walters JR, Hofmann AF, Keely SJ. Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1983-2023. [PMID: 30067158 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and fluid to and from the luminal contents. At the same time, epithelial cells are responsible for forming a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents the entry into the body of harmful agents, such as bacteria and their toxins. Dysregulation of epithelial transport and barrier function is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of conditions throughout the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and cancer. Driven by discovery of specific receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, new insights into mechanisms that control their synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, and a growing appreciation of their roles as bioactive bacterial metabolites, bile acids are currently receiving a great deal of interest as critical regulators of epithelial function in health and disease. This review aims to summarize recent advances in this field and to highlight how bile acids are now emerging as exciting new targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Joszef Maléth
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Julian R Walters
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Alan F Hofmann
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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