1
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Jalili C, Ranjbar Shamsi R, Amiri B, Kakebaraie S, Jalili F, Nasta TZ. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin on the reproductive system: Focus on cell cycle dynamics and apoptosis in testicular tissue. Toxicology 2024; 504:153773. [PMID: 38484789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are inevitable environmental contaminants that are detrimental to human and animal health. AFs interfere with metabolic processes, metabolizing into different hydroxylated derivatives in the liver, as well as mechanistically induce ROS accumulation, S-phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Chronic consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods can adversely affect the male reproductive system, cause testicular damage, prevent testosterone synthesis, decline sperm quality, and cause infertility. Oxidative stress is the fundamental pathogenesis of aflatoxin-induced reproductive toxicity. The overproduction of reactive oxygen substances can cause testicular failure and disturb the process of spermatogenesis. Mitochondria are susceptible to being impaired by oxidative stress, and its damage is associated with infertility. AFs also disturb the process of spermatogenesis by disrupting the regulation of genes related to the progression of the cell cycle such as cyclins and inducing genes related to apoptosis, thereby weakening fertility and negatively affecting the testicular endocrine potential by suppressing androgen synthesis. Additionally, AFs downregulate ERα expression, potentially negatively impacting spermatogenesis by enhancing the apoptotic mechanism. In this review, we provide new insights into the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of AFB1 on the male reproductive system with a focus on the cell cycle and apoptosis destruction of testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rahele Ranjbar Shamsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bita Amiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Seyran Kakebaraie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Touraj Zamir Nasta
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Suba Z. DNA Damage Responses in Tumors Are Not Proliferative Stimuli, but Rather They Are DNA Repair Actions Requiring Supportive Medical Care. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1573. [PMID: 38672654 PMCID: PMC11049279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tumors, somatic mutagenesis presumably drives the DNA damage response (DDR) via altered regulatory pathways, increasing genomic instability and proliferative activity. These considerations led to the standard therapeutic strategy against cancer: the disruption of mutation-activated DNA repair pathways of tumors. PURPOSE Justifying that cancer cells are not enemies to be killed, but rather that they are ill human cells which have the remnants of physiologic regulatory pathways. RESULTS 1. Genomic instability and cancer development may be originated from a flaw in estrogen signaling rather than excessive estrogen signaling; 2. Healthy cells with genomic instability exhibit somatic mutations, helping DNA restitution; 3. Somatic mutations in tumor cells aim for the restoration of DNA damage, rather than further genomic derangement; 4. In tumors, estrogen signaling drives the pathways of DNA stabilization, leading to apoptotic death; 5. In peritumoral cellular infiltration, the genomic damage of the tumor induces inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased estrogen synthesis. In the inflammatory cells, an increased growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling confers the unliganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs); 6. In breast cancer cells responsive to genotoxic therapy, constitutive mutations help the upregulation of estrogen signaling and consequential apoptosis. In breast tumors non-responsive to genotoxic therapy, the possibilities for ER activation via either liganded or unliganded pathways are exhausted, leading to farther genomic instability and unrestrained proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the real character and behavior of human tumors at the molecular level suggests that we should learn the genome repairing methods of tumors and follow them by supportive therapy, rather than provoking additional genomic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Suba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György Str. 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Chen Q, Guo P, Hong Y, Mo P, Yu C. The multifaceted therapeutic value of targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 in tumorigenesis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38553750 PMCID: PMC10979636 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1, also known as NCOA1) frequently functions as a transcriptional coactivator by directly binding to transcription factors and recruiting to the target gene promoters to promote gene transcription by increasing chromatin accessibility and promoting the formation of transcriptional complexes. In recent decades, various biological and pathological functions of SRC-1 have been reported, especially in the context of tumorigenesis. SRC-1 is a facilitator of the progression of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, neurological cancer, and female genital system cancer. The emerging multiorgan oncogenic role of SRC-1 is still being studied and may not be limited to only steroid hormone-producing tissues. Growing evidence suggests that SRC-1 promotes target gene expression by directly binding to transcription factors, which may constitute a novel coactivation pattern independent of AR or ER. In addition, the antitumour effect of pharmacological inhibition of SRC-1 with agents including various small molecules or naturally active compounds has been reported, but their practical application in clinical cancer therapy is very limited. For this review, we gathered typical evidence on the oncogenic role of SRC-1, highlighted its major collaborators and regulatory genes, and mapped the potential mechanisms by which SRC-1 promotes primary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Yilin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China.
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4
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Ashton AW, Dhanjal HK, Rossner B, Mahmood H, Patel VI, Nadim M, Lota M, Shahid F, Li Z, Joyce D, Pajkos M, Dosztányi Z, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Acetylation of nuclear receptors in health and disease: an update. FEBS J 2024; 291:217-236. [PMID: 36471658 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a common reversible post-translational modification of proteins that plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Nuclear receptors (NRs) include ligand-inducible transcription factors and orphan receptors for which the ligand is undetermined, which together regulate the expression of genes involved in development, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction and human diseases including cancer. Since the original finding that the ERα, AR and HNF4 are acetylated, we now understand that the vast majority of NRs are acetylated and that this modification has profound effects on NR function. Acetylation sites are often conserved and involve both ordered and disordered regions of NRs. The acetylated residues function as part of an intramolecular signalling platform intersecting phosphorylation, methylation and other modifications. Acetylation of NR has been shown to impact recruitment into chromatin, co-repressor and coactivator complex formation, sensitivity and specificity of regulation by ligand and ligand antagonists, DNA binding, subcellular distribution and transcriptional activity. A growing body of evidence in mice indicates a vital role for NR acetylation in metabolism. Additionally, mutations of the NR acetylation site occur in human disease. This review focuses on the role of NR acetylation in coordinating signalling in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rossner
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Huma Mahmood
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Vivek I Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Mohammad Nadim
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Manpreet Lota
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Farhan Shahid
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Zhiping Li
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matyas Pajkos
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dosztányi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Saleban M, Harris EL, Poulter JA. D-Type Cyclins in Development and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1445. [PMID: 37510349 PMCID: PMC10378862 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
D-type cyclins encode G1/S cell cycle checkpoint proteins, which play a crucial role in defining cell cycle exit and progression. Precise control of cell cycle exit is vital during embryonic development, with defects in the pathways regulating intracellular D-type cyclins resulting in abnormal initiation of stem cell differentiation in a variety of different organ systems. Furthermore, stabilisation of D-type cyclins is observed in a wide range of disorders characterized by cellular over-proliferation, including cancers and overgrowth disorders. In this review, we will summarize and compare the roles played by each D-type cyclin during development and provide examples of how their intracellular dysregulation can be an underlying cause of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saleban
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Erica L Harris
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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6
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Wang J, Su W, Zhang T, Zhang S, Lei H, Ma F, Shi M, Shi W, Xie X, Di C. Aberrant Cyclin D1 splicing in cancer: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic modulation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:244. [PMID: 37024471 PMCID: PMC10079974 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1), a crucial mediator of cell cycle progression, possesses many mutation types with different mutation frequencies in human cancers. The G870A mutation is the most common mutation in CCND1, which produces two isoforms: full-length CCND1a and divergent C-terminal CCND1b. The dysregulation of the CCND1 isoforms is associated with multiple human cancers. Exploring the molecular mechanism of CCND1 isoforms has offer new insight for cancer treatment. On this basis, the alterations of CCND1 gene are described, including amplification, overexpression, and mutation, especially the G870A mutation. Subsequently, we review the characteristics of CCND1 isoforms caused by G870A mutation. Additionally, we summarize cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors, and the splice mutation involved in splicing regulation of CCND1. Furthermore, we highlight the function of CCND1 isoforms in cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis in cancers. Importantly, the clinical role of CCND1 isoforms is also discussed, particularly concerning prognosis, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Last, emphasis is given to the corrective strategies that modulate the cancerous CCND1 isoforms. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant isoforms of CCND1 as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Su
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huiwen Lei
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Fengdie Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Cuixia Di
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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7
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Choi Y, Pollack S. Significant Association of Estrogen Receptor-β Isoforms and Coactivators in Breast Cancer Subtypes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2533-2548. [PMID: 36975536 PMCID: PMC10047005 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coregulators are the principal regulators of Estrogen Receptor (ER)-mediated transcription. ERβ, an ER subtype first identified in 1996, is associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer (BCa) subtypes, and the coexpression of the ERβ1 isoform and AIB-1 and TIF-2 coactivators in BCa-associated myofibroblasts is associated with high-grade BCa. We aimed to identify the specific coactivators that are involved in the progression of ERβ-expressing BCa. ERβ isoforms, coactivators, and prognostic markers were tested using standard immunohistochemistry. AIB-1, TIF-2, NF-kB, p-c-Jun, and/or cyclin D1 were differentially correlated with ERβ isoform expression in the BCa subtypes and subgroups. The coexpression of the ERβ5 and/or ERβ1 isoforms and the coactivators were found to be correlated with a high expression of P53, Ki-67, and Her2/neu and large-sized and/or high-grade tumors in BCa. Our study supports the notion that ERβ isoforms and coactivators seemingly coregulate the proliferation and progression of BCa and may provide insight into the potential therapeutic uses of the coactivators in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 434 Pine Grove Lane, Hartsdale, NY 10530, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Simcha Pollack
- Department of Statistics, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11423, USA
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8
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Treeck O, Haerteis S, Ortmann O. Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Estrogen Signaling and Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061632. [PMID: 36980520 PMCID: PMC10046587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest part of human DNA is transcribed into RNA that does not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of protein-coding gene expression and have been shown to play important roles in health, disease and therapy response. Today, endocrine therapy of ERα-positive breast cancer (BC) is a successful treatment approach, but resistance to this therapy is a major clinical problem. Therefore, a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms is important to overcome this resistance. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrate that ncRNAs affect the response to endocrine therapy. Thus, ncRNAs are considered versatile biomarkers to predict or monitor therapy response. In this review article, we intend to give a summary and update on the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on estrogen signaling in BC cells, this pathway being the target of endocrine therapy, and their role in therapy resistance. For this purpose, we reviewed articles on these topics listed in the PubMed database. Finally, we provide an assessment regarding the clinical use of these ncRNA types, particularly their circulating forms, as predictive BC biomarkers and their potential role as therapy targets to overcome endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Rezaeian AH, Inuzuka H, Wei W. Insights into the aberrant CDK4/6 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 135:179-201. [PMID: 37061331 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recent findings advance our knowledge for the prevention of the premature activation of the major oncogenic pathways including MYC and the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) axis. D-type cyclins are frequently deregulated in human cancer and promote cell division in part through activation of CDK4/6. Therefore, the activation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6 axis stimulates cell proliferation and cancer progression, which represents a unique therapeutic target. However, we have shown that inhibition of CDK4/6 upregulates protein levels of RB1 and CDK6 for acquisition of drug resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here, we review new progress in the control of cyclin D-dependent cancer cell cycle and proliferation, along with identification of novel E3 ligase for the stability of cyclin D. Cullin4-RING E3 ligase (CRL4)AMBRA1 complex plays a critical role in regulating D-type cyclins through their protein destabilization to control S phase entry and maintain genomic integrity. We also summarize the strategy for inhibition of the cyclin D-associated kinases CDK4/6 and other potential cell cycle regulators for targeting cancer with altered cyclin D expression. We also uncover the function of CK1ɛ as an effective target to potentiate therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Moreover, as the level of PD-L1 is considered in the severe clinical problem in the patients treated with CDK4 inhibitors, we assume that a therapeutic combination using PD-L1 immunotherapy might lower the development of drug resistance and targeting cyclin D will likely inhibit tumor growth and overcome resistance to cyclin D-associated CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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10
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Wang B, Shen Y, Liu T, Tan L. ERα promotes transcription of tumor suppressor gene ApoA-I by establishing H3K27ac-enriched chromatin microenvironment in breast cancer cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:1034-1044. [PMID: 34904415 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Previous studies indicated a reduction of serum ApoA-I levels in various types of cancer, suggesting ApoA-I as a potential cancer biomarker. Herein, ectopically overexpressed ApoA-I in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was observed to have antitumor effects, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. Subsequent studies on the mechanism of expression regulation revealed that estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling activates ApoA-I gene transcription in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, our ChIP-seq data showed that ERα directly binds to the estrogen response element (ERE) site within the ApoA-I gene and establishes an acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac)-enriched chromatin microenvironment. Conversely, Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) treatment blocked ERα binding to ERE within the ApoA-I gene and downregulated the H3K27ac level on the ApoA-I gene. Treatment with p300 inhibitor also significantly decreased the ApoA-I messenger RNA (mRNA) level in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, the analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a positive correlation between ERα and ApoA-I expression in breast cancer tissues. Taken together, our study not only revealed the antitumor potential of ApoA-I at the cellular level, but also found that ERα promotes the transcription of ApoA-I gene through direct genomic effects, and p300 may act as a co-activator of ERα in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinghui Shen
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Tan
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Todorović-Raković N, Milovanović J, Durosaro SO, Radulovic M. The prognostic value of cyclin D1 in breast cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy: A pilot study. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153430. [PMID: 33839437 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM of the study was to determine the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 (cD1) and its association with clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 96 primary breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological parameters. In adjuvant setting, 44 patients were tamoxifen-treated and 52 were treated with ovarian irradiation/ablation. The cD1 status (gene amplified/nonamplified) was determined on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Associations between parameters were analyzed by Chi-square and Spearman's rank order correlation tests. Cox proportional hazards regression test was performed. Survival curves for relapse-free survival were constructed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS There were no significant associations between cyclin D1 and clinicopathological parameters in either patient group. Amplified cyclin D1 associated significantly with the actual relapse incidence in the ovarian ablation patient group (p = 0.01, HR = 3.1), but not in the tamoxifen-treated patient group. Estrogen receptor and cyclin D1 have proven to be independent parameters of poor outcome in the ovarian ablation patient group (p = 0.03, HR = 2.9; and p = 0.009, HR = 2.5; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cyclin D1 might be a candidate biomarker of poor outcome in breast cancer patients treated with ovarian ablation, suggesting its possible involvement in acquirement of hormonal resistance. The role of cyclin D1 as potential parameter of response to tamoxifen was not as pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Todorović-Raković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Milovanović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Samuel Olutunde Durosaro
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Marko Radulovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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12
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Saha S, Dey S, Nath S. Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620214. [PMID: 33777765 PMCID: PMC7994514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of cells through cell cycle consists of a series of events orchestrated in a regulated fashion. Such processes are influenced by cell cycle regulated expression of various proteins where multiple families of transcription factors take integral parts. Among these, the steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) represent a connection between the external hormone milieu and genes that control cellular proliferation. Therefore, understanding the molecular connection between the transcriptional role of steroid hormone receptors and cell cycle deserves importance in dissecting cellular proliferation in normal as well as malignant conditions. Deregulation of cell cycle promotes malignancies of various origins, including breast cancer. Indeed, SHR members play crucial role in breast cancer progression as well as management. This review focuses on SHR-driven cell cycle regulation and moving forward, attempts to discuss the role of SHR-driven crosstalk between cell cycle anomalies and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryendu Saha
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Samya Dey
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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13
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Costa-Guda J, Corrado K, Bellizzi J, Romano R, Saria E, Saucier K, Rose M, Shah S, Alander C, Mallya S, Arnold A. CDK4/6 Dependence of Cyclin D1-Driven Parathyroid Neoplasia in Transgenic Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5900760. [PMID: 32877917 PMCID: PMC7521127 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein product of the cyclin D1 oncogene functions by activating partner cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk)4 or cdk6 to phosphorylate, thereby inactivating, the retinoblastoma protein pRB. Nonclassical, cdk-independent, functions of cyclin D1 have been described but their role in cyclin D1-driven neoplasia, with attendant implications for recently approved cdk4/6 chemotherapeutic inhibitors, requires further examination. We investigated whether cyclin D1's role in parathyroid tumorigenesis in vivo is effected primarily through kinase-dependent or kinase-independent mechanisms. Using a mouse model of cyclin D1-driven parathyroid tumorigenesis (PTH-D1), we generated new transgenic lines harboring a mutant cyclin D1 (KE) that is unable to activate its partner kinases. While this kinase-dead KE mutant effectively drove mammary tumorigenesis in an analogous model, parathyroid-overexpressed cyclin D1 KE mice did not develop the characteristic biochemical hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid hypercellularity of PTH-D1 mice. These results strongly suggest that in parathyroid cells, cyclin D1 drives tumorigenesis predominantly through cdk-dependent mechanisms, in marked contrast with the cdk-independence of cyclin D1-driven mouse mammary cancer. These findings highlight crucial tissue-specific mechanistic differences in cyclin D1-driven tumorigenesis, suggest that parathyroid/endocrine cells may be more tumorigenically vulnerable to acquired genetic perturbations in cdk-mediated proliferative control than other tissues, and carry important considerations for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Costa-Guda
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Kristin Corrado
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Justin Bellizzi
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Robert Romano
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Saria
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Kirsten Saucier
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Madison Rose
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Samip Shah
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Cynthia Alander
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sanjay Mallya
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Andrew Arnold, MD, Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA. E-mail:
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14
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Aleksakhina SN, Kramchaninov MM, Mikushina AD, Kubrina SE, Petkau VV, Ivantsov AO, Moiseyenko VM, Imyanitov EN, Iyevleva AG. CCND1 and FGFR1 gene amplifications are associated with reduced benefit from aromatase inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:874-881. [PMID: 32880048 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine therapy is a mainstay for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (BC); however, only a fraction of patients experience a pronounced response to antagonists of estrogen signaling. There is a need to identify predictors for efficacy of this treatment. METHODS This study included 138 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic BC, who received upfront endocrine therapy. Archival biopsy specimens were tested for CCND1 and FGFR1 gene amplification and mRNA expression by PCR-based methods. RESULTS CCND1 and FGFR1 amplification was detected in 24 (17.9%) and 28 (20.9%) of 134 evaluable cases, respectively; 9 carcinomas had concurrent alterations of these two genes. Presence of amplification in at least one locus was more common in tumors of higher grade (p = 0.018) and was associated with higher Ki-67 proliferation index (p = 0.036). CCND1 gene amplification was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in patients receiving aromatase inhibitors (AI) [16.0 months vs. 32.4 months, HR = 3.16 (95% CI 1.26-7.93), p = 0.014]. FGFR1 status did not significantly affect PFS of AI-treated women; however, objective response to AI was observed less frequently in FGFR1-amplified BC as compared to cases with normal FGFR1 copy number [2/15 (13.3%) vs. 22/46 (47.8%), p = 0.031]. Meanwhile, CCND1/FGFR1 gene status did not influence the outcome of tamoxifen-treated patients. CONCLUSION Presence of CCND1 and/or FGFR1 amplification is associated with worse outcomes of AI therapy in patients with metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Aleksakhina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758
| | | | - A D Mikushina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758
| | - S E Kubrina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758
| | - V V Petkau
- Sverdlovskiy Regional Oncological Hospital, Ekatherinburg, Russia, 620036
| | - A O Ivantsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758
| | | | - E N Imyanitov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758.,Saint-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 194100.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 191015
| | - A G Iyevleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197758. .,Saint-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 194100.
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15
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Compensatory Estrogen Signal Is Capable of DNA Repair in Antiestrogen-Responsive Cancer Cells via Activating Mutations. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:5418365. [PMID: 32774370 PMCID: PMC7407016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5418365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are embarrassed human cells exhibiting the remnants of same mechanisms for DNA stabilization like patients have in their healthy cells. Antiestrogens target the liganded activation of ERs, which is the principal means of genomic regulation in both patients and their tumors. The artificial blockade of liganded ER activation is an emergency situation promoting strong compensatory actions even in cancer cells. When tumor cells are capable of an appropriate upregulation of ER signaling resulting in DNA repair, a tumor response may be detected. In contrast, when ER signaling is completely inhibited, tumor cells show unrestrained proliferation, and tumor growth may be observed. The laboratory investigations of genomic mechanisms in antiestrogen-responsive and antiestrogen-unresponsive tumor cells have considerably enhanced our knowledge regarding the principal regulatory capacity of estrogen signaling. In antiestrogen-responsive tumor cells, a compensatory increased expression and liganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) result in an apoptotic death. Conversely, in antiestrogen resistant tumors exhibiting a complete blockade of liganded ER activation, a compensatory effort for unliganded ER activation is characteristic, conferred by the increased expression and activity of growth factor receptors. However, even extreme unliganded ER activation is incapable of DNA restoration when the liganded ER activation is completely blocked. Researchers mistakenly suspect even today that in tumors growing under antiestrogen treatment, the increased unliganded activation of estrogen receptor via activating mutations is an aggressive survival technique, whilst it is a compensatory effort against the blockade of liganded ER activation. The capacity of liganded ERs for genome modification in emergency states provides possibilities for estrogen/ER use in medical practice including cancer cure.
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16
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Cloutier P, Poitras C, Faubert D, Bouchard A, Blanchette M, Gauthier MS, Coulombe B. Upstream ORF-Encoded ASDURF Is a Novel Prefoldin-like Subunit of the PAQosome. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:18-27. [PMID: 31738558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The PAQosome is an 11-subunit chaperone involved in the biogenesis of several human protein complexes. We show that ASDURF, a recently discovered upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5' UTR of ASNSD1 mRNA, encodes the 12th subunit of the PAQosome. ASDURF displays significant structural homology to β-prefoldins and assembles with the five known subunits of the prefoldin-like module of the PAQosome to form a heterohexameric prefoldin-like complex. A model of the PAQosome prefoldin-like module is presented. The data presented here provide an example of a eukaryotic uORF-encoded polypeptide whose function is not limited to cis-acting translational regulation of downstream coding sequence and highlights the importance of including alternative ORF products in proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Cloutier
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Christian Poitras
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Annie Bouchard
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Mathieu Blanchette
- School of Computer Science , McGill University , 3480 University Street , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0E9 , Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest , Montréal , Quebec H2W 1R7 , Canada.,Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine , Université de Montréal , 2900 Boulevard Édouart-Montpetit , Montréal , Quebec H3T 1J4 , Canada
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17
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Militello AM, Zielli T, Boggiani D, Michiara M, Naldi N, Bortesi B, Zanelli P, Uliana V, Giuliotti S, Musolino A. Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in BRCA-Mutated, Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2019; 9:759. [PMID: 31456944 PMCID: PMC6700293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to endocrine therapy of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutations is not yet fully elucidated. Furthermore, the registration trials of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy lacked of a pre-specified subgroup analysis in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We report clinical history of two patients with BRCA-mutated, ER-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with letrozole plus the CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Biological and clinical implications of the treatment outcome observed in the two cases are discussed with the knowledge of scientific evidence to date available. Overall, biological rationale, preclinical, and clinical data support the prominent role of CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy, even in combination with PARP inhibitors, in the treatment of BRCA-mutated, ER-positive breast cancers. However, the interaction between Cyclin/CDK pathway, ER and BRCA is complex and evidences reported so far, albeit reliable, await confirmation in the context of future randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Militello
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Teresa Zielli
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Boggiani
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Michiara
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Naldi
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bortesi
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Zanelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Giuliotti
- Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonino Musolino
- Breast Unit and Cancer Genetics Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica (GOIRC), Parma, Italy
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18
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Mazaira GI, Zgajnar NR, Lotufo CM, Daneri-Becerra C, Sivils JC, Soto OB, Cox MB, Galigniana MD. Nuclear Receptors: A Historical Perspective. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1966:1-5. [PMID: 31041734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9195-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we summarize the birth of the field of nuclear receptors. These receptors exhibit a multitude of roles in cell biology and hence have attracted a great deal of interest in the drug discovery field. It is not certain whether these receptors evolved independently or an ancestral protein acquired various functions upon binding to preexisting small molecules, ligands. Currently, members of this receptor superfamily are categorized in six groups, including "orphan receptors." Research in the area has resulted in several clinically used drugs and continues to reveal further previously unknown roles for these receptors paving the road toward more valuable discoveries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M Lotufo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jeffrey C Sivils
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Olga B Soto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Marc B Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Li Z, Jiao X, Di Sante G, Ertel A, Casimiro MC, Wang M, Katiyar S, Ju X, Klopfenstein DV, Tozeren A, Dampier W, Chepelev I, Jeltsch A, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1 integrates G9a-mediated histone methylation. Oncogene 2019; 38:4232-4249. [PMID: 30718920 PMCID: PMC6542714 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methylation of histones and non-histone substrates by the SET domain containing protein lysine methyltransferase (KMT) G9a/EHMT2 governs transcription contributing to apoptosis, aberrant cell growth, and pluripotency. The positioning of chromosomes within the nuclear three-dimensional space involves interactions between nuclear lamina (NL) and the lamina-associated domains (LAD). Contact of individual LADs with the NL are dependent upon H3K9me2 introduced by G9a. The mechanisms governing the recruitment of G9a to distinct subcellular sites, into chromatin or to LAD, is not known. The cyclin D1 gene product encodes the regulatory subunit of the holoenzyme that phosphorylates pRB and NRF1 thereby governing cell-cycle progression and mitochondrial metabolism. Herein, we show that cyclin D1 enhanced H3K9 dimethylation though direct association with G9a. Endogenous cyclin D1 was required for the recruitment of G9a to target genes in chromatin, for G9a-induced H3K9me2 of histones, and for NL-LAD interaction. The finding that cyclin D1 is required for recruitment of G9a to target genes in chromatin and for H3K9 dimethylation, identifies a novel mechanism coordinating protein methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Sanjay Katiyar
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Xiaoming Ju
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - D V Klopfenstein
- Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aydin Tozeren
- Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Dampier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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20
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Kumar MB, Perdew GH. Nuclear receptor coactivator SRC-1 interacts with the Q-rich subdomain of the AhR and modulates its transactivation potential. Gene Expr 2018; 8:273-86. [PMID: 10947077 PMCID: PMC6157383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a soluble cytosolic protein, mediates many of the toxic effects of TCDD and related chemicals. The toxic effects are largely cell, tissue, and promoter context dependent. Although many details of the overall dioxin signal transduction have been elucidated, the transcriptional regulation of dioxin-induced genes like cyp1A1 is not yet completely understood. Previously, we have shown that the co-regulator RIP140 is a potential AhR coactivator. In this report, the role of coactivator, SRC-1, in AhR-mediated transcriptional regulation was examined. SRC-1 increased AhR-mediated, TCDD-dependent reporter gene activity three-fold in Hepa-1 and COS-1 cells. In in vitro interaction assays, SRC-1 was found to interact with AhR but not with ARNT. SRC-1 interacted weakly with AhR in the absence of TCDD and the addition of ligand further increased SRC-1 binding to AhR. Deletional mapping studies of the AhR revealed that SRC-1 binds to the AhR transactivation domain. Finer mapping of the SRC-1-interacting subdomains in the AhR transactivation domain suggested that the Q-rich subdomain was necessary and sufficient for interaction, similar to that seen with RIP140. Using GFP-tagged constructs, SRC-1 was shown to interact with AhR in cells. Unlike RIP140, LXXLL motifs in SRC-1 were necessary for interaction with AhR in vitro and for coactivation in Hepa-1 cells. The recruitment of certain coactivators by a variety of receptors suggests possible common coactivator pools and competition among receptors for limiting coactivators. Examination of the role of SRC-1 in AhR/ARNT transactivation in ARNT-deficient mutant Hepa-1 c4 cells demonstrates that the AhR transactivation domain is sufficient for enhanced coactivation mediated by SRC-1 in the presence of a transactivation domain deleted ARNT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan B. Kumar
- *Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- *Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- †Center for Molecular Toxicology and the Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Address correspondence to Gary H. Perdew, Department of Veterinary Science, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802. Tel: (814) 865-0400; (814) 863-6140; E-mail:
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21
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Control of CCND1 ubiquitylation by the catalytic SAGA subunit USP22 is essential for cell cycle progression through G1 in cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9298-E9307. [PMID: 30224477 PMCID: PMC6176615 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807704115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is a marker of aggressive cancer phenotypes like metastasis, therapy resistance, and poor survival. Functionally, this overexpression of USP22 actively contributes to tumorigenesis, as USP22 depletion blocks cancer cell cycle progression in vitro, and inhibits tumor progression in animal models of lung, breast, bladder, ovarian, and liver cancer, among others. Current models suggest that USP22 mediates these biological effects via its role in epigenetic regulation as a subunit of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional cofactor complex. Challenging the dogma, we report here a nontranscriptional role for USP22 via a direct effect on the core cell cycle machinery: that is, the deubiquitylation of the G1 cyclin D1 (CCND1). Deubiquitylation by USP22 protects CCND1 from proteasome-mediated degradation and occurs separately from the canonical phosphorylation/ubiquitylation mechanism previously shown to regulate CCND1 stability. We demonstrate that control of CCND1 is a key mechanism by which USP22 mediates its known role in cell cycle progression. Finally, USP22 and CCND1 levels correlate in patient lung and colorectal cancer samples and our preclinical studies indicate that targeting USP22 in combination with CDK inhibitors may offer an approach for treating cancer patients whose tumors exhibit elevated CCND1.
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22
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Mazaira GI, Zgajnar NR, Lotufo CM, Daneri-Becerra C, Sivils JC, Soto OB, Cox MB, Galigniana MD. The Nuclear Receptor Field: A Historical Overview and Future Challenges. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2018; 5:101320. [PMID: 30148160 PMCID: PMC6108593 DOI: 10.11131/2018/101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we summarize the birth of the field of nuclear receptors, the discovery of untransformed and transformed isoforms of ligand-binding macromolecules, the discovery of the three-domain structure of the receptors, and the properties of the Hsp90-based heterocomplex responsible for the overall structure of the oligomeric receptor and many aspects of the biological effects. The discovery and properties of the subfamily of receptors called orphan receptors is also outlined. Novel molecular aspects of the mechanism of action of nuclear receptors and challenges to resolve in the near future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I. Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Nadia R. Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- CONICET. Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Cecilia M. Lotufo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- CONICET. Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Sivils
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Olga B. Soto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Marc B. Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mario D. Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- CONICET. Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
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23
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Beelen K, Opdam M, Severson T, Koornstra R, Vincent A, Wesseling J, Sanders J, Vermorken J, van Diest P, Linn S. Mitotic count can predict tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal breast cancer patients while Ki67 score cannot. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:761. [PMID: 30041599 PMCID: PMC6057037 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy exists for the use of Ki67 protein expression as a predictive marker to select patients who do or do not derive benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. Whether other proliferation markers, like Cyclin D1, and mitotic count can also be used to identify those estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer patients that derive benefit from tamoxifen is not well established. We tested the predictive value of these markers for tamoxifen benefit in ERα positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods We collected primary tumor blocks from 563 ERα positive patients who had been randomized between tamoxifen (1 to 3 years) vs. no adjuvant therapy (IKA trial) with a median follow-up of 7.8 years. Mitotic count, Ki67 and Cyclin D1 protein expression were centrally assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. In addition, we tested the predictive value of CCND1 gene copy number variation using MLPA technology. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models including interaction between marker and treatment were used to test the predictive value of these markers. Results Patients with high Ki67 (≥5%) as well as low (< 5%) expressing tumors equally benefitted from adjuvant tamoxifen (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.5 for both groups)(p for interaction 0.97). We did not observe a significant interaction between either Cyclin D1 or Ki67 and tamoxifen, indicating that the relative benefit from tamoxifen was not dependent on the level of these markers. Patients with tumors with low mitotic count derived substantial benefit from tamoxifen (adjusted HR 0.24, p < 0.0001), while patients with tumors with high mitotic count derived no significant benefit (adjusted HR 0.64, p = 0.14) (p for interaction 0.03). Conclusion Postmenopausal breast cancer patients with high Ki67 counts do significantly benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen, while those with high mitotic count do not. Mitotic count is a better selection marker for reduced tamoxifen benefit than Ki67. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4516-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Beelen
- Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa Severson
- Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Koornstra
- Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Vincent
- Departments of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Vermorken
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Linn
- Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schedin TB, Borges VF, Shagisultanova E. Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance of Triple Positive Breast Cancer with CDK4/6 Inhibition. Int J Breast Cancer 2018; 2018:7835095. [PMID: 30018827 PMCID: PMC6029445 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7835095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple positive breast cancers overexpress both the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene and the hormonal receptors (HR) to estrogen and progesterone. These cancers represent a unique therapeutic challenge because of a bidirectional cross-talk between the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and HER2 pathways leading to tumor progression and resistance to targeted therapy. Attempts to combine standard of care HER2-targeted drugs with antihormonal agents for the treatment of HR+/HER2+ breast cancer yielded encouraging results in preclinical experiments but did improve overall survival in clinical trial. In this review, we dissect multiple mechanisms of therapeutic resistance typical of HR+/HER2+ breast cancer, summarize prior clinical trials of targeted agents, and describe novel rational drug combinations that include antihormonal agents, HER2-targeted drugs, and CDK4/6 inhibitors for treatment of the HR+/HER2+ breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy B. Schedin
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Virginia F. Borges
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elena Shagisultanova
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Zamir-Nasta T, Razi M, Shapour H, Malekinejad H. Roles of p21, p53, cyclin D1, CDK-4, estrogen receptor α in aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity in testicular tissue of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:385-395. [PMID: 29274131 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was done in order to investigate time-dependent effect of AFB1 on expression of genes involving in cell cycle check point machinery at G, S, and M phases. For this purpose, 24 mature male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into control and test groups. The animals in test group subdivided into three groups, which received the AFB1 at a daily dose of 20 µg/kg body weight, through intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, for 7, 14, and 21 days. The p21, p53, cyclin D1, CDK4, and ERα expressions at both mRNA and protein level were analyzed by using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Moreover, the tubular differentiation (TDI) and spermiogenesis (SPI) indices were analyzed. Finally, the testicular DNA fragmentation was assessed by using DNA Ladder test. Observations revealed that the AFB1 remarkably (P < .05) reduced cyclin D1, Cdk4, and ERα expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Up-regulated p21 and p53 expression was revealed in AFB1-received animals, which developed time dependently. Histological examinations exhibited a significant reduction in TDI and SPI indices. Finally, the AFB1 resulted in severe DNA fragmentation. Our data showed that the AFB1 by down-regulating the cyclin D1, Cdk4, and ERα expression adversely affects cyclin D1/Cdk4 and cyclin D1/ERα interactions. Moreover, the AFB1-induced overexpression of p21 (as a kinase inhibitor), in turn results in cell cycle arrest via inhibiting the Cdk4 interaction with cyclin D1. Finally, the AFB1-induced DNA damage triggers the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway independent to p21 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toraj Zamir-Nasta
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasanzadeh Shapour
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Spyratos F, Andrieu C, Vidaud D, Briffod M, Vidaud M, Lidereau R, Bièche I. CCND1 mRNA Overexpression is Highly Related to Estrogen Receptor Positivity but not to Proliferative Markers in Primary Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080001500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of CCND1 alterations in sporadic breast cancer we investigated the possible link between CCND1 mRNA levels versus estrogen-receptor (ER) status and a proliferation marker, S-phase fraction (SPF), measured by flow cytometry. CCND1 expression was quantified by means of real-time quantitative RT-PCR in a well-characterized series of 33 primary breast cancer patients. Eighteen tumors (54.5%) showed CCND1 overexpression ranging from 3.3 to 29.5 times the level observed in normal breast tissue. Seventeen (94.4%) of the 18 cases with CCND1 overexpression were ER-positive compared to seven (46.7%) of the 15 cases with normal CCND1 expression (p=0.0074). CCND1 overexpression was independent of SPF and DNA-ploidy status. These data suggest that the CCND1 gene does not act as an oncogene responsible for more rapid cell proliferation in breast cancer, but could be involved in the regulation of hormone sensitivity associated with ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Spyratos
- Département d'Anatomo-cytopathologie Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - C. Andrieu
- Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - D. Vidaud
- Département d'Anatomo-cytopathologie Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - M. Briffod
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - M. Vidaud
- Département d'Anatomo-cytopathologie Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - R. Lidereau
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
| | - I. Bièche
- Département d'Anatomo-cytopathologie Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris - France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire
- Centre René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud
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Gion M. Prognostic and Predictive Molecular Markers: Are We Ready for their Clinical Use? The Opinion of a Clinical Biochemist. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gion
- Regional Centre for the Study of Biological Markers of Malignancy, General Regional Hospital, Azienda ULSS 12, Venice - Italy
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Tago K, Ohta S, Kashiwada M, Funakoshi-Tago M, Matsugi J, Tominaga SI, Yanagisawa K. ST2 gene products critically contribute to cellular transformation caused by an oncogenic Ras mutant. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00436. [PMID: 29226265 PMCID: PMC5714553 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ST2 gene was originally identified as a primary responsive gene, and the expressions of its gene products are induced by stimulation with growth factors and by oncogenic stresses. In this study, we observed that oncogenic Ras mutant induced the expression of ST2 and ST2L proteins. Interestingly, the enforced expression of ST2 gene products in NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts remarkably enhanced Ras (G12V)-induced cellular transformation. Furthermore, when the expression of ST2 gene products was silenced by RNA-interference technique, Ras (G12V)-induced cellular transformation was drastically suppressed. According to these observations, it was indicated that the oncogenic Ras-induced expression of ST2 gene products is required for the acceleration of cellular transformation, and this seems to be independent of the stimulation with IL-33, a ligand for ST2/ST2L. Interestingly, knockdown of ST2 gene products caused a reduction in Rb phosphorylation in transformed murine fibroblasts, suggesting the functional involvement of ST2 gene products in cell cycle progression during cellular transformation. Our current study strongly suggests the importance of ST2 gene products in cellular transformation, and the presence of novel mechanism how ST2 gene products affect the cellular transformation and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohta
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masaki Kashiwada
- Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of hygienic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Jitsuhiro Matsugi
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tominaga
- Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ken Yanagisawa
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Núñez KG, Gonzalez-Rosario J, Thevenot PT, Cohen AJ. Cyclin D1 in the Liver: Role of Noncanonical Signaling in Liver Steatosis and Hormone Regulation. Ochsner J 2017; 17:56-65. [PMID: 28331449 PMCID: PMC5349637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1 is an important protein for cell cycle progression; however, functions independent of the cell cycle have been described in the liver. Cyclin D1 is also involved in DNA repair, is overexpressed in many cancers, and functions as a proto-oncogene. The lesser-known roles of Cyclin D1, specifically in hepatocytes, impact liver steatosis and hormone regulation in the liver. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords Cyclin D1, steatosis, lipogenesis, and liver transplantation. In this article, we review the results from this literature search, with a focus on the role of Cyclin D1 in hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, as well as the impact and function of this protein in hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Cyclin D1 represses carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and results in a decrease in transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC). Cyclin D1 also inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) which is involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Cyclin D1 inhibits both hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) and represses transcription of lipogenic genes FAS and liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr), along with the gluconeogenic genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). CONCLUSION Cyclin D1 represses multiple proteins involved in both lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Targeting Cyclin D1 to decrease hepatic steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic fatty liver disease may help improve patient health and the quality of the donor liver pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley G. Núñez
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Paul T. Thevenot
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ari J. Cohen
- Multi-Organ Transplant Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
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Qie S, Diehl JA. Cyclin D1, cancer progression, and opportunities in cancer treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1313-1326. [PMID: 27695879 PMCID: PMC5145738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells encode three D cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) that coordinately function as allosteric regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 to regulate cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Cyclin expression, accumulation, and degradation, as well as assembly and activation of CDK4/CDK6 are governed by growth factor stimulation. Cyclin D1 is more frequently dysregulated than cyclin D2 or D3 in human cancers, and as such, it has been more extensively characterized. Overexpression of cyclin D1 results in dysregulated CDK activity, rapid cell growth under conditions of restricted mitogenic signaling, bypass of key cellular checkpoints, and ultimately, neoplastic growth. This review discusses cyclin D1 transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulations and its biological function with a particular focus on the mechanisms that result in its dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Kinase-independent role of cyclin D1 in chromosomal instability and mammary tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8525-38. [PMID: 25940700 PMCID: PMC4496164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an important molecular driver of human breast cancer but better understanding of its oncogenic mechanisms is needed, especially to enhance efforts in targeted therapeutics. Currently, pharmaceutical initiatives to inhibit cyclin D1 are focused on the catalytic component since the transforming capacity is thought to reside in the cyclin D1/CDK activity. We initiated the following study to directly test the oncogenic potential of catalytically inactive cyclin D1 in an in vivo mouse model that is relevant to breast cancer. Herein, transduction of cyclin D1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with the kinase dead KE mutant of cyclin D1 led to aneuploidy, abnormalities in mitotic spindle formation, autosome amplification, and chromosomal instability (CIN) by gene expression profiling. Acute transgenic expression of either cyclin D1WT or cyclin D1KE in the mammary gland was sufficient to induce a high CIN score within 7 days. Sustained expression of cyclin D1KE induced mammary adenocarcinoma with similar kinetics to that of the wild-type cyclin D1. ChIP-Seq studies demonstrated recruitment of cyclin D1WT and cyclin D1KE to the genes governing CIN. We conclude that the CDK-activating function of cyclin D1 is not necessary to induce either chromosomal instability or mammary tumorigenesis.
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Cheraghi S, Razi M, Malekinejad H. Involvement of cyclin D1 and E2f1 in zearalenone-induced DNA damage in testis of rats. Toxicon 2015; 106:108-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (Cdk4/6) to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins, relieving E2F/DPs from the negative restraint of RB proteins and histone deacetylases. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes activate cyclin E/Cdk2 through titration of the Cdk inhibitors p21Cip1/p27Kip1. Cyclin E/Cdk2 further phosphorylates RBs, thereby activating E2F/DPs, and cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 also phosphorylates MEP50 subunit of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which cooperates with cyclin D1 to drive lymphomagenesis in vivo. Activated PRMPT5 causes arginine methylation of p53 to suppress expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative target genes, explaining the molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1 physically interacts with transcription factors such as estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and Myb family proteins to regulate gene expression in Cdk-independent fashion. Dmp1 is a Myb-like protein that quenches the oncogenic signals from activated Ras or HER2 by inducing Arf/p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Cyclin D1 binds to Dmp1α to activate both Arf and Ink4a promoters to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in non-transformed cells to prevent them from neoplastic transformation. Dmp1-deficiency significantly accelerates mouse mammary tumorigenesis with reduced apoptosis and increased metastasis. Cyclin D1 interferes with ligand activation of PPARγ involved in cellular differentiation; it also physically interacts with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and p300 to repress gene expression. It has also been shown that cyclin D1 accelerates tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation of miR-17/20 and Dicer1 which, in turn, represses cyclin D1 expression. Identification of cyclin D1-binding proteins/promoters will be essential for further clarification of its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Ratna WN, Bhatt VD, Chaudhary K, Bin Ariff A, Bavadekar SA, Ratna HN. Estrogen-responsive genes encoding egg yolk proteins vitellogenin and apolipoprotein II in chicken are differentially regulated by selective estrogen receptor modulators. Theriogenology 2015; 85:376-83. [PMID: 26452509 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In a hen, large quantities of the egg yolk proteins, apolipoprotein II (apo-II) and vitellogenin (VG), are expressed in the liver and transported to the oviduct during egg production. Estrogenic stimulation of the hepatic expression of apo-II and VG is due to both transcriptional increase and mRNA stabilization. The nucleolytic degradation of apo-II messenger RNA (mRNA) is prevented by estrogen-regulated mRNA-stabilizing factor (E-RmRNASF). Gene-specific effects of a select panel of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the hepatic expression of the estrogen-responsive genes encoding apo-II, VG, and E-RmRNASF in the chicken liver were investigated. In the present study, 6-week-old roosters were treated with the vehicle, estrogen, the SERMs genistein, resveratrol, tamoxifen, pterostilbene, raloxifene, catechin, and clomiphene or a combination of estrogen and a 200-fold excess of each of the SERMs. Results from mRNA stabilization studies conducted to investigate the stimulation of expression of E-RmRNASF in the liver by these agents showed that the expression of E-RmRNASF in the liver was stimulated by estrogen and the SERMs genistein, resveratrol, tamoxifen, pterostilbene, and catechin but not by the vehicle, clomiphene or raloxifene. The expression of apo-II and VG from the aforementioned treatments was determined by Northern blot analysis, RNase protection assays, and Western blot analysis. The transcription and protein expression of both apo-II and VG genes were seen in response to treatment with estrogen but not with the SERMs or combinations of estrogen and each of the SERMs. The SERMs that stimulated the expression of E-RmRNASF antagonized the stimulation of the expression of both apo-II and VG by estrogen, demonstrating a gene-specific, selective regulation of the aforementioned genes in the chicken liver by the SERMs. The above panel of SERMs may likely have adverse effects on egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren N Ratna
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - Vrushank D Bhatt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Kawshik Chaudhary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ammar Bin Ariff
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Supriya A Bavadekar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Haran N Ratna
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Wysokinski D, Blasiak J, Pawlowska E. Role of RUNX2 in Breast Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20969-93. [PMID: 26404249 PMCID: PMC4613236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor playing the major role in osteogenesis, but it can be involved in DNA damage response, which is crucial for cancer transformation. RUNX2 can interact with cell cycle regulators: cyclin-dependent kinases, pRB and p21Cip1 proteins, as well as the master regulator of the cell cycle, the p53 tumor suppressor. RUNX2 is involved in many signaling pathways, including those important for estrogen signaling, which, in turn, are significant for breast carcinogenesis. RUNX2 can promote breast cancer development through Wnt and Tgfβ signaling pathways, especially in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cases. ERα interacts directly with RUNX2 and regulates its activity. Moreover, the ERα gene has a RUNX2 binding site within its promoter. RUNX2 stimulates the expression of aromatase, an estrogen producing enzyme, increasing the level of estrogens, which in turn stimulate cell proliferation and replication errors, which can be turned into carcinogenic mutations. Exploring the role of RUNX2 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer can lead to revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wysokinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Cizeron-Clairac G, Lallemand F, Vacher S, Lidereau R, Bieche I, Callens C. MiR-190b, the highest up-regulated miRNA in ERα-positive compared to ERα-negative breast tumors, a new biomarker in breast cancers? BMC Cancer 2015; 15:499. [PMID: 26141719 PMCID: PMC4491222 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show differential expression across breast cancer subtypes and have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles. Numerous microarray studies reported different expression patterns of miRNAs in breast cancers and found clinical interest for several miRNAs but often with contradictory results. Aim of this study is to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed in estrogen receptor positive (ER(+)) and negative (ER(-)) breast primary tumors to better understand the molecular basis for the phenotypic differences between these two sub-types of carcinomas and to find potential clinically relevant miRNAs. METHODS We used the robust and reproductive tool of quantitative RT-PCR in a large cohort of well-annotated 153 breast cancers with long-term follow-up to identify miRNAs specifically differentially expressed between ER(+) and ER(-) breast cancers. Cytotoxicity tests and transfection experiments were then used to examine the role and the regulation mechanisms of selected miRNAs. RESULTS We identified a robust collection of 20 miRNAs significantly deregulated in ER(+) compared to ER(-) breast cancers : 12 up-regulated and eight down-regulated miRNAs. MiR-190b retained our attention as it was the miRNA the most strongly over-expressed in ER(+) compared to ER(-) with a fold change upper to 23. It was also significantly up-regulated in ER(+)/Normal breast tissue and down-regulated in ER(-)/Normal breast tissue. Functional experiments showed that miR-190b expression is not directly regulated by estradiol and that miR-190b does not affect breast cancer cell lines proliferation. Expression level of miR-190b impacts metastasis-free and event-free survival independently of ER status. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals miR-190b as the highest up-regulated miRNA in hormone-dependent breast cancers. Due to its specificity and high expression level, miR-190b could therefore represent a new biomarker in hormone-dependent breast cancers but its exact role carcinogenesis remains to elucidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Cizeron-Clairac
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - François Lallemand
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Rosette Lidereau
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Celine Callens
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
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Bennesch MA, Picard D. Minireview: Tipping the balance: ligand-independent activation of steroid receptors. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:349-63. [PMID: 25625619 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptors are prototypical ligand-dependent transcription factors and a textbook example for allosteric regulation. According to this canonical model, binding of cognate steroid is an absolute requirement for transcriptional activation. Remarkably, the simple one ligand-one receptor model could not be farther from the truth. Steroid receptors, notably the sex steroid receptors, can receive multiple inputs. Activation of steroid receptors by other signals, working through their own signaling pathways, in the absence of the cognate steroids, represents the most extreme form of signaling cross talk. Compared with cognate steroids, ligand-independent activation pathways produce similar but not identical outputs. Here we review the phenomena and discuss what is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and the biological significance. We hypothesize that steroid receptors may have evolved to be trigger happy. In addition to their cognate steroids, many posttranslational modifications and interactors, modulated by other signals, may be able to tip the balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Bennesch
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Verbeke S, Richard E, Monceau E, Schmidt X, Rousseau B, Velasco V, Bernard D, Bonnefoi H, MacGrogan G, Iggo RD. Humanization of the mouse mammary gland by replacement of the luminal layer with genetically engineered preneoplastic human cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:504. [PMID: 25527189 PMCID: PMC4407301 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cell of origin for estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer is
probably a luminal stem cell in the terminal duct lobular units. To model these
cells we have used the murine myoepithelial layer in the mouse mammary ducts as a
scaffold upon which to build a human luminal layer. To prevent squamous
metaplasia, a common artifact in genetically engineered breast cancer models, we
sought to limit activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during
in vitro cell culture before grafting the
cells. Methods Human reduction mammoplasty cells were grown in
vitro in WIT medium. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the medium was
replaced with amphiregulin and neuregulin to decrease activation of EGFR and
increase activation of EGFR homologs 3 and 4 (ERBB3 and ERBB4). Lentiviral vectors
were used to express oncogenic transgenes and fluorescent proteins. Human mammary
epithelial cells were mixed with irradiated mouse fibroblasts and matrigel, then
injected through the nipple into the mammary ducts of immunodeficient mice.
Engrafted cells were visualized by stereomicroscopy for fluorescent proteins and
characterized by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results Growth of normal mammary epithelial cells in conditions favoring ERBB3/4
signaling prevented squamous metaplasia in
vitro. Normal human cells were quickly lost after intraductal
injection but cells infected with lentiviruses expressing CCND1, MYC, TERT, BMI1 and a
short hairpin RNA targeting TP53 were able to
engraft and progressively replace the luminal layer in the mouse mammary ducts,
resulting in the formation of an extensive network of humanized ducts. Despite
expressing multiple oncogenes, the human cells formed a morphologically normal
luminal layer. Expression of a single additional oncogene, PIK3CA-H1047R, converted the
cells into invasive cancer cells. The resulting tumors were ERα+, Ki67+ luminal B
adenocarcinomas that were resistant to treatment with fulvestrant. Conclusions Injection of preneoplastic human mammary epithelial cells into the mammary
ducts of immunodeficient mice leads to replacement of the murine luminal layer
with morphologically normal human cells. Genetic manipulation of the injected
cells makes it possible to study defined steps in the transformation of human
mammary epithelial cells in a more physiological environment than has hitherto
been possible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0504-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Verbeke
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Elodie Richard
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Elodie Monceau
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Xenia Schmidt
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Animalerie A2, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Valerie Velasco
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Pathology Department, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - David Bernard
- INSERM U1052, Centre Leon Berard, University of Lyon, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Herve Bonnefoi
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
| | - Gaetan MacGrogan
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Pathology Department, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Richard D Iggo
- INSERM U916, Bergonié Cancer Institute, University of Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
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Bhalla K, Liu WJ, Thompson K, Anders L, Devarakonda S, Dewi R, Buckley S, Hwang BJ, Polster B, Dorsey SG, Sun Y, Sicinski P, Girnun GD. Cyclin D1 represses gluconeogenesis via inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α. Diabetes 2014; 63:3266-78. [PMID: 24947365 PMCID: PMC4392904 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial to maintain normal blood glucose during periods of nutrient deprivation. Gluconeogenesis is controlled at multiple levels by a variety of signal transduction and transcriptional pathways. However, dysregulation of these pathways leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. While the effects of various signaling pathways on gluconeogenesis are well established, the downstream signaling events repressing gluconeogenic gene expression are not as well understood. The cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 is expressed in the liver, despite the liver being a quiescent tissue. The most well-studied function of cyclin D1 is activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), promoting progression of the cell cycle. We show here a novel role for cyclin D1 as a regulator of gluconeogenic and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) gene expression. In mice, fasting decreases liver cyclin D1 expression, while refeeding induces cyclin D1 expression. Inhibition of CDK4 enhances the gluconeogenic gene expression, whereas cyclin D1-mediated activation of CDK4 represses the gluconeogenic gene-expression program in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we show that cyclin D1 represses gluconeogenesis and OxPhos in part via inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) activity in a CDK4-dependent manner. Indeed, we demonstrate that PGC1α is novel cyclin D1/CDK4 substrate. These studies reveal a novel role for cyclin D1 on metabolism via PGC1α and reveal a potential link between cell-cycle regulation and metabolic control of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhalla
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wan-Ju Liu
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keyata Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Ruby Dewi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephanie Buckley
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bor-Jang Hwang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan G Dorsey
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yezhou Sun
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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Manavathi B, Samanthapudi VSK, Gajulapalli VNR. Estrogen receptor coregulators and pioneer factors: the orchestrators of mammary gland cell fate and development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:34. [PMID: 25364741 PMCID: PMC4207046 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), plays critical role in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and is essential for reproduction and mammary gland development. E2 actions are mediated by two classical nuclear hormone receptors, estrogen receptor α and β (ERs). The activity of ERs depends on the coordinated activity of ligand binding, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and importantly the interaction with their partner proteins called “coregulators.” Because coregulators are proved to be crucial for ER transcriptional activity, and majority of breast cancers are ERα positive, an increased interest in the field has led to the identification of a large number of coregulators. In the last decade, gene knockout studies using mouse models provided impetus to our further understanding of the role of these coregulators in mammary gland development. Several coregulators appear to be critical for terminal end bud (TEB) formation, ductal branching and alveologenesis during mammary gland development. The emerging studies support that, coregulators along with the other ER partner proteins called “pioneer factors” together contribute significantly to E2 signaling and mammary cell fate. This review discusses emerging themes in coregulator and pioneer factor mediated action on ER functions, in particular their role in mammary gland cell fate and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
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41
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Modulated expression of genes encoding estrogen metabolizing enzymes by G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases 6 and 4 in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97448. [PMID: 24848372 PMCID: PMC4029737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G1-phase cell cycle defects, such as alterations in cyclin D1 or cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) levels, are seen in most tumors. For example, increased cyclin D1 and decreased cdk6 levels are seen in many human breast tumors. Overexpression of cdk6 in breast tumor cells in culture has been shown to suppress proliferation, unlike the growth stimulating effects of its close homolog, cdk4. In addition to directly affecting proliferation, alterations in cdk6 or cdk4 levels in breast tumor cells also differentially influence levels of numerous steroid metabolic enzymes (SMEs), including those involved in estrogen metabolism. Overexpression of cdk6 in tumor cell lines having low cdk6 resulted in decreased levels of mRNAs encoding aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, which are hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) involved in steroid hormone metabolism. In contrast, increasing cdk4 dramatically increased these transcript levels, especially those encoding AKR1C3, an enzyme that converts estrone to 17β-estradiol, a change that could result in a pro-estrogenic state favoring tumor growth. Effects on other estrogen metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 aromatase, 17β-HSD2, and CYP1B1 transcripts, were also observed. Interactions of cdk6 and cdk4, but not cyclin D1, with the promoter region of a cdk-regulated gene, 17β-HSD2, were detected. The results uncover a previously unsuspected link between the cell cycle and hormone metabolism and differential roles for cdk6 and cdk4 in a novel mechanism for pre-receptor control of steroid hormone action, with important implications for the origin and treatment of steroid hormone-dependent cancers.
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42
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Li Z, Chen K, Jiao X, Wang C, Willmarth NE, Casimiro MC, Li W, Ju X, Kim SH, Lisanti MP, Katzenellenbogen JA, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1 integrates estrogen-mediated DNA damage repair signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3959-70. [PMID: 24830723 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin D1 gene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenyzme that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1) proteins. The abundance of cyclin D1 determines estrogen-dependent gene expression in the mammary gland of mice. Using estradiol (E2) and an E2-dendrimer conjugate that is excluded from the nucleus, we demonstrate that E2 delays the DNA damage response (DDR) via an extranuclear mechanism. The E2-induced DDR required extranuclear cyclin D1, which bound ERα at the cytoplasmic membrane and augmented AKT phosphorylation (Ser473) and γH2AX foci formation. In the nucleus, E2 inhibited, whereas cyclin D1 enhanced homology-directed DNA repair. Cyclin D1 was recruited to γH2AX foci by E2 and induced Rad51 expression. Cyclin D1 governs an essential role in the E2-dependent DNA damage response via a novel extranuclear function. The dissociable cytoplasmic function to delay the E2-mediated DDR together with the nuclear enhancement of DNA repair uncovers a novel extranuclear function of cyclin D1 that may contribute to the role of E2 in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Ke Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Nicole E Willmarth
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Weihua Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Xiaoming Ju
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Sun Y, Chung HH, Woo ARE, Lin VCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 enhances ligand-dependent and -independent activity of estrogen receptor α via distinct mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2067-78. [PMID: 24742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) enhances estrogen-induced activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and dysfunction of PRMT6 is associated with overall better survival for ERα-positive breast cancer patients. However, it is unclear how PRMT6 promotes ERα activity. Here we report that PRMT6 specifically interacts with ERα at its ligand-binding domain. PRMT6 also methylates ERα both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to enhancing estrogen-induced ERα activity, PRMT6 over-expression up-regulates estrogen-independent activity of ERα and PRMT6 gene silencing in MCF7 cells inhibits ligand-independent ERα activation. More interestingly, the effect of PRMT6 on the ligand-independent ERα activity does not require its methyltransferase activity. Instead, PRMT6 competes with Hsp90 for ERα binding: PRMT6 and Hsp90 bindings to ERα are mutually exclusive and PRMT6 over-expression reduces ERα interaction with Hsp90. In conclusion, PRMT6 requires its methyltransferase activity to enhance ERα's ligand-induced activity, but its effect on ligand-independent activity is likely mediated through competing with Hsp90 for binding to the C-terminal domain of ERα. PRMT6-ERα interaction would prevent ERα-Hsp90 association. Since Hsp90 and associated chaperones serve to maintain ERα conformation for ligand-binding yet functionally inactive, inhibition of ERα-Hsp90 interaction would relieve ERα from the constraint of chaperone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hwa Hwa Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Valerie C-L Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Chung J, Noh H, Park KH, Choi E, Han A. Longer survival in patients with breast cancer with cyclin d1 over-expression after tumor recurrence: longer, but occupied with disease. J Breast Cancer 2014; 17:47-53. [PMID: 24744797 PMCID: PMC3988342 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2014.17.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on breast cancer outcomes and prognosis is controversial, even though amplification of the cyclin D1 gene, CCND1, has been shown to be associated with early relapse and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined the relationship between cyclin D1 overexpression and disease-specific survival (DSS). We also analyzed survival in patients who experienced recurrence. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma between April 2005 and December 2010. We examined clinicopathologic factors associated with cyclin D1 overexpression and analyzed the influence of cyclin D1 on recurrence-free survival and DSS. Results We identified 236 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer who completed all phases of their primary treatment. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with longer DSS (5-year DSS, 89.9% in patients without cyclin D1 overexpression vs. 98.9% in patients with cyclin D1 overexpression; p=0.008). Multivariate analysis also found that patients with cyclin D1 overexpressing tumors had significantly longer disease-specific survival than patients whose tumors did not overexpress cyclin D1, with a hazard ratio for disease-specific mortality of 7.97 (1.17-54.22, p=0.034). However, in the group of patients who experienced recurrence, cyclin D1 overexpression was not significantly associated with recurrence-free survival. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with increased survival after disease recurrence, indicating that cyclin D1 overexpression might be indicative of more indolent disease progression after metastasis. Conclusion Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with longer DSS, but not recurrence-free survival, in patients with breast cancer. Longer postrecurrence survival could explain the apparent inconsistency between DSS and recurrence-free survival. Patients with cyclin D1-overexpressing tumors survive longer, but with metastatic disease after recurrence. This information should spark the urgent development of tailored therapies to cure these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesik Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hany Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Hwa Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Airi Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Han SJ, O'Malley BW. The dynamics of nuclear receptors and nuclear receptor coregulators in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:467-84. [PMID: 24634322 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is defined as the colonization and growth of endometrial tissue at anatomic sites outside the uterine cavity. Up to 15% of reproductive-aged women in the USA suffer from painful symptoms of endometriosis, such as infertility, pelvic pain, menstrual cycle abnormalities and increased risk of certain cancers. However, many of the current clinical treatments for endometriosis are not sufficiently effective and yield unacceptable side effects. There is clearly an urgent need to identify new molecular mechanisms that critically underpin the initiation and progression of endometriosis in order to develop more specific and effective therapeutics which lack the side effects of current therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss how nuclear receptors (NRs) and their coregulators promote the progression of endometriosis. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanisms for the genesis and maintenance of endometriosis as modulated by NRs and coregulators can reveal new therapeutic targets for alternative endometriosis treatments. METHODS This review was prepared using published gene expression microarray data sets obtained from patients with endometriosis and published literature on NRs and their coregulators that deal with endometriosis progression. Using the above observations, our current understanding of how NRs and NR coregulators are involved in the progression of endometriosis is summarized. RESULTS Aberrant levels of NRs and NR coregulators in ectopic endometriosis lesions are associated with the progression of endometriosis. As an example, endometriotic cell-specific alterations in gene expression are correlated with a differential methylation status of the genome compared with the normal endometrium. These differential epigenetic regulations can generate favorable cell-specific NR and coregulator milieus for endometriosis progression. Genetic alterations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion polymorphisms of NR and coregulator genes, are frequently detected in ectopic lesions compared with the normal endometrium. These genetic variations impart new molecular properties to NRs and coregulators to increase their capacity to stimulate progression of endometriosis. Finally, post-translational modifications of NR coregulators, such as proteolytic processing, generate endometriosis-specific isoforms. Compared with the unmodified coregulators, these coregulator isoforms have unique functions that enhance the pathogenesis of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic/genetic variations and posttranslational modifications of NRs and coregulators alter their original function so that they become potent 'drivers' of endometriosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tabarestani S, Ghaderian SMH, Rezvani H, Mirfakhraie R, Ebrahimi A, Attarian H, Rafat J, Ghadyani M, Alavi HA, Kamalian N, Rakhsha A, Azargashb E. Prognostic and predictive value of copy number alterations in invasive breast cancer as determined by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:107-18. [PMID: 24573687 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. About 70 % of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Blocking estrogen action by tamoxifen has been the treatment of choice in ER positive breast cancers for more than 30 years. In the past, several studies have revealed associations between gene copy number alterations and responsiveness to tamoxifen therapy, but so far no single gene copy number alteration could completely explain the response variation observed between individual breast cancer patients. Here, we set out to perform a simultaneous analysis of copy number alterations of several genes involved in the prognosis and response to therapy by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). METHODS A case-control study was designed encompassing 170 non-metastatic ER positive breast cancer patients (case group = 85, control group = 85). All patients in the control group had received standard adjuvant tamoxifen treatment for 5 years without any evidence of recurrence. Patients in the case group had experienced early recurrences while receiving tamoxifen treatment. 76 % of the patients of the case group and 73 % of the patients of the control group had received anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Gene copy number alterations detected by MLPA in both groups were compared. RESULTS Amplification of CCND1 (OR = 3.13; 95 % CI = 1.35 to 7.26; p = 0.006) and TOP2A (OR = 3.05; 95 % CI = 1.13 to 8.24; p = 0.022) were significantly more prevalent in the case group, compared to the control group. In a multivariate analysis CCND1 (p = 0.01) and TOP2A (p = 0.041) amplifications remained significant predictors of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CCND1 amplification may serve as a useful biomarker for hormone responsiveness, and that TOP2A amplification may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Tabarestani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dressing GE, Knutson TP, Schiewer MJ, Daniel AR, Hagan CR, Diep CH, Knudsen KE, Lange CA. Progesterone receptor-cyclin D1 complexes induce cell cycle-dependent transcriptional programs in breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:442-57. [PMID: 24606123 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) and its coactivators are direct targets of activated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in response to peptide growth factors, progesterone, and deregulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Herein, using the T47D breast cancer model, we probed mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent PR action. In the absence of exogenous progestin, the PR is specifically phosphorylated during the G2/M phase. Accordingly, numerous PR target genes are cell cycle regulated, including HSPB8, a heat-shock protein whose high expression is associated with tamoxifen resistance. Progestin-induced HSPB8 expression required cyclin D1 and was insensitive to antiestrogens but blocked by antiprogestins or inhibition of specificity factor 1 (SP1). HSPB8 expression increased with or without ligand when cells were G2/M synchronized or contained high levels of cyclin D1. Knockdown of PRs abrogated ligand-independent HSPB8 expression in synchronized cells. Notably, PRs and cyclin D1 copurified in whole-cell lysates of transiently transfected COS-1 cells and in PR-positive T47D breast cancer cells expressing endogenous cyclin D1. PRs, cyclin D1, and SP1 were recruited to the HSPB8 promoter in progestin-treated T47D breast cancer cells. Mutation of PR Ser345 to Ala (S345A) or inhibition of CDK2 activity using roscovitine disrupted PR/cyclin D1 interactions with DNA and blocked HSPB8 mRNA expression. Interaction of phosphorylated PRs with SP1 and cyclin D1 provides a mechanism for targeting transcriptionally active PRs to selected gene promoters relevant to breast cancer progression. Understanding the functional linkage between PRs and cell cycle regulatory proteins will provide keys to targeting novel PR/cyclin D1 cross talk in both hormone-responsive disease and HSPB8-high refractory disease with high HSPB8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen E Dressing
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology (G.E.D., T.P.K., A.R.D., C.R.H., C.H.D., C.A.L.), Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Departments of Cancer Biology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology (M.J.S., K.E.K.), Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Tabarestani S, Ghaderian SMH, Rezvani H, Mirfakhraie R. Expression profiling of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen: prognostic or predictive significance. Med Oncol 2014; 31:896. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Casimiro MC, Wang C, Li Z, Di Sante G, Willmart NE, Addya S, Chen L, Liu Y, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1 determines estrogen signaling in the mammary gland in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1415-28. [PMID: 23864650 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCND1 gene, which is frequently overexpressed in cancers, encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein. Although it is known that cyclin D1 regulates estrogen receptor (ER)α transactivation using heterologous reporter systems, the in vivo biological significance of cyclin D1 to estrogen-dependent signaling, and the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin D1 is involved, are yet to be elucidated. Herein, genome-wide expression profiling conducted of 17β-estradiol-treated castrated virgin mice deleted of the Ccnd1 gene demonstrated that cyclin D1 determines estrogen-dependent gene expression for 88% of estrogen-responsive genes in vivo. In addition, expression profiling of 17β-estradiol-stimulated cyclin D1 small interfering RNA treated MCF7 cells shows cyclin D1 is required for estrogen-mediated gene expression in vitro. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis revealed a cyclin D1-DNA bound form associated with genes that were regulated by estrogen in a cyclin D1-dependent manner. The cyclin D1-dependent estrogen signaling pathways identified in vivo were highly enriched for extracellular membrane-associated growth factor receptors (epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB3, and EphB3) and their ligands (amphiregulin, encoded by AREG gene), and matrix metalloproteinase. The AREG protein, a pivotal ligand for epidermal growth factor receptors to promote cellular proliferation, was induced by cyclin D1 via the AREG promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated the recruitment of cyclin D1 to the breast cancer 1 (Brca1)/ERα binding site of the Areg gene. Cyclin D1 genetic deletion demonstrated the in vivo requirement for cyclin D1 in assembling the estrogen-dependent amplified in breast cancer 1-associated multiprotein complex. The current studies define a requirement for cyclin D1 in estrogen-dependent signaling modules governing growth factor receptor and ligand expression in vivo and reveal a noncanonical function of cyclin D1 at ERα target gene promoters. Cyclin D1 mediates the convergence of ERα and growth factor signaling at a common cis-element of growth factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew C Casimiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Forget D, Lacombe AA, Cloutier P, Lavallée-Adam M, Blanchette M, Coulombe B. Nuclear import of RNA polymerase II is coupled with nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the RNA polymerase II-associated protein 2. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6881-91. [PMID: 23723243 PMCID: PMC3737550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II (RNAP II)-associated protein (RPAP) 2 has been discovered through its association with various subunits of RNAP II in affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry experiments. Here, we show that RPAP2 is a mainly cytoplasmic protein that shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. RPAP2 shuttling is tightly coupled with nuclear import of RNAP II, as RPAP2 silencing provokes abnormal accumulation of RNAP II in the cytoplasmic space. Most notably, RPAP4/GPN1 silencing provokes the retention of RPAP2 in the nucleus. Our results support a model in which RPAP2 enters the nucleus in association with RNAP II and returns to the cytoplasm in association with the GTPase GPN1/RPAP4. Although binding of RNAP II to RPAP2 is mediated by an N-terminal domain (amino acids 1–170) that contains a nuclear retention domain, and binding of RPAP4/GPN1 to RPAP2 occurs through a C-terminal domain (amino acids 156–612) that has a dominant cytoplasmic localization domain. In conjunction with previously published data, our results have important implications, as they indicate that RPAP2 controls gene expression by two distinct mechanisms, one that targets RNAP II activity during transcription and the other that controls availability of RNAP II in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Forget
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, McGill Centre for Bioinformatics and School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
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