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Wen X, Hu J. Targeting STAT3 signaling pathway in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with compounds from natural products. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112936. [PMID: 39163684 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to cure and of global concern. Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the onset and progression of AD, making its treatment increasingly important. Compounds from natural products, with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, are of high research interest. STAT3, a multifunctional transcription factor, is involved in various cellular processes including inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Its activation and inhibition can have different effects under various pathological conditions. In AD, the STAT3 protein plays a crucial role in promoting neuroinflammation and contributing to disease progression. This occurs primarily through the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, which impacts microglia, astrocytes, and hippocampal neurons. This paper reviews the STAT3 signaling pathway in AD and 25 compounds targeting STAT3 up to 2024. Notably, Rutin, Paeoniflorin, and Geniposide up-regulate STAT3 in hippocampal and cortex neurons, showing neuroprotective effects in various AD models. Other 23 compounds downregulate AD by suppressing neuroinflammation through inhibition of STAT3 activation in microglia and astrocytes. These findings highlight the potential of compounds from natural products in improving AD by targeting STAT3, offering insights into the prevention and management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China.
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Zhao S, Li L, Komohara Y, Matsubara E, Shinchi Y, Adawy A, Yano H, Pan C, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda K, Suzu S, Hibi T, Suzuki M. IL-32 production from lung adenocarcinoma cells is potentially involved in immunosuppressive microenvironment. Med Mol Morphol 2024; 57:91-100. [PMID: 38316697 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted from several kinds of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the significance of IL-32 in lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis. IL-32 was positive in cancer cells of 21 cases (9.2%) of total 228 cases. Increased IL-32 gene expression was linked to worse clinical course in TCGA analysis, however, IL-32 expression in immunohistochemistry was not associated to clinical course in our cohort. It was also found that high IL-32 expression was seen in cases with increased lymphocyte infiltration. In vitro studies indicated that IFN-γ induced gene expression of IL-32 and PD1-ligands in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. IL-32, especially IL-32β, also induced overexpression of PD1-ligands in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Additionally, Cancer-cell-derived IL-32 was elevated by stimulation with anticancer agents. In conclusion, IL-32 potentially induced by inflammatory conditions and anticancer therapy and contribute to immune escape of cancer cells via development the immunosuppressive microenvironment. IL-32 might be a target molecule for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Zhao
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Lianbo Li
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Eri Matsubara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Meng D, Dong H, Wang C, Zang R, Wang J. Role of interleukin‑32 in cancer progression (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:54. [PMID: 38192653 PMCID: PMC10773214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it can promote inflammatory responses. The present review article summarized the role of the receptors required for IL-32 action, the biological function of IL-32 and its mechanism of action in tumors. Moreover, it assessed the significance of aberrant IL-32 expression in associated diseases and analyzed the effects of IL-32 on four key types of cancer: Colorectal, gastric, breast and lung. However, the mechanism of action of IL-32 needs to be further demonstrated by assessing the role of this cytokine in cancer to elucidate novel and reliable targets for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Chennan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Rongjia Zang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Chung H, Kim J, Lee YJ, Choi KR, Jeong KJ, Kim GJ, Lee SY. Enhanced production of difficult-to-express proteins through knocking down rnpA gene expression. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200641. [PMID: 37285237 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been employed as a workhorse for the efficient production of recombinant proteins. However, some proteins were found to be difficult to produce in E. coli. The stability of mRNA has been considered as one of the important factors affecting recombinant protein production. Here we report a generally applicable and simple strategy for enhancing mRNA stability, and consequently improving recombinant protein production in E. coli. RNase P, a ribozyme comprising an RNA subunit (RnpB) and a protein subunit (RnpA), is involved in tRNA maturation. Based on the finding that purified RnpA can digest rRNA and mRNA in vitro, it was reasoned that knocking down the level of RnpA might enhance recombinant protein production. For this, the synthetic small regulatory RNA-based knockdown system was applied to reduce the expression level of RnpA. The developed RnpA knockdown system allowed successful overexpression of 23 different recombinant proteins of various origins and sizes, including Cas9 protein, antibody fragment, and spider silk protein. Notably, a 284.9-kDa ultra-high molecular weight, highly repetitive glycine-rich spider silk protein, which is one of the most difficult proteins to produce, could be produced to 1.38 g L-1 , about two-fold higher than the highest value previously achieved, by a fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli strain employing the RnpA knockdown system. The RnpA-knockdown strategy reported here will be generally useful for the production of recombinant proteins including those that have been difficult to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chung
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Rok Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Fu LW, Gong YD, Nguyen AT, Guo ZL, Tjen-A-Looi SC, Malik S. Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1140255. [PMID: 37324636 PMCID: PMC10262041 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated sympathetic activity and chronic inflammation are known contributory factors observed in hypertension. We have observed that sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (SI-EA) at acupoints ST36-37 alleviates sympathetic activity and hypertension. Additionally, EA at acupoints SP6-7 exerts anti-inflammatory (AI-EA) effects. However, it is not known whether simultaneous stimulation of this combination of acupoints attenuates or enhances individual effects. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the hypothesis that combining SI-EA and AI-EA (cEA) leads to greater reduction of hypertension by decreasing sympathetic activity and inflammation in hypertensive rats than either set of acupoints alone. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DSSH) rats were treated with four EA regimens including cEA, SI-EA, AI-EA, and sham-EA twice weekly for five weeks. A group of normotensive (NTN) rats served as control. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured non-invasively by tail-cuff. Plasma norepinephrine (NE), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined with ELISA at the completion of treatments. DSSH rats on high salt diet progressively developed moderate hypertension within five weeks. DSSH rats treated with sham-EA showed continuous increase in SBP and DBP and elevations in plasma NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 levels relative to NTN control. Both SI-EA and cEA decreased SBP and DBP, and had corresponding changes in biomarkers (NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6) compared with sham-EA. AI-EA prevented SBP and DBP elevation and decreased IL-6 and hs-CRP relative to sham-EA. Importantly in DSSH rats that received repetitive cEA treatment, SI-EA interacted positively with AI-EA leading to greater reduction of SBP, DBP, NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 than SI-EA or AI-EA alone. These data suggest that by targeting both elevated sympathetic activity and chronic inflammation, cEA regimen results in a greater reduction of BP effects in treating hypertension compared to using individual SI-EA or AI-EA alone.
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Decombis S, Papin A, Bellanger C, Sortais C, Dousset C, Le Bris Y, Riveron T, Blandin S, Hulin P, Tessoulin B, Rouel M, Le Gouill S, Moreau-Aubry A, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Chiron D. The IL32/BAFF axis supports prosurvival dialogs in the lymphoma ecosystem and is disrupted by NIK inhibition. Haematologica 2022; 107:2905-2917. [PMID: 35263985 PMCID: PMC9713562 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), are microenvironment-dependent tumors and a better understanding of the dialogs occurring in lymphoma-protective ecosystems will provide new perspectives to increase treatment efficiency. To identify novel molecular regulations, we performed a transcriptomic analysis based on the comparison of circulating MCL cells (n=77) versus MCL lymph nodes (n=107) together with RNA sequencing of malignant (n=8) versus normal B-cell (n=6) samples. This integrated analysis led to the discovery of microenvironment-dependent and tumor-specific secretion of interleukin-32 beta (IL32β), whose expression was confirmed in situ within MCL lymph nodes by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Using ex vivo models of primary MCL cells (n=23), we demonstrated that, through the secretion of IL32β, the tumor was able to polarize monocytes into specific MCL-associated macrophages, which in turn favor tumor survival. We highlighted that while IL32β-stimulated macrophages secreted several protumoral factors, they supported tumor survival through a soluble dialog, mostly driven by BAFF. Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of selective NIK/alternative-NFkB inhibition to counteract microenvironment-dependent induction of IL32β and BAFF-dependent survival of MCL cells. These data uncovered the IL32β/BAFF axis as a previously undescribed pathway involved in lymphoma-associated macrophage polarization and tumor survival, which could be counteracted through selective NIK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Decombis
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Antonin Papin
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Céline Bellanger
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Clara Sortais
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes
| | - Christelle Dousset
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes
| | - Yannick Le Bris
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU, Nantes
| | - Thiphanie Riveron
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Stéphanie Blandin
- SFR-Santé, INSERM UMS016, CNRS UMS 3556, FED 4202, UNIV Nantes, CHU, Nantes
| | - Philippe Hulin
- SFR-Santé, INSERM UMS016, CNRS UMS 3556, FED 4202, UNIV Nantes, CHU, Nantes
| | - Benoit Tessoulin
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes
| | - Mathieu Rouel
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Steven Le Gouill
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes
| | - Agnès Moreau-Aubry
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS
| | - David Chiron
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes - France; L'Héma-NexT, i-Site NexT, Nantes, France; GDR3697 Micronit, CNRS.
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Shim S, Lee S, Hisham Y, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Taitt AS, Hwang J, Jhun H, Park HY, Lee Y, Yeom SC, Kim SY, Kim YG, Kim S. Comparison of the Seven Interleukin-32 Isoforms’ Biological Activities: IL-32θ Possesses the Most Dominant Biological Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837588. [PMID: 35281066 PMCID: PMC8914309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are significantly associated with the homeostasis of immune responses in health and disease. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine originally discovered in natural killer cell transcript 4. IL-32 with different disorders has been described in terms of pathogenesis and the progression of diseases. Clinical studies have investigated IL-32 under various conditions, such as viral infection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, certain types of cancer, vascular disease, and pulmonary diseases. The high expression of IL-32 was identified in different tissues with various diseases and found to have multiple transcripts of up to seven isoforms. However, the purification and biological activities of these isoforms have not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, we purified and compared the biological activity of recombinant IL-32 (rIL-32) isoforms. This is the first time for seven rIL-32 isoforms (α, β, δ, γ, ϵ, ζ, and θ) to be cloned and purified using an Escherichia coli expression system. Next, we evaluate the biological activities of these seven rIL-32 isoforms, which were used to treat different types of cells by assessing the levels of inflammatory cytokine production. The results revealed that rIL-32θ possessed the most dominant biological activity in both immune and non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tam T. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Afeisha S. Taitt
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Gil Kim, ; Soohyun Kim,
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Gil Kim, ; Soohyun Kim,
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Braga YLL, Neto JRC, Costa AWF, Silva MVT, Silva MV, Celes MRN, Oliveira MAP, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F, Gomes RS, Machado JR. Interleukin-32 γ in the Control of Acute Experimental Chagas Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7070301. [PMID: 35097133 PMCID: PMC8794684 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is an important parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) plays an important role in inflammation and in the development of Th1/Th17 acquired immune responses. We evaluated the influence of IL-32γ on the immune response profile, pathogenesis of myocarditis in acute experimental CD, and control of the disease. For this, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-32γTg mice were infected subcutaneously with 1,000 forms of Colombian strain of T. cruzi. In the histopathological analyzes, T. cruzi nests, myocarditis, and collagen were quantified in cardiac tissue. Cytokine productions (IL-32, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17) were measured in cardiac homogenate by ELISA. The IL-32γTg mice showed a better control of parasitemia and T. cruzi nests in the heart than WT mice. Infected-WT and -IL-32γTg mice showed similar levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, but IL-10 was significantly higher expressed in IL-32γTg than in WT mice. The cytokine profile found in IL-32γTg animals contributed to body weight maintenance, parasitemia control, and survival. Our results indicate that the presence of human IL-32γ in mice infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi is important for infection control during the acute phase of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarlla L. L. Braga
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - José R. C. Neto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur W. F. Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Muriel V. T. Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Mara R. N. Celes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Milton A. P. Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Machado
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Natural Product Ingredients in the Treatment of Uveitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6683411. [PMID: 34778467 PMCID: PMC8585548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the spectrum of ophthalmic diseases keeps changing, uveitis has gradually become one of the major blinding eye diseases in the world. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot to select effective components for uveitis treatment from natural drugs. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies written in English as well as Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CQVIP, and Wan Fang database for studies written in Chinese (inception through 30 December 2020). Results Eight kinds of natural product ingredients were included in this article. They were found to not only regulate the expression of cytokines, proliferation, and differentiation of T help cells but also inhibit the damage of cytokines and inflammatory cells to uvea, blood aqueous barrier, and blood retinal barrier. Conclusion Natural product ingredients have their unique advantages in the treatment of uveitis. They have good anti-inflammatory effects without causing serious adverse reactions, which enables them to be promising choices for preventive and therapeutic strategy of uveitis.
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Han L, Chen S, Chen Z, Zhou B, Zheng Y, Shen L. Interleukin 32 Promotes Foxp3 + Treg Cell Development and CD8 + T Cell Function in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704853. [PMID: 34414188 PMCID: PMC8369465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 32 (IL-32) is involved in infectious diseases and cancer, but what subtypes of immune cells express IL-32 and its roles in tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been well discussed. In this study, we applied bioinformatics to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data about tumor-infiltrating immune cells from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) TME and analyzed IL-32 expression in different immune cell types. We found CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) express the highest level of IL-32, while proliferating T and natural killer cells expressed relatively lower levels. Knocking down of IL-32 reduced Foxp3 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) expressions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. IL-32 was positively correlated with Foxp3, IFNG, and GZMB expression but was negatively correlated with proliferation score. IL-32 may have a contradictory role in the TME such as it promotes IFNγ expression in CD8+ T cells, which enhances the antitumor activity, but at the same time induces Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T cells, which suppresses the tumor immune response. Our results demonstrate different roles of IL-32 in Treg cells and CD8+ T cells and suggest that it can potentially be a target for ESCC cancer immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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de Albuquerque R, Komsi E, Starskaia I, Ullah U, Lahesmaa R. The role of Interleukin-32 in autoimmunity. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13012. [PMID: 33336406 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces other cytokines involved in inflammation, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Recent evidence suggests that IL-32 has a crucial role in host defence against pathogens, as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Abnormal IL-32 expression has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, and a recent study suggested the importance of IL-32 in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, despite accumulating evidence, many molecular characteristics of this cytokine, including the secretory route and the receptor for IL-32, remain largely unknown. In addition, the IL-32 gene is found in higher mammals but not in rodents. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of IL-32 biological functions, properties, and its role in autoimmune diseases. We particularly highlight the role of IL-32 in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Albuquerque
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Inna Starskaia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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12
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Öngöz Dede F, Gökmenoğlu C, Deveci ET, Çelen S, Avci B, Kara C, Çanakçi V. Increased levels of interleukin-32 isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, and delta in the gingival crevicular fluid and plasma of the patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:83-92. [PMID: 32890410 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-32, which has been recently reported to be associated with periodontitis, has been suggested to have pleiotropic effect due to its 9 different isoforms. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ isoforms in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis (P). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven P and 27 periodontally healthy controls (C) were recruited in this study. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed to periodontitis patients. GCF and plasma sampling and clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated before and 1 month after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ isoforms in GCF and plasma samples. RESULTS The levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ in plasma and GCF were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis than healthy controls (P < .001). In P group, plasma and GCF IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ levels after non-surgical periodontal treatment were lower when compared to baseline (P < .001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between GCF and plasma IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ levels in all groups at baseline and after treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSION The study supported that there was a relationship between elevated levels of IL-32 isoforms and periodontitis. Also, our novel findings suggest that the pro-inflammatory role of IL-32 in the periodontitis may be originated from IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Öngöz Dede
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gökmenoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Emre Taha Deveci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selman Çelen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cankat Kara
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Varol Çanakçi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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13
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Aass KR, Kastnes MH, Standal T. Molecular interactions and functions of IL-32. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:143-159. [PMID: 32869391 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0620-550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a multifaceted cytokine associated with several diseases and inflammatory conditions. Its expression is induced in response to cellular stress such as hypoxia, infections, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-32 can be secreted from cells and can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from several cell types but are also described to have anti-inflammatory functions. The intracellular form of IL-32 is shown to play an important role in various cellular processes, including the defense against intracellular bacteria and viruses and in modulation of cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss current literature on molecular interactions of IL-32 with other proteins. We also review data on the role of intracellular IL-32 as a metabolic regulator and its role in antimicrobial host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Roseth Aass
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin H Kastnes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Chun HW, Lee J, Pham TH, Lee J, Yoon JH, Lee J, Oh DK, Oh J, Yoon DY. Resolvin D5, a Lipid Mediator, Inhibits Production of Interleukin-6 and CCL5 Via the ERK-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated THP-1 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:85-92. [PMID: 31693828 PMCID: PMC9728331 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1907.07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the omega-3 essential fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a significant constituent of the cell membrane and the precursor of several potent lipid mediators. These mediators are considered to be important in preventing or treating several diseases. Resolvin D5, an oxidized lipid mediator derived from DHA, has been known to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, the detailed mechanism underlying these effects has not yet been elucidated in human monocytic THP-1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of resolvin D5 on inflammation-related signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. Resolvin D5 downregulated the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Additionally, these inhibitory effects were found to be modulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated THP-1 cells. Resolvin D5 inhibited the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and translocation of p65 and p50 into the nucleus, resulting in the inhibition of IL-6 and CCL5 production. These results revealed that resolvin D5 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-treated THP-1 cells by regulating the phosphorylation of ERK and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Chun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintak Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyon Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 0509, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-4119 Fax: +82-2-444-4218; E-mail:
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15
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Zaidan SM, Leyre L, Bunet R, Larouche-Anctil E, Turcotte I, Sylla M, Chamberland A, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Ancuta P, Routy JP, Baril JG, Trottier B, MacPherson P, Trottier S, Harris M, Walmsley S, Conway B, Wong A, Thomas R, Kaplan RC, Landay AL, Durand M, Chomont N, Tremblay C, El-Far M. Upregulation of IL-32 Isoforms in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Individuals: Potential Role in Persistent Inflammation and Transcription From Stable HIV-1 Reservoirs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 82:503-513. [PMID: 31714430 PMCID: PMC6857723 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human IL-32 is a polyfunctional cytokine that was initially reported to inhibit HIV-1 infection. However, recent data suggest that IL-32 may enhance HIV-1 replication by activating the HIV-1 primary targets, CD4 T-cells. Indeed, IL-32 is expressed in multiple isoforms, some of which are proinflammatory, whereas others are anti-inflammatory. SETTING AND METHODS Here, we aimed to determine the relative expression of IL-32 isoforms and to test their inflammatory nature and potential to induce HIV-1 production in latently infected cells from virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. IL-32 and other cytokines were quantified from plasma and supernatant of CD4 T-cells by ELISA. Transcripts of IL-32 isoforms were quantified by qRT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The impact of recombinant human IL-32 isoforms on HIV-1 transcription was assessed in CD4 T-cells from HIV-1cART individuals by qRT-PCR. RESULTS All IL-32 isoforms were significantly upregulated in HIV-1cART compared to HIV individuals with IL-32β representing the dominantly expressed isoform, mainly in T-cells and NK-cells. At the functional level, although IL-32γ induced typical proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ) in TCR-activated CD4 T-cells, IL-32α showed an anti-inflammatory profile by inducing IL-10 but not IL-6 or IFN-γ. However, IL-32β showed a dual phenotype by inducing both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, consistent with its highly pro-inflammatory nature, IL-32γ, but not IL-32α or IL-32β, induced HIV-1 production in latently infected CD4 T-cells isolated from combined antiretroviral therapy-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our data report on the differential expression of IL-32 isoforms and highlight the potential role of IL-32, particularly the γ isoform, in fueling persistent inflammation and transcription of viral reservoir in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Zaidan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Leyre
- Départment de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Bunet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Turcotte
- Départment de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Chamberland
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Baril
- Centre de médecine urbaine du Quartier latin, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Centre de médecine urbaine du Quartier latin, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- AIDS Research Program, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Conway
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal,QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Gorshkova EA, Zvartsev RV, Drutskaya MS, Gubernatorova EO. Humanized Mouse Models as a Tool to Study Proinflammatory Cytokine Overexpression. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Matsui M, Kajikuri J, Kito H, Endo K, Hasegawa Y, Murate S, Ohya S. Inhibition of Interleukin 10 Transcription through the SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway by Ca2+-Activated K+Channel KCa3.1 Activation in Human T-Cell Lymphoma HuT-78 Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:294-302. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Li Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Xing X, Zhang Y. Interleukin‐32ε induces caspase‐independent apoptosis mediated by N‐Myc interactor in macrophages infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS J 2018; 286:572-583. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xupeng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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19
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Neupane S, Srivastav S, Bhurtel S, Katila N, Shadfar S, Park PH, Hong JT, Choi DY. Enhanced neuroinflammatory responses after systemic LPS injection in IL-32β transgenic mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Biology and Role of Interleukin-32 in Tuberculosis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1535194. [PMID: 30426023 PMCID: PMC6217754 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with nearly 10.4 million new cases of incidence and over 1.7 million deaths annually. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, especially multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains, have further intensified the problem associated with tuberculosis control. Host-directed therapy is a promising alternative for tuberculosis control. IL-32 is increasingly recognized as an important host molecule against tuberculosis. In this review, we highlight the proinflammatory properties of IL-32 and the mode of action of IL-32 in mycobacterial infections to inspire the development of novel immunity-based countermeasures and host-directed therapies against tuberculosis.
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Kim DH, Park ES, Lee AR, Park S, Park YK, Ahn SH, Kang HS, Won JH, Ha YN, Jae B, Kim DS, Chung WC, Song MJ, Kim KH, Park SH, Kim SH, Kim KH. Intracellular interleukin-32γ mediates antiviral activity of cytokines against hepatitis B virus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3284. [PMID: 30115930 PMCID: PMC6095909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in early host defense against pathogen infections. In particular, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) have critical functions in non-cytopathic elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms and mediator molecules are largely unknown. Here we show that interleukin-32 (IL-32) is induced by TNF and IFN-γ in hepatocytes, and inhibits the replication of HBV by acting intracellularly to suppress HBV transcription and replication. The gamma isoform of IL-32 (IL-32γ) inhibits viral enhancer activities by downregulating liver-enriched transcription factors. Our data are validated in both an in vivo HBV mouse model and primary human hepatocytes. This study thus suggests that IL-32γ functions as intracellular effector in hepatocytes for suppressing HBV replication to implicate a possible mechanism of non-cytopathic viral clearance. Cytokines such as TNF and IFN-γ are important for immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Here the authors show that interleukin-32 gamma (IL-32γ) acts downstream of TNF and IFN-γ as an intracellular effector, and that IL-32γ negatively regulates host factors contributing to HBV transcription to promote HBV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soree Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Won
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Na Ha
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - ByeongJune Jae
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Kim
- Division of HBP Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Veterinary School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. .,KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Xin T, Chen M, Duan L, Xu Y, Gao P. Interleukin-32: its role in asthma and potential as a therapeutic agent. Respir Res 2018; 19:124. [PMID: 29940981 PMCID: PMC6019726 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32, also named natural killer cell transcript 4 (NK4), has increasingly been described as an immunoregulator that controls cell differentiation and cell death and is involved in the stimulation of anti−/pro-inflammatory cytokines. Abnormal presence of IL-32 has been repeatedly noticed during the pathogenesis of allergic, infectious, cancerous, and inflammatory diseases. Of particular note was the observation of the anti-inflammatory property of IL-32 in a murine ovalbumin model of allergic asthma. Compared to wild-type mice, IL-32γ transgenic mice show decreased levels of inflammatory cells, recruited eosinophils, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of acute asthma. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of IL-32 in asthma remains to be elucidated. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the pathophysiology of asthma and describe the links to IL-32. The possibilities of using IL-32 as an airway inflammation biomarker and an asthma therapeutic agent are also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Kwon OC, Kim S, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Chang EJ, Kim YG. Role of IL-32 Gamma on Bone Metabolism in Autoimmune Arthritis. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e20. [PMID: 29984038 PMCID: PMC6026691 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by inducing the synthesis of inflammatory molecules as well as promoting the morphological changes involved in the transformation of monocytes into osteoclasts (OCs). Evaluation of the functions of IL-32 has mainly focused on its inflammatory properties, such as involvement in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-32 was shown to be involved in bone metabolism, in which it promotes the differentiation and activation of OCs and plays a key role in bone resorption in inflammatory conditions. IL-32γ also regulates bone formation in conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize the results of recent studies on the role of IL-32γ in bone metabolism in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Gonnet J, Perrin H, Hutton AJ, Boccara D, Bonduelle O, Mimoun M, Atlan M, Soria A, Combadière B. Interleukin-32 promotes detachment and activation of human Langerhans cells in a human skin explant model. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:145-153. [PMID: 29806155 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-talk between skin keratinocytes (KCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) plays a fundamental role in the body's first line of immunological defences. However, the mechanism behind the interaction between these two major epidermal cells is unknown. Interleukin (IL)-32 is produced in inflammatory skin disorders. We questioned the role of IL-32 in the epidermis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the role of IL-32 produced by KCs on surrounding LCs. METHODS We used an ex vivo human explant model from healthy donors and investigated the role of IL-32 on LC activation using imaging, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and small interfering (si)RNA treatment. RESULTS Modified vaccinia virus ankara (MVA) infection induced KC death alongside the early production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-32. We demonstrated that IL-32 produced by MVA-infected KCs induced modest but significant morphological changes in LCs and downregulation of adhesion molecules, such as epithelial cell adhesion molecule and very late antigen-4, and CXCL10 production. The treatment of KCs with IL-32-specific siRNA, and anti-IL-32 blocking antibody significantly inhibited LC activation, demonstrating the role of IL-32 in LC activation. We also found that some Toll-like receptor ligands induced a very high level of IL-32 production by KCs, which initiated LC activation. CONCLUSIONS We propose, for the first time, that IL-32 is a molecular link between KCs and LCs in healthy skin, provoking LC migration from the epidermis to the dermis prior to their migration to the draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gonnet
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - H Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - A J Hutton
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - D Boccara
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.,Service de Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice, Esthétique, Centre des Brûlés, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - O Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - M Mimoun
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice, Esthétique, Centre des Brûlés, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - M Atlan
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice et Esthétique, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 4 Rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
| | - A Soria
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.,Service de Dermatologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaire Est Parisien (HUEP), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
| | - B Combadière
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (Cimi-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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25
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Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development of several diseases, including cancer. IL-32 is a rather peculiar cytokine because its protein structure does not show resemblance with any of the known cytokines, and an IL-32 receptor to facilitate extracellular signaling has not yet been identified. Thus far, 9 isoforms of IL-32 have been described, all of which show differences in terms of effects and in potency to elicit a specific effect. Since the first report of IL-32 in 2005, there is increasing evidence that IL-32 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Some IL-32 isoforms have been linked to disease outcome and were shown to positively influence tumor development and progression in various different malignancies, including gastric, breast and lung cancers. However, there are other reports suggesting a tumor suppressive role for some of IL-32 as well. For example, IL-32γ and IL-32β expression is associated with increased cancer cell death in colon cancer and melanoma, whereas expression of these isoforms is associated with increased invasion and migration in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IL-32 isoforms α, β and γ also play an important role in regulating the anti-tumor immune response, thus also influencing tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of IL-32 and its different isoforms in carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and regulation of the anti-tumor immune response.
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26
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Human Interleukin-32γ Plays a Protective Role in an Experimental Model of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00796-17. [PMID: 29483288 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00796-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Americas. During VL, several proinflammatory cytokines are produced in spleen, liver, and bone marrow. However, the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32) has not been explored in this disease. IL-32 can induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in innate immune cells and polarize the adaptive immune response. Herein, we discovered that L. infantum antigens induced expression of mRNA mainly for the IL-32γ isoform but also induced low levels of the IL-32β transcript in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, infection of human IL-32γ transgenic mice (IL-32γTg mice) with L. infantum promastigote forms increased IL-32γ expression in the spleen and liver. Interestingly, IL-32γTg mice harbored less parasitism in the spleen and liver than wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, IL-32γTg mice showed increased granuloma formation in the liver compared to WT mice. The protection against VL was associated with increased production of nitric oxide (NO), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by splenic cells restimulated ex vivo with L. infantum antigens. In parallel, there was an increase in the number of Th1 and Th17 T cells in the spleens of IL-32γTg mice infected with L. infantum IL-32γ induction of IFN-γ and IL-17A expression was found to be essential for NO production by splenic cells of infected animals. These data indicate that IL-32γ potentiates the Th1/Th17 immune response during experimental VL, thus contributing to the control of L. infantum infection.
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27
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Khawar MB, Mukhtar M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. IL-32θ: a recently identified anti-inflammatory variant of IL-32 and its preventive role in various disorders and tumor suppressor activity. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4726-4737. [PMID: 29218075 PMCID: PMC5714761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 theta (IL-32θ) is newly identified isoform of IL-32 which plays a vital role in inflammatory responses. Like IL-32α and IL-32β, IL-32θ isoform acts as an intracellular inflammatory modulator. It results in reduction of IL-1β production by attenuating the expression of PU.1 and inhibition of monocytes differentiation into macrophages. IL-32θ hinders TNF-α expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK and inhibitor of κB (IκB) as well. It also reserved STAT3-ZEB1 pathway leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Hence, it can be concluded that IL-32θ is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can act as a tumor suppressor and can play vital role in colon cancer therapies. IL-32θ also plays a crucial role in immune system responses and cellular differentiation during disease pathogenesis. To our best knowledge this is the first ever review to condense the importance, precise mode of action in disease progression and latent remedial implications of IL-32θ in several inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of The Punjab87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan
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28
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Damen MS, Popa CD, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LA. Interleukin-32 in chronic inflammatory conditions is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis 2017; 264:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Ha YJ, Park JS, Kang MI, Lee SK, Park YB, Lee SW. Increased serum interleukin-32 levels in patients with Behçet's disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 21:2167-2174. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam-si South Korea
| | - Jin-Su Park
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital; Goyang-si South Korea
| | - Mi-il Kang
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Dankook University College of Medicine; Cheonan South Korea
| | - Soo-Kon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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30
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Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a novel cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer development. IL-32 gene consists of eight small exons, and IL-32 mRNA has nine alternative spliced isoforms, and was thought to be secreted because it contains an internal signal sequence and lacks a transmembrane region. IL-32 is initially expressed selectively in activated T cells by mitogen and activated NK cells and their expression is strongly augmented by microbes, mitogens, and other cytokines. The IL-32 is induced mainly by pathogens and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but IL-32 is more prominent in immune cells than in non-immune tissues. The IL-32 transcript is expressed in various human tissues and organs such as the spleen, thymus, leukocyte, lung, small intestine, colon, prostate, heart, placenta, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. Cytokines are critical components of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and a variety of other physiological functions. Earlier studies have demonstrated that IL-32 regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and is therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of inflammatory diseases. Previous studies defined that IL-32 is upregulated in the patients with several inflammatory diseases, and is induced by inflammatory responses. However, several reports suggested that IL-32 is downregulated in several inflammatory diseases including asthma, HIV infection disease, neuronal diseases, metabolic disorders, experimental colitis and metabolic disorders. IL-32 is also involved in various cancer malignancies including renal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colon cancer and thyroid carcinoma. Other studies suggested that IL-32 decreases tumor development including cervical cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, review articles that discuss the roles and its mechanism of IL-32 isoforms focusing on the therapeutic approaches have not yet been reported. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding IL-32 in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32. Moreover, we will suggest that IL-32 could be the target of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting IL-32 may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Research and Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Lab 260, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Lopes MR, Pereira JKN, de Melo Campos P, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Saad STO, Favaro P. De novo AML exhibits greater microenvironment dysregulation compared to AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40707. [PMID: 28084439 PMCID: PMC5234038 DOI: 10.1038/srep40707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and malignant hematopoietic cells can result in the protection of leukemia cells from chemotherapy in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We, herein, characterized the changes in cytokine expression and the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in patients with MDS, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC), a well-recognized clinical subtype of secondary AML, and de novo AML. We observed a significant inhibitory effect of MDS-MSC on T lymphocyte proliferation and no significant differences in any of the cytokines tested. AML-MSC inhibited T-cell proliferation only at a very low MSC/T cell ratio. When compared to the control, AML-MRCderived MSC presented a significant increase in IL6 expression, whereas de novo AML MSC presented a significant increase in the expression levels of VEGFA, CXCL12, RPGE2, IDO, IL1β, IL6 and IL32, followed by a decrease in IL10 expression. Furthermore, data indicate that IL-32 regulates stromal cell proliferation, has a chemotactic potential and participates in stromal cell crosstalk with leukemia cells, which could result in chemoresistance. Our results suggest that the differences between AML-MRC and de novo AML also extend into the leukemic stem cell niche and that IL-32 can participate in the regulation of the bone marrow cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Novais Pereira
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Jung YY, Katila N, Neupane S, Shadfar S, Ojha U, Bhurtel S, Srivastav S, Son DJ, Park PH, Yoon DY, Hong JT, Choi DY. Enhanced dopaminergic neurotoxicity mediated by MPTP in IL-32β transgenic mice. Neurochem Int 2016; 102:79-88. [PMID: 27956238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by prominent loss of the nigral dopaminergic neurons and motor symptoms, such as resting tremor and bradykinesia. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may play a critical role in PD pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-32 is a newly-identified proinflammatory cytokine, which regulates innate and adaptive immune responses by activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. The cytokine has been implicated in cancers and autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. In this study, we attempted to identify the effects of IL-32β on dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), using IL-32β transgenic mice. Male wild type and IL-32β transgenic mice received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or MPTP (15 mg/kg × 4). Immunohistochemistry showed that overexpression of IL-32β significantly increased MPTP-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and deletion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers in the striatum. Dopamine depletion in the striatum and deficit in locomotor activity were enhanced in IL-32β transgenic mice. These results were accompanied by higher neuroinflammatory responses in the brains of transgenic mice. Finally, we found that IL-32β exaggerated MPTP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, which have been shown to be involved in MPTP neurotoxicity. These results suggest that IL-32β exacerbates MPTP neurotoxicity through enhanced neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yeon Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwang Yang Health College, Gwangyang 57764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabita Neupane
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sina Shadfar
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Uttam Ojha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunil Srivastav
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Park MH, Yoon DY, Ban JO, Kim DH, Lee DH, Song S, Kim Y, Han SB, Lee HP, Hong JT. Decreased severity of collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis in human IL-32β overexpressed transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38566-77. [PMID: 26497686 PMCID: PMC4770721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32, mainly produced by T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, epithelial cells, and blood monocytes, is dominantly known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, the role of IL-32 on inflammatory disease has been doubtful according to diverse conflicting results. This study was designed to examine the role of IL-32β on the development of collagen antibody (CAIA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory arthritis. Our data showed that the paw swelling volume and clinical score were significantly reduced in the CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice compared with non-transgenic mice. The populations of cytotoxic T, NK and dendritic cells was inhibited and NF-κB and STAT3 activities were significantly lowered in the CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins was prevented in the paw tissues of CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice. In addition, IL-32β altered several cytokine levels in the blood, spleen and paw joint. Our data indicates that IL-32β comprehensively inhibits the inflammation responses in the CAIA and LPS-induced inflammatory arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Immunobiochemistry, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong 1, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Ban
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Öngöz Dede F, Balli U, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Güven B. Interleukin-32 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis after periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:397-407. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Öngöz Dede
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Ordu University; Ordu Turkey
| | - U. Balli
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Ş. Bozkurt Doğan
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Yıldırım Beyazıt University; Ankara Turkey
| | - B. Güven
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biochemistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
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IL-32: A Novel Pluripotent Inflammatory Interleukin, towards Gastric Inflammation, Gastric Cancer, and Chronic Rhino Sinusitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8413768. [PMID: 27143819 PMCID: PMC4837279 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8413768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast variety of nonstructural proteins have been studied for their key roles and involvement in a number of biological phenomenona. Interleukin-32 is a novel cytokine whose presence has been confirmed in most of the mammals except rodents. The IL-32 gene was identified on human chromosome 16 p13.3. The gene has eight exons and nine splice variants, namely, IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ, IL-32ε, IL-32ζ, IL-32η, IL-32θ, and IL-32s. It was found to induce the expression of various inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and has been reported previously to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of a number of inflammatory disorders, namely, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastric inflammation and cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the current review, we have highlighted the involvement of IL-32 in gastric cancer, gastric inflammation, and chronic rhinosinusitis. We have also tried to explore various mechanisms suspected to induce the expression of this extraordinary cytokine as well as various mechanisms of action employed by IL-32 during the mediation and progression of the above said problems.
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IL-32θ inhibits monocytic differentiation of leukemia cells by attenuating expression of transcription factor PU.1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4394-405. [PMID: 25726525 PMCID: PMC4414198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PU.1 is a key transcription factor regulating the myeloid differentiation. PU.1-induced monocytic differentiation into macrophage is also important for blood cancer development. Therefore, we chose THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells to investigate the function of a recently discovered IL-32θ. Genetic analyses identified differences in the sequences of IL-32θ and IL-32β. Using previously established cell lines that stably express IL-32θ and IL-32β and cell lines transiently expressing IL-32θ, we observed that expression of IL-32θ inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced monocytic differentiation in both THP-1 and HL-60 cells. IL-32θ also suppressed expression of the macrophage cell surface markers, CD11b, CD18, and CD36. Interestingly, expression of IL-32β or IL-32θ had no effect on the expression levels of cell cycle related factors. As a result, we concluded that these isoforms did not contribute to PMA-induced cell cycle arrest. IL-32θ was found to modulate expression of PU.1, a transcription factor necessary for myeloid lineage commitment. Transient expression of PU.1 in THP-1/IL-32θ cells rescued the observed differentiation defect. Additionally, transient expression of both CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and PU.1 in THP-1/IL-32θ cells exhibited synergistic effects in rescuing the differentiation defect. These observations indicate that intracellular IL-32θ inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages by attenuating PU.1 expression.
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Kim MS, Kang JW, Jeon JS, Kim JK, Kim JW, Hong J, Yoon DY. IL-32θ gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia suppresses TNF-α production. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40747-61. [PMID: 26516703 PMCID: PMC4747366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is highly expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been demonstrated to induce rapid proliferation of leukemic blasts. Thus suppressing the production of TNF-α is important because TNF-α can auto-regulate own expression through activation of NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this study, we focused on the inhibitory effect of IL-32θ on TNF-α production in acute myeloid leukemia. Approximately 38% of patients with AML express endogenous IL-32θ, which is not expressed in healthy individuals. Furthermore, plasma samples were classified into groups with or without IL-32θ; then, we measured proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. TNF-α production was not increased in patients with IL-32θ expression than that in the no-IL-32θ group. Using an IL-32θ stable expression system in leukemia cell lines, we found that IL-32θ attenuated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced TNF-α production. IL-32θ inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, inhibitor of κB (IκB), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which are key positive regulators of TNF-α expression, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Moreover, the presence of IL-32θ attenuated TNF-α promoter activity and the binding of NF-κB with the TNF-α promoter. In addition, IL-32γ-induced TNF-α production has no correlation with inhibition of TNF-α via IL-32θ expression. Thus, IL-32θ may serve as a potent inhibitor of TNF-α in patients with AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Young Adult
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Seegene Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Dankook University College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Human IL-32 expression protects mice against a hypervirulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5111-6. [PMID: 25820174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424302112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of interleukin-32 (IL-32) in a differentiated human promonocytic cell line impairs killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) but the role of IL-32 in vivo against MTB remains unknown. To study the effects of IL-32 in vivo, a transgenic mouse was generated in which the human IL-32γ gene is expressed using the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-IL-32γTg). Wild-type and SPC-IL-32γTg mice were infected with a low-dose aerosol of a hypervirulent strain of MTB (W-Beijing HN878). At 30 and 60 d after infection, the transgenic mice had 66% and 85% fewer MTB in the lungs and 49% and 68% fewer MTB in the spleens, respectively; the transgenic mice also exhibited greater survival. Increased numbers of host-protective innate and adaptive immune cells were present in SPC-IL-32γTg mice, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) positive lung macrophages and dendritic cells, and IFN-gamma (IFNγ) and TNFα positive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Alveolar macrophages from transgenic mice infected with MTB ex vivo had reduced bacterial burden and increased colocalization of green fluorescent protein-labeled MTB with lysosomes. Furthermore, mouse macrophages made to express IL-32γ but not the splice variant IL-32β were better able to limit MTB growth than macrophages capable of producing both. The lungs of patients with tuberculosis showed increased IL-32 expression, particularly in macrophages of granulomas and airway epithelial cells but also B cells and T cells. We conclude that IL-32γ enhances host immunity to MTB.
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Khawar B, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. A panoramic spectrum of complex interplay between the immune system and IL-32 during pathogenesis of various systemic infections and inflammation. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:7. [PMID: 25626592 PMCID: PMC4322809 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines have always been of great interest due to their vast potential and participation in the progression and pathogenesis of various ailments. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a recently identified cytokine, whose gene is located on human chromosome 16 p13.3, with eight exons and six splice variants (IL-32α to IL-32ζ). IL-32α, the most abundant form, is secreted by different types of cells including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. It acts as a preferential mediator and effector of abnormal immune responses to multiple inflammatory and auto immune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), etc. It was found to stimulate the induction of various chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Hence, IL-32 mediates the crucial interplay among immune system and body cells during pathogenesis of various insults. The aim of the present effort is to summarize the role, mechanism of pathogenesis and potential therapeutic applications of IL-32 in different systemic infections and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Khawar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Department of Zoology, Governments. College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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IL-32θ downregulates CCL5 expression through its interaction with PKCδ and STAT3. Cell Signal 2014; 26:3007-15. [PMID: 25280942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) exists in several isoforms and plays an important role in inflammatory response. Recently, we identified a new isoform, IL-32θ, and performed a microarray analysis to identify IL-32θ-regulated genes in THP-1 myelomonocytic cells. Upon stimulating IL-32θ-expressing THP-1 cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), we found that the CCL5 transcript level was significantly reduced. We confirmed the downregulation of CCL5 protein expression by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Because STAT3 phosphorylation on Ser727 by PKCδ is reported to suppress CCL5 protein expression, we examined whether IL-32θ-mediated STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation occurs through an interaction with PKCδ. In this study, we first demonstrate that IL-32θ interacts with PKCδ and STAT3 using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and pulldown assay. Moreover, STAT3 was rarely phosphorylated on Ser727 in the absence of IL-32θ, leading to the binding of STAT3 to the CCL5 promoter. These results indicate that IL-32θ, through its interaction with PKCδ, downregulates CCL5 expression by mediating the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Ser727 to render it transcriptionally inactive. Therefore, similar to what we have reported for IL-32α and IL-32β, our data from this study suggests that the newly identified IL-32θ isoform also acts as an intracellular modulator of inflammation.
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Park YS, Kang JW, Lee DH, Kim MS, Bak Y, Yang Y, Lee HG, Hong J, Yoon DY. Interleukin-32α modulates promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger gene activity by inhibiting protein kinase Cɛ-dependent sumoylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Park YS, Kang JW, Lee DH, Kim MS, Bak Y, Yang Y, Lee HG, Hong J, Yoon DY. Interleukin-32α downregulates the activity of the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 protein by inhibiting protein kinase Cε-dependent SUMO-2 modification. Oncotarget 2014; 5:8765-77. [PMID: 25245533 PMCID: PMC4226720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 acts as an intracellular mediator. IL-32α interacts with many intracellular molecules, but there are no reports of interaction with a transcriptional repressor BCL6. In this study, we showed that PMA induces an interaction between IL-32α, PKCε, and BCL6, forming a trimer. To identify the mechanism of the interaction, we treated cells with various inhibitors. In HEK293 and THP-1 cell lines, treatment with a pan-PKC inhibitor, PKCε inhibitor, and PKCδ inhibitor decreased BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. MAPK inhibitors and classical PKC inhibitor did not decrease PMA-induced BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. Further, the pan-PKC inhibitor and PKCε inhibitor disrupted PMA-induced interaction between IL-32α and BCL6. These data demonstrate that the intracellular interaction between IL-32α and BCL6 is induced by PMA-activated PKCε. PMA induces post-translational modification of BCL6 by conjugation to SUMO-2, while IL-32α inhibits. PKCε inhibition eliminated PMA-induced SUMOylation of BCL6. Inhibition of BCL6 SUMOylation by IL-32α affected the cellular function and activity of the transcriptional repressor BCL6 in THP-1 cells. Thus, we showed that IL-32α is a negative regulator of the transcriptional repressor BCL6. IL-32α inhibits BCL6 SUMOylation by activating PKCε, resulting in the modulation of BCL6 target genes and cellular functions of BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - JinTae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang JW, Park YS, Kim MS, Lee DH, Bak Y, Ham SY, Song YS, Hong JT, Yoon DY. IL-32α down-regulates β2 integrin (CD18) expression by suppressing PU.1 expression in myeloid cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim MS, Kang JW, Lee DH, Bak Y, Park YS, Song YS, Ham SY, Oh DK, Hong J, Yoon DY. IL-32θ negatively regulates IL-1β production through its interaction with PKCδ and the inhibition of PU.1 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2822-9. [PMID: 24996056 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been well known that IL-32 exerts pro-inflammatory effects on the various inflammatory diseases in clinical studies. Here, we confirmed that IL-32θ, a new isoform of IL-32, decreased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced IL-1β expression in THP-1 human myelomonocyte. We previously reported that the IL-32 isoforms control expressions of other cytokines via novel PKCs. Likewise, IL-32θ interacted with PKCδ, and consequently inhibited PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of PU.1. Moreover, IL-32θ attenuated the localization of PU.1 into the IL-1β promoter region. These findings reveal that IL-32θ reduces PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of PU.1, resulting in attenuation of IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Ham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gashin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-463, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and has an anti-inflammatory activity : Potential interest for the skin barrier function. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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47
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Bang BR, Kwon HS, Kim SH, Yoon SY, Choi JD, Hong GH, Park S, Kim TB, Moon HB, Cho YS. Interleukin-32γ Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mouse Models of Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1021-30. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0234oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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48
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Reducing Effect of IL-32α in the Development of Stroke Through Blocking of NF-κB, but Enhancement of STAT3 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:648-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Galdino H, Maldaner AE, Pessoni LL, Soriani FM, Pereira LIDA, Pinto SA, Duarte FB, Gomes CM, Fleuri AKA, Dorta ML, de Oliveira MAP, Teixeira MM, Batista AC, Joosten LAB, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro-Dias F. Interleukin 32γ (IL-32γ) is highly expressed in cutaneous and mucosal lesions of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis patients: association with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-10. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:249. [PMID: 24884781 PMCID: PMC4026597 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by immune and non-immune cells. It can be induced during bacterial and viral infections, but its production was never investigated in protozoan infections. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is caused by Leishmania protozoan leading to cutaneous, nasal or oral lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IL-32 in cutaneous and mucosal lesions as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Methods IL-32, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-10 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in cutaneous, mucosal lesions and compared to healthy specimens. The isoforms of IL-32α, β, δ, γ mRNA, TNF mRNA and IL-10 mRNA were assessed by qPCR in tissue biopsies of lesions and healthy skin and mucosa. In addition, PBMC from healthy donors were cultured with amastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis. In lesions, the parasite subgenus was identified by PCR-RFLP. Results We showed that the mRNA expression of IL-32, in particular IL-32γ was similarly up-regulated in lesions of cutaneous (CL) or mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis patients. IL-32 protein was produced by epithelial, endothelial, mononuclear cells and giant cells. The IL-32 protein expression was associated with TNF in ML but not in CL. IL-32 was not associated with IL-10 in both CL and ML. Expression of TNF mRNA was higher in ML than in CL lesions, however levels of IL-10 mRNA were similar in both clinical forms. In all lesions in which the parasite was detected, L. (Viannia) subgenus was identified. Interestingly, L. (V.) braziliensis induced only IL-32γ mRNA expression in PBMC from healthy individuals. Conclusions These data suggest that IL-32 plays a major role in the inflammatory process caused by L. (Viannia) sp or that IL-32 is crucial for controlling the L. (Viannia) sp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Healthy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 S/N - Setor Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil.
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Kang JW, Park YS, Lee DH, Kim MS, Bak Y, Ham SY, Park SH, Kim H, Ahn JH, Hong JT, Yoon DY. Interaction network mapping among IL-32 isoforms. Biochimie 2014; 101:248-51. [PMID: 24472437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-32 has been studied for its pleiotropic effects ranging from host immune responses to cell differentiation. Although several IL-32 isoforms have been characterized for their effects on cells, the roles of the others remain unclear. We previously reported that IL-32δ interacted with IL-32β and inhibited IL-32β-mediated IL-10 production. Thus, we performed comprehensive analyses to reveal more interactions between IL-32 isoforms in this study. We screened the interactions of 81 combinations of nine IL-32 isoforms by using a yeast two-hybrid assay, which identified 13 heterodimeric interactions. We verified these results by using reciprocal immunoprecipitation assays and reconfirmed 10 interactions, and presented the interaction network map between IL-32 isoforms. Our data suggest that IL-32 may have diverse intracellular effects through the interactions with its different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Ham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ho Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gashin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-463, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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