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Balraj P, Ambhore NS, Ramakrishnan YS, Borkar NA, Banerjee P, Reza MI, Varadharajan S, Kumar A, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Kisspeptin/KISS1R Signaling Modulates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:507-518. [PMID: 38512807 PMCID: PMC11160419 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0469oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a cardinal feature of asthma, associated with increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell mass and upregulation of extracellular matrix deposition. Exaggerated ASM cell migration contributes to excessive ASM mass. Previously, we demonstrated the alleviating role of Kp (kisspeptin) receptor (KISS1R) activation by Kp-10 in mitogen (PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor])-induced human ASM cell proliferation in vitro and airway remodeling in vivo in a mouse model of asthma. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which KISS1R activation regulates mitogen-induced ASM cell migration. KISS1R activation using Kp-10 significantly inhibited PDGF-induced ASM cell migration, further confirmed using KISS1R shRNA. Furthermore, KISS1R activation modulated F/G actin dynamics and the expression of promigration proteins like CDC42 (cell division control protein 42) and cofilin. Mechanistically, we observed reduced ASM RhoA-GTPAse with KISS1R activation. The antimigratory effect of KISS1R was abolished by PKA (protein kinase A)-inhibitory peptide. Conversely, KISS1R activation significantly increased cAMP and phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) in PDGF-exposed ASM cells. Overall, these results highlight the alleviating properties of Kp-10 in the context of airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premanand Balraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | | | | | | | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Subashini Varadharajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
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Omar MH, Kihiu M, Byrne DP, Lee KS, Lakey TM, Butcher E, Eyers PA, Scott JD. Classification of Cushing's syndrome PKAc mutants based upon their ability to bind PKI. Biochem J 2023; 480:875-890. [PMID: 37306403 PMCID: PMC11136536 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by excess production of the stress hormone cortisol. Precision medicine strategies have identified single allele mutations within the PRKACA gene that drive adrenal Cushing's syndrome. These mutations promote perturbations in the catalytic core of protein kinase A (PKAc) that impair autoinhibition by regulatory subunits and compartmentalization via recruitment into AKAP signaling islands. PKAcL205R is found in ∼45% of patients, whereas PKAcE31V, PKAcW196R, and L198insW and C199insV insertion mutants are less prevalent. Mass spectrometry, cellular, and biochemical data indicate that Cushing's PKAc variants fall into two categories: those that interact with the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor PKI, and those that do not. In vitro activity measurements show that wild-type PKAc and W196R activities are strongly inhibited by PKI (IC50 < 1 nM). In contrast, PKAcL205R activity is not blocked by the inhibitor. Immunofluorescent analyses show that the PKI-binding variants wild-type PKAc, E31V, and W196R are excluded from the nucleus and protected against proteolytic processing. Thermal stability measurements reveal that upon co-incubation with PKI and metal-bound nucleotide, the W196R variant tolerates melting temperatures 10°C higher than PKAcL205. Structural modeling maps PKI-interfering mutations to a ∼20 Å diameter area at the active site of the catalytic domain that interfaces with the pseudosubstrate of PKI. Thus, Cushing's kinases are individually controlled, compartmentalized, and processed through their differential association with PKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H. Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Maryanne Kihiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Dominic P. Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Tyler M. Lakey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Erik Butcher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Patrick A. Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - John D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
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3
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Trecourt A, Macagno N, Ngo C, Philip CA, Lopez J, Ferreira J, Alves-Vale C, Ray-Coquard I, Genestie C, Agaimy A, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M. CREB fusion-associated epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasms of the female adnexa: three cases documenting a novel location of an emerging entity and further highlighting an ambiguous misleading immunophenotype. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03546-1. [PMID: 37097347 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
EWSR1/FUS-CREB-rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms are an emerging heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors that encompasses low-grade lesions (angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma/AFH) and a group of predominantly intra-abdominal aggressive sarcomas with epithelioid morphology and frequent keratin expression. Both entities occasionally harbor EWSR1::ATF1 fusions as alternate to the more frequent EWSR1/FUS::CREB1/CREM fusions. Although EWSR1/FUS-CREB-rearranged epithelioid malignant neoplasms have been described in diverse intra-abdominal sites, none involved the female adnexa. Herein, we describe three cases involving uterine adnexa in young females (41, 39, and 42-year-old); two associated with constitutional inflammatory symptoms. The tumors presented as a serosal surface mass of the ovary without parenchymal involvement (Case 1), as circumscribed nodule within ovarian parenchyma (Case 2), and as a periadnexal mass extending into the lateral uterine wall with lymph node metastasis (Case 3). They were composed of sheets and nests of large epithelioid cells with numerous stromal lymphocytes and plasma cells. The neoplastic cells expressed desmin and EMA, and variably WT1. One tumor expressed in addition AE1/AE3, MUC4, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and ALK. None expressed sex cord-associated markers. RNA sequencing identified EWSR1::ATF1 fusions in two cases and an EWSR1::CREM fusion in one. Exome-based RNA capture sequencing and clustering methods showed high transcriptomic proximity of tumor 1 with soft tissue AFH. This novel subset of female adnexal neoplasms should be included in the differential diagnosis of any epithelioid neoplasm involving female adnexa. Their aberrant immunophenotype can be misleading, underlining a wide spectrum of differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Trecourt
- Department of Pathology - Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69495 Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Department of Pathology, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, APHM MMG, UMR1251, Marmara Institute, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Ngo
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles-André Philip
- Department of Gynecology, Hospices Civils de Lyon -Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patologica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil Rua Prof.Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Alves-Vale
- Department of Pathology, CUF Descobertas Hospital, CUF Oncologia, 1998-018, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology -Centre Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69008, Lyon, France
| | | | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Department of Pathology - Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69495 Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
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4
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Keller DM, Perez IG. Dual regulation of miR-375 and CREM genes in pancreatic beta cells. Islets 2022; 14:139-148. [PMID: 35377267 PMCID: PMC8986308 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is upregulated in the islets of some diabetics and is correlated with poor outcome. Previous work in our laboratory showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) reduces miR-375 expression and could provide a way to restore normal miR-375 levels, however the transcription repression mechanism is unknown. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay we show that cAMP response element modulator (CREM) binds to the miR-375 promoter 3-fold above background and we find that CREM represses transcription from the miR-375 promoter 1.8-fold. While investigating miR-375 target genes we discovered that several microRNA:mRNA target prediction algorithms listed human CREM as a target gene of miR-375. The predicted binding site is conserved in primates but not in other species. We found that indeed miR-375 binds to the predicted site on human CREM and represses translation of a green fluorescent protein reporter gene by 30%. These findings suggest a primate-specific double-negative feedback loop, a mechanism that would keep these important β-cell regulators in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Keller
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, USA
- CONTACT David M. Keller Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, 900 W. 1st St, Chico, CA95929 linkedin.com/in/keller-david-6529485b
| | - Isis G. Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, USA
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5
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Lerario AM, Mohan DR, Hammer GD. Update on Biology and Genomics of Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Rationale for Emerging Therapies. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1051-1073. [PMID: 35551369 PMCID: PMC9695111 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal glands are paired endocrine organs that produce steroid hormones and catecholamines required for life. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer of the peripheral domain of the gland, the adrenal cortex. Recent research in adrenal development, homeostasis, and disease have refined our understanding of the cellular and molecular programs controlling cortical growth and renewal, uncovering crucial clues into how physiologic programs are hijacked in early and late stages of malignant neoplasia. Alongside these studies, genome-wide approaches to examine adrenocortical tumors have transformed our understanding of ACC biology, and revealed that ACC is composed of distinct molecular subtypes associated with favorable, intermediate, and dismal clinical outcomes. The homogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs prevailing in each ACC subtype suggest likely susceptibility to any of a plethora of existing and novel targeted agents, with the caveat that therapeutic response may ultimately be limited by cancer cell plasticity. Despite enormous biomedical research advances in the last decade, the only potentially curative therapy for ACC to date is primary surgical resection, and up to 75% of patients will develop metastatic disease refractory to standard-of-care adjuvant mitotane and cytotoxic chemotherapy. A comprehensive, integrated, and current bench-to-bedside understanding of our field's investigations into adrenocortical physiology and neoplasia is crucial to developing novel clinical tools and approaches to equip the one-in-a-million patient fighting this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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6
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Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou, ; Vicente E. Torres,
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7
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Omar MH, Byrne DP, Jones KN, Lakey TM, Collins KB, Lee KS, Daly LA, Forbush KA, Lau HT, Golkowski M, McKnight GS, Breault DT, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Eyers CE, Baird GS, Ong SE, Smith FD, Eyers PA, Scott JD. Mislocalization of protein kinase A drives pathology in Cushing's syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111073. [PMID: 35830806 PMCID: PMC9311266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc) drive the stress hormone disorder adrenal Cushing's syndrome. We define mechanisms of action for the PKAc-L205R and W196R variants. Proximity proteomic techniques demonstrate that both Cushing's mutants are excluded from A kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP)-signaling islands, whereas live-cell photoactivation microscopy reveals that these kinase mutants indiscriminately diffuse throughout the cell. Only cAMP analog drugs that displace native PKAc from AKAPs enhance cortisol release. Rescue experiments that incorporate PKAc mutants into AKAP complexes abolish cortisol overproduction, indicating that kinase anchoring restores normal endocrine function. Analyses of adrenal-specific PKAc-W196R knockin mice and Cushing's syndrome patient tissue reveal defective signaling mechanisms of the disease. Surprisingly each Cushing's mutant engages a different mitogenic-signaling pathway, with upregulation of YAP/TAZ by PKAc-L205R and ERK kinase activation by PKAc-W196R. Thus, aberrant spatiotemporal regulation of each Cushing's variant promotes the transmission of distinct downstream pathogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kiana N Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tyler M Lakey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leonard A Daly
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Katherine A Forbush
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ho-Tak Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martin Golkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geoffrey S Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F Donelson Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Evangelou Z, Linos K. Nevus, melanoma or something else? Mesenchymal neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:747-759. [PMID: 35338512 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of cutaneous neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation are nevi, melanomas and more rarely melanocytomas. Nevertheless, there is also a group of mesenchymal neoplasms with genuine melanocytic differentiation which can create diagnostic difficulties with significant repercussions. These can rarely present as primary or metastatic cutaneous lesions. Theones that are relevant to a dermatopathologist include malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor, perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm and clear cell sarcoma. This work will provide a thorough review of clinical presentation, morphologic and immunohistochemical features as well as molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. We hope to familiarize the general dermatopathology readership with a group of neoplasms of mesenchymal lineage exhibiting melanocytic differentiation and ultimately avoid diagnostic misadventures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Evangelou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Pitsava G, Stratakis CA. Adrenal hyperplasias in childhood: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937793. [PMID: 35992119 PMCID: PMC9382287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical hyperplasias are rare; they usually present with Cushing syndrome (CS); of them, isolated micronodular adrenal disease and its variant, primary pigmented adrenocortical disease are the most commonly encountered. Most cases are due to defects in the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway, although a few cases remain without an identified genetic defect. Another cause of adrenal hyperplasia in childhood is congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of autosomal recessive disorders that affect steroidogenic enzymes in the adrenal cortex. Clinical presentation varies and depends on the extent of the underlying enzymatic defect. The most common form is due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency; it accounts for more than 90% of the cases. In this article, we discuss the genetic etiology of adrenal hyperplasias in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pitsava
- Division of Intramural Research, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Georgia Pitsava,
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Human Genetics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- ELPEN Research Institute, ELPEN, Athens, Greece
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Dang L, Geng M, Sun Y, Lu Y, Fang Z, Xiong H, Chen Y. Integrative Cistromic and Transcriptomic Analyses Identify CREB Target Genes in Cystic Renal Epithelial Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2529-2541. [PMID: 34162733 PMCID: PMC8722786 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide mapping of transcription factor (TF) binding sites is essential to identify a TF's direct target genes in kidney development and diseases. However, due to the cellular complexity of the kidney and limited numbers of a given cell type, it has been challenging to determine the binding sites of a TF in vivo. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is phosphorylated and hyperactive in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We focus on CREB as an example to profile genomic loci bound by a TF and to identify its target genes using low numbers of specific kidney cells. METHODS Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) assays were performed with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA)-positive tubular epithelial cells from normal and ADPKD mouse kidneys. Pharmacologic inhibition of CREB with 666-15 and genetic inhibition with A-CREB were undertaken using ADPKD mouse models. RESULTS CUT&RUN to profile genome-wide distribution of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) indicated correlation of p-CREB binding with active histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) in cystic epithelial cells. Integrative analysis with CUT&RUN and RNA-sequencing revealed CREB direct targets, including genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of CREB suppressed cyst growth in ADPKD mouse models. CONCLUSIONS CREB promotes cystogenesis by activating ribosome biogenesis genes. CUT&RUN, coupled with transcriptomic analysis, enables interrogation of TF binding and identification of direct TF targets from a low number of specific kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjing Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Dang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meijuan Geng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhan Sun
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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12
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Loza-Valdes A, Mayer AE, Kassouf T, Trujillo-Viera J, Schmitz W, Dziaczkowski F, Leitges M, Schlosser A, Sumara G. A phosphoproteomic approach reveals that PKD3 controls PKA-mediated glucose and tyrosine metabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000863. [PMID: 34145024 PMCID: PMC8321662 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) regulates hepatic metabolism in a PKA-dependent manner and reveals many other putative PKD3 targets in the liver. Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family (PKD1, 2, and 3) integrate hormonal and nutritional inputs to regulate complex cellular metabolism. Despite the fact that a number of functions have been annotated to particular PKDs, their molecular targets are relatively poorly explored. PKD3 promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses lipogenesis in the liver of animals fed a high-fat diet. However, its substrates are largely unknown. Here we applied proteomic approaches to determine PKD3 targets. We identified more than 300 putative targets of PKD3. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that PKD3 regulates cAMP-dependent PKA activity, a master regulator of the hepatic response to glucagon and fasting. PKA regulates glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in the liver, by targeting key enzymes in the respective processes. Among them the PKA targets phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Consistently, we showed that PKD3 is activated by glucagon and promotes glucose and tyrosine levels in hepatocytes. Therefore, our data indicate that PKD3 might play a role in the hepatic response to glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Loza-Valdes
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toufic Kassouf
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo-Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Tier 1, Canada Research Chair in Cell Signaling and Translational Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Craig L Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Science Centre, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany .,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Zavala-Barrera C, Del-Río-Robles JE, García-Jiménez I, Egusquiza-Alvarez CA, Hernández-Maldonado JP, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes Rab27B expression and activity to control secretion in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119026. [PMID: 33845096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotactic and angiogenic factors secreted within the tumor microenvironment eventually facilitate the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activates secretory pathways in breast cancer cells via a mechanism driven by vesicular trafficking of this receptor. However, it remains to be elucidated how endosomal proteins in secretory vesicles are controlled by CaSR. In the present study, we demonstrate that CaSR promotes expression of Rab27B and activates this secretory small GTPase via PI3K, PKA, mTOR and MADD, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, also known as DENN/Rab3GEP. Active Rab27B leads secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES. Expression of Rab27B is stimulated by CaSR in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast epithelial cancer cells, but not in non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. This regulatory mechanism also occurs in HeLa and PC3 cells. Our findings provide insightful information regarding how CaSR activates a Rab27B-dependent mechanism to control secretion of factors known to intervene in paracrine communication circuits within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Zavala-Barrera
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eduardo Del-Río-Robles
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irving García-Jiménez
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Departments of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Tanski D, Skowronska A, Tanska M, Lepiarczyk E, Skowronski MT. The In Vitro Effect of Steroid Hormones, Arachidonic Acid, and Kinases Inhibitors on Aquaporin 1, 2, 5, and 7 Gene Expression in the Porcine Uterine Luminal Epithelial Cells during the Estrous Cycle. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040832. [PMID: 33917112 PMCID: PMC8067835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins, which play an important role in water homeostasis in the uterus. According to the literature, the expression of aquaporins in reproductive structures depends on the local hormonal milieu. The current study investigated the effect of selected PKA kinase inhibitor H89 and MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059, on the expression of AQP1, 2, 5, and 7, and steroid hormones (E2), progesterone (P4), and arachidonic acid (AA) in the porcine endometrium on days 18–20 and 2–4 of the estrous cycle (the follicular phase where estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted increasingly in preparation for estrus and the luteal phase where the ovarian follicles begin the process of luteinization with the formation of the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion, respectively). The luminal epithelial cells were incubated in vitro in the presence of the aforementioned factors. The expression of mRNA was determined by the quantitative real-time PCR technique. In general, in Experiment 1, steroid hormones significantly increased expression of AQP1, 2, and 5 while arachidonic acid increased expression of AQP2 and AQP7. On the other hand, MAPK kinase inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of AQP1 and 5. In Experiment 2, E2, P4, or AA combined with kinase inhibitors differentially affected on AQPs expression. E2 in combination with PKA inhibitor significantly decreased expression of AQP1 but E2 or P4 combined with this inhibitor increased the expression of AQP5 and 7. On the contrary, E2 with PD98059 significantly increased AQP5 and AQP7 expression. Progesterone in combination with MAPK kinase inhibitor significantly downregulated the expression of AQP5 and upregulated AQP7. Arachidonic acid mixed with H89 or PD98059 caused a decrease in the expression of AQP5 and an increase of AQP7. The obtained results indicate that estradiol, progesterone, and arachidonic acid through PKA and MAPK signaling pathways regulate the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the porcine luminal epithelial cells in the periovulatory period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tanski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Malgorzata Tanska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowronski
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (M.T.S.)
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15
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Ma J, Wei H, Li X, Qu X. Hsa-miR-149-5p Suppresses Prostate Carcinoma Malignancy by Suppressing RGS17. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2773-2783. [PMID: 33790651 PMCID: PMC8007479 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s281968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the progression of human cancers. While several miRNAs have been reported to regulate the development of tumors, the molecular mechanisms and roles of miR-149-5p in prostate carcinoma (PCa) remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the interaction and functions of miR-149-5p and RGS17 in PCa. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify the key miRNA and gene involved in PCa progression. The expression levels of miRNA and mRNA in PCa tissues and cells were verified by qRT-PCR. MTT assay, BrdU proliferation assay and wound-healing assay were applied to assess the effect of miR-149-5p and RGS17 on PCa cells’ viability, proliferation, and migration ability. The association between RGS17 and miR-149-5p was identify using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot assay. Results Data analysis indicated the reduction of miR-149-5p expression in PCa tissues and cells. Experimental investigations also showed that this miRNA suppressed the viability, proliferation and migration ability of PCa cells. RGS17 was found to be the target of miR-149-5p, and the low expression of miR-149-5p upregulated RGS17 in PCa tissues and cells. The results of the cell-function assays showed that RGS17 acted as an oncogene in PCa even though its promotive effect could be reversed by miR-149-5p. Conclusion This research confirmed that by targeting and inhibiting RGS17, miR-149-5p could suppress PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Wei
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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16
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Polumuri S, Perkins DJ, Vogel SN. cAMP levels regulate macrophage alternative activation marker expression. Innate Immun 2020; 27:133-142. [PMID: 33241977 PMCID: PMC7882807 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920975082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity for macrophages to polarize into distinct functional activation states (e.g., M1, M2) is critical to tune an inflammatory response to the relevant infection or injury. Alternative or M2 polarization of macrophages is most often achieved in vitro in response to IL-4/IL-13 and results in the transcriptional up-regulation of a constellation of characteristic M2 marker genes. In vivo, additional signals from the inflammatory milieu can further increase or decrease M2 marker expression. Particularly, activation of cAMP-generating G protein-coupled receptors is reported to increase M2 markers, but whether this is strictly dependent upon cAMP production is unclear. We report herein that increased cAMP alone can increase IL-4-dependent M2 marker expression through a PKA/C/EBPβ/CREB dependent pathway in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy Polumuri
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), White Oak Campus, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Darren J Perkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Komatsu M, Sakai Y, Nishikubo M, Tane S, Nishio W, Kajimoto K, Hirose T. EWSR1-CREM fusion in pulmonary mesenchymal neoplasm showing distinctive clear cell morphology. Pathol Int 2020; 70:1020-1026. [PMID: 33002291 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EWSR1-CREM gene fusions were recently discovered in several mesenchymal and epithelial tumors, including myxoid mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system, rare cases of soft tissue clear cell sarcoma and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, which implicates the potential phenotypic diversities of tumors harboring an EWSR1-CREM fusion. We herein present an exceedingly indolent pulmonary mesenchymal tumor showing distinctive clinicopathological features. This tumor histologically displayed a small nest and alveolar pattern consisting of monomorphic clear cells intermingled with dilated anastomosing vasculature. Immunophenotypically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and focally positive for synaptophysin, but negative for many immunohistochemical panels including keratins, EMA, desmin, mesothelial markers, melanotic markers, smooth muscle actin, inhibin and S-100 protein. Interestingly, RNA sequencing identified an in-frame EWSR1-CREM fusion, which was confirmed by subsequent real-time/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. Clinical follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence and metastasis. Our pathological findings further expand the phenotypic spectrum of tumors associated with EWSR1-CREM fusions, implying the emergence of a possible novel tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Komatsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Nishikubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Hirose
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Division of Pathology for Regional Communication, Kobe University School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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18
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Geng A, Wu T, Cai C, Song W, Wang J, Yu QC, Zeng YA. A novel function of R-spondin1 in regulating estrogen receptor expression independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. eLife 2020; 9:56434. [PMID: 32749219 PMCID: PMC7402675 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
R-spondin1 (Rspo1) has been featured as a Wnt agonist, serving as a potent niche factor for stem cells in many tissues. Here we unveil a novel role of Rspo1 in promoting estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) expression, hence regulating the output of steroid hormone signaling in the mouse mammary gland. This action of Rspo1 relies on the receptor Lgr4 and intracellular cAMP-PKA signaling, yet is independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These mechanisms were reinforced by genetic evidence. Luminal cells-specific knockout of Rspo1 results in decreased Esr1 expression and reduced mammary side branches. In contrast, luminal cells-specific knockout of Wnt4, while attenuating basal cell Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities, enhances Esr1 expression. Our data reveal a novel Wnt-independent role of Rspo1, in which Rspo1 acts as a bona fide GPCR activator eliciting intracellular cAMP signaling. The identification of Rspo1-ERα signaling axis may have a broad implication in estrogen-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cissy Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Mesenchymal Tumors Harboring the EWSR1-CREM Fusion. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:1622-1630. [PMID: 31305268 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATF1, CREB1, and CREM constitute the CREB family of transcription factors. The genes encoding these factors are involved in gene fusion events in human tumors. EWSR1-ATF1 and EWSR1-CREB1 are the 2 most characterized fusions, whereas EWSR1-CREM has been less studied. To better understand the phenotypic spectrum of mesenchymal tumors associated with the EWSR1-CREM fusion, we investigated archival cases using fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or RNA sequencing. Among 33 clear cell sarcomas of soft tissue tested, we found 1 specimen, a hand tumor bearing the rearrangements of EWSR1 and CREM, with classic histology and immunophenotype. None of 6 clear cell sarcoma-like tumors of the gastrointestinal tract tested harbored the EWSR1-CREM fusion. Among 11 angiomatoid fibrous histiocytomas, we found that 3 tumors of myxoid variant harbored the rearrangements of EWSR1 and CREM. All 3 tumors occurred in middle-aged men and involved the distal extremities (N=2) and the lung (N=1). Prominent lymphoid cuff, fibrous pseudocapsule, and amianthoid fiber were present in 3, 2, and 2 tumors, respectively, whereas none showed pseudoangiomatoid spaces. All 3 tumors were immunohistochemically positive for epithelial membrane antigen and desmin. These cases suggested a closer relationship between angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and a recently proposed novel group of myxoid tumors with CREB family fusions. Our cohort also included 2 unclassifiable sarcomas positive for EWSR1-CREM. One of these was an aggressive pediatric tumor of the abdominal cavity characterized by proliferation of swirling spindle cells immunopositive for cytokeratin and CD34. The other tumor derived from the chest wall of an adult and exhibited a MUC4-positive sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma-like histology. Our study demonstrates that a wider phenotypic spectrum is associated with the EWSR1-CREM fusion than previously reported.
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20
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Gorain B, Choudhury H, Yee GS, Bhattamisra SK. Adenosine Receptors as Novel Targets for the Treatment of Various Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2828-2841. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling nucleoside molecule, released from different cells within the body
to act on vasculature and immunoescape. The physiological action on the proliferation of tumour cell has been
reported by the presence of high concentration of adenosine within the tumour microenvironment, which results
in the progression of the tumour, even leading to metastases. The activity of adenosine exclusively depends upon
the interaction with four subtypes of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors (AR), A1, A2A, A2B,
and A3-ARs on the cell surface. Research evidence supports that the activation of those receptors via specific
agonist or antagonist can modulate the proliferation of tumour cells. The first category of AR, A1 is known to play
an antitumour activity via tumour-associated microglial cells to prevent the development of glioblastomas.
A2AAR are found in melanoma, lung, and breast cancer cells, where tumour proliferation is stimulated due to
inhibition of the immune response via inhibition of natural killer cells cytotoxicity, T cell activity, and tumourspecific
CD4+/CD8+ activity. Alternatively, A2BAR helps in the development of tumour upon activation via
upregulation of angiogenin factor in the microvascular endothelial cells, inhibition of MAPK and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation
activity. Lastly, A3AR is expressed in low levels in normal cells whereas the expression is upregulated
in tumour cells, however, agonists to this receptor inhibit tumour proliferation through modulation of Wnt
and NF-κB signaling pathways. Several researchers are in search for potential agents to modulate the overexpressed
ARs to control cancer. Active components of A2AAR antagonists and A3AR agonists have already entered
in Phase-I clinical research to prove their safety in human. This review focused on novel research targets towards
the prevention of cancer progression through stimulation of the overexpressed ARs with the hope to protect lives
and advance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gan Sook Yee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tabor J, Collins R, Debert CT, Shultz SR, Mychasiuk R. Neuroendocrine Whiplash: Slamming the Breaks on Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats May Worsen Outcomes. Front Neurol 2019; 10:481. [PMID: 31133974 PMCID: PMC6517549 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport-related concussion is an increasingly common injury among adolescents, with repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBI) being a significant risk factor for long-term neurobiological and psychological consequences. It is not uncommon for younger professional athletes to consume anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in an attempt to enhance their performance, subjecting their hormonally sensitive brains to potential impairment during neurodevelopment. Furthermore, RmTBI produces acute neuroendocrine dysfunction, specifically in the anterior pituitary, disrupting the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, lowering cortisol secretion that is needed to appropriately respond to injury. Some AAS users exhibit worse symptoms post-RmTBI if they quit their steroid regime. We sought to examine the pathophysiological outcomes associated with the abrupt cessation of the commonly abused AAS, Metandienone (Met) on RmTBI outcomes in rats. Prior to injury, adolescent male rats received either Met or placebo, and exercise. Rats were then administered RmTBIs or sham injuries, followed by steroid and exercise cessation (SEC) or continued treatment. A behavioral battery was conducted to measure outcomes consistent with clinical representations of post-concussion syndrome and chronic AAS exposure, followed by analysis of serum hormone levels, and qRT-PCR for mRNA expression and telomere length. RmTBI increased loss of consciousness and anxiety-like behavior, while also impairing balance and short-term working memory. SEC induced hyperactivity while Met treatment alone increased depressive-like behavior. There were cumulative effects whereby RmTBI and SEC exacerbated anxiety and short-term memory outcomes. mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and pituitary were modified in response to Met and SEC. Analysis of telomere length revealed the negative impact of SEC while Met and SEC produced changes in serum levels of testosterone and corticosterone. We identified robust changes in mRNA to serotonergic circuitry, neuroinflammation, and an enhanced stress response. Interestingly, Met treatment promoted glucocorticoid secretion after injury, suggesting that maintained AAS may be more beneficial than abstaining after mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tabor
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reid Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chantel T Debert
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Fargesin inhibits melanin synthesis in murine malignant and immortalized melanocytes by regulating PKA/CREB and P38/MAPK signaling pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:213-219. [PMID: 30956031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fargesin is commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, inflammation, sinusitis and headache. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate a new function of fargesin against melanin production and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, Melan-a and human epidermal melanocytes were treated with different concentrations of fargesin for the indicated time. The extracellular and cellular melanin content was detected by spectrometry at 490 nm and 405 nm, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to exam the expression of melanogenic enzymes and the activities of PKA/CREB and p38 MAPK pathway components. Zebrafish was used as an in vivo model for studying the function of fargesin in regulating melanogenesis. RESULTS Fargesin effectively inhibited melanin production at moderate dose in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells, normal melanocyte cell lines and zebrafish. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), its downstream melanogenic enzymes and tyrosinase activity were also strongly reduced by fargesin. Moreover, the increase of melanin production induced by UVB and forskolin could be fully reversed by fargesin treatment. Fargesin also effectively inhibited the activation of PKA/CREB and p38 MAPK as well as their interactions, which in turn is responsible for the expression of MITF and melanogenic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS These results show that fargesin can function as an anti-melanogenic agent, at least in part, by inhibiting PKA/CREB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, fargesin and its derivatives may potentially be used for preventing hyperpigmentation disorders in the future.
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23
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Heffeter P, Pape VFS, Enyedy ÉA, Keppler BK, Szakacs G, Kowol CR. Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones: Chemical Properties, Interaction with Iron Metabolism, and Resistance Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1062-1082. [PMID: 29334758 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE During the past decades, thiosemicarbazones were clinically developed for a variety of diseases, including tuberculosis, viral infections, malaria, and cancer. With regard to malignant diseases, the class of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, and here especially 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine), was intensively developed in multiple clinical phase I/II trials. Recent Advances: Very recently, two new derivatives, namely COTI-2 and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) have entered phase I evaluation. Based on the strong metal-chelating/metal-interacting properties of thiosemicarbazones, interference with the cellular iron (and copper) homeostasis is assumed to play an important role in their biological activity. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we summarize and analyze the data on the interaction of (α-N-heterocyclic) thiosemicarbazones with iron, with the special aim of bridging the current knowledge on their mode of action from chemistry to (cell) biology. In addition, we highlight the difference to classical iron(III) chelators such as desferrioxamine (DFO), which are used for the treatment of iron overload. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We want to emphasize that thiosemicarbazones are not solely removing iron from the cells/organism. In contrast, they should be considered as iron-interacting drugs influencing diverse biological pathways in a complex and multi-faceted mode of action. Consequently, in addition to the discussion of physicochemical properties (e.g., complex stability, redox activity), this review contains an overview on the diversity of cellular thiosemicarbazone targets and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Heffeter
- 1 Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria .,2 Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- 3 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary .,4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- 5 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- 2 Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," Vienna, Austria .,6 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakacs
- 1 Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria .,3 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian R Kowol
- 2 Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," Vienna, Austria .,6 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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24
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Xiao T, Fu Y, Zhu W, Xu R, Xu L, Zhang P, Du Y, Cheng J, Jiang H. HDAC8, A Potential Therapeutic Target, Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Fibrous Dysplasia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:148-161. [PMID: 30426726 PMCID: PMC6344909 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a disease of postnatal skeletal stem cells caused by activating mutations of guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide (GNAS). FD is characterized by high proliferation and osteogenesis disorder of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), resulting in bone pain, deformities, and fractures. The cAMP-CREB pathway, which is activated by GNAS mutations, is known to be closely associated with the occurrence of FD. However, so far there is no available targeted therapeutic strategy for FD, as a critical issue that remains largely unknown is how this pathway is involved in FD. Our previous study revealed that histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via epigenetic regulation. Here, compared with normal BMSCs, FD BMSCs exhibited significantly high proliferation and weak osteogenic capacity in response to HDAC8 upregulation and tumor protein 53 (TP53) downregulation. Moreover, inhibition of cAMP reduced HDAC8 expression, increased TP53 expression and resulted in the improvement of FD phenotype. Importantly, HDAC8 inhibition prevented cAMP-induced cell phenotype and promoted osteogenesis in nude mice that were implanted with FD BMSCs. Mechanistically, HDAC8 was identified as a transcriptional target gene of CREB1 and its transcription was directly activated by CREB1 in FD BMSCs. In summary, our study reveals that HDAC8 associates with FD phenotype and demonstrates the mechanisms regulated by cAMP-CREB1-HDAC8 pathway. These results provide insights into the molecular regulation of FD pathogenesis, and offer novel clues that small molecule inhibitors targeting HDAC8 are promising clinical treatment for FD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:148&14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Dianati E, Wade MG, Hales BF, Robaire B, Plante I. From the Cover: Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Decreased p-β-Cateninser675 Expression and Its Interaction With E-Cadherin in the Mammary Glands of Lactating Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:114-123. [PMID: 28903489 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper mammary gland development and function require precise hormonal regulation and bidirectional cross talk between cells provided by means of paracrine factors as well as intercellular junctions; exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors can disturb these processes. Exposure to one such family of chemicals, the brominated flame retardants (BFRs), is ubiquitous. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BFR exposures disrupt signaling pathways and intercellular junctions that control mammary gland development. Before mating, during pregnancy and throughout lactation, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing that BFR mixture based on house dust, delivering nominal exposures of BFR of 0 (control), 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/d. Dams were euthanized and mammary glands collected on postnatal day 21. BFR exposure had no significant effects on mammary gland/body weight ratios or the levels of proteins involved in milk synthesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell-cell interactions, or hormone signalling. However, BFR exposure (0.06 mg/kg/d) down-regulated phospho-ser675 β-catenin (p-β-catSer675) levels in the absence of any effect on total β-catenin levels. Levels of p-CREB were also down-regulated, suggesting that PKA inhibition plays a role. p-β-catSer675 co-localized with β-catenin at the mammary epithelial cell membrane, and its expression was decreased in animals from the 0.06 and 20 mg/kg/d BFR treatment groups. Although β-Catenin signaling was not affected by BFR exposure, the interaction between p-β-catSer675 and E-cadherin was significantly reduced. Together, our results demonstrate that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFR during pregnancy and lactation decreases p-β-catser675 at cell adhesion sites, likely in a PKA-dependant manner, altering mammary gland signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Dianati
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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26
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Whole exome sequencing identified sixty-five coding mutations in four neuroblastoma tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17787. [PMID: 29259192 PMCID: PMC5736554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor characterized by histologic heterogeneity, and accounts for ~15% of childhood deaths from cancer. The five-year survival for patients with high-risk stage 4 disease has not improved in two decades. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify mutations present in three independent high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma tumors (COA/UAB-3, COA/UAB -6 and COA/UAB -8) and a stage 3 tumor (COA/UAB-14). Among the four tumors WES analysis identified forty-three mutations that had not been reported previously, one of which was present in two of the four tumors. WES analysis also corroborated twenty-two mutations that were reported previously. No single mutation occurred in all four tumors or in all stage 4 tumors. Three of the four tumors harbored genes with CADD scores ≥20, indicative of mutations associated with human pathologies. The average depth of coverage ranged from 39.68 to 90.27, with >99% sequences mapping to the genome. In summary, WES identified sixty-five coding mutations including forty-three mutations not reported previously in primary neuroblastoma tumors. The three stage 4 tumors contained mutations in genes encoding protein products that regulate immune function or cell adhesion and tumor cell metastasis.
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27
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Internalized TSH receptors en route to the TGN induce local G s-protein signaling and gene transcription. Nat Commun 2017; 8:443. [PMID: 28874659 PMCID: PMC5585343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling at intracellular sites has recently emerged, but the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences are insufficiently understood. Here, we show that upon internalization in thyroid cells, endogenous TSH receptors traffic retrogradely to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and activate endogenous Gs-proteins in the retromer-coated compartment that brings them to the TGN. Receptor internalization is associated with a late cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) response at the Golgi/TGN. Blocking receptor internalization, inhibiting PKA II/interfering with its Golgi/TGN localization, silencing retromer or disrupting Golgi/TGN organization all impair efficient TSH-dependent cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. These results suggest that retrograde trafficking to the TGN induces local Gs-protein activation and cAMP/PKA signaling at a critical position near the nucleus, which appears required for efficient CREB phosphorylation and gene transcription. This provides a new mechanism to explain the functional consequences of GPCR signaling at intracellular sites and reveals a critical role for the TGN in GPCR signaling. Recent investigations suggest that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can signal during intracellular trafficking. Here the authors use fluorescence microscopy approaches to directly visualize and investigate functional consequences of GPCR-mediated signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network.
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28
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Barbati SA, Colussi C, Bacci L, Aiello A, Re A, Stigliano E, Isidori AM, Grassi C, Pontecorvi A, Farsetti A, Gaetano C, Nanni S. Transcription Factor CREM Mediates High Glucose Response in Cardiomyocytes and in a Male Mouse Model of Prolonged Hyperglycemia. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2391-2405. [PMID: 28368536 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the epigenetic landscape of cardiomyocytes exposed to elevated glucose levels. High glucose (30 mM) for 72 hours determined some epigenetic changes in mouse HL-1 and rat differentiated H9C2 cardiomyocytes including upregulation of class I and III histone deacetylase protein levels and activity, inhibition of histone acetylase p300 activity, increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, and reduction in H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Gene expression analysis focused on cardiotoxicity revealed that high glucose induced markers associated with tissue damage, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling such as Nexilin (NEXN), versican, cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-responsive element modulator (CREM), and adrenoceptor α2A (ADRA2). Notably, the transcription factor CREM was found to be important in the regulation of cardiotoxicity-associated genes as assessed by specific small interfering RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. In CD1 mice, made hyperglycemic by streptozotoicin (STZ) injection, cardiac structural alterations were evident at 6 months after STZ treatment and were associated with a significant increase of H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and reduction of H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Consistently, NEXN, CREM, and ADRA2 expression was significantly induced at the RNA and protein levels. Confocal microscopy analysis of NEXN localization showed this protein irregularly distributed along the sarcomeres in the heart of hyperglycemic mice. This evidence suggested a structural alteration of cardiac Z-disk with potential consequences on contractility. In conclusion, high glucose may alter the epigenetic landscape of cardiac cells. Sildenafil, restoring guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate levels, counteracted the increase of CREM and NEXN, providing a protective effect in the presence of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saviana A Barbati
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bacci
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Histopathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Medicine Clinic III, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Medicine Clinic III, Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Somatic mutations in PRKACA, coding for the catalytic α subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), have been recently identified as the most frequent genetic alteration in cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas, which are responsible for adrenal Cushing's syndrome. The mutations identified so far lie at the interface between the catalytic (C) and regulatory (R) subunit of PKA. Detailed functional studies of the most frequent of these mutations (L206R) as well as of another one in the same region of the C subunit (199_200insW) have revealed that these mutations cause constitutive activation of PKA and lack of regulation by cAMP. This is due to interference with the binding of the R subunit, which keeps the C subunit inactive in the absence of cyclic AMP. Here, we review these recent findings, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of action of PRKACA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Bathon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Weigand
- Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Untargeted, next generation sequencing approaches have provided deep insights into genetic events that result in unopposed steroidogenesis from the adrenal cortex. In particular, somatic mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit α of protein kinase A (PKA) (PRKACA) were identified independently by several groups as the most frequently altered gene in cortisol-producing adenomas. Detailed functional studies could explore the molecular consequences of these hot-spot mutations and large international cohorts have provided the basis to explore the clinical characteristics associated with this mutation. Thereby, PRKACA mutations are highly specific for cortisol over-secretion, while they are absent or very rare in the context of other adrenal diseases. Patients carrying these somatic mutations are affected by a more severe phenotype and are identified at a younger age. Thus, these genotype/phenotype correlations provide further evidence for the importance of PKA-dependent pathways for adrenal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dalmazi
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - F Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
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31
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Guo L, Harari E, Virmani R, Finn AV. Linking Hemorrhage, Angiogenesis, Macrophages, and Iron Metabolism in Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e33-e39. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- From the CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
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32
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Hernández-Ramírez LC, Trivellin G, Stratakis CA. Role of Phosphodiesterases on the Function of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Interacting Protein (AIP) in the Pituitary Gland and on the Evaluation of AIP Gene Variants. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:286-295. [PMID: 28427099 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) is caused in about 20% of cases by loss-of-function germline mutations in the AIP gene. Patients harboring AIP mutations usually present with somatotropinomas resulting either in gigantism or young-onset acromegaly. AIP encodes for a co-chaperone protein endowed with tumor suppressor properties in somatotroph cells. Among other mechanisms proposed to explain this function, a regulatory effect over the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway seems to play a prominent role. In this setting, the well-known interaction between AIP and 2 different isoforms of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), PDE2A3 and PDE4A5, is of particular interest. While the interaction with over-expressed AIP does not seem to affect PDE2A3 function, the reported effect on PDE4A5 is, in contrast, reduced enzymatic activity. In this review, we explore the possible implications of these molecular interactions for the function of somatotroph cells. In particular, we discuss how both PDEs and AIP could act as negative regulators of the cAMP pathway in the pituitary, probably both by shared and independent mechanisms. Moreover, we describe how the evaluation of the AIP-PDE4A5 interaction has proven to be a useful tool for testing AIP mutations, complementing other in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses. Improved assessment of the pathogenicity of AIP mutations is indeed paramount to provide adequate guidance for genetic counseling and clinical screening in AIP mutation carriers, which can lead to prospective diagnosis of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giampaolo Trivellin
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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33
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Gsα Controls Cortical Bone Quality by Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via cAMP/PKA and β-Catenin Pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45140. [PMID: 28338087 PMCID: PMC5364530 DOI: 10.1038/srep45140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal bone formation and maintenance requires coordinate functions of several cell types, including bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Gsα, the stimulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, activates downstream signaling through cAMP and plays important roles in skeletal development by regulating osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Gsα signaling also regulates osteoclast differentiation during bone modeling and remodeling. Gnas, the gene encoding Gsα, is imprinted. Mice with paternal allele deletion of Gnas (Gnas+/p-) have defects in cortical bone quality and strength during early development (bone modeling) that persist during adult bone remodeling. Reduced bone quality in Gnas+/p- mice was associated with increased endosteal osteoclast numbers, with no significant effects on osteoblast number and function. Osteoclast differentiation and resorption activity was enhanced in Gnas+/p- cells. During differentiation, Gnas+/p- cells showed diminished pCREB, β-catenin and cyclin D1, and enhanced Nfatc1 levels, conditions favoring osteoclastogenesis. Forskolin treatment increased pCREB and rescued osteoclast differentiation in Gnas+/p- by reducing Nfatc1 levels. Cortical bone of Gnas+/p- mice showed elevated expression of Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and Sfrp4 consistent with reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data identify a new role for Gsα signaling in maintaining bone quality by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function through cAMP/PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Protein kinase A activation by retinoic acid in the nuclei of HL60 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Quinn SN, Graves SH, Dains-McGahee C, Friedman EM, Hassan H, Witkowski P, Sabbatini ME. Adenylyl cyclase 3/adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) complex mediates the anti-migratory effect of forskolin in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1344-1360. [PMID: 27891679 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies. A better understanding of the intracellular mechanism of migration and invasion is urgently needed to develop treatment that will suppress metastases and improve overall survival. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is a second messenger that has shown to regulate migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The rise of cyclic AMP suppressed migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cyclic AMP is formed from cytosolic ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC). There are ten isoforms of ACs; nine are anchored in the plasma membrane and one is soluble. What remains unknown is the extent to which the expression of transmembrane AC isoforms is both modified in pancreatic cancer and mediates the inhibitory effect of forskolin on cell motility. Using real-time PCR analysis, ADCY3 was found to be highly expressed in pancreatic tumor tissues, resulting in a constitutive increase in cyclic AMP levels. On the other hand, ADCY2 was down-regulated. Migration, invasion, and filopodia formation in two different pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAC and PANC-1 deficient in AC1 or AC3, were studied. We found that AC3, upon stimulation with forskolin, enhanced cyclic AMP levels and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Unlikely to be due to a cytotoxic effect, the inhibitory effects of forskolin involved the quick formation of AC3/adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)/G-actin complex, which inhibited filopodia formation and cell motility. Using Western blotting analysis, forskolin, through AC3 activation, caused phosphorylation of CREB, but not ERK. The effect of CREB phosphorylation is likely to be associated with long-term signaling changes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra N Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarai H Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Emilee M Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Humma Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pancreatic Islet Transplant Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Miklos W, Heffeter P, Pirker C, Hager S, Kowol CR, van Schoonhoven S, Stojanovic M, Keppler BK, Berger W. Loss of phosphodiesterase 4D mediates acquired triapine resistance via Epac-Rap1-Integrin signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84556-84574. [PMID: 27602951 PMCID: PMC5356681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triapine, an anticancer thiosemicarbazone, is currently under clinical investigation. Whereas promising results were obtained in hematological diseases, trials in solid tumors widely failed. To understand mechanisms causing triapine insensitivity, we have analysed genomic alterations in a triapine-resistant SW480 subline (SW480/tria). Only one distinct genomic loss was observed specifically in SW480/tria cells affecting the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene locus. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PDE4D resulted in significant triapine resistance in SW480 cells. Hence, we concluded that enhanced cyclic AMP levels might confer protection against triapine. Indeed, hyperactivation of both major downstream pathways, namely the protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac)-Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) signaling axes, was observed in SW480/tria cells. Unexpectedly, inhibition of PKA did not re-sensitize SW480/tria cells against triapine. In contrast, Epac activation resulted in distinct triapine resistance in SW480 cells. Conversely, knock-down of Epac expression and pharmacological inhibition of Rap1 re-sensitized SW480/tria cells against triapine. Rap1 is a well-known regulator of integrins. Accordingly, SW480/tria cells displayed enhanced plasma membrane expression of several integrin subunits, enhanced adhesion especially to RGD-containing matrix components, and bolstered activation/expression of the integrin downstream effectors Src and RhoA/Rac. Accordingly, integrin and Src inhibition resulted in potent triapine re-sensitization especially of SW480/tria cells. In summary, we describe for the first time integrin activation based on cAMP-Epac-Rap1 signaling as acquired drug resistance mechanism. combinations of triapine with inhibitors of several steps in this resistance cascade might be feasible strategies to overcome triapine insensitivity of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Miklos
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Blackwood BP, Wood DR, Yuan C, Nicolas J, De Plaen IG, Farrow KN, Chou P, Turner JR, Hunter CJ. A Role for cAMP and Protein Kinase A in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:401-417. [PMID: 27939131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that has been associated with Cronobacter sakazakii and typically affects premature infants. Although NEC has been actively investigated, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epithelial injury and intestinal barrier damage. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) are important mediators and regulators of apoptosis. To test the hypothesis that C. sakazakii increases cAMP and PKA activation in experimental NEC resulting in increased epithelial apoptosis, we investigated the effects of C. sakazakii on cAMP and PKA in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, rat intestinal epithelial cells and a human intestinal epithelial cell line were infected with C. sakazakii, and cAMP levels and phosphorylation of PKA were measured. An increase in cAMP was demonstrated after infection, as well as an increase in phosphorylated PKA. Similarly, increased intestinal cAMP and PKA phosphorylation were demonstrated in a rat pup model of NEC. These increases were correlated with increased intestinal epithelial apoptosis. The additional of a PKA inhibitor (KT5720) significantly ameliorated these effects and decreased the severity of experimental NEC. Findings were compared with results from human tissue samples. Collectively, these observations indicate that cAMP and PKA phosphorylation are associated with increased apoptosis in NEC and that inhibition of PKA activation protects against apoptosis and experimental NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Blackwood
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas R Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carrie Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Nicolas
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn N Farrow
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pauline Chou
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Li X, Wang B, Tang L, Lang B, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Chen L, Ouyang J, Zhang X. Clinical characteristics of PRKACA mutations in Chinese patients with adrenal lesions: a single-centre study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:954-961. [PMID: 27296931 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies have identified that the somatic PRKACA L206R mutation can cause cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs). This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of PRKACA, GNAS and CTNNB1 mutations in adrenal lesions in patients from a single centre in China. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS We sequenced PRKACA, GNAS and CTNNB1 genes in 108 patients, including 60 patients with CPAs (57 with unilateral and three with bilateral adenomas), 13 with nonfunctional adenomas, 12 with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs), 15 with primary bilateral macronodular hyperplasia (PBMAH) and eight with aldosterone and cortisol cosecreting adenomas. Mutations in PRKACA, GNAS and CTNNB1 were examined, and clinical characteristics were compared. RESULTS Among the unilateral CPAs, we identified somatic mutations in PRKACA (L206R) in 23 cases (40·4%), GNAS (R201C and R201H) in six cases (10·5%), CTNNB1 (S45C, L46P and S45P) in six cases (10·5%) and CTNNB1 plus GNAS in two cases (3·5%). PRKACA and GNAS mutations were mutually exclusive. Among the patients with nonfunctional adenoma, two carried CTNNB1 mutations. Among the patients with ACC, two carried GNAS and CTNNB1 mutations but none carried PRKACA mutations. One patient showed bilateral CPA, and one PBMAH patient carried PRKACA mutations. No mutations in PRKACA, GNAS or CTNNB1 were identified in the eight patients with aldosterone and cortisol cosecreting adenomas. PRKACA-mutant adenomas were associated with young age, overt Cushing's syndrome and high cortisol levels compared with non-PRKACA-mutant or CTNNB1-mutant lesions. CONCLUSIONS PRKACA mutations are present in CPAs and bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia. PRKACA mutation is associated with more severe autonomous cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lang
- Macao Polytechnic Institute School of Health Sciences, Macao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ouyang
- Department of Outpatient Officer Consultation Room, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Upmanyu N, Dietze R, Kirch U, Scheiner-Bobis G. Ouabain interactions with the α4 isoform of the sodium pump trigger non-classical steroid hormone signaling and integrin expression in spermatogenic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2809-2819. [PMID: 27599714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the ubiquitous α1 isoform of the sodium pump, sperm cells also express a male-specific α4 isoform whose function has been associated with sperm motility, fertility, and capacitation. Here we investigate in the murine spermatogenic cell line GC-2 interactions of the α4 isoform with the cardiotonic steroid ouabain in signaling cascades involved in the non-classical action of steroid hormones. Exposure of GC-2 cells to low concentrations of ouabain stimulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and of the transcription factors CREB and ATF-1. As a consequence of this signaling cascade, ouabain stimulates on the mRNA level the expression of integrins αv, β3 and α5, whose expression is also modulated by the cAMP response element. Increased expression of integrins αv and β3 is also seen in cultures of seminiferous tubules exposed to 10nM ouabain. At the protein level we observed a significant stimulation of β3 integrin expression by ouabain. Abrogation of α4 isoform expression by siRNA leads to the complete suppression of all ouabain-induced signaling mentioned above, including its stimulatory effect on the expression of β3 integrin. The results presented here demonstrate for the first time the induction of signaling cascades through the interaction of ouabain with the α4 isoform in a germ-cell derived cell line. The novel finding that these interactions lead to increased expression of integrins in GC-2 cells and the confirmation of these results in the ex vivo experiments indicate that hormone/receptor-like interactions of ouabain with the α4 isoform might be of significance for male physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upmanyu
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kirch
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Seidel E, Scholl UI. Intracellular Molecular Differences in Aldosterone- Compared to Cortisol-Secreting Adrenal Cortical Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 27445978 PMCID: PMC4921773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a major site of steroid hormone production. Two hormones are of particular importance: aldosterone, which is produced in the zona glomerulosa in response to volume depletion and hyperkalemia, and cortisol, which is produced in the zona fasciculata in response to stress. In both cases, acute stimulation leads to increased hormone production, and chronic stimulation causes hyperplasia of the respective zone. Aldosterone- and cortisol-producing adenomas (APAs and CPAs) are benign tumors of the adrenal cortex that cause excess hormone production, leading to primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome, respectively. About 40% of the APAs carry somatic heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the K(+) channel KCNJ5. These mutations lead to sodium permeability, depolarization, activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, and Ca(2+) influx. Mutations in the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase subunit ATP1A1 and the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase ATP2B3 similarly cause Na(+) or H(+) permeability and depolarization, whereas mutations in the Ca(2+) channel CACNA1D directly lead to increased calcium influx. One in three CPAs carries a recurrent gain-of-function mutation (L206R) in the PRKACA gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of PKA. This mutation causes constitutive PKA activity by abolishing the binding of the inhibitory regulatory subunit to the catalytic subunit. These mutations activate pathways that are relatively specific to the respective cell type (glomerulosa versus fasciculata), and there is little overlap in mutation spectrum between APAs and CPAs, but co-secretion of both hormones can occur. Mutations in CTNNB1 (beta-catenin) and GNAS (Gsα) are exceptions, as they can cause both APAs and CPAs through pathways that are incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seidel
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I. Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ute I. Scholl,
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Calebiro D, Di Dalmazi G, Bathon K, Ronchi CL, Beuschlein F. cAMP signaling in cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:M99-106. [PMID: 26139209 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP signaling pathway is one of the major players in the regulation of growth and hormonal secretion in adrenocortical cells. Although its role in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical hyperplasia associated with Cushing's syndrome has been clarified, a clear involvement of the cAMP signaling pathway and of one of its major downstream effectors, the protein kinase A (PKA), in sporadic adrenocortical adenomas remained elusive until recently. During the last year, a report by our group and three additional independent groups showed that somatic mutations of PRKACA, the gene coding for the catalytic subunit α of PKA, are a common genetic alteration in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenomas, occurring in 35-65% of the patients. In vitro studies revealed that those mutations are able to disrupt the association between catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA, leading to a cAMP-independent activity of the enzyme. Despite somatic PRKACA mutations being a common finding in patients with clinically manifest Cushing's syndrome, the pathogenesis of adrenocortical adenomas associated with subclinical hypercortisolism seems to rely on a different molecular background. In this review, the role of cAMP/PKA signaling in the regulation of adrenocortical cell function and its alterations in cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas will be summarized, with particular focus on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bathon
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, GermanyRudolf Virchow CenterJosef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraβe 1, 80336 München, GermanyDepartment of Medicine IEndocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyComprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenUniversity of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Kim HG, Shi C, Bode AM, Dong Z. p38α MAPK is required for arsenic-induced cell transformation. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:910-7. [PMID: 25969347 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure has been reported to cause neoplastic transformation through the activation of PcG proteins. In the present study, we show that activation of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is required for arsenic-induced neoplastic transformation. Exposure of cells to 0.5 μM arsenic increased CRE and c-Fos promoter activities that were accompanied by increases in p38α MAPK and CREB phosphorylation and expression levels concurrently with AP-1 activation. Introduction of short hairpin (sh) RNA-p38α into BALB/c 3T3 cells markedly suppressed arsenic-induced colony formation compared with wildtype cells. CREB phosphorylation and AP-1 activation were decreased in p38α knockdown cells after arsenic treatment. Arsenic-induced AP-1 activation, measured as c-Fos and CRE promoter activities, and CREB phosphorylation were attenuated by p38 inhibition in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Thus, p38α MAPK activation is required for arsenic-induced neoplastic transformation mediated through CREB phosphorylation and AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyum Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
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43
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XIONG JIANJUN, ZHOU XIAOOU, GONG ZHEN, WANG TING, ZHANG CHAO, XU XIAOYUAN, LIU JIANYUN, LI WEIDONG. PKA/CREB regulates the constitutive promoter activity of the USP22 gene. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1505-11. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Barresi V, Branca G, Caffo M, Tuccari G. p-CREB expression in human meningiomas: correlation with angiogenesis and recurrence risk. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:87-95. [PMID: 25563814 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite total surgical resection, a percentage of meningiomas do unexpectedly recur. At present the prediction of recurrence risk and the management of recurrent tumours represent major issues in the patients affected by meningiomas. The present study aims at investigating the prognostic value of the expression of the phosphorylated transcription factor cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (p-CREB) in a series of meningiomas of different histotype and grade. While no p-CREB expression was found in specimens of normal leptomeninges, 71 % of meningiomas in our cohort expressed p-CREB. In addition, nuclear expression of p-CREB was present in the endothelia of tumor vessels in all of the meningiomas, but not in the vessels of the non-neoplastic meninges. High expression of p-CREB was significantly more frequent in meningiomas showing atypical, chordoid or microcystic histotype (P = 0.0003), high histological grade (P < 0.0001), high Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.0001), high microvessel density counts (P < 0.0001) and high vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P = 0.0113). In addition, high p-CREB expression was significantly associated with the development of recurrences (P = 0.0031) and it was a significant negative, albeit not independent, prognostic factor for disease free survival in patients with meningiomas submitted to complete surgical removal (P = 0.0019). In conclusion, we showed that p-CREB is expressed in human meningiomas and that it represents a significant predictor of recurrence risk in these tumors. Due to its high expression in more aggressive tumors and in the tumor vessels, it may represent a novel therapeutic target in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", AOU Polyclinic G. Martino, Pad D, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy,
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45
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Guan H, Liang W, Liu J, Wei G, Li H, Xiu L, Xiao H, Li Y. Transmembrane protease serine 4 promotes thyroid cancer proliferation via CREB phosphorylation. Thyroid 2015; 25:85-94. [PMID: 25244400 PMCID: PMC4290798 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), one of the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), is elevated in various cancers and is associated with multiple malignant phenotypes. However, the expression pattern and biologic significance of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer and assessed the pro-proliferative role of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were performed to assess the expression of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer. We evaluated in vitro cell proliferation using MTT, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, flow cytometry analysis, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. Western blot, real-time RT-PCR, and luciferase assays were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS TMPRSS4 is overexpressed in thyroid cancer and is associated with the grade of malignancy. Depletion of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer cells significantly suppressed proliferation. Moreover, the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells with TMPRSS4 overexpression was significantly enhanced. We also show that cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB)-cyclin D1 signaling mediates, at least partially, the role of TMPRSS4 in thyroid cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS4 is overexpressed in thyroid cancer and TMPRSS4-CREB signaling is needed to sustain thyroid cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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46
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PKA catalytic subunit mutations in adrenocortical Cushing's adenoma impair association with the regulatory subunit. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5680. [PMID: 25477193 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a high prevalence of mutations affecting the catalytic (Cα) subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) in cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas. The two identified mutations (Leu206Arg and Leu199_Cys200insTrp) are associated with increased PKA catalytic activity, but the underlying mechanisms are highly controversial. Here we utilize a combination of biochemical and optical assays, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells, to analyze the consequences of the two mutations with respect to the formation of the PKA holoenzyme and its regulation by cAMP. Our results indicate that neither mutant can form a stable PKA complex, due to the location of the mutations at the interface between the catalytic and the regulatory subunits. We conclude that the two mutations cause high basal catalytic activity and lack of regulation by cAMP through interference of complex formation between the regulatory and the catalytic subunits of PKA.
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47
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Huang S, Ren Y, Wang P, Li Y, Wang X, Zhuang H, Fang R, Wang Y, Liu N, Hehir M, Zhou JX. Transcription Factor CREB is Involved in CaSR-mediated Cytoskeleton Gene Expression. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:501-12. [PMID: 25382680 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Huang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urologic Surgery; Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University; Ningbo 315000 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yanyuan Li
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou P.R.310003 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Haihui Zhuang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yuduo Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ningsheng Liu
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Michael Hehir
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Jeff X. Zhou
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
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48
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Hong SH, Goh SH, Lee SJ, Hwang JA, Lee J, Choi IJ, Seo H, Park JH, Suzuki H, Yamamoto E, Kim IH, Jeong JS, Ju MH, Lee DH, Lee YS. Upregulation of adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) increases the tumorigenic potential of cells by activating the CREB pathway. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1791-803. [PMID: 24113161 PMCID: PMC3858564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) is a widely expressed membrane-associated protein in human tissues, which catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP). However, our transcriptome analysis of gastric cancer tissue samples (NCBI GEO GSE30727) revealed that ADCY3 expression was specifically altered in cancer samples. Here we investigated the tumor-promoting effects of ADCY3 overexpression and confirmed a significant correlation between the upregulation of ADCY3 and Lauren's intestinal-type gastric cancers. ADCY3 overexpression increased cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and clonogenicity in HEK293 cells; conversely, silencing ADCY3 expression in SNU-216 cells reduced these phenotypes. Interestingly, ADCY3 overexpression increased both the mRNA level and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 by increasing the levels of cAMP and phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Consistent with these findings, treatment with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor decreased MMP2 and MMP9 expression levels in ADCY3-overexpressing cells. Knockdown of ADCY3 expression by stable shRNA in human gastric cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. Thus, ADCY3 overexpression may exert its tumor-promoting effects via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Additionally, bisulfite sequencing of the ADCY3 promoter region revealed that gene expression was reduced by hypermethylation of CpG sites, and increased by 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC)-induced demethylation. Our study is the first to report an association of ADCY3 with gastric cancer as well as its tumorigenic potentials. In addition, we demonstrate that the expression of ADCY3 is regulated through an epigenetic mechanism. Further study on the mechanism of ADCY3 in tumorigenesis will provide the basis as a new molecular target of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Hong
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea
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Kim TJ, Sun J, Lu S, Zhang J, Wang Y. The regulation of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated PKA activation by substrate stiffness via microtubule dynamics in human MSCs. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8348-8356. [PMID: 24973298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment surrounding cells has a significant impact on cellular function. One prominent example is that the stiffness of the substrate directs stem cell differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms of how mechanical cues affect stem cell functions are largely elusive. Here, we report that in human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), substrate stiffness can regulate cellular responses to a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist, Isoproterenol (ISO). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based A-Kinase Activity Reporter revealed that HMSCs displayed low activity of ISO-induced protein kinase A (PKA) signal on soft substrate, whereas a significantly higher activity can be observed on hard substrate. Meanwhile, there is an increasing ISO-induced internalization of β2-AR with increasing substrate stiffness. Further experiments revealed that the effects of substrate stiffness on both events were disrupted by interfering the polymerization of microtubules, but not actin filaments. Mechanistic investigation revealed that inhibiting ISO-induced PKA activation abolished β2-AR internalization and vice versa, forming a feedback loop. Thus, our results suggest that the cellular sensing mechanism of its mechanical environment, such as substrate stiffness, affects its response to chemical stimulation of β-AR signaling and PKA activation through the coordination of microtubules, which may contribute to how mechanical cues direct stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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50
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Benvenga S, Koch CA. Molecular pathways associated with aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:162-70. [PMID: 24955023 PMCID: PMC4064555 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915999140404100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common thyroid malignancy is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Mortality rates from PTC mainly depend on its aggressiveness. Geno- and phenotyping of aggressive PTC has advanced our understanding of treatment failures and of potential future therapies. Unraveling molecular signaling pathways of PTC including its aggressive forms will hopefully pave the road to reduce mortality but also morbidity from this cancer. The mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway as well as the family of RAS oncogenes and BRAF as a member of the RAF protein family and the aberrant expression of microRNAs miR-221, miR-222, and miR-146b all play major roles in tumor initiation and progression of aggressive PTC. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF-mediated events, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, RET/PTC rearrangements, and other molecular targets, show promising results to improve treatment of radioiodine resistant, recurrent, and aggressive PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA ; GV (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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