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Li J, Kim JT, Li H, Cho HY, Kim JS, Choi DY, Wang C, Lee SS. LSPR-susceptible metasurface platform for spectrometer-less and AI-empowered diagnostic biomolecule detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1326:343094. [PMID: 39260911 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In response to the growing demand for biomolecular diagnostics, metasurface (MS) platforms based on high-Q resonators have demonstrated their capability to detect analytes with smart data processing and image analysis technologies. However, high-Q resonator meta-atom arrays are highly sensitive to the fabrication process and chemical surface functionalization. Thus, spectrum scanning systems are required to monitor the resonant wavelength changes at every step, from fabrication to practical sensing. In this study, we propose an innovative dielectric resonator-independent MS platform that enables spectrometer-less biomolecule detection using artificial intelligence (AI) at a visible wavelength. Functionalizing the focused vortex MS to capture gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based sandwich immunoassays causes the resulting vortex beam profiles to be significantly affected by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) occurring between AuNPs and meta-atoms. The convolutional neural network algorithm was carefully trained to accurately classify the AuNP concentration-dependent focused vortex beam, facilitating the determination of the concentration of the targeted diagnostic biomolecule. Successful in situ identification of various biomolecule concentrations was achieved with over 99 % accuracy, indicating the potential of combining an LSPR-susceptible MS platform and AI for continuously tracking various chemical and biological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Quantum Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Young Cho
- Digital Biomedical Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Nano Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Shin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bijloo F, Murzyn K, van Emmerik F, den Boef AJ, Kraus PM, Koenderink AF. Near-Unity All-Optical Modulation of Third-Harmonic Generation with a Fano-Resonant Dielectric Metasurface. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39356567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate all-optical modulation with a near-unity contrast of nonlinear light generation in a dielectric metasurface. We study third-harmonic generation from silicon Fano-resonant metasurfaces excited by femtosecond pulses at 1480 nm wavelength. We modulate the metasurface resonance by free carrier excitation induced by absorption of an 800 nm pump pulse, leading to up to 93% suppression of third-harmonic generation. Modulation and recovery occur on (sub)picosecond time scales. According to the Drude model, the pump-induced refractive index change blue-shifts the metasurface resonance away from the generation pulse, causing a strong modulation of third-harmonic conversion efficiency. The principle holds great promise for spatiotemporal programmability of nonlinear light generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Bijloo
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-I Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Murzyn
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor van Emmerik
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie J den Boef
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ASML Netherlands B.V., 5504 DR Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Kraus
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Femius Koenderink
- Department of Physics of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-I Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Xu G, Xue Z, Fan J, Lu D, Xing H, Shum PP, Zhou Y, Cong L. Flexible Terahertz Metasurface Absorbers Empowered by Bound States in the Continuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406526. [PMID: 39152935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz absorbers are crucial to the cutting-edge techniques in the next-generation wireless communications, imaging, sensing, and radar stealth, as they fundamentally determine the performance of detectors and cloaking capabilities. It has long been a pressing task to find absorbers with customizable performance that can adapt to various environments with low cost and great flexibility. Here, perfect absorption empowered by bound states in the continuum (BICs) is demonstrated, allowing for the tailoring of absorption coefficient, bandwidth, and field of view. The one-port absorbers are interpreted using temporal coupled-mode theory highlighting the dominant role of BICs in the far-field radiation properties. Through a thorough investigation of BICs from the perspective of lattice symmetry, the radiation features of three BIC modes are unraveled using both multipolar and topological analysis. The versatile radiation capabilities of BICs provide ample freedom to meet specific requirements of absorbers, including tunable bandwidth, stable performance in a large field of view, and multiband absorption using a thin and flexible film without extreme geometric demands. These findings offer a systematic approach to developing optoelectronic devices and demonstrate the significant potential of BICs for optical and photonic applications, which will stimulate further studies on terahertz photonics and metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhanqiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junxing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongyang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Longqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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4
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Ji J, Li J, Wang Z, Li X, Sun J, Wang J, Fang B, Chen C, Ye X, Zhu S, Li T. On-chip multifunctional metasurfaces with full-parametric multiplexed Jones matrix. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8271. [PMID: 39333470 PMCID: PMC11437200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
On-chip metasurface for guided wave radiation works as an upgrade of conventional grating couplers, enriching the interconnection between guided wave and free-space optical field. However, the number of controllable parameters in equivalent Jones matrix of on-chip metasurface is limited that restricts the channels for multiplexing. Here, a supercell design based on detour phase and geometric phase has been proposed to reach full-parametric modulation of Jones matrix. As proof of concept, four independent sets of amplitude-phase channels have been experimentally demonstrated through a single on-chip metasurface. Moreover, through joint modulation of three phase mechanisms including detour phase, geometric phase and propagation phase, the Jones matrix could be decoupled from forward- and backward-propagating guided waves for direction multiplexing. This work paves the way for guided wave radiation towards high-capacity multiplexing and may further extend its application in optical communications, optical displays and augmented/virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xueyun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xin Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulations, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Ma Z, Tian T, Liao Y, Feng X, Li Y, Cui K, Liu F, Sun H, Zhang W, Huang Y. Electrically switchable 2 N-channel wave-front control for certain functionalities with N cascaded polarization-dependent metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8370. [PMID: 39333169 PMCID: PMC11436973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces with tunable functionalities are greatly desired for modern optical system and various applications. To increase the operating channels of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces, we proposed a structure of N cascaded dual-channel metasurfaces to achieve 2N electrically switchable channels without intrinsic loss or cross-talk for certain functionalities, including beam steering, vortex beam generation, lens, etc. As proof of principles, we have implemented a 3-layer setup to achieve 8 channels. In success, we have demonstrated two typical functionalities of vortex beam generation with switchable topological charge of l = -3 ~ +4 or l = -1 ~ -8, and beam steering with the deflection direction switchable in an 8×1 line or a 4×2 grid. We believe that our proposal would provide a practical way to significantly increase the scalability and extend the functionality of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces. Although this method is not universal, it is potential for the applications of LiDAR, glasses-free 3D display, OAM (de)multiplexing, and varifocal meta-lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Cui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Li D, Zhou H, Ren Z, Xu C, Lee C. Tailoring Light-Matter Interactions in Overcoupled Resonator for Biomolecule Recognition and Detection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 39325238 PMCID: PMC11427657 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light-matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity, narrow bandwidth, and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations. Here, we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient (μ) (OC-Hμ resonator) by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel, the resonator-oscillator coupling channel, and the frequency detuning channel. We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state, and demonstrated that OC-Hμ resonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive (7.25% nm-1), ultra-broadband (3-10 μm), and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes. These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules, trace detection, and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array (array size is 100 × 100 µm2). In addition, with the assistance of machine learning, mixture classification, concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμ resonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology, while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies, quantum photonics and studying light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore.
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7
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Badloe T, Yang Y, Lee S, Jeon D, Youn J, Kim DS, Rho J. Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Metasurfaces for Instantaneous Measurements of Dispersive Refractive Index. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403143. [PMID: 39225343 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Measurements of the refractive index of liquids are in high demand in numerous fields such as agriculture, food and beverages, and medicine. However, conventional ellipsometric refractive index measurements are too expensive and labor-intensive for consumer devices, while Abbe refractometry is limited to the measurement at a single wavelength. Here, a new approach is proposed using machine learning to unlock the potential of colorimetric metasurfaces for the real-time measurement of the dispersive refractive index of liquids over the entire visible spectrum. The platform with a proof-of-concept experiment for measuring the concentration of glucose is further demonstrated, which holds a profound impact in non-invasive medical sensing. High-index-dielectric metasurfaces are designed and fabricated, while their experimentally measured reflectance and reflected colors, through microscopy and a standard smartphone, are used to train deep-learning models to provide measurements of the dispersive background refractive index with a resolution of ≈10-4, which is comparable to the known index as measured with ellipsometry. These results show the potential of enabling the unique optical properties of metasurfaces with machine learning to create a platform for the quick, simple, and high-resolution measurement of the dispersive refractive index of liquids, without the need for highly specialized experts and optical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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8
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Gölz T, Baù E, Aigner A, Mancini A, Barkey M, Keilmann F, Maier SA, Tittl A. Revealing Mode Formation in Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Metasurfaces via Near-Field Optical Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405978. [PMID: 39092689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Photonic metasurfaces offer exceptional control over light at the nanoscale, facilitating applications spanning from biosensing, and nonlinear optics to photocatalysis. Many metasurfaces, especially resonant ones, rely on periodicity for the collective mode to form, which makes them subject to the influences of finite size effects, defects, and edge effects, which have considerable negative impact at the application level. These aspects are especially important for quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC) metasurfaces, for which the collective mode is highly sensitive to perturbations due to high-quality factors and strong near-field enhancement. Here, the mode formation in quasi-BIC metasurfaces on the individual resonator level using scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) in combination with a new image processing technique, is quantitatively investigated. It is found that the quasi-BIC mode is formed at a minimum size of 10 × 10-unit cells much smaller than expected from far-field measurements. Furthermore, it is shown that the coupling direction of the resonators, defects and edge states have pronounced influence on the quasi-BIC mode. This study serves as a link between the far-field and near-field responses of metasurfaces, offering crucial insights for optimizing spatial footprint and active area, holding promise for augmenting applications such as catalysis and biospectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Gölz
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Baù
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Aigner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology Foundation, Via Rubattino 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
| | - Martin Barkey
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Keilmann
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
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9
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Jung C, Lee E, Rho J. The rise of electrically tunable metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado8964. [PMID: 39178252 PMCID: PMC11343036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, which offer a diverse range of functionalities in a remarkably compact size, have captured the interest of both scientific and industrial sectors. However, their inherent static nature limits their adaptability for their further applications. Reconfigurable metasurfaces have emerged as a solution to this challenge, expanding the potential for diverse applications. Among the series of tunable devices, electrically controllable devices have garnered particular attention owing to their seamless integration with existing electronic equipment. This review presents recent progress reported with respect to electrically tunable devices, providing an overview of their technological development trajectory and current state of the art. In particular, we analyze the major tuning strategies and discuss the applications in spatial light modulators, tunable optical waveguides, and adaptable emissivity regulators. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation are explored, thereby highlighting their potential to bridge the gap between electronics and photonics to enable the development of groundbreaking optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jin R, Zhang X, Huo P, Cai Z, Lu Y, Xu T, Liu Y. Harnessing Enantioselective Optical Forces by Quasibound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:086901. [PMID: 39241716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.086901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective optical forces have garnered significant attention, because they provide a noninvasive means to separate chiral objects. A promising approach to enhance enantioselective optical forces is spatially overlapping and boosting electric and magnetic fields to create giant superchiral fields. Here, we utilize metasurfaces composed of asymmetric silicon dimers that support two distinct quasibound states in the continuum (quasi BICs). By precisely engineering these quasi BICs, we achieve nearly perfect spatial overlap of electric and magnetic fields near their anticrossing point, resulting in a remarkable 10^{4}-fold enhancement of the superchiral field. Consequently, the enantioselective optical force exerting on a single molecule exhibits a substantial increase, with magnitude up to pN/mW μm^{2}. Furthermore, by encircling the anticrossing point, we can switch the handedness of the superchiral field and the enantioselective optical force. Last, we analyze the dynamics of quasi-BIC-assisted chiral separation, highlighting its potential applications in chiral sensing and sorting, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and pharmacology.
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11
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Virmani D, Maciel-Escudero C, Hillenbrand R, Schnell M. Experimental verification of field-enhanced molecular vibrational scattering at single infrared antennas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6760. [PMID: 39117609 PMCID: PMC11310513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy exploits the field enhancement near nanophotonic structures for highly sensitive characterization of (bio)molecules. The vibrational signature observed in SEIRA spectra is typically interpreted as field-enhanced molecular absorption. Here, we study molecular vibrations in the near field of single antennas and show that the vibrational signature can be equally well explained by field-enhanced molecular scattering. Although the infrared scattering cross section of molecules is negligible compared to their absorption cross section, the interference between the molecular-scattered field and the incident field enhances the spectral signature caused by molecular vibrational scattering by 10 orders of magnitude, thus becoming as large as that of field-enhanced molecular absorption. We provide experimental evidence that field-enhanced molecular scattering can be measured, scales in intensity with the fourth power of the local field enhancement and fully explains the vibrational signature in SEIRA spectra in both magnitude and line shape. Our work may open new paths for developing highly sensitive SEIRA sensors that exploit the presented scattering concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Virmani
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Maciel-Escudero
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Martin Schnell
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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12
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Liang Y, Tsai DP, Kivshar Y. From Local to Nonlocal High-Q Plasmonic Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:053801. [PMID: 39159090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.053801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The physics of bound states in the continuum (BICs) allows the design and demonstration of optical resonant structures with large values of the quality factor (Q factor) by employing dielectric structures with low losses. However, BIC is a general wave phenomenon that should be observed in many systems, including the metal-dielectric structures supporting surface plasmon polaritons where optical resonances are hindered by losses. Here we suggest and develop a comprehensive strategy to achieve high-Q resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces by effectively tailoring the resonant modes from local to nonlocal regimes, thus transitioning from quasi-isolated localized resonances to extended resonant modes involving strong interaction among neighboring structure metaunits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Chang K, Ogunlade B, Herndon L, Tadesse LF, Kirane AR, Dionne JA. From Genotype to Phenotype: Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Label-Free Single-Cell Analysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18101-18117. [PMID: 38950145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has made significant progress in biosensing and clinical research. Here, we describe how surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assisted with machine learning (ML) can expand its capabilities to enable interpretable insights into the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome at the single-cell level. We first review how advances in nanophotonics-including plasmonics, metamaterials, and metasurfaces-enhance Raman scattering for rapid, strong label-free spectroscopy. We then discuss ML approaches for precise and interpretable spectral analysis, including neural networks, perturbation and gradient algorithms, and transfer learning. We provide illustrative examples of single-cell Raman phenotyping using nanophotonics and ML, including bacterial antibiotic susceptibility predictions, stem cell expression profiles, cancer diagnostics, and immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity predictions. Lastly, we discuss exciting prospects for the future of single-cell Raman spectroscopy, including Raman instrumentation, self-driving laboratories, Raman data banks, and machine learning for uncovering biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Liam Herndon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Loza F Tadesse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Jameel Clinic for AI & Healthcare, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amanda R Kirane
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Chern RL, Hsu TJ. Bound states in the continuum in divided triangular hole metasurfaces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13020. [PMID: 38844590 PMCID: PMC11156931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the bound states in the continuum (BICs) in dielectric metasurfaces consisting of a two-part divided triangular hole in the unit cell of a square lattice, with emphasis on the generation, splitting, and merging of BICs. At the smallest height ratio between the upper triangular and the lower trapezoidal holes, the accidental BIC with an extremely large quality factor emerges on an isolated dispersion band at the Brillouin zone center, which is recognized as a polarization singularity (V point) with an integer topological charge. As the height ratio increases, the accidental BIC is split into a pair of circularly polarized states, which are polarization singularities (C points) with half-integer topological charges. The two states depart from each other to a maximum distance, and then approach each other as the height ratio continues to change. They finally merge to another polarization singularity (V point) with an integer topological charge, which is identified as the Friedrich-Wintgen BIC that occurs near the avoided crossing between two interacting dispersion bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Lin Chern
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ti-Jung Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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15
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Zhong S, Guan Z, Yang F, Jiang Y, Zhao L, Wang W, Liu D, Cai W, Li Y. An Ultra-broadband Metallic Plasmonic Antenna for Ultrasensitive Molecular Fingerprint Identification. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6805-6812. [PMID: 38787360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Near-field enhanced mid-infrared light-matter interactions via metallic plasmonic antennae (PA) have attracted much attention but are inevitably limited by the detuning between their narrow band and the broad applied spectral range. Here, we develop a new low-temperature incubation synthetic method to acquire uniform Ag microparticles (MPs) with numerous hotspots. Their plasmonic band is remarkably extended by the plasmonic coupling of numerous hotspots and covers the entire mid-infrared range (400-4000 cm-1). Hence, the almost complete molecular fingerprint of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile was successfully probed for the first time via resonant surface-enhanced infrared absorption (rSEIRA), and the rSEIRA spectra of different essential amino acids were further detected and exhibit a high spectral identification degree assisted by machine learning. This work changes the inertia perception of "narrow band and large size but small hotspot area" of mid-infrared metallic PA and paves the way for the ultrasensitive mid-infrared optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichuan Zhong
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilong Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kim J, Im JH, So S, Choi Y, Kang H, Lim B, Lee M, Kim YK, Rho J. Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311785. [PMID: 38456592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse-designed-metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single-phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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17
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Richter FU, Sinev I, Zhou S, Leitis A, Oh SH, Tseng ML, Kivshar Y, Altug H. Gradient High-Q Dielectric Metasurfaces for Broadband Sensing and Control of Vibrational Light-Matter Coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314279. [PMID: 38511549 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) has emerged as a powerful technique for ultrasensitive chemical-specific analysis. SEIRA can be realized by employing metasurfaces that can enhance light-matter interactions in the spectral bands of molecular vibrations. Increasing sample complexity emphasizes the need for metasurfaces that can operate simultaneously at different spectral bands, both accessing rich spectral information over a broad band, and resolving subtle differences in the absorption fingerprints through narrow-band resonances. Here, a novel concept of resonance-gradient metasurfaces is introduced, where the required spectral selectivity is achieved via local high-quality-factor (high-Q) resonances, while the continuous coverage of a broad band is enabled by the gradual adjustment of the unit-cell dimensions along the planar structure. The highly tailorable design of the gradient metasurfaces provides flexibility for shaping the spectral sampling density to match the relevant bands of target analytes while keeping a compact device footprint. The versatility of the gradient metasurfaces is demonstrated through several sensing scenarios, including polymer mixture deconvolution, detecting a multistep bioassay, and identification of the onset of vibrational strong coupling regime. The proposed gradient-resonance platform significantly contributes to the rapidly evolving landscape of nonlocal metasurfaces, enabling applications in molecular detection and analysis of fundamental light-matter interaction phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ulrich Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Sinev
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Senlu Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandrs Leitis
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ming Lun Tseng
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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18
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Sun M, Lin J, Xue Y, Wang W, Shi S, Zhang S, Shi Y. A Terahertz Metasurface Sensor Based on Quasi-BIC for Detection of Additives in Infant Formula. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:883. [PMID: 38786839 PMCID: PMC11123880 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Prohibited additives in infant formula severely affect the health of infants. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has enormous application potential in analyte detection due to its rich fingerprint information content. However, there is limited research on the mixtures of multiple analytes. In this study, we propose a split ring metasurface that supports magnetic dipole bound states in the continuum (BIC). By breaking the symmetry, quasi-BIC with a high quality (Q) factor can be generated. Utilizing an angle-scanning strategy, the frequency of the resonance dip can be shifted, resulting in the plotting of an envelope curve which can reflect the molecular fingerprint of the analytes. Two prohibited additives found in infant formula, melamine and vanillin, can be identified in different proportions. Furthermore, a metric similar to the resolution in chromatographic analysis is introduced and calculated to be 0.61, indicating that these two additives can be detected simultaneously. Our research provides a new solution for detecting additives in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanpeng Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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19
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Wang B, Wei R, Shi H, Bao Y. Dynamic Spatial-Selective Metasurface with Multiple-Beam Interference. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5886-5893. [PMID: 38687301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the metasurface has provided a versatile platform for the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Recent research in metasurfaces has explored a plethora of dynamic control and switching of multifunctionalities, paving the way for innovative applications in fields such as imaging, sensing, and communication. However, current dynamic multifunctional metasurfaces face challenges in terms of functional scalability and selective activation. In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a strategy that utilizes multiple plane waves to create arbitrary periodic patterns on the metasurface, thus enabling the dynamic and arbitrary spatial-selective activation of its embedded multiplexed functionalities. Furthermore, our strategy facilitates dynamic light control through mechanical translation, as demonstrated by a high-speed, dynamically switchable beam deflection scenario. Our method effectively overcomes the limitations associated with traditional spatially multiplexing techniques, offering greater flexibility and selectivity for dynamic control in multifunctional metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyou Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hongsheng Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanjun Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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20
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Du D, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Graphene-integrated microring cavity for electronically controlled molecular fingerprinting. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:3916-3921. [PMID: 38856355 DOI: 10.1364/ao.519693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microring cavities supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have an exceptionally high quality factor (Q) and a small mode volume, greatly improving the interaction between light and matter, which has attracted great attention in various microscale/nanoscale photonic devices and potential applications. Recently, two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials such as graphene have emerged as a potential platform for next-generation biosensing by enabling the confinement of light fields at the nanoscale. Here, we propose what we believe to be a novel approach to achieve molecular fingerprint retrieval by integrating graphene into a microring cavity and conducting numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The hybrid cavity exhibits high-quality WGMs with a high Q factor of up to 800. Moreover, the resonant wavelength can be electronically controlled through modulation of graphene's Fermi level, enabling coverage of the entire free spectral range at infrared frequencies. By depositing a thin layer of biomolecular material (e.g., CBP) onto the surface of our hybrid cavity, we are able to accurately read out the absorption spectrum at multiple spectral points, thereby achieving broadband fingerprint retrieval for the targeted biomolecule. Our results pave the way for highly sensitive, chip-integrated, miniaturized, and electrically modulated infrared spectroscopy biosensing.
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21
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Barkey M, Büchner R, Wester A, Pritzl SD, Makarenko M, Wang Q, Weber T, Trauner D, Maier SA, Fratalocchi A, Lohmüller T, Tittl A. Pixelated High- Q Metasurfaces for in Situ Biospectroscopy and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Classification of Lipid Membrane Photoswitching Dynamics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11644-11654. [PMID: 38653474 PMCID: PMC11080459 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanophotonic devices excel at confining light into intense hot spots of electromagnetic near fields, creating exceptional opportunities for light-matter coupling and surface-enhanced sensing. Recently, all-dielectric metasurfaces with ultrasharp resonances enabled by photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have unlocked additional functionalities for surface-enhanced biospectroscopy by precisely targeting and reading out the molecular absorption signatures of diverse molecular systems. However, BIC-driven molecular spectroscopy has so far focused on end point measurements in dry conditions, neglecting the crucial interaction dynamics of biological systems. Here, we combine the advantages of pixelated all-dielectric metasurfaces with deep learning-enabled feature extraction and prediction to realize an integrated optofluidic platform for time-resolved in situ biospectroscopy. Our approach harnesses high-Q metasurfaces specifically designed for operation in a lossy aqueous environment together with advanced spectral sampling techniques to temporally resolve the dynamic behavior of photoswitchable lipid membranes. Enabled by a software convolutional neural network, we further demonstrate the real-time classification of the characteristic cis and trans membrane conformations with 98% accuracy. Our synergistic sensing platform incorporating metasurfaces, optofluidics, and deep learning reveals exciting possibilities for studying multimolecular biological systems, ranging from the behavior of transmembrane proteins to the dynamic processes associated with cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barkey
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rebecca Büchner
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alwin Wester
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefanie D. Pritzl
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maksim Makarenko
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qizhou Wang
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- School of
Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Blackett
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial
College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
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22
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Shi J, Li M, Tang L, Li X, Jia X, Guo C, Bai H, Ma H, Wang X, Niu P, Weng J, Yao J. All-Dielectric Integrated Meta-Antenna Operating in 6G Terahertz Communication Window. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308958. [PMID: 38189638 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Efficient transceivers and antennas at terahertz frequencies are leading the development of 6G terahertz communication systems. The antenna design for high-resolution terahertz spatial sensing and communication remains challenging, while emergent metallic metasurface antennas can address this issue but often suffer from low efficiency and complex manufacturing. Here, an all-dielectric integrated meta-antenna operating in 6G terahertz communication window for high-efficiency beam focusing in the sub-wavelength scale is reported. With the antenna surface functionalized by metagrating arrays with asymmetric scattering patterns, the design and optimization methods are demonstrated with a physical size constraint. The highest manipulation and diffraction efficiencies achieve 84.1% and 48.1%. The commercially accessible fabrication method with low cost and easy to implement has been demonstrated for the meta-antenna by photocuring 3D printing. A filamentous focal spot is measured as 0.86λ with a long depth of focus of 25.3λ. Its application for integrated imaging and communication has been demonstrated. The proposed technical roadmap provides a general pathway for creating high-efficiency integrated meta-antennas with great potential in high-resolution 6G terahertz spatial sensing and communication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Longhuang Tang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xing Jia
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Cuijuan Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Heli Ma
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Pingjuan Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jidong Weng
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Lin T, Huang Y, Zhong S, Shi T, Sun F, Zhong Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Q, Cui D. Passive trapping of biomolecules in hotspots with all-dielectric terahertz metamaterials. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116126. [PMID: 38367565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterials feature the capability of squeezing photons into hotspot regions of high intensity near-field enhancement for strong light-matter interaction, underpinning the next generation of emerging biosensors. However, randomly dispersed biomolecules around the hotspots lead to weak interactions. Here, we demonstrate an all-silicon dielectric terahertz metamaterial sensor design capable of passively trapping biomoleculars into the resonant cavities confined with powerful electric field. Specifically, multiple controllable high-quality factor resonances driven by bound states in the continuum (BIC) are realized by employing longitudinal symmetry breaking. The dielectric metamaterial sensor with nearly 15.2 experimental figure-of-merit enabling qualitative and quantitative identification of different amino acids by delivering biomolecules to the hotspots for strong light-matter interactions. It is envisioned that the presented strategy will enlighten high-performance meta-sensors design from microwaves to visible frequencies, and serve as a potential platform for microfluidic sensing, biomolecular capture, and sorting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Tingting Shi
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiukun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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24
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Nguyen TTQ, Lee EM, Dang TTT, Kim ER, Ko Y, Gu MB. An IoT-based aptasensor biochip for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116097. [PMID: 38330774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Severe periodontitis affects nearly 1 billion individuals worldwide, highlighting the need for early diagnosis. Here, an integrated system consisting of a microfluidic chip and a portable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic device is developed using a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chip fabrication and a three-dimensional printing technique, which is automatically controlled by a custom-designed smartphone application to routinely assess the presence of a specific periodontitis biomarker, odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM). A sandwich-type fluorescence aptasensor is developed on a microfluidic chip, utilizing aptamer pair (MB@OD64 and OD35@FAM) selectively binding to target ODAM. Then this microfluidic chip is integrated into an automated Internet of Things (IoT)-based POC device, where fluorescence intensity, as a signal, from the secondary aptamer binding to ODAM in a sandwich-type binding reaction on the microfluidic chip is measured by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera with a 488 nm light-emitting diode (LED) excitation source. Obtained signals are processed by a microprocessor and visualized on a wirelessly connected smartphone application. This integrated biosensor system allows the rapid and accurate detection of ODAM within 30 min with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 0.011 nM under buffer conditions. Clinical application is demonstrated by successfully distinguishing between low-risk and high-risk individuals with 100 % specificity. A strong potential in the translation of this fluorescence-based microfluidic aptasensor integrated with an IoT-based POC system is expected to be employed for non-invasive, on-site, rapid, and accurate ODAM detection, facilitating periodontitis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh-Qui Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thanh-Thao Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ryung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Lin J, Xue Y, Wang W, Sun M, Shi S, Zhang S, Shi Y. Enhancing Multi-Spectral Fingerprint Sensing for Trace Explosive Molecules with All-Silicon Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:738. [PMID: 38727332 PMCID: PMC11085410 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify the specific fingerprints of analytes in a label-free way. However, conventional sensing methods face unavoidable barriers in analyzing trace-amount target molecules due to the difficulties of enhancing the broadband molecular absorption. Here, we propose a sensing scheme to achieve strong fingerprint absorption based on the angular-scanning strategy on an all-silicon metasurface. By integrating the mid-infrared and terahertz sensing units into a single metasurface, the sensor can efficiently identify 2,4-DNT with high sensitivity. The results reveal that the fingerprint peak in the enhanced fingerprint spectrum is formed by the linked envelope. It exhibits a significant enhancement factor exceeding 64-fold in the terahertz region and more than 55-fold in the mid-infrared region. Particularly, the corresponding identification limit of 2,4-DNT is 1.32 µg cm-2, respectively. Our study will provide a novel research idea in identifying trace-amount explosives and advance practical applications of absorption spectroscopy enhancement identification in civil and military security industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanpeng Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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26
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Liu L, Luo H, Lu Y, Wang P. Merging diverse bound states in the continuum: from intrinsic to extrinsic scenarios. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16491-16505. [PMID: 38859274 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic crystal slabs are characterized as vortex centers in far-field polarization and infinite quality (Q) factors, which can be dynamically manipulated in momentum space to construct the singularity configurations with functionalities such as merging BICs for further suppress scattering loss of nearby resonance. However, the vast majority of research focuses on two types of intrinsic BICs for simplicity, because these polarization singularities affect each other, and are even prone to annihilation. Here, we introduce the extrinsic (Fabry-Pérot) BICs and combine them with the intrinsic BICs to merge diverse BICs in momentum space. The extrinsic BICs can move independently of the intrinsic BICs, providing an unprecedented degree of freedom to reduce the complexity of constructing merging BIC configurations. Interestingly, an interaction of oppositely charged BICs that is collision beyond annihilation is revealed, which only exchanges the topological charge of BICs but not affect their existence. Following the proposed strategy, four-types-BICs merging and steerable three-types merging are achieved at the Γ and off-Γ points, further boosting the Q factor scaling rule up to Q∝k x-14 and Q∝k x-6 respectively. Our findings suggest a systematic route to arrange abundant BICs, may facilitate some applications including beam steering, optical trapping and enhancing the light-matter interactions.
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27
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Yao Z, Zhang S, Wang R, Tian Z, Han J, Chang C, Lou J, Yan X, Qiu C. Advanced Terahertz Refractive Sensing And Fingerprint Recognition Through Metasurface-Excited Surface Waves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308453. [PMID: 38180283 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
High-sensitive metasurface-based sensors are essential for effective substance detection and insightful bio-interaction studies, which compress light in subwavelength volumes to enhance light-matter interactions. However, current methods to improve sensing performance always focus on optimizing near-field response of individual meta-atom, and fingerprint recognition for bio-substances necessitates several pixelated metasurfaces to establish a quasi-continuous spectrum. Here, a novel sensing strategy is proposed to achieve Terahertz (THz) refractive sensing, and fingerprint recognition based on surface waves (SWs). Leveraging the long-range transmission, strong confinement, and interface sensitivity of SWs, a metasurface-supporting SWs excitation and propagation is experimentally verified to achieve sensing integrations. Through wide-band information collection of SWs, the proposed sensor not only facilitates refractive sensing up to 215.5°/RIU, but also enables the simultaneous resolution of multiple fingerprint information within a continuous spectrum. By covering 5 µm thickness of polyimide, quartz and silicon nitride layers, the maximum phase change of 91.1°, 101.8°, and 126.4° is experimentally obtained within THz band, respectively. Thus, this strategy broadens the research scope of metasurface-excited SWs and introduces a novel paradigm for ultrasensitive sensing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Zhang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhibo Yao
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Chang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengwei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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28
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Chen Z, Cao A, Liu D, Zhu Z, Yang F, Fan Y, Liu R, Huang Z, Li Y. Self-Confined Dewetting Mechanism in Wafer-Scale Patterning of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays with Strong Surface Lattice Resonance for Plasmonic Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306239. [PMID: 38225745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A self-confined solid-state dewetting mechanism is reported that can fundamentally reduce the use of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, enabling efficient wafer-scale patterning of non-closely packed (ncp) gold nanoparticle arrays. When combined with a soft lithography process, this approach can address the reproducibility challenges associated with colloidal crystal self-assembly, allowing for the batch fabrication of ncp gold arrays with consistent ordering and even optical properties. The resulting dewetted ncp gold nanoparticle arrays exhibit strong surface lattice resonance properties when excited in inhomogeneous environments under normal white-light incidence. With these SLR properties, the sensitive plasmonic sensing of molecular interactions is achieved using a simple transmission setup. This study will advance the development of miniaturized and portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Chen
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - An Cao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dilong Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Goldots Detection technology of Hefei Co. Ltd, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoting Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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29
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Qian L, Zhang W, Sun H, Zhang X. Non-Abelian Topological Bound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:046601. [PMID: 38335357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs), which are spatially localized states with energies lying in the continuum of extended modes, have been widely investigated in both quantum and classical systems. Recently, the combination of topological band theory with BICs has led to the creation of topological BICs that exhibit extraordinary robustness against disorder. However, the previously proposed topological BICs are only limited in systems with Abelian gauge fields. Whether non-Abelian gauge fields can induce topological BICs and how to experimentally explore these phenomena remains unresolved. Here, we report the theoretical and experimental realization of non-Abelian topological BICs, which are generated by the interplay between two inseparable pseudospins and can coexist in each pseudospin subspace. This unique characteristic necessitates non-Abelian couplings that lack any Abelian counterparts. Furthermore, the non-Abelian couplings can also offer a new avenue for constructing topological subspace-induced BICs at bulk dislocations. Those exotic phenomena are observed by non-Abelian topolectrical circuits. Our results establish the connection between topological BICs and non-Abelian gauge fields, and serve as the catalyst for future investigations on non-Abelian topological BICs across different platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qian
- Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Houjuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter wave and Terahertz Techniques, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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30
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Jangid P, Richter FU, Tseng ML, Sinev I, Kruk S, Altug H, Kivshar Y. Spectral Tuning of High-Harmonic Generation with Resonance-Gradient Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307494. [PMID: 37933748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
High-index dielectric subwavelength structures and metasurfaces are capable of enhancing light-matter interaction by orders of magnitude via geometry-dependent optical resonances. This enhancement, however, comes with a fundamental limitation of a narrow spectral range of operation in the vicinity of one or few resonant frequencies. Here, this limitation is tackled by introducing an innovative and practical approach to achieve spectrally tunable enhancement of light-matter interaction with resonant metasurfaces. Resonance-gradient metasurfaces are designed and fabricated with varying geometrical parameters that translate into resonant frequencies dependence on one of the coordinates of the metasurface. The metasurfaces are composed of bone-like nanoresonators, which are made of germanium and support high-quality optical resonances in the mid-IR spectral range. The concept is applied to observe the resonant enhancement of the third and fifth harmonics generated from the gradient metasurfaces being used in conjunction with a tunable excitation laser to provide a wide spectral coverage of resonantly-enhanced tunable generation of multiple optical harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jangid
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Felix Ulrich Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ming Lun Tseng
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Sinev
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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31
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Gao JY, Liu J, Yang HM, Liu HS, Zeng G, Huang B. Anisotropic medium sensing controlled by bound states in the continuum in polarization-independent metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:44703-44719. [PMID: 38178534 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) with infinite quality factor (Q-factor) and significant field enhancement pave the way for realizing highly sensitive optical sensors with enhanced light-matter interactions on the nanoscale. However, current optical sensing methods are difficult to discriminate between isotropic and anisotropic media from resonance spectral lines, resulting in optical sensing methods still being limited to isotropic media. In this work, we demonstrate that BICs can be realized by modulating the period of structural units to convert BICs to QBICs without changing their space group symmetry, and propose a polarization-independent metasurfaces-based realization of highly sensitive refractive index sensors for isotropic and anisotropic media as well as discrimination. We propose a metasurface of tetrameric silicon nanoboxes with C4 symmetry as structural units to achieve the conversion of BICs to QBICs by modulating the period of structural units without changing the geometry of the structure. Two QBICs modes dominated by electric toroidal dipole and magnetic toroidal dipole are identified by multipolar decomposition and electromagnetic distribution calculations. Meanwhile, we realize the refractive index detection and resolution of isotropic and anisotropic media based on polarization-independent metasurfaces combined with isotropic and anisotropic media layers. Our work provides what we believe to be a new method for realizing the fast resolution and refractive index optical sensing of isotropic and anisotropic media, and offers new ideas for the design and application of polarization-independent metasurfaces.
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32
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Jeon T, Myung J, Choi C, Shayegan K, Lewis SM, Scherer A. Novel Deposition Method of Crosslinked Polyethylene Thin Film for Low-Refractive-Index Mid-Infrared Optical Coatings. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9810. [PMID: 38139656 PMCID: PMC10748295 DOI: 10.3390/s23249810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared optics require optical coatings composed of high- and low-refractive-index dielectric layers for the design of optical mirrors, filters, and anti-reflection coatings. However, there are not many technologies for depositing a material with a refractive index of less than 2 and a low loss in the mid-infrared region. Here, we present a unique deposition method of crosslinked polyethylene thin film for mid-IR optical filter design. Polyethylene has a refractive index of 1.52 in the mid-infrared region and a small number of absorption peaks, so it is useful for making optical filters in the mid-infrared region. Only 1 keV of energy is required to crosslink the entire film by irradiating an electron beam while depositing polyethylene. In addition, crosslinked polyethylene thin film has high mechanical strength, so there is no cracking or peeling when used with germanium. This allows for the use of crosslinked polyethylene as a low refractive index for mid-infrared optical coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Jeon
- Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 200-79, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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33
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Li X, Nie L, Wu H, Zhang L, Yan D. Enhancing THz fingerprint detection by the stretchable substrate with a dielectric metagrating. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9028-9035. [PMID: 38108738 DOI: 10.1364/ao.501933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) wave contains abundant spectrum resources and is still in the early stages of development. It has great application potential in biomedical engineering and public security. However, in these areas there are difficulties to overcome like measuring the wide band absorption of a trace mount sample. In this paper, a THz absorption enhancing method is suggested by a multiplexing strategy. By gradually expanding the stretchable substrate of the dielectric metagrating with an oblique THz wave incidence, the resonance peak frequencies can cover the frequency range of 0.48-0.58 THz. Also, the corresponding envelope built by the peaks of the metagrating absorption spectrum with the 0.2 µm α-lactose film can demonstrate 71.55 times boosting compared to the original absorption amplitude of the film. The investigation witnesses possibilities for the detection of biomacromolecular materials.
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34
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Yan D, Cui J, Li X, Zhang L, Li J, Lu W. Enhancement of wide-band trace terahertz absorption spectroscopy based on microstructures: a review. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31542-31553. [PMID: 37982714 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Research on the interaction between nanoscale materials and light holds significant scientific significance for the development of fields such as optoelectronic conversion and biosensing. The study of micro- and nano-optics has produced numerous outstanding research achievements by utilizing the dielectric optical coupling mechanism and plasmon effects to enhance the interaction between light and matter. These findings have demonstrated tremendous potential for applications in the field of molecular fingerprint sensing. This review focuses on a retrospective analysis of recent research studies in the enhancement of wide-band trace terahertz absorption spectroscopy. The physical mechanisms of using waveguide structures, dielectric metasurfaces/meta-gratings, and spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPs) to improve the interaction between light and trace-amount matters are introduced. The new approaches and methods for enhancing broad-band terahertz absorption spectroscopy of trace samples using microstructure designs are discussed. Additionally, we elucidate the scientific ideas and exploratory achievements in enhancing terahertz fingerprint spectroscopy detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on the research and development direction and potential practical applications of absorption spectroscopy enhancement detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Yan
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jining Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxin Lu
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
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Li G, Wen B, Yang J, Wu M, Zhou B, Ye X, Tang H, Zhou J, Cai J. Cost-Effective Nanophotonic Metasurfaces with Spatially Gradient Structures for Ultrasensitive Imaging-Based Refractometric Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300873. [PMID: 37884469 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic metasurfaces are widely utilized in various domains, such as biomedical, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, benefiting from their unique advantages of label-free, noninvasive, and real-time response. However, nanophotonic metasurfaces usually rely on sophisticated instruments, and expensive and time-consuming fabrication processes, which severely restricts their practical applications. Herein, a spatially gradient metasurface is integrated with an imaging-based sensing scheme, waiving the requirement of spectrometers and achieving an ultrahigh imaging-based sensitivity of 3321 pixels/refractive index unit superior to that characterized using conventional compact spectrometers. The metasurface is fabricated by nanoimprint lithography using a reusable cyclic olefin copolymer template featuring millions of unique nanostructures. Under the illumination of monochromatic light, the transmittance of different nanostructures on the metasurface differs, resulting in grayscale images with varied intensity distributions. Analyzing the intensity change of the metasurface's recorded image can obtain the covering medium's refractive index. Furthermore, through theory and experimentation, the high reliability of the proposed reusable and flexible template has been verified for nanophotonic metasurface fabrication which further reduces the fabrication cost of core sensing elements. Finally, with proper optimization of the metasurface structure and imaging system, this setup is expected to be applied to many emerging areas of point-of-care, real-time, and on-site biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Baohua Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ji Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mingxi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyi Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jingxuan Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Kühner L, Wendisch FJ, Antonov AA, Bürger J, Hüttenhofer L, de S Menezes L, Maier SA, Gorkunov MV, Kivshar Y, Tittl A. Unlocking the out-of-plane dimension for photonic bound states in the continuum to achieve maximum optical chirality. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:250. [PMID: 37828041 PMCID: PMC10570380 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The realization of lossless metasurfaces with true chirality crucially requires the fabrication of three-dimensional structures, constraining experimental feasibility and hampering practical implementations. Even though the three-dimensional assembly of metallic nanostructures has been demonstrated previously, the resulting plasmonic resonances suffer from high intrinsic and radiative losses. The concept of photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) is instrumental for tailoring radiative losses in diverse geometries, especially when implemented using lossless dielectrics, but applications have so far been limited to planar structures. Here, we introduce a novel nanofabrication approach to unlock the height of individual resonators within all-dielectric metasurfaces as an accessible parameter for the efficient control of resonance features and nanophotonic functionalities. In particular, we realize out-of-plane symmetry breaking in quasi-BIC metasurfaces and leverage this design degree of freedom to demonstrate an optical all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface with maximum intrinsic chirality that responds selectively to light of a particular circular polarization depending on the structural handedness. Our experimental results not only open a new paradigm for all-dielectric BICs and chiral nanophotonics, but also promise advances in the realization of efficient generation of optical angular momentum, holographic metasurfaces, and parity-time symmetry-broken optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fedja J Wendisch
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Alexander A Antonov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Johannes Bürger
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany.
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Xing X, Zou D, Mao B, Yao J, Ouyang C, Wang Z, Wu L. Terahertz narrowband filter metasurfaces based on bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35272-35281. [PMID: 37859262 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect realized by metasurfaces have potential for narrowband filtering due to their narrow bandwidth. In optics, bound states in the continuum (BIC) can produce strong localized resonances, which means that light can be trapped and stored for long periods of time to produce very high Q-factors. This has potential applications in designing highly efficient sensors and narrow bandpass filters. Here, we present two metal-flexible dielectric metasurfaces consisting of copper structures and polyimide substrates. Quasi BICs are obtained by breaking C2 symmetry of the metal structures. Resonance-captured quasi-BICs with ultra-high q-factor resonances satisfy the dark modes required to realize the EIT and couple to the bright modes in the structure to achieve narrowband filtering. The peak transmission rates are around 0.9 at 0.29 THz-0.32 THz and 0.23 THz-0.27 THz, respectively. Our results have practical implications for the realization of low-frequency terahertz communications.
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Zong X, Li L, Liu Y. Merging bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurfaces for ultrahigh-Q resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5045-5048. [PMID: 37773381 DOI: 10.1364/ol.504476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) offers a simple approach to engineer metasurfaces with high-quality (Q) factors. However, traditional designs driven by symmetry-protected BICs require an extremely small perturbation parameter to obtain very large Q factors, complicating fabrication and limiting practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a BIC-driven structure composed of two coupled all-dielectric metasurfaces that enables ultrahigh-Q resonances even at large perturbations. The underlying mechanism enabling this is to merge the symmetry-protected BIC and Fabry-Pérot BIC in the parameter space by tuning the distance between the two metasurfaces, thereby altering the intrinsic radiation behavior of the isolated symmetry-protected BIC. It is found that this simple strategy results in Q factors that are three orders of magnitude higher than those with isolated-BIC configurations. Our approach provides a promising route for designing high-Q BIC nanostructures promising in exciting device applications as sensors and filters.
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Zheng M, Shen Y, Zheng L, She X, Jin C. Transfer-Printing Hydrogel-Based Platform for Moisture-Driven Dynamic Display and Optical Anti-Counterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45239-45248. [PMID: 37703469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive materials offer a promising approach to achieving tunable metasurface systems due to their fast and reversible swelling responses to moisture, which enables many important applications, such as real-time humidity sensing, optical switches, dynamic displays, and optical information encryption. However, the humidity-responsive structural coloration generally cannot provide a high spatial resolution and requires a complex patterning process. Here, we present a scalable moisture-driven color-changing Fabry-Pérot (FP)-like cavity composed of a polyvinyl alcohol layer sandwiched between an upper gold nanoparticles assembly and a bottom gold mirror. Through nanoparticle contact printing, we pixelated these cavities with sub-micrometer sizes without crosstalk and achieved an ultrahigh display resolution of ∼400 nm. Meanwhile, these nanoparticle-based FP (NBFP) cavities exhibit more vibrant colors than those of conventional film-based ones due to broadband absorption of the disordered nanoparticle assembly. Moreover, the NBFP cavities exhibit a rapid response (<300 ms), benefiting from the membrane pores formed in the gaps between the adjacent nanoparticles. Finally, we demonstrated the applications of the NBFP cavities in optical anti-counterfeiting and dynamic multi-color printing. These results suggest that our approach will help to realize a colorful, fast, and ultrahigh-resolution dynamic display device in optical security and colorimetric sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyi She
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chongjun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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40
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Chern RL, Chang JC, Yang HC. Bound states in the continuum in anisotropic photonic crystal slabs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14139. [PMID: 37644043 PMCID: PMC10465559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic crystal slabs composed of alternating anisotropic and isotropic dielectric materials. According to the orientation of optical axis plane, three different configurations are proposed for analyzing various types of BICs, associated with extremely large quality factors and vanishing spectral linewidths. In particular, symmetry-protected (SP) BICs exist at the Brillouin zone center for zero rotation angle of the optical axis, which exhibit antisymmetric field patterns that are decoupled from the symmetric radiating fields. Accidental BICs and Friedrich-Wintgen (FW) BICs also occur at the Brillouin zone center for particular rotation angles of the optical axis. The former emerge on isolated bands with quasi-symmetric or quasi-antisymmetric field patterns, while the latter appear near the avoided crossing between two dispersion bands. At off the Brillouin zone center, SP BICs do not exist while accidental BICs and FW BICs appear at particular optical axis rotation angles, with similar features but somewhat more asymmetric field patterns than those at the Brillouin zone center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Lin Chern
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Chien Chang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chi Yang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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41
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Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
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42
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Li X, Ding D, Yan D, Liu J, Zhang L. Boosting of the terahertz absorption spectrum based on one-dimensional plastic photonic crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21324-21330. [PMID: 37528802 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Although terahertz (THz) spectroscopy exhibits a broad application potential in the field of fingerprint sensing and detection, there remain some limitations with the conventional sensing methods for analyzing trace analytes. In this study, a terahertz absorption spectrum boosting method based on the defect one-dimensional (1D) plastic photonic crystal (PPC) structure is proposed to improve the interaction between the terahertz wave and the trace samples. Affected by the Fabry Perot resonance, the local electric field in thin film analytes will be improved. Furthermore, the resonant frequency will be varied by changing the defect width of the 1D PPC. The structure of the uniform planar film sample is easily built and measured. The boosted terahertz absorption spectrum can be obtained by linking the resonant absorption peaks. For the 0.2 μm α-lactose films, a large absorption enhancement factor of about 105 times can be achieved, which has great potential in identifying different analytes. The study performed here gives a novel investigation direction for boosting the broad terahertz absorption spectrum of trace amounts of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Li
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dexian Yan
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Li D, Zhou H, Chen Z, Ren Z, Xu C, He X, Liu T, Chen X, Huang H, Lee C, Mu X. Ultrasensitive Molecular Fingerprint Retrieval Using Strongly Detuned Overcoupled Plasmonic Nanoantennas. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301787. [PMID: 37204145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring light-matter interactions via plasmonic nanoantennas (PNAs) has emerged as a breakthrough technology for spectroscopic applications. The detuning between molecular vibrations and plasmonic resonances, as a fundamental and inevitable optical phenomenon in light-matter interactions, reduces the interaction efficiency, resulting in a weak molecule sensing signal at the strong detuning state. Here, it is demonstrated that the low interaction efficiency from detuning can be tackled by overcoupled PNAs (OC-PNAs) with a high ratio of the radiative to intrinsic loss rates, which can be used for ultrasensitive spectroscopy at strong plasmonic-molecular detuning. In OC-PNAs, the ultrasensitive molecule signals are achieved within a wavelength detuning range of 248 cm-1 , which is 173 cm-1 wider than previous works. Meanwhile, the OC-PNAs are immune to the distortion of molecular signals and maintain a lineshape consistent with the molecular signature fingerprint. This strategy allows a single device to enhance and capture the full and complex fingerprint vibrations in the mid-infrared range. In the proof-of-concept demonstration, 13 kinds of molecules with some vibration fingerprints strongly detuning by the OC-PNAs are identified with 100% accuracy with the assistance of machine-learning algorithms. This work gains new insights into detuning-state nanophotonics for potential applications including spectroscopy and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianming He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Xiaojing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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44
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John-Herpin A, Tittl A, Kühner L, Richter F, Huang SH, Shvets G, Oh SH, Altug H. Metasurface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: An Abundance of Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2110163. [PMID: 35638248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy provides unique information on the composition and dynamics of biochemical systems by resolving the characteristic absorption fingerprints of their constituent molecules. Based on this inherent chemical specificity and the capability for label-free, noninvasive, and real-time detection, infrared spectroscopy approaches have unlocked a plethora of breakthrough applications for fields ranging from environmental monitoring and defense to chemical analysis and medical diagnostics. Nanophotonics has played a crucial role for pushing the sensitivity limits of traditional far-field spectroscopy by using resonant nanostructures to focus the incident light into nanoscale hot-spots of the electromagnetic field, greatly enhancing light-matter interaction. Metasurfaces composed of regular arrangements of such resonators further increase the design space for tailoring this nanoscale light control both spectrally and spatially, which has established them as an invaluable toolkit for surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Starting from the fundamental concepts of metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy, a broad palette of resonator geometries, materials, and arrangements for realizing highly sensitive metadevices is showcased, with a special focus on emerging systems such as phononic and 2D van der Waals materials, and integration with waveguides for lab-on-a-chip devices. Furthermore, advanced sensor functionalities of metasurface-based infrared spectroscopy, including multiresonance, tunability, dielectrophoresis, live cell sensing, and machine-learning-aided analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Richter
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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45
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Yang S, Ndukaife JC. Optofluidic transport and assembly of nanoparticles using an all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:188. [PMID: 37507389 PMCID: PMC10382587 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating fluids by light at the micro/nanoscale has been a long-sought-after goal for lab-on-a-chip applications. Plasmonic heating has been demonstrated to control microfluidic dynamics due to the enhanced and confined light absorption from the intrinsic losses of metals. Dielectrics, the counterpart of metals, has been used to avoid undesired thermal effects due to its negligible light absorption. Here, we report an innovative optofluidic system that leverages a quasi-BIC-driven all-dielectric metasurface to achieve subwavelength scale control of temperature and fluid motion. Our experiments show that suspended particles down to 200 nanometers can be rapidly aggregated to the center of the illuminated metasurface with a velocity of tens of micrometers per second, and up to millimeter-scale particle transport is demonstrated. The strong electromagnetic field enhancement of the quasi-BIC resonance increases the flow velocity up to three times compared with the off-resonant situation by tuning the wavelength within several nanometers range. We also experimentally investigate the dynamics of particle aggregation with respect to laser wavelength and power. A physical model is presented and simulated to elucidate the phenomena and surfactants are added to the nanoparticle colloid to validate the model. Our study demonstrates the application of the recently emerged all-dielectric thermonanophotonics in dealing with functional liquids and opens new frontiers in harnessing non-plasmonic nanophotonics to manipulate microfluidic dynamics. Moreover, the synergistic effects of optofluidics and high-Q all-dielectric nanostructures hold enormous potential in high-sensitivity biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justus C Ndukaife
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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46
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Chung T, Wang H, Cai H. Dielectric metasurfaces for next-generation optical biosensing: a comparison with plasmonic sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ace117. [PMID: 37352839 PMCID: PMC10416613 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanophotonic biosensors have been extended from the extensively studied plasmonic platforms to dielectric metasurfaces. Instead of plasmonic resonance, dielectric metasurfaces are based on Mie resonance, and provide comparable sensitivity with superior resonance bandwidth, Q factor, and figure-of-merit. Although the plasmonic photothermal effect is beneficial in many biomedical applications, it is a fundamental limitation for biosensing. Dielectric metasurfaces solve the ohmic loss and heating problems, providing better repeatability, stability, and biocompatibility. We review the high-Q resonances based on various physical phenomena tailored by meta-atom geometric designs, and compare dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces in refractometric, surface-enhanced, and chiral sensing for various biomedical and diagnostic applications. Departing from conventional spectral shift measurement using spectrometers, imaging-based and spectrometer-less biosensing are highlighted, including single-wavelength refractometric barcoding, surface-enhanced molecular fingerprinting, and integrated visual reporting. These unique modalities enabled by dielectric metasurfaces point to two important research directions. On the one hand, hyperspectral imaging provides massive information for smart data processing, which not only achieve better biomolecular sensing performance than conventional ensemble averaging, but also enable real-time monitoring of cellular or microbial behaviour in physiological conditions. On the other hand, a single metasurface can integrate both functions of sensing and optical output engineering, using single-wavelength or broadband light sources, which provides simple, fast, compact, and cost-effective solutions. Finally, we provide perspectives in future development on metasurface nanofabrication, functionalization, material, configuration, and integration, towards next-generation optical biosensing for ultra-sensitive, portable/wearable, lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care, multiplexed, and scalable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taerin Chung
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States of America
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Yang Y, Seong J, Choi M, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Jeong J, Jung C, Kim J, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Rho J. Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:152. [PMID: 37339970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Nguyen DD, Lee S, Kim I. Recent Advances in Metaphotonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:631. [PMID: 37366996 PMCID: PMC10296124 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metaphotonic devices, which enable light manipulation at a subwavelength scale and enhance light-matter interactions, have been emerging as a critical pillar in biosensing. Researchers have been attracted to metaphotonic biosensors, as they solve the limitations of the existing bioanalytical techniques, including the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Here, we briefly introduce types of metasurfaces utilized in various metaphotonic biomolecular sensing domains such as refractometry, surface-enhanced fluorescence, vibrational spectroscopy, and chiral sensing. Further, we list the prevalent working mechanisms of those metaphotonic bio-detection schemes. Furthermore, we summarize the recent progress in chip integration for metaphotonic biosensing to enable innovative point-of-care devices in healthcare. Finally, we discuss the impediments in metaphotonic biosensing, such as its cost effectiveness and treatment for intricate biospecimens, and present a prospect for potential directions for materializing these device strategies, significantly influencing clinical diagnostics in health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Du Nguyen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Han W, Reiter S, Schlipf J, Mai C, Spirito D, Jose J, Wenger C, Fischer IA. Strongly enhanced sensitivities of CMOS compatible plasmonic titanium nitride nanohole arrays for refractive index sensing under oblique incidence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17389-17407. [PMID: 37381475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible material with large potential for the fabrication of plasmonic structures suited for device integration. However, the comparatively large optical losses can be detrimental for application. This work reports a CMOS compatible TiN nanohole array (NHA) on top of a multilayer stack for potential use in integrated refractive index sensing with high sensitivities at wavelengths between 800 and 1500 nm. The stack, consisting of the TiN NHA on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer with Si as substrate (TiN NHA/SiO2/Si), is prepared using an industrial CMOS compatible process. The TiN NHA/SiO2/Si shows Fano resonances in reflectance spectra under oblique excitation, which are well reproduced by simulation using both finite difference time domain (FDTD) and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) methods. The sensitivities derived from spectroscopic characterizations increase with the increasing incident angle and match well with the simulated sensitivities. Our systematic simulation-based investigation of the sensitivity of the TiN NHA/SiO2/Si stack under varied conditions reveals that very large sensitivities up to 2305 nm per refractive index unit (nm RIU-1) are predicted when the refractive index of superstrate is similar to that of the SiO2 layer. We analyze in detail how the interplay between plasmonic and photonic resonances such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), Rayleigh Anomalies (RAs), and photonic microcavity modes (Fabry-Pérot resonances) contributes to this result. This work not only reveals the tunability of TiN nanostructures for plasmonic applications but also paves the way to explore efficient devices for sensing in broad conditions.
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50
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Liu K, Zhang H, Shi L, He M, Guo Y. Exploring the limits of metasurface polarization multiplexing capability based on deep learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17065-17075. [PMID: 37157770 DOI: 10.1364/oe.490002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces provide a new approach for planar optics and thus have realized multifunctional meta-devices with different multiplexing strategies, among which polarization multiplexing has received much attention due to its convenience. At present, a variety of design methods of polarization multiplexed metasurfaces have been developed based on different meta-atoms. However, as the number of polarization states increases, the response space of meta-atoms becomes more and more complex, and it is difficult for these methods to explore the limit of polarization multiplexing. Deep learning is one of the important routes to solve this problem because it can realize the effective exploration of huge data space. In this work, a design scheme for polarization multiplexed metasurfaces based on deep learning is proposed. The scheme uses a conditional variational autoencoder as an inverse network to generate structural designs and combines a forward network that can predict meta-atoms' responses to improve the accuracy of designs. The cross-shaped structure is used to establish a complicated response space containing different polarization state combinations of incident and outgoing light. The multiplexing effects of the combinations with different numbers of polarization states are tested by utilizing the proposed scheme to design nanoprinting and holographic images. The polarization multiplexing capability limit of four channels (a nanoprinting image and three holographic images) is determined. The proposed scheme lays the foundation for exploring the limits of metasurface polarization multiplexing capability.
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