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Hou J, Fan H, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen J, Lv G, He S, Hai L, Yang Z, Wu Y. Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed Site-Selective Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives and Peptides via Infrequent 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Amidyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:7638-7643. [PMID: 39230392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed protocol for site-selective alkylation of glycine derivatives via 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer, which is distinguished by metal free and mild conditions, high chemoselectivity, and good functional group compatibility. This protocol provides a unique approach for synthesizing valuable α,β-diamino acid derivatives. Furthermore, the potential synthetic merit of this transformation is proven by a scale-up reaction and late-stage functionalization of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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2
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Feng S, Nguyen PTT, Ma X, Yan N. Photorefinery of Biomass and Plastics to Renewable Chemicals using Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408504. [PMID: 38884612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of biomass and plastic waste provides opportunities for sustainable fuel and chemical production. Heterogeneous photocatalysts, typically composed of semiconductors with distinctive redox properties in their conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), facilitate both the oxidative and reductive valorization of organic feedstocks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the photorefinery of biomass and plastics from the perspective of the redox properties of photocatalysts. We explore the roles of the VB and CB in enhancing the value-added conversion of biomass and plastics via various pathways. Our aim is to bridge the gap between photocatalytic mechanisms and renewable carbon feedstock valorization, inspiring further development in photocatalytic refinery of biomass and plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Feng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Phuc T T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
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3
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Lan Y, Han Q, Liao P, Chen R, Fan F, Zhao X, Liu W. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Electrophile Coupling of N-Sulfonyl Styrenyl Aziridines with Alkyl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39231321 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first example of a highly enantioselective alkylative aziridine ring opening. Under the catalysis of a chiral nickel/pyridine-imidazoline complex, asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-electrophile coupling between racemic N-sulfonyl styrenyl aziridines and readily available primary alkyl bromides furnishes a variety of highly enantioenriched phenethylamine derivatives with complete regiocontrol and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a reaction pathway consisting of regioselective iodolysis of aziridines in situ and subsequent enantioconvergent coupling of the generated β-amino benzyl iodides with alkyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoying Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyong Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Yuansi Standard Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 1188 Wanrong Road, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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4
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Huang T, Liu J, Wu Z, Tian Z, Hai L, Wu Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Alkylamination of Alkenes via Oxidative Radical-Polar Crossover and Site-Selective 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:6847-6852. [PMID: 39110700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We reported the visible-light-mediated photoredox-catalyzed oxidative radical-polar crossover and 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer combined site-selective remote C(sp3)-N cross-coupling alkylamination of alkenes. Various anilines and hydroxamides (1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reagents) could be tolerated. The mechanistic studies indicated the radical nature of the reaction and the indispensability of light and photocatalyst. Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching and cyclic voltammetry experiments have been used to outline the proposed reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenye Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wu X, Li S, Chen L, Ma S, Ma B, Song L, Qian D. Stereoselective Construction of Multifunctional C-Glycosides Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed Tandem Borylation/Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22413-22423. [PMID: 39096292 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Stereochemically pure saccharides have indispensable roles in fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to materials science and organic synthesis. However, the development of a simple, stereoselective, and efficient glycosylation protocol to access α- and β-C-glycosides (particularly 2-deoxy entities) remains a persistent challenge. Existing studies have primarily focused on C1 modification of carbohydrates and transformation of glycosyl radical precursors. Here, we innovate by harnessing the in situ generated glycosyl-Ni species to achieve one-pot borylation and glycosylation in a cascade manner, which is enabled by an earth-abundant nickel-catalyzed carboboration of readily accessible glycals without any ligand. This work reveals the potential for the development of a modular and multifunctional glycosylation platform to facilitate the simultaneous introduction of C-C and C-B bonds at the stereogenic center of saccharides, a largely unexploited research area. Preliminary experimental and computational studies indicate that the endocyclic O and the C3 group play important roles in stereoseclectively forging glycosidic bonds. As a result, a diverse range of C-R (R = alkyl, aryl, and alkenyl) and 2-deoxygenated glycosides bearing modifiable boron groups could be rapidly made with excellent stereocontrol and exhibit remarkable functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential is underscored in the late-stage glycosylation of natural products and commercial drugs as well as the facile preparation of various rare sugars, bioactive conjugates, and key intermediates to prorocentin, phomonol, and aspergillide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Liqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Siwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Deyun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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6
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Huang M, Sun H, Seufert F, Friedrich A, Marder TB, Hu J. Photoredox/Cu-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling to Access C(sp 3)-Rich gem-Diborylalkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401782. [PMID: 38818649 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
gem-Diborylalkanes are highly valuable building blocks in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry due to their ability to participate in multi-step cross-coupling transformations, allowing for the rapid generation of molecular complexity. While progress has been made in their synthetic metholodology, the construction of β-tertiary and C(sp3)-rich gem-diborylalkanes remains a synthetic challenge due to substrate limitations and steric hindrance issues. An approach is presented that utilizes synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis to achieve efficient C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, which can easily be obtained from alkyl carboxylic acids, with diborylmethyl species, providing a series of C(sp3)-rich gem-diborylalkanes with 1°, 2°, and even 3° β positions. Furthermore, this approach can also be applied to complex medicinal compounds and natural products, offering rapid access to molecular complexity and late-stage functionalization of C(sp3)-rich drug candidates. Mechanistic experiments revealed that diborylmethyl Cu(I) species participated in both the photoredox process and the key C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Huaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Zeng K, Zhang P, Song X, Chen TG, Xia G. Deoxygenative radical cross-coupling of C(sp 3)-O/C(sp 3)-H bonds promoted by hydrogen-bond interaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6745. [PMID: 39117625 PMCID: PMC11310525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Building C(sp3)-rich architectures using simple and readily available starting materials will greatly advance modern drug discovery. C(sp3)-H and C(sp3)-O bonds are commonly used to strategically disassemble and construct bioactive compounds, respectively. However, the direct cross coupling of these two chemical bonds to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds is rarely explored in existing literature. Conventional methods for forming C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds via radical-radical coupling pathways often suffer from poor selectivity, severely limiting their practicality in synthetic applications. In this study, we present a single electron transfer (SET) strategy that enables the cleavage of amine α-C - H bonds and heterobenzylic C - O bonds to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal a hydrogen bond interaction between substrates and phosphoric acid facilitates the cross-coupling of two radicals with high chemoselectivity. This methodology provides an effective approach to a variety of aza-heterocyclic unnatural amino acids and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Pengli Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Guoqin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
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8
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Li Y, Bai H, Gao Q, Liu K, Han J, Li W, Zhu C, Xie J. Stereoselective benzylic C(sp 3)-H alkenylation enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12511-12516. [PMID: 39118628 PMCID: PMC11304817 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the benzylic C(sp3)-H bond is pivotal for the construction of complex organic frameworks. Achieving precise selectivity among C-H bonds with comparable energetic and steric profiles remains a profound synthetic challenge. Herein, we unveil a site- and stereoselective benzylic C(sp3)-H alkenylation utilizing metallaphotoredox catalysis. Various linear and cyclic (Z)-all-carbon tri- and tetrasubstituted olefins can be smoothly obtained. This strategy can be applied to complex substrates with multiple benzylic sites, previously deemed unsuitable due to the uncontrollable site-selectivity. In addition, sensitive functional groups such as terminal alkenyl and TMS groups are compatible under the mild conditions. The exceptional site-selectivity and broad substrate compatibility are attributed to the visible-light catalyzed relay electron transfer-proton transfer process. More importantly, we have extended this methodology to achieve enantioselective benzylic C(sp3)-H alkenylation, producing highly enantioenriched products. The applicability and scalability of our protocol are further validated through late-stage functionalization of complex structures and gram-scale operations, underscoring its practicality and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Haonan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
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9
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Chen D, Lepori C, Guillot R, Gil R, Bezzenine S, Hannedouche J. A Rationally Designed Iron(II) Catalyst for C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408419. [PMID: 38774966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the paramount importance of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) in academia and industry, and the great promise of iron to offer sustainable catalysis, iron-catalyzed SMC involving sp3-hybridized partners is still in its infancy. We herein report the development of a versatile, well-defined electron-deficient anilido-aldimine iron(II) catalyst. This catalyst effectively performed C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp3)-C(sp3) SMC of alkyl halide electrophiles and (hetero)aryl boronic ester and alkyl borane nucleophiles respectively, in the presence of a lithium amide base. These couplings operated under mild reaction conditions and displayed wide functional group compatibility including various medicinally relevant N-, O- and S-based heterocycles. They also tolerated primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), electron-neutral, -rich and -poor boronic esters and primary and secondary alkyl boranes. Our methodology could be directly and efficiently applied to synthesize key intermediates relevant to pharmaceuticals and a potential drug candidate. For C(sp3)-C(sp2) couplings, radical probe experiments militated in favor of a carbon-centered radical derived from the electrophile. At the same time, reactions run with a pre-formed activated boron nucleophile coupled to competition experiments supported the involvement of neutral, rather than an anionic, (hetero)aryl boronic ester in the key transmetalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuang Chen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bezzenine
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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10
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Wang Z, Ma R, Gu C, He X, Shi H, Bai R, Shi R. Zinc Promoted Cross-Electrophile Sulfonylation to Access Alkyl-Alkyl Sulfones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2406228. [PMID: 38962907 PMCID: PMC11347995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The transition metal-catalyzed multi-component cross-electrophile sulfonylation, which incorporates SO2 as a linker within organic frameworks, has proven to be a powerful, efficient, and cost-effective means of synthesizing challenging alkyl-alkyl sulfones. Transition metal catalysts play a crucial role in this method by transferring electrons from reductants to electrophilic organohalides, thereby causing undesirable side reactions such as homocoupling, protodehalogenation, β-hydride elimination, etc. It is worth noting that tertiary alkyl halides have rarely been demonstrated to be compatible with current methods owing to various undesired side reactions. In this work, a zinc-promoted cross-electrophile sulfonylation is developed through a radical-polar crossover pathway. This approach enables the synthesis of various alkyl-alkyl sulfones, including 1°-1°, 2°-1°, 3°-1°, 2°-2°, and 3°-2° types, from inexpensive and readily available alkyl halides. Various functional groups are well tolerated in the work, resulting in yields of up to 93%. Additionally, this protocol has been successfully applied to intramolecular sulfonylation and homo-sulfonylation reactions. The insights gained from this work shall be useful for the further development of cross-electrophile sulfonylation to access alkyl-alkyl sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuochen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and MechanismChongqing UniversityChongqing401331P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical DrugsJiangsu Institute for Food and Drug ControlNanjing210019P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and MechanismChongqing UniversityChongqing401331P. R. China
| | - Renyi Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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11
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Shan Q, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhao X, Loh T, Hu X. Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402255. [PMID: 38885363 PMCID: PMC11336924 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - You‐Wei Wu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Mu‐Xiang Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyHenan University of Technology100 Lianhua StreetZhengzhou450001China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore637371Singapore
| | - Xu‐Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
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12
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Sun D, Gong Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Gong H. Bis(pinacolato)diboron-Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation/Vinylation of Alkyl Electrophiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404301. [PMID: 38887210 PMCID: PMC11336967 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the use of economically and environmentally friendly bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2Pin2) is described as a non-metallic reductant in mediating Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) reductive cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles with aryl/vinyl halides. This method exhibits excellent suitability for heteroaryl halides and alkyl halides/Katritzky salts. The present study is compatible with an in situ halogenation of alcohol method, allowing for selective mono-functionalization of diols and bio-relevant alcohols (e.g., carbohydrates). The use of B2Pin2 shows potential for easy scalability without introducing additional metal impurities into the products. It is observed for the first time in the realm of cross-electrophile coupling chemistry that B2Pin2 can sever as a reductant to reduce NiII to Ni0. This mechanistic insight may inspire the development of new reductive bond-forming methodologies that can otherwise be difficult to achieve with a metal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringShanghai Polytechnic UniversityNo. 2360 Jinhai RoadShanghai201209China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yu Wu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
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13
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Fan F, Peng Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Luo Z, Luo M, Zeng X. Metal-carbene-guided twofold cross-coupling of ethers with chromium catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6455. [PMID: 39085244 PMCID: PMC11292013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling by metal-carbene transfer enables the formation of several different bonds at the carbenoid site, enabling prochiral Csp3 centers that are fundamental three-dimensional substructures for medicines to be forged with increased efficiency. However, strategies using bulk chemicals are rare because of the challenge of breaking two unactivated geminal bonds. Herein, we report the reactivity of ethers to form metal-carbene intermediate by cleavage of α-Csp3-H/Csp3-O bonds, which achieve selective coupling with arylmagnesium bromides and chlorosilanes. These couplings are catalysed by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene-chromium complex and enable the one-step formation of 1,n-arylsilyl alcohols and α-arylated silanes. Mechanistic studies indicate that the in-situ formed low-valent Cr might react with iodobenzene to form phenyl radical species, which abstracts the α-H atom of ether in giving α-oxy radical. The latter combines with Cr by breaking α-Csp3-O bond to afford metal-carbene intermediate, which couples with aryl Grignard and chlorosilane to form two σ-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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14
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Qiao B, Lin FY, Fu D, Li SJ, Zhang T, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into facilitating reductive elimination from Ni(II) species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8008-8019. [PMID: 39005163 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reductive elimination is a key step in Ni-catalysed cross-couplings, which is often considered to result in new covalent bonds. Due to the weak oxidizing ability of Ni(II) species, reductive eliminations from Ni(II) centers are challenging. A thorough mechanistic understanding of this process could inspire the rational design of Ni-catalysed coupling reactions. In this article, we give an overview of recent advances in the mechanistic study of reductive elimination from Ni(II) species achieved by our group. Three possible models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species were investigated and discussed, including direct reductive elimination, electron density-controlled reductive elimination, and oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Notably, the direct reductive elimination from Ni(II) species often requires a high activation energy in some cases. In contrast, the electron density-controlled and oxidation-induced reductive elimination pathways can significantly enhance the driving force for reductive elimination, accelerating the formation of new covalent bonds. The intricate reaction mechanisms for each of these pathways are thoroughly discussed and systematically summarized in this paper. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qiao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fa-You Lin
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451162, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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15
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Li C, Cheng J, Wan X, Li J, Zu W, Xu Y, Huang Y, Huo H. Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Acylation of α-Bromobenzoates with Aldehydes: A Formal Approach to Aldehyde-Aldehyde Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19909-19918. [PMID: 38864298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic cross-coupling of identical or similar functional groups is a cornerstone strategy for carbon-carbon bond formation, as exemplified by renowned methods, such as olefin cross-metathesis, Kolbe electrolysis, and various cross-electrophile couplings. However, similar methodologies for coupling aldehydes─fundamental building blocks in organic synthesis─remain underdeveloped. While the benzoin-type condensation, first reported in 1832, offers a reliable route for aldehyde dimerization, the chemo- and enantioselective cross-coupling of nonidentical yet similar aldehydes remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we report a unified platform enabling highly chemo- and enantioselective cross-coupling of aldehydes. By leveraging nickel photoredox catalysis in tandem with discrete activation strategies for each aldehyde, this mechanistically distinct approach facilitates the enantioselective union of an aldehyde-derived α-oxy radical with an acyl radical, photocatalytically generated from a distinct aldehyde. This novel strategy enables modular access to enantioenriched α-oxygenated ketones with two minimally differentiated aliphatic substituents, a feat not achievable with existing chemocatalytic or biocatalytic techniques. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by its application in the streamlined asymmetric synthesis of various medicinally relevant molecules. Additionally, mechanistic investigations rationalize the versatility of nickel photoredox catalysis to exploit new pathways for addressing long-standing synthetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weisai Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yumin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haohua Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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16
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Li K, Zu B, Mazet C. Ni-Catalyzed Kumada-Corriu Cross-Coupling Reactions of Tertiary Grignard Reagents and Bromostyrenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:6047-6052. [PMID: 38981082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of protocols for the construction of congested quaternary centers is highly sought-after. Herein, we report a method for the cross-coupling of C(sp3) tertiary Grignard reagents with C(sp2) styrenyl bromides using readily available nickel precatalysts. We identified conditions that afford the products in practical yield for several combinations of electrophiles and nucleophiles, including sensitive α-magnesiated Grignard reagents. Dependent upon the nature of their substituents, regiodivergency was observed when α-vinyl bromides were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bing Zu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Xu W, Xu T. Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Couplings: Just a Change of the Reduction System? Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1997-2011. [PMID: 38961540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIn recent years, nickel-catalyzed asymmetric coupling reactions have emerged as efficient methods for constructing chiral C(sp3) carbon centers. Numerous novel approaches have been reported to rapidly construct chiral carbon-carbon bonds through nickel-catalyzed asymmetric couplings between electrophiles and nucleophiles or asymmetric reductive cross-couplings of two different electrophiles. Building upon these advances, our group has been devoted to interrogating dual nickel- and photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling reactions.In our endeavors over the past few years, we have successfully developed several dual Ni-/photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling reactions involving organohalides. While some probably think that this system is just a change of the reduction system from traditional metal reductants to a photocatalysis system, a question that we also pondered at the beginning of our studies, both the achievable reaction types and mechanisms suggest a different conclusion: that this dual catalysis system has its own advantages in the chiral carbon-carbon bond formation. Even in certain asymmetric reactions where the photocatalysis regime functions only as a reducing system, the robust reducing capability of photocatalysts can effectively accelerate the regeneration of low-valent nickel species, thus expanding the selectable scope of chiral ligands. More importantly, in many transformations, besides reducing nickel catalysts, the photocatalysis system can also undertake the responsibility of alkyl radical formation, thereby establishing two coordinated, yet independent catalytic cycles. This catalytic mode has been proven to play a crucial role in achieving diverse asymmetric coupling reactions with great challenges.In this Account, we elucidate our understanding of this system based on our experience and findings. In the Introduction, we provide an overview of the main distinctions between this system and traditional Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-couplings with metal reductants and the potential opportunities arising from these differences. Subsequently, we outline various chiral carbon-carbon bond-forming types obtained by this dual Ni/photoredox catalysis system and their mechanisms. In terms of chiral C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation, extensive discussion focuses on the asymmetric arylations of α-chloroboronates, α-trifluoromethyl alkyl bromides, α-bromophosphonates, and so on. In the realm of chiral C(sp3)-C(sp) bond formation, asymmetric alkynylations of α-bromophosphonates and α-trifluoromethyl alkyl bromides have been presented herein. Regarding C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation, we take the asymmetric alkylation of α-chloroboronates as a compelling example to illustrate the great efficiency of this dual catalysis system. This summary would enable a better grasp of the advantages of this dual catalysis system and clarify how the photocatalysis regime facilitates enantioselective transformations. We anticipate that this Account will offer valuable insights and contribute to the development of new methodologies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hota SK, Murarka S. Cost-Effective Carbon Quaternization with Redox-Active Esters and Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408301. [PMID: 38982711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Quaternary carbons are embedded in various natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. However, constructing this valuable motif is far from trivial. Conventional approaches mainly rely on classical polar disconnections and encounter bottlenecks concerning harsh conditions, functional group tolerance, regioselectivity, and step economy. In this context, Kawamata, Baran, Shenvi, and co-workers recently demonstrated that two feedstock chemicals, alkyl carboxylic acids and olefins, could be utilized to construct tetrasubstituted carbons in the presence of an inexpensive iron porphyrin catalyst and a suitable reductant combination through quaternization of the radical intermediates. The method enables access to various sterically encumbered quaternary carbons under mild and robust conditions. Taking a complete detour from conventional approaches, the present heteroselective radical-radical coupling simplifies the synthesis of quaternary carbon-containing molecules through an innovative and distinctive disconnection approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, 342037, Rajasthan, India
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19
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Hota SK, Singh G, Murarka S. Direct C-H alkylation of 3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-ones with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides via radical-radical cross coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6268-6271. [PMID: 38808396 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We present an organophotoredox-catalyzed direct Csp3-H alkylation of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones employing N-(acyloxy)pthalimides to provide corresponding products in good yields. A broad spectrum of NHPI esters (1°, 2°, 3°, and sterically encumbered) participates in the photoinduced alkylation of a variety of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones. In general, mild conditions, broad scope with good functional group tolerance, and scalability are the salient features of this direct alkylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Gulshan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
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20
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Wang JZ, Mao E, Nguyen JA, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Triple Radical Sorting: Aryl-Alkylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15693-15700. [PMID: 38820134 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of aryl bromides with alkenes can provide access to diverse combinatorial chemical space. Two-component couplings between these partners are well-known, but three-component aryl-functionalizations of unactivated alkenes remain underdeveloped. In particular, the aryl-alkylation of unactivated alkenes would allow for rapid construction of molecular complexity and the expedient exploration of a pharmaceutically relevant and C(sp3)-rich structural landscape. Herein, we report a general approach toward the aryl-alkylation of alkenes through a triple radical sorting mechanism. Over the course of the reaction, a high energy aryl radical, a primary radical, and a hindered alkyl radical are simultaneously formed. Through mediation by a nickel-based catalyst, the three radicals are sorted into productive bond-forming pathways toward the efficient aryl-alkylation of alkenes. A wide range of electronically and sterically differentiated alkenes and aryl radical precursors can be used to access complex scaffolds. This method was further applied to the synthesis of highly substituted semisaturated fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jennifer A Nguyen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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21
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Chang Z, Zhang X, Lv H, Sun H, Lian Z. Three-Component Radical Cross-Coupling: Asymmetric Vicinal Sulfonyl-Esterification of Alkenes Involving Sulfur Dioxide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309069. [PMID: 38532287 PMCID: PMC11186061 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A novel catalytic system for radical cross-coupling reactions based on copper and chiral Pyridyl-bis(imidazole) (PyBim) ligands is described. It overcomes the challenges of chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity, achieving a highly enantioselective vicinal sulfonyl-esterification reaction of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide. This strategy involves the use of earth-abundant metal catalyst, mild reaction conditions, a broad range of substrates (84 examples), high yields (up to 97% yield), and exceptional control over enantioselectivity. The reaction system is compatible with different types of radical precursors, including O-acylhydroxylamines, cycloketone oxime esters, aryldiazonium salts, and drug molecules. Chiral ligand PyBim is identified as particularly effective in achieving the desired high enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that copper/PyBim system plays a vital role in C─O coupling, employing an outer-sphere model. In addition, the side arm effect of ligand is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Chang
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lv
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
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22
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Chen ZH, Zheng YQ, Huang HG, Wang KH, Gong JL, Liu WB. From Quaternary Carbon to Tertiary C(sp 3)-Si and C(sp 3)-Ge Bonds: Decyanative Coupling of Malononitriles with Chlorosilanes and Chlorogermanes Enabled by Ni/Ti Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14445-14452. [PMID: 38739877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-Si/Ge cross-coupling offers promising avenues for the synthesis of organosilanes/organogermanes, yet it is fraught with long-standing challenges. A Ni/Ti-catalyzed strategy is reported here, allowing the use of disubstituted malononitriles as tertiary C(sp3) coupling partners to couple with chlorosilanes and chlorogermanes, respectively. This method enables the catalytic cleavage of the C(sp3)-CN bond of the quaternary carbon followed by the formation of C(sp3)-Si/C(sp3)-Ge bonds from ubiquitously available starting materials. The efficiency and generality are showcased by a broad scope for both of the coupling partners, therefore holding the potential to synthesize structurally diverse quaternary organosilanes and organogermanes that were difficult to access previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Chen
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Gui Huang
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke-Hao Wang
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun-Lin Gong
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Garhwal S, Dong Y, Mai BK, Liu P, Buchwald SL. CuH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Formal Hydroformylation of Vinyl Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13733-13740. [PMID: 38723265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective formal hydroformylation of vinyl arenes enabled by copper hydride (CuH) catalysis is reported. Key to the success of the method was the use of the mild Lewis acid zinc triflate to promote the formation of oxocarbenium electrophiles through the activation of diethoxymethyl acetate. Using the newly developed protocol, a broad range of vinyl arene substrates underwent efficient hydroacetalization reactions to provide access to highly enantioenriched α-aryl acetal products in good yields with exclusively branched regioselectivity. The acetal products could be converted to the corresponding aldehydes, alcohols, and amines with full preservation of the enantiomeric purity. Density functional theory studies support that the key C-C bond-forming event between the alkyl copper intermediate and the oxocarbenium electrophile takes place with inversion of configuration of the Cu-C bond in a backside SE2-type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Shen HC, Wang ZS, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Simultaneous Stereoinvertive and Stereoselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling of Boronic Esters and Allylic Carbonates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13719-13726. [PMID: 38721780 PMCID: PMC11117407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
With increasing interest in constructing more three-dimensional entities, there has been growing interest in cross-coupling reactions that forge C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, which leads to additional challenges as it is not just a more difficult bond to construct but issues of stereocontrol also arise. Herein, we report the stereocontrolled cross-coupling of enantioenriched boronic esters with racemic allylic carbonates enabled by iridium catalysis, leading to the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds with single or vicinal stereogenic centers. The method shows broad substrate scope, enabling primary, secondary, and even tertiary boronic esters to be employed, and can be used to prepare any of the four possible stereoisomers of a coupled product with vicinal chiral centers. The new method, which combines the simultaneous enantiospecific reaction of a chiral nucleophile with the enantioselective reaction of a chiral electrophile in a single process, offers a solution for stereodivergent cross-coupling of two C(sp3) fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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25
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Ren J, Sun Z, Zhao S, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Huang J, Zhang C, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Ji X, Shao Z. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles and related azoles by cobalt-catalyzed hydroalkylation and regioselectivity switch. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3783. [PMID: 38710722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
General, catalytic and enantioselective construction of chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles represents an important yet challenging objective to be developed. Herein we describe a cobalt catalyzed enantioselective anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroalkylation via the remote stereocontrol for the synthesis of α,α-dialkyl indoles and other N-heterocycles. This asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling features high flexibility in introducing a diverse set of alkyl groups at the α-position of chiral N-heterocycles. The utility of this methodology has been demonstrated by late-stage functionalization of drug molecules, asymmetric synthesis of bioactive molecules, natural products and functional materials, and identification of a class of molecules exhibiting anti-apoptosis activities in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Ligands play a vital role in controlling the reaction regioselectivity. Changing the ligand from bi-dentate L6 to tridentate L12 enables CoH-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroalkylation. Mechanistic studies disclose that the anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation involves a migratory insertion process while the Markovnikov hydroalkylation involves a MHAT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Ruipu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
| | - Zhihui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092, Kunming, China.
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26
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Huang H, Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR. Effect of 6,6'-Substituents on Bipyridine-Ligated Ni Catalysts for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. ACS Catal 2024; 14:6897-6914. [PMID: 38737398 PMCID: PMC11087080 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A family of 4,4'-tBu2-2,2'-bipyridine (tBubpy) ligands with substituents in either the 6-position, 4,4'-tBu2-6-Me-bpy (tBubpyMe), or 6 and 6'-positions, 4,4'-tBu2-6,6'-R2-bpy (tBubpyR2; R = Me, iPr, sBu, Ph, or Mes), was synthesized. These ligands were used to prepare Ni complexes in the 0, I, and II oxidation states. We observed that the substituents in the 6 and 6'-positions of the tBubpy ligand impact the properties of the Ni complexes. For example, bulkier substituents in the 6,6'-positions of tBubpy better stabilized (tBubpyR2)NiICl species and resulted in cleaner reduction from (tBubpyR2)NiIICl2. However, bulkier substituents hindered or prevented coordination of tBubpyR2 ligands to Ni0(cod)2. In addition, by using complexes of the type (tBubpyMe)NiCl2 and (tBubpyR2)NiCl2 as precatalysts for different XEC reactions, we demonstrated that the 6 or 6,6' substituents lead to major differences in catalytic performance. Specifically, while (tBubpyMe)NiIICl2 is one of the most active catalysts reported to date for XEC and can facilitate XEC reactions at room temperature, lower turnover frequencies were observed for catalysts containing tBubpyR2 ligands. A detailed study on the catalytic intermediates (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I and (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I revealed several factors that likely contributed to the differences in catalytic activity. For example, whereas complexes of the type (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I are low spin and relatively stable, complexes of the type (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I are high-spin and less stable. Further, (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I captures primary and benzylic alkyl radicals more slowly than (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I, consistent with the lower activity of the former in catalysis. Our findings will assist in the design of tailor-made ligands for Ni-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | | | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
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27
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Liu DH, Pflüger PM, Outlaw A, Lückemeier L, Zhang F, Regan C, Rashidi Nodeh H, Cernak T, Ma J, Glorius F. Late-Stage Saturation of Drug Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11866-11875. [PMID: 38621677 PMCID: PMC11066876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The available methods of chemical synthesis have arguably contributed to the prevalence of aromatic rings, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, or pyridine, in modern pharmaceuticals. Many such sp2-carbon-rich fragments are now easy to synthesize using high-quality cross-coupling reactions that click together an ever-expanding menu of commercially available building blocks, but the products are flat and lipophilic, decreasing their odds of becoming marketed drugs. Converting flat aromatic molecules into saturated analogues with a higher fraction of sp3 carbons could improve their medicinal properties and facilitate the invention of safe, efficacious, metabolically stable, and soluble medicines. In this study, we show that aromatic and heteroaromatic drugs can be readily saturated under exceptionally mild rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation, acid-mediated reduction, or photocatalyzed-hydrogenation conditions, converting sp2 carbon atoms into sp3 carbon atoms and leading to saturated molecules with improved medicinal properties. These methods are productive in diverse pockets of chemical space, producing complex saturated pharmaceuticals bearing a variety of functional groups and three-dimensional architectures. The rhodium-catalyzed method tolerates traces of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or water, meaning that pharmaceutical compound collections, which are typically stored in wet DMSO, can finally be reformatted for use as substrates for chemical synthesis. This latter application is demonstrated through the late-stage saturation (LSS) of 768 complex and densely functionalized small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hai Liu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory
for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Philipp M. Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrew Outlaw
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lukas Lückemeier
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Clinton Regan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory
for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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28
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Pilli R, Selvam K, Balamurugan BSS, Jose V, Rasappan R. C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling of Cycloalkanes and Alkyl Halides via Dual Photocatalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:2993-2998. [PMID: 38592728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds represents the most straightforward and atom-economical transformation in organic synthesis. An innovative approach integrating photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and transition metal catalysis has made significant progress in the coupling of α-heterosubstituted C-H bonds with alkyl halides. However, unactivated alkanes were ineffective as a result of the preponderance of byproduct formation. Herein, we demonstrate direct HAT and nickel catalysis in the coupling of cycloalkanes and benzyl bromides/primary alkyl iodides. Additionally, tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) was recovered and recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Pilli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Keerthika Selvam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Bala S S Balamurugan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Vidya Jose
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ramesh Rasappan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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29
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Cong F, Sun GQ, Ye SH, Hu R, Rao W, Koh MJ. A Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution-Enabled Platform for Multicomponent Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10274-10280. [PMID: 38568080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds remains one of the most difficult challenges in cross-coupling chemistry. Here, we report a photoredox/nickel dual catalytic approach that enables the simultaneous formation of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkages via trimolecular cross-coupling of alkenes with alkyl halides and hypervalent iodine-based reagents. The reaction harnesses a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) mechanism and chemoselective halogen-atom transfer (XAT) to orchestrate the regioselective addition of electrophilic and nucleophilic alkyl radicals across unactivated alkenes without the need for a directing auxiliary. Utility is highlighted through late-stage (fluoro)alkylation and (trideutero)methylation of C═C bonds bearing different substitution patterns, offering straightforward access to drug-like molecules comprising sp3-hybridized carbon scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Guo-Quan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Si-Han Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
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30
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Chen F, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yu ZX, Chu L. Selective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenyl Fluorides Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atoms and Group Transfer: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38621358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the unique effect of fluorine atoms, the efficient construction of high-value alkyl fluorides has attracted significant interest in modern drug development. However, enantioselective catalytic strategies for the efficient assembly of highly functionalized chiral C(sp3)-F scaffolds from simple starting materials have been underutilized. Herein, we demonstrate a nickel-catalyzed radical transfer strategy for the efficient, modular, asymmetric hydrogenation and hydroalkylation of alkenyl fluorides with primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides under mild conditions. The transformation provides facile access to various structurally complex secondary and tertiary α-fluoro amide products from readily available starting materials with excellent substrate compatibility and distinct selectivity. Furthermore, the utility of this method is demonstrated by late-stage modifications and product derivatizations. Detailed mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have been conducted, showing that the rate-determining step for asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is NiH-HAT toward alkenyl fluorides and the stereo-determining step is alcohol coordination to Ni-enolates followed by a barrierless protonation. The mechanism for the asymmetric hydroalkylation reaction is also delivered in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianwei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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31
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Pijper B, Martín R, Huertas-Alonso AJ, Linares ML, López E, Llaveria J, Díaz-Ortiz Á, Dixon DJ, de la Hoz A, Alcázar J. Fully Automated Flow Protocol for C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Bond Formation from Tertiary Amides and Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2724-2728. [PMID: 37219892 PMCID: PMC11020161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming protocol via the reductive coupling of abundant tertiary amides with organozinc reagents prepared in situ from their corresponding alkyl halides. Using a multistep fully automated flow protocol, this reaction could be used for both library synthesis and target molecule synthesis on the gram-scale starting from bench-stable reagents. Additionally, excellent chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance make it ideal for late-stage diversification of druglike molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Pijper
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S. A., Jarama 75 A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Raúl Martín
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto J. Huertas-Alonso
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Lourdes Linares
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S. A., Jarama 75 A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Enol López
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Josep Llaveria
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S. A., Jarama 75 A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz-Ortiz
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford. Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S. A., Jarama 75 A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
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32
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Chellali JE, Woodside AJ, Yu Z, Neogi S, Külaots I, Guduru PR, Robinson JR. Access to Stereoblock Polyesters via Irreversible Chain-Transfer Ring-Opening Polymerization (ICT-ROP). J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38593434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Precise control over polymer microstructure can enable the molecular tunability of material properties and represents a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Stereoblock copolymers are some of the simplest stereosequenced polymers, yet the synthesis of stereoblock polyesters from prochiral or racemic monomers outside of "simple" isotactic stereoblocks remains limited. Herein, we report the development of irreversible chain-transfer ring-opening polymerization (ICT-ROP), which overcomes the fundamental limitations of single catalyst approaches by using transmetalation (e.g., alkoxide-chloride exchange) between two catalysts with distinct stereoselectivities as a means to embed temporally controlled multicatalysis in ROP. Our combined small-molecule model and catalytic polymerization studies lay out a clear molecular basis for ICT-ROP and are exploited to access the first examples of atactic-syndiotactic stereoblock (at-sb-st) polyesters, at-sb-st polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). We achieve high levels of control over molecular weight, tacticity, monomer composition, and block structures in a temporally controlled manner and demonstrate that stereosequence control leads to polymer tensile properties that are independent of thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Chellali
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Audra J Woodside
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ziyan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Srijan Neogi
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Indrek Külaots
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Pradeep R Guduru
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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33
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Hu DD, Nie TM, Xiao X, Li K, Li YB, Gao Q, Bi YX, Wang XS. Enantioselective Construction of C-SCF 3 Stereocenters via Nickel Catalyzed Asymmetric Negishi Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400308. [PMID: 38299744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the SCF3-containing 1,1-diaryl tertiary carbon stereocenters with high enantioselectivities is reported via a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric C-C coupling strategy. This method demonstrates simple operations, mild conditions and excellent functional group tolerance, with newly designed SCF3-containing synthon, which can be easily obtained from commercially available benzyl bromide and trifluoromethylthio anion in a two-step manner. Further substrate exploration indicated that the reaction system could be extended to diverse perfluoroalkyl sulfide (SC2F5, SC3F7, SC4F9, SCF2CO2Et)-substituted 1,1-diaryl compounds with excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by convenient derivatization to optical SCF3-containing analogues of bioactive compounds without an apparent decrease in enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Duo Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Tian-Mei Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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34
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Li LJ, Zhang JC, Li WP, Zhang D, Duanmu K, Yu H, Ping Q, Yang ZP. Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Cooperative Photoredox/Fe/Chiral Primary Amine Triple Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9404-9412. [PMID: 38504578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic and enantioselective construction of quaternary (all-carbon substituents) stereocenters poses a formidable challenge in organic synthesis due to the hindrance caused by steric factors. One conceptually viable and potentially versatile approach is the coupling of a C-C bond through an outer-sphere mechanism, accompanied by the realization of enantiocontrol through cooperative catalysis; however, examples of such processes are yet to be identified. Herein, we present such a method for creating different compounds with quaternary stereocenters by photoredox/Fe/chiral primary amine triple catalysis. This approach facilitates the connection of an unactivated alkyl source with a tertiary alkyl moiety, which is also rare. The scalable process exhibits mild conditions, does not necessitate the use of a base, and possesses a good functional-group tolerance. Preliminary investigations into the underlying mechanisms have provided valuable insights into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Chun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaining Duanmu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Peng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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35
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Du XY, Fang JH, Chen JJ, Shen B, Liu WL, Zhang JY, Ye XM, Yang NY, Gu QS, Li ZL, Yu P, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical N-Alkylation of Diverse (Hetero)aromatic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9444-9454. [PMID: 38513075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The 3d transition metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical cross-coupling provides a powerful tool for chiral molecule synthesis. In the classic mechanism, the bond formation relies on the interaction between nucleophile-sequestered metal complexes and radicals, limiting the nucleophile scope to sterically uncongested ones. The coupling of sterically congested nucleophiles poses a significant challenge due to difficulties in transmetalation, restricting the reaction generality. Here, we describe a probable outer-sphere nucleophilic attack mechanism that circumvents the challenging transmetalation associated with sterically congested nucleophiles. This strategy enables a general copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical N-alkylation of aromatic amines with secondary/tertiary alkyl halides and exhibits catalyst-controlled stereoselectivity. It accommodates diverse aromatic amines, especially bulky secondary and primary ones to deliver value-added chiral amines (>110 examples). It is expected to inspire the coupling of more nucleophiles, particularly challenging sterically congested ones, and accelerate reaction generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yi Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Heng Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Boming Shen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei-Long Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Man Ye
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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36
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Wang JZ, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting. Nature 2024; 628:104-109. [PMID: 38350601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) catalysis has expanded cross-coupling chemistries by enabling the selective combination of any primary radical with any secondary or tertiary radical through a radical sorting mechanism1-8. Biomimetic9,10 SH2 catalysis can be used to merge common feedstock chemicals-such as alcohols, acids and halides-in various permutations for the construction of a single C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. The ability to sort these two distinct radicals across commercially available alkenes in a three-component manner would enable the simultaneous construction of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, greatly accelerating access to complex molecules and drug-like chemical space11. However, the simultaneous in situ formation of electrophilic and primary nucleophilic radicals in the presence of unactivated alkenes is problematic, typically leading to statistical radical recombination, hydrogen atom transfer, disproportionation and other deleterious pathways12,13. Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of three distinct radical species, which are then differentiated by size and electronics, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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37
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Zhang LL, Gao YZ, Cai SH, Yu H, Shen SJ, Ping Q, Yang ZP. Ni-catalyzed enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohols and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2733. [PMID: 38548758 PMCID: PMC10979021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent cross-coupling of an alkyl precursor presents a promising method for producing enantioenriched C(sp3) molecules. Because alkyl alcohol is a ubiquitous and abundant family of feedstock in nature, the direct reductive coupling of alkyl alcohol and aryl halide enables efficient access to valuable compounds. Although several strategies have been developed to overcome the high bond dissociation energy of the C - O bond, the asymmetric pattern remains unknown. In this report, we describe the realization of an enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohol (β-hydroxy ketone) and aryl bromide in the presence of an NHC activating agent. The approach can accommodate substituents of various sizes and functional groups, and its synthetic potency is demonstrated through a gram scale reaction and derivatizations into other compound families. Finally, we apply our convergent method to the efficient asymmetric synthesis of four β-aryl ketones that are natural products or bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Han Cai
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Peng Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Zhang Y, Cao Q, Xi Y, Wu X, Qu J, Chen Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylative Negishi Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Electrophiles with 1 atm CO Gas. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7971-7978. [PMID: 38483538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We describe a nickel-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of unactivated secondary alkyl electrophiles with the organozinc reagent at atmospheric CO gas, thus allowing the expedient construction of unsymmetric dialkyl ketones with broad functional group tolerance. The leverage of a newly developed NN2-pincer type ligand enables the chemoselective three-component carbonylation by overcoming the competing Negishi coupling, the undesired β-hydride elimination, and dehalogenation of alkyl iodides side pathways. Both alkyl iodides and alkyl tosylates are compatible in the single electron transfer involved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qihang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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Chen R, Intermaggio NE, Xie J, Rossi-Ashton JA, Gould CA, Martin RT, Alcázar J, MacMillan DWC. Alcohol-alcohol cross-coupling enabled by S H2 radical sorting. Science 2024; 383:1350-1357. [PMID: 38513032 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols represent a functional group class with unparalleled abundance and structural diversity. In an era of chemical synthesis that prioritizes reducing time to target and maximizing exploration of chemical space, harnessing these building blocks for carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions is a key goal in organic chemistry. In particular, leveraging a single activation mode to form a new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond from two alcohol subunits would enable access to an extraordinary level of structural diversity. In this work, we report a nickel radical sorting-mediated cross-alcohol coupling wherein two alcohol fragments are deoxygenated and coupled in one reaction vessel, open to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Chen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Jiaxin Xie
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Colin A Gould
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert T Martin
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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40
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Zhang X, Cui S, Wei S, Zhao M, Liu X, Zhang G. Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling of Katritzky Salts with Cyclopropanols: Merging C-N and C-C Bond Activation. Org Lett 2024; 26:2114-2118. [PMID: 38437731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general and practical nickel-catalyzed deaminative alkylation of Katritzky salts with cyclopropyl alcohols via merging C-N and C-C bond activation. This protocol enables the formation of an alkyl-alkyl bond along with the generation of a versatile ketone functional group in a single operation, thus providing a convenient approach for accessing β-alkyl ketones. This reaction is distinguished by its high functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and efficient late-stage derivatization of complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shilin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shuxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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41
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Zhang W, Tian Y, Liu XD, Luan C, Liu JR, Gu QS, Li ZL, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3 )-SCF 3 Coupling of Carbon-Centered Benzyl Radicals with (Me 4 N)SCF 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319850. [PMID: 38273811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In contrast with the well-established C(sp2 )-SCF3 cross-coupling to forge the Ar-SCF3 bond, the corresponding enantioselective coupling of readily available alkyl electrophiles to forge chiral C(sp3 )-SCF3 bond has remained largely unexplored. We herein disclose a copper-catalyzed enantioselective radical C(sp3 )-SCF3 coupling of a range of secondary/tertiary benzyl radicals with the easily available (Me4 N)SCF3 reagent. The key to the success lies in the utilization of chiral phosphino-oxazoline-derived anionic N,N,P-ligands through tuning electronic and steric effects for the simultaneous control of the reaction initiation and enantioselectivity. This strategy can successfully realize two types of asymmetric radical reactions, including enantioconvergent C(sp3 )-SCF3 cross-coupling of racemic benzyl halides and three-component 1,2-carbotrifluoromethylthiolation of arylated alkenes under mild reaction conditions. It therefore provides a highly flexible platform for the rapid assembly of an array of enantioenriched SCF3 -containing molecules of interest in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Luan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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42
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Wang W, Xuan L, Chen Q, Fan R, Zhao F, Dong J, Wang H, Yan Q, Zhou H, Chen FE. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Remote C(sp 3)-H Alkylation of N-Fluorocarboxamides with Glycine Derivatives and Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6307-6316. [PMID: 38381876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Saturated hydrocarbon bonds are ubiquitous in organic molecules; to date, the selective functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds continues to pose a notorious difficulty, thereby garnering significant attention from the synthetic chemistry community. During the past several decades, a wide array of powerful new methodologies has been developed to enantioselectively modify C(sp3)-H bonds that is successfully applied in asymmetric formation of diverse bonds, including C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds; nevertheless, the asymmetric C(sp3)-H alkylation is elusive and, therefore, far less explored. In this work, we report a direct and robust strategy to construct highly valuable enantioenriched unnatural α-amino acid (α-AA) cognates and peptides by a copper-catalyzed enantioselective remote C(sp3)-H alkylation of N-fluorocarboxamides and readily accessible glycine esters under ambient conditions. The key to success lies in the optically active Cu catalyst generated through the coordination of glycine derivatives to enantiopure bisphosphine/Cu(I) species, which is beneficial to the single electronic reduction of N-fluorocarboxamides and the subsequent stereodetermining alkylation. More importantly, all types (primary, secondary, tertiary, and even α-oxy) of δ-C(sp3)-H bonds could be site- and stereospecifically activated by the kinetically favored 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Liangming Xuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qinlin Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Rundong Fan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jianghu Dong
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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43
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Li B, Zhang HH, Luo Y, Yu S, Goddard Iii WA, Dang Y. Interception of Transient Allyl Radicals with Low-Valent Allylpalladium Chemistry: Tandem Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) Cycles in Photoredox/Pd Dual-Catalytic Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Homocoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6377-6387. [PMID: 38385755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present comprehensive computational and experimental studies on the mechanism of an asymmetric photoredox/Pd dual-catalytic reductive C(sp3)-C(sp3) homocoupling of allylic electrophiles. In stark contrast to the canonical assumption that photoredox promotes bond formation via facile reductive elimination from high-valent metal-organic species, our computational analysis revealed an intriguing low-valent allylpalladium pathway that features tandem operation of Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) cycles. Specifically, we propose that (i) the photoredox/Pd system enables the in situ generation of allyl radicals from low-valent Pd(I)-allyl species, and (ii) effective interception of the fleeting allyl radical by the chiral Pd(I)-allyl species results in the formation of an enantioenriched product. Notably, the cooperation of the two pathways highlights the bifunctional role of Pd(I)-allyl species in the generation and interception of transient allyl radicals. Moreover, the mechanism implies divergent substrate-activation modes in this homocoupling reaction, suggesting a theoretical possibility for cross-coupling. Combined, the current study offers a novel mechanistic hypothesis for photoredox/Pd dual catalysis and highlights the use of low-valent allylpalladium as a means to efficiently intercept radicals for selective asymmetric bond constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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44
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Onnuch P, Ramagonolla K, Liu RY. Aminative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Science 2024; 383:1019-1024. [PMID: 38422125 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions are widely used to form carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds, respectively. We report the incorporation of a formal nitrene insertion process into the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, altering the products from C-C-linked biaryls to C-N-C-linked diaryl amines and thereby joining the Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling pathways to the same starting-material classes. A combination of a bulky ancillary phosphine ligand on palladium and a commercially available amination reagent enables efficient reactivity across aryl halides and pseudohalides, boronic acids and esters, and many functional groups and heterocycles. Mechanistic insights reveal flexibility on the order of bond-forming events, suggesting potential for expansion of the aminative cross-coupling concept to encompass diverse nucleophiles and electrophiles as well as four-component variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polpum Onnuch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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45
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Wang JX, Fu MC, Yan LY, Lu X, Fu Y. Photoinduced Triphenylphosphine and Iodide Salt Promoted Reductive Decarboxylative Coupling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307241. [PMID: 38234213 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The transient electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex has been an emerging area in the photoinduced organic synthesis field, generating radicals without exogenous transition-metal or organic dye-based photoredox catalysts. The catalytic platform to form suitable photoactive EDA complexes for photochemical reduction reactions remains underdeveloped. Herein, a general photoinduced reductive alkylation via the EDA complex strategy is described. A simple yet multifunctional system, triphenylphosphine and iodide salt, promotes the photoinduced decarboxylative hydroalkylation, and reductive defluorinative decarboxylative alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes, to access trifluoromethyl alkanes and gem-difluoroalkenes. Moreover, decarboxylative hydroalkylation can be applied to more kinds of electron-deficient alkenes as a general Giese addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lu-Yu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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46
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Tan TD, Serviano JMI, Luo X, Qian PC, Holland PL, Zhang X, Koh MJ. Congested C(sp3)-rich architectures enabled by iron-catalysed conjunctive alkylation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:321-329. [PMID: 38855712 PMCID: PMC11155680 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic cross-coupling by transition metals has revolutionized the formation of C-C bonds in organic synthesis. However, the challenge of forming multiple alkyl-alkyl bonds in crowded environments remains largely unresolved. Here, we report the regioselective functionalization of olefins with sp3-hybridized organohalides and organozinc reagents using a simple (terpyridine)iron catalyst. Aliphatic groups of various sizes are successfully installed on either olefinic carbon, furnishing a diverse array of products with congested cores featuring C- or heteroatom-substituted stereocenters. The method enables access to valuable but synthetically challenging C(sp3)-rich molecules, including alicyclic compounds bearing multiple contiguous stereocenters through annulation cascades. Mechanistic and theoretical studies suggest a stepwise iron-mediated radical carbometallation pathway followed by outer-sphere C-C bond formation, which potentially opens the door to a broader scope of transformations and new chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-De Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Juan M I Serviano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Republic of Singapore, 138632
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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47
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Tian Y, Li XT, Liu JR, Cheng J, Gao A, Yang NY, Li Z, Guo KX, Zhang W, Wen HT, Li ZL, Gu QS, Hong X, Liu XY. A general copper-catalysed enantioconvergent C(sp 3)-S cross-coupling via biomimetic radical homolytic substitution. Nat Chem 2024; 16:466-475. [PMID: 38057367 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Although α-chiral C(sp3)-S bonds are of enormous importance in organic synthesis and related areas, the transition-metal-catalysed enantioselective C(sp3)-S bond construction still represents an underdeveloped domain probably due to the difficult heterolytic metal-sulfur bond cleavage and notorious catalyst-poisoning capability of sulfur nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate the use of chiral tridentate anionic ligands in combination with Cu(I) catalysts to enable a biomimetic enantioconvergent radical C(sp3)-S cross-coupling reaction of both racemic secondary and tertiary alkyl halides with highly transformable sulfur nucleophiles. This protocol not only exhibits a broad substrate scope with high enantioselectivity but also provides universal access to a range of useful α-chiral alkyl organosulfur compounds with different sulfur oxidation states, thus providing a complementary approach to known asymmetric C(sp3)-S bond formation methods. Mechanistic results support a biomimetic radical homolytic substitution pathway for the critical C(sp3)-S bond formation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi-Tao Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai-Xin Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Tao Wen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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48
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Bonciolini S, Pulcinella A, Leone M, Schiroli D, Ruiz AL, Sorato A, Dubois MAJ, Gopalakrishnan R, Masson G, Della Ca' N, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Zysman-Colman E, Johansson M, Noël T. Metal-free photocatalytic cross-electrophile coupling enables C1 homologation and alkylation of carboxylic acids with aldehydes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1509. [PMID: 38374079 PMCID: PMC10876646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary drug discovery, enhancing the sp3-hybridized character of molecular structures is paramount, necessitating innovative synthetic methods. Herein, we introduce a deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling technique that pairs easily accessible carboxylic acid-derived redox-active esters with aldehyde sulfonyl hydrazones, employing Eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst under visible light irradiation. This approach serves as a versatile, metal-free C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling platform. We demonstrate its synthetic value as a safer, broadly applicable C1 homologation of carboxylic acids, offering an alternative to the traditional Arndt-Eistert reaction. Additionally, our method provides direct access to cyclic and acyclic β-arylethylamines using diverse aldehyde-derived sulfonyl hydrazones. Notably, the methodology proves to be compatible with the late-stage functionalization of peptides on solid-phase, streamlining the modification of intricate peptides without the need for exhaustive de-novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Leone
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Debora Schiroli
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryne A J Dubois
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, North Haugh University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Brösamlen D, Oestreich M. Ligand-Controlled On-Off Switch of a Silicon-Tethered Directing Group Enabling the Regiodivergent Hydroalkylation of Vinylsilanes under Ni-H Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:977-982. [PMID: 38051157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A regiodivergent Ni-H-catalyzed hydroalkylation of vinylsilanes is described. Depending on the ancillary ligand at the nickel catalyst, the regioselectivity can be steered by a directing group attached to the silicon atom. The mild protocols allow for the selective synthesis of either branched or linear alkylsilanes. An example of a vinylgermane is also reported. The method features a broad scope with high functional-group tolerance and follows a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brösamlen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Li Z, Liu B, Yao CY, Gao GW, Zhang JY, Tong YZ, Zhou JX, Sun HK, Liu Q, Lu X, Fu Y. Ligand-Controlled Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio-, Enantio-, and Diastereoselective Oxyheterocyclic Alkene Hydroalkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3405-3415. [PMID: 38282378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Metal-hydride-catalyzed alkene hydroalkylation has been developed as an efficient method for C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling with broad substrate availability and high functional group compatibility. However, auxiliary groups, a conjugated group or a chelation-directing group, are commonly required to attain high regio- and enantioselectivities. Herein, we reported a ligand-controlled cobalt-hydride-catalyzed regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselective oxyheterocyclic alkene hydroalkylation without chelation-directing groups. This reaction enables the hydroalkylation of conjugated and unconjugated oxyheterocyclic alkenes to deliver C2- or C3-alkylated tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran in uniformly good yields and with high regio- and enantioselectivities. In addition, hydroalkylation of C2-substituted 2,5-dihydrofuran resulted in the simultaneous construction of 1,3-distereocenters, providing convenient access to polysubstituted tetrahydrofuran with multiple enantioenriched C(sp3) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gen-Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao-Kai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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