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El Meouche I, Jain P, Jolly MK, Capp JP. Drug tolerance and persistence in bacteria, fungi and cancer cells: Role of non-genetic heterogeneity. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102069. [PMID: 39121829 PMCID: PMC11364053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A common feature of bacterial, fungal and cancer cell populations upon treatment is the presence of tolerant and persistent cells able to survive, and sometimes grow, even in the presence of usually inhibitory or lethal drug concentrations, driven by non-genetic differences among individual cells in a population. Here we review and compare data obtained on drug survival in bacteria, fungi and cancer cells to unravel common characteristics and cellular pathways, and to point their singularities. This comparative work also allows to cross-fertilize ideas across fields. We particularly focus on the role of gene expression variability in the emergence of cell-cell non-genetic heterogeneity because it represents a possible common basic molecular process at the origin of most persistence phenomena and could be monitored and tuned to help improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane El Meouche
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - Paras Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA/University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Leynaud V, Jousserand NP, Lucas MN, Cavalié L, Motta JP, Oswald É, Lavoué R. Adjunctive intravesical EDTA-tromethamine treatment of a biofilm-associated recurrent Escherichia coli cystitis in a dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:886-893. [PMID: 39219609 PMCID: PMC11339896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A 15-month-old spayed female greater Swiss mountain dog was brought to our clinic because of relapsing episodes of urinary tract infection, present since her adoption at 2 mo of age. A diagnosis of chronic bacterial cystitis associated with an invasive, biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli was made with bladder-wall histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Local treatment with EDTA-tromethamine (EDTA-Tris) infusions along with parenteral cefquinome and prophylactic measures (Type-A proanthocyanidins and probiotics) coincided with clinical and bacterial remission. The dog has been free of clinical signs of urinary tract infection for >4 y. Biofilm-forming uropathogenic E. coli can cause chronic, recurrent cystitis due to low antibiotic efficacy and should be considered in cases of recurrent cystitis in dogs, especially in the absence of identified predisposing factors. This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic options that were used to manage a case of this type. Key clinical message: Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis may be considered in the diagnosis of chronic bacterial cystitis in dogs, and intravesical instillations of EDTA-Tris may be helpful in managing such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Leynaud
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Nicolas P Jousserand
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Laurent Cavalié
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Éric Oswald
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
| | - Rachel Lavoué
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Leynaud, Jousserand, Lavoué); IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Jousserand, Cavalié, Motta, Oswald); INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France (Lavoué); Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest (LAPVSO), Toulouse, France (Lucas); Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (Oswald)
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Singh S, Koo OK. A Comprehensive Review Exploring the Protective Role of Specific Commensal Gut Bacteria against Salmonella. Pathogens 2024; 13:642. [PMID: 39204243 PMCID: PMC11356920 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a diverse community of microorganisms that constantly work to protect the gut against pathogens. Salmonella stands out as a notorious foodborne pathogen that interacts with gut microbes, causing an imbalance in the overall composition of microbiota and leading to dysbiosis. This review focuses on the interactions between Salmonella and the key commensal bacteria such as E. coli, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides. The review highlights the role of these gut bacteria and their synergy in combating Salmonella through several mechanistic interactions. These include the production of siderophores, which compete with Salmonella for essential iron; the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert antimicrobial effects and modulate the gut environment; the secretion of bacteriocins, which directly inhibit Salmonella growth; and the modulation of cytokine responses, which influences the host's immune reaction to infection. While much research has explored Salmonella, this review aims to better understand how specific gut bacteria engage with the pathogen, revealing distinct defense mechanisms tailored to each species and how their synergy may lead to enhanced protection against Salmonella. Furthermore, the combination of these commensal bacteria could offer promising avenues for bacteria-mediated therapy during Salmonella-induced gut infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ok Kyung Koo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Gadhvi JG, Kenee PRM, Lutz KC, Khan F, Li Q, Zimmern PE, De Nisco NJ. Bladder-resident bacteria associated with increased risk of recurrence after electrofulguration in women with antibiotic-recalcitrant urinary tract infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.03.24309902. [PMID: 39006411 PMCID: PMC11245057 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.24309902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-recalcitrant recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is has become increasingly observed in postmenopausal women. Therefore, when standard antibiotic therapies have failed, some elect electrofulguration (EF) of areas of chronic cystitis when detected on office cystoscopy. EF is thought to remove tissue-resident bacteria that have been previously detected in the bladder walls of postmenopausal women with rUTI. We hypothesized that increased bladder bacterial burden may be associated with incomplete rUTI resolution following EF. Methods Following IRB approval, bladder biopsies were obtained from 34 consenting menopausal women electing EF for the advanced management of rUTI. 16S rRNA FISH was performed using both universal and Escherichia probes and tissue-resident bacterial load was quantified. Time to UTI relapse after EF was recorded during a six-month follow-up period and the association of bladder bacterial burden and clinical covariates with UTI relapse was assessed. Results We observed bladder-resident Escherichia in 52% of all participants and in 92% of participants with recent E. coli UTI. Time-to-relapse analysis revealed that women with high bladder bacterial burden as detected by the universal probe had a significantly ( p =0.035) higher risk of UTI within six months of EF (HR=3.15, 95% CI: 1.09-9.11). Interestingly, bladder-resident Escherichia was not significantly associated ( p =0.26) with a higher risk of UTI relapse (HR= 2.14, 95% CI: 0.58-7.90). Conclusions We observed that total bladder bacterial burden was associated with a 3.1x increased risk of rUTI relapse within six months. Continued analysis of the relationship between bladder bacterial burden and rUTI outcomes may provide insight into the management of these challenging patients.
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Gavilanes-Parra S, Chavero-Guerra P, Hernández-Castro R, Villanueva-Recillas S, Manjarrez-Hernández A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Relapses from Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:304-313. [PMID: 38949898 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) associated with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). The present study aimed to analyze the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of recurrent UPEC isolates attributable to either relapse or reinfection. A total of 140 E. coli strains were isolated from 70 outpatients with RUTIs. All isolates were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate genetic similarity between the first and second isolates. We found that 64.2% (45/70) of outpatients had a relapse with the primary infecting E. coli strain and 35.7% (25/70) had reinfection with a new E. coli strain. Compared with reinfecting strains, relapse UPEC isolates exhibited much higher antimicrobial resistance; 89% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant and 46.6% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Our study provides evidence that RUTIs are mainly driven by the persistence of the original strain in the host (relapses) despite appropriate antibiotic treatments, and only RUTIs attributed to relapses seem to favor multidrug resistance in UPEC isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pedro Chavero-Guerra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Angel Manjarrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México
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6
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Fuochi V, Furnari S, Trovato L, Calvo M, Furneri PM. Therapies in preclinical and in early clinical development for the treatment of urinary tract infections: from pathogens to therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:677-698. [PMID: 38700945 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2351509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent health challenge characterized by the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the urinary system. The continuous exploration of novel therapeutic interventions is imperative. Advances in research offer hope for revolutionizing the management of UTIs and improving the overall health outcomes for individuals affected by these infections. AREAS COVERED This review aimed to provide an overview of existing treatments for UTIs, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Moreover, we explored and analyzed the latest therapeutic modalities under clinical development. Finally, the review offered a picture into the potential implications of these therapies on the future landscape of UTIs treatment, discussing possible advancements and challenges for further research. EXPERT OPINION Comprehensions into the pathogenesis of UTIs have been gleaned from foundational basic science studies, laying the groundwork for the exploration of novel therapeutic interventions. The primary source of evidence originates predominantly from animal studies conducted on murine models. Nevertheless, the lack of clinical trials interferes the acquisition of robust evidence in humans. The challenges presented by the heterogeneity and virulence of uropathogens add an additional layer of complexity, posing an obstacle that scientists and clinicians are actively grappling with in their pursuit of effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fuochi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Furnari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Maddalena Calvo
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Pio Maria Furneri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Morrison JJ, Madden EK, Banas DA, DiBiasio EC, Hansen M, Krogfelt KA, Rowley DC, Cohen PS, Camberg JL. Metabolic flux regulates growth transitions and antibiotic tolerance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0016224. [PMID: 38814092 PMCID: PMC11332148 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00162-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing growth and limiting metabolism are strategies that allow bacteria to survive exposure to environmental stress and antibiotics. During infection, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) may enter a quiescent state that enables them to reemerge after the completion of successful antibiotic treatment. Many clinical isolates, including the well-characterized UPEC strain CFT073, also enter a metabolite-dependent, quiescent state in vitro that is reversible with cues, including peptidoglycan-derived peptides and amino acids. Here, we show that quiescent UPEC is antibiotic tolerant and demonstrate that metabolic flux in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulates the UPEC quiescent state via succinyl-CoA. We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator complex integration host factor and the FtsZ-interacting protein ZapE, which is important for E. coli division during stress, are essential for UPEC to enter the quiescent state. Notably, in addition to engaging FtsZ and late-stage cell division proteins, ZapE also interacts directly with TCA cycle enzymes in bacterial two-hybrid assays. We report direct interactions between the succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit SdhC, the late-stage cell division protein FtsN, and ZapE. These interactions may enable communication between oxidative metabolism and the cell division machinery in UPEC. Moreover, these interactions are conserved in an E. coli K-12 strain. This work suggests that there is coordination among the two fundamental and essential pathways that regulate overall growth, quiescence, and antibiotic susceptibility. IMPORTANCE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Upon invasion into bladder epithelial cells, UPEC establish quiescent intracellular reservoirs that may lead to antibiotic tolerance and recurrent UTIs. Here, we demonstrate using an in vitro system that quiescent UPEC cells are tolerant to ampicillin and have decreased metabolism characterized by succinyl-CoA limitation. We identify the global regulator integration host factor complex and the cell division protein ZapE as critical modifiers of quiescence and antibiotic tolerance. Finally, we show that ZapE interacts with components of both the cell division machinery and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and this interaction is conserved in non-pathogenic E. coli, establishing a novel link between cell division and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah J. Morrison
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ellen K. Madden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel A. Banas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eric C. DiBiasio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mads Hansen
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Centre for Mathematical Modeling - Human Health and Disease, University of Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karen A. Krogfelt
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Centre for Mathematical Modeling - Human Health and Disease, University of Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David C. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Paul S. Cohen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jodi L. Camberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Amoura A, Pistien C, Chaligné C, Dion S, Magnan M, Bridier-Nahmias A, Baron A, Chau F, Bourgogne E, Le M, Denamur E, Ingersoll MA, Fantin B, Lefort A, El Meouche I. Variability in cell division among anatomical sites shapes Escherichia coli antibiotic survival in a urinary tract infection mouse model. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:900-912.e4. [PMID: 38759643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI), mainly caused by Escherichia coli, are frequent and have a recurrent nature even after antibiotic treatment. Potential bacterial escape mechanisms include growth defects, but probing bacterial division in vivo and establishing its relation to the antibiotic response remain challenging. Using a synthetic reporter of cell division, we follow the temporal dynamics of cell division for different E. coli clinical strains in a UTI mouse model with and without antibiotics. We show that more bacteria are actively dividing in the kidneys and urine compared with the bladder. Bacteria that survive antibiotic treatment are consistently non-dividing in three sites of infection. Additionally, we demonstrate how both the strain in vitro persistence profile and the microenvironment impact infection and treatment dynamics. Understanding the relative contribution of the host environment, growth heterogeneity, non-dividing bacteria, and antibiotic persistence is crucial to improve therapies for recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Amoura
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Claire Pistien
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Camille Chaligné
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Sara Dion
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra Baron
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Chau
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourgogne
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Pharmacocinétique, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Minh Le
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Pharmacocinétique, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fantin
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lefort
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service de Médecine Interne, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Imane El Meouche
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France.
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9
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McAteer J, Tamma PD. Diagnosing and Managing Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:361-380. [PMID: 38729666 PMCID: PMC11090456 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the article, the authors review antibiotic treatment options for both acute uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. In addition, they review alternative regimens which are needed in the setting of drug-resistant pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, -extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas, which are encountered with more frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAteer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pranita D Tamma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Rousek AA, Mulvey MA. Plant phenolics inhibit focal adhesion kinase and suppress host cell invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0008024. [PMID: 38534100 PMCID: PMC11075462 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00080-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here, we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate-for the effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. In cell culture-based assays, only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common and increasingly difficult to treat due to the ongoing rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the primary cause of UTIs, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), can avoid antibiotic exposure and many host defenses by invading the epithelial cells that line the bladder surface. Here, we identified two plant-derived phenolic compounds that disrupt activation of the host machinery needed for UPEC entry into bladder cells. One of these compounds, resveratrol, effectively inhibited UPEC invasion of the bladder mucosa in a mouse UTI model, and both phenolic compounds significantly reduced host cell entry by other invasive pathogens. These findings suggest that select phenolic compounds could be used to supplement existing antibacterial therapeutics by denying uropathogens shelter within host cells and tissues and help explain some of the benefits attributed to traditional plant-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexis A. Rousek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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11
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Amyx-Sherer K, Reichhardt C. Challenges and opportunities in elucidating the structures of biofilm exopolysaccharides: A case study of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide called Pel. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:361-369. [PMID: 37919227 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotic treatment and host immune responses, making biofilm infections difficult to treat. Within biofilms, bacterial cells are entangled in a self-produced extracellular matrix that typically includes exopolysaccharides. Molecular-level descriptions of biofilm matrix components, especially exopolysaccharides, have been challenging to attain due to their complex nature and lack of solubility and crystallinity. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a key tool to determine the structure of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides without degradative sample preparation. In this review, we discuss challenges of studying biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides and opportunities to develop solid-state NMR approaches to study these generally intractable materials. We specifically highlight investigations of the exopolysaccharide called Pel made by the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We provide a roadmap for determining exopolysaccharide structure and discuss future opportunities to study such systems using solid-state NMR. The strategies discussed for elucidating biofilm exopolysaccharide structure should be broadly applicable to studying the structures of other glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Amyx-Sherer
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney Reichhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Zheng EJ, Valeri JA, Andrews IW, Krishnan A, Bandyopadhyay P, Anahtar MN, Herneisen A, Schulte F, Linnehan B, Wong F, Stokes JM, Renner LD, Lourido S, Collins JJ. Discovery of antibiotics that selectively kill metabolically dormant bacteria. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:712-728.e9. [PMID: 38029756 PMCID: PMC11031330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to discover and develop non-toxic antibiotics that are effective against metabolically dormant bacteria, which underlie chronic infections and promote antibiotic resistance. Traditional antibiotic discovery has historically favored compounds effective against actively metabolizing cells, a property that is not predictive of efficacy in metabolically inactive contexts. Here, we combine a stationary-phase screening method with deep learning-powered virtual screens and toxicity filtering to discover compounds with lethality against metabolically dormant bacteria and favorable toxicity profiles. The most potent and structurally distinct compound without any obvious mechanistic liability was semapimod, an anti-inflammatory drug effective against stationary-phase E. coli and A. baumannii. Integrating microbiological assays, biochemical measurements, and single-cell microscopy, we show that semapimod selectively disrupts and permeabilizes the bacterial outer membrane by binding lipopolysaccharide. This work illustrates the value of harnessing non-traditional screening methods and deep learning models to identify non-toxic antibacterial compounds that are effective in infection-relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Zheng
- Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Valeri
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian W Andrews
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aarti Krishnan
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melis N Anahtar
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alice Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fabian Schulte
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brooke Linnehan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Felix Wong
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan M Stokes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Blee JA, Gorochowski TE, Hauert S. Optimization of periodic treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms using an agent-based in silico approach. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240078. [PMID: 38593842 PMCID: PMC11003776 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are responsible for most chronic infections and are highly resistant to antibiotic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated that periodic dosing of antibiotics can help sensitize persistent subpopulations and reduce the overall dosage required for treatment. Because the dynamics and mechanisms of biofilm growth and the formation of persister cells are diverse and are affected by environmental conditions, it remains a challenge to design optimal periodic dosing regimens. Here, we develop a computational agent-based model to streamline this process and determine key parameters for effective treatment. We used our model to test a broad range of persistence switching dynamics and found that if periodic antibiotic dosing was tuned to biofilm dynamics, the dose required for effective treatment could be reduced by nearly 77%. The biofilm architecture and its response to antibiotics were found to depend on the dynamics of persister cells. Despite some differences in the response of biofilm governed by different persister switching rates, we found that a general optimized periodic treatment was still effective in significantly reducing the required antibiotic dose. As persistence becomes better quantified and understood, our model has the potential to act as a foundation for more effective strategies to target bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. Blee
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Ada Lovelace Building, Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Sabine Hauert
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Ada Lovelace Building, Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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14
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Mohammed AF, Othman SA, Abou-Ghadir OF, Kotb AA, Mostafa YA, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdu-Allah HHM. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of some new aryl and heteroaryl thiomannosides as FimH antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107258. [PMID: 38447463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
FimH is a mannose-recognizing lectin that is expressed by Escherichia coli guiding its ability to adhere and infect cells. It is involved in pathogenesis of urinary tract infections and Chron's disease. Several X-ray structure-guided ligand design studies were extensively utilized in the discovery and optimization of small molecule aryl mannoside FimH antagonists. These antagonists retain key specific interactions of the mannose scaffolds with the FimH carbohydrate recognition domains. Thiomannosides are attractive and stable scaffolds, and this work reports the synthesis of some of their new aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as FimH antagonists. FimH-competitive binding assays as well as biofilm inhibition of the new compounds (24-32) were determined in comparison with the reference n-heptyl α-d-mannopyranoside (HM). The affinity among these compounds was found to be governed by the structure of the aryl and heteroarylf aglycones. Two compounds 31 and 32 revealed higher activity than HM. Molecular docking and total hydrophobic to topological polar surface area ratio calculations attributed to explain the obtained biological results. Finally, the SAR study suggested that introducing an aryl or heteroaryl aglycone of sufficient hydrophobicity and of proper orientation within the tyrosine binding site considerably enhance binding affinity. The potent and synthetically feasible FimH antagonists described herein hold potential as leads for the development of sensors for detection of E. coli and treatment of its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anber F Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Othman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ola F Abou-Ghadir
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Kotb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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15
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Sawant NV, Chang SS, Pandit KA, Khekare P, Warner WR, Zimmern PE, De Nisco NJ. VesiX cetylpyridinium chloride is rapidly bactericidal and reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli bladder epithelial cell invasion in vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0271223. [PMID: 38240572 PMCID: PMC10913388 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02712-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women can be challenging. The recent rise in resistance to most of the available oral antibiotic options together with high recurrence rate in postmenopausal women has further complicated treatment of UTI. As such, intravesical instillations of antibiotics like gentamicin are being investigated as an alternative to oral antibiotic therapies. This study evaluates the efficacy of the candidate intravesical therapeutic VesiX, a solution containing the cationic detergent Cetylpyridinium chloride, against a broad range of uropathogenic bacterial species clinically isolated from postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI (rUTI). We also evaluate the cytotoxicity of VesiX against cultured bladder epithelial cells and find that low concentrations of 0.0063% and 0.0125% provide significant bactericidal effect toward diverse bacterial species including uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis while minimizing cytotoxic effects against cultured 5637 bladder epithelial cells. Lastly, to begin to evaluate the potential utility of using VesiX in combination therapy with existing intravesical therapies for rUTI, we investigate the combined effects of VesiX and the intravesical antibiotic gentamicin. We find that VesiX and gentamicin are not antagonistic and are able to reduce levels of intracellular UPEC in cultured bladder epithelial cells. IMPORTANCE When urinary tract infections (UTIs), which affect over 50% of women, become resistant to available antibiotic therapies dangerous complications like kidney infection and lethal sepsis can occur. New therapeutic paradigms are needed to expand our arsenal against these difficult to manage infections. Our study investigates VesiX, a Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based therapeutic, as a candidate broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for use in bladder instillation therapy for antibiotic-resistant UTI. CPC is a cationic surfactant that is FDA-approved for use in mouthwashes and is used as a food additive but has not been extensively evaluated as a UTI therapeutic. Our study is the first to investigate its rapid bactericidal kinetics against diverse uropathogenic bacterial species isolated from postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI and host cytotoxicity. We also report that together with the FDA-approved bladder-instillation agent gentamicin, VesiX was able to significantly reduce intracellular populations of uropathogenic bacteria in cultured bladder epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata V. Sawant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel S. Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Krutika A. Pandit
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Prachi Khekare
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | | | - Philippe E. Zimmern
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole J. De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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16
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Westcott MM, Morse AE, Troy G, Blevins M, Wierzba T, Sanders JW. Photochemical inactivation as an alternative method to produce a whole-cell vaccine for uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0366123. [PMID: 38315025 PMCID: PMC10913755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03661-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI presents a serious health risk and has considerable secondary implications including economic burden, recurring episodes, and overuse of antibiotics. A safe and effective vaccine would address this widespread health problem and emerging antibiotic resistance. Killed, whole-cell vaccines have shown limited efficacy to prevent recurrent UTI in human trials. We explored photochemical inactivation with psoralen drugs and UVA light (PUVA), which crosslinks nucleic acid, as an alternative to protein-damaging methods of inactivation to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines. Exposure of UPEC to the psoralen drug AMT and UVA light resulted in a killed but metabolically active (KBMA) state, as reported previously for other PUVA-inactivated bacteria. The immunogenicity of PUVA-UPEC as compared to formalin-inactivated UPEC was compared in mice. Both generated high UPEC-specific serum IgG titers after intramuscular delivery. However, using functional adherence as a measure of surface protein integrity, we found differences in the properties of PUVA- and formalin-inactivated UPEC. Adhesion mediated by Type-1 and P-fimbriae was severely compromised by formalin but was unaffected by PUVA, indicating that PUVA preserved the functional conformation of fimbrial proteins, which are targets of protective immune responses. In vitro assays indicated that although they retained metabolic activity, PUVA-UPEC lost virulence properties that could negatively impact vaccine safety. Our results imply the potential for PUVA to improve killed, whole-cell UTI vaccines by generating bacteria that more closely resemble their live, infectious counterparts relative to vaccines generated with protein-damaging methods. IMPORTANCE Lower urinary tract infection (UTI), caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, represents a significant health burden, accounting for 7 million primary care and 1 million emergency room visits annually in the United States. Women and the elderly are especially susceptible and recurrent infection (rUTI) is common in those populations. Lower UTI can lead to life-threatening systemic infection. UTI burden is manifested by healthcare dollars spent (1.5 billion annually), quality of life impact, and resistant strains emerging from antibiotic overuse. A safe and effective vaccine to prevent rUTI would address a substantial healthcare issue. Vaccines comprised of inactivated uropathogenic bacteria have yielded encouraging results in clinical trials but improvements that enhance vaccine performance are needed. To that end, we focused on inactivation methodology and provided data to support photochemical inactivation, which targets nucleic acid, as a promising alternative to conventional protein-damaging inactivation methods to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena M. Westcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis E. Morse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gavin Troy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Wierzba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - John W. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Ronneau S, Michaux C, Giorgio RT, Helaine S. Intoxication of antibiotic persisters by host RNS inactivates their efflux machinery during infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012033. [PMID: 38421944 PMCID: PMC10903880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The host environment is of critical importance for antibiotic efficacy. By impacting bacterial machineries, stresses encountered by pathogens during infection promote the formation of phenotypic variants that are transiently insensitive to the action of antibiotics. It is assumed that these recalcitrant bacteria-termed persisters-contribute to antibiotic treatment failure and relapsing infections. Recently, we demonstrated that host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) transiently protect persisters against the action of β-lactam antibiotics by delaying their regrowth within host cells. Here, we discovered that RNS intoxication of persisters also collaterally sensitizing them to fluoroquinolones during infection, explaining the higher efficiency of fluoroquinolones against intramacrophage Salmonella. By reducing bacterial respiration and the proton-motive force, RNS inactivate the AcrAB efflux machinery of persisters, facilitating the accumulation of fluoroquinolones intracellularly. Our work shows that target inactivity is not the sole reason for Salmonella persisters to withstand antibiotics during infection, with active efflux being a major contributor to survival. Thus, understanding how the host environment impacts persister physiology is critical to optimize antibiotics efficacy during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Michaux
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel T. Giorgio
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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18
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Sun Y, Li S, Si Y, Niu Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Dong L, Zhu P, Dai J, Yang F. Dual-Stable-Isotope-Probed Raman microspectroscopy reveals the metabolic dynamic of Streptococcus mutans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123318. [PMID: 37703791 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is regarded as a cariogenic pathogen with the ability to metabolize sugars and form organic acids. However, its actual timely level of glucose consumption and cellular vitality in a polymicrobial culture system remains largely unknown. To tackle this challenge, we employed the S. mutans UA159 as a model and developed a dual-stable-isotope-probed Raman microspectroscopy method (Dual SIP-Raman) to simultaneously profile the general metabolic activity and glucose assimilative activity in situ. (i) Mono-SIP substrate feeding revealed that 0.5% 13C-glucose and 30% D2O were proper doses in the medium to obtain prominent and quantitative band shifts along with the 13C or D2O incorporation. In addition, the intensity of the 13C peak of phenylalanine (Phe) is proposed as a Raman-based biomarker for glucose utilization in a cell. (ii) The state of dual SIP substrate incorporation of 13C-glucose and D2O could be visualized by the corresponding spectral "red shifts" of Raman-scattered emissions; moreover, we also demonstrated that 13C/12C analysis was closely correlated with the C-D ratio. (iii) The application of the dual 13C-glucose and D2O feeding approach on a mock microbiota of S. mutans UA159 and C. albicans ATCC14053 revealed a stimulatory effect of fungus on both the glucose intake rate and general metabolic vitality of S. mutans UA159 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the 13C-glucose and D2O dual-feeding Raman Microspectroscopy approach is a valuable new tool for evaluating the glucose intake rate and general metabolic levels in situ, tracing the changing trend of the above metabolic activities, which is helpful to clarify the changes in the cariogenicity of oral microorganisms caused by the external environment at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Sun
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shandong, 26607, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shandong, 26607, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yufen Niu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shandong, 26607, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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19
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LeCuyer TE, Sellon RK, Byrne BA, Daniels JB, Diaz-Campos DV, Hendrix GK, Burbick CR, Besser TE, Davis MA. Multicenter molecular investigation of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteriuria in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109914. [PMID: 38113575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs. UTI recurrence comprises of persistent, unresolved E. coli infection or reinfection with a different strain of E. coli. Differentiating between these processes is clinically important but is often impossible with routine diagnostics. We tested the hypothesis that most recurrent canine E. coli bacteriuria is due to recurrence of the same E. coli strain involved in the initial infection. Molecular typing was performed on 98 urinary E. coli isolated from dogs with recurrent bacteriuria from five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States. Of the 42 dogs in this study with multiple E. coli bacteriuria observations, a single strain of E. coli caused recurrent bacteriuria in 26 (62 %) dogs, in some cases on multiple occasions for prolonged periods of time (up to eight months). A single E. coli strain was detected during both subclinical bacteriuria and clinically-apparent UTI in three dogs. Isolates with the P-fimbrial adhesin genes papA and papC were associated with recurrence by the same strain of E. coli. Multiple isolations of a single strain of E. coli associated with recurrent bacteriuria suggests that E. coli may be maintained within the urinary tract of some dogs for prolonged periods of time. In some patients, the same strain can cause both clinical UTI and subclinical bacteriuria. This indicates that in dogs, the urinary bladder may serve as a subclinical, long-term reservoir of E. coli that may cause clinical UTI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E LeCuyer
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Rance K Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dubraska V Diaz-Campos
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Thomas E Besser
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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20
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Ramírez Castillo FY, Guerrero Barrera AL, Harel J, Avelar González FJ, Vogeleer P, Arreola Guerra JM, González Gámez M. Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2858. [PMID: 38138002 PMCID: PMC10745304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological features and ascertain their relationship with biofilm capabilities. High levels of ceftazidime resistance are present in hospital-acquired UTIs. Isolates of multidrug resistance strains (p = 0.0017) and the yfcV gene (p = 0.0193) were higher in male patients. All the strains tested were able to form biofilms. Significant differences were found among higher optical densities (ODs) and antibiotic resistance to cefazolin (p = 0.0395), ceftazidime (p = 0.0302), and cefepime (p = 0.0420). Overall, the presence of fimH and papC coincided with strong biofilm formation by UPEC. Type 1 fimbriae (p = 0.0349), curli (p = 0.0477), and cellulose (p = 0.0253) production was significantly higher among strong biofilm formation. Our results indicated that high antibiotic resistance may be related to male infections as well as strong and moderate biofilm production. The ability of E. coli strains to produce biofilm is important for controlling urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Yazmín Ramírez Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Alma Lilian Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Josée Harel
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada;
| | - Francisco Javier Avelar González
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Philippe Vogeleer
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | | | - Mario González Gámez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes 20259, Mexico;
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Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Mulvey MA. Plant Phenolics Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Host Cell Invasion by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.23.568486. [PMID: 38045282 PMCID: PMC10690256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.23.568486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds - caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate - for effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses, and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. Using cell culture-based assays, we found that only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK, or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model, and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Dhakal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tiffani A. Jones
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sundsbak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Danelle S. Eto
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, 257 S 1400 E, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, 1390 Presidents Circle, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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22
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Wang Y, Liang B, Song Z, Chen W, Niu H, Xing D, Zhang Y. High antipersister activity of a promising new quinolone drug candidate in eradicating uropathogenic Escherichia coli persisters and persistent infection in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad193. [PMID: 37667517 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop more potent drugs that eradicate persister bacteria and cure persistent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). METHODS AND RESULTS We synthesized eight novel clinifloxacin analogs and measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the time-kill curves in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI89, and applied the candidate drugs and combinations against biofilm bacteria in vitro and in mice. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for UPEC after candidate drug treatment to shed light on potential mechanism of action. We identified Compound 2, named Qingdafloxacin (QDF), which was more potent than clinafloxacin and clinically used levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, with an MIC of < 0.04 μg ml-1 and an MBC of 0.08∼0.16 μg ml-1. In drug combination studies, QDF + gentamicin + nitrofuran combination but not single drugs completely eradicated all stationary phase bacteria containing persisters and biofilm bacteria, and all bacteria in a persistent UTI mouse model. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the unique antipersister activity of QDF was associated with downregulation of genes involved in bacterial stress response, DNA repair, protein misfolding repair, pyrimidine metabolism, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism, and efflux. CONCLUSIONS QDF has high antipersister activity and its drug combinations proved highly effective against biofilm bacteria in vitro and persistent UTIs in mice, which may have implications for treating rUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengming Song
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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23
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Veranič P, Križaj I. Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13667. [PMID: 37686473 PMCID: PMC10488087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained enormous importance in biomedicine in recent years, both in basic and applied sciences [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Morales G, Abelson B, Reasoner S, Miller J, Earl AM, Hadjifrangiskou M, Schmitz J. The Role of Mobile Genetic Elements in Virulence Factor Carriage from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cases of Escherichia coli Bacteriuria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0471022. [PMID: 37195213 PMCID: PMC10269530 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04710-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is extremely diverse genotypically and phenotypically. Individual strains can variably carry diverse virulence factors, making it challenging to define a molecular signature for this pathotype. For many bacterial pathogens, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) constitute a major mechanism of virulence factor acquisition. For urinary E. coli, the total distribution of MGEs and their role in the acquisition of virulence factors is not well defined, including in the context of symptomatic infection versus asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). In this work, we characterized 151 isolates of E. coli, derived from patients with either urinary tract infection (UTI) or ASB. For both sets of E. coli, we catalogued the presence of plasmids, prophage, and transposons. We analyzed MGE sequences for the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. These MGEs were associated with only ~4% of total virulence associated genes, while plasmids contributed to ~15% of antimicrobial resistance genes under consideration. Our analyses suggests that, across strains of E. coli, MGEs are not a prominent driver of urinary tract pathogenesis and symptomatic infection. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), with UTI-associated strains designated "uropathogenic" E. coli or UPEC. Across urinary strains of E. coli, the global landscape of MGEs and its relationship to virulence factor carriage and clinical symptomatology require greater clarity. Here, we demonstrate that many of the putative virulence factors of UPEC are not associated with acquisition due to MGEs. The current work enhances our understanding of the strain-to-strain variability and pathogenic potential of urine-associated E. coli and points toward more subtle genomic differences distinguishing ASB from UTI isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Morales
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin Abelson
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jordan Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Ronneau S, Michaux C, Helaine S. Decline in nitrosative stress drives antibiotic persister regrowth during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:993-1006.e6. [PMID: 37236190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods of time, and it is assumed that their growth resumption causes infection relapse after cessation of antibiotic treatment. Despite this clinical relevance, the signals and conditions that drive persister regrowth during infection are not yet understood. Here, we found that after persister formation in macrophages, host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in response to Salmonella infection lock persisters in growth arrest by intoxicating their TCA cycle, lowering cellular respiration and ATP production. Intracellular persisters resume growth when macrophage RNS production subsides and functionality of their TCA cycle is regained. Persister growth resumption within macrophages is slow and heterogeneous, dramatically extending the time the persister reservoir feeds infection relapse. Using an inhibitor of RNS production, we can force recalcitrant bacteria to regrow during antibiotic treatment, thereby facilitating their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charlotte Michaux
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Amábile-Cuevas CF. Ascorbate and Antibiotics, at Concentrations Attainable in Urine, Can Inhibit the Growth of Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli Cultured in Synthetic Human Urine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:985. [PMID: 37370304 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting reports on the antibacterial activity of ascorbate; all at concentrations much higher than the typical in human plasma, but that can be reached in urine. The effect of 10 mM ascorbate (in itself not inhibitory) along with antibiotics, was tested both in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHb) and in synthetic human urine (SHU), against resistant isolates of Escherichia coli from lower urinary infections. The activity of nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole was higher in SHU than in MHb; minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in SHU with ascorbate were below typical urinary concentrations. For other antibiotics, MICs were the same in MHb vs. SHU, with no effect of ascorbate in MHb; but in SHU with ascorbate, MICs of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin also went below reported urinary concentrations, with a lesser effect with norfloxacin and trimethoprim, and none with ampicillin. The effect of ascorbate was independent of oxygen and not related to the susceptibility of each strain to oxidative stress. Ascorbate oxidizes during incubation in SHU, and bacterial growth partially prevented oxidation. These results suggest that 10 mM ascorbate can enhance the inhibitory activity of antibiotics upon resistant strains in urine. Clinical experimentation with ascorbate-antibiotic combinations against urinary infections caused by resistant bacteria is warranted.
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27
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Morrison JJ, Banas DA, Madden EK, DiBiasio EC, Rowley DC, Cohen PS, Camberg JL. Metabolic flux regulates growth transitions and antibiotic tolerance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540013. [PMID: 37215002 PMCID: PMC10197701 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reducing growth and limiting metabolism are strategies that allow bacteria to survive exposure to environmental stress and antibiotics. During infection, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) may enter a quiescent state that enables them to reemerge after completion of successful antibiotic treatment. Many clinical isolates, including the well characterized UPEC strain CFT073, also enter a metabolite-dependent, quiescent state in vitro that is reversible with cues, including peptidoglycan-derived peptides and amino acids. Here, we show that quiescent UPEC is antibiotic tolerant and demonstrate that metabolic flux in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulates the UPEC quiescent state via succinyl-CoA. We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator complex IHF and the FtsZ-interacting protein ZapE, which is important for E. coli division during stress, are essential for UPEC to enter the quiescent state. Notably, in addition to engaging FtsZ and late-stage cell division proteins, ZapE also interacts directly with TCA cycle enzymes in bacterial two hybrid assays. We report direct interactions between succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit SdhC, the late-stage cell division protein FtsN, and ZapE. These interactions likely enable communication between oxidative metabolism and the cell division machinery in UPEC. Moreover, these interactions are conserved in an E. coli K-12 strain. This work suggests that there is coordination among the two fundamental and essential pathways that regulate overall growth, quiescence, and antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah J. Morrison
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Daniel A. Banas
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Ellen K. Madden
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Eric C. DiBiasio
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - David C. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Paul S. Cohen
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Jodi L. Camberg
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881
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Arafi V, Hasani A, Sadeghi J, Varshochi M, Poortahmasebi V, Hasani A, Hasani R. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli endeavors: an insight into the characteristic features, resistance mechanism, and treatment choice. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:226. [PMID: 37156886 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the strains diverted from the intestinal status and account mainly for uropathogenicity. This pathotype has gained specifications in structure and virulence to turn into a competent uropathogenic organism. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance play an important role in the organism's persistence in the urinary tract. Increased consumption of carbapenem prescribed for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extended-spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPECs, has added to the expansion of resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control (CDC) placed the Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) on their treatment priority lists. Understanding both patterns of pathogenicity, and multiple drug resistance may provide guidance for the rational use of anti-bacterial agents in the clinic. Developing an effective vaccine, adherence-inhibiting compounds, cranberry juice, and probiotics are non-antibiotical approaches proposed for the treatment of drug-resistant UTIs. We aimed to review the distinguishing characteristics, current therapeutic options and promising non-antibiotical approaches against ESBL-producing and CRE UPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Arafi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadeghi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Varshochi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Viitanen SJ, Tuomisto L, Salonen N, Eskola K, Kegler K. Escherichia coli-associated follicular cystitis in dogs: Clinical and pathologic characterization. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1059-1066. [PMID: 37154220 PMCID: PMC10229364 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular cystitis is an uncommon inflammatory change in the urinary bladder wall characterized by the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in the submucosa. OBJECTIVES To characterize clinical and pathologic features of follicular cystitis in dogs and to explore in situ distribution and possible role of Escherichia coli as an associated cause. ANIMALS Eight dogs diagnosed with follicular cystitis and 2 control dogs. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study. Dogs diagnosed with follicular cystitis (macroscopic follicular lesions in the urinary bladder mucosa and histopathologic detection of TLSs in bladder wall biopsies) were identified from medical records. Paraffin embedded bladder wall biopsies were subject to in situ hybridization for E. coli 16SrRNA identification. RESULTS Follicular cystitis was diagnosed in large breed (median weight 24.9 kg, interquartile range [IQR] 18.8-35.4 kg) female dogs with a history of chronic recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs; median duration of clinical signs 7 months, IQR 3-17 months; median number of previous UTIs 5, IQR 4-6). Positive E. coli 16SrRNA signal was detected within developing, immature and mature TLSs in 7/8 dogs, through submucosal stroma in 8/8 dogs and within the urothelium in 3/8 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Chronic inflammation associated with an intramural E. coli infection in the urinary bladder wall represents a possible triggering factor for the development of follicular cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna J Viitanen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Tuomisto
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Pathology and Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Salonen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Eskola
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristel Kegler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Pathology and Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Niu H, Li T, Du Y, Lv Z, Cao Q, Zhang Y. Glutamate Transporters GltS, GltP and GltI Are Involved in Escherichia coli Tolerance In Vitro and Pathogenicity in Mouse Urinary Tract Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1173. [PMID: 37317147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify the roles of GltS, GltP, and GltI in E. coli tolerance and pathogenicity, we quantified and compared the relative abundance of gltS, gltP, and gltI in log-phase and stationary-phase E. coli and constructed their knockout mutant strains in E. coli BW25113 and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) separately, followed by analysis of their abilities to tolerate antibiotics and stressors, their capacity for adhesion to and invasion of human bladder epithelial cells, and their survival ability in mouse urinary tracts. Our results showed that gltS, gltP, and gltI transcripts were higher in stationary phase E. coli than in log-phase incubation. Furthermore, deletion of gltS, gltP, and gltI genes in E. coli BW25113 results in decreased tolerance to antibiotics (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) and stressors (acid pH, hyperosmosis, and heat), and loss of gltS, gltP, and gltI in uropathogenic E. coli UTI89 caused attenuated adhesion and invasion in human bladder epithelial cells and markedly reduced survival in mice. The results showed the important roles of the glutamate transporter genes gltI, gltP, and gltS in E. coli tolerance to antibiotics (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) and stressors (acid pH, hyperosmosis, and heat) in vitro and in pathogenicity in mouse urinary tracts and human bladder epithelial cells, as shown by reduced survival and colonization, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bacterial tolerance and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuodi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yunjie Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Fashemi BE, Wang C, Chappidi RR, Morsy H, Mysorekar IU. Supraphysiologic Vaginal Estrogen Therapy in Aged Mice Mitigates Age-Associated Bladder Inflammatory Response to Urinary Tract Infections. UROGYNECOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2023; 29:430-442. [PMID: 36384972 PMCID: PMC10117622 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bladder diseases characterized by chronic inflammation are highly prevalent in older women, as are recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Recurrent urinary tract infections lead to chronic inflammation of the bladder mucosa and cause lower urinary tract symptoms that persist even after the infection is cleared. Vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) has long been used for the treatment of rUTIs; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism(s) by which VET affects bladder inflammation and response to rUTIs. STUDY DESIGN Here, we induced surgical menopause in aged (18 months old) mice followed by VET. Mice were then infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli , and course of infection was investigated. Inflammatory cytokine response was assessed before and during infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA sequencing analysis was used to compare the inflammatory status of the young versus aged bladder and principal changes confirmed via quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effects of VET on bladder inflammation. Impact on age-associated bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue formation was evaluated histologically. RESULTS In the ovariectomized aged model, VET not only mitigated uterine atrophy but was also associated with reduced rUTIs, number of bacterial reservoirs, dampened immune response, and promotion of terminal differentiation of urothelial cells. Bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue lesions were also reduced with VET, with an associated decrease in signals important for bladder tertiary lymphoid tissue formation. Finally, we determined that VET reverses age-associated upregulation of inflammatory genes and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that VET is effective by reducing age-associated hyperinflammatory conditions in bladder mucosa and in enhancing the host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisiayo E Fashemi
- From the Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Division of Basic Research
| | - Caihong Wang
- From the Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Division of Basic Research
| | - Rayvanth R Chappidi
- From the Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Division of Basic Research
| | - Haidy Morsy
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine
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Morris CJ, Rohn JL, Glickman S, Mansfield KJ. Effective Treatments of UTI—Is Intravesical Therapy the Future? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030417. [PMID: 36986339 PMCID: PMC10058863 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) afflicts millions of patients globally each year. While the majority of UTIs are successfully treated with orally administered antibiotics, the impact of oral antibiotics on the host microbiota is under close research scrutiny and the potential for dysbiosis is a cause for concern. Optimal treatment of UTI relies upon the selection of an agent which displays appropriate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) properties that will deliver appropriately high concentrations in the urinary tract after oral administration. Alternatively, high local concentrations of antibiotic at the urothelial surface can be achieved by direct instillation into the urinary tract. For antibiotics with the appropriate physicochemical properties, this can be of critical importance in cases for which an intracellular urothelial bacterial reservoir is suspected. In this review, we summarise the underpinning biopharmaceutical barriers to effective treatment of UTI and provide an overview of the evidence for the deployment of the intravesical administration route for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Morris
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Rohn
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Kylie J. Mansfield
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-242-215-851
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Sonika S, Singh S, Mishra S, Verma S. Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14220. [PMID: 37101643 PMCID: PMC10123168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host environment such as nutrient deprivation, oxidation, immune response, and antimicrobials. Several studies have reported the involvement of TA loci in establishing successful infection, intracellular survival, better colonization, adaptation to host stresses, and chronic infection. Overall, the TA loci play a crucial role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Nonetheless, there are some controversies about the role of TA system in stress response, biofilm and persister formation. In this review, we describe the role of the TA systems in bacterial virulence. We discuss the important features of each type of TA system and the recent discoveries identifying key contributions of TA loci in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Wu N, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Liu S, Xu T, Cui P, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Mediates a New Mechanism of Persister Formation in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0154622. [PMID: 36475972 PMCID: PMC9927094 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01546-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of many genes and pathways involved in the persistence phenomenon in bacteria, the mechanisms of persistence are not well understood. Here, using Escherichia coli, we identified polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a key regulator of persister formation. We constructed the pnp knockout strain (Δpnp) and its complemented strain and exposed them to antibiotics and stress conditions. The results showed that, compared with the wild-type strain W3110, the Δpnp strain had significant defects in persistence to antibiotics and stresses, and the persistence phenotype was restored upon complementation with the pnp gene. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that 242 (166 upregulated and 76 downregulated) genes were differentially expressed in the Δpnp strain compared with the W3110 strain. KEGG analysis of the upregulated genes showed that these genes were mostly mapped to metabolism and virulence pathways, of which most are positively regulated by the global regulator cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). Correspondingly, the transcription level of the crp gene in the Δpnp strain increased 3.22-fold in the early stationary phase. We further explored the indicators of cellular metabolism of the Δpnp strain, the phenotype of the pnp and crp double-deletion mutant, and the transcriptional activity of the crp gene. Our results indicate that PNPase controls cellular metabolism by negatively regulating the crp operon via targeting the 5'-untranslated region of the crp transcript. This study reveals a persister mechanism and provides novel targets for the development of drugs against persisters for more effective treatment. IMPORTANCE Persisters pose significant challenges for a more effective treatment of persistent infections. An improved understanding of mechanisms of persistence will provide therapeutic targets important for the development of better treatments. Since recent studies with the key tuberculosis persister drug pyrazinamide have implicated polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a drug target, in this study, we addressed the possibility that PNPase might be involved in persistence in Escherichia coli. Our study demonstrates PNPase indeed being involved in persistence, provides a mechanism by which PNPase controls persister formation, and suggests a new therapeutic target for treating persistent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Nanoparticle-Based Techniques for Bladder Cancer Imaging: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043812. [PMID: 36835222 PMCID: PMC9965346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is very common in humans and is often characterized by recurrences, compromising the patient's quality of life with a substantial social and economic impact. Both the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer are problematic due to the exceptionally impermeable barrier formed by the urothelium lining the bladder; this hinders the penetration of molecules via intravesical instillation while making it difficult to precisely label the tumor tissue for surgical resection or pharmacologic treatment. Nanotechnology has been envisaged as an opportunity to improve both the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for bladder cancer since the nanoconstructs can cross the urothelial barrier and may be functionalized for active targeting, loaded with therapeutic agents, and visualized by different imaging techniques. In this article, we offer a selection of recent experimental applications of nanoparticle-based imaging techniques, with the aim of providing an easy and rapid technical guide for the development of nanoconstructs to specifically detect bladder cancer cells. Most of these applications are based on the well-established fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging currently used in the medical field and gave positive results on bladder cancer models in vivo, thus opening promising perspectives for the translation of preclinical results to the clinical practice.
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Shinu P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Biofilm Production in Citrobacter freundii Isolates Obtained from Urinary Tract Infections. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221147747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the link between phenotypic traits, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-producing capacity of urinary isolates of Citrobacter freundii ( C. freundii). Methods Both pan-antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant C. freundii isolates ( n = 120) obtained from laboratory-confirmed urinary tract infections were analyzed for their link between antimicrobial resistance, phenotypic characteristics, and biofilm production. Results Of the total C. freundii isolates ( n = 120), 30% (37/120) of them formed large colonies. Among the total large colonies produced ( n = 37), they were present in 21.62%, 10.81%, 13.5%, 16.2%, 21.62%, and 16.21% in the control group, CIP-group, FOS-group, COT-group, Gent-group, and ESBL groups, respectively. Compared to the pan-susceptible isolates, the occurrence of large-sized-colony-forming strains was relatively reduced in most of the drug-resistant groups. The overall distribution of mucoid colonies produced ( n = 54) includes 9.25%, 18.51%, 16.66%, 18.51%, 20.3%, and 16.66% in the control group, CIP-group, FOS-group, COT-group, Gent-group, and ESBL groups, respectively. Of the total isolates that produced biofilm ( n = 51), 11.76% of isolates showed biofilm formation in the control group. Alternatively, the rate was found to be 15.68%, 11.76%, 25.49%, 19.6%, and 15.68% in the CIP-group, FOS-group, SXT-group, Gen-group, and ESBL-groups, respectively. Conclusion This study correlates the association between phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm production, the three main characteristics of C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
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In Vivo Role of Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Models of Urinary Tract Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010119. [PMID: 36678467 PMCID: PMC9861413 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are finely regulated mechanisms by which bacteria adapt to environmental conditions by modifying the expression of target genes. In bacterial pathogenesis, TCSs play important roles in modulating adhesion to mucosal surfaces, resistance to antibiotics, and metabolic adaptation. In the context of urinary tract infections (UTI), one of the most common types infections causing significant health problems worldwide, uropathogens use TCSs for adaptation, survival, and establishment of pathogenicity. For example, uropathogens can exploit TCSs to survive inside bladder epithelial cells, sense osmolar variations in urine, promote their ascension along the urinary tract or even produce lytic enzymes resulting in exfoliation of the urothelium. Despite the usefulness of studying the function of TCSs in in vitro experimental models, it is of primary necessity to study bacterial gene regulation also in the context of host niches, each displaying its own biological, chemical, and physical features. In light of this, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of several bacterial TCSs, whose activity has been described in mouse models of UTI.
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38
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Manrique PD, López CA, Gnanakaran S, Rybenkov VV, Zgurskaya HI. New understanding of multidrug efflux and permeation in antibiotic resistance, persistence, and heteroresistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:46-62. [PMID: 36344198 PMCID: PMC9839546 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics effective against Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens are a critical area of unmet need. Infections caused by these pathogens are not only difficult to treat but finding new therapies to overcome Gram-negative resistance is also a challenge. There are not enough antibiotics in development that target the most dangerous pathogens and there are not enough novel drugs in the pipeline. The major obstacle in the antibiotic discovery pipeline is the lack of understanding of how to breach antibiotic permeability barriers of Gram-negative pathogens. These barriers are created by active efflux pumps acting across both the inner and the outer membranes. Overproduction of efflux pumps alone or together with either modification of the outer membrane or antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and target mutations contribute to clinical levels of antibiotics resistance. Recent efforts have generated significant advances in the rationalization of compound efflux and permeation across the cell envelopes of Gram-negative pathogens. Combined with earlier studies and novel mathematical models, these efforts have led to a multilevel understanding of how antibiotics permeate these barriers and how multidrug efflux and permeation contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance and heteroresistance. Here, we discuss the new developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D. Manrique
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
- Present address: Physics Department, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Cesar A. López
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - S. Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
| | - Valentin V. Rybenkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Helen I. Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
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Singh G, Orman MA, Conrad JC, Nikolaou M. Systematic design of pulse dosing to eradicate persister bacteria. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010243. [PMID: 36649322 PMCID: PMC9882918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A small fraction of infectious bacteria use persistence as a strategy to survive exposure to antibiotics. Periodic pulse dosing of antibiotics has long been considered a potentially effective strategy towards eradication of persisters. Recent studies have demonstrated through in vitro experiments that it is indeed feasible to achieve such effectiveness. However, systematic design of periodic pulse dosing regimens to treat persisters is currently lacking. Here we rigorously develop a methodology for the systematic design of optimal periodic pulse dosing strategies for rapid eradication of persisters. A key outcome of the theoretical analysis, on which the proposed methodology is based, is that bactericidal effectiveness of periodic pulse dosing depends mainly on the ratio of durations of the corresponding on and off parts of the pulse. Simple formulas for critical and optimal values of this ratio are derived. The proposed methodology is supported by computer simulations and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mehmet A. Orman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Nikolaou
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Whelan S, O’Grady MC, Corcoran GD, Finn K, Lucey B. Effect of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trimethoprim on In Vitro Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 11:1. [PMID: 36649038 PMCID: PMC9844298 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim on biofilm formation in 57 uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (UPEC). The minimum inhibitory concentration of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim was determined and the biofilm formation for each isolate with and without sub-lethal concentrations of each antibiotic was then quantified. The statistical significance of changes in biofilm formation was ascertained by way of a Dunnett's test. A total of 22.8% of strains were induced to form stronger biofilms by nitrofurantoin, 12% by ciprofloxacin, and 19% by trimethoprim; conversely 36.8% of strains had inhibited biofilm formation with nitrofurantoin, 52.6% with ciprofloxacin, and 38.5% with trimethoprim. A key finding was that even in cases where the isolate was resistant to an antibiotic as defined by EUCAST, many were induced to form a stronger biofilm when grown with sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics, especially trimethoprim, where six of the 22 trimethoprim resistant strains were induced to form stronger biofilms. These findings suggest that the use of empirical treatment with trimethoprim without first establishing susceptibility may in fact potentiate infection in cases where a patient who is suffering from a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by trimethoprim resistant UPEC is administered trimethoprim. This emphasizes the need for laboratory-guided treatment of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Claire O’Grady
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, T12 DC4A2 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Daniel Corcoran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, T12 DC4A2 Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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The Clinical Trial Outcomes of Cranberry, D-Mannose and NSAIDs in the Prevention or Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121471. [PMID: 36558804 PMCID: PMC9788503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTIs is contributing to resistance. Hence, the outcome of human clinical trials of nonantibiotic remedies for preventing or treating UTI is of significant interest. This systematic review aimed to identify, summarise and evaluate the evidence for the outcomes of different nonantibiotic options including cranberry, D-mannose and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched for manuscripts relating to nonantibiotic treatment of UTI including cranberry, mannose and NSAIDs. After title and abstract screening, data were extracted from 21 papers that were published in English and related to the treatment or prevention of uncomplicated UTI in adult women. We identified twelve papers examining the effects of cranberry, two papers examining D-mannose, two papers examining combination treatments (cranberry and D-mannose) and five manuscripts investigating the effects of NSAIDs. There is low-level evidence, from a small number of studies, supporting the use of D-mannose or combination treatments for potentially preventing UTIs in adult women without producing burdening side effects. However, larger and more randomised double-blinded trials are needed to confirm this. In comparison, the multiple studies of cranberry and NSAIDs produced conflicting evidence regarding their effectiveness.
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Guliy OI, Evstigneeva SS, Bunin VD. Microfluidic bioanalytical system for biofilm formation indication. Talanta 2022; 247:123541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Molecular Factors and Mechanisms Driving Multidrug Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081397. [PMID: 36011308 PMCID: PMC9407594 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria indisputably constitutes a major global health problem. Pathogenic Escherichia coli are listed among the most critical group of bacteria that require fast development of new antibiotics and innovative treatment strategies. Among harmful extraintestinal Enterobacteriaceae strains, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) pose a significant health threat. UPEC are considered the major causative factor of urinary tract infection (UTI), the second-most commonly diagnosed infectious disease in humans worldwide. UTI treatment places a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. Most importantly, the misuse of antibiotics during treatment has caused selection of strains with the ability to acquire MDR via miscellaneous mechanisms resulting in gaining resistance against many commonly prescribed antibiotics like ampicillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole and quinolones. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons, integrons and conjugative plasmids are the major drivers in spreading resistance genes in UPEC. The co-occurrence of various bacterial evasion strategies involving MGEs and the SOS stress response system requires further research and can potentially lead to the discovery of new, much-awaited therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed and summarized recent discoveries regarding the role, mechanisms, and perspectives of MDR in the pathogenicity of UPEC.
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Nanodiamonds as Possible Tools for Improved Management of Bladder Cancer and Bacterial Cystitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158183. [PMID: 35897760 PMCID: PMC9329713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials with sizes ranging from a few nm to micrometres. Due to their excellent physical, chemical and optical properties, they have recently attracted much attention in biomedicine. In addition, their exceptional biocompatibility and the possibility of precise surface functionalisation offer promising opportunities for biological applications such as cell labelling and imaging, as well as targeted drug delivery. However, using NDs for selective targeting of desired biomolecules within a complex biological system remains challenging. Urinary bladder cancer and bacterial cystitis are major diseases of the bladder with high incidence and poor treatment options. In this review, we present: (i) the synthesis, properties and functionalisation of NDs; (ii) recent advances in the study of various NDs used for better treatment of bladder cancer and (iii) bacterial cystitis; and (iv) the use of NDs in theranostics of these diseases.
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45
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Fleming BA, Blango MG, Rousek AA, Kincannon WM, Tran A, Lewis A, Russell C, Zhou Q, Baird LM, Barber A, Brannon JR, Beebout C, Bandarian V, Hadjifrangiskou M, Howard M, Mulvey M. A tRNA modifying enzyme as a tunable regulatory nexus for bacterial stress responses and virulence. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7570-7590. [PMID: 35212379 PMCID: PMC9303304 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications can impact the stability and functionality of many different classes of RNA molecules and are an especially important aspect of tRNA regulation. It is hypothesized that cells can orchestrate rapid responses to changing environmental conditions by adjusting the specific types and levels of tRNA modifications. We uncovered strong evidence in support of this tRNA global regulation hypothesis by examining effects of the well-conserved tRNA modifying enzyme MiaA in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), a major cause of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. MiaA mediates the prenylation of adenosine-37 within tRNAs that decode UNN codons, and we found it to be crucial to the fitness and virulence of ExPEC. MiaA levels shifted in response to stress via a post-transcriptional mechanism, resulting in marked changes in the amounts of fully modified MiaA substrates. Both ablation and forced overproduction of MiaA stimulated translational frameshifting and profoundly altered the ExPEC proteome, with variable effects attributable to UNN content, changes in the catalytic activity of MiaA, or availability of metabolic precursors. Cumulatively, these data indicate that balanced input from MiaA is critical for optimizing cellular responses, with MiaA acting much like a rheostat that can be used to realign global protein expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Fleming
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew G Blango
- Junior Research Group RNA Biology of Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexis A Rousek
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Alexander Tran
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam J Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Colin W Russell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lisa M Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amelia E Barber
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John R Brannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Connor J Beebout
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael T Howard
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew A Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains—New Strategies for an Old Pathogen. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071425. [PMID: 35889146 PMCID: PMC9321218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) are the main causative agent of UTIs. UPECs initially colonize the human host adhering to the bladder epithelium. Adhesion is followed by the bacterial invasion of urothelial epithelial cells where they can replicate to form compact aggregates of intracellular bacteria with biofilm-like properties. UPEC strains may persist within epithelial urothelial cells, thus acting as quiescent intracellular bacterial reservoirs (QIRs). It has been proposed that host cell invasion may facilitate both the establishment and persistence of UPECs within the human urinary tract. UPEC strains express a variety of virulence factors including fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins, invasins, iron-acquisition systems, and toxins, which cooperate to the establishment of long lasting infections. An increasing resistance rate relative to the antibiotics recommended by current guidelines for the treatment of UTIs and an increasing number of multidrug resistant UPEC isolates were observed. In order to ameliorate the cure rate and improve the outcomes of patients, appropriate therapy founded on new strategies, as alternative to antibiotics, needs to be explored. Here, we take a snapshot of the current knowledge of coordinated efforts to develop innovative anti-infective strategies to control the diffusion of UPECs.
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Kaur H, Kalia M, Chaudhary N, Singh V, Yadav VK, Modgil V, Kant V, Mohan B, Bhatia A, Taneja N. Repurposing of FDA approved drugs against uropathogenic Escherichia coli: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105665. [PMID: 35781005 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious health concern worldwide. Treatment of UTIs is becoming a challenge as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which is the most common etiological agent, has developed resistance to the main classes of antibiotics. Small molecules that interfere with metabolic processes rather than growth are attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Repurposing of already known drugs for treating infectious diseases could be an attractive avenue for finding novel therapeutics against infections caused by UPEC. Virtual screenings enable the rapid and economical identification of target ligands from large libraries of compounds, reducing the cost and time of traditional drug discovery. Moreover, the drugs that have been approved by the FDA have low cytotoxicity and good pharmacological characteristics. In this work, we targeted the HisC enzyme of the histidine biosynthetic pathway as enzymes of this pathway are absent in humans. We screened the library of FDA-approved drugs against HisC via molecular docking, and four hits (Docetaxel, Suramin, Digitoxin, and Nystatin) showing the highest binding energy were selected. These were further tested for antibacterial activity, which was observed only for Docetaxel (MIC value of 640 μg/ml); therefore, Docetaxel was further tested for its efficacy in vivo in murine catheter UTI model and antibiofilm activity using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Docetaxel inhibited biofilm formation and reduced the bacterial load in urine, kidney, and bladder. Docking studies revealed that Docetaxel acts by blocking the binding site of HisC to the native substrate by competitive inhibition. Docetaxel may be a potential new inhibitor for UPEC with antibacterial and antibiofilm capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manmohit Kalia
- Department of Biology, State University of Newyork, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinay Modgil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Kant
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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48
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Effect of bovine lactoferrin on recurrent urinary tract infections: in vitro and in vivo evidences. Biometals 2022; 36:491-507. [PMID: 35768747 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC strains are able to invade, multiply and persisting in host cells. Therefore, UPEC strains are associated to recurrent UTIs requiring long-term antibiotic therapy. However, this therapy is suboptimal due to the increase of multidrug-resistant UPEC. The use of non-antibiotic treatments for managing UTIs is required. Among these, bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a multifunctional cationic glycoprotein, could be a promising tool because inhibits the entry into the host cells of several intracellular bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that 100 μg/ml bLf hinders the invasion of 2.0 ± 0.5 × 104 CFU/ml E. coli CFT073, prototype of UPEC, infecting 2.0 ± 0.5 × 105 cells/ml urinary bladder T24 epithelial cells. The highest protection (100%) is due to the bLf binding with host surface components even if an additional binding to bacterial surface components cannot be excluded. Of note, in the absence of bLf, UPEC survives and multiplies, while bLf significantly decreases bacterial intracellular survival. After these encouraging results, an observational survey on thirty-three patients affected by recurrent cystitis was performed. The treatment consisted in the oral administration of bLf alone or in combination with antibiotics and/or probiotics. After the observation period, a marked reduction of cystitis episodes was observed (p < 0.001) in all patients compared to the episodes occurred during the 6 months preceding the bLf-treatment. Twenty-nine patients did not report cystitis episodes (87.9%) whereas the remaining four (12.1%) experienced only one episode, indicating that bLf could be a worthwhile and safe treatment in counteracting recurrent cystitis.
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49
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Popella L, Jung J, Do PT, Hayward RJ, Barquist L, Vogel J. Comprehensive analysis of PNA-based antisense antibiotics targeting various essential genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6435-6452. [PMID: 35687096 PMCID: PMC9226493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that target mRNAs of essential bacterial genes exhibit specific bactericidal effects in several microbial species, but our mechanistic understanding of PNA activity and their target gene spectrum is limited. Here, we present a systematic analysis of PNAs targeting 11 essential genes with varying expression levels in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We demonstrate that UPEC is susceptible to killing by peptide-conjugated PNAs, especially when targeting the widely-used essential gene acpP. Our evaluation yields three additional promising target mRNAs for effective growth inhibition, i.e.dnaB, ftsZ and rpsH. The analysis also shows that transcript abundance does not predict target vulnerability and that PNA-mediated growth inhibition is not universally associated with target mRNA depletion. Global transcriptomic analyses further reveal PNA sequence-dependent but also -independent responses, including the induction of envelope stress response pathways. Importantly, we show that 9mer PNAs are generally as effective in inhibiting bacterial growth as their 10mer counterparts. Overall, our systematic comparison of a range of PNAs targeting mRNAs of different essential genes in UPEC suggests important features for PNA design, reveals a general bacterial response to PNA conjugates and establishes the feasibility of using PNA antibacterials to combat UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Popella
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Jung
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Phuong Thao Do
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regan J Hayward
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Asare KK, Amoah S, Coomson CA, Banson C, Yaro D, Mbata J, Arthur RA, Mayeem PB, Afrifa J, Bentsi-Enchill F, Opoku YK. Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial isolates from patients attending the outpatient department of university of Cape Coast hospital, Ghana: A retrospective study between 2013-2015. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000417. [PMID: 36962199 PMCID: PMC10021532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important urinary tract infection (UTI) that has been associated with both complicated and uncomplicated disease conditions. The global emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is of public health concern as the resistance limits the current treatment options. The objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic-resistant patterns among the uropathogenic E. coli isolates at the University of Cape Coast (UCC) hospital between 2013 and 2015 as baseline data to understand the current antibiotic resistance situation within UCC and its environs. A retrospective cross-sectional study of bacteria isolates at UCC hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed. A standard biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer NCCLs modified disc diffusion technique. The network of interaction between pathogenic isolates and antibiotic resistance was performed using Cytoscape software. Statistical significance was tested using ANOVA and one-sample Wilcoxon test. The overall E. coli prevalence was 15.76% (32/203); females had the highest infection of 17.33% (26/150) compared to male subjects who had 11.32% (6/53) out of all the pathogenic infections. The E. coli prevalence among the age categories were 2/21 (9.52%), 27/154 (17.53%) and 4/21 (19.05%) among ≤20 years, 21-40 years and 41-60 years respectively. The isolated resistant pathogens exhibited different antibiotic resistance patterns. An interaction network of nodes connecting to other nodes indicating positive correlations between the pathogens and antibiotic resistance was established. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp, Klebsiella spp among other isolated pathogens formed higher centrality in the network of interaction with antibiotic resistance. The individual E. coli isolates showed a significant difference in the mean ± SD (95% CI) pattern of antibiotic resistance, 2.409±1.205 (1.828-2.990), χ2 = 36.68, p<0.0001. In conclusion, the study reports the interaction of E. coli isolates at UCC hospital and its antibiotic-resistant status between 2013 and 2015. This data forms the baseline information for assessing the current antibiotic status in UCC and its environs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Kumi Asare
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Laboratory Unit, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cornelius Agyeman Coomson
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cecil Banson
- Laboratory Unit, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Derrick Yaro
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Mbata
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | | | | | - Justice Afrifa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Felicity Bentsi-Enchill
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Dept. of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
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