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García-Martín AB, Rodríguez J, Molina-Guijarro JM, Fajardo C, Domínguez G, Hernández M, Guillén F. Induction of Extracellular Hydroxyl Radicals Production in the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus eryngii for Dyes Degradation: An Advanced Bio-oxidation Process. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38248961 PMCID: PMC10821177 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Among pollution remediation technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are genuinely efficient since they are based on the production of strong, non-selective oxidants, mainly hydroxyl radicals (·OH), by a set of physicochemical methods. The biological counterparts of AOPs, which may be referred to as advanced bio-oxidation processes (ABOPs), have begun to be investigated since the mechanisms of induction of ·OH production in fungi are known. To contribute to the development of ABOPs, advanced oxidation of a wide number of dyes by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii, via a quinone redox cycling (QRC) process based on Fenton's reagent formation, has been described for the first time. The fungus was incubated with 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ) and Fe3+-oxalate, with and without Mn2+, leading to different ·OH production rates, around twice higher with Mn2+. Thanks to this process, the degradative capacity of the fungus increased, not only oxidising dyes it was not otherwise able to, but also increasing the decolorization rate of 20 dyes by more than 7 times in Mn2+ incubations. In terms of process efficacy, it is noteworthy that with Mn2+ the degradation of the dyes reached values of 90-100% in 2-4 h, which are like those described in some AOPs based on the Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Guillén
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (A.B.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.M.M.-G.); (C.F.); (G.D.); (M.H.)
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Chen S, Zhu M, Guo X, Yang B, Zhuo R. Coupling of Fenton reaction and white rot fungi for the degradation of organic pollutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114697. [PMID: 36889210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a class of highly efficient pollution remediation technologies that produce oxidising radicals under specific conditions to degrade organic pollutants. The Fenton reaction is a commonly applied AOP. To combine the advantages of AOPs and biodegradation in the remediation of organic pollutants, some studies have developed coupled systems between Fenton AOPs and white rot fungi (WRF) for environmental organic pollutant remediation and have achieved some success. Moreover, a promising system, termed as advanced bio-oxidation processes (ABOPs), mediated by the quinone redox cycling of WRF, has attracted increasing attention in the field. In this ABOP system, the radicals and H2O2 produced through the quinone redox cycling of WRF can strengthen Fenton reaction. Meanwhile, in this process, the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ ensures the maintenance of Fenton reaction, leading to a promising application potential for the remediation of environmental organic pollutants. ABOPs combine the advantages of bioremediation and advanced oxidation remediation. Further understanding the coupling of Fenton reaction and WRF in the degradation of organic pollutants will be of great significance for the remediation of organic pollutants. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed recent remediation techniques for organic pollutants involving the coupled application of WRF and the Fenton reaction, focusing on the application of new ABOPs mediated by WRF, and discussed the reaction mechanism and conditions of ABOPs. Finally, we discussed the application prospects and future research directions of the joint application of WRF and advanced oxidation technologies for the remediation of environmental organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mingdong Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Xiayu Guo
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Bentao Yang
- Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhuo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Role of quinone reductases in extracellular redox cycling in lichenized ascomycetes. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:879-885. [PMID: 34649674 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work showed that many lichenized Ascomycetes can generate hydroxyl radicals using quinone-based extracellular redox cycling. During cycling, hydroquinones must be formed and subsequently regenerated from quinones using a quinone reductase (QR). However, we also showed that no simple correlation exists between QR activity and rates of hydroxyl radical formation. To further investigate the role of QR in hydroxyl radical formation, three model lichen species, Leptogium furfuraceum, Lasallia pustulata and Peltigera membranacea were selected for further investigation. All possessed QR activity and could metabolize quinones, and both Leptogium furfuraceum and Lasallia pustulata actively produced hydroxyl radicals. By contrast, P. membranacea produced almost no hydroxyl radicals, and although the lichen readily metabolized quinones, no hydroquinone production was detected. Peltigera had laccase (LAC) activity that was c. 50 times higher than in the other two species, suggesting that LAC rapidly oxidizes the hydroquinones, preventing radical formation deriving from auto-oxidation. It appears that in some lichens hydroxyl radical formation is blocked by the presence of high redox enzyme activity. QR from P. didactyla was studied further and found to display similar properties to the enzyme from free-living fungi, although it possessed an unusually high molecular mass (c. 62 kDa).
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Agustinho BC, Daniel JLP, Zeoula LM, Alcalde CR, Machado E, Bragatto JM, Schneider CR, Santos NW, Matumoto-Pintro PT, Saraiva BR, Osorio JAC, Faciola AP. Enzymatic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate on whole-plant corn silage and performance of lactating goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11660-11672. [PMID: 34419269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) synthesizes enzymes that degrade lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate (POSS) on whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, lignin monomers, and in vitro digestibility, as well as the performance of lactating goats fed corn silage treated with different levels of POSS. In experiment 1, 4 levels of lignocellulolytic enzymes were tested in a complete randomized design: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg of lignocellulosic enzymes per kilogram of fresh matter, 4 replicates per treatment (vacuum-sealed bags). The bags were opened 60 d after ensiling. In experiment 2, corn silage treated with 3 enzyme levels (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg of fresh matter) was fed to lactating goats as part of the total mixed ration. Nine lactating Saanen goats (62.68 ± 7.62 kg BW; 44 ± 8 d in milk; 2.91 ± 0.81 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were assigned to three 3 × 3 Latin squares. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc.), and means were compared by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrast. In experiment 1, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, and cellulose quadratically decreased in the WPCS treated with POSS. At the nadir point, POSS decreased NDF by 14.1%, ADF by 19.5%, lignin by 9.07%, and cellulose by 22.1% compared with the untreated silage. Therefore, POSS led to a quadratic increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility of WPCS (+8.88% at the vertex) compared with the untreated silage. In experiment 2, POSS quadratically increased the in vivo total-tract ADF digestibility. Also, the concentration of polyphenols in the milk of goats linearly increased with the addition of POSS, and no differences were observed among treatments for milk yield and composition. In summary, adding 10 mg of lignocellulolytic enzymes from POSS per kilogram of fresh matter of whole-plant corn at ensiling had a more evident reduction in lignin and cellulose concentration, leading to greater in vitro digestibility, as well as greater in vivo ADF digestibility; however, milk yield was not different among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
| | - J L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L M Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Alcalde
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - E Machado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J M Bragatto
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - N W Santos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P T Matumoto-Pintro
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - B R Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J A C Osorio
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
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Zhou TJ, Xu Y, Xing L, Wang Y, Jiang HL. A Harmless-Harmful Switchable and Uninterrupted Laccase-Instructed Killer for Activatable Chemodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100114. [PMID: 34062021 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs Fenton catalysts to kill cancer cells by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) into hydroxyl radicals (OH•). Although many studies on H2 O2 supplementation have been conducted to improve the therapeutic effect of CDT, few studies have focused on the application of superoxide radical (O2 -• ) in CDT, which may result in better efficacy. A major concern about O2 -• -mediated CDT is its tendency to induce serious oxidative damage to normal tissues, which may be addressed by using a degradable O2 -• scavenger. Here, a harmless-harmful switchable and uninterrupted laccase (LAC)-instructed killer (HULK) is constructed, which is the first CDT agent accelerated by LAC-instructed O2 -• generation and possesses a harmless-harmful switchable effect because of the photodegradation of the O2 -• scavenger iron-chlorin e6 (FeCe6). LAC-instructed substrate oxidation effectively catalyzes O2 -• production with the help of intracellular reduction, thereby promoting the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+ , accelerating the generation of OH•, and inducing tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis. The introduced O2 -• scavenger FeCe6 is quickly photodegraded during irradiation, while LAC-instructed O2 -• generation proceeds as before, resulting in activatable CDT. This work not only provides the first strategy for LAC-instructed O2 -• generation but also presents new insight into activatable CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Li F, Zhang J, Ma F, Chen Q, Xiao Q, Zhang X, Xie S, Yu H. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases promote oxidative cleavage of lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes during fungal degradation of lignocellulose. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4547-4560. [PMID: 34169632 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance, especially the cleavage of cross-linkages in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and lignin, is essential for both the carbon cycle and industrial biorefinery. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-containing enzymes that play a key role in fungal polysaccharide oxidative degradation. Nevertheless, comprehensive analysis showed that LPMOs from a white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, correlated well with the Fenton reaction and were involved in the degradation of recalcitrant nonpolysaccharide fractions in this research. Thus, LPMOs participated in the extracellular Fenton reaction by enhancing iron reduction in quinone redox cycling. A Fenton reaction system consisting of LPMOs, hydroquinone, and ferric iron can efficiently produce hydroxy radicals and then cleave LCCs or lignin linkages. This finding indicates that LPMOs are underestimated auxiliary enzymes in eliminating biomass recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiuyun Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shangxian Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li F, Zhao H, Shao R, Zhang X, Yu H. Enhanced Fenton Reaction for Xenobiotic Compounds and Lignin Degradation Fueled by Quinone Redox Cycling by Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7104-7114. [PMID: 34130454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Fenton reaction is considered to be of great significance in the initial attack of lignocellulose in wood-decaying fungi. Quinone redox cycling is the main way to induce the Fenton reaction in fungi. We show that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), through LPMO-catalyzed oxidation of hydroquinone, can efficiently cooperate with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) to achieve quinone redox cycling. The LPMO/GDH system can enhance Fe3+-reducing activity, H2O2 production, and hydroxyl radical generation, resulting in a fueled Fenton reaction. The system-generated hydroxyl radicals exhibited a strong capacity to decolorize different synthetic dyes and degrade lignin. Our results reveal a potentially critical connection between LPMOs and the Fenton reaction, suggesting that LPMOs could be involved in xenobiotic compound and lignin degradation in fungi. This new role of LPMOs may be exploited for application in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Honglu Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruijian Shao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wang M, Li M, Wang Y, Shao Y, Zhu Y, Yang S. Efficient antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite through ROS generation motivated by trace Mn(iii) coupled H vacancies. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3401-3411. [PMID: 33881445 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has attracted wide attention for medical application due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the infection problems of HA remain among the leading reasons for implantation failure. Thus, it is urgent to endow HA biomaterials with antibacterial activity. Herein, the high antibacterial activity was achieved by introducing trace Mn3+ and H vacancy couples in HA through a facile heat-treatment strategy in air. The theoretical results indicated that Mn3+ was preferentially substituted for the Ca(2) site in the HA structure with a charge-compensating H vacancy appearing at the adjacent OH- site. The antibacterial tests showed that Mn-HA possessed antibacterial activity towards both E. coli and S. aureus with trace Mn content at the ppm level, and implied that Mn3+ and centers may play an important role in the antibacterial process. The Mn3+ and couples in Mn-HA, serving as oxidative and reductive centers respectively, could then collectively participate in the CoQ/CoQH2 redox cycling and synergistically facilitate the accumulation of CoQ˙- and ROS radicals. This enhanced ROS production was the main factor to endow Mn-HA with efficient antibacterial activity. Moreover, the in vitro bioactivity assay showed that Mn-HA materials exhibited enhanced osteogenic activity and good biocompatibility. Therefore, this work not only provides a feasible method to control the oxidation state of Mn elements in HA, but also proposes a novel trace Mn3+-doped HA for potential applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Yap CC, Chan YJ, Loh SK, Supramaniam CV, Soh AC, Chong MF, Lim LK. Pilot-Scale Investigation of the Integrated Anaerobic–Aerobic Bioreactor (IAAB) Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): Startup and Performance Evaluation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheau Chin Yap
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yi Jing Chan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soh Kheang Loh
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christina Vimala Supramaniam
- School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Aik Chin Soh
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mei Fong Chong
- DIA-Chemical Sdn Bhd, 40, Jalan Apollo U5/193, Bandar Pinggiran Subang, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lian Keong Lim
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Havys Oil Mill Sdn Bhd, C/O Paramount Estate, KM31, Jalan Bahau-Keratong, 26700 Mukim Bera, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
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Schlosser D. Cultivation of filamentous fungi for attack on synthetic polymers via biological Fenton chemistry. Methods Enzymol 2020; 648:71-94. [PMID: 33579418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with synthetic polymers (commonly named plastics) nowadays poses serious threats to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, most conventional plastics are highly recalcitrant even under conditions known to be favorable for microbial degradation. Expanding the knowledge regarding opportunities and limitations of the microbial degradability of plastics would largely contribute to the development of adequate decontamination and management strategies for plastic pollution. This chapter provides cultivation approaches to be applied for the characterization of eco-physiologically diverse asco- and basidiomycete fungi with respect to their ability to attack solid and water-soluble synthetic polymers with the help of quinone redox cycling-based Fenton-type reactions, which result in the production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. These reactive oxygen species are the strongest oxidants known from biological systems. However, their potential employment by fungi dwelling in diverse habitats as a biodegradation tool to attack synthetic polymers is still insufficiently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Li H. Biodegradation of crystal violet mediated by CotA from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:347-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Cruz Del Álamo A, Pariente MI, Martínez F, Molina R. Trametes versicolor immobilized on rotating biological contactors as alternative biological treatment for the removal of emerging concern micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115313. [PMID: 31770646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
White rot fungi have been studied for the removal of micropollutants of emerging concern from wastewater during the last decade. However, several issues need to be overcome for its plausible implementation at full-scale installations such as the addition of supplementary substrates, the partial re-inoculation of fresh fungi or the use of extended hydraulic retention times. This work proposes the immobilization of Trametes versicolor on rotating biological contactors at bench scale (flowrates of 10 L/d and reactor capacity of 10 L) for the treatment of different urban wastewater. This type of bioreactor achieved remarkable reductions of the total organic carbon loading of the wastewater (70-75%) in a wide range of C:N and C:P ratios with limited addition of supplementary substrates, non-refreshment of the fungal biomass and only 1-day of hydraulic retention. The addition of gallic acid as quinone-like mediator and quelated iron and manganese complexes increased the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants mediated by the so-called advanced bio-oxidation process. The immobilization of Trametes versicolor on rotating biological contactors also showed a remarkable stabilization of the fungi during the continuous treatment of different urban wastewater under non-sterile conditions. Thus, this system is a sound alternative for biological urban wastewater treatment with pharmaceutical removal because overcome all the problems usually associated with the water treatment technologies based on white rot fungi that makes difficult the scaling-up of the process and its implementation in full scale wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cruz Del Álamo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Pariente
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Xu K, Dong H, Li M, Qiang Z. Quinone group enhances the degradation of levofloxacin by aqueous permanganate: Kinetics and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:109-116. [PMID: 29940356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quinone group is an important fraction of humic acid. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) of levofloxacin (LF) degradation by permanganate (MnO4-) significantly increased from 0.010 (without benzoquinone, BQ) to 0.042-0.443 min-1 at [BQ]o:[MnO4-]o (molar ratio) = 0.03-0.25 at pH 7.5, and an acidic pH facilitated LF degradation. In the presence of BQ, MnO4- was first reduced to Mn(II). Then, Mn(II) reacted with BQ to produce Mn(III) and semiquinone radical, which was promoted under acidic conditions. With dissolved oxygen available, Mn(III) further oxidized semiquinone radical to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2-) as well as regenerate BQ. In addition, MnO4- could also react with Mn(II) to produce Mn(III), whose complexation with semiquinone radical in turn promoted this reaction. Due to the predominant scavenging of O2- by BQ, 1O2 and Mn(III) mainly contributed to the accelerated LF degradation, with a notable formation of hydroxyl, ketone and endoperoxide groups in the degradation byproducts. This study helps better understand the role of natural organic matter in the degradation of organic micropollutants by MnO4- in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Olicón-Hernández DR, González-López J, Aranda E. Overview on the Biochemical Potential of Filamentous Fungi to Degrade Pharmaceutical Compounds. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1792. [PMID: 28979245 PMCID: PMC5611422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals represent an immense business with increased demand due to intensive livestock raising and an aging human population, which guarantee the quality of human life and well-being. However, the development of removal technologies for these compounds is not keeping pace with the swift increase in their use. Pharmaceuticals constitute a potential risk group of multiclass chemicals of increasing concern since they are extremely frequent in all environments and have started to exhibit negative effects on micro- and macro-fauna as well as on human health. In this context, fungi are known to be extremely diverse and poorly studied microorganisms despite being well suited for bioremediation processes, taking into account their metabolic and physiological characteristics for the transformation of even highly toxic xenobiotic compounds. Increasing studies indicate that fungi can transform many structures of pharmaceutical compounds, including anti-inflammatories, β-blockers, and antibiotics. This is possible due to different mechanisms in combination with the extracellular and intracellular enzymes, which have broad of biotechnological applications. Thus, fungi and their enzymes could represent a promising tool to deal with this environmental problem. Here, we review the studies performed on pharmaceutical compounds biodegradation by the great diversity of these eukaryotes. We examine the state of the art of the current application of the Basidiomycota division, best known in this field, as well as the assembly of novel biodegradation pathways within the Ascomycota division and the Mucoromycotina subdivision from the standpoint of shared enzymatic systems, particularly for the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which appear to be the key enzymes in these catabolic processes. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in the field of genetic engineering for their further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío R Olicón-Hernández
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Jesús González-López
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
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15
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Kalinichenko EA, Kalinichenko AV, Odaryuk ID, Kanibolotskaya LV, Shendrik AN. Emitters of chemiluminescence occurring during autoxidation of substituted hydroquinones in water. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217070052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Hade MD, Kaur J, Chakraborti PK, Dikshit KL. Multidomain truncated hemoglobins: New members of the globin family exhibiting tandem repeats of globin units and domain fusion. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:479-488. [PMID: 28394017 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) are considered the most primitive members of globin superfamily and traditionally exist as a single domain heme protein in three distinct structural organizations, type I (trHb1_N), type II (trHb2_O) and type III (trHb3_P). Our search of microbial and lower eukaryotic genomes revealed a broad array of multidomain organization, representing multiunit and chimeric forms of trHbs, where multiple units of trHbs are joined together and/or integrated with distinct functional domains. Globin motifs of these multidomain trHbs were from all three groups of trHbs and unambiguously assigned to trHb1_N, trHb2_O and trHb3_P. Multiunit and chimeric forms of trHb1_N were identified exclusively in ciliated protozoan parasites, where multiple units of trHb are integrated in tandem and/or fused with another redox active or signalling domain, presenting an interesting example of gene duplication and fusion in lower eukaryotes. In contrast, trHb2_O and trHb3_P trHbs were found only in bacteria in two or multidomain organization, where amino or carboxy terminus of trHb unit is integrated with different redox-active or oxidoreductase domains. The identification of these new multiunit and chimeric trHbs and their specific phyletic distribution presents an interesting and challenging finding to explore and understand complex functionalities of these novel multidomain trHbs. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):479-488, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh Dattu Hade
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Kanak L Dikshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Bohacz J. Lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, free-radical transformations during composting of lignocellulosic waste and biothermal phases in small-scale reactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:744-754. [PMID: 27986311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly strategies of waste management are both part of legal solutions currently in place and a focus of interest worldwide. Large-scale composting plants are set up across various regions while home composting is becoming increasingly popular. A variety of microbial groups are successively at work during composting and enzymatic activities detected in the composting mass fluctuate accordingly. Changes in the activities of oxidoreductases and hydrolases, i.e. glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, superoxide dismutase and keratinase, low-molecular weight compounds, i.e. methoxyphenolic and hydroxyphenolic compounds, and the relative level of superoxide radicals and glucose were determined periodically in water extracts of composts to investigate the process of biochemical transformations of ligninocellulose in relation to biothermal phases and to identify a potential priming effect in two composts containing different ratios of lignocellulosic waste and chicken feathers. Composting was conducted for 30weeks. An important aim of the study was to demonstrate that a positive priming effect was induced during composting of a variety of lignocellulosic waste types using native keratin (chicken feathers) as a source of N. The effect was more evident in compost containing grass, which was related to a more rapid depletion of easily available sources of C and energy (glucose) during composting. Ligninolytic enzymes known to biodegrade recalcitrant organic matter were induced in subsequent biothermal phases of composting. Compost I enriched with grass (pine bark, grass, sawdust and chicken feathers) exhibited a higher enzymatic activity than compost II which did not contain any grass but which had a greater number of hardly-degradable components (pine bark, wheat straw, sawdust, chicken feathers). Similar observations were made for the concentrations of low-molecular weight compounds. The enzymes activities and concentration of low-molecular weight compounds listed above can be used to estimate the biodegradation of lignocellulose during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bohacz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069 Lublin, Poland.
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18
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Zucca P, Cocco G, Sollai F, Sanjust E. Fungal laccases as tools for biodegradation of industrial dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/boca-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLaccases are blue copper oxidases, found in some plants and secreted by a wide range of ligninolytic fungi. These enzymes are well known for their ability in oxidizing several organic compounds, mainly phenolics and aromatic amines, at the expenses of molecular oxygen. Therefore, they could find application in the field of enzymatic bioremediation of many industrial wastewaters, and in particular to bleach and/or detoxify dye-containing effluents. Not all industrial dyes behave as laccase substrates, but this limitation is often overcome by the judicious use of redox mediators. These could substantially widen the application range of laccases as bioremediation tools. The present study encompasses the main properties of the most used industrial dyes as related to their chemical classification, fungal laccases and their molecular and catalytic features, the use of redox mediators, limitations and perspectives of the use of fungal laccases for industrial dye bleaching.
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Jaszek M, Kos K, Matuszewska A, Grąz M, Stefaniuk D, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Prendecka M, Jóźwik E, Grzywnowicz K. Effective stimulation of the biotechnological potential of the medicinal white rot fungus: Phellinus pini by menadione-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:644-56. [PMID: 25086919 PMCID: PMC4149882 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of menadione (MQ; 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone), a superoxide-generating agent, on the natural biodegradation system in the medicinal white rot fungus Phellinus pini was determined. While measuring the activities of extracellular manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and intracellular chitinase, it was found that the application of MQ (0.75 mM) distinctly stimulated the activities of these enzymes in comparison to the control values (without MQ). Using the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, an increase in the extracellular oxalic acid (OXA) concentration was detected during the first days after the addition of MQ. It was observed that the rate of intracellular proteolysis at pH 3.5 evidently decreased under oxidative stress conditions. Contrary to these results, the activities of serine proteases at pH 9.5 measured against fluorogenic peptide substrates distinctly increased in stressed cultures. The MQ treatment also caused an evident increase in the catalase (CAT) activity, as well as the levels of superoxide anion radicals (SORs), formaldehyde (FA), and phenolic compounds (PHC) in the experimental cultures. The results obtained confirm that prooxidants may find application as an effective way to stimulate biotechnological production of MnP and chitinase by white rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kos
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Matuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Stefaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Prendecka
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University, 11 Radziwiłłowska Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Jóźwik
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Laccase applications in biofuels production: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6525-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Gai YP, Zhang WT, Mu ZM, Ji XL. Involvement of ligninolytic enzymes in degradation of wheat straw by Trametes trogii. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:85-95. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-P. Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shan-dong China
| | - W.-T. Zhang
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - Z.-M. Mu
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - X.-L. Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shan-dong China
- College of Forestry; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
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22
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Kalia S, Thakur K, Kumar A, Celli A. Laccase-assisted surface functionalization of lignocellulosics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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24
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Liu S, Dong Y, Li Y, Bao L, Liu H, Li H. Chemical constituents from the rice fermented with the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii and their quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducing effect. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Benzina O, Daâssi D, Zouari-Mechichi H, Frikha F, Woodward S, Belbahri L, Rodriguez-Couto S, Mechichi T. Decolorization and detoxification of two textile industry effluents by the laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5177-5187. [PMID: 23361176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the decolorization and the detoxification of two effluents from a textile industry-effluent A (the reactive dye bath Bezactive) and effluent B (the direct dye bath Tubantin)-using a laccase mediator system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize textile effluents decolorization. A Box-Behnken design using RSM with the four variables pH, effluent concentration, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) concentration, and enzyme (laccase) concentration was used to determine correlations between the effects of these variables on the decolorization of the two effluents. The optimum conditions for pH and concentrations of HBT, effluent and laccase were 5, 1 mM, 50 % and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of effluent A (68 %). For effluent B, optima were 4, 1 mM, 75 %, and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of approximately 88 %. Both effluents were treated at 30 °C for 20 h. A quadratic model was obtained for each decolorization through this design. The experimental and predicted values were in good agreement and both models were highly significant. In addition, the toxicity of the two effluents was determined before and after laccase treatment using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus, and germination of tomato seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Benzina
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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26
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Bao L, Li Y, Wang Q, Han J, Yang X, Li H, Wang S, Wen H, Li S, Liu H. Nutritive and bioactive components in rice fermented with the edible mushroomPleurotus eryngii. Mycology 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2013.816386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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27
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Beckett RP, Zavarzina AG, Liers C. Oxidoreductases and cellulases in lichens: Possible roles in lichen biology and soil organic matter turnover. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Korripally P, Timokhin VI, Houtman CJ, Mozuch MD, Hammel KE. Evidence from Serpula lacrymans that 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone Is a lignocellulolytic agent of divergent brown rot basidiomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2377-83. [PMID: 23377930 PMCID: PMC3623220 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03880-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycetes that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers in coniferous forest ecosystems and a major cause of failure in wooden structures. Recent work indicates that distinct lineages of brown rot fungi have arisen independently from ligninolytic white rot ancestors via loss of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Brown rot thus proceeds without significant lignin removal, apparently beginning instead with oxidative attack on wood polymers by Fenton reagent produced when fungal hydroquinones or catechols reduce Fe(3+) in colonized wood. Since there is little evidence that white rot fungi produce these metabolites, one question is the extent to which independent lineages of brown rot fungi may have evolved different Fe(3+) reductants. Recently, the catechol variegatic acid was proposed to drive Fenton chemistry in Serpula lacrymans, a brown rot member of the Boletales (D. C. Eastwood et al., Science 333:762-765, 2011). We found no variegatic acid in wood undergoing decay by S. lacrymans. We found also that variegatic acid failed to reduce in vitro the Fe(3+) oxalate chelates that predominate in brown-rotting wood and that it did not drive Fenton chemistry in vitro under physiological conditions. Instead, the decaying wood contained physiologically significant levels of 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone, a reductant with a demonstrated biodegradative role when wood is attacked by certain brown rot fungi in two other divergent lineages, the Gloeophyllales and Polyporales. Our results suggest that the pathway for 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone biosynthesis may have been present in ancestral white rot basidiomycetes but do not rule out the possibility that it appeared multiple times via convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaliy I. Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth E. Hammel
- U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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29
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Optimisation of the biological pretreatment of wheat straw with white-rot fungi for ethanol production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1251-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Manavalan A, Adav SS, Sze SK. iTRAQ-based quantitative secretome analysis of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Proteomics 2011; 75:642-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Salvachúa D, Prieto A, López-Abelairas M, Lu-Chau T, Martínez AT, Martínez MJ. Fungal pretreatment: An alternative in second-generation ethanol from wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7500-6. [PMID: 21646018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a fungal pretreatment combined with a mild alkali treatment to replace or complement current physico-chemical methods for ethanol production from wheat straw has been investigated. Changes in substrate composition, secretion of ligninolytic enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and ethanol yield after 7, 14 and 21 days of solid-state fermentation were evaluated. Most fungi degraded lignin with variable selectivity degrees, although only eight of them improved sugar recovery compared to untreated samples. Glucose yield after 21 days of pretreatment with Poria subvermispora and Irpex lacteus reached 69% and 66% of cellulose available in the wheat straw, respectively, with an ethanol yield of 62% in both cases. Conversions from glucose to ethanol reached around 90%, showing that no inhibitors were generated during this pretreatment. No close correlations were found between ligninolytic enzymes production and sugar yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Salvachúa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dulman V, Ignat ME, Bunia I. Decolorization of ammonium lignosulfonate with H(2)O(2)/Cu(II) heterogeneous catalyst. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:1366-1375. [PMID: 21942389 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.606701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) decolorization and degradation in aqueous solution was studied in a heterogeneous system using hydrogen peroxide and a Cu (II)-chelating ion exchanger. This was based on acrylic copolymers functionalized with N,N dimethylamino propylamine (DMAPA) as a catalyst. In order to optimize the efficiency of the system, the influence of such process parameters like H(2)O(2) concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, ALS concentration and catalyst amount were evaluated. The apparent rate constant of decolorization calculated from the absorbance data indicates that the process profiles follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Lignosulfonate degradation was furthermore studied by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and determination in phenolic compounds. The catalyst stability and reusability have also been investigated. Our experimental results clearly indicate that, under optimum conditions, the ammonium lignosulfonate solutions exhibit a total bleaching associated with degradation and significant mineralization to CO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Dulman
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Department of Chemistry, Iaşi, România
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Differential regulation of laccase gene expression in Coriolopsis rigida LPSC No. 232. Fungal Biol 2010; 114:999-1006. [PMID: 21036344 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two laccase isoenzyme genes (lcc2 and lcc3) from the white-rot fungus Coriolopsis rigida were cloned, and together with the previously described lcc1, their transcript levels were analysed by Quantitative RT-PCR in order to study their expression patterns under a range of putative inducers (Cu(2+), Mn(2+), Fe(3+), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, H(2)O(2,) caffeine, amphotericin B and syringic acid). The highest induction was observed for lcc1 in presence of copper, and thus, a kinetic study was performed to analyze its effect on temporary lcc1 gene expression. Our results showed that upregulation due to copper was linked to growth stage, being highest during the trophophase and decreasing during the idiophase. Amphotericin B increased levels of transcripts of lcc1 and lcc2, syringic acid upregulated lcc1 and lcc3 and 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone induced lcc2 and lcc3. Possible reasons for why laccase genes from C. rigida are differentially regulated at the transcriptional level are discussed.
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Kurokawa J, Asano M, Nomoto S, Makino Y, Itoh N. Gene cloning and characterization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from Microbacterium luteolum: A useful enzymatic regeneration system of NAD+ from NADH. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:218-23. [PMID: 20159566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD), a useful biocatalyst for regenerating NAD(+), was purified from Microbacterium luteolum JCM 9174, and the gene encoding LPD was cloned from the genomic DNA. The gene contained an opening reading frame consisting of 1395 nucleotides encoding 465 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 49912.1 Da, which displayed 36-78% homology to known LPDs. Moreover, the FAD- and NAD(+)-binding sites and the two catalytic residues in the LPDs were conserved. The enzyme was expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli cells and purified to homogeneity by column chromatography. LPD of M. luteolum (MluLPD) accepted not only lipoamide but also some artificial electron acceptors such as dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) and nitrotetrazolium blue (NTB), that is, it functions as a diaphorase. NAD(+) demonstrated a strong activating effect on MluLPD, and the activity was 5.2 times higher than that without NAD(+). The enzyme was suitable for regenerating NAD(+) in biocatalytic reactions because of its high affinity for NADH (6.1 microM). An NAD(+)-regenerating system with MluLPD and laccase using 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone as a hydrogen acceptor was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kurokawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering (Biotechnology Research Center), Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Laccase and its role in production of extracellular reactive oxygen species during wood decay by the brown rot basidiomycete Postia placenta. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2091-7. [PMID: 20154118 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02929-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown rot basidiomycetes initiate wood decay by producing extracellular reactive oxygen species that depolymerize the structural polysaccharides of lignocellulose. Secreted fungal hydroquinones are considered one contributor because they have been shown to reduce Fe(3+), thus generating perhydroxyl radicals and Fe(2+), which subsequently react further to produce biodegradative hydroxyl radicals. However, many brown rot fungi also secrete high levels of oxalate, which chelates Fe(3+) tightly, making it unreactive with hydroquinones. For hydroquinone-driven hydroxyl radical production to contribute in this environment, an alternative mechanism to oxidize hydroquinones is required. We show here that aspen wood undergoing decay by the oxalate producer Postia placenta contained both 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and laccase activity. Mass spectrometric analysis of proteins extracted from the wood identified a putative laccase (Joint Genome Institute P. placenta protein identification number 111314), and heterologous expression of the corresponding gene confirmed this assignment. Ultrafiltration experiments with liquid pressed from the biodegrading wood showed that a high-molecular-weight component was required for it to oxidize 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone rapidly and that this component was replaceable by P. placenta laccase. The purified laccase oxidized 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone with a second-order rate constant near 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), and measurements of the H(2)O(2) produced indicated that approximately one perhydroxyl radical was generated per hydroquinone supplied. Using these values and a previously developed computer model, we estimate that the quantity of reactive oxygen species produced by P. placenta laccase in wood is large enough that it likely contributes to incipient decay.
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Peterbauer CK, Volc J. Pyranose dehydrogenases: biochemical features and perspectives of technological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:837-48. [PMID: 19768457 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyranose dehydrogenase is a fungal flavin-dependent sugar oxidoreductase which is structurally and catalytically related to fungal pyranose oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase and probably fulfills similar biological functions in lignocellulose breakdown. It is a monomeric secretory glycoprotein and is limited to a rather small group of litter-decomposing basidiomycetes. Compared with pyranose oxidase, it displays broader substrate specificity and a variable regioselectivity and is unable to utilize oxygen as electron acceptor using substituted benzoquinones and (organo) metallic ions instead. Depending on the structure of the sugar in pyranose form (mono/di/oligosaccharide or glycoside) and the enzyme source, selective monooxidations at C-1, C-2, C-3, or dioxidations at C-2,3 or C-3,4 of the molecule to the corresponding aldonolactones (C-1), or (di)dehydrosugars (aldos(di)uloses) can be performed. These features make pyranose dehydrogenase a promising and versatile biocatalyst for production of highly reactive, sometimes unique, di- and tri-carbonyl sugar derivatives that may serve as interesting chiral intermediates for the synthesis of rare sugars, novel drugs, and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens K Peterbauer
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Fragner D, Zomorrodi M, Kües U, Majcherczyk A. Optimized protocol for the 2-DE of extracellular proteins from higher basidiomycetes inhabiting lignocellulose. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2431-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Laccase/mediator assisted degradation of triarylmethane dyes in a continuous membrane reactor. J Biotechnol 2009; 143:69-78. [PMID: 19539671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laccase/mediator systems are important bioremediation agents as the rates of reactions can be enhanced in the presence of the mediators. The decolorization mechanism of two triarylmethane dyes, namely, Basic Green 4 and Acid Violet 17 is reported using Cyathus bulleri laccase. Basic Green 4 was decolorized through N-demethylation by laccase alone, while in mediator assisted reactions, dye breakdown was initiated from oxidation of carbinol form of the dye. Benzaldehyde and N,N-dimethyl aniline were the major end products. With Acid Violet 17, laccase carried out N-deethylation and in mediator assisted reactions, oxidation of the carbinol form of the dye occurred resulting in formation of formyl benzene sulfonic acid, carboxy benzene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid. Toxicity analysis revealed that Basic Green 4 was toxic and treatment with laccase/mediators resulted in 80-100% detoxification. The treatment of the textile dye solution using laccase and 2,2'-azino-di-(-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was demonstrated in an enzyme membrane reactor. At a hydraulic retention time of 6h, the process was operated for a period of 15 days with nearly 95% decolorization, 10% reduction in flux and 70% recovery of active ABTS.
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Enhancing the production of hydroxyl radicals by Pleurotus eryngii via quinone redox cycling for pollutant removal. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3954-62. [PMID: 19376890 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02138-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of hydroxyl radical (OH) production via quinone redox cycling in white-rot fungi was investigated to improve pollutant degradation. In particular, we examined the influence of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (anisaldehyde), Mn(2+), and oxalate on Pleurotus eryngii OH generation. Our standard quinone redox cycling conditions combined mycelium from laccase-producing cultures with 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ) and Fe(3+)-EDTA. The main reactions involved in OH production under these conditions have been shown to be (i) DBQ reduction to hydroquinone (DBQH(2)) by cell-bound dehydrogenase activities; (ii) DBQH(2) oxidation to semiquinone (DBQ(-)) by laccase; (iii) DBQ(-) autoxidation, catalyzed by Fe(3+)-EDTA, producing superoxide (O(2)(-)) and Fe(2+)-EDTA; (iv) O(2)(-) dismutation, generating H(2)O(2); and (v) the Fenton reaction. Compared to standard quinone redox cycling conditions, OH production was increased 1.2- and 3.0-fold by the presence of anisaldehyde and Mn(2+), respectively, and 3.1-fold by substituting Fe(3+)-EDTA with Fe(3+)-oxalate. A 6.3-fold increase was obtained by combining Mn(2+) and Fe(3+)-oxalate. These increases were due to enhanced production of H(2)O(2) via anisaldehyde redox cycling and O(2)(-) reduction by Mn(2+). They were also caused by the acceleration of the DBQ redox cycle as a consequence of DBQH(2) oxidation by both Fe(3+)-oxalate and the Mn(3+) generated during O(2)(-) reduction. Finally, induction of OH production through quinone redox cycling enabled P. eryngii to oxidize phenol and the dye reactive black 5, obtaining a high correlation between the rates of OH production and pollutant oxidation.
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Induction of extracellular hydroxyl radical production by white-rot fungi through quinone redox cycling. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3944-53. [PMID: 19376892 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02137-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple strategy for the induction of extracellular hydroxyl radical (OH) production by white-rot fungi is presented. It involves the incubation of mycelium with quinones and Fe(3+)-EDTA. Succinctly, it is based on the establishment of a quinone redox cycle catalyzed by cell-bound dehydrogenase activities and the ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and peroxidases). The semiquinone intermediate produced by the ligninolytic enzymes drives OH production by a Fenton reaction (H(2)O(2) + Fe(2+) --> OH + OH(-) + Fe(3+)). H(2)O(2) production, Fe(3+) reduction, and OH generation were initially demonstrated with two Pleurotus eryngii mycelia (one producing laccase and versatile peroxidase and the other producing just laccase) and four quinones, 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ), and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione [MD]). In all cases, OH radicals were linearly produced, with the highest rate obtained with MD, followed by DBQ, MBQ, and BQ. These rates correlated with both H(2)O(2) levels and Fe(3+) reduction rates observed with the four quinones. Between the two P. eryngii mycelia used, the best results were obtained with the one producing only laccase, showing higher OH production rates with added purified enzyme. The strategy was then validated in Bjerkandera adusta, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phlebia radiata, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, and Trametes versicolor, also showing good correlation between OH production rates and the kinds and levels of the ligninolytic enzymes expressed by these fungi. We propose this strategy as a useful tool to study the effects of OH radicals on lignin and organopollutant degradation, as well as to improve the bioremediation potential of white-rot fungi.
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Morozova OV, Shumakovich GP, Shleev SV, Yaropolov YI. Laccase-mediator systems and their applications: A review. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683807050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lee MH, Bostock RM. Fruit Exocarp Phenols in Relation to Quiescence and Development of Monilinia fructicola Infections in Prunus spp.: A Role for Cellular Redox? PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2007; 97:269-77. [PMID: 18943645 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-97-3-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Monilinia fructicola causes brown rot of Prunus species and usually remains quiescent on immature fruit but reactivates when fruit are mature. The dihydroxycinnamates caffeic acid and its quinate ester, chlorogenic acid, abundant in the exocarp of peach fruit, had no effect on fungal growth but markedly inhibited the production of the cell wall degrading enzymes polygalacturonase and cutinase in M. fructicola cultures. This inhibition was related to changes in the electrochemical redox potentials of the cultures, as measured with a redox electrode. Fungal culture filtrates had lower electrochemical redox potentials when the growth medium contained caffeic acid than in caffeic acid-free medium. Levels of total intracellular glutathione, the reduced form of which serves as a major cellular antioxidant, increased significantly in M. fructicola cells in response to external caffeic acid. The presence of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, or reduced glutathione in conidial suspensions of M. fructicola did not inhibit germination on flower petals and fruit, but inhibited appressorium formation from germinated conidia and subsequent brown rot lesion development. These results suggest that intracellular antioxidant levels in the pathogen can be influenced by phenols present in host tissue and that changes in the redox environment may influence gene expression and differentiation of structures associated with infection by the pathogen. The possible relationship of host phenols to quiescence and subsequent development of M. fructicola infections is discussed.
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Pereira LS, Silva PI, Miranda MTM, Almeida IC, Naoki H, Konno K, Daffre S. Structural and biological characterization of one antibacterial acylpolyamine isolated from the hemocytes of the spider Acanthocurria gomesiana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 352:953-9. [PMID: 17157805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a 417Da antibacterial molecule, named mygalin, from the hemocytes of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The structure of mygalin was elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and by two spectroscopic techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Mygalin was identified as bis-acylpolyamine N1,N8-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)spermidine, in which the primary amino groups of the spermidine are acylated with the carboxyl group of the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Mygalin was active against Escherichia coli at 85muM, being this activity inhibited completely by catalase. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of mygalin was attributed to its production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The putative mechanisms of formation of H(2)O(2) from mygalin are discussed. To our knowledge this is the first report of one bis-acylpolyamine with antibacterial activity purified from animal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourivaldo S Pereira
- Parasitology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lee CU. Effects of Pleurotus eryngii on Lipid Levels and Enzyme Activity in Male Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2006.16.7.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Laufer Z, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV, Lüthje S, Böttger M. Occurrence of laccases in lichenized ascomycetes of the Peltigerineae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:846-53. [PMID: 16797954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous findings of high extracellular redox activity in lichens, the results of the work presented here identify the enzymes involved as laccases. Despite numerous data on laccases in fungi and flowering plants, this is the first report of the occurrence of laccases in lichenized ascomycetes. Extracellular laccase activity was measured in 40 species of lichens from different taxonomic groupings and contrasting habitats. Out of 20 species tested from suborder Peltigerineae, 18 displayed laccase activity, while activity was absent in species tested from other lichen groups. Identification of the enzymes as laccases was confirmed by the ability of lichen leachates to readily metabolize substrates such as 2,2'-azino(bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), syringaldazine and o-tolidine in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, sensitivity of the enzymes to cyanide and azide, the enzymes having typical laccase pH and temperature optima, and an absorption spectrum with a peak at 614nm. Desiccation and wounding stimulated laccase activity. Laccase activity was not increased after treatment with normal inducers of laccase synthesis, suggesting that they are constitutively expressed. Electrophoresis showed that the active form of laccase from Peltigera malacea was a tetramer with an unusually high molecular mass of 340kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.7. The finding of abundant extracellular redox enzymes known to actively produce reactive oxygen species suggest that their roles may include increasing nutrient supply to lichens by delignification, and deterring pathogens by contributing to the oxidative burst. Furthermore, once released into the environment, they may participate in the carbon cycle by facilitating the breakdown or formation of humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Laufer
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, Republic of South Africa
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Shimizu M, Yuda N, Nakamura T, Tanaka H, Wariishi H. Metabolic regulation at the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium against exogenous addition of vanillin. Proteomics 2006; 5:3919-31. [PMID: 16217726 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic differential display technique was utilized to study cellular responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium exposed to vanillin, one of the key intermediates found during lignin biodegradation. Intracellular proteins were resolved by 2-DE and target protein spots were identified using MALDI-MS after in-gel tryptic digestions. Upon addition of vanillin to P. chrysosporium, up-regulation of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, 1,4-benzoquinone reductases, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, which seem to play roles in vanillin metabolism, was observed. Furthermore, enzymes involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose-phosphate cycle, and heme biosynthesis were also activated. Up-regulation of extracellular peroxidase was also observed. One of the most unique phenomena against exogenous vanillin was a switch from the glyoxylate cycle to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, where a drastic increase in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was observed. The exogenous addition of other aromatic compounds also caused an increase in its activity, which in turn triggered NAD(P)H production via the action of dehydrogenases in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, heme biosynthesis via the action of aminolevulinic acid synthase on succinyl-CoA, and energy production via activation of the mitochondrial electron transfer system. These metabolic shifts seem to be required for activating a metabolic system for aromatic compounds.
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Change in Functional Properties by Extraction Condition of Roasted Pleurotus eryngii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Curreli N, Rescigno A, Rinaldi A, Pisu B, Sollai F, Sanjust E. Degradation of juglone by Pleurotus sajor-caju. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 108:913-8. [PMID: 15449596 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756204000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The toxic naphthoquinone juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is efficiently degraded by the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju, as demonstrated by the total bleaching within 9 d of a conventional liquid culture medium supplemented with 0.6 mM juglone. The oxidative degradation involves the production of hydrogen peroxide arising from both enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation reactions, promoted by the fungus. Juglone is not directly attacked by the oxidative enzymes of the ligninolytic machinery of P. sajor-caju, such as laccase, manganese peroxidase and arylalcohol oxidase. On the other hand, this naphthoquinone is a good substrate for a reductase, which triggers an auto-oxidative process producing reactive oxygen species and leading to juglone degradation. The degradation process continues to completion by means of a direct, presumably non-catalysed reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Curreli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica e Biotecnologie Biochimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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