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Juscamayta-López E, Valdivia F, Soto MP, Nureña B, Horna H. A pangenome approach-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the specific and early detection of Bordetella pertussis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4356. [PMID: 36928221 PMCID: PMC10018623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread vaccination, Bordetella pertussis continues to cause pertussis infections worldwide, leaving infants at the highest risk of severe illness and death, while people around them are likely the main sources of infection and rapidly spread the disease. Rapid and less complex molecular testing for the specific and timely diagnosis of pertussis remains a challenge that could help to prevent the disease from worsening and prevent its transmission. We aimed to develop and validate a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using a new target uvrD_2 informed by the pangenome for the specific and early detection of B. pertussis. Compared to that of multitarget quantitative polymerase chain reaction (multitarget qPCR) using a large clinical DNA specimen (n = 600), the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the uvrD_2 LAMP assay were 100.0% and 98.6%, respectively, with a 99.7% degree of agreement between the two assays. The novel colorimetric uvrD_2 LAMP assay is highly sensitive and specific for detecting B. pertussis DNA in nasopharyngeal swabs and showed similar diagnostic accuracy to complex and high-cost multitarget qPCR, but it is faster, simpler, and inexpensive, which makes it very helpful for the reliable and timely diagnosis of pertussis in primary health care and resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Juscamayta-López
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú.
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración (GA, AGL), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
| | - Faviola Valdivia
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - María Pía Soto
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Brenda Nureña
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Helen Horna
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
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2
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Ghez N, Mazenq J, Bosdure E, Dubourg G, Morand A, Dubus JC. Real-life requests for Bordetella polymerase chain reaction testing in children presenting to hospital. Arch Pediatr 2021; 29:72-74. [PMID: 34848130 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
From 2015 to 2017, 3197 interpretable Bordetella polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed for 2760 children presenting to our tertiary university hospital. Requests mainly came from the emergency department (62%) and for children older than 1 year (68%). Only 32 PCR (1%) results were positive, mainly in children younger than 1 year (n = 29/32, 90.6%; p<0.001). When focusing on the PCR indications in 2017, we found the requests were mainly based on nonspecific respiratory symptoms and were clinically unjustified in 383 cases (39%). Pediatricians overused Bordetella PCR in clinical practice. They should reserve their requests for cases of young children with symptoms suggestive of respiratory illness and/or incomplete pertussis immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ghez
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Hospital for Children, 264 rue Saint Pierre, Marseille 13385, France
| | - J Mazenq
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Hospital for Children, 264 rue Saint Pierre, Marseille 13385, France
| | - E Bosdure
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Hospital for Children, 264 rue Saint Pierre, Marseille 13385, France
| | - G Dubourg
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - A Morand
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Hospital for Children, 264 rue Saint Pierre, Marseille 13385, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - J C Dubus
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Hospital for Children, 264 rue Saint Pierre, Marseille 13385, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Hashish A, Sinha A, Mekky A, Sato Y, Macedo NR, El-Gazzar M. Development and Validation of Two Diagnostic Real-Time PCR (TaqMan) Assays for the Detection of Bordetella avium from Clinical Samples and Comparison to the Currently Available Real-Time TaqMan PCR Assay. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112232. [PMID: 34835358 PMCID: PMC8619015 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella avium (BA) is one of many pathogens that cause respiratory diseases in turkeys. However, other bacterial species can easily overgrow it during isolation attempts. This makes confirming the diagnosis of BA as the causative agent of turkey coryza more difficult. Currently, there are two PCR assays for the molecular detection of BA. One is conventional gel-based PCR and the other is TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. However, multiple pitfalls were detected in both assays regarding their specificity, sensitivity, and efficiency, which limits their utility as diagnostic tools. In this study, we developed and validated two TaqMan qPCR assays and compared their performance to the currently available TaqMan qPCR. The two assays were able to correctly identify all BA isolates and showed negative results against a wide range of different microorganisms. The two assays were found to have high efficiency with a detection limit of approximately 1 × 103 plasmid DNA Copies/mL with high repeatability and reproducibility. In comparison to the currently available TaqMan qPCR assay, the newly developed assays showed significantly higher PCR efficiencies due to superior primers and probes design. The new assays can serve as a reliable tool for the sensitive, specific, and efficient diagnosis of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Hashish
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.R.M.)
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Avanti Sinha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Amr Mekky
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Nubia R. Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Mohamed El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.H.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-540-3037
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Gill CJ, Gunning CE, MacLeod WB, Mwananyanda L, Thea DM, Pieciak RC, Kwenda G, Mupila Z, Rohani P. Asymptomatic Bordetella pertussis infections in a longitudinal cohort of young African infants and their mothers. eLife 2021; 10:65663. [PMID: 34097599 PMCID: PMC8184211 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent pertussis resurgence in numerous countries may be driven by asymptomatic infections. Most pertussis surveillance studies are cross-sectional and cannot distinguish asymptomatic from pre-symptomatic infections. Longitudinal surveillance could overcome this barrier, providing more information about the true burden of pertussis at the population level. Here we analyze 17,442 nasopharyngeal samples from a longitudinal cohort of 1320 Zambian mother/infant pairs. Our analysis has two elements. First, we demonstrate that the full range of IS481 qPCR CT values provides insight into pertussis epidemiology, showing concordance of low and high CT results over time, within mother/infant pairs, and in relation to symptomatology. Second, we exploit these full-range qPCR data to demonstrate a high incidence of asymptomatic pertussis, including among infants. Our results demonstrate a wider burden of pertussis infection than we anticipated in this population, and expose key limitations of threshold-based interpretation of qPCR results in infectious disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gill
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, United States
| | | | - William B MacLeod
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, United States
| | - Lawrence Mwananyanda
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, United States.,Right to Care, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Donald M Thea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, United States
| | - Rachel C Pieciak
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, United States
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Pejman Rohani
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology, Athens, Georgia.,University of Georgia, Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Athens, Georgia.,University of Georgia, Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, Georgia
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Pimenova AS, Borisova AB, Gadua NT, Borisova OY, Afanasiev SS, Petrova MS, Afanasiev MS, Mironov AY, Aleshkin VA. PCR-based diagnosis of whooping cough in the Russian Federation. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:52-58. [PMID: 33567174 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2021-66-1-52-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine how often the PCR method is used in different laboratories in Russia. In 2018, we conducted a questionnaire survey in diagnostic laboratories of medical organizations and the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology that performed PCR studies to identify microorganisms of the genus Bordetella in all 85 Russian regions. We found that in 2013 the PCR was used in 33 (38.8%) regions, but in 2017 the number of regions increased to 64 (75.3%). During 2013-2017 the study has not been applied in 21 regions. The number of PCR tests performed in the laboratories of medical organizations was significantly different. There has been an increase in the number of tests for the diagnosis of pertussis among people with clinical signs of infection and among contact persons in foci of infection. Compared to the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology, in medical organizations the rate of introduction of the PCR was higher. Between 2013 and 2017 the proportion of samples containing DNA B.pertussis decreased, but the proportion of samples containing DNA of other representatives of the genus Bordetella increased. Moreover, in the case of isolation DNA Bordetella spp. clinicians diagnose «Whooping cough, other unspecified organism», since there is no information on the species of the pathogen. Thus, in order to improve the diagnosis of pertussis, it is necessary to optimize PCR tests by including target genes that allow to identify of currently relevant DNAs of different representatives of the genus Bordetella.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pimenova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - A B Borisova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - N T Gadua
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - O Yu Borisova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - S S Afanasiev
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - M S Petrova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - M S Afanasiev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A Yu Mironov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - V A Aleshkin
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
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Multicenter Performance Evaluation of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct Kit in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 59:JCM.01041-20. [PMID: 33055187 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01041-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis using molecular methods is sensitive and specific with a short turnaround time compared to other diagnostic methods. In this multicenter study, we compared the performance of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit to those of other molecular assays in detecting and differentiating B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The limits of detection (LODs) were 150 CFU/ml or 3 fg/μl of DNA for B. pertussis and 1,500 CFU/ml or 10 fg/μl of DNA for B. parapertussis A total of 1,103 fresh and residual frozen specimens from eight clinical sites were tested. Combining the data from individual clinical sites using different comparative assays, the overall positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) for B. pertussis were 98.7% and 97.3%, respectively. The overall PPA and NPA for B. parapertussis were 96.7% and 100%, respectively. For prospective fresh specimens, the overall PPA and NPA for both targets were 97.7% and 99.3%, respectively. For retrospective frozen specimens, the overall PPA and NPA for both targets were 92.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The percentage of invalid results was 1.0%. A cross-reactivity study using 74 non-Bordetella bacterial species and five yeast species revealed that the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit was 100% specific. The hands-on time and assay run time of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit are favorable compared to those of other commercial and laboratory-developed tests. In summary, the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit has a performance comparable to those of other molecular assays for the detection of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis.
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Gill CJ, Gunning CE, MacLeod W, Mwananyanda L, Thea D, Pieciak R, Kwenda G, Mupila Z, Rohani P. Asymptomatic Bordetella pertussis infections in young African infants and their mothers identified within a longitudinal cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.11.18.20231423. [PMID: 33236026 PMCID: PMC7685339 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.18.20231423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite long-standing vaccination programs, pertussis incidence has increased in numerous countries; transmission by asymptomatic individuals is a suspected driver of this resurgence. However, unequivocal evidence documenting asymptomatic infections in adults and children is lacking due, in part, to the cross-sectional nature of most pertussis surveillance studies. In addition, modern pertussis surveillance relies on quantitative PCR (qPCR) using fixed diagnostic thresholds to identify cases. To address this gap, we present a longitudinal analysis of 17,442 nasopharyngeal samples collected from a cohort of 1,320 Zambian mother/infant pairs. Using full-range cycle threshold (CT) values from IS481 qPCR assays, we document widespread asymptomatic infections among mothers and also, surprisingly, among young infants. From an initial group of eight symptomatic infants who tested positive by qPCR, we identify frequent contemporaneous subclinical infections in mothers. Within the full cohort, we observe strong temporal correlation between low- and high-intensity qPCR signals. We compute a single time-averaged score for each individual summarizing the evidence for pertussis infection (EFI), and show that EFI strongly clusters within mother/infant pairs, and is strongly associated with clinical symptomatology and antibiotic use. Overall, the burden of pertussis here is substantially underestimated when restricting diagnostic criteria to IS481 CT≤35. Rather, we find that full-range CT values provide valuable insights into pertussis epidemiology in this population, and illuminate the infection arc within individuals. These findings have significant implications for quantifying asymptomatic pertussis prevalence and its contribution to overall transmission. Our results also expose limitations of threshold-based interpretations of qPCR assays in infectious disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Gill
- Boston University School of Public Health, Deptartment of Global Health
| | - C E Gunning
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology
| | - W MacLeod
- Boston University School of Public Health, Deptartment of Global Health
| | - L Mwananyanda
- Boston University School of Public Health, Deptartment of Global Health
- Right to Care - Zambia
| | - D Thea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Deptartment of Global Health
| | - R Pieciak
- Boston University School of Public Health, Deptartment of Global Health
| | - G Kwenda
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science
| | | | - P Rohani
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology
- University of Georgia, Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases
- University of Georgia, Department of Infectious Diseases
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Minh NNQ, Toi PV, Qui LM, Tinh LBB, Ngoc NT, Kim LTN, Uyen NH, Hang VTT, Chinh B’Krong NTT, Tham NT, Khoa TD, Khuong HD, Vi PQ, Phuc NNH, Vien LTM, Pouplin T, Khanh DV, Phuong PN, Lam PK, Wertheim HFL, Campbell JI, Baker S, Parry CM, Bryant JE, Schultsz C, Hung NT, de Jong MD, van Doorn HR. Antibiotic use and prescription and its effects on Enterobacteriaceae in the gut in children with mild respiratory infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A prospective observational outpatient study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241760. [PMID: 33147269 PMCID: PMC7641406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment guidelines do not recommend antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARI), except for streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis and pneumonia. However, antibiotics are prescribed frequently for children with ARI, often in absence of evidence for bacterial infection. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for mild ARI in paediatric outpatients in relation to available guidelines and detected pathogens, 2) to assess antibiotic use on presentation using questionnaires and detection in urine 3) to assess the carriage rates and proportions of resistant intestinal Enterobacteriaceae before, during and after consultation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were prospectively enrolled in Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and diagnoses, prescribed therapy and outcome were recorded on first visit and on follow-up after 7 days. Respiratory bacterial and viral pathogens were detected using molecular assays. Antibiotic use before presentation was assessed using questionnaires and urine HPLC. The impact of antibiotic usage on intestinal Enterobacteriaceae was assessed with semi-quantitative culture on agar with and without antibiotics on presentation and after 7 and 28 days. RESULTS A total of 563 patients were enrolled between February 2009 and February 2010. Antibiotics were prescribed for all except 2 of 563 patients. The majority were 2nd and 3rd generation oral cephalosporins and amoxicillin with or without clavulanic acid. Respiratory viruses were detected in respiratory specimens of 72.5% of patients. Antibiotic use was considered inappropriate in 90.1% and 67.5%, based on guidelines and detected pathogens, respectively. On presentation parents reported antibiotic use for 22% of patients, 41% of parents did not know and 37% denied antibiotic use. Among these three groups, six commonly used antibiotics were detected with HPLC in patients' urine in 49%, 40% and 14%, respectively. Temporary selection of 3rd generation cephalosporin resistant intestinal Enterobacteriaceae during antibiotic use was observed, with co-selection of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONS We report overuse and overprescription of antibiotics for uncomplicated ARI with selection of resistant intestinal Enterobacteriaceae, posing a risk for community transmission and persistence in a setting of a highly granular healthcare system and unrestricted access to antibiotics through private pharmacies. REGISTRATION This study was registered at the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry under number ISRCTN32862422: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32862422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Toi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Minh Qui
- Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Nguyen Hanh Uyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Ty Hang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Tham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thai Dang Khoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Duy Khuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quynh Vi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Hong Phuc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Minh Vien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Pouplin
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Doan Van Khanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Nguyen Phuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung Khanh Lam
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Heiman F. L. Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James I. Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christopher M. Parry
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Juliet E. Bryant
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Menno D. de Jong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Muloiwa R, Dube FS, Nicol MP, Hussey GD, Zar HJ. Risk factors for Bordetella pertussis disease in hospitalized children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240717. [PMID: 33057415 PMCID: PMC7561157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a resurgence of disease, risk factors for pertussis in children in low and middle-income countries are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for pertussis disease in African children hospitalized with severe LRTI. METHODS A prospective study of children hospitalized with severe LRTI in Cape Town, South Africa was conducted over a one-year period. Nasopharyngeal and induced sputum samples from child and nasopharyngeal sample from caregiver were tested for Bordetella pertussis using PCR (IS481+/hIS1001). History and clinical details were documented. RESULTS 460 children with a median age of 8 (IQR 4-18) months were enrolled. B. pertussis infection was confirmed in 32 (7.0%). The adjusted risk of confirmed pertussis was significantly increased if infants were younger than two months [aRR 2.37 (95% CI 1.03-5.42]), HIV exposed but uninfected (aRR 3.53 [95% CI 1.04-12.01]) or HIV infected (aRR 4.35 [95% CI 1.24-15.29]). Mild (aRR 2.27 [95% CI 1.01-5.09]) or moderate (aRR 2.70 [95% CI 1.13-6.45]) under-nutrition in the children were also associated with higher risk. The highest adjusted risk occurred in children whose caregivers had B. pertussis detected from nasopharyngeal swabs (aRR 13.82 [95% CI 7.76-24.62]). Completion of the primary vaccine schedule (three or more doses) was protective (aRR 0.28 [95% CI 0.10-0.75]). CONCLUSIONS HIV exposure or infection, undernutrition as well as detection of maternal nasal B. pertussis were associated with increased risk of pertussis in African children, especially in young infants. Completed primary vaccination was protective. There is an urgent need to improve primary pertussis vaccine coverage in low and middle-income countries. Pertussis vaccination of pregnant women, especially those with HIV infection should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudzani Muloiwa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Felix S. Dube
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark P. Nicol
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gregory D. Hussey
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J. Zar
- SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Lung Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Zhang RQ, Li Z, Li GX, Tie YQ, Li XN, Gao Y, Duan QX, Wang L, Zhao L, Fan GH, Bai XD, Wang RH, Chen ZW, Wang JR, Wu Y, Zhao MC, Feng ZS, Wang J, Ma XJ. A highly sensitive one-tube nested quantitative real-time PCR assay for specific detection of Bordetella pertussis using the LNA technique. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:224-230. [PMID: 32045697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory agent and is the causative pathogen of pertussis, which primarily affects children. Current diagnostic techniques for this pathogen have a variety of limitations including a long culture time, low bacterial load, and lack of specificity. METHODS This article reports the development of a one-tube nested quantitative real-time PCR assay using the locked nucleic acid (LNA) technique (LNA-OTN-q-PCR), targeting the BP485 gene and using a simple inexpensive extraction method. A total of 130 clinical samples from patients with clinically suspected pertussis, collected from the Children's Hospital of Hebei, China, were tested by LNA-OTN-q-PCR assay. RT-PCR and two-step semi-nested PCR assays were performed in parallel for comparison. RESULTS Only strains of B. pertussis were identified as positive, whereas all of the remaining strains were appropriately identified as negative by the LNA-OTN-q-PCR assay. A single copy per reaction can be detected by the LNA-OTN-q-PCR assay. Additionally, the sensitivity of this method was 100 times that of the RT-PCR assay (100 copies per reaction). Sixty-three of the 130 clinical samples were detected positive by LNA-OTN-q-PCR assay; in contrast, RT-PCR was able to detect only 41 positive samples. Following this, all 63 samples were positively identified by two-step semi-nested PCR. Compared with the two-step semi-nested PCR assay, both the specificity and sensitivity of the LNA-OTN-q-PCR assay using purified DNA and crude extract were 100%. CONCLUSIONS This assay was able to detect B. pertussis infection with high sensitivity and specificity. This test shows great potential as a promising technique to detect B. pertussis in both clinical laboratories and public health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Zhang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Tie
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Xin-Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing-Xia Duan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Guo-Hao Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xue-Ding Bai
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Rui-Huan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Zi-Wei Chen
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Jin-Rong Wang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Health Gene Technologies, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Ji Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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Saedi S, Safarchi A, Noofeli M, Tadayon K, Tay ACY, Lamichhane B, Rahimi H, Shahcheraghi F. Genome diversity and evolutionary characteristics of clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis circulating in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:1-10. [PMID: 32322373 PMCID: PMC7163038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The re-emergence of pertussis still is being reported all over the world. Pathogen adaptation and antigenic divergence of circulating isolates from vaccine strains are the main reasons of infection resurgence. Waning immunity is also an important factor contributing to resurgence of pertussis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of circulating Iranian isolates of Bordetella pertussis during February 2015 to October 2018 was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and subsequently ptxA, ptxP and fim3 alleles were characterized. The next generation genome sequencing was then used to compare the genomics of ptxP1 and ptxP3 of selected isolates from PFGE dendrogram. RESULTS PFGE differentiated 62 clinical isolates and vaccine and reference strains into 19 PFGE profiles, indicating the higher level of heterogeneity in the population during 2015-2018. The predominant B. pertussis genotype harbored pertussis toxin promoter allele, ptxP3 and the expansion of ptxA1 isolates, were also observed in our population. CONCLUSION No changes in allelic profile of predominant clone in recent years was observed but antigenic divergence between recently circulating isolates and the vaccine strain has been progressed and significantly was higher than previous studies. The comparative genomic analysis of the ptxP3 and ptxP1 isolates indicate that changes in ptxP3 genome structure including 32 unique SNPs and three unique indels may have contributed to the expansion of the ptxP3 clone. We compared ptxP3 and ptxP1 isolates in pathogenicity-associated genes and found five of them were specific for the ptxP3 isolates. The polymorphisms in pathogenicity-associated genes suggest structural adaptations for these virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saedi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Safarchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Noofeli
- Department of Human Bacterial Vaccine, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Keyvan Tadayon
- Department of Aerobic Bacterial Research and Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fereshteh Shahcheraghi, PhD, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-21-66405535,
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Katfy K, Diawara I, Maaloum F, Aziz S, Guiso N, Fellah H, Slaoui B, Zerouali K, Belabbes H, Elmdaghri N. Pertussis in infants, in their mothers and other contacts in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 31937256 PMCID: PMC6961324 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, there has been a marked increase in the number of reported cases of pertussis around the world, and pertussis continues to be a frequently occurring disease despite an effective childhood vaccination. This study aims to determine the role of household contacts of children diagnosed with pertussis in Casablanca Morocco. METHODS From November 2015 to October 2017, children suspected of whooping cough that consulted Ibn Rochd University hospital at Casablanca with their household contacts were enrolled in the study. Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples of the suspected children were analyzed by culture and RT-PCR. For the household contacts, NP and blood samples were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR and specific detection of pertussis toxin antibodies by ELISA, respectively. RESULTS During the study period, the survey was carried out on 128 infants hospitalized for pertussis suspicion and their families (N = 140). B. pertussis DNA was specifically detected in 73 (57%) samples, coexistence of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis DNA in 3 (2.3%) samples, coexistence of B. pertussis and B. holmesii DNA in 10 (7.81%) and only one (0.78%) sample was IS 481 RT-PCR positive without the possibility of determining the Bordetella species with the diagnostic tools used. Confirmations of Pertussis infection in household contacts by culture, RT- PCR and serology were 10, 46 and 39%, respectively. B. pertussis DNA was confirmed in the infants as well in their mothers in 38% of the cases. Co detection of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis DNA in 2% and co-detection of B. pertussis and B. holmesii DNA in 4%. B. holmesii DNA alone was detected in 5 NP samples of index cases and their mothers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm that B. pertussis is still circulating in children and adults, and were likely a source of pertussis contamination in infants still not vaccinated. The use of RT-PCR specific for B. pertussis in the diagnosis of adults is less sensitive and should be associated with serologic tests to improve diagnosis of pertussis and contributes to preventing transmission of the disease in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Katfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fakhredine Maaloum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Siham Aziz
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassan Fellah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Slaoui
- Abderrahim Harouchi Pediatric Hospital, rue Mohamed El Faidouzi, -ex Jenner Quartier: Hôpitaux -, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabbes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
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Zhang RQ, Li GX, Li XN, Shen XX, Gao Y, Wang L, Fan T, Duan QX, Wang YK, Wang J, Feng ZS, Ma XJ. A rapid and sensitive recombinase aided amplification assay incorporating competitive internal control to detect Bordetella pertussis using the DNA obtained by boiling. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 86:108-113. [PMID: 31288091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pertussis is a highly transmissible acute respiratory infection caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid, simple and sensitive diagnostic test for detecting this pathogen. METHODS Here we present a recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay incorporating competitive internal amplification control (IAC) to detect Bordetella pertussis using the DNA obtained by boiling. This assay was performed in a single closed tube at 39°C within 30min. A total of 115 clinical samples suspected of pertussis were collected and tested by the internally controlled RAA assay using both extracted DNA with the commercial kit and the DNA obtained by boiling. For comparison, the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was also performed with DNA extraction in parallel. RESULTS The sensitivity of the internally controlled RAA assay was 101 copies or 10CFU/ml per reaction in detecting plasmid DNA or B. pertussis strain. The optimum concentration of the IAC plasmid was determined to be 100 copies, and the introduction of IAC effectively reduced the occurrence of false negatives. Compared to the RT-PCR, RAA results with DNA extraction obtained 100% sensitivity and specificity, and the RAA results with heat-treated DNA showed 85.96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION With the advantages of 45min turn-around time and simple steps of DNA purification, this assay could become a useful diagnostic tool for Bordetella pertussis detection and is potentially suitable for point-of-care identification to guide prompt clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Zhang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Xin-Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Tao Fan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing-Xia Duan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Ji Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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Bell CA, Russell ML, Drews SJ, Simmonds KA, Svenson LW, Schwartz KL, Kwong JC, Mahmud SM, Crowcroft NS. Acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness and waning immunity in Alberta, Canada: 2010–2015, a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study. Vaccine 2019; 37:4140-4146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Machado MB, Passos SD. SEVERE PERTUSSIS IN CHILDHOOD: UPDATE AND CONTROVERSY - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 37:351-362. [PMID: 31116241 PMCID: PMC6868560 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;3;00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Through a systematic review, this essay aimed at revising the concepts of
severe pertussis, updating the epidemiology,
pathophysiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy and auxiliary
therapeutic options for symptomatology and complications. Data sources: This review considered publications from the last 30years in the databases US
National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online
(SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde
(LILACS), Cochrane, Google Scholar, as well as protocols of the Ministry of
Health and recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, related to childhood pertussis (whooping
cough), with emphasis on its severe form. This research was based on
keywords derived from the terms “pertussis”,
“azithromycin”, “antitussives”, “leukocyte reduction” in Portuguese and
English. Duplicate studies and those with unavailable full-text were
excluded. Data synthesis: Among 556 records found, 54 were selected for analysis.
Pertussis, as a reemerging disease, has affected all
age groups, evidencing the transient immunity conferred by infection and
vaccination. Severe cases occur in neonates and infants, with secondary
viral and bacterial complications and malignant pertussis,
a longside hyperleukocytosis, respiratory failure and shock. Macrolides
continue to be the chosen antibiotics, while antitussives for coughing
remain without efficacy. The prompt treatment in Intensive Care Units
improved the prognostic in severe cases, and transfusion was promising among
procedures for leukoreduction. Conclusions: Approaching severe pertussis in childhood remains a challenge for diagnostic
and therapy, as the available therapeutic options are still unsatisfactory.
Strategies of prevention are expected to reduce the occurrence of severe
cases, while new studies should confirm the role of auxiliary therapies.
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Evaluation of the Aries Bordetella Assay for Detection and Identification of Bordetella pertussis in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01966-18. [PMID: 30787143 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01966-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aries Bordetella assay (Aries BA) (Luminex Corporation) recently received FDA clearance for the detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Aries BA in comparison to that of the BioFire FilmArray respiratory panel (RP). The Aries BA was evaluated using retrospective, remnant nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), previously tested by FilmArray RP. Performance characteristics evaluated included positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) with the FilmArray RP. Discordant analysis was performed using bidirectional sequencing. A time and motion study was performed to compare the laboratory workflow of the two tests. Three hundred samples were included in the study. There were no samples positive for B. parapertussis The PPA and NPA of the Aries BA were 61.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.8 to 82.7%) and 100% (95% CI, 98.7 to 100%). Discordant results included five Bordetella bronchiseptica results that were incorrectly identified as B. pertussis by the FilmArray RP and one false-negative result for both the Aries BA and the FilmArray RP. The overall agreement between the Aries BA and FilmArray RP for the detection of B. pertussis was considered good at 97.7% with a kappa value of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.9). The Aries BA offers a new diagnostic option for the rapid and targeted approach to the diagnosis of pertussis. Unlike the FilmArray RP, the Aries BA did not cross-react with B. bronchiseptica in our study, although a larger sample set should be tested to confirm this finding.
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Hoegh SV, Agergaard CN, Skov MN, Kemp M. False-Positive Diagnostics of Bordetella Pertussis using IS481 PCR is Limited in Danish Patients. Open Microbiol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Bordetella pertussisis routinely detected using real-time PCR based on the multicopy insertion sequence IS481, which is not specific forBordetella pertussis.Objective:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the proportion of otherBordetellaspecies misidentified asBordetella pertussisusing IS481-targeted real-time PCR.Methods:Clinical specimens from 228 Danish patients (median age 15 years, 0 to 90 years old) formerly identified as positive forBordetella pertussis(IS481+) by routine PCR in 2011-2015, were subjected to real-time PCR targeting the insertion sequences IS1002and IS1001.Results:The results showed that 2.3% of the samples were false-positive forBordetella pertussis.Conclusion:In conclusion, we found that misidentification ofBordetella pertussisusing IS481PCR is limited in Danish patients.
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Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Automated Aries Bordetella Assay. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01471-18. [PMID: 30518543 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01471-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular methods offer superior sensitivity and specificity and reduce testing turnaround time from days to hours for detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis In this study, we evaluated the performance of the automated PCR-based Aries Bordetella Assay, which detects both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis directly from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The limits of detection (LoDs) were 1,800 CFU·ml-1 for B. pertussis and 213 CFU·ml-1 for B. parapertussis The assay detected 16/18 unique B. pertussis/B. parapertussis strains. Of 71 potentially cross-reacting organisms, 5 generated false positives in 1/6 replicates; none of 6 additional Bordetella spp. were erroneously detected. Specimens were stable at 20 to 25°C for at least 10 h, at 4 to 8°C for 10 days, and at temperatures not exceeding -70°C for 6 months. Of 1,052 nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with suspected pertussis, 3.0% (n = 32) were B. pertussis positive and 0.2% (n = 2) were B. parapertussis positive. Combining these data with Aries Bordetella Assay data from 57 nasopharyngeal samples with previously confirmed B. pertussis or B. parapertussis data and with data from 50 contrived B. parapertussis samples, the proportions of positive and negative agreement of the respective Aries assays with the reference assays were 97.1% and 99.0% for B. pertussis and 100% and 99.7% for B. parapertussis The Aries Bordetella Assay provides accurate detection and distinction of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis infections within 2 h. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02862262.).
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Nunes MC, Soofie N, Downs S, Tebeila N, Mudau A, de Gouveia L, Madhi SA. Comparing the Yield of Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Nasal Aspirates, and Induced Sputum for Detection of Bordetella pertussis in Hospitalized Infants. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 63:S181-S186. [PMID: 27838671 PMCID: PMC5106614 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Advances in molecular laboratory techniques are changing the landscape of Bordetella pertussis illness diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have greatly improved the sensitivity detection and the turnaround time to diagnosis compared to culture. Moreover, different respiratory specimens, such as flocked nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs), nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), and induced sputum, have been used for B. pertussis detection, although there is limited head-to-head comparison to evaluating the PCR yield from the 3 sampling methods. Methods. Hospitalized infants <6 months of age who fulfilled a broad syndromic criteria of respiratory illness were tested for B. pertussis infection by PCR on paired NPSs and NPAs; or paired NPSs and induced sputum. An exploratory analysis of B. pertussis culture was performed on induced sputum specimens and in a subset of NPSs. Results. From November 2014 to May 2015, 484 infants with paired NPSs and NPAs were tested; 15 (3.1%) PCR-confirmed pertussis cases were identified, 13 of which were PCR positive on both samples, while 1 each were positive only on NPS or NPA. From March to October 2015, 320 infants had NPSs and induced sputum collected, and 11 (3.4%) pertussis cases were identified by PCR, including 8 (72.7%) positive on both samples, 1 (9.1%) only positive on NPS, and 2 (18.2%) only positive on induced sputum. The 3 types of specimens had similar negative predictive value >99% and sensitivity >83%. Compared to PCR, culture sensitivity was 60% in induced sputum and 40% in NPSs. Conclusions. Flocked nasopharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates, and induced sputum performed similarly for the detection of B. pertussis infection in young infants by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Nunes
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Nasiha Soofie
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Sarah Downs
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Naume Tebeila
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Azwi Mudau
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Linda de Gouveia
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand.,National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
Since the first description of Bordetella holmesii in 1995, almost 100 publications have contributed to the increasing knowledge of this emerging bacterium. Although first reported to induce bacteremia mainly in immunocompromised patients, it has also been isolated in healthy persons and has shown the capacity to induce pertussis-like symptoms and other clinical entities, such as meningitis, arthritis, or endocarditis. Respiratory diseases are generally less severe than those induced by Bordetella pertussis. However, B. holmesii was found to have a higher capacity of invasiveness given the various infection sites in which it was isolated. The diagnosis is difficult, particularly as it is a slow-growing organism but also because respiratory infections are systematically misdiagnosed as B. pertussis. Treatment is delicate, as its susceptibility to macrolides (prescribed in respiratory infections) and ceftriaxone (used in invasive disease) is challenged. Regarding prevention, there is no consensus on prophylactic treatment following index cases and no vaccine is available. Epidemiological data are also sparse, with few prevalence studies available. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on B. holmesii.
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21
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Martini H, Detemmerman L, Soetens O, Yusuf E, Piérard D. Improving specificity of Bordetella pertussis detection using a four target real-time PCR. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175587. [PMID: 28403204 PMCID: PMC5389834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough, a contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, is on the rise despite existing vaccination programmes. Similar, though usually milder, respiratory symptoms may be caused by other members of the Bordetella genus: B. parapertussis, B. holmesii, and B. bronchiseptica. Pertussis diagnosis is mostly done using PCR, but the use of multiple targets is necessary in order to differentiate the different Bordetella spp. with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this study we evaluate a multiplex PCR assay for the differentiation of B. pertussis from other Bordetella spp., using the targets IS481, IS1001, IS1002, and recA. Moreover, we retrospectively explore the epidemiology of Bordetella spp. infections in Belgium, using the aforementioned assay over a three-year period, from 2013 until 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martini
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Liselot Detemmerman
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oriane Soetens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erlangga Yusuf
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Otsuka N, Gotoh K, Nishimura N, Ozaki T, Nakamura Y, Haga K, Yamazaki M, Gondaira F, Okada K, Miyaji Y, Toyoizumi-Ajisaka H, Shibayama K, Arakawa Y, Kamachi K. A Novel IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant Vag8 fusion protein for the accurate and early diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:326-33. [PMID: 26996337 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ELISA that measures anti-PT IgG antibody has been used widely for the serodiagnosis of pertussis; however, the IgG-based ELISA is inadequate for patients during the acute phase of the disease because of the slow response of anti-PT IgG antibodies. To solve this problem, we developed a novel IgM-capture ELISA that measures serum anti-Bordetella pertussis Vag8 IgM levels for the accurate and early diagnosis of pertussis. First, we confirmed that Vag8 was highly expressed in all B. pertussis isolates tested (n = 30), but little or none in other Bordetella species, and that DTaP vaccines did not induce anti-Vag8 IgG antibodies in mice (i.e. the antibody level could be unaffected by the vaccination). To determine the immune response to Vag8 in B. pertussis infection, anti-Vag8 IgM levels were compared between 38 patients (acute phase of pertussis) and 29 healthy individuals using the anti-Vag8 IgM-capture ELISA. The results revealed that the anti-Vag8 IgM levels were significantly higher in the patients compared with the healthy individuals (P < 0.001). ROC analysis also showed that the anti-Vag8 IgM-capture ELISA has higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.92) than a commercial anti-PT IgG ELISA kit. Moreover, it was shown that anti-Vag8 IgM antibodies were induced earlier than anti-PT IgG antibodies on sequential patients' sera. These data indicate that our novel anti-Vag8 IgM-capture ELISA is a potentially useful tool for making the accurate and early diagnosis of B. pertussis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Kensei Gotoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan
| | | | - Takao Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan
| | - Yukitsugu Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Okada
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Division of Oral & Medical Management, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Yusuke Miyaji
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | | | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo.,Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
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23
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Polyethersulfone improves isothermal nucleic acid amplification compared to current paper-based diagnostics. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:30. [PMID: 26906904 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Devices based on rapid, paper-based, isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques have recently emerged with the potential to fill a growing need for highly sensitive point-of-care diagnostics throughout the world. As this field develops, such devices will require optimized materials that promote amplification and sample preparation. Herein, we systematically investigated isothermal nucleic acid amplification in materials currently used in rapid diagnostics (cellulose paper, glass fiber, and nitrocellulose) and two additional porous membranes with upstream sample preparation capabilities (polyethersulfone and polycarbonate). We compared amplification efficiency from four separate DNA and RNA targets (Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Influenza A H1N1) within these materials using two different isothermal amplification schemes, helicase dependent amplification (tHDA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and traditional PCR. We found that the current paper-based diagnostic membranes inhibited nucleic acid amplification when compared to membrane-free controls; however, polyethersulfone allowed for efficient amplification in both LAMP and tHDA reactions. Further, observing the performance of traditional PCR amplification within these membranes was not predicative of their effects on in situ LAMP and tHDA. Polyethersulfone is a new material for paper-based nucleic acid amplification, yet provides an optimal support for rapid molecular diagnostics for point-of-care applications.
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24
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Vittucci AC, Spuri Vennarucci V, Grandin A, Russo C, Lancella L, Tozzi AE, Bartuli A, Villani A. Pertussis in infants: an underestimated disease. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:414. [PMID: 27528377 PMCID: PMC4986228 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of pertussis is not easy in early infancy since clinical manifestations can overlap with several different diseases. Many cases are often misclassified and underdiagnosed. We conducted a retrospective study on infants to assess how often physicians suspected pertussis and the actual frequency of Bordetella pertussis infections. METHODS We analyzed all infants with age ≤90 days hospitalized from March 2011 until September 2013 for acute respiratory symptoms tested with a Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction able to detect Bordetella pertussis and with a Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for a multipanel respiratory virus. Therefore, we compared patients with pertussis positive aspirate, patients with respiratory virus positive aspirate and patients with negative aspirate to identify symptoms or clinical findings predictive of pertussis. RESULTS Out of 215 patients analyzed, 53 were positive for pertussis (24.7 %), 119 were positive for respiratory virus (55.3 %) and 43 had a negative aspirate (20 %). Pertussis was suspected in 22 patients at admission and 16 of them were confirmed by laboratory tests, while 37 infants with different admission diagnosis resulted positive for pertussis. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was 30.2 % and the specificity 96.3 %. Infants with pertussis had more often paroxysmal cough, absence of fever and a higher absolute lymphocyte count than infants without pertussis. CONCLUSIONS Pertussis is a serious disease in infants and it is often unrecognized; some features should help pediatricians to suspect pertussis, but clinical suspicion has a low sensitivity. We suggest a systematic use of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to support the clinical suspicion of pertussis in patients with less than 3 months of age hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Vittucci
- General Pediatric and Infectious Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Grandin
- General Pediatric and Infectious Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lancella
- General Pediatric and Infectious Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- General Pediatric and Infectious Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Salim AM, Liang Y, Kilgore PE. Protecting Newborns Against Pertussis: Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17:425-41. [PMID: 26542059 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-015-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a potentially severe respiratory disease, which affects all age groups from young infants to older adults and is responsible for an estimated 195,000 deaths occurred globally in 2008. Active research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenesis, immunology, and diagnosis of pertussis. For diagnosis, molecular assays (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for detection of Bordetella pertussis have become more widely available and support improved outbreak detection. In children, pertussis vaccines have been incorporated into routine immunization schedules and deployed for pertussis outbreak control. Lower levels of vaccine coverage are now being observed in communities where vaccine hesitancy is rising. Additionally, recognition that newborn babies are at risk of pertussis in the USA and UK has led to recommendations to immunize pregnant women. Among adolescents and older adults in the USA, Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines are recommended, but substantial individual- and system-level barriers exist that will make achieving national Healthy People 2020 targets for immunization challenging. Current antimicrobial regimens for pertussis are focused on reducing the severity of disease, reducing rates of sequelae, and minimizing transmission of infection to susceptible individuals. Continued surveillance for pertussis will be important to identify opportunities for reducing young infants' exposure and reducing the impact of outbreaks among school-aged children. Laboratory-based surveillance for newly emerging strains of B. pertussis will be important to identify strains that may evade protection elicited by currently available vaccines. Efforts to develop new-generation pertussis vaccines should be considered now in anticipation of vaccine development programs, which may require ten or more years to deliver a licensed vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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26
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Brotons P, de Paz HD, Esteva C, Latorre I, Muñoz-Almagro C. Validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid diagnosis of pertussis infection in nasopharyngeal samples. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 16:125-30. [PMID: 26565672 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a novel loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid diagnosis (<1 hour) of whooping cough in nasopharyngeal samples versus the gold standard: real-time PCR. METHODS The study included all nasopharyngeal samples (n = 213) collected from children with clinical suspicion of pertussis admitted to Children's University Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) during July-December 2014. Fresh samples were routinely analyzed by real-time PCR and stored for retrospective LAMP analysis, following an easy 30 minute DNA extraction step by Chelex-100. RESULTS Performance results of the LAMP assay were: linearity, 10(5)-10(1) CFU/ml; Limit of Detection, 2 CFU/ml; precision (mean CV), 7.38%; diagnostic sensitivity, 96.55%; diagnostic specificity, 99.46%; time to detection, 12-30 minutes. CONCLUSION The new test was shown to be 2.5-fold faster than real-time PCR while maintaining similar levels of analytical and clinical performance. Therefore it could become a useful diagnostic tool for molecular point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brotons
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Hector D de Paz
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cristina Esteva
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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27
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Abstract
The introduction of vaccination in the 1950s significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of pertussis. However, since the 1990s, a resurgence of pertussis has been observed in vaccinated populations, and a number of causes have been proposed for this phenomenon, including improved diagnostics, increased awareness, waning immunity, and pathogen adaptation. The resurgence of pertussis highlights the importance of standardized, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnoses, the lack of which is responsible for the large differences in pertussis notifications between countries. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is also important for distinguishing between the several etiologic agents of pertussis-like diseases, which involve both viruses and bacteria. If pertussis is diagnosed in a timely manner, antibiotic treatment of the patient can mitigate the symptoms and prevent transmission. During an outbreak, timely diagnosis of pertussis allows prophylactic treatment of infants too young to be (fully) vaccinated, for whom pertussis is a severe, sometimes fatal disease. Finally, reliable diagnosis of pertussis is required to reveal trends in the (age-specific) disease incidence, which may point to changes in vaccine efficacy, waning immunity, and the emergence of vaccine-adapted strains. Here we review current approaches to the diagnosis of pertussis and discuss their limitations and strengths. In particular, we emphasize that the optimal diagnostic procedure depends on the stage of the disease, the age of the patient, and the vaccination status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke van der Zee
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frits R Mooi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Oguchi K, Miyata A, Kazuyama Y, Noda A, Suzuki E, Watanabe M, Nakayama T. Detection of antibodies against fimbria type 3 (Fim3) is useful diagnostic assay for pertussis. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:639-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Mirzaei B, Bameri Z, Babaei R, Shahcheraghi F. Isolation of High Level Macrolide Resistant Bordetella pertussis Without Transition Mutation at Domain V in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e18190. [PMID: 26396713 PMCID: PMC4575774 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bordetella pertussis, as a causative agent of whooping cough, due to the annual rise y of infection cases, failure of prophylaxis and treatment by macrolides, is considered as the new concern in the health care system. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was the determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at domain V, as the main binding site for macrolides, following the identification of high level macrolides resistant B. pertussis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the identification of 11 recovered B. pertussis isolates, from a total of 1084 nasopharyngeal swabs, by using the biochemical and molecular methods, the activities of erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin antibiotics against the recovered isolates were examined. Subsequently, A-G transition mutations in domain V were analyzed by molecular techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. RESULTS After susceptibility testing, one strain was detected as a high level macrolide resistant B. pertussis (Erythromycin = 128 μg/mL, Clarithromycin > 256 μg/mL). After sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods, transition mutations in positions 2047 and 2058 of the mentioned domain were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Although previous studies have shown that A-G transition mutations in 23 SrRNA gene (domain V) are the main reason for the occurrence of high level macrolides resistance in B. pertussis, however, the mentioned single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have not been detected in our resistant strain. This is the first report of high level macrolide resistant B. pertussis, without SNPs in domain V, in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Mirzaei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zakaria Bameri
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ryhane Babaei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fereshteh Shahcheraghi, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2166953311, Fax: +98-2166953331, E-mail:
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30
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Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM. Bordetella holmesiiinfection: current knowledge and a vision for future research. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:965-71. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Evaluation of Level of Agreement in Bordetella Species Identification in Three U.S. Laboratories during a Period of Increased Pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:1842-7. [PMID: 25809969 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03567-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While PCR is the most common method used for detecting Bordetella pertussis in the United States, most laboratories use insertion sequence 481 (IS481), which is not specific for B. pertussis; therefore, the relative contribution of other Bordetella species is not understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the proportion of other Bordetella species misidentified as B. pertussis during a period of increased pertussis incidence, determine the level of agreement in Bordetella species detection between U.S. commercial laboratories and the CDC, and assess the relative diagnostic sensitivity of CDC's PCR assay when using a different PCR master mix. Specimens collected between May 2012 and May 2013 were tested at two U.S. commercial laboratories for B. pertussis and B. parapertussis detection. Every fifth specimen positive for IS481 and/or IS1001 with cycle threshold (CT) values of ≤35 was sent to CDC for PCR testing that identifies Bordetella species. Specimens with indeterminate or negative results in the CDC PCR were tested using an alternate PCR master mix. Of 755 specimens, there was agreement in species identification for 83.4% (n = 630). Of the specimens with different identifications (n = 125), 79.2% (n = 99) were identified as indeterminate B. pertussis at CDC. Overall, 0.66% (n = 5) of the specimens were identified as B. holmesii or B. bronchiseptica at CDC. Of 115 specimens with indeterminate or negative results, 46.1% (n = 53) were B. pertussis positive when tested by an alternate master mix, suggesting a possible increase in assay sensitivity. This study demonstrates good agreement between the two U.S. commercial laboratories and CDC and little misidentification of Bordetella species during the 2012 U.S. epidemic.
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32
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Liu W, Xu Y, Dong D, Li H, Zhao X, Li L, Zhang Y, Wei X, Wang X, Huang S, Zeng M, Huang L, Zhang S, Yuan J. Survey and Rapid Detection of Bordetella pertussis in Clinical Samples Targeting the BP485 in China. Front Public Health 2015; 3:39. [PMID: 25798436 PMCID: PMC4350411 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is an important human respiratory pathogen. Here, we describe a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid detection of B. pertussis in clinical samples based on a visual test. The LAMP assay detected the BP485 target sequence within 60 min with a detection limit of 1.3 pg/μl, a 10-fold increase in sensitivity compared with conventional PCR. All 31 non-pertussis respiratory pathogens tested were negative for LAMP detection, indicating the high specificity of the primers for B. pertussis. To evaluate the application of the LAMP assay to clinical diagnosis, of 105 sputum and nasopharyngeal samples collected from the patients with suspected respiratory infections in China, a total of 12 B. pertussis isolates were identified from 33 positive samples detected by LAMP-based surveillance targeting BP485. Strikingly, a 4.5 months old baby and her mother were found to be infected with B. pertussis at the same time. All isolates belonged to different B. pertussis multilocus sequence typing groups with different alleles of the virulence-related genes including four alleles of ptxA, six of prn, four of tcfA, two of fim2, and three of fim3. The diversity of B. pertussis carrying toxin genes in clinical strains indicates a rapid and continuing evolution of B. pertussis. This combined with its high prevalence will make it difficult to control. In conclusion, we have developed a visual detection LAMP assay, which could be a useful tool for rapid B. pertussis detection, especially in situations where resources are poor and in point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Derong Dong
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Simo Huang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ming Zeng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Liuyu Huang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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Jerris RC, Williams SR, MacDonald HJ, Ingebrigtsen DR, Westblade LF, Rogers BB. Testing implications of varying targets for Bordetella pertussis: comparison of the FilmArray Respiratory Panel and the Focus B. pertussis PCR assay. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:394-6. [PMID: 25742911 PMCID: PMC4413735 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) detects multiple pathogens, including Bordetella pertussis. The multiplex PCR system is appropriate for a core laboratory or point of care due to ease of use. The purpose of this study is to compare the analytical sensitivity of the FilmArray RP, which targets the promoter region of the B. pertussis toxin gene, with the Focus real-time PCR assay, which targets the insertion sequence IS481. METHODS Seventy-one specimens from patients aged 1 month to 18 years, which had tested positive for B. pertussis using the Focus assay, were analysed using the FilmArray RP. RESULTS Forty-six specimens were positive for B. pertussis by both the Focus and the FilmArray RP assays. Twenty-five specimens were negative for B. pertussis using the FilmArray RP assay, but positive using the Focus assay. CONCLUSIONS The FilmArray RP assays will detect approximately 1/3 less cases of B. pertussis than the Focus assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Jerris
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lars F Westblade
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beverly B Rogers
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Pertussis in the newborn: certainties and uncertainties in 2014. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:112-8. [PMID: 25613084 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis infection remains a serious potential health risk to infants, specially in those too young to be vaccinated. Over the recent years, numerous sources highlighted a widespread resurgence, making it, again, a challenging disease. Globally, pertussis is ranked among the 10 leading causes of childhood mortality. This review summarizes the most recent literature and will address the most important aspects that pediatricians and neonatologists must be familiar with, when treating a newborńs pertussis infection.
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Harmonization of Bordetella pertussis real-time PCR diagnostics in the United States in 2012. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:118-23. [PMID: 25355770 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02368-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time PCR (rt-PCR) is an important diagnostic tool for the identification of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella holmesii, and Bordetella parapertussis. Most U.S. public health laboratories (USPHLs) target IS481, present in 218 to 238 copies in the B. pertussis genome and 32 to 65 copies in B. holmesii. The CDC developed a multitarget PCR assay to differentiate B. pertussis, B. holmesii, and B. parapertussis and provided protocols and training to 19 USPHLs. The 2012 performance exercise (PE) assessed the capability of USPHLs to detect these three Bordetella species in clinical samples. Laboratories were recruited by the Wisconsin State Proficiency Testing program through the Association of Public Health Laboratories, in partnership with the CDC. Spring and fall PE panels contained 12 samples each of viable Bordetella and non-Bordetella species in saline. Fifty and 53 USPHLs participated in the spring and fall PEs, respectively, using a variety of nucleic acid extraction methods, PCR platforms, and assays. Ninety-six percent and 94% of laboratories targeted IS481 in spring and fall, respectively, in either singleplex or multiplex assays. In spring and fall, respectively, 72% and 79% of USPHLs differentiated B. pertussis and B. holmesii and 68% and 72% identified B. parapertussis. IS481 cycle threshold (CT) values for B. pertussis samples had coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 10% to 28%. Of the USPHLs that differentiated B. pertussis and B. holmesii, sensitivity was 96% and specificity was 95% for the combined panels. The 2012 PE demonstrated increased harmonization of rt-PCR Bordetella diagnostic protocols in USPHLs compared to that of the previous survey.
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Evaluation of amplification targets for the specific detection of Bordetella pertussis using real-time polymerase chain reaction. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 25:217-21. [PMID: 25285127 PMCID: PMC4173943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/763128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bordetella pertussis infections continue to be a major public health challenge in Canada. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect B pertussis are typically based on the multicopy insertion sequence IS481, which offers high sensitivity but lacks species specificity. METHODS A novel B pertussis real-time PCR assay based on the porin gene was tested in parallel with several previously published assays that target genes such as IS481, ptx-promoter, pertactin and a putative thialase. The assays were evaluated using a reference panel of common respiratory bacteria including different Bordetella species and 107 clinical nasopharyngeal specimens. Discrepant results were confirmed by sequencing the PCR products. RESULTS Analytical sensitivity was highest for the assay targeting the IS481 element; however, the assay lacked specificity for B pertussis in the reference panel and in the clinical samples. False-positive results were also observed with assays targeting the ptx-promoter and pertactin genes. A PCR assay based on the thialase gene was highly specific but failed to detect all reference strains of B pertussis. However, a novel assay targeting the porin gene demonstrated high specificity for B pertussis both in the reference panel and in clinical samples and, based on sequence-confirmed results, correctly predicted all B pertussis-positive cases in clinical samples. According to Probit regression analysis, the 95% detection limit of the new assay was 4 colony forming units/reaction. CONCLUSION A novel porin assay for B pertussis demonstrated superior performance and may be useful for improved molecular detection of B pertussis in clinical specimens.
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Abstract
Pertussis, or whooping cough, has had a dramatic resurgence in the past several years and is the most common vaccine-preventable disease in the world. The year 2012 marked the most cases in the United States in > 50 years. Large outbreaks have occurred in multiple states, and infant deaths have drawn the attention of not only health-care providers but also the media. Although the disease is theoretically preventable by vaccination, it remains a challenge to control. New vaccination strategies have been implemented across different age groups and populations of patients, but vaccine coverage remains dismally low. Acellular vaccines, although safe, do not afford the same long-lasting immunity as the previously used whole-cell vaccine. Ultimately, improvements in the development of vaccines and in vaccination coverage will be essential to decrease the burden of pertussis on society. This article provides a review of pertussis infection and discusses advances related to the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infection, as well as continued areas of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Hartzell
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason M Blaylock
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD.
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Hassan F, Hays L, Bell J, Selvarangan R. Evaluation of 3 analyte-specific reagents for detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in clinical specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 80:181-4. [PMID: 25239539 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The performance of 3 analyte-specific reagents (ASRs), Elitech Biosciences, EraGen Biosciences, and Focus Diagnostic, was evaluated for detection of Bordetella pertussis (BP) and Bordetella parapertussis (BPP) in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. A total of 104 frozen, leftover clinical specimens obtained from pediatric patients during 2011-2012 were included in this study. Performance was compared to the Bordetella real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory-developed test (LDT). The positive percent agreement for detection of BP by Elitech was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.14-99.30); EraGen and Focus was 98% (95% CI: 87.99-99.89) in comparison to LDT PCR assay. The negative percent agreement of Elitech, EraGen, and Focus in comparison to LDT was 96% (95% CI: 85.14-99.30), 92% (95% CI: 79.89-97.41), and 96% (95% CI: 85.14-99.30), respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) for BP was 0.1 CFU/reaction by both Focus and EraGen and 1.0 CFU/reaction by Elitech. However, LOD for BPP was lower by EraGen (0.1 CFU/reaction) compared to Focus (1.0 CFU/reaction) and Elitech (1.0 CFU/reaction). These results demonstrate that all 3 ASRs tested are comparable and reliable for routine clinical diagnosis of pertussis and parapertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaus Hassan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Lindsay Hays
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jeremiah Bell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Rangaraj Selvarangan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Abstract
In all vaccinated populations, infections with Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis continue to cause infections in unvaccinated infants and children, as well as in adolescents and adults with waning immunity. Thus in patients with longer lasting coughs a diagnosis of pertussis should be entertained irrespective of their vaccination status. Due to the non-specific clinical symptoms, clinically suspected cases of pertussis must be verified by laboratory methods. Hyperleukocytosis may be helpful in diagnosis for young infants, but in most cases, nonspecific laboratory tests have no role in pertussis diagnosis. Specific laboratory tests include direct detection of the bacteria or their DNA by culture or PCR, whereas serology serves as an indirect method to diagnose pertussis in those patients who present late in the development of the disease. Serology results can be interpreted in relation to reference values for different populations, but serology is unable to distinguish between vaccination and infection.
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Occurrence of 3 Bordetella species during an outbreak of cough illness in Ohio: epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings and antimicrobial susceptibility. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:e162-7. [PMID: 24445823 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in laboratory diagnosis of pertussis was noted in central Ohio during 2010. Diagnosis was made using a polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the multicopy insertion sequence IS481, which is found in both Bordetella pertussis (Bp) and Bordetella holmesii (Bh). An increase in specimens testing positive for Bordetella parapertussis (Bpp) using insertion sequence IS1001 was also noted. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swab specimens submitted April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, were tested using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for Bp/Bh (IS481) and Bpp followed by singleplex assays for Bp and Bh. A subgroup of specimens was also cultured for Bordetella species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered organisms. Demographic and clinical features were compared for patients with Bp, Bh and Bpp. RESULTS Of 520 IS481-positive specimens, 214 (41.1%) were positive for Bp, 79 (15.2%) were positive for Bh and 5 (1.0%) were positive for both Bp and Bh; 222 (42.7%) were negative for both targets. An additional 220 specimens were positive for Bpp. Among a sample of 155 IS481-positive specimens, 40, 15 and 0 were culture positive for Bp, Bh and Bpp, respectively. Among a sample of 55 BparaIS1001-positive (Bpp) specimens, 22, 0 and 0 were culture positive for Bpp, Bp and Bh, respectively. All Bordetella species were susceptible to macrolide antibiotics. Patients with Bh were older than patients with Bp, who were older than those positive for Bpp (mean ages: 12.0, 8.0 and 4.2 years, respectively; P < 0.001). One or more classic signs of pertussis (ie, paroxysmal cough, whoop, post-tussive emesis) were seen in 55.9% of 263 patients (59 Bp, 24 Bh, 80 Bpp and 100 negative for Bordetella species), but did not differ statistically among the groups (χ = 5.1, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS All 3 Bordetella species, Bp, Bh and Bpp, were detected during on outbreak of pertussis-like cough illness. There were noted differences in age and seasonality, but clinical features at the time of presentation did not allow clear differentiation of these infections. All Bordetella species recovered from culture and tested were susceptible in vitro to macrolide antibiotics. Additional study is necessary to further characterize epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Bh-associated cough illness and to determine potential co-occurrence of Bordetella species with other bacterial and viral respiratory tract pathogens.
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Comparative evaluation of the Diagenode multiplex PCR assay on the BD max system versus a routine in-house assay for detection of Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2668-70. [PMID: 24789178 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00212-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study looked at 128 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and 162 throat swabs (TS) tested with the Diagenode multiplex assay on the BD Max system versus our in-house Bordetella pertussis PCR. Sensitivity and specificity were 97.3% and 100% for NPA and 88.3% and 98% for TS, respectively. Of positive NPA, 42.1% were coinfected with respiratory viruses.
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Pittet LF, Emonet S, Schrenzel J, Siegrist CA, Posfay-Barbe KM. Bordetella holmesii: an under-recognised Bordetella species. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:510-9. [PMID: 24721229 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii, first described in 1995, is believed to cause both invasive infections (bacteraemia, meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, and arthritis) and pertussis-like symptoms. Infection with B holmesii is frequently misidentified as being with B pertussis, the cause of whooping cough, because routine diagnostic tests for pertussis are not species-specific. In this Review, we summarise knowledge about B holmesii diagnosis and treatment, and assess research needs. Although no fatal cases of B holmesii have been reported, associated invasive infections can cause substantial morbidities, even in previously healthy individuals. Antimicrobial treatment can be problematic because B holmesii's susceptibility to macrolides (used empirically to treat B pertussis) and third-generation cephalosporins (often used to treat invasive infections) is lower than would be expected. B holmesii's adaptation to human beings is continuing, and virulence might increase, causing the need for better diagnostic assays and epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure F Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Emonet
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Neonatal Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Paediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tizolova A, Brun D, Guiso N, Guillot S. Development of real-time PCR assay for differential detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:347-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fathima S, Ferrato C, Lee BE, Simmonds K, Yan L, Mukhi SN, Li V, Chui L, Drews SJ. Bordetella pertussis in sporadic and outbreak settings in Alberta, Canada, July 2004-December 2012. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:48. [PMID: 24476570 PMCID: PMC3931923 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ProvLab Alberta provides all laboratory testing for Bordetella pertussis including sporadic cases and outbreak investigations through collaborations with provincial public health partners. We describe B. pertussis activity in Alberta from July 2004 to December 2012. Methods Laboratory testing for pertussis was analyzed using interpreted laboratory data that was generated by DIAL, a secure web-based platform. Duplicate specimens from the same individual ≤90 days were excluded to generate a case-based dataset. Immunization status of confirmed pertussis cases from the provincial immunization repository was reviewed. Results Overall, 7.1% of suspected pertussis cases tested positive with a higher positivity rate in outbreak as compared to sporadic setting. Annual variations in sporadic pertussis cases were observed across the province with higher positivity rates in 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2012. A significantly higher positivity rate was observed in a northern region of Alberta. While the positivity rate in sporadic setting was highest in adolescents aged 10 to <15 years old (14.8%), population-based disease burden was highest in young children <5 years old. Of the 81.6% (n = 1,348) pertussis cases with immunization records, 48.3% were up-to-date with immunization. The pertussis cases that were up-to-date with their immunization were older (median age 12.9 years) as compared to those with incomplete (median age 9.7 years) or no pertussis immunization (median age 3.8 years). Conclusions Cyclic pattern of annual pertussis activity with geographic variation was observed in Alberta with no obvious case finding effect from outbreak investigations. The high positivity rates in adolescents suggested an underestimation of disease burden in this age group.
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Wendelboe AM, Van Rie A. Diagnosis of pertussis: a historical review and recent developments. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 6:857-64. [PMID: 17140372 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.6.6.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The accurate and timely diagnosis of pertussis continues to be challenging. The widespread use of pertussis vaccines has dramatically altered the epidemiology and clinical presentation of pertussis disease, such that many cases do not present with the hallmark symptoms, such as inspiratory whoop, post-tussive vomiting and paroxysmal cough. A variety of laboratory tools are available to aid in the diagnosis of pertussis, including culture, direct fluorescent antibody testing, PCR, and paired and single serology techniques. This article reviews the strengths and limitations, including the sensitivity and specificity, of each of these diagnostic tools.
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Haghighi F, Shahcheraghi F, Abbasi E, Eshraghi SS, Zeraati H, Mousavi SAJ, Asgarian-Omran H, Douraghi M, Shokri F. Genetic Profile Variation in Vaccine Strains and Clinical Isolates of Bordetella pertussis Recovered from Iranian Patients. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2014; 6:178-84. [PMID: 25215182 PMCID: PMC4147105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-emergence of pertussis has been reported in Iran despite a high rate of vaccination coverage. Low efficacy of the vaccine might be due to the genetic divergence between clinical versus vaccine strains. In the current study, the genetic profiles of clinical isolates and vaccine strains of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) were assessed by using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). METHODS Following phenotypic and molecular identification of isolates, XbaI-digested genomic DNA of 5 clinical isolates, 2 vaccine strains and a Tohama I strain were analyzed by PFGE along with B. parapertussis as a control. RESULTS Seven distinct PFGE profiles were found among all examined isolates/strains. In 5 clinical isolates, 4 profiles were identified whereas the vaccine strains displayed 2 distinct profiles. The reference strain, Tohama I had a distinct profile. Vaccine and clinical profiles had low similarity, with relatedness of approximately 40%. CONCLUSION The genetic profiles of B. pertussis were different between circulating isolates and vaccine strains used in the national vaccination programs. Since new genetic profiles of B. pertussis can be disseminated periodically, the profiles of isolates circulating in the population should be monitored over the course of the re-emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Haghighi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Abbasi
- Department of Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Eshraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Zeraati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Javad Mousavi
- Department of Pulmonology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fazel Shokri, Ph.D., Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fazel Shokri, Ph.D., Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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A simplified sequence-based identification scheme for Bordetella reveals several putative novel species. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:674-7. [PMID: 24478511 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02572-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of Bordetella species, particularly those causing human infection, is problematic. We found that sequence analysis of an internal fragment of nrdA allowed differentiation of the currently named Bordetella species. Analysis of 107 "Bordetella" isolates recovered almost exclusively from human respiratory tract specimens identified several putative novel species.
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Evaluation of a multitarget real-time PCR assay for detection of Bordetella species during a pertussis outbreak in New Hampshire in 2011. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:302-6. [PMID: 24131698 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01656-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitarget real-time PCR assay with three targets, including insertion sequence 481 (IS481), IS1001, and an IS1001-like element, as well as pertussis toxin subunit S1 (ptxS1), for the detection of Bordetella species was evaluated during a pertussis outbreak. The sensitivity and specificity were 77 and 88% (PCR) and 66 and 100% (culture), respectively. All patients with an IS481 C(T) of <30 also tested positive by ptxS1 assay and were clinical pertussis cases. No patients with IS481 C(T) values of ≥40 tested positive by culture. Therefore, we recommend that culture be performed only for specimens with IS481 C(T) values of 30 ≤ CT <40.
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Nikbin VS, Shahcheraghi F, Lotfi MN, Zahraei SM, Parzadeh M. Comparison of culture and real-time PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis isolated from patients in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 5:209-14. [PMID: 24475325 PMCID: PMC3895556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Due to contagiousness of pertussis, a rapid and sensitive method for diagnosis is required to initiate the treatment and interrupt its transmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS To detect B. pertussis strains, we used two real-time PCR targeting IS481 and BP283 sequences and compared factors influencing culture and real-time PCR results. RESULTS Totally, 779 specimens were collected from patients among which 11 (1.4%) were culture positive. Using IS481 and BP283 primers, 122 (15.6%) and 100 (12.8%) were diagnosed as infected specimens respectively. There were significant relationships between the real-time PCR method for diagnosis of B. pertussis and age, sex and vaccination of patients before sampling. CONCLUSION The real-time PCR is superior and much more sensitive than culture for diagnosis of B. pertussis. However, the sensitivity was improved when both IS481 and BP283 were used. Correct sampling and transportation of specimen also improved the detection rate in our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Sadat Nikbin
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Corresponding author: Fereshteh Shahcheraghi, Ph.D, Address: Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology and Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur St., Tehran, Iran. Tel & Fax: +98-21-66405535. E-mail:
| | - Masoumeh Nakhost Lotfi
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | | | - Masoumeh Parzadeh
- Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
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