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Li X, Gill A, Panzarasa P, Bestwick J, Schrag A, Noyce A, De Simoni A. Web Application to Enable Online Social Interactions in a Parkinson Disease Risk Cohort: Feasibility Study and Social Network Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51977. [PMID: 38788211 PMCID: PMC11161708 DOI: 10.2196/51977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that social interaction has an inverse association with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. PREDICT-Parkinson Disease (PREDICT-PD) is an online UK cohort study that stratifies participants for risk of future Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the methodological approach and feasibility of assessing the digital social characteristics of people at risk of developing PD and their social capital within the PREDICT-PD platform, making hypotheses about the relationship between web-based social engagement and potential predictive risk indicators of PD. METHODS A web-based application was built to enable social interaction through the PREDICT-PD portal. Feedback from existing members of the cohort was sought and informed the design of the pilot. Dedicated staff used weekly engagement activities, consisting of PD-related research, facts, and queries, to stimulate discussion. Data were collected by the hosting platform. We examined the pattern of connections generated over time through the cumulative number of posts and replies and ego networks using social network analysis. We used network metrics to describe the bonding, bridging, and linking of social capital among participants on the platform. Relevant demographic data and Parkinson risk scores (expressed as an odd 1:x) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between risk scores (after log transformation) and network measures. RESULTS Overall, 219 participants took part in a 4-month pilot forum embedded in the study website. In it, 200 people (n=80, 40% male and n=113, 57% female) connected in a large group, where most pairs of users could reach one another either directly or indirectly through other users. A total of 59% (20/34) of discussions were spontaneously started by participants. Participation was asynchronous, with some individuals acting as "brokers" between groups of discussions. As more participants joined the forum and connected to one another through online posts, distinct groups of connected users started to emerge. This pilot showed that a forum application within the cohort web platform was feasible and acceptable and fostered digital social interaction. Matching participants' web-based social engagement with previously collected data at individual level in the PREDICT-PD study was feasible, showing potential for future analyses correlating online network characteristics with the risk of PD over time, as well as testing digital social engagement as an intervention to modify the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS The results from the pilot suggest that an online forum can serve as an intervention to enhance social connectedness and investigate whether patterns of online engagement can impact the risk of developing PD through long-term follow-up. This highlights the potential of leveraging online platforms to study the role of social capital in moderating PD risk and underscores the feasibility of such approaches in future research or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Li
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aneet Gill
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Panzarasa
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bestwick
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Schrag
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Noyce
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna De Simoni
- Centre for Primary Care, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Furlepa M, Zhang YP, Lobanova E, Kahanawita L, Vivacqua G, Williams-Gray CH, Klenerman D. Single-molecule characterization of salivary protein aggregates from Parkinson's disease patients: a pilot study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae178. [PMID: 38863577 PMCID: PMC11166177 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a convenient and accessible biofluid that has potential as a future diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease. Candidate diagnostic tests for Parkinson's disease to date have predominantly focused on measurements of α-synuclein in CSF, but there is a need for accurate tests utilizing more easily accessible sample types. Prior studies utilizing saliva have used bulk measurements of salivary α-synuclein to provide diagnostic insight. Aggregate structure may influence the contribution of α-synuclein to disease pathology. Single-molecule approaches can characterize the structure of individual aggregates present in the biofluid and may, therefore, provide greater insight than bulk measurements. We have employed an antibody-based single-molecule pulldown assay to quantify salivary α-synuclein and amyloid-β peptide aggregate numbers and subsequently super-resolved captured aggregates using direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy to describe their morphological features. We show that the salivary α-synuclein aggregate/amyloid-β aggregate ratio is increased almost 2-fold in patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 20) compared with controls (n = 20, P < 0.05). Morphological information also provides insight, with saliva from patients with Parkinson's disease containing a greater proportion of larger and more fibrillar amyloid-β aggregates than control saliva (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of count and morphology data provides greater diagnostic value than either measure alone, distinguishing between patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 17) and controls (n = 18) with a high degree of accuracy (area under the curve = 0.87, P < 0.001) and a larger dynamic range. We, therefore, demonstrate for the first time the application of highly sensitive single-molecule imaging techniques to saliva. In addition, we show that aggregates present within saliva retain relevant structural information, further expanding the potential utility of saliva-based diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Furlepa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Yu P Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Evgeniia Lobanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lakmini Kahanawita
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy Research Unit-Integrated Research Centre (PRABB), Campus Biomedico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Lawton M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Gkatzionis A, Hu MT, Grosset D, Tilling K. Two sample Mendelian Randomisation using an outcome from a multilevel model of disease progression. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:521-533. [PMID: 38281297 PMCID: PMC11219432 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Identifying factors that are causes of disease progression, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, is of considerable interest. Disease progression can be described as a trajectory of outcome over time-for example, a linear trajectory having both an intercept (severity at time zero) and a slope (rate of change). A technique for identifying causal relationships between one exposure and one outcome in observational data whilst avoiding bias due to confounding is two sample Mendelian Randomisation (2SMR). We consider a multivariate approach to 2SMR using a multilevel model for disease progression to estimate the causal effect an exposure has on the intercept and slope. We carry out a simulation study comparing a naïve univariate 2SMR approach to a multivariate 2SMR approach with one exposure that effects both the intercept and slope of an outcome that changes linearly with time since diagnosis. The simulation study results, across six different scenarios, for both approaches were similar with no evidence against a non-zero bias and appropriate coverage of the 95% confidence intervals (for intercept 93.4-96.2% and the slope 94.5-96.0%). The multivariate approach gives a better joint coverage of both the intercept and slope effects. We also apply our method to two Parkinson's cohorts to examine the effect body mass index has on disease progression. There was no strong evidence that BMI affects disease progression, however the confidence intervals for both intercept and slope were wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Apostolos Gkatzionis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Donald Grosset
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Yoon SY, Heo SJ, Kim YW, Lee SC, Shin J, Lee JW. Depressive Symptoms and the Subsequent Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:339-348. [PMID: 37953133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only a few studies have focused on depressive symptoms and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. As a time lag exists from the onset of depressive symptoms to the diagnosis of depression, elucidating the association between depressive symptoms and PD development might be helpful for the early prediction of PD. We investigate the association between depressive symptoms and subsequent PD risk using nationwide population-based cohort database. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service data between 2007 and 2017, with longitudinal follow-up until 2019. PARTICIPANTS A total of 98,296 elderly people responded to a self-reported questionnaire from the National Health Screening Program on depressive symptoms. MEASUREMENTS The association between depressive symptoms such as 1) decreased activity or motivation, 2) worthlessness, and 3) hopelessness and PD risk was analyzed. RESULTS During median 5.06-year follow-up, 839 PD cases occurred: 230 in individuals with depressive symptoms and 609 in those without symptoms. Results showed an increased risk of PD development in those with depressive symptoms (HR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.26-1.71), with dose-response association between the number of depressive symptoms and PD risk. Even in those already diagnosed with depression, combined depressive symptoms were linked to a higher risk compared to those without symptoms (with symptoms, HR = 2.71, 95% CI, 2.00-3.68; without symptoms, HR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.43-2.36). CONCLUSION Individuals with depressive symptoms were at an increased risk of developing PD, and there was a dose-response association between the number of depressive symptoms and PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Yoon
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (SYY, YWK, SCL), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing (SJH), Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (SYY, YWK, SCL), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (SYY, YWK, SCL), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (JS), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (JWL), National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Wawrziczny E, Flinois B, Constant E, Brugallé E, Sokolowski C, Manceau C, Baille G, Defebvre L, Dujardin K, Antoine P. Dealing with the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and its implications for couple functioning in the early stage: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294240. [PMID: 38381728 PMCID: PMC10880977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For couples facing Parkinson's disease, marital relationships are significantly impacted, even at the early stages of the disease. However, very few studies have explicitly explored the functioning of the couple and how both partners deal with Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and strategies of couples facing Parkinson's disease in the early stage using dyadic interpretative phenomenological analysis. METHODS Fifteen couples agreed to participate in the study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with each partner separately regarding his or her individual experience with Parkinson's disease, the couple's history, the impact of the diagnosis on the functioning of the couple, and his or her projections for the future. RESULTS Three higher-order themes emerged from the analyses. The first theme, "Being tested by the diagnosis", highlights 4 dyadic configurations according to the individual's and the couple's capacity for adjustment following the diagnosis: "noncongruent", "collapsed", "relieved" and "avoidant". The second theme, "Talking about everything except the disease", underlines that communication about the disease is often avoided both within the couple and with relatives to protect the persons with Parkinson's disease or respect their wishes. The third theme, "Supporting each other", describes the different levels of harmony between the two partners in the management of daily life and symptoms and their relational impacts. CONCLUSION These results allow us to better understand the experiences of both partners and to highlight the importance of promoting better acceptance of the diagnosis by persons with Parkinson's disease to allow better communication between partners and with relatives. Such support prevents disease-specific distress and facilitates better adjustment in the later stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wawrziczny
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | | | - Emilie Constant
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Brugallé
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Céline Sokolowski
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Manceau
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | | | - Luc Defebvre
- Regional and University Hospital Centre of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Regional and University Hospital Centre of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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Silva RH, Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DG, Becegato M, Ribeiro AM, Santos JR. Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38391730 PMCID: PMC10887213 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease's etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - M Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana 49500-000, SE, Brazil
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Savoie FA, Arpin DJ, Vaillancourt DE. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Imaging of Parkinsonian Disorders: Where do we go from here? Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1583-1605. [PMID: 37533246 PMCID: PMC11284713 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230801140648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian disorders are a heterogeneous group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that significantly reduce quality of life and constitute a substantial economic burden. Nuclear imaging (NI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played and continue to play a key role in research aimed at understanding and monitoring these disorders. MRI is cheaper, more accessible, nonirradiating, and better at measuring biological structures and hemodynamics than NI. NI, on the other hand, can track molecular processes, which may be crucial for the development of efficient diseasemodifying therapies. Given the strengths and weaknesses of NI and MRI, how can they best be applied to Parkinsonism research going forward? This review aims to examine the effectiveness of NI and MRI in three areas of Parkinsonism research (differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring) to highlight where they can be most impactful. Based on the available literature, MRI can assist with differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring as well as NI. However, more work is needed, to confirm the value of MRI for monitoring prodromal disease and predicting phenoconversion. Although NI can complement or be a substitute for MRI in all the areas covered in this review, we believe that its most meaningful impact will emerge once reliable Parkinsonian proteinopathy tracers become available. Future work in tracer development and high-field imaging will continue to influence the landscape for NI and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Savoie
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J. Arpin
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David E. Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Neufeld LM, Ho E, Obeid R, Tzoulis C, Green M, Huber LG, Stout M, Griffiths JC. Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1-16. [PMID: 38015211 PMCID: PMC10684707 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Populations in crisis!A global overview of health challenges and policy efforts within the scope of current nutrition issues, from persistent forms of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, to diet-related chronic diseases. Nutrition science has evolved from a therapeutic and prevention emphasis to include a focus on diets and food systems. Working and consensus definitions are needed, as well as guidance related to healthy diets and the emerging issues that require further research and consensus building. Between nutrient deficiency and chronic disease, nutrition has evolved from focusing exclusively on the extremes of overt nutrient deficiency and chronic disease prevention, to equipping bodies with the ability to cope with physiologic, metabolic, and psychological stress. Just what is 'optimal nutrition', is that a valid public health goal, and what terminology is being provided by the nutrition science community? Nutrition research on 'healthspan', resilience, and intrinsic capacity may provide evidence to support optimal nutrition. Finally, experts provide views on ongoing challenges of achieving consensus or acceptance of the various definitions and interventions for health promotion, and how these can inform government health policies.Nutrition topics that receive particular focus in these proceedings include choline, NAD-replenishment in neurodegenerative diseases, and xanthophyll carotenoids. Choline is a crucial nutrient essential for cellular metabolism, requiring consumption from foods or supplements due to inadequate endogenous synthesis. Maternal choline intake is vital for fetal and infant development to prevent neural tube defects. Neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing health challenge, lacking effective therapies. Nutrition, including NAD-replenishing nutrients, might aid prevention. Emerging research indicates xanthophyll carotenoids enhance vision and cognition, potentially impacting age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M Neufeld
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marina Green
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Luke G Huber
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
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Huh E, Choi JG, Choi Y, Ju IG, Kim B, Shin YJ, An JM, Park MG, Yim SV, Chung SJ, Seo SU, Kim D, Kim CH, Kim DH, Oh MS. P. mirabilis-derived pore-forming haemolysin, HpmA drives intestinal alpha-synuclein aggregation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104887. [PMID: 37995468 PMCID: PMC10709029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggesting the importance of the gut-microbiome in intestinal aggregated alpha synuclein (α-syn) have led to the exploration of the possible role of the gut-brain axis in central nervous system degeneration. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, has been linked to brain neurodegeneration in animal studies. We hypothesised that P. mirabilis-derived virulence factors aggregate intestinal α-synuclein and could prompt the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the brain. METHODS We used vagotomised- and antibiotic-treated male murine models to determine the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis during brain neurodegeneration. The neurodegenerative factor that is driven by P. mirabilis was determined using genetically mutated P. mirabilis. The pathological functions and interactions of the virulence factors were determined in vitro. FINDINGS The results showed that P. mirabilis-induced motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration are regulated by intestinal α-syn aggregation in vagotomised- or antibiotic-treated murine models. We deduced that the specific virulence factor, haemolysin A (HpmA), plays a role in the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis. HpmA is involved in α-synuclein oligomerisation and membrane pore formation, resulting in the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy signalling in intestinal neuroendocrine cells. INTERPRETATION Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that HpmA can interact with α-syn and act as a possible indicator of brain neurodegenerative diseases that are induced by P. mirabilis. FUNDING This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Park
- MetaCen Therapeutics Inc. R&D Center, 256 Changryongdae-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 155 Hwasu-ro, Deokyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10475, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hyung Kim
- Paean Biotechnology, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Lenka A, Louis ED. Developing a Staging Scheme for Essential Tremor: A Discussion of Organizing Principles. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 37954035 PMCID: PMC10637291 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that may negatively affect patients' lives. While there has been considerable progress in ET research, some fundamental issues remain unaddressed. One such issue is disease staging. Staging schemes have inherent value and are part of the dialogue that clinicians have with other movement disorders patients. We highlight the value of and challenges with developing a staging system for ET and organize a discussion around the potential steps in developing such a system. Diseases for which there are staging schemes generally have a number of shared characteristics. ET has numerous features that would lend themselves to a staging scheme: emerging evidence supporting the existence of a premotor phase of disease, insidious onset, progressive worsening of arm tremor, spread of tremor to other body regions, the observation that patients seem to be at increased risk for other conditions within the same organ (i.e., emergence of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease in excessive numbers of ET patients), pathological changes in the cerebellum whose evolution can be ordered from (i) those that compromise the physical integrity and physiological function of Purkinje cells, (ii) subsequent changes that are reparative and regenerative, and (iii) eventual cell death. Challenges to formulating a staging scheme are the absence of both a biological marker and an "end stage" of disease. The sum of combined evidence suggests that a staging scheme would be of value. We provide initial thoughts as to how to begin to structure such a staging scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lenka
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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Wilke MVMB, Poswar F, Borelli WV, Michelin Tirelli K, Randon DN, Lopes FF, Pasetto FB, Sebastião FM, Iop GD, Faqueti L, da Silva LA, Kubaski F, Schuh AFS, Giugliani R, Schwartz IVD. Follow-up of pre-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in adult patients with Gaucher disease type 1 and analysis of their lysosomal enzyme profiles in the CSF. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:309. [PMID: 37784132 PMCID: PMC10546662 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Its classic motor symptoms may be preceded by non-motor symptoms (NMS). Population studies have identified GBA variants as risk factors for idiopathic PD. The increased risk of PD has also been suggested in other Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). OBJECTIVE To assess the evolution of the prevalence of NMS compatible with PD in a cohort of South Brazilian adult patients with Gaucher Disease (GD) type 1, already evaluated 3 years ago (2018). Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) was collected to assess the levels of LSD enzymes (beta-hexosaminidases, beta-glucuronidase) and biomarker of macrophage activation (chitotriosidase, ChT), compared to controls (metachromatic leukodystrophy, MLD). Cognition was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire, daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), depression by Beck´s Inventory, constipation by the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) scale, and REM sleep behavior disorder by the single-question screen. Hyposmia was assessed with Sniffin' Sticks (SST). RESULTS Nineteen patients completed the follow-up (mean age of the sample was 44 years; range, 26-71). The patient with the highest number of NMS at the baseline (4 including the lowest SST score) was diagnosed with PD four years later. Apart from an improvement in the ESS score, no other statistical significance was found between the number of NMS between the first and second evaluation, nor between patients with one L444P variant (n = 5) and the rest of the cohort. CSF was collected in five patients (mean age of the sample was 40 years, range 30-53. A significant difference was found in the mean CSF activity levels of beta-hexosaminidases and beta-glucuronidase between GD1 and MLD patients. Mean ChT (CSF) was 62 nmol/h/mL in GD patients and 142 in MLD (n = 6) patients. CONCLUSIONS The patient with the highest number of NMS in our 2018 cohort was the one that developed PD, corroborating with the importance of this longitudinal follow-up. CSF and plasma analysis might allow a better understanding of the neurodegenerative processes connecting PD and the lysosomal environment. Further analysis is needed to understand this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Vernet Machado Bressan Wilke
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2350, 3Rd Floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2350, 3Rd Floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wyllians Vendramini Borelli
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics research program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kristiane Michelin Tirelli
- LEIM- Genetics Laboratory - Serviço de Genética Médica, Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Franciele Fátima Lopes
- LEIM- Genetics Laboratory - Serviço de Genética Médica, Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bender Pasetto
- LEIM- Genetics Laboratory - Serviço de Genética Médica, Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Medeiros Sebastião
- LEIM- Genetics Laboratory - Serviço de Genética Médica, Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Francyne Kubaski
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Artur Francisco Schumacher Schuh
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- BRAIN Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2350, 3Rd Floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- BRAIN Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Skaramagkas V, Boura I, Spanaki C, Michou E, Karamanis G, Kefalopoulou Z, Tsiknakis M. Detecting Minor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in the Wild Using Bi-LSTM with Attention Mechanism. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7850. [PMID: 37765907 PMCID: PMC10535804 DOI: 10.3390/s23187850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor impairment with various implications on patients' quality of life. Since currently available therapies are only symptomatic, identifying individuals with prodromal, preclinical, or early-stage PD is crucial, as they would be ideal candidates for future disease-modifying therapies. Our analysis aims to develop a robust model for accurate PD detection using accelerometer data collected from PD and non-PD individuals with mild or no tremor during phone conversations. An open-access dataset comprising accelerometer recordings from 22 PD patients and 11 healthy controls (HCs) was utilized. The data were preprocessed to extract relevant time-, frequency-, and energy-related features, and a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model with attention mechanism was employed for classification. The performance of the model was evaluated using fivefold cross-validation, and metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and f1-score were computed. The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy (98%), precision (99%), recall (98%), specificity (96%), and f1-score (98%) in accurately distinguishing PD patients from HCs. Our findings indicate that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches and holds promise for detection of PD with subtle symptoms, like tremor, in the wild. Such symptoms can present in the early or even prodromal stage of the disease, and appropriate mobile-based applications may be a practical tool in real-life settings to alert individuals at risk to seek medical assistance or give patients feedback in monitoring their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Skaramagkas
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-710 04 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Iro Boura
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-710 03 Heraklion, Greece; (I.B.); (C.S.)
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Cleanthi Spanaki
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-710 03 Heraklion, Greece; (I.B.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, GR-715 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emilia Michou
- School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Patras, GR-265 04 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgios Karamanis
- Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, GR-264 04 Patras, Greece; (G.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zinovia Kefalopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Patras University Hospital, GR-264 04 Patras, Greece; (G.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Manolis Tsiknakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-710 04 Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Townsend B, Legere JK, von Mohrenschildt M, Shedden JM. Stimulus Onset Asynchrony Affects Weighting-related Event-related Spectral Power in Self-motion Perception. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1092-1107. [PMID: 37043240 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-motion perception relies primarily on the integration of the visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory systems. There is a gap in understanding how a temporal lag between visual and vestibular motion cues affects visual-vestibular weighting during self-motion perception. The beta band is an index of visual-vestibular weighting, in that robust beta event-related synchronization (ERS) is associated with visual weighting bias, and robust beta event-related desynchronization is associated with vestibular weighting bias. The present study examined modulation of event-related spectral power during a heading judgment task in which participants attended to either visual (optic flow) or physical (inertial cues stimulating the vestibular, proprioceptive and somatosensory systems) motion cues from a motion simulator mounted on a MOOG Stewart Platform. The temporal lag between the onset of visual and physical motion cues was manipulated to produce three lag conditions: simultaneous onset, visual before physical motion onset, and physical before visual motion onset. There were two main findings. First, we demonstrated that when the attended motion cue was presented before an ignored cue, the power of beta associated with the attended modality was greater than when visual-vestibular cues were presented simultaneously or when the ignored cue was presented first. This was the case for beta ERS when the visual-motion cue was attended to, and beta event-related desynchronization when the physical-motion cue was attended to. Second, we tested whether the power of feature-binding gamma ERS (demonstrated in audiovisual and visual-tactile integration studies) increased when the visual-vestibular cues were presented simultaneously versus with temporal asynchrony. We did not observe an increase in gamma ERS when cues were presented simultaneously, suggesting that electrophysiological markers of visual-vestibular binding differ from markers of audiovisual and visual-tactile integration. All event-related spectral power reported in this study were generated from dipoles projecting from the left and right motor areas, based on the results of Measure Projection Analysis.
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14
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Zhou J, Li J, Papaneri AB, Cui G. AJ76 and UH232 as potential agents for diagnosing early-stage Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109397. [PMID: 36623805 PMCID: PMC9901527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that the "Dopamine Neuron Challenge Test" (DNC Test), a diagnostic method that measures the levels of dopamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples after pharmacologically inducing a transient dopamine release, can detect early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) with high sensitivity and selectivity in mouse models. The use of haloperidol in the original DNC test to challenge dopamine neurons was less than ideal, as it may cause extrapyramidal motor symptoms. Here we report an improved DNC Test, in which the original challenging agents, haloperidol and methylphenidate, are replaced by a single challenging agent, a dopamine autoreceptor preferring antagonist AJ76 or UH232. We show that the improved DNC Test can achieve the same level of sensitivity and selectivity in detecting early PD in a mouse model without causing motor side effects. These findings significantly improve the practicality of using the DNC Test as a screening or diagnostic test for detecting early-stage PD in the high-risk population in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingheng Zhou
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jicheng Li
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Amy B Papaneri
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Guohong Cui
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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15
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Baisgaard AE, Koldby KM, Kristensen TN, Nyegaard M, Rohde PD. Functionally Validating Evolutionary Conserved Risk Genes for Parkinson's Disease in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2023; 14:168. [PMID: 36835737 PMCID: PMC9958964 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous and complex neurodegenerative disorder and large-scale genetic studies have identified >130 genes associated with PD. Although genomic studies have been decisive for our understanding of the genetic contributions underlying PD, these associations remain as statistical associations. Lack of functional validation limits the biological interpretation; however, it is labour extensive, expensive, and time consuming. Therefore, the ideal biological system for functionally validating genetic findings must be simple. The study aim was to assess systematically evolutionary conserved PD-associated genes using Drosophila melanogaster. From a literature review, a total of 136 genes have found to be associated with PD in GWAS studies, of which 11 are strongly evolutionary conserved between Homo sapiens and D. melanogaster. By ubiquitous gene expression knockdown of the PD-genes in D. melanogaster, the flies' escape response was investigated by assessing their negative geotaxis response, a phenotype that has previously been used to investigate PD in D. melanogaster. Gene expression knockdown was successful in 9/11 lines, and phenotypic consequences were observed in 8/9 lines. The results provide evidence that genetically modifying expression levels of PD genes in D. melanogaster caused reduced climbing ability of the flies, potentially supporting their role in dysfunctional locomotion, a hallmark of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Elton Baisgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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16
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Rayff da Silva P, de Andrade JC, de Sousa NF, Portela ACR, Oliveira Pires HF, Remígio MCRB, da Nóbrega Alves D, de Andrade HHN, Dias AL, Salvadori MGDSS, de Oliveira Golzio AMF, de Castro RD, Scotti MT, Felipe CFB, de Almeida RN, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Linalool and Citronellal Derivatives Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disorders: A Review with Experimental Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:842-866. [PMID: 36809939 PMCID: PMC10227923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms. This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer's and anti-Parkinson's activity of linalool and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cabral de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Ribeiro Portela
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes Oliveira Pires
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Caroline Rodrigues Bezerra Remígio
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Humberto Hugo Nunes de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Arthur Lins Dias
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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17
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Emery DC, Davies M, Cerajewska TL, Taylor J, Hazell M, Paterson A, Allen-Birt SJ, West NX. High resolution 16S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing study of brain areas associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1026260. [PMID: 36570533 PMCID: PMC9780557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1026260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by incremental deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein in AD and PD brain, respectively, in relatively conserved patterns. Both are associated with neuroinflammation, with a proposed microbial component for disease initiation and/or progression. Notably, Aβ and α-synuclein have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. There is evidence for bacterial presence within the brain, including the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis, with cognitive impairment and brain pathology being linked to periodontal (gum) disease and gut dysbiosis. Methods Here, we use high resolution 16S rRNA PCR-based Next Generation Sequencing (16SNGS) to characterize bacterial composition in brain areas associated with the early, intermediate and late-stage of the diseases. Results and discussion This study reveals the widespread presence of bacteria in areas of the brain associated with AD and PD pathology, with distinctly different bacterial profiles in blood and brain. Brain area profiles were overall somewhat similar, predominantly oral, with some bacteria subgingival and oronasal in origin, and relatively comparable profiles in AD and PD brain. However, brain areas associated with early disease development, such as the locus coeruleus, were substantially different in bacterial DNA content compared to areas affected later in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mae Hazell
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Paterson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Genomics Facility, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen-Birt
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Nicola X. West,
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18
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Li J, Mestre TA, Mollenhauer B, Frasier M, Tomlinson JJ, Trenkwalder C, Ramsay T, Manuel D, Schlossmacher MG. Evaluation of the PREDIGT score’s performance in identifying newly diagnosed Parkinson’s patients without motor examination. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 35906250 PMCID: PMC9338052 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent publications described algorithms to identify subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In creating the “PREDIGT Score”, we previously developed a hypothesis-driven, simple-to-use formula to potentially calculate the incidence of PD. Here, we tested its performance in the ‘De Novo Parkinson Study’ (DeNoPa) and ‘Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative’ (PPMI); the latter included participants from the ‘FOllow Up persons with Neurologic Disease’ (FOUND) cohort. Baseline data from 563 newly diagnosed PD patients and 306 healthy control subjects were evaluated. Based on 13 variables, the original PREDIGT Score identified recently diagnosed PD patients in the DeNoPa, PPMI + FOUND and the pooled cohorts with area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.88 (95% CI 0.83–0.92), 0.79 (95% CI 0.72–0.85), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.8–0.88), respectively. A simplified version (8 variables) generated AUC values of 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.95), 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87), and 0.87 (0.84–0.89) in the DeNoPa, PPMI, and the pooled cohorts, respectively. In a two-step, screening-type approach, self-reported answers to a questionnaire (step 1) distinguished PD patients from controls with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.86). Adding a single, objective test (Step 2) further improved classification. Among seven biological markers explored, hyposmia was the most informative. The composite AUC value measured 0.9 (95% CI 0.88–0.91) in DeNoPa and 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) in PPMI. These results reveal a robust performance of the original PREDIGT Score to distinguish newly diagnosed PD patients from controls in two established cohorts. We also demonstrate the formula’s potential applicability to enriching for PD subjects in a population screening-type approach.
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Park YH, Suh JH, Kim YW, Kang DR, Shin J, Yang SN, Yoon SY. Machine learning based risk prediction for Parkinson's disease with nationwide health screening data. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19499. [PMID: 36376523 PMCID: PMC9663430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted on machine learning (ML) models for Parkinson's disease (PD) prediction using neuroimaging and movement analyses, studies with large population-based datasets are limited. We aimed to propose PD prediction models using ML algorithms based on the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening datasets. We selected individuals who participated in national health-screening programs > 5 times between 2002 and 2015. PD was defined based on the ICD-code (G20), and a matched cohort of individuals without PD was selected using a 1:1 random sampling method. Various ML algorithms were applied for PD prediction, and the performance of the prediction models was compared. Neural networks, gradient boosting machines, and random forest algorithms exhibited the best average prediction accuracy (average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.779, 0.766, and 0.731, respectively) among the algorithms validated in this study. The overall model performance metrics were higher in men than in women (AUC: 0.742 and 0.729, respectively). The most important factor for predicting PD occurrence was body mass index, followed by total cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, and blood pressure levels. Smoking and alcohol consumption (in men) and socioeconomic status, physical activity, and diabetes mellitus (in women) were highly correlated with the occurrence of PD. The proposed health-screening dataset-based PD prediction model using ML algorithms is readily applicable, produces validated results, and could be a useful option for PD prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hyun Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Suh
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Precision Medicine & Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Nam Yang
- grid.411134.20000 0004 0474 0479Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- grid.411134.20000 0004 0474 0479Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
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20
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Periñán MT, Brolin K, Bandres‐Ciga S, Blauwendraat C, Klein C, Gan‐Or Z, Singleton A, Gomez‐Garre P, Swanberg M, Mir P, Noyce A. Effect Modification between Genes and Environment and Parkinson's Disease Risk. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:715-724. [PMID: 35913124 PMCID: PMC9588606 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to its etiology. Remarkable progress has been made in deciphering disease etiology through genetic approaches, but there is limited data about how environmental and genetic factors interact to modify penetrance, risk, and disease severity. Here, we provide insights into environmental modifiers of PD, discussing precedents from other neurological and non-neurological conditions. Based on these examples, we outline genetic and environmental factors contributing to PD and review potential environmental modifiers of penetrance and clinical variability in monogenic and idiopathic PD. We also highlight the potential challenges and propose how future studies might tackle these important questions. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:715-724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Periñán
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de SevillaHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaMadridSpain
| | - Kajsa Brolin
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Sara Bandres‐Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics and Department of NeurologyUniversity of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
| | - Ziv Gan‐Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute‐Hospital)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada,Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada,Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Pilar Gomez‐Garre
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de SevillaHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaMadridSpain
| | - Maria Swanberg
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de SevillaHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaMadridSpain
| | - Alastair Noyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK,Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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21
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Rahman MM, Wang X, Islam MR, Akash S, Supti FA, Mitu MI, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Aktar MN, Khatun Kali MS, Jahan FI, Singla RK, Shen B, Rauf A, Sharma R. Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: At a glance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976385. [PMID: 36299886 PMCID: PMC9590378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural substances originating from plants have long been used to treat neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Parkinson's disease (PD) is a ND. The deterioration and subsequent cognitive impairments of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons distinguish by this characteristic. Various pathogenic mechanisms and critical components have been reported, despite the fact that the origin is unknown, such as protein aggregation, iron buildup, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Anti-Parkinson drugs like dopamine (DA) agonists, levodopa, carbidopa, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and anticholinergics are used to replace DA in the current treatment model. Surgery is advised in cases where drug therapy is ineffective. Unfortunately, the current conventional treatments for PD have a number of harmful side effects and are expensive. As a result, new therapeutic strategies that control the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal death and dysfunction must be addressed. Natural resources have long been a useful source of possible treatments. PD can be treated with a variety of natural therapies made from medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables. In addition to their well-known anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities, these natural products also play inhibitory roles in iron buildup, protein misfolding, the maintenance of proteasomal breakdown, mitochondrial homeostasis, and other neuroprotective processes. The goal of this research is to systematically characterize the currently available medications for Parkinson's and their therapeutic effects, which target diverse pathways. Overall, this analysis looks at the kinds of natural things that could be used in the future to treat PD in new ways or as supplements to existing treatments. We looked at the medicinal plants that can be used to treat PD. The use of natural remedies, especially those derived from plants, to treat PD has been on the rise. This article examines the fundamental characteristics of medicinal plants and the bioactive substances found in them that may be utilized to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohona Islam Mitu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Nazmin Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Sumaiya Khatun Kali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Abstract
The global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the current consensus on the existence of a prediagnostic phase of PD, which can be divided into a preclinical stage and a prodromal stage, we can better define the risk markers and prodromal markers of PD in the broader context of PD pathogenesis. Here, we review this pathogenetic process, and discuss the evidence behind various heritability factors, exposure to pesticides and farming, high dairy consumption, and traumatic brain injuries that have been known to raise PD risk. Physical activity, early active lifestyle, high serum uric acid, caffeine consumption, exposure to tobacco, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers, as well as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets are observed to lower PD risk. This knowledge, when combined with ways to identify at-risk populations and early prodromal PD patients, can help the clinician make practical recommendations. Most importantly, it helps us set the parameters for epidemiological studies and create the paradigms for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Rajan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnie Kaas
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Jagaran K, Singh M. Lipid Nanoparticles: Promising Treatment Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169361. [PMID: 36012619 PMCID: PMC9408920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a life-altering, debilitating disease exhibiting a severe physical, psychological, and financial burden on patients. Globally, approximately 7–10 million people are afflicted with this disease, with the number of cases estimated to increase to 12.9 million by 2040. PD is a progressive movement disorder with nonmotor symptoms, including insomnia, depression, anxiety, and anosmia. While current therapeutics are available to PD patients, this treatment remains palliative, necessitating alternative treatment approaches. A major hurdle in treating PD is the protective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and its ability to limit access to foreign molecules, including therapeutics. Drugs utilized presently are nonspecific and administered at dosages that result in numerous adverse side effects. Nanomedicine has emerged as a potential strategy for treating many diseases. From the array of nanomaterials available, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess various advantages, including enhanced permeability to the brain via passive diffusion and specific and nonspecific transporters. Their bioavailability, nontoxic nature, ability to be conjugated to drugs, and targeting moieties catapult LNPs as a promising therapeutic nanocarriers for PD. While PD-related studies are limited, their potential as therapeutics is evident in their formulations as vaccines. This review is aimed at examining the roles and properties of LNPs that make them efficient therapeutic nanodelivery vehicles for the treatment of PD, including therapeutic advances made to date.
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24
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Wearable sensor device-based detection of decreased heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1299-1306. [PMID: 35835890 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evidence that heart rate variability (HRV) decreases during early Parkinson's disease (PD) largely depends on electrocardiogram data. In this study, we examined HRV in PD using wearable sensors and assessed various evaluation methods for detecting disease-related alterations. We evaluated 27 patients with PD and 23 disease controls. The wearable sensors POLAR V800 HR and POLAR H10 were used for the HRV measurements. The participants wore the two sensors for approximately 24 h, and long-term HRV data were acquired. We analyzed the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVRR) for every 100 consecutive beats. Focusing on the fluctuation of SDNN and CVRR, we extracted the minimum, first decile, first quartile, and median values of SDNN and CVRR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each HRV parameter was calculated to differentiate PD from the disease controls. The minimum values of SDNN and CVRR had the highest AUC (SDNN: AUC 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.96; CVRR: AUC 0.90, CI 0.76-0.96) among the evaluation methods tested. The minimum values of SDNN and CVRR were significantly decreased in PD (SDNN: 9.5 ± 4.0 ms vs. 4.4 ± 2.0 ms, p < 0.0001; CVRR: 1.15 ± 0.33% vs. 0.65 ± 0.24%, p < 0.0001). We detected decreased HRV in PD using wearable sensors. Analyzing the minimum values of the HRV parameter in long-term recordings appears to be appropriate for detecting the decrease in HRV in PD.
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25
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The emerging postural instability phenotype in idiopathic Parkinson disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:28. [PMID: 35304493 PMCID: PMC8933561 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of individuals at high risk for rapid progression of motor and cognitive signs in Parkinson disease (PD) is clinically significant. Postural instability and gait dysfunction (PIGD) are associated with greater motor and cognitive deterioration. We examined the relationship between baseline clinical factors and the development of postural instability using 5-year longitudinal de-novo idiopathic data (n = 301) from the Parkinson’s Progressive Markers Initiative (PPMI). Logistic regression analysis revealed baseline features associated with future postural instability, and we designated this cohort the emerging postural instability (ePI) phenotype. We evaluated the resulting ePI phenotype rating scale validity in two held-out populations which showed a significantly higher risk of postural instability. Emerging PI phenotype was identified before onset of postural instability in 289 of 301 paired comparisons, with a median progression time of 972 days. Baseline cognitive performance was similar but declined more rapidly in ePI phenotype. We provide an ePI phenotype rating scale (ePIRS) for evaluation of individual risk at baseline for progression to postural instability.
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26
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Alzghool OM, van Dongen G, van de Giessen E, Schoonmade L, Beaino W. α-Synuclein Radiotracer Development and In Vivo Imaging: Recent Advancements and New Perspectives. Mov Disord 2022; 37:936-948. [PMID: 35289424 PMCID: PMC9310945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies including idiopathic Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple systems atrophy share overlapping symptoms and pathological hallmarks. Selective neurodegeneration and Lewy pathology are the main hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies. Currently, there is no imaging biomarker suitable for a definitive early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathies. Although dopaminergic deficits detected with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers can support clinical diagnosis by confirming the presence of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, dopaminergic imaging cannot visualize the preceding disease process, nor distinguish α-synucleinopathies from tauopathies with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, especially at early symptomatic disease stage when clinical presentation is often overlapping. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) could be a suitable imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, because αSyn aggregation and therefore, Lewy pathology is evidently an early driver of α-synucleinopathies pathogenesis. Additionally, several antibodies and small molecule compounds targeting aggregated αSyn are in development for therapy. However, there is no way to directly measure if or how much they lower the levels of aggregated αSyn in the brain. There is clearly a paramount diagnostic and therapeutic unmet medical need. To date, aggregated αSyn and Lewy pathology inclusion bodies cannot be assessed ante-mortem with SPECT or PET imaging because of the suboptimal binding characteristics and/or physicochemical properties of current radiotracers. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the suitability of aggregated αSyn as an imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, the current limitations with and lessons learned from αSyn radiotracer development, and finally to propose antibody-based ligands for imaging αSyn aggregates as a complementary tool rather than an alternative to small molecule ligands. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guus van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Rogers CC, Pope S, Whitfield F, Cohn WF, Valdez RS. The lived experience during the peri-diagnostic period of breast cancer: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:547-585. [PMID: 34210570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the existing research that investigates the lived experience during the peri-diagnostic period of breast cancer. METHODS Nine databases were searched for relevant literature between January 2007 and April 2019. Data were extracted and categorized using deductive and inductive approaches. RESULTS A majority of the 66 studies included used qualitative methods to retrospectively explore the treatment decision making process of female breast cancer patients. Patients experienced uncertainty, emotional distress, and a need for more information from providers and relied on social support and family guidance during this period. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review show that the burdens experienced during the peri-diagnostic period parallel those in later periods of cancer care. However, these burdens are prompted by different circumstances. More research is needed to explore the lived experience during this period through the use of mixed-methods and by recruiting a diverse sample with regards to role in the breast cancer experience, age, gender, race, and ethnicity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Interventions positioned at earlier points in the breast cancer experience should provide informational support, which could be delivered through shared decision making models. Additional support could be facilitated by patient navigation programs and health information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Rogers
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shannon Pope
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Francesca Whitfield
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wendy F Cohn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rupa S Valdez
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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28
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Arten TL, Hamdan AC. NExecutive functions and memory in Parkinson's disease patients with Deep Brain Stimulation. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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29
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Tarnanas I, Vlamos P, Harms DR. Can detection and prediction models for Alzheimer's Disease be applied to Prodromal Parkinson's Disease using explainable artificial intelligence? A brief report on Digital Neuro Signatures. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:146. [PMID: 37645162 PMCID: PMC10445877 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14216.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegeneration and has a prediagnostic phase with a lot of challenges to identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers for those in the earliest stages or those 'at risk'. Despite the current research effort, further progress in this field hinges on the more effective application of digital biomarker and artificial intelligence applications at the prediagnostic stages of PD. It is of the highest importance to stratify such prediagnostic subjects that seem to have the most neuroprotective benefit from drugs. However, current initiatives to identify individuals at risk or in the earliest stages that might be candidates for future clinical trials are still challenging due to the limited accuracy and explainability of existing prediagnostic detection and progression prediction solutions. In this brief paper, we report on a novel digital neuro signature (DNS) for prodromal-PD based on selected digital biomarkers previously discovered on preclinical Alzheimer's disease. (AD). Our preliminary results demonstrated a standard DNS signature for both preclinical AD and prodromal PD, containing a ranked selection of features. This novel DNS signature was rapidly repurposed out of 793 digital biomarker features and selected the top 20 digital biomarkers that are predictive and could detect both the biological signature of preclinical AD and the biological mechanism of a-synucleinopathy in prodromal PD. The resulting model can provide physicians with a pool of patients potentially eligible for therapy and comes along with information about the importance of the digital biomarkers that are predictive, based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Similar initiatives could clarify the stage before and around diagnosis, enabling the field to push into unchartered territory at the earliest stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Vlamos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory (BiHELab), Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 7 Tsirigoti Square, Corfu, Greece
| | | | - The RADAR-AD Consortium
- Altoida Inc., Washington DC, Washington, DC (DC), 20003, USA
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory (BiHELab), Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 7 Tsirigoti Square, Corfu, Greece
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30
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Krokidis MG, Dimitrakopoulos GN, Vrahatis AG, Tzouvelekis C, Drakoulis D, Papavassileiou F, Exarchos TP, Vlamos P. A Sensor-Based Perspective in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: Current State and the Need for Machine Learning Processes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:409. [PMID: 35062370 PMCID: PMC8777583 DOI: 10.3390/s22020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, lack of dopamine and the formation of abnormal Lewy body protein particles. PD is an idiopathic disease of the nervous system, characterized by motor and nonmotor manifestations without a discrete onset of symptoms until a substantial loss of neurons has already occurred, enabling early diagnosis very challenging. Sensor-based platforms have gained much attention in clinical practice screening various biological signals simultaneously and allowing researchers to quickly receive a huge number of biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The integration of machine learning into medical systems provides the potential for optimization of data collection, disease prediction through classification of symptoms and can strongly support data-driven clinical decisions. This work attempts to examine some of the facts and current situation of sensor-based approaches in PD diagnosis and discusses ensemble techniques using sensor-based data for developing machine learning models for personalized risk prediction. Additionally, a biosensing platform combined with clinical data processing and appropriate software is proposed in order to implement a complete diagnostic system for PD monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
| | - Georgios N. Dimitrakopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
| | - Aristidis G. Vrahatis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
| | - Christos Tzouvelekis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
| | | | | | - Themis P. Exarchos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
| | - Panayiotis Vlamos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (M.G.K.); (A.G.V.); (C.T.); (T.P.E.)
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31
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Zhou J, Li J, Papaneri AB, Kobzar NP, Cui G. Dopamine Neuron Challenge Test for early detection of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:116. [PMID: 34916526 PMCID: PMC8677804 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) before the clinical onset proves difficult because the hallmark PD symptoms do not manifest until more than 60% of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta have been lost. Here we show that, by evoking a transient dopamine release and subsequently measuring the levels of dopamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, a hypodopaminergic state can be revealed when less than 30% of dopamine neurons are lost in mouse PD models. These findings may lead to sensitive and practical screening and diagnostic tests for detecting early PD in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingheng Zhou
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jicheng Li
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Amy B Papaneri
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Nicholas P Kobzar
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Guohong Cui
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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AwadAllah Elgnainy A, Hamed MI, Osman Mohamed W, Sabri NA. Investigation of the Possible Correlation between Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Egyptian Patients: A Pilot Study. Neurol Res Int 2021; 2021:2838669. [PMID: 34804608 PMCID: PMC8604607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2838669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the diabetes-Parkinson's disease (PD) linkage. METHODS The investigators recorded the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) score for 60 diabetic patients: 30 patients were treated with metformin-inclusive sulfonylurea and 30 patients were treated with sulphonylurea(s) monotherapy and matched with 30 controls. We evaluated blood glucose kinetics during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test for (22) nondiabetic parkinsonian patients and (10) controls. The motor complications scores were recorded for all parkinsonian patients using the relevant parts of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV. RESULTS Diabetics recorded higher scores of RBDSQ than controls (p < 0.001), with no differences related to antidiabetic therapy. In nondiabetic PD patients, after oral glucose, blood glucose was significantly higher at T1 (p < 0.001) than controls. Moreover, the total area under the time curve for blood glucose levels was significantly higher in PD compared to controls (281.22 ± 52.25 vs. 245.65 ± 48.63 mg.hr./dL; p=0.013). Higher blood glucose levels were associated with motor abnormalities. Diabetic PD patients recorded higher scores of UPDRS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease are linked, which raises concerns about either of them, probably increasing the risk of the other. This trial is registered with NCT03685357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan AwadAllah Elgnainy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Ismail Hamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Osman Mohamed
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Grzadzinski R, Amso D, Landa R, Watson L, Guralnick M, Zwaigenbaum L, Deák G, Estes A, Brian J, Bath K, Elison J, Abbeduto L, Wolff J, Piven J. Pre-symptomatic intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD): defining a research agenda. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 34654371 PMCID: PMC8520312 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts an individual's ability to socialize, communicate, and interact with, and adapt to, the environment. Over the last two decades, research has focused on early identification of ASD with significant progress being made in understanding the early behavioral and biological markers that precede a diagnosis, providing a catalyst for pre-symptomatic identification and intervention. Evidence from preclinical trials suggest that intervention prior to the onset of ASD symptoms may yield more improved developmental outcomes, and clinical studies suggest that the earlier intervention is administered, the better the outcomes. This article brings together a multidisciplinary group of experts to develop a conceptual framework for behavioral intervention, during the pre-symptomatic period prior to the consolidation of symptoms into diagnosis, in infants at very-high-likelihood for developing ASD (VHL-ASD). The overarching goals of this paper are to promote the development of new intervention approaches, empirical research, and policy efforts aimed at VHL-ASD infants during the pre-symptomatic period (i.e., prior to the consolidation of the defining features of ASD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grzadzinski
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Dima Amso
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Landa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Watson
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Guralnick
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gedeon Deák
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Annette Estes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington Autism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Brian
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Bath
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jed Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- University of California, Davis, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jason Wolff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ahamadi M, Mehrotra N, Hanan N, Lai Yee K, Gheyas F, Anton J, Bani M, Boroojerdi B, Smit H, Weidemann J, Macha S, Thuillier V, Chen C, Yang M, Williams-Gray CH, Stebbins GT, Pagano G, Hang Y, Marek K, Venuto CS, Javidnia M, Dexter D, Pedata A, Stafford B, Akalu M, Stephenson D, Romero K, Sinha V. A Disease Progression Model to Quantify the Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in Participants With Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Mutation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:508-518. [PMID: 33894056 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors are currently in clinical development as interventions to slow progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the rate of progression in PD as measured by both motor and nonmotor features is particularly important in assessing the potential therapeutic effect of LRRK2 inhibitors in clinical development. Using standardized data from the Critical Path for Parkinson's Unified Clinical Database, we quantified the rate of progression of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part I (nonmotor aspects of experiences of daily living) in 158 participants with PD who were carriers and 598 participants with PD who were noncarriers of at least one of three different LRRK2 gene mutations (G2019S, R1441C/G, or R1628P). Age and disease duration were found to predict baseline disease severity, while presence of at least one of these three LRRK2 mutations was a predictor of the rate of MDS-UPDRS Part I progression. The estimated progression rate in MDS-UPDRS Part I was 0.648 (95% confidence interval: 0.544, 0.739) points per year in noncarriers of a LRRK2 mutation and 0.259 (95% confidence interval: 0.217, 0.295) points per year in carriers of a LRRK2 mutation. This analysis demonstrates that the rate of progression based on MDS-UPDRS Part I is ~ 60% lower in carriers as compared with noncarriers of LRRK2 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ka Lai Yee
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans Smit
- Union Chimique Belge, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neuroscience and Rare Disease Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Pedata
- Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Dhanawat M, Mehta DK, Gupta S, Das R. Understanding the Pathogenesis Involved in Parkinson's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Treatment Strategies. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:88-102. [PMID: 32628600 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200705222842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A vast advancement has been made in the treatment related to central nervous system disorders especially Parkinson's disease. The development in therapeutics and a better understanding of the targets results in upsurge of many promising therapies for Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is defined by neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation and it is reported that the presence of the neurofibrillary aggregates such as Lewy bodies is considered as the marker. Along with this, it is also characterized by the presence of motor and non-motor symptoms, as seen in Parkinsonian patients. A lot of treatment options mainly focus on prophylactic measures or the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the point of interest which can be exploited as a new target to emphasis on Parkinson's disease. A thorough study of these targets helps in modifications of those molecules which are particularly involved in causing the neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. A lot of drug regimens are available for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, although levodopa remains the choice of drug for controlling the symptoms, yet is accompanied with significant snags. It is always suggested to use other drug therapies concomitantly with levodopa. A number of significant causes and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease have been identified in the last decade, here an attempt was made to highlight the most significant of them. It was also found that the treatment regimen and involvement of therapies are totally dependent on individuals and can be tailored to the needs of each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dhanawat
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, HR-133207, India
| | - Dinesh K Mehta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, HR-133207, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, HR-133207, India
| | - Rina Das
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, HR-133207, India
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Transcranial sonography in differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease and other movement disorders. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1726-1731. [PMID: 34238849 PMCID: PMC8318650 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reports evaluating the efficacy of transcranial sonography (TCS) for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and other movement disorders in China are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the application of TCS for the differential diagnosis of PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and essential tremor (ET) in Chinese individuals. Methods: From 2017 to 2019, 500 inpatients treated at the Department of Dyskinesia, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University underwent routine transcranial ultrasound examination. The cross-sections at the midbrain and thalamus levels were scanned, and the incidence rates of substantia nigra (SN) positivity and the incidence rates of lenticular hyperechoic area were recorded. The echo of the SN was manually measured. Results: Of the 500 patients, 125 were excluded due to poor signal in temporal window sound transmission. Among the 375 individuals with good temporal window sound transmission, 200 were diagnosed with PD, 90 with ET, 50 with MSA, and 35 with PSP. The incidence rates of SN positivity differed significantly among the four patient groups (χ2 = 121.061, P < 0.001). Between-group comparisons were performed, and the PD group showed a higher SN positivity rate than the ET (χ2 = 94.898, P < 0.017), MSA (χ2 = 57.619, P < 0.017), and PSP (χ2 = 37.687, P < 0.017) groups. SN positivity showed a good diagnostic value for differentiating PD from the other three movement diseases, collectively or individually. The incidences of lenticular hyperechoic area significantly differed among the four patient groups (χ2 = 38.904, P < 0.001). Next, between-group comparisons were performed. The lenticular hyperechoic area was higher in the PD group than in the ET (χ2 = 6.714, P < 0.017) and MSA (χ2 = 18.680, P < 0.017) groups but lower than that in the PSP group (χ2 = 0.679, P > 0.017). Conclusion: SN positivity could effectively differentiate PD from ET, PSP, and MSA in a Chinese population.
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Pedersen CC, Lange J, Førland MGG, Macleod AD, Alves G, Maple-Grødem J. A systematic review of associations between common SNCA variants and clinical heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 34210990 PMCID: PMC8249472 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is great heterogeneity in both the clinical presentation and rate of disease progression among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This can pose prognostic difficulties in a clinical setting, and a greater understanding of the risk factors that contribute to modify disease course is of clear importance for optimizing patient care and clinical trial design. Genetic variants in SNCA are an established risk factor for PD and are candidates to modify disease presentation and progression. This systematic review aimed to summarize all available primary research reporting the association of SNCA polymorphisms with features of PD. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science, from inception to 1 June 2020, for studies evaluating the association of common SNCA variants with age at onset (AAO) or any clinical feature attributed to PD in patients with idiopathic PD. Fifty-eight studies were included in the review that investigated the association between SNCA polymorphisms and a broad range of outcomes, including motor and cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, mental health, hyposmia, or AAO. The most reproducible findings were with the REP1 polymorphism or rs356219 and an earlier AAO, but no clear associations were identified with an SNCA polymorphism and any individual clinical outcome. The results of this comprehensive summary suggest that, while there is evidence that genetic variance in the SNCA region may have a small impact on clinical outcomes in PD, the mechanisms underlying the association of SNCA polymorphisms with PD risk may not be a major factor driving clinical heterogeneity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Christina Pedersen
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Johannes Lange
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Angus D Macleod
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Guido Alves
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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Dommershuijsen LJ, Boon AJW, Ikram MK. Probing the Pre-diagnostic Phase of Parkinson's Disease in Population-Based Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:702502. [PMID: 34276552 PMCID: PMC8284316 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.702502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from early non-motor symptoms to the characteristic bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity. Although differences in the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease are increasingly recognized, there is still a lack of insight into the heterogeneity of the pre-diagnostic phase of Parkinson's disease. In this perspective, we highlight three aspects regarding the role of population-based studies in providing new insights into the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease. First we describe several specific advantages of population-based cohort studies, including the design which overcomes some common biases, the broad data collection and the high external validity. Second, we draw a parallel with the field of Alzheimer's disease to provide future directions to uncover the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease. Finally, we anticipate on the emergence of prevention and disease-modification trials and the potential role of population-based studies herein. In the coming years, bridging gaps between study designs will be essential to make vital advances in elucidating the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnita J. W. Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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REM sleep without atonia and nocturnal body position in prediagnostic Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med 2021; 84:308-316. [PMID: 34217921 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are features of Parkinson's disease (PD), that can already occur before PD diagnosis. The most investigated prodromal PD sleep disorder is REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). The relation between other polysomnographic (PSG) alterations and the prediagnostic stages of PD, however, is less clear. METHODS We performed a retrospective case-control study to characterize polysomnographic alterations in PD and prediagnostic PD. We included 63 PD subjects (33 subjects that underwent a video-PSG before PD diagnosis [13 with and 20 without RBD] and 30 subjects that underwent a PSG after PD diagnosis) and 30 controls. PSGs were analyzed for sleep stages, different RSWA variables, body position, arousals, periodic limb movements, and REM density. RESULTS Higher subscores of all RSWA variables were observed in subjects with PD and prediagnostic PD (with and without RBD). Total RSWA, tonic RSWA and chin RSWA severity were significant predictors for all PD and prediagnostic PD groups. Our study also shows a higher percentage of nocturnal supine body position in all PD and prediagnostic PD groups. Supine body position percentage is the highest in the PD group and has a positive correlation with time since diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased total, tonic and chin RSWA as well as nocturnal supine body position are already present in prediagnostic PD, independently of RBD status. Prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the additional value of these PSG abnormalities as prodromal PD biomarkers.
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Østergaard FG, Skoven CS, Wade AR, Siebner HR, Laursen B, Christensen KV, Dyrby TB. No Detectable Effect on Visual Responses Using Functional MRI in a Rodent Model of α-Synuclein Expression. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0516-20.2021. [PMID: 33958374 PMCID: PMC8143025 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0516-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is typically diagnosed late in its progression. There is a need for biomarkers suitable for monitoring the disease progression at earlier stages to guide the development of novel neuroprotective therapies. One potential biomarker, α-synuclein, has been found in both the familial cases of PD, as well as the sporadic cases and is considered a key feature of PD. α-synuclein is naturally present in the retina, and it has been suggested that early symptoms of the visual system may be used as a biomarker for PD. Here, we use a viral vector to induce a unilateral expression of human wild-type α-synuclein in rats as a mechanistic model of protein aggregation in PD. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated expression of human wild-type α-synuclein alter functional activity in the visual system. A total of 16 rats were injected with either AAV-α-synuclein (n = 7) or AAV-null (n = 9) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the left hemisphere. The expression of α-synuclein was validated by a motor assay and postmortem immunohistochemistry. Five months after the introduction of the AAV-vector, fMRI showed robust blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to light stimulation in the visual systems of both control and AAV-α-synuclein animals. However, our results demonstrate that the expression of AAV-α-synuclein does not affect functional activation of the visual system. This negative finding suggests that fMRI-based read-outs of visual responses may not be a sensitive biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Stald Skoven
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark
| | - Alex R Wade
- Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark
| | | | | | - Tim B Dyrby
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Ismail AS, Goodwin GR, Castrejon-Pita JR, Noyce AJ, Azevedo HS. A novel capsule-based smell test fabricated via coaxial dripping. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210039. [PMID: 33906383 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that aromatic oil capsules, produced by dripping droplets, can offer a simple, yet effective, testing tool to aid in the diagnosis of various diseases, in which the loss of smell is a key symptom. These include chronic neurological conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and acute respiratory infections such as that caused by COVID-19. The capsules were fabricated by concentrically dripping oil/alginate droplets, from a coaxial nozzle, into an oppositely charged ionic liquid. This fabrication technique enables full control over the capsule size, the shell thickness and the volume of the encapsulated oil. After formation, liquid capsules were left to dry and form a solid crust surrounding the oil. The prototype test consists of placing a standardized number of capsules between adhesive strips that users crush and pull apart to release the smell. In addition to the fabrication method, a simple mathematical model was developed to predict the volume of encapsulated oil within the capsule in terms of the flow rate ratio and the nozzle size. Tensile tests show that capsule strength is inversely proportional to its size owing to an increase in the shell thickness. By increasing the alginate concentration, the load required to rupture the capsule increases, to the point where capsules are too stiff to be broken by a fingertip grip. Results from a preliminary screening test, within a group of patients with Parkinson's disease, found that smells were detectable using a 'forced choice' paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Said Ismail
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gregory R Goodwin
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J Rafael Castrejon-Pita
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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microRNA signatures in prodromal REM sleep behavior disorder and early Parkinson's disease as noninvasive biomarkers. Sleep Med 2021; 78:160-168. [PMID: 33444973 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flow of gene expression or "The central dogma of molecular biology": DNA - RNA - protein, proposed by Watson & Crick sixty years ago, is a tightly controlled cell process. In the middle of this journey, the mRNA molecule is regulated by "RNA interference" (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism. A microRNA is an endogenous short double-stranded RNA that down-regulates hundreds of mRNAs by RNAi, maintaining healthy cell physiology. In contrast, aberrant expressions of microRNAs play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The damage may start at an early period of brain degeneration, in the non-motor or "prodromal" stage, where autonomic, mood and sleep changes are often manifested. REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the prodromal manifestation with the highest odds for conversion into PD, thereby a valuable phenotype for disease prediction. The present review focuses on microRNAs' role in the pathogenesis of PD and RBD, summarizing the state-of-the-art of these RNA molecules as noninvasive biomarkers for non-motor prodromal (RBD) and early PD.
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Vandendriessche C, Bruggeman A, Van Cauwenberghe C, Vandenbroucke RE. Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Small Entities with Large Consequences. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112485. [PMID: 33203181 PMCID: PMC7696752 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are incurable, devastating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the formation and spreading of protein aggregates throughout the brain. Although the exact spreading mechanism is not completely understood, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential contributors. Indeed, EVs have emerged as potential carriers of disease-associated proteins and are therefore thought to play an important role in disease progression, although some beneficial functions have also been attributed to them. EVs can be isolated from a variety of sources, including biofluids, and the analysis of their content can provide a snapshot of ongoing pathological changes in the brain. This underlines their potential as biomarker candidates which is of specific relevance in AD and PD where symptoms only arise after considerable and irreversible neuronal damage has already occurred. In this review, we discuss the known beneficial and detrimental functions of EVs in AD and PD and we highlight their promising potential to be used as biomarkers in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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Devos D, Hirsch E, Wyse R. Seven Solutions for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:306-316. [PMID: 33184908 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of iron and alpha-synuclein; it follows a characteristic pattern throughout the nervous system. Despite decades of successful preclinical neuroprotective studies, no drug has then shown efficacy in clinical trials. Considering this dilemma, we have reviewed and organized solutions of varying importance that can be exclusive or additive, and we outline approaches to help generate successful development of neuroprotective drugs for PD: (1) select patients in which the targeted mechanism is involved in the pathological process associated with the monitoring of target engagement, (2) combine treatments that target multiple pathways, (3) establish earliest interventions and develop better prodromal biomarkers, (4) adopt rigorous methodology and specific disease-relevant designs for disease-modifying clinical trials, (5) customize drug with better brain biodistribution, (6) prioritize repurposed drugs as a first line approach, and (7) adapt preclinical models to the targeted mechanisms with translational biomarkers to increase their predictive value. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center for Parkinson, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, zUMR-S1172, LICEND, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Hirsch
- Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wyse
- The Cure Parkinson's Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Sy MAC, Fernandez HH. Pharmacological Treatment of Early Motor Manifestations of Parkinson Disease (PD). Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1331-1338. [PMID: 32935299 PMCID: PMC7851218 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD), as a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, undergoes six neuropathological stages. The earliest clinical manifestation presents in the middle stage of the disorder pathologically, when 50% or more of the dopaminergic neurons have degenerated in the substantia nigra. This discrepancy between the early stage clinically and that pathologically has, in part, spurred the debate as to when it is best to initiate symptomatic therapy. The most well-studied monotherapeutic agents for PD in its early course include levodopa (the cornerstone of PD therapy), dopamine agonists, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). With several options for initiating pharmacologic therapy, along with the heterogenous presentation of the disorder, an individualized approach is warranted. Careful deliberation must be done to optimize risk reduction while providing effective symptom control, taking the chronological age, comorbidities, social and financial disposition, work status, and both immediate- and long-term goals into consideration. Generally, treatment can be delayed in patients with mild symptoms and minimal functional impairment at any age. If treatment must be initiated, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors can be used, especially in younger patients with milder disease. However, for older patients, those with moderate to severe PD symptoms, regardless of age, or for patients with greater comorbidities, levodopa generally remains the better choice. Eventually, regardless of initial therapy, studies have shown that most will eventually require levodopa therapy when symptoms become more disabling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ann C Sy
- Movement Disorders Section, Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Hubert H Fernandez
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Life expectancy of parkinsonism patients in the general population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 77:94-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Østergaard FG, Himmelberg MM, Laursen B, Siebner HR, Wade AR, Christensen KV. Classification of α-synuclein-induced changes in the AAV α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease using electrophysiological measurements of visual processing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11869. [PMID: 32681050 PMCID: PMC7368019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression are the cornerstone of developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides motor complications, PD is also characterized by deficits in visual processing. Here, we investigate how virally-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta impacts visual processing in a well-established rodent model of PD. After a unilateral injection of vector, human α-synuclein was detected in the striatum and superior colliculus (SC). In parallel, there was a significant delay in the latency of the transient VEPs from the affected side of the SC in late stages of the disease. Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase using PFE360 failed to rescue the VEP delay and instead increased the latency of the VEP waveform. A support vector machine classifier accurately classified rats according to their `disease state' using frequency-domain data from steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). Overall, these findings indicate that the latency of the rodent VEP is sensitive to changes mediated by the increased expression of α-synuclein and especially when full overexpression is obtained, whereas the SSVEP facilitated detection of α-synuclein across reflects all stages of PD model progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Gam Østergaard
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark.
- GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marc M Himmelberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Bettina Laursen
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alex R Wade
- Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kenneth Vielsted Christensen
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
- Institut de Recherches Servier - IDRS, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
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Marrero-González P, Iranzo A, Bedoya D, Serradell M, Niñerola-Baizán A, Perissinotti A, Gaig C, Vilaseca I, Alobid I, Santamaría J, Mullol J. Prodromal Parkinson disease in patients with idiopathic hyposmia. J Neurol 2020; 267:3673-3682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Poortvliet PC, O'Maley K, Silburn PA, Mellick GD. Perspective: Current Pitfalls in the Search for Future Treatments and Prevention of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:686. [PMID: 32733372 PMCID: PMC7360677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We are gradually becoming aware that there is more to Parkinson's disease (PD) than meets the eye. Accumulating evidence has unveiled a disease complexity that has not (yet) been incorporated into ongoing efforts aimed at slowing, halting or reversing the course of PD, likely underlying their lack of success. There is a substantial latency between the actual onset of PD pathology and our ability to confirm diagnosis, during which accumulating structural and functional damage might be too advanced for effective modification or protection. Identification at the earliest stages of the disease course in the absence of Parkinsonism is crucial if we are to intervene when it matters most. Prognostic and therapeutic inferences can only be successful if we are able to accurately predict who is at risk for developing PD and if we can differentiate amongst the considerable clinicopathologic diversity. Biomarkers can greatly improve our identification and differentiation abilities if we are able to disentangle cause and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Poortvliet
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen O'Maley
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter A Silburn
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Buch S, Wang Y, Park MG, Jella PK, Hu J, Chen Y, Shah K, Ge Y, Haacke EM. Subvoxel vascular imaging of the midbrain using USPIO-Enhanced MRI. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117106. [PMID: 32615253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for better detection and understanding of vascular abnormalities at the micro-level, where critical vascular nourishment and cellular metabolic changes occur. This is especially the case for structures such as the midbrain where both the feeding and draining vessels are quite small. Being able to monitor and diagnose vascular changes earlier will aid in better understanding the etiology of the disease and in the development of therapeutics. In this work, thirteen healthy volunteers were scanned with a dual echo susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence, with a resolution of 0.22 × 0.44 × 1 mm3 at 3T. Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) were used to induce an increase in susceptibility in both arteries and veins. Although the increased vascular susceptibility enhances the visibility of small subvoxel vessels, the accompanying strong signal loss of the large vessels deteriorates the local tissue contrast. To overcome this problem, the SWI data were acquired at different time points during a gradual administration (final concentration = 4 mg/kg) of the USPIO agent, Ferumoxytol, and the data was processed to combine the SWI data dynamically, in order to see through these blooming artifacts. The major vessels and their tributaries (such as the collicular artery, peduncular artery, peduncular vein and the lateral mesencephalic vein) were identified on the combined SWI data using arterio-venous maps. Dynamically combined SWI data was then compared with previous histological work to validate that this protocol was able to detect small vessels on the order of 50 μm-100 μm. A complex division-based phase unwrapping was also employed to improve the quality of quantitative susceptibility maps by reducing the artifacts due to aliased voxels at the vessel boundaries. The smallest detectable vessel size was then evaluated by revisiting numerical simulations, using estimated true susceptibilities for the basal vein and the posterior cerebral artery in the presence of Ferumoxytol. These simulations suggest that vessels as small as 50 μm should be visible with the maximum dose of 4 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Buch
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Min-Gyu Park
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavan K Jella
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kamran Shah
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yulin Ge
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA.
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