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Wang H, Wu S, Weng Y, Yang X, Hou L, Liang Y, Wu W, Ying Y, Ye F, Luo X. Increased serum carboxylesterase-1 levels are associated with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic syndrome in children with obesity. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:162. [PMID: 39227971 PMCID: PMC11373257 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterase 1(CES1) is expressed mainly in the liver and adipose tissue and is highly hypothesized to play an essential role in metabolism. Our study aimed to investigate the association between CES1 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children with obesity in China. METHODS This study included 72 children with obesity aged 6-13years (including 25(35%) diagnosed as MetS and 36(50%) diagnosed as MASLD). All subjects were measured in anthropometry, serum level of biochemical parameters related to obesity, circumstance levels of insulin-like growth factor1, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and growth differentiation factor 15) and CES1. RESULTS Higher serum CES1 level were found in the MetS group (P = 0.004) and the MASLD group (P < 0.001) of children with obesity. Serum CES1 levels were positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, GDF15, Leptin and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin and IGF1. We also found a multivariable logistic regression analysis of MASLD and MetS predicted by CES1 significantly (MASLD P < 0.01, MetS P < 0.05). The combination of CES1, sex, age and BMI Z-score showed a sensitivity and specificity of 92.7% for the identification of MASLD and 78.6% for the identification of MetS. The cutoff for CES1 of MASLD is 56.30 ng/mL and of MetS is 97.79 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS CES1 is associated with an increasing risk of MetS and MASLD and can be established as a biomarker for metabolic syndrome and MASLD of children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ying Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqin Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetic Metabolic and Endocrine Rare Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Nørholm A, Kjær IG, Søndergaard E, Nellemann B, Nielsen S, Lebeck J. Glycerol Handling in Paired Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Women with Normal Weight and Upper-Body Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9008. [PMID: 39201693 PMCID: PMC11354935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In adipose tissue, reduced expression of the glycerol channel aquaporin 7 (AQP7) has been associated with increased accumulation of triglyceride. The present study determines the relative protein abundances of lipolytic enzymes, AQP7, and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) in paired mesenteric and omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women with either normal weight or upper-body obesity. No differences in the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) or AQP7 were found between the two groups in the four depots. The expression of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and HSL were higher in omental VAT and femoral SAT than in mesenteric VAT in both groups of women. Similarly, AQP7 expression was higher in omental VAT than in mesenteric VAT. The expression of PEPCK-C was lower in omental VAT than in femoral SAT. No correlation between the expression of AQP7 and the mean adipocyte size was observed; however, the expression of PEPCK-C positively correlated with the mean adipocyte size. In conclusion, a depot-specific protein expression pattern was found for ATGL, HSL, AQP7, and PEPCK-C. The expression pattern supports that the regulation of AQP7 protein expression is at least in part linked to the lipolytic rate. Furthermore, the results support that the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate via glyceroneogenesis contributes to regulating triglyceride accumulation in white adipose tissue in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nørholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.N.)
| | | | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Birgitte Nellemann
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0370 Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.S.); (S.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne Lebeck
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.N.)
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3
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Park JY, Kim HR, Lee SH, Lee SW, Sin HS, Lim TG, Kim SY, Park MH. Anti-Obesity Properties of Blackberries Fermented with L. plantarum JBMI F5 via Suppression of Adipogenesis Signaling Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6164. [PMID: 38892352 PMCID: PMC11173001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Blackberries (Rubus fruticosus), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess multiple health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. However, the potential biological effects and precise molecular mechanisms of the fermented extracts remain largely unexplored. In this research, we demonstrate the effect of blackberries fermented with Lactobacillus for addressing obesity. We investigated the effect of blackberries fermented by Lactobacillus on mice fed a high-fat (60% kcal) diet for 12 weeks. Fermented blackberry administration reduced the body weight and epididymal fat caused by a high-fat diet compared to the obese group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, which are blood lipid indicators, and the levels of leptin, which is an insulin resistance indicator, were significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. Additionally, the expression of adipogenesis marker proteins, such as CEBPα, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, was significantly increased in the obese group, whereas it was decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. These results suggest that fermented blackberries have a protective effect against high-fat-diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and are a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Park
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil 111-27, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (H.-R.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ha-Rim Kim
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil 111-27, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (H.-R.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Seung-Hyeon Lee
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil 111-27, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (H.-R.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Wang Lee
- Chebigen Inc., 62 Ballyong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54853, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.L.); (H.-S.S.)
| | - Hong-Sig Sin
- Chebigen Inc., 62 Ballyong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54853, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.L.); (H.-S.S.)
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil 111-27, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (H.-R.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Mi Hee Park
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Wonjangdong-gil 111-27, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (H.-R.K.); (S.-H.L.)
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Nagaoka M, Sakai Y, Nakajima M, Fukami T. Role of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116128. [PMID: 38492781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), which are expressed primarily in the liver and/or gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyze drugs containing ester and amide bonds in their chemical structure. These enzymes often catalyze the conversion of prodrugs, including the COVID-19 drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir, to their pharmacologically active forms. Information on the substrate specificity and inhibitory properties of these enzymes, which would be useful for drug development and toxicity avoidance, has accumulated. Recently,in vitroandin vivostudies have shown that these enzymes are involved not only in drug hydrolysis but also in lipid metabolism. CES1 and CES2 are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerol, and the deletion of their orthologous genes in mice has been associated with impaired lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Adeno-associated virus-mediated human CES overexpression decreases hepatic triacylglycerol levels and increases fatty acid oxidation in mice. It has also been shown that overexpression of CES enzymes or AADAC in cultured cells suppresses the intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol. Recent reports indicate that AADAC can be up- or downregulated in tumors of various organs, and its varied expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Thus, CES and AADAC not only determine drug efficacy and toxicity but are also involved in pathophysiology. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of CES and AADAC in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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5
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Colaço-Gaspar M, Hofer P, Oberer M, Zechner R. PNPLA-mediated lipid hydrolysis and transacylation - At the intersection of catabolism and anabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159410. [PMID: 37951382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing proteins (PNPLAs) play diverse roles in lipid metabolism. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic properties and predicted 3D structures of PNPLA1-5. PNPLA2-4 exert both catabolic and anabolic functions. Whereas PNPLA1 is predominantly expressed in the epidermis and involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, PNPLA2 and 4 are ubiquitously expressed and exhibit several enzymatic activities, including hydrolysis and transacylation of various (glycero-)lipid species. This review summarizes known biological roles for PNPLA-mediated hydrolysis and transacylation reactions and highlights open questions concerning their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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6
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Ezzati‐Mobaser S, Yarahmadi S, Dadkhah Nikroo N, Maleki MH, Yousefi Z, Golpour P, Nourbakhsh M, Nourbakhsh M. Adipose triglyceride lipase gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with obesity and its association with insulin resistance, inflammation and lipid accumulation in liver. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e716. [PMID: 38263987 PMCID: PMC10804332 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the release of fatty acids from various tissues. The expression of ATGL is regulated by insulin and this enzyme is linked to Insulin resistance (IR). On the other hand, ATGL-mediated lipolysis is connected to macrophage function and thus, ATGL is involved in inflammation and the pathogenesis of lipid-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ATGL, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and inflammation. Methods A total of 100 participants, including 50 individuals with obesity and 50 healthy participants, were recruited for this study and underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma lipid profiles, glycemic indices, and liver function tests. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and used for the assessment of the gene expression of ATGL, using real-time PCR. Furthermore, PBMCs were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with simultaneous ATGL inhibition, and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, along with the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were measured. Results The gene expression of ATGL was significantly elevated in PBMCs obtained from participants with obesity and was particularly higher in those diagnosed with MetS. It exhibited a correlation with insulin levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), and it was associated with lipid accumulation in the liver. Stimulation with LPS increased ATGL expression in PBMCs, while inhibition of ATGL attenuated the inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Conclusions Obesity and MetS were associated with dysregulation of ATGL. ATGL might play a role in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and act as a significant contributor to the development of metabolic abnormalities related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nikta Dadkhah Nikroo
- Metabolic Disorders Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zeynab Yousefi
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Pegah Golpour
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mona Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar HospitalSchool of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Finetech in Medicine Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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7
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Kang T, Ree J, Park JW, Choe H, Park YI. Anti-Obesity Effects of SPY Fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus BST-L.601 via Suppression of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112202. [PMID: 37297447 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, the potential anti-obesity efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BST-L.601 and its fermented product (named SPY) with mashed sweet potato paste were investigated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HD)-induced obese mice. SPY (0-0.5 mg/mL) dose-dependently and significantly reduced lipid accumulation and TG content and the expression of adipogenic markers (C/EBPα, PPAR-γ, and aP2) and fatty acid synthetic pathway proteins (ACC and FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, demonstrating that SPY suppresses adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Oral administration of SPY (4 × 107 CFU/kg body weight) to HD-induced obese mice for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body and liver weight, the size of adipocytes, and the weight of epididymal, visceral, and subcutaneous fat tissues. SPY was more effective in decreasing body weight gain in HD mice than in treatment with BST-L.601 alone. Administration of SPY or BST-L.601 also reduced the serum level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and leptin secretion at a similar level. These results revealed that both SPY and BST-L.601 effectively suppress HD-induced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suggesting that these materials would be useful in the functional foods industry to ameliorate and/or prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Biostream Co., Ltd., Suwon 10442, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ree
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Biostream Co., Ltd., Suwon 10442, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyewon Choe
- Biostream Co., Ltd., Suwon 10442, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Klimentidis YC, Chen Z, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Grigoriadis D, Sackey E, Pittman A, Ostergaard P, Herbst KL. Genome-wide association study of a lipedema phenotype among women in the UK Biobank identifies multiple genetic risk factors. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:338-344. [PMID: 36385154 PMCID: PMC9995497 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a common disorder characterized by excessive deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the legs, hips, and buttocks, mainly occurring in adult women. Although it appears to be heritable, no specific genes have yet been identified. To identify potential genetic risk factors for lipedema, we used bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric data from the UK Biobank to identify women with and without a lipedema phenotype. Specifically, we identified women with both a high percentage of fat in the lower limbs and a relatively small waist, adjusting for hip circumference. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for this phenotype, and performed multiple sensitivity GWAS. In an independent case/control study of lipedema based on strict clinical criteria, we attempted to replicate our top hits. We identified 18 significant loci (p < 5 × 10-9), several of which have previously been identified in GWAS of waist-to-hip ratio with larger effects in women. Two loci (VEGFA and GRB14-COBLL1) were significantly associated with lipedema in the independent replication study. Follow-up analyses suggest an enrichment of genes expressed in blood vessels and adipose tissue, among other tissues. Our findings provide a starting point towards better understanding the genetic and physiological basis of lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Dionysios Grigoriadis
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ege Sackey
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen L Herbst
- TREAT Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, Vidal J, Ortega E, de Hollanda A. FABP4 Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Is Independently Associated with Circulating Triglycerides in Obesity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031013. [PMID: 36769659 PMCID: PMC9917808 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue plays a major role in lipid metabolism, mobilization and distribution. We have compared the histological and transcriptomic profiles of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues from subjects with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery with (Ob-HTG, n = 37) and without HTG (Ob-NTG, n = 67). Mean age and BMI were 51.87 ± 11.21 years, 45.78 ± 6.96 kg/m2 and 50.03 ± 10.17 years, 44.04 ± 4.69 kg/m2, respectively. The Ob-HTG group showed higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and prevalence of hypertension. The degree of fibrosis was increased by 14% in SAT from the Ob-HTG group (p = 0.028), while adipocyte size distribution was comparable. Twenty genes were found differentially expressed in SAT and VAT between study groups. Among them, only SAT expression of FABP4 resulted significantly associated with circulating triglyceride levels after adjusting for other covariates and independently explained 5% of the variance in triglyceride levels in the combined model. This relationship was not found in the cohort of lean or overweight patients with normotriglyceridemia (non-Ob, n = 21). These results emphasize the contribution of SAT to triglyceride concentrations in obesity and indicate that FABP4 may be a potential drug target for the treatment of HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos Ave. 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló Street 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.O.-C.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-932-275-707 (ext. 2910) (Ó.O.-C.); +34-932-279-846 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-932-275-589 (A.d.H.)
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos Ave. 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló Street 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos Ave. 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló Street 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel Street 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos Ave. 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.O.-C.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-932-275-707 (ext. 2910) (Ó.O.-C.); +34-932-279-846 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-932-275-589 (A.d.H.)
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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11
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Liu J, Yao B, Gao L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang X. Emerging role of carboxylesterases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115250. [PMID: 36130649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Carboxylesterases (CESs), as potential influencing factors of NAFLD, are very important to improve clinical outcomes. This review aims to deeply understand the role of CESs in the progression of NAFLD and proposes that CESs can be used as potential targets for NAFLD treatment. We first introduced CESs and analyzed the relationship between CESs and hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Then, we further reviewed the regulation of nuclear receptors on CESs, including PXR, CAR, PPARα, HNF4α and FXR, which may influence the progression of NAFLD. Finally, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of existing NAFLD animal models and summarized the application of CES-related animal models in NAFLD research. In general, this review provides an overview of the relationship between CESs and NAFLD and discusses the role and potential value of CESs in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Gao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Aiassa V, Del Rosario Ferreira M, Villafañe N, Eugenia D'Alessandro M. α-Linolenic acid rich-chia seed modulates visceral adipose tissue collagen deposition, lipolytic enzymes expression, insulin signaling and GLUT-4 levels in a diet-induced adiposity rodent model. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111164. [PMID: 35651030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal -eWAT- and retroperitoneal -rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aiassa
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Departamento de Morfología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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13
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Madeo SF, Stanghellini I, Predieri B, Ciancia S, Leo F, Bruzzi P, Calabrese O, Iughetti L. Copy Number Variation Analysis Increases the Number of Candidate Loci Associated with Pediatric Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:251-262. [PMID: 34482307 DOI: 10.1159/000519299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Currently, only a small number of obese children undergo genetic analysis, usually when obesity is associated with dysmorphic features. The aim of this study was to identify genomic rearrangement causing obesity. METHODS We analyzed the DNA of children and adolescents by single-nucleotide polymorphism-array (platform CytoScan HD, Affymetrix). Patients included in this study were obese with dysmorphic features and/or intellectual disabilities and/or neuropsychomotor signs. RESULTS Ninety-four children and adolescents with obesity (9.25 ± 4.04 years old, 60 males) were enrolled in the study. Dysmorphic features were found in 64 out of 94 subjects (68.1%), intellectual disability was found in 23 subjects (24.5%), and other neuropsychomotor signs in 31 (32.9%). Copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in 43 out of 94 patients (45.7%): among these 14 subjects showed at least 1 deletion, 22 duplication, whereas 7 patients showed both deletion and duplication. In 20 subjects (13 males), CNVs were linked or possibly related with obesity; in 23 subjects, this correlation cannot be inferred. CONCLUSION A genetic origin of obesity was detected in about half of our obese children and adolescents with associated dysmorphic features and/or intellectual disability and/or neuropsychomotor signs. In these children, array-CGH analysis can be useful to identify causative genetic mutations, with consequent advantage in therapeutic management and follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Filomena Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanghellini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Leo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga Calabrese
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Arumugam MK, Chava S, Rasineni K, Paal MC, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine induces adipocyte dysfunction to promote alcohol-associated liver steatosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14693. [PMID: 34282217 PMCID: PMC8289835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that chronic ethanol administration-induced increase in adipose tissue lipolysis and reduction in the secretion of protective adipokines collectively contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathogenesis. Further studies have revealed that increased adipose S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels generate methylation defects that promote lipolysis. Here, we hypothesized that increased intracellular SAH alone causes additional related pathological changes in adipose tissue as seen with alcohol administration. To test this, we used 3-deazaadenosine (DZA), which selectively elevates intracellular SAH levels by blocking its hydrolysis. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated in vitro for 48 h with DZA and analysed for lipolysis, adipokine release and differentiation status. DZA treatment enhanced adipocyte lipolysis, as judged by lower levels of intracellular triglycerides, reduced lipid droplet sizes and higher levels of glycerol and free fatty acids released into the culture medium. These findings coincided with activation of both adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase. DZA treatment also significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation factors, impaired adiponectin and leptin secretion but increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF and MCP-1. Together, our results demonstrate that elevation of intracellular SAH alone by DZA treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induces lipolysis and dysregulates adipokine secretion. Selective elevation of intracellular SAH by DZA treatment mimics ethanol's effects and induces adipose dysfunction. We conclude that alcohol-induced elevations in adipose SAH levels contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Srinivas Chava
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Matthew C Paal
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M Donohue
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service (151), Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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15
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Chen BB, Yan JH, Zheng J, Peng HW, Cai XL, Pan XT, Li HQ, Hong QZ, Peng XE. Copy number variation in the CES1 gene and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver in a Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13984. [PMID: 34234263 PMCID: PMC8263572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) scan identified a 16q12.2 deletion that included the carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) gene, which is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol. We aimed to investigate whether CES1 CNVs was associated with susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese Han population. A case-control study was conducted among 303 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 303 age (± 5) and sex-matched controls from the Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University in China. The copy numbers of CES1 were measured using TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and serum CES1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The Chi-squared test and a logistic regression model were used to evaluate the association between CES1 CNVs and NAFLD susceptibility. The distribution of CES1 CNVs showed a higher frequency of CNVs loss (< 2) among patients; however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.05). After controlling for other known or suspected risk factors for NAFLD, CES1 CNVs loss was significantly associated with greater risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.30-5.85, P = 0.01); while CES1 CNVs gain (> 2) was not. There was a suggestion of an association between increased CES1 serum protein levels and CNVs losses among cases, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Copy number losses (< 2) of CES1 contribute to susceptibility to NAFLD in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China.,Department of Hospital Infection Control, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian Hui Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - He Wei Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xiao Ling Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xin Ting Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Hui Quan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Qi Zhu Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xian-E Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
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16
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SAINI SIMMI, WALIA GAGANDEEPKAUR, SACHDEVA MOHINDERPAL, GUPTA VIPIN. Genomics of body fat distribution. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhou Q, Yan B, Sun W, Chen Q, Xiao Q, Xiao Y, Wang X, Shi D. Pig Liver Esterases Hydrolyze Endocannabinoids and Promote Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670427. [PMID: 34079552 PMCID: PMC8165269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors and activation of these receptors has strong physiological and pathological significance. Structurally, endocannabinoids are esters (e.g., 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) or amides (e.g., N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA). Hydrolysis of these compounds yields arachidonic acid (AA), a major precursor of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2. Carboxylesterases are known to hydrolyze esters and amides with high efficiency. CES1, a human carboxylesterase, has been shown to hydrolyze 2-AG, and shares a high sequence identity with pig carboxylesterases: PLE1 and PLE6 (pig liver esterase). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that PLE1 and PLE6 hydrolyze endocannabinoids and promote inflammatory response. Consistent with the hypothesis, purified PLE1 and PLE6 efficaciously hydrolyzed 2-AG and AEA. PLE6 was 40-fold and 3-fold as active as PLE1 towards 2-AG and AEA, respectively. In addition, both PLE1 and PLE6 were highly sensitive to bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), an aryl phosphodiester known to predominately inhibit carboxylesterases. Based on the study with BNPP, PLEs contributed to the hydrolysis of 2-AG by 53.4 to 88.4% among various organs and cells. Critically, exogenous addition or transfection of PLE6 increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in response to the immunostimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase was recapitulated in cocultured alveolar macrophages and PLE6 transfected cells in transwells. Finally, BNPP reduced inflammation trigged by LPS accompanied by reduced formation of AA and proinflammatory mediators. These findings define an innovative connection: PLE-endocannabinoid-inflammation. This mechanistic connection signifies critical roles of carboxylesterases in pathophysiological processes related to the metabolism of endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingfang Yan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wanying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Dwyer BG, Wang C, Abegg D, Racioppo B, Qiu N, Zhao Z, Pechalrieu D, Shuster A, Hoch DG, Adibekian A. Chemoproteomics-Enabled De Novo Discovery of Photoswitchable Carboxylesterase Inhibitors for Optically Controlled Drug Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3071-3079. [PMID: 33035395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report arylazopyrazole ureas and sulfones as a novel class of photoswitchable serine hydrolase inhibitors and present a chemoproteomic platform for rapid discovery of optically controlled serine hydrolase targets in complex proteomes. Specifically, we identify highly potent and selective photoswitchable inhibitors of the drug-metabolizing enzymes carboxylesterases 1 and 2 and demonstrate their pharmacological application by optically controlling the metabolism of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study provides a first example of photopharmacological tools to optically control drug metabolism by modulating the activity of a metabolizing enzyme. Our arylazopyrazole ureas and sulfones offer synthetically accessible scaffolds that can be expanded to identify specific photoswitchable inhibitors for other serine hydrolases, including lipases, peptidases, and proteases. Our chemoproteomic platform can be applied to other photoswitches and scaffolds to achieve optical control over diverse protein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan G Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Current address: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Brittney Racioppo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Dany Pechalrieu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Dominic G Hoch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Current address: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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19
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Chakraborty S, Ong WK, Yau WWY, Zhou Z, Bhanu Prakash KN, Toh SA, Han W, Yen PM, Sugii S. CD10 marks non-canonical PPARγ-independent adipocyte maturation and browning potential of adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:109. [PMID: 33541392 PMCID: PMC7863460 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective stem cell therapy is dependent on the stem cell quality that is determined by their differentiation potential, impairment of which leads to poor engraftment and survival into the target cells. However, limitations in our understanding and the lack of reliable markers that can predict their maturation efficacies have hindered the development of stem cells as an effective therapeutic strategy. Our previous study identified CD10, a pro-adipogenic, depot-specific prospective cell surface marker of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Here, we aim to determine if CD10 can be used as a prospective marker to predict mature adipocyte quality and play a direct role in adipocyte maturation. METHODS We first generated 14 primary human subject-derived ASCs and stable immortalized CD10 knockdown and overexpression lines for 4 subjects by the lentiviral transduction system. To evaluate the role of CD10 in adipogenesis, the adipogenic potential of the human subject samples were scored against their respective CD10 transcript levels. Assessment of UCP1 expression levels was performed to correlate CD10 levels to the browning potential of mature ASCs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to determine CD10-dependent regulation of various targets. Seahorse analysis of oxidative metabolism and lipolysis assay were studied. Lastly, as a proof-of-concept study, we used CD10 as a prospective marker for screening nuclear receptor ligands library. RESULTS We identified intrinsic CD10 levels as a positive determinant of adipocyte maturation as well as browning potential of ASCs. Interestingly, CD10 regulates ASC's adipogenic maturation non-canonically by modulating endogenous lipolysis without affecting the classical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent adipogenic pathways. Furthermore, our CD10-mediated screening analysis identified dexamethasone and retinoic acid as stimulator and inhibitor of adipogenesis, respectively, indicating CD10 as a useful biomarker for pro-adipogenic drug screening. CONCLUSION Overall, we establish CD10 as a functionally relevant ASC biomarker, which may be a prerequisite to identify high-quality cell populations for improving metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Chakraborty
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Xenobiology Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) Singapore, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winifred W Y Yau
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Signal and Image Processing Group, SBIC, A*STAR Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, SBIC, A*STAR Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Xenobiology Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) Singapore, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Dwyer BG, Wang C, Abegg D, Racioppo B, Qiu N, Zhao Z, Pechalrieu D, Shuster A, Hoch DG, Adibekian A. Chemoproteomics‐Enabled De Novo Discovery of Photoswitchable Carboxylesterase Inhibitors for Optically Controlled Drug Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan G. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
- Current address: Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Brittney Racioppo
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Dany Pechalrieu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Dominic G. Hoch
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
- Current address: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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21
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Arderiu G, Lambert C, Ballesta C, Moscatiello F, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Differential Transcriptomic Profile of the Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Their Resident Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102235. [PMID: 33022994 PMCID: PMC7600037 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The increase in the incidence of obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) over the last decades has brought attention on adipose tissue (AT) pathobiology. The expansion of AT is associated with the development of new vasculature needed to perfuse the tissue; however, not all fat depots have the same ability to induce angiogenesis that requires recruitment of their own endothelial cells. In this study we have investigated the effect of different CVRFs, on the angiogenic capacity of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue and on the function of their mesenchymal cell reservoir. Methods: A transcriptomic approach was used to compare the different angiogenic and inflammatory profiles of the subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from individuals with obesity, as well as their resident stem cells (ASCs). Influence of other risk factors on fat composition was also measured. Finally, the microvesicles (MVs) released by ASCs were isolated and their regenerative potential analyzed by molecular and cellular methodologies. Results: Obesity decreases the angiogenic capacity of AT. There are differences between SAT and VAT; from the 21 angiogenic-related genes analyzed, only three were decreased in SAT compared with those decreased in VAT. ASCs isolated from both fat depots showed significant differences; there was a significant up-regulation of the VEGF-pathway on visceral derived ASCs. ASCs release MVs that stimulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenic capacity. Conclusions: In patients with obesity, SAT expresses a greater number of angiogenic molecules than VAT, independent of the presence of other CVRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Carlos Ballesta
- Centro Médico Teknon, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
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22
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Wang X, Lu Y, Zhu L, Zhang H, Feng L. Inhibition of miR-27b Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Obese Rats During Hypoxic Exercise by Increasing PPARγ Expression. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1090. [PMID: 32982800 PMCID: PMC7489097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic exercise may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce and prevent obesity through the regulation of lipid metabolism. During hypoxic exercise, the targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by miR-27b has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of lipid metabolism. We have previously shown that miR-27b can repress PPARγ and lipid metabolism-associated factors, thereby affecting lipid metabolism during hypoxic exercise in a rat model of obesity. In the current study, we aimed to confirm the role of miR-27b in the regulation of lipid metabolism. First, miR-27b expression was either upregulated or downregulated through the injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 containing a miR-27b expression cassette or miR-27b-3p inhibitor, respectively, into the right gastrocnemius muscle of obese rats. The rats were then subjected to a 4-week program of hypoxic exercise, and a series of parameters related to lipid metabolism were systematically evaluated, including body composition, blood lipid levels, miR-27b RNA levels, and mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ and those of its downstream lipid metabolism-associated factors. No significant differences were found in body composition between rats expressing different levels of miR-27b. However, regarding blood lipids, miR-27b overexpression led to increased concentrations of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acids (FFAs), while inhibition of miR-27b decreased the total cholesterol (TC) level and increased that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). At the mRNA level, miR-27b overexpression downregulated the expression of Pparγ, but upregulated that of lipid metabolism-associated factors such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), whereas miR-27b inhibition elicited the opposite effect; however, inhibition of miR-27b led to elevated cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and fatty acid translocase 36 (CD36) levels. Similarly, at the protein level, miR-27b overexpression promoted a decrease in the concentration of PPARγ, whereas miR-27b inhibition led to an increase in PPARγ levels, as well as those of CYP7A1, CD36, ATGL, and LPL. Overall, our results indicated that hypoxic exercise regulates lipid metabolism via the miR-27b/PPARγ pathway and modulates ATGL and LPL expression through inducing their post-transcriptional modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lianshi Feng
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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23
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Miladinovic D, Cusick T, Mahon KL, Haynes AM, Cortie CH, Meyer BJ, Stricker PD, Wittert GA, Butler LM, Horvath LG, Hoy AJ. Assessment of Periprostatic and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Adipocyte Size from Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061385. [PMID: 32481537 PMCID: PMC7352157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the thickness of which has been associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). There are limited data regarding the functional characteristics of PPAT, how it compares to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and whether in a setting of localized PCa, these traits are altered by obesity or disease aggressiveness. PPAT and SAT were collected from 60 men (age: 42–78 years, BMI: 21.3–35.6 kg/m2) undergoing total prostatectomy for PCa. Compared to SAT, adipocytes in PPAT were smaller, had the same basal rates of fatty acid release (lipolysis) yet released less polyunsaturated fatty acid species, and were more sensitive to isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Basal lipolysis of PPAT was increased in men diagnosed with less aggressive PCa (Gleason score (GS) ≤ 3 + 4) compared to men with more aggressive PCa (GS ≥ 4 + 3) but no other measured adipocyte parameters related to PCa aggressiveness. Likewise, there was no difference in PPAT lipid biology between lean and obese men. In conclusion, lipid biological features of PPAT do differ from SAT; however, we did not observe any meaningful difference in ex vivo PPAT biology that is associated with PCa aggressiveness or obesity. As such, our findings do not support a relationship between altered PCa behavior in obese men and the metabolic reprogramming of PPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan Miladinovic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Haynes
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Colin H. Cortie
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Prostate Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Clinic, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Higashida K, Takeuchi N, Inoue S, Hashimoto T, Nakai N. Iron deficiency attenuates catecholamine‑stimulated lipolysis via downregulation of lipolysis‑related proteins and glucose utilization in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1383-1389. [PMID: 32016466 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency has been associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency on fat metabolism, particularly regarding the lipolytic activity, lipolysis‑related protein expression, and glucose utilization of adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3‑L1 adipocytes were incubated with an iron chelator, deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), for 48 h. Subsequently, basal and isoproterenol‑stimulated lipolytic activities, the proteins involved in lipolysis and glucose utilization were compared with a control (CON). The results revealed that treatment with DFO significantly decreased the free iron content but did not affect total protein and lipid contents in adipocytes. Iron deprivation caused a significant reduction in isoproterenol‑stimulated lipolysis, but not basal lipolysis. Lipolysis‑related proteins, including perilipin A, adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone sensitive lipase and comparative gene identification‑58, were decreased in the DFO compared with the CON group. Furthermore, glucose utilization, a major precursor of 3‑glycerol phosphate for micro‑lipid droplet synthesis during lipolysis and the expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 were significantly lower in the DFO group when compared with the CON group. However, hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α and GLUT1 expressions were upregulated in DFO‑treated adipocytes. In conclusion, the results indicated that low iron availability attenuated catecholamine‑stimulated lipolysis by downregulating lipolytic enzymes and glucose utilization in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Higashida
- Department of Nutrition, Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522‑8533, Japan
| | - Nodoka Takeuchi
- Department of Nutrition, Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522‑8533, Japan
| | - Sachika Inoue
- Department of Nutrition, Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522‑8533, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525‑8577, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakai
- Department of Nutrition, Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522‑8533, Japan
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25
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Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Carboxylesterases: Pharmacological Inhibition Regulated Expression and Transcriptional Involvement of Nuclear Receptors and other Transcription Factors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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26
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Duarte CRA, Farmer C, Palin MF. Body condition of late pregnant gilts affects the expression of selected adipokines and their receptors in mammary fat and backfat tissues. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:220-230. [PMID: 30321363 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of body condition in late gestating gilts on gene expression of selected adipokines and their receptors in backfat and mammary fat tissues was studied. The presence of associations between mammary gland composition variables and the mRNA abundance of selected genes and serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin was also investigated. A total of 45 gilts were selected at mating based on their backfat depth and were allocated to three groups: (1) low backfat (LBF; 12-15 mm; n = 14), (2) medium backfat (MBF; 17-19 mm; n = 15), and (3) high backfat (HBF; 22-26 mm; n = 16). Gilts were fed different amounts of a conventional diet to maintain differences in backfat depth throughout the gestation period. Blood samples were collected at day 109 of gestation to measure adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations. Gilts were slaughtered on day 110 of gestation, and mammary glands were collected to determine mammary composition. Mammary fat and backfat tissues were also sampled to measure the mRNA abundance of selected genes. In mammary fat tissue, there was an effect of body condition on the prolactin (PRL; P = 0.01), adiponutrin (PNPLA3; P < 0.10), and prolactin receptor long form (PRLR-LF; P < 0.10) genes. There was a greater PRL mRNA abundance in mammary fat tissue from HBF than LBF or MBF gilts (P < 0.05). The PNPLA3 mRNA abundance was lower in HBF than in MBF gilts (P < 0.05), and that of PRLR-LF was lower in LBF than in HBF gilts (P < 0.05). In backfat, body condition affected the mRNA abundance of leptin (P < 0.05) and PNPLA3 (P < 0.01), with the greatest expression levels being observed in HBF gilts for both genes. Association analyses suggest a detrimental effect of high circulating leptin concentrations on gilts mammary development, as reflected by the negative correlations between serum leptin and protein percent (r = -0.66, P < 0.01), and concentrations of DNA (r = -0.62, P < 0.01) and RNA (r = -0.60, P < 0.01) in mammary parenchyma. Current results show that body condition of gilts at the end of gestation can affect the expression of adipokines in mammary fat and backfat tissues, with a different regulation of transcript abundance being observed in these two fat depots. Results also suggest that circulating leptin is strongly associated with mammary gland composition of late pregnant gilts, whereas locally synthesized leptin from mammary fat tissue is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R A Duarte
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil
| | - Chantal Farmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Marie-France Palin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
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Ji Y, Yiorkas AM, Frau F, Mook-Kanamori D, Staiger H, Thomas EL, Atabaki-Pasdar N, Campbell A, Tyrrell J, Jones SE, Beaumont RN, Wood AR, Tuke MA, Ruth KS, Mahajan A, Murray A, Freathy RM, Weedon MN, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Machann J, Häring HU, Franks P, de Mutsert R, Pearson E, Stefan N, Frayling TM, Allebrandt KV, Bell JD, Blakemore AI, Yaghootkar H. Genome-Wide and Abdominal MRI Data Provide Evidence That a Genetically Determined Favorable Adiposity Phenotype Is Characterized by Lower Ectopic Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Hypertension. Diabetes 2019; 68:207-219. [PMID: 30352878 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify more of these variants and test the hypothesis that such favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous fat and lower ectopic fat. We combined MRI data with genome-wide association studies of body fat percentage (%) and metabolic traits. We report 14 alleles, including 7 newly characterized alleles, associated with higher adiposity but a favorable metabolic profile. Consistent with previous studies, individuals carrying more favorable adiposity alleles had higher body fat % and higher BMI but lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. These individuals also had higher subcutaneous fat but lower liver fat and a lower visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Individual alleles associated with higher body fat % but lower liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes included those in PPARG, GRB14, and IRS1, whereas the allele in ANKRD55 was paradoxically associated with higher visceral fat but lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Most identified favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous and lower liver fat, a mechanism consistent with the beneficial effects of storing excess triglycerides in metabolically low-risk depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrianos M Yiorkas
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | - Francesca Frau
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, TMED Translational Informatics, Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Naeimeh Atabaki-Pasdar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, U.K
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Karla V Allebrandt
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, TMED Translational Informatics, Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K.
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Lan YL, Lou JC, Lyu W, Zhang B. Update on the synergistic effect of HSL and insulin in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819877300. [PMID: 31565213 PMCID: PMC6755629 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819877300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the three lipases in adipose tissue present during periods of energy demand. HSL is tightly controlled by insulin regulation via the central and peripheral systems. The suppressive effects of insulin on HSL are also associated with complex crosstalk with other pathways in the metabolic network. Because impaired insulin action is the driving force behind the pathogenesis of diabetes and other metabolic complications, elucidation of the intricate relationships between HSL and insulin may provide an in-depth understanding of these pandemic diseases and potentially identify strategies to inhibit disease development. Insulin not only differentially regulates HSL isoform transcription but also post-transcriptionally affects HSL phosphorylation by stimulating PKA and endothelin (ET-1), and controls its expression indirectly via regulating the activity of growth hormone (GH). In addition, a rapid elevation of HSL levels was detected after insulin injection in patients, which suggests that the inhibitory effects of insulin on HSL can be overridden by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conversely, individuals with hereditary HSL deficiency, and animals with experimental HSL deletion, showed major disruptions in mRNA/protein expression in insulin signaling pathways, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver. Notably, HSL inactivation could cause insulin-independent fatty liver, while insulin resistance induced by HSL deficiency may further aggravate disease progression. The common beliefs that HSL is the overall rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis and that insulin is an inhibitor of HSL have been challenged by recent discoveries; therefore, a renewed examination of their relationships is required. In this review, by analyzing current data related to the role of, and mutual regulation between, HSL and insulin and discussing unanswered questions and disparities in different lines of studies, the authors intend to shed light on our understanding of lipid metabolism and provide a rational basis for future research in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Bürger M, Chory J. Structural and chemical biology of deacetylases for carbohydrates, proteins, small molecules and histones. Commun Biol 2018; 1:217. [PMID: 30534609 PMCID: PMC6281622 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group and occurs on a plethora of targets and for a wide range of biological reasons. Several pathogens deacetylate their surface carbohydrates to evade immune response or to support biofilm formation. Furthermore, dynamic acetylation/deacetylation cycles govern processes from chromatin remodeling to posttranslational modifications that compete with phosphorylation. Acetylation usually occurs on nitrogen and oxygen atoms and are referred to as N- and O-acetylation, respectively. This review discusses the structural prerequisites that enzymes must have to catalyze the deacetylation reaction, and how they adapted by formation of specific substrate and metal binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bürger
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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30
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Pavone P, Corsello G, Marino S, Ruggieri M, Falsaperla R. Microcephaly/Trigonocephaly, Intellectual Disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Atypical Dysmorphic Features in a Boy with Xp22.31 Duplication. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:253-258. [PMID: 30733660 DOI: 10.1159/000493174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xp22.31 segment of the short arm of the human X chromosome is a region of high instability with frequent rearrangement. The duplication of this region has been found in healthy people as well as in individuals with varying degrees of neurological impairment. The incidence has been reported in a range of 0.4-0.44% of the patients with neurological impairment. Moreover, there is evidence that Xp22.31 duplication may cause a common phenotype including developmental delay, intellectual disability, feeding difficulty, autistic spectrum disorders, hypotonia, seizures, and talipes. We report on a patient with microcephaly and trigonocephaly, moderate intellectual disability, speech and language delay, and poor social interaction in addition to minor but atypical dysmorphic features. This report provides further insight into the pathogenicity of the Xp22.31 duplication by extending knowledge of its clinical features. This case, in association with those reported in the literature, indicates that the Xp22.31 duplication may contribute to cause pathological phenotypes with minor facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, and intellectual disability as main features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, A.U.O. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- University Hospital, A.U.O. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, A.U.O. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- University Hospital, A.U.O. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Catania, Catania, Italy
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31
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Schwarz KRL, Botigelli RC, Del Collado M, Cavallari de Castro F, Fernandes H, Paschoal DM, Leal CLV. Effects of fetal calf serum on cGMP pathway and oocyte lipid metabolism in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1593-1601. [PMID: 27554265 DOI: 10.1071/rd15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, such as cGMP, are involved in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) express enzymes that both synthesise (guanylate cyclase) and degrade (phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A) cGMP. Because serum interferes with lipid metabolism, its effects on the cGMP pathway and lipid content in bovine COCs were examined. COCs were matured in medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS; 2% or 10%) or 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA; control). At both 2% and 10%, FCS decreased cGMP levels in COCs compared with BSA (0.64 and 1.04 vs 9.46 fmol per COC respectively; P<0.05) and decreased transcript levels of guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 3 (GUCY1B3), whereas PDE5A levels were increased. FCS also affected the expression of genes related to lipolysis, increasing relative expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) in cumulus cells. Effects of FCS and cGMP on the lipid content of oocytes and embryos were evaluated by Nile red staining. COCs were matured with 10% FCS, FCS+10-5 M sildenafil (SDF), a PDE5 inhibitor, or 0.4% BSA. The lipid content was increased in oocytes matured in FCS compared with BSA (fluorescence intensity 20.1 vs 17.61 respectively; P<0.05), whereas the lipid content in oocytes matured in FCS+SDF (fluorescence intensity 16.33) was similar to that in the BSA-treated group (P>0.05). In addition, lipid content was higher in embryos from oocytes matured with FCS than BSA (fluorescence intensity 31.12 vs 22.31 respectively; P<0.05), but was increased even further in the FCS+SDF-treated group (fluorescence intensity 40.35; P<0.05), possibly due to a compensatory mechanism during embryo culture without SDF for the reduction in lipid content during IVM. The present study provides, for the first time, evidence that the cGMP pathway may be involved in lipid metabolism in bovine COCs and that this pathway is affected by FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia R L Schwarz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Road. Domingos Sartori, 21500, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cavallari de Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
| | - Daniela M Paschoal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
| | - Cláudia Lima Verde Leal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga - SP, CEP 13635-900,Brazil
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Lian J, Bahitham W, Panigrahi R, Nelson R, Li L, Watts R, Thiesen A, Lemieux MJ, Lehner R. Genetic variation in human carboxylesterase CES1 confers resistance to hepatic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:688-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qiao Y, Bagheri H, Tang F, Badduke C, Martell S, Lewis SME, Robinson W, Connolly MB, Arbour L, Rajcan-Separovic E. Exome sequencing identified a de novo mutation of PURA gene in a patient with familial Xp22.31 microduplication. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103-108. [PMID: 29908350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of Xp22.31 microduplication is controversial as it is reported in subjects with developmental delay (DD), their unaffected relatives and unrelated controls. We performed multifaceted studies in a family of a boy with hypotonia, dysmorphic features and DD who carried a 600 Kb Xp22.31 microduplication (7515787-8123310bp, hg19) containing two genes, VCX and PNPLA4. The duplication was transmitted from his cognitively normal maternal grandfather. We found no evidence of the duplication causing the proband's DD and congenital anomalies based on unaltered expression of PNPLA4 in the proband and his mother in comparison to controls and preferential activation of the paternal chromosome X with Xp22.31 duplication in proband's mother. However, a de novo, previously reported deleterious, missense mutation in Pur-alpha gene (PURA) (5q31.2), with a role in neuronal differentiation was detected in the proband by exome sequencing. We propose that the variability in the phenotype in carriers of Xp22.31 microduplication can be due to a second and more deleterious genetic mutation in more severely affected carriers. Widespread use of whole genome next generation sequencing in families with Xp22.31 CNV could help identify such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hani Bagheri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Flamingo Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sally Martell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzanne M E Lewis
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary B Connolly
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UBC and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Wang LC, Pan TM, Tsai TY. Lactic acid bacteria-fermented product of green tea and Houttuynia cordata leaves exerts anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:973-984. [PMID: 29976415 PMCID: PMC9303034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with higher risks of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Green tea, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC), has been shown to display anti-obesity effects. Houttuynia cordata leaves have also been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects due to their chlorogenic acid content. Lactic acid bacteria are able to increase the production of polyphenolic compounds. This study aims to develop a novel anti-obesity fermentation product by combining H. cordata leaf tea with green tea, using Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) for fermentation due to the advantages of bioconverting the poly-phenolic compounds. The regulation of adipogenesis factors and the anti-obesity effect of the NTU 101-fermented tea were evaluated in an in vitro 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model and an in vivo obese rat model, respectively. The results show that the NTU 101-fermented tea, which contained higher EGCG, EGC, and chlorogenic acid levels than unfermented tea, was able to inhibit the lipogenesis of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by the stimulation of lipolysis. Furthermore, the body weight gain, body fat pad, and feeding efficiency of obese rats, induced with a high fat diet, were decreased by the oral administration of NTU 101-fermented tea. The significant anti-obesity effect was probably due to lipolysis. However, NTU 101 bacteria cells and EGCG may also act as functional ingredients to contribute to the anti-obesity effects of NTU 101-fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wang
- Ph.D. Program of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Continuing Education School, National Taitung Junior College, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Division, Sunway Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Ph.D. Program of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Watson RA, Gates AS, Wynn EH, Calvert FE, Girousse A, Lelliott CJ, Barroso I. Lyplal1 is dispensable for normal fat deposition in mice. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1481-1488. [PMID: 29084768 PMCID: PMC5769613 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have detected association between variants in or near the Lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1) locus and metabolic traits, including central obesity, fatty liver and waist-to-hip ratio. LYPLAL1 is also known to be upregulated in the adipose tissue of obese patients. However, the physiological role of LYPLAL1 is not understood. To investigate the function of Lyplal1 in vivo we investigated the phenotype of the Lyplal1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi homozygous mouse. Body composition was unaltered in Lyplal1 knockout mice as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning, both on normal chow and on a high-fat diet. Adipose tissue distribution between visceral and subcutaneous fat depots was unaltered, with no change in adipocyte cell size. The response to both insulin and glucose dosing was normal in Lyplal1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi homozygous mice, with normal fasting blood glucose concentrations. RNAseq analysis of liver, muscle and adipose tissue confirmed that Lyplal1 expression was ablated with minimal additional changes in gene expression. These results suggest that Lyplal1 is dispensable for normal mouse metabolic physiology and that despite having been maintained through evolution Lyplal1 is not an essential gene, suggesting possible functional redundancy. Further studies will be required to clarify its physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Watson
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Amy S Gates
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Wynn
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fiona E Calvert
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Amandine Girousse
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1031, CHU Rangueil, Batiment L1, BP 84225, 31 432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christopher J Lelliott
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK .,Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Yaseri M, Zahed NS, Alipoor E. Comparative Assessment of Serum Adipokines Zinc-α2-glycoprotein and Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Between Normal Weight and Obese Patients with Hemodialysis. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:459-466. [PMID: 29128140 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the potential relationship of obesity, adipose tissue and novel adipokines with cardiometabolic risk factors in end-stage renal disease. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) are novel adipokines with proposed desirable effects on inflammation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of ZAG and ATGL, and the relationship of these adipokines with cardiovascular risk factors in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS Patients with regular hemodialysis including 44 normal weight (18.5<BMI<25 kg/m2) and 44 obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were enrolled. Serum lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and nitric oxide metabolites along with ZAG and ATGL concentrations were assessed. RESULTS ZAG concentrations were significantly lower in OB compared to NW group (100 ± 34 vs. 106 ± 31 ng/ml; p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed in ATGL between the two groups. A significant inverse correlation between ZAG and HDL (r = ‒0.236, p = 0.048) and a marginal inverse correlation between ATGL and HDL (r = ‒0.211, p = 0.078) were observed in all patients. ZAG had positive correlations with triglyceride/HDL (r = 0.279, p = 0.019), cholesterol/HDL (r = 0.319, p = 0.007), and LDL/HDL (r = 0.26, p = 0.029) ratios. Among cardiovascular risk factors, only LDL/HDL ratio and hsCRP were significantly higher in OB patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of ZAG, but not ATGL, were significantly lower in the OB group. It appears that obesity overrides the role of hemodialysis in determining ZAG concentration. In contrast, uremic condition might overshadow the role of obesity in determining levels of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mitra Mahdavi-Mazdeh
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Sadat Zahed
- Department of Nephrology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Köfeler H, Frank S. Reduced expression of adipose triglyceride lipase decreases arachidonic acid release and prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:249-253. [PMID: 28368219 PMCID: PMC5942144 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1309052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells represent an important source of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived mediators involved in the generation of anti- or proatherogenic environments. Evidence emerged (in mast cells), that in addition to phospholipases, neutral lipid hydrolases as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) also participate in this process. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of ATGL on AA-release from cellular phospholipids (PL) and on prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). METHODS AND RESULTS siRNA-mediated silencing of ATGL promoted lipid droplet formation and TG accumulation in HAEC (nile red stain). ATGL knockdown decreased the basal and A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced release of 14C-AA from (14C-AA-labeled) HAEC. In A23187-stimulated ATGL silenced cells, this was accompanied by a decreased content of 14C-AA in cellular PL and a decreased secretion of prostacyclin (determined by 6-keto PGF1α EIA). CONCLUSIONS In vascular endothelial cells, the efficiency of stimulus-induced AA release and prostacyclin secretion is dependent on ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- CONTACT Monika Riederer
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Saša FrankInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010Graz, Austria
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Lv D, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhu YM. Two obesity susceptibility loci in LYPLAL1 and ETV5 independently associated with childhood hypertension in Chinese population. Gene 2017. [PMID: 28645872 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Genome-wide association studies have identified novel obesity-associated susceptibility loci. Associations of these variants with childhood obesity have been studied in our previous research. The purpose of this study is to investigate if these loci are associated with hypertension being independent of obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS Nineteen candidate SNPs were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among Chinese children (N=2954, 514 hypertension and 2440 controls, aged 7-17years). Dietary behaviors were assessed through face to face investigations. RESULTS Of the nineteen obese related SNPs, ten SNPs were found to be associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Chinese children. After adjusting for age, sex and WHtR, rs2605100 in LYPLAL1was found to be associated with high blood pressure (HBP) under dominant model (P=0.024) with the OR of 1.274 (95% CI =1.033-1.572, effect genotype=GG). The distribution of genotype of rs7647305 in ETV5 showed significant difference between HBP and non-HBP subjects under dominant model (P=0.011) with the OR of 0.654 (95% CI=0.471-0.909, effect genotype=CC). Using rs2605100 and rs7647305, the genetic risk score (GRS) analysis showed that, after adjusted for age, sex and WHtR, subjects carrying one or two risk alleles had the risks of hypertension with the ORs 1.797 (95% CI, 1.168-2.765), 2.149 (95% CI, 1.375-3.357) comparing with the subjects with non-risk-allele. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of obesity-associated loci, LYPLAL1 rs2605100 and ETV5 rs7647305 independently associate with the risk of childhood hypertension in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lv
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lian J, Nelson R, Lehner R. Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism: from mouse to human. Protein Cell 2017; 9:178-195. [PMID: 28677105 PMCID: PMC5818367 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases hydrolyze a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, including lipid esters. Physiological functions of carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in vivo have been demonstrated by genetic manipulations and chemical inhibition in mice, and in vitro through (over)expression, knockdown of expression, and chemical inhibition in a variety of cells. Recent research advances have revealed the relevance of carboxylesterases to metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver disease, suggesting these enzymes might be potential targets for treatment of metabolic disorders. In order to translate pre-clinical studies in cellular and mouse models to humans, differences and similarities of carboxylesterases between mice and human need to be elucidated. This review presents and discusses the research progress in structure and function of mouse and human carboxylesterases, and the role of these enzymes in lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lian
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Randal Nelson
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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40
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Huo YY, Li S, Huang J, Rong Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Ji R, Kuang S, Cui HL, Li J, Xu XW. Crystal structure of Pelagibacterium halotolerans PE8: New insight into its substrate-binding pattern. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4422. [PMID: 28667306 PMCID: PMC5493697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipase_carboxylesterase (LPCE) has highly conserved homologs in many diverse species ranging from bacteria to humans, as well as substantial biological significance and potential therapeutic implications. However, its biological function and catalytic mechanism remain minimally investigated because of the lack of structural information. Here, we report the crystal structure of a bacterial esterase PE8 belonging to the LPCE family. The crystal structure of PE8 was solved with a high resolution of 1.66 Å. Compared with other homologs in the family, significant differences were observed in the amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure, and substrate-binding pattern. Residue Arg79 undergoes configuration switching when binding to the substrate and forms a unique wall, leading to a relatively closed cavity in the substrate-binding pocket compared with the relatively more open and longer clefts in other homologs. Moreover, the mutant Met122Ala showed much stronger substrate affinity and higher catalytic efficiency because less steric repulsion acted on the substrates. Taken together, these results showed that, in PE8, Arg79 and Met122 play important roles in substrate binding and the binding pocket shaping, respectively. Our study provides new insight into the catalytic mechanism of LPCE, which may facilitate the development of structure-based therapeutics and other biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Suhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Siyun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Heng-Lin Cui
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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41
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Watt MJ, Cheng Y. Triglyceride metabolism in exercising muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1250-1259. [PMID: 28652193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides are stored within lipid droplets in skeletal muscle and can be hydrolyzed to produce fatty acids for energy production through β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. While there was some controversy regarding the quantitative importance of intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) as a metabolic substrate, recent advances in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and confocal microscopy support earlier tracer and biopsy studies demonstrating a substantial contribution of IMTG to energy production, particularly during moderate-intensity endurance exercise. This review provides an update on the understanding of IMTG utilization during exercise, with a focus on describing the key regulatory proteins that control IMTG breakdown and how these proteins respond to acute exercise and in the adaptation to exercise training. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watt
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Yunsheng Cheng
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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42
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Badoud F, Brewer D, Charchoglyan A, Cuthbertson DJ, Mutch DM. Multi-omics Integrative Investigation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Obese and Lean Subcutaneous Tissue. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 21:371-379. [PMID: 28618245 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a central role in whole-body energy homeostasis through storage and release of fatty acids. A deeper understanding of the complex and highly integrated pathways regulating WAT fatty acid metabolism, and how they are altered with obesity, is necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in nutritional disorders. In this multi-omics study, we investigated the influence of obesity on fatty acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) using an approach that integrated transcriptomic, peptidomic, and fatty acid analyses. Notably, all analyses were conducted in the same adipose tissue sample from each participant, thus minimizing the chance of spurious results. In a sample of SAT from the periumbilical abdominal region of obese (n = 11, mean body mass index [BMI] = 35.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and lean subjects (n = 9, mean BMI = 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2), we found that obese SAT tended to have higher relative amounts of specific monounsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lower amounts of saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with differential regulation of lipogenic and lipolytic pathways in obese SAT. Fatty acid analysis showed changes in estimated fatty acid desaturase and elongase activities between lean and obese SAT (p < 0.05). Biomarkers of lipogenesis (e.g., fatty acid synthase protein) were differentially regulated between lean and obese SAT. These changes were noted in conjunction with increases in extracellular matrix remodeling proteins. Transcriptomic data revealed that the key regulators of lipolysis were reduced in obese SAT. This integrative multi-omics analysis collectively shows that obese SAT has a distinct fatty acid signature compared to lean SAT and the pathways underlying fatty acid metabolism are broadly regulated at the level of gene expression and protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badoud
- 1 Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dyanne Brewer
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David M Mutch
- 1 Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Shin AC, Filatova N, Lindtner C, Chi T, Degann S, Oberlin D, Buettner C. Insulin Receptor Signaling in POMC, but Not AgRP, Neurons Controls Adipose Tissue Insulin Action. Diabetes 2017; 66:1560-1571. [PMID: 28385803 PMCID: PMC5440019 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a key regulator of adipose tissue lipolysis, and impaired adipose tissue insulin action results in unrestrained lipolysis and lipotoxicity, which are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Insulin regulates adipose tissue metabolism through direct effects on adipocytes and through signaling in the central nervous system by dampening sympathetic outflow to the adipose tissue. Here we examined the role of insulin signaling in agouti-related protein (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in regulating hepatic and adipose tissue insulin action. Mice lacking the insulin receptor in AgRP neurons (AgRP IR KO) exhibited impaired hepatic insulin action because the ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production (hGP) was reduced, but the ability of insulin to suppress lipolysis was unaltered. To the contrary, in POMC IR KO mice, insulin lowered hGP but failed to suppress adipose tissue lipolysis. High-fat diet equally worsened glucose tolerance in AgRP and POMC IR KO mice and their respective controls but increased hepatic triglyceride levels only in POMC IR KO mice, consistent with impaired lipolytic regulation resulting in fatty liver. These data suggest that although insulin signaling in AgRP neurons is important in regulating glucose metabolism, insulin signaling in POMC neurons controls adipose tissue lipolysis and prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Shin
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nika Filatova
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany Chi
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Seta Degann
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Douglas Oberlin
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Kuang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Shen J, Pu S, Cheng S, Chen L, Li H, Wu T, Li R, Li Y, Zou M, Zhang Z, Jiang W, Xu G, Qu A, Xie W, He J. Fat-Specific Sirt6 Ablation Sensitizes Mice to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Lipolysis. Diabetes 2017; 66:1159-1171. [PMID: 28250020 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirt6 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that is involved in the control of energy metabolism. However, the tissue-specific function of Sirt6 in the adipose tissue remains unknown. In this study, we showed that fat-specific Sirt6 knockout (FKO) sensitized mice to high-fat diet-induced obesity, which was attributed to adipocyte hypertrophy rather than adipocyte hyperplasia. The adipocyte hypertrophy in FKO mice likely resulted from compromised lipolytic activity as an outcome of decreased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a key lipolytic enzyme. The suppression of ATGL in FKO mice was accounted for by the increased phosphorylation and acetylation of FoxO1, which compromises the transcriptional activity of this positive regulator of ATGL. Fat-specific Sirt6 KO also increased inflammation in the adipose tissue, which may have contributed to insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed FKO mice. We also observed that in obese patients, the expression of Sirt6 expression is reduced, which is associated with a reduction of ATGL expression. Our results suggest Sirt6 as an attractive therapeutic target for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center of Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Bandstein M, Mwinyi J, Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B, Schiöth HB. A genetic variant in proximity to the gene LYPLAL1 is associated with lower hunger feelings and increased weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1050-5. [PMID: 27181159 PMCID: PMC4926774 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1166519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment of severe obesity. We investigated to what extent BMI- or waist-hip ratio (WHR)-related genetic variants are associated with excess BMI loss (EBMIL) two years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and elucidated the affected biological pathways. METHODS Two-hundred fifty-one obese patients (age: 43 ± 10.7, preoperative BMI: 45.1 ± 6.1 kg/m(2), 186 women) underwent RYGB surgery and were followed up after two years with regard to BMI. Patients were genotyped for 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were investigated with regard to their impact on response to RYGB and preoperatively measured Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) scores. RESULTS Homozygous T carriers of the SNP rs4846567 in proximity to the Lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1) gene showed a 7% higher EBMIL compared to wild-type and heterozygous carriers (p = 0.031). TT-allele carriers showed furthermore lower scores for Hunger (74%, p < 0.001), lower Disinhibition (53%, p < 0.001), and higher Cognitive restraint (21%, p = 0.017) than GG/GT carriers in the TFEQ. Patients within the lowest quartile of Hunger scores had a 32% greater EBMIL compared to patients in the highest quartile (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The LYPLAL1 genotype is associated with differences in eating behavior and loss of extensive body weight following RYGB surgery. Genotyping and the use of eating behavior-related questionnaires may help to estimate the RYGB-associated therapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bandstein
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University,
Uppsala,
Sweden,CONTACTMarcus Bandstein
Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593,
751 24Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University,
Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Barbara Ernst
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center,
St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Martin Thurnheer
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center,
St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schultes
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center,
St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University,
Uppsala,
Sweden
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Phosphoprotein network analysis of white adipose tissues unveils deregulated pathways in response to high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25844. [PMID: 27180971 PMCID: PMC4867603 DOI: 10.1038/srep25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts in the last decade, signaling aberrations associated with obesity remain poorly understood. To dissect molecular mechanisms that define this complex metabolic disorder, we carried out global phosphoproteomic analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT) from mice fed on low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD). We quantified phosphorylation levels on 7696 peptides, and found significant differential phosphorylation levels in 282 phosphosites from 191 proteins, including various insulin-responsive proteins and metabolic enzymes involved in lipid homeostasis in response to high-fat feeding. Kinase-substrate prediction and integrated network analysis of the altered phosphoproteins revealed underlying signaling modulations during HFD-induced obesity, and suggested deregulation of lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Mutation of the differentially-regulated novel phosphosite on cytoplasmic acetyl-coA forming enzyme ACSS2 (S263A) upon HFD-induced obesity led to accumulation of serum triglycerides and reduced insulin-responsive AKT phosphorylation as compared to wild type ACSS2, thus highlighting its role in obesity. Altogether, our study presents a comprehensive map of adipose tissue phosphoproteome in obesity and reveals many previously unknown candidate phosphorylation sites for future functional investigation.
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Wang DD, Jin Q, Hou J, Feng L, Li N, Li SY, Zhou Q, Zou LW, Ge GB, Wang JG, Yang L. Highly sensitive and selective detection of human carboxylesterase 1 activity by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:212-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effect of Bariatric Weight Loss on the Adipose Lipolytic Transcriptome in Obese Humans. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:106237. [PMID: 26663986 PMCID: PMC4667060 DOI: 10.1155/2015/106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Dysregulated lipolysis has been implicated in mechanisms of cardiometabolic disease and inflammation in obesity. Purpose. We sought to examine the effect of bariatric weight loss on adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression and their relationship to systemic metabolic parameters in obese subjects. Methods/Results. We biopsied subcutaneous adipose tissue in 19 obese individuals (BMI 42 ± 5 kg/m2, 79% female) at baseline and after a mean period of 8 ± 5 months (range 3–15 months) following bariatric surgery. We performed adipose tissue mRNA expression of proteins involved in triglyceride hydrolysis and correlated their weight loss induced alterations with systemic parameters associated with cardiovascular disease risk. mRNA transcripts of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and lipid droplet proteins comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) and perilipin increased significantly after weight loss (p < 0.05 for all). ATGL expression correlated inversely with plasma triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and glucose, and HSL expression correlated negatively with glucose, while CGI-58 was inversely associated with HbA1C. Conclusion. We observed increased expression of adipose tissue lipolytic genes following bariatric weight loss which correlated inversely with systemic markers of lipid and glucose metabolism. Functional alterations in lipolysis in human adipose tissue may play a role in shaping cardiometabolic phenotypes in human obesity.
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Kahali B, Halligan B, Speliotes EK. Insights from Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2015; 35:375-91. [PMID: 26676813 PMCID: PMC4941959 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1567870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by hepatic steatosis, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will become the number one cause of liver disease worldwide by 2020. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is correlated albeit imperfectly with obesity and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, but exactly how having one of these diseases contributes to the development of other metabolic diseases is only now being elucidated. Development of NAFLD and related metabolic diseases is genetically influenced in the population, and recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered genetic variants that associate with these diseases. These GWAS-associated variants cannot only help us to identify individuals at high risk of developing NAFLD, but also to better understand its pathophysiology so that we can develop more effective treatments for this disease and related metabolic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Kahali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian Halligan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Decaffeinated green tea extract rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in normolipidic diet—but not high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:893-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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