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Singh A, Bhatt KS, Nguyen HC, Frisbee JC, Singh KK. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6180. [PMID: 38892367 PMCID: PMC11173124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under different pathophysiological conditions, endothelial cells lose endothelial phenotype and gain mesenchymal cell-like phenotype via a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). At the molecular level, endothelial cells lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and gain the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, and collagens. EndMT is induced by numerous different pathways triggered and modulated by multiple different and often redundant mechanisms in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathophysiological status of the cell. EndMT plays an essential role in embryonic development, particularly in atrioventricular valve development; however, EndMT is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several genetically determined and acquired diseases, including malignant, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Among cardiovascular diseases, aberrant EndMT is reported in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, fibroelastosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms behind the cause and/or effect of EndMT to eventually target EndMT appears to be a promising strategy for treating aberrant EndMT-associated diseases. However, this approach is limited by a lack of precise functional and molecular pathways, causes and/or effects, and a lack of robust animal models and human data about EndMT in different diseases. Here, we review different mechanisms in EndMT and the role of EndMT in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Kriti S. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Zheng X, Han Y, Gu L, Gao S, Lv Y, Li C. Study of the mechanism by which Xiaoyan decoction combined with E7449 regulates tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18467. [PMID: 38898581 PMCID: PMC11186742 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
TNKS is a new target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, the synergistic effects of the TCM compound Xiaoyan decoction and the TNKS inhibitor E7449 in the intervention on TNKS were investigated, and the possible underlying mechanisms involved were clarified. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse TNKS expression in tumour tissues. The impact of targeting TNKS on cell growth, invasion, apoptosis, key genes and signalling pathways was investigated in tumour cells by Western blotting, rescue experiments, colony formation assays, flow cytometry and label-free experiments. Tumour xenografts with A549 cells were then transplanted for in vivo study. We found that TNKS high expression was closely related to the advanced tumour stage and tumour size in lung adenocarcinom. After TNKS was knocked down in vitro, the growth, proliferation, migration and invasion were markedly reduced in A549 and H1975 cells. We subsequently applied the Xiaoyan decoction and TNKS inhibitors to intervene in lung adenocarcinoma. Xiaoyan decoction and E7449 suppressed TNKS expression and inhibited adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in vitro. Proteomic analysis revealed that E7449 treatment may be most closely associated with the classic Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereas Xiaoyan decoction treatment may be related to the WNT/PLAN pathway. Xenograft studies confirmed that E7449 or Xiaoyan decoction inhibited lung tumour growth in vivo and attenuated the Wnt signalling pathway in adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that TNKS is a novel therapeutic target. TCM preparations and small molecule inhibitors are expected to constitute an effective combination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Yanyan Han
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Lili Gu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Shan Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Yan Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Chong Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
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3
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Karimifard SA, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Taghizadeh-Tabarsi R, Akbari-Birgani S. Mechanical effects modulate drug resistance in MCF-7-derived organoids: Insights into the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149420. [PMID: 38154263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Addressing drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, as cancer cells develop diverse mechanisms to evade chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure and disease relapse. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has emerged as a valuable model for studying drug resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By obtaining a better understanding of drug resistance within the 3D culture environment, we can develop more effective strategies to overcome it and improve the success of cancer treatments. Notably, the physical structure undergoes notable changes in 3D culture, with mechanical effects believed to play a pivotal role in drug resistance. Hence, our study aimed to explore the influence of mechanical effects on drug resistance by analyzing data related to "drug resistance" and "mechanobiology". Through this analysis, we identified β-catenin and JNK1 as potential factors, which were further examined in MCF-7 cells cultivated under both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Our findings demonstrate that β-catenin is activated through canonical and non-canonical pathways and associated with the drug resistance, particularly in organoids obtained under 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Karimifard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | | | - Reza Taghizadeh-Tabarsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
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4
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Peng Z, Lu S, Lou Z, Li Z, Li S, Yang K, Li C. Retracted Article: Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoted osteogenic differentiation by delivering miR-196a that targeted Dickkopf-1 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Bioengineered 2023; 14:1996015. [PMID: 34720039 PMCID: PMC10501159 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Statement of RetractionWe, the Publisher of the journal Bioengineered, have retracted the following article:Zhi Peng et al - Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoted osteogenic differentiation by delivering miR-196a that targeted Dickkopf-1 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Bioengineered (2021) (DOI: https://www.10.1080/21655979.2021.1996015)Since publication, significant concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data and reported results in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors checked their data and confirmed there are fundamental errors present. Therefore, they have agreed to the retraction of this article. The authors apologise for this oversight.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan650504, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, , No. 504 Qingnian Rd, Kunming, Yunnan650011, China
| | - Zhenkai Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan650032, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated of Dali University, No. 32 Jiashibo Rd, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated of Dali University, No. 32 Jiashibo Rd, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Kaishun Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated of Dali University, No. 32 Jiashibo Rd, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated of Dali University, No. 32 Jiashibo Rd, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
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Nair AS, Jayan AP, Anandu KR, Saiprabha VN, Pappachen LK. Unraveling the prevalence of various signalling pathways in non-small-cell lung cancer: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2875-2890. [PMID: 37014561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.6 million fatalities globally in 2012, or nearly 20% of all cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer, a type of lung cancer comprises upto 84% of lung cancer cases, demonstrating the need for a more effective treatment. A novel category of cancer management, known as targeted cancer medicines, has risen to prominence in recent years. Targeted cancer treatments, like traditional chemotherapy, employ pharmacological drugs to slow cancer development, enhance cell death, and prevent it from spreading. Targeted treatments, as the name implies, work by interfering with particular proteins implicated in cancer. Numerous research conducted in the last several decades have led to the conclusion that signalling pathways are involved in the growth of lung cancer. All malignant tumours are produced, spread, invade, and behave in various abnormal ways due to abnormal pathways. Numerous significant signalling pathways, including the RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase pathway (hence often referred to as RTK-RAS for simplicity), PI3K/Akt signalling, and others, have been discovered as commonly genetically changed. The current developments in research on various signalling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the molecules implicated in these pathways, are innovatively summarised in this review. To give a good sense of the study that has been done so far, many routes are placed together. Thus, this review includes the detailed description regarding each pathways, the mutations formed, and the present treatment strategy to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay P Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K R Anandu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Saiprabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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6
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Tufail M, Wu C. WNT5A: a double-edged sword in colorectal cancer progression. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108465. [PMID: 37495091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in cancer, and WNT5A is a member of this pathway that binds to the Frizzled (FZD) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor (ROR) family members to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The WNT5A pathway is involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and polarization. In the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), abnormal activation or inhibition of WNT5A signaling can lead to both oncogenic and antitumor effects. Moreover, WNT5A is associated with inflammation, metastasis, and altered metabolism in cancer cells. This article aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and dual roles of WNT5A in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Liu YJ, Du J, Li J, Tan XP, Zhang Q. CTHRC1, a novel gene with multiple functions in physiology, disease and solid tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:266. [PMID: 37216164 PMCID: PMC10193374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a gene discovered in 2005; it is highly conserved, and no homologous proteins have been disclosed thus far. A number of studies have shown that CTHRC1 is present in normal tissues and organs, and it has vital functions in physiological processes, including participating in the regulation of metabolism, arterial remodeling, bone formation and myelination of the peripheral nervous system. It has been reported that abnormal expression of CTHRC1 is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human organs, such as the breast, colon, pancreas, lung, stomach and liver. Therefore, the present review aims to collate all known findings and results on the regulation of CTHRC1 expression and related signaling pathways. To conclude, this review also provides a hypothesis of the functional mechanism of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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8
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Lin WH, Cooper LM, Anastasiadis PZ. Cadherins and catenins in cancer: connecting cancer pathways and tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1137013. [PMID: 37255594 PMCID: PMC10225604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin complexes are integral components of the adherens junctions crucial for cell-cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these complexes is linked to cancer development via alteration of cell-autonomous oncogenic signaling pathways and extrinsic tumor microenvironment. Advances in multiomics have uncovered key signaling events in multiple cancer types, creating a need for a better understanding of the crosstalk between cadherin-catenin complexes and oncogenic pathways. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of classical cadherins and associated catenins, describe how their dysregulation influences major cancer pathways, and discuss feedback regulation mechanisms between cadherin complexes and cellular signaling. We discuss evidence of cross regulation in the following contexts: Hippo-Yap/Taz and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, key pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth; Wnt, Notch, and hedgehog signaling, key developmental pathways involved in human cancer; as well as TGFβ and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, an important process for cancer cell plasticity. Moreover, we briefly explore the role of cadherins and catenins in mechanotransduction and the immune tumor microenvironment.
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Jia S, Ratzan EM, Goodrich EJ, Abrar R, Heiland L, Tarchini B, Deans MR. The dark kinase STK32A regulates hair cell planar polarity opposite of EMX2 in the developing mouse inner ear. eLife 2023; 12:e84910. [PMID: 37144879 PMCID: PMC10202454 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular maculae of the inner ear contain sensory receptor hair cells that detect linear acceleration and contribute to equilibrioception to coordinate posture and ambulatory movements. These hair cells are divided between two groups, separated by a line of polarity reversal (LPR), with oppositely oriented planar-polarized stereociliary bundles that detect motion in opposite directions. The transcription factor EMX2 is known to establish this planar polarized organization in mouse by regulating the distribution of the transmembrane receptor GPR156 at hair cell boundaries in one group of cells. However, the genes regulated by EMX2 in this context were previously not known. Using mouse as a model, we have identified the serine threonine kinase STK32A as a downstream effector negatively regulated by EMX2. Stk32a is expressed in hair cells on one side of the LPR in a pattern complementary to Emx2 expression in hair cells on the opposite side. Stk32a is necessary to align the intrinsic polarity of the bundle with the core planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in EMX2-negative regions, and is sufficient to reorient bundles when ectopically expressed in neighboring EMX2-positive regions. We demonstrate that STK32A reinforces LPR formation by regulating the apical localization of GPR156. These observations support a model in which bundle orientation is determined through separate mechanisms in hair cells on opposite sides of the maculae, with EMX2-mediated repression of Stk32a determining the final position of the LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Evan M Ratzan
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ellison J Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Raisa Abrar
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Luke Heiland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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10
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Aničić S, Bukovac A, Kafka A. Wnt Signaling Inhibitors and Their Promising Role in Tumor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076733. [PMID: 37047705 PMCID: PMC10095594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a continuous search for the improvement of antitumor therapies, the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway has been recognized as a promising target. The altered functioning of the Wnt signaling in human tumors points to the strategy of the inhibition of its activity that would impact the clinical outcomes and survival of patients. Because the Wnt pathway is often mutated or epigenetically altered in tumors, which promotes its activation, inhibitors of Wnt signaling are being intensively investigated. It has been shown that knocking down specific components of the Wnt pathway has inhibitory effects on tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Thus, similar effects are expected from the application of Wnt inhibitors. In the last decades, molecules acting as inhibitors on the pathway’s specific molecular levels have been identified and characterized. This review will discuss the inhibitors of the canonical Wnt pathway, summarize knowledge on their effectiveness as therapeutics, and debate their side effects. The role of the components frequently mutated in various tumors that are principal targets for Wnt inhibitors is also going to be brought to the reader’s attention. Some of the molecules identified as Wnt pathway inhibitors have reached early stages of clinical trials, and some have only just been discovered. All things considered, inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway shows potential for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Aničić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kung CY, Fang WL, Hung YP, Huang KH, Chen MH, Chao Y, Lin SC, Li AFY, Lo SS, Wu CW. Comparison of the mutation patterns between tumor tissue and cell-free DNA in stage IV gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:777-790. [PMID: 36779847 PMCID: PMC9970310 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared to stage I-III gastric cancer (GC), the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was significantly higher in stage IV GC. The mutation patterns of different metastatic patterns between cfDNA and tumor DNA in stage IV GC have not yet been reported. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze cfDNA and tumor DNA in 56 stage IV GC patients. Tumor DNA and cfDNA were analyzed using a 29-gene NGS panel. In tumor samples, the most commonly mutated gene was TP53 (64%), followed by ARID1A (62%), KMT2C (60%) and KMT2D (58%). In cfDNA samples, the most commonly mutated genes were FAT4 (19%) and MACF1 (19%), followed by KMT2D (18%), ARID1A (14%) and LRP1B (14%). The concordance of mutation patterns in these 29 genes was 42.0% between cfDNA and tumor DNA. A specificity of 100% was found when using the mutation status of cfDNA to predict mutations in tumor samples. The sensitivity of the mutation status of cfDNA to predict mutation in tumor samples was highest in FAT4 (88.9%), followed by MACF1 (80%), CDH1 (75%) and PLB1 (75%). For cfDNA with PLB1 mutations, patients were more likely to develop distant lymphatic metastasis than peritoneal metastasis. Patients with multiple-site metastases had significantly more mutated spots than patients with single-site metastasis. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of some genes in the prediction of mutation in tumor samples, monitoring the mutation pattern of cfDNA may be useful in the stage IV GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yun Kung
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hung
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Oncology, Center of Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Oncology, Center of Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Oncology, Center of Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Shun Lo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Pang H, Lei D, Guo Y, Yu Y, Liu T, Liu Y, Chen T, Fan C. Three categories of similarities between the placenta and cancer that can aid cancer treatment: Cells, the microenvironment, and metabolites. Front Oncol 2022; 12:977618. [PMID: 36059660 PMCID: PMC9434275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.977618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most harmful diseases, while pregnancy is a common condition of females. Placenta is the most important organ for fetal growth, which has not been fully understand. It's well known that placenta and solid tumor have some similar biological behaviors. What's more, decidua, the microenvironment of placenta, and metabolism all undergo adaptive shift for healthy pregnancy. Interestingly, decidua and the tumor microenvironment (TME); metabolism changes during pregnancy and cancer cachexia all have underlying links. However, whether the close link between pregnancy and cancer can bring some new ideas to treat cancer is still unclear. So, in this review we note that pregnancy may offer clues to treat cancer related to three categories: from cell perspective, through the shared development process of the placenta and cancer; from microenvironment perspective, though the shared features of the decidua and TME; and from metabolism perspective, through shared metabolites changes during pregnancy and cancer cachexia. Firstly, comparing gene mutations of both placenta and cancer, which is the underlying mechanism of many similar biological behaviors, helps us understand the origin of cancer and find the key factors to restore tumorigenesis. Secondly, exploring how decidua affect placenta development and similarities of decidua and TME is helpful to reshape TME, then to inhibit cancer. Thirdly, we also illustrate the possibility that the altered metabolites during pregnancy may reverse cancer cachexia. So, some key molecules changed in circulation of pregnancy may help relieve cachexia and make survival with cancer realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuifang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Cho B, Song S, Wan JY, Axelrod JD. Prickle isoform participation in distinct polarization events in the Drosophila eye. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262328. [PMID: 35148314 PMCID: PMC8836327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling regulates several polarization events during development of ommatidia in the Drosophila eye, including directing chirality by polarizing a cell fate choice and determining the direction and extent of ommatidial rotation. The pksple isoform of the PCP protein Prickle is known to participate in the R3/R4 cell fate decision, but the control of other polarization events and the potential contributions of the three Pk isoforms have not been clarified. Here, by characterizing expression and subcellular localization of individual isoforms together with re-analyzing isoform specific phenotypes, we show that the R3/R4 fate decision, its coordination with rotation direction, and completion of rotation to a final ±90° rotation angle are separable polarization decisions with distinct Pk isoform requirements and contributions. Both pksple and pkpk can enforce robust R3/R4 fate decisions, but only pksple can correctly orient them along the dorsal-ventral axis. In contrast, pksple and pkpk can fully and interchangeably sustain coordination of rotation direction and rotation to completion. We propose that expression dynamics and competitive interactions determine isoform participation in these processes. We propose that the selective requirement for pksple to orient the R3/R4 decision and their interchangeability for coordination and completion of rotation reflects their previously described differential interaction with the Fat/Dachsous system which is known to be required for orientation of R3/R4 decisions but not for coordination or completion of rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Song Song
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Joy Y. Wan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Tian L, Wang Y, Jang YY. Wnt signaling in biliary development, proliferation, and fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:360-367. [PMID: 34861115 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary fibrosis is an important pathological indicator of hepatobiliary damage. Cholangiocyte is the key cell type involved in this process. To reveal the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the normal development as well as the aberrant generation and proliferation of cholangiocytes. Numerous reports suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in the physiological and pathological processes of cholangiocyte development and ductular reaction. In this review, we summarize the effects of Wnt pathway in cholangiocyte development from embryonic stem cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms of cholangiocyte responses to adult ductal damage. Wnt signaling pathway is regulated in a step-wise manner during each of the liver differentiation stages from embryonic stem cells to functional mature cholangiocytes. With the modulation of Wnt pathway, cholangiocytes can also be generated from adult liver progenitor cells and mature hepatocytes to repair liver damage. Non-canonical Wnt signaling is triggered in the active ductal cells during biliary fibrosis. Targeted control of the Wnt signaling may hold the great potential to reduce and/or reverse the biliary fibrogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoon Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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15
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Parsons MJ, Tammela T, Dow LE. WNT as a Driver and Dependency in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2413-2429. [PMID: 34518209 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical regulator of development and adult tissue homeostasis and becomes dysregulated in many cancer types. Although hyperactivation of WNT signaling is common, the type and frequency of genetic WNT pathway alterations can vary dramatically between different cancers, highlighting possible cancer-specific mechanisms for WNT-driven disease. In this review, we discuss how WNT pathway disruption contributes to tumorigenesis in different organs and how WNT affects the tumor cell and immune microenvironment. Finally, we describe recent and ongoing efforts to target oncogenic WNT signaling as a therapeutic strategy. SIGNIFICANCE: WNT signaling is a fundamental regulator of tissue homeostasis and oncogenic driver in many cancer types. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of WNT signaling in cancer, particularly the complexities of WNT activation in distinct cancer types, its role in immune evasion, and the challenge of targeting the WNT pathway as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Parsons
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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16
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Koch S. Regulation of Wnt Signaling by FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143446. [PMID: 34298659 PMCID: PMC8307807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by a breakdown of cell-to-cell communication, which results in the unrestricted expansion of cells within a tissue. In many cases, tumor growth is maintained by the continuous activation of cell signaling programs that normally drive embryonic development and wound repair. In this review article, I discuss how one of the largest human protein families, namely FOX proteins, controls the activity of the Wnt pathway, a major regulatory signaling cascade in developing organisms and adult stem cells. Evidence suggests that there is considerable crosstalk between FOX proteins and the Wnt pathway, which contributes to cancer initiation and progression. A better understanding of FOX biology may therefore lead to the development of new targeted treatments for many types of cancer. Abstract Aberrant activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of numerous types of cancer. However, in many cases, it is unclear how a chronically high Wnt signaling tone is maintained in the absence of activating pathway mutations. Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that they act in part by fine-tuning the Wnt signaling output in a tissue-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, I review the diverse ways in which FOX transcription factors interact with the Wnt pathway, and how the ectopic reactivation of FOX proteins may affect Wnt signaling activity in various types of cancer. Many FOX transcription factors are partially functionally redundant and exhibit a highly restricted expression pattern, especially in adults. Thus, precision targeting of individual FOX proteins may lead to safe treatment options for Wnt-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koch
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-132-829-69
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Targeting Wnt Signaling in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102351. [PMID: 34068065 PMCID: PMC8152465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wnt has diverse regulatory roles at multiple cellular levels and numerous targeting points, and aberrant Wnt signaling has crucial roles in carcinogenesis, metastasis, cancer recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance; based on these facts, Wnt represents an appealing therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Although preclinical data supports a role for the Wnt signaling pathway in uterine carcinogenesis, this area remains understudied. In this review, we identify the functions of several oncogenes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and address the translation approach with potent Wnt inhibitors that have already been established or are being investigated to target key components of the pathway. Further research is likely to expand the potential for both biomarker and cancer drug development. There is a scarcity of treatment choices for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer; investigating the sophisticated connections of Wnt signaling networks in endometrial cancer could address the unmet need for new therapeutic targets. Abstract This review presents new findings on Wnt signaling in endometrial carcinoma and implications for possible future treatments. The Wnt proteins are essential mediators in cell signaling during vertebrate embryo development. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have provided significant insight into Wnt signaling, in particular in cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. The role of Wnt signaling is well established in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its function in gynecologic cancers, especially in endometrial cancers, has not been well elucidated. Development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas has been attributed to activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway (due to β-catenin mutations) and downregulation of Wnt antagonists by epigenetic silencing. The Wnt pathway also appears to be linked to estrogen and progesterone, and new findings implicate it in mTOR and Hedgehog signaling. Therapeutic interference of Wnt signaling remains a significant challenge. Herein, we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in endometrial cancer and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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18
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Sun G, Wu L, Sun G, Shi X, Cao H, Tang W. WNT5a in Colorectal Cancer: Research Progress and Challenges. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2483-2498. [PMID: 33758546 PMCID: PMC7981155 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical development of new adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs, colorectal cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in human beings. WNT5a, an autocrine and paracrine β-catenin independent ligand, has been shown to induce tumor inhibition and carcinogenic signals, depending on the type of cancer. In patients with colorectal cancer, WNT5a triggers a variety of downstream signaling pathways, which mainly affect the migration and invasion of tumor cells. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic potential of WNT5a in colorectal cancer. In short, an in-depth understanding of the role of WNT5a in colorectal cancer is very helpful to better deal with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kawarazaki W, Fujita T. Role of Rho in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062958. [PMID: 33803946 PMCID: PMC8001214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high amount of salt in the diet increases blood pressure (BP) and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in individuals with impaired renal sodium excretion. Small guanosine triphosphatase (GTP)ase Rho and Rac, activated by salt intake, play important roles in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension as key switches of intracellular signaling. Focusing on Rho, high salt intake in the central nervous system increases sodium concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid in salt-sensitive subjects via Rho/Rho kinase and renin-angiotensin system activation and causes increased brain salt sensitivity and sympathetic nerve outflow in BP control centers. In vascular smooth muscle cells, Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors and Rho determine sensitivity to vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), and facilitate vasoconstriction via G-protein and Wnt pathways, leading to increased vascular resistance, including in the renal arteries, in salt-sensitive subjects with high salt intake. In the vascular endothelium, Rho/Rho kinase inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and function, and high salt amounts further augment Rho activity via asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthetase, causing aberrant relaxation and increased vascular tone. Rho-associated mechanisms are deeply involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, and their further elucidation can help in developing effective protection and new therapies.
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20
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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21
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Wu G, Weng W, Xia P, Yan S, Zhong C, Xie L, Xie Y, Fan G. Wnt signalling pathway in bladder cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109886. [PMID: 33340660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common tumours of the urinary system and is also known as a highly malignant tumour. In addition to conventional diagnosis and treatment methods, recent research has focused on studying the molecular mechanisms related to BC, in the hope that new, less toxic and effective targeted anticancer drugs and new diagnostic markers can be discovered. It is known that the Wingless (Wnt) signalling pathway and its related genes, proteins and other substances are involved in multiple biological processes of various tumours. Clarifying the contribution of the Wnt signalling pathway in bladder tumours will help establish early diagnosis indicators, develop new therapeutic drugs and evaluate the prognosis for BC. This review aims to summarise previous studies related to BC and the Wnt signalling pathway, with a focus on exploring the participating substances and their mechanisms in the regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway to better determine how to promote new chemotherapeutic drugs, potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Weidong Weng
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Shixian Yan
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China; Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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22
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Massalha H, Bahar Halpern K, Abu‐Gazala S, Jana T, Massasa EE, Moor AE, Buchauer L, Rozenberg M, Pikarsky E, Amit I, Zamir G, Itzkovitz S. A single cell atlas of the human liver tumor microenvironment. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9682. [PMID: 33332768 PMCID: PMC7746227 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cell growth is fueled by interactions between tumor cells and the stromal cells composing the tumor microenvironment. The human liver is a major site of tumors and metastases, but molecular identities and intercellular interactions of different cell types have not been resolved in these pathologies. Here, we apply single cell RNA-sequencing and spatial analysis of malignant and adjacent non-malignant liver tissues from five patients with cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastases. We find that stromal cells exhibit recurring, patient-independent expression programs, and reconstruct a ligand-receptor map that highlights recurring tumor-stroma interactions. By combining transcriptomics of laser-capture microdissected regions, we reconstruct a zonation atlas of hepatocytes in the non-malignant sites and characterize the spatial distribution of each cell type across the tumor microenvironment. Our analysis provides a resource for understanding human liver malignancies and may expose potential points of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Massalha
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Samir Abu‐Gazala
- Department of General SurgeryHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Transplant DivisionDepartment of SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Tamar Jana
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Efi E Massasa
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
| | - Lisa Buchauer
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Milena Rozenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for ImmunologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaHebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of General SurgeryHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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23
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van Loon K, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: a key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:191-203. [PMID: 33140138 PMCID: PMC7897195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are glycoproteins containing a so-called frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain. This domain enables them to bind to Wnt ligands or frizzled (FzD) receptors, making potent regulators of Wnt signaling. As Wnt signaling is often altered in cancer, it is not surprising that Wnt regulators such as SFRP proteins are often differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment, both in a metastatic and non-metastatic setting. Indeed, SFRP2 is shown to be specifically upregulated in the tumor vasculature of several types of cancer. Several studies investigated the functional role of SFRP2 in the tumor vasculature, showing that SFRP2 binds to FzD receptors on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. This activates downstream Wnt signaling and which is, thereby, stimulating angiogenesis. Interestingly, not the well-known canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway seems to be a key player in this event. In tumor models, the pro-angiogenic effect of SFRP2 could be counteracted by antibodies targeting SFRP2, without the occurrence of toxicity. Since tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, specific tumor endothelial markers such as SFRP2 show great promise as targets for anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the role of SFRP2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis, and highlights its potential as anti-angiogenic therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Ito J, Kimura I, Soper A, Coudray A, Koyanagi Y, Nakaoka H, Inoue I, Turelli P, Trono D, Sato K. Endogenous retroviruses drive KRAB zinc-finger protein family expression for tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eabc3020. [PMID: 33087347 PMCID: PMC7577720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression aberration is a hallmark of cancers, but the mechanisms underlying such aberrations remain unclear. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genomic repetitive elements that potentially function as enhancers. Since numerous HERVs are epigenetically activated in tumors, their activation could cause global gene expression aberrations in tumors. Here, we show that HERV activation in tumors leads to the up-regulation of hundreds of transcriptional suppressors, namely, Krüppel-associated box domain-containing zinc-finger family proteins (KZFPs). KZFP genes are preferentially encoded nearby the activated HERVs in tumors and transcriptionally regulated by these adjacent HERVs. Increased HERV and KZFP expression in tumors was associated with better disease conditions. Increased KZFP expression in cancer cells altered the expression of genes related to the cell cycle and cell-matrix adhesion and suppressed cellular growth, migration, and invasion abilities. Our data suggest that HERV activation in tumors drives the synchronized elevation of KZFP expression, presumably leading to tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Andrew Soper
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Alexandre Coudray
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 4118540, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 4118540, Japan
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan
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25
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Nielsen CP, Jernigan KK, Diggins NL, Webb DJ, MacGurn JA. USP9X Deubiquitylates DVL2 to Regulate WNT Pathway Specification. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1074-1089.e5. [PMID: 31340145 PMCID: PMC6884140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling network is comprised of multiple receptors that relay various input signals via distinct transduction pathways to execute multiple complex and context-specific output processes. Integrity of the WNT signaling network relies on proper specification between canonical and noncanonical pathways, which presents a regulatory challenge given that several signal transducing elements are shared between pathways. Here, we report that USP9X, a deubiquitylase, and WWP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulate a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2, a WNT signaling protein. Our findings indicate that USP9X-mediated deubiquitylation of DVL2 is required for canonical WNT activation, while increased DVL2 ubiquitylation is associated with localization to actin-rich projections and activation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. We propose that a WWP1-USP9X axis regulates a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2 that specifies its participation in either canonical WNT or WNT-PCP pathways. These findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting of USP9X in human cancer. DVL2 is a signal transducing protein that participates in canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling relays. Here, Nielsen et al. report that the deubiquitylase USP9X and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 operate on DVL2 to establish a ubiquitin rheostat that contributes to WNT pathway specification in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Nielsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kristin K Jernigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nicole L Diggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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26
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Nair MG, Prabhu JS, Korlimarla A, Rajarajan S, P S H, Kaul R, Alexander A, Raghavan R, B S S, T S S. miR-18a activates Wnt pathway in ER-positive breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5587-5597. [PMID: 32543775 PMCID: PMC7402845 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the established benefits of long‐term endocrine therapy, women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer remain at risk for late relapse. The basis of this is multi‐factorial including genetic, epigenetic, and host factors. In this study we have explored the epigenetic regulation of estrogen receptor (ER)‐dependent molecular and cellular phenotype by hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p using well‐established human ER‐positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines. miR‐18a was overexpressed in MCF7 and ZR‐75‐1 and this led to an increase in the proliferative ability of the cells and concurrently resulted in decreased expression of luminal markers and higher expression of the basal marker, cytokeratin 14. The cells became more migratory with a significant repression of E‐cadherin and activation of the Wnt noncanonical pathway. We observed an activation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway with increased activation of JNK pathway and eventually change in actin dynamics. There was increased F‐actin polymerization in cells with higher expression of miR‐18a. Examination of miR‐18a expression in a set of human ER+ breast cancer specimens showed a negative correlation between miR‐18a and ESR1 transcripts as well as ER protein. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of the cohort stratified by tumor hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p levels produced significant differences in disease‐free survival (log rank P < .05). This observation was independently validated in the METABRIC cohort. These data provide support for a role of hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p in altering the proliferative and migratory behavior of ER+ cells and its potential utility as a prognostic marker in clinical ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Aruna Korlimarla
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Hari P S
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Roma Kaul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Annie Alexander
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Rohini Raghavan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Srinath B S
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Sridhar T S
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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27
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Delgado-Deida Y, Alula KM, Theiss AL. The influence of mitochondrial-directed regulation of Wnt signaling on tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:215-223. [PMID: 32665853 PMCID: PMC7333924 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a key role in integrating cellular signaling. Mitochondrial alterations are evident in all stages of tumorigenesis and targeting mitochondrial pathways has emerged as an anticancer therapeutic strategy. The Wnt-signaling pathway regulates many fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, migration, stem-cell maintenance, and mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Emerging evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial-induced regulation of Wnt signaling provides an additional mechanism to influence cell-fate decisions. Crosstalk between mitochondria and Wnt signaling presents a feedforward loop in which Wnt activation regulates mitochondrial function that, in turn, drives Wnt signaling. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent evidence revealing the mitochondrial control of Wnt signaling and its implications for tumorigenesis and anticancer therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaritza Delgado-Deida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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28
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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29
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Yang S, Sun S, Xu W, Yu B, Wang G, Wang H. Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1819-1832. [PMID: 32319619 PMCID: PMC7057808 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an important role in tumor migration and invasion. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), which is the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus, has been identified to display an antitumor effect. However, the effects and mechanisms of APS during breast cancer migration and invasion are not completely understood. The present study investigated whether APS inhibited breast cancer migration and invasion by modulating the EMT pathway. An MTT assay and a Ki67 immunofluorescence staining assay demonstrated that APS inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The results of the wound healing and Transwell Matrigel invasion assays suggested that APS decreased the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses further demonstrated that APS had a regulatory effect on EMT-related molecules. APS decreased the expression levels of Snail and vimentin, but increased E-cadherin expression. APS also downregulated Wnt1, β-catenin and downstream target expression. Additionally, the present results suggested that APS decreased the proliferation, and EMT-mediated migration and invasion of cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present study suggested that APS may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wanqun Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bangxu Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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30
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Tenjin Y, Kudoh S, Kubota S, Yamada T, Matsuo A, Sato Y, Ichimura T, Kohrogi H, Sashida G, Sakagami T, Ito T. Ascl1-induced Wnt11 regulates neuroendocrine differentiation, cell proliferation, and E-cadherin expression in small-cell lung cancer and Wnt11 regulates small-cell lung cancer biology. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1622-1635. [PMID: 31231131 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of Wnt signaling in human lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the role of Wnt11 in neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immunohistochemical staining of resected specimens showed that Wnt11 was expressed at higher levels in SCLCs than in non-SCLCs; 58.8% of SCLC, 5.2% of adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 23.5% of squamous cell carcinoma tissues stained positive for Wnt11. A positive relationship was observed between Achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (Ascl1) and Wnt11 expression in SCLC cell lines, and this was supported by transcriptome data from SCLC tissue. The expression of Wnt11 and some NE markers increased after the transfection of ASCL1 into the A549 ADC cell line. Knockdown of Ascl1 downregulated Wnt11 expression in SCLC cell lines. Ascl1 regulated Wnt11 expression via lysine H3K27 acetylation at the enhancer region of the WNT11 gene. Wnt11 controlled NE differentiation, cell proliferation, and E-cadherin expression under the regulation of Ascl1 in SCLC cell lines. The phosphorylation of AKT and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase markedly increased after transfection of WNT11 into the SBC3 SCLC cell line, which suggests that Wnt11 promotes cell proliferation in SCLC cell lines. Ascl1 plays an important role in regulating the Wnt signaling pathway and is one of the driver molecules of Wnt11 in human SCLC. Ascl1 and Wnt11 may employ a cooperative mechanism to control the biology of SCLC. The present results indicate the therapeutic potential of targeting the Ascl1-Wnt11 signaling axis and support the clinical utility of Wnt11 as a biological marker in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tenjin
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Younosuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaya Ichimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kohrogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Omuta Tenryo Hospital, Tenryo 1-100, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8556, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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31
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Lyle CL, Belghasem M, Chitalia VC. c-Cbl: An Important Regulator and a Target in Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050498. [PMID: 31126146 PMCID: PMC6563115 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casitas B lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a multifunctional protein with a ubiquitin E3 ligase activity capable of degrading diverse sets of proteins. Although previous work had focused mainly on c-Cbl mutations in humans with hematological malignancies, recent emerging evidence suggests a critical role of c-Cbl in angiogenesis and human solid organ tumors. The combination of its unique structure, modular function, and ability to channelize cues from a rich network of signaling cascades, empowers c-Cbl to assume a central role in these disease models. This review consolidates the structural and functional insights based on recent studies that highlight c-Cbl as a target with tantalizing therapeutic potential in various models of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimera L Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Mostafa Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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32
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Lichtig H, Cohen Y, Bin-Nun N, Golubkov V, Frank D. PTK7 proteolytic fragment proteins function during early Xenopus development. Dev Biol 2019; 453:48-55. [PMID: 31125531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) is as a critical regulator of canonical and non-canonical Wnt-signaling during embryonic development and cancer cell formation. Disrupting PTK7 activity perturbs vertebrate nervous system development, and also promotes human cancer formation. Observations in different model systems suggest a complex cross-talk between PTK7 protein and Wnt signaling. During Xenopus laevis nervous system development, we previously showed that PTK7 protein positively regulates canonical Wnt signaling by maintaining optimal LRP6 protein levels, but PTK7 also acts in concert with LRP6 protein to repress non-canonical Wnt activity. PTK7 is a transmembrane protein, but studies in cancer cells showed that PTK7 undergoes "shedding" by metalloproteases to different proteolytic fragments. Some PTK7 proteolytic fragments are oncogenic, being localized to alternative cytoplasmic and nuclear cell compartments. In this study we examined the biological activity of two proteolytic carboxyl-terminal PTK7 proteolytic fragments, cPTK7 622-1070 and cPTK7 726-1070 during early Xenopus nervous system development. We found that these smaller PTK7 proteolytic fragments have similar activity to full-length PTK7 protein to promote canonical Wnt-signaling via regulation of LRP6 protein levels. In addition to cancer systems, this study shows in vivo proof that these smaller PTK7 proteolytic fragments can recapitulate full-length PTK7 protein activity in diverse systems, such as vertebrate nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hava Lichtig
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Yasmin Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Naama Bin-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | | | - Dale Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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33
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Ong K, Collier C, DiNardo S. Multiple feedback mechanisms fine-tune Rho signaling to regulate morphogenetic outcomes. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224378. [PMID: 30872456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho signaling is a conserved mechanism for generating forces through activation of contractile actomyosin. How this pathway can produce different cell morphologies is poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryonic epithelium, we investigate how Rho signaling controls force asymmetry to drive morphogenesis. We study a distinct morphogenetic process termed 'alignment'. This process results in striking columns of rectilinear cells connected by aligned cell-cell contacts. We found that this is driven by contractile actomyosin cables that elevate tension along aligning interfaces. Our data show that polarization of Rho effectors, Rok and Dia, directs formation of these cables. Constitutive activation of these effectors causes aligning cells to instead invaginate. This suggests that moderating Rho signaling is essential to producing the aligned geometry. Therefore, we tested for feedback that could fine-tune Rho signaling. We discovered that F-actin exerts negative feedback on multiple nodes in the pathway. Further, we present evidence that suggests that Rok in part mediates feedback from F-actin to Rho in a manner independent of Myo-II. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple feedback mechanisms regulate Rho signaling, which may account for diverse morphological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Ong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Camille Collier
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
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34
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Microquantitation of Van Gogh-like Protein 1 by Using Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Beads. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-3205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Jung M, Lee JH, Kim B, Park JH, Moon KC. Transcriptional Analysis of Immunohistochemically Defined Subgroups of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary High-Grade Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E570. [PMID: 30699951 PMCID: PMC6386996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CK5/6 and CK20 was reported to be correlated with the prognosis of early urothelial carcinoma in a way contrary to that of advanced tumors for unknown reasons. We aimed to characterize the gene expression profiles of subgroups of non-muscle-invasive papillary high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) classified by CK5/6 and CK20 expression levels: group 1 (CK5/6-high/CK20-low), group 2 (CK5/6-high/CK20-high), and group 3 (CK5/6-low/CK20-high). Expression of group 3 was predictive of worse prognosis of non-muscle-invasive papillary high-grade UTUC. Transcriptional analysis revealed 308 differentially expressed genes across the subgroups. Functional analyses of the genes identified cell adhesion as a common process differentially enriched in group 3 compared to the other groups, which could explain its high-risk phenotype. Late cell cycle/proliferation signatures were also enriched in group 3 and in some of the other groups, which may be used as a prognostic biomarker complementary to CK5/6 and CK20. Group 2, characterized by low levels of genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, was hypothesized to represent the least cancerous subtype considering its normal urothelium-like IHC pattern. This study would facilitate the application of easily accessible prognostic biomarkers in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Division of Biomedical Informatics and Systems Biomedical Informatics National Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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36
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Monteleone E, Orecchia V, Corrieri P, Schiavone D, Avalle L, Moiso E, Savino A, Molineris I, Provero P, Poli V. SP1 and STAT3 Functionally Synergize to Induce the RhoU Small GTPase and a Subclass of Non-canonical WNT Responsive Genes Correlating with Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010101. [PMID: 30654518 PMCID: PMC6356433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose clinical management is very challenging. Although specific molecular features characterize breast cancer subtypes with different prognosis, the identification of specific markers predicting disease outcome within the single subtypes still lags behind. Both the non-canonical Wingless-type MMTV Integration site (WNT) and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 pathways are often constitutively activated in breast tumors, and both can induce the small GTPase Ras Homolog Family Member U RhoU. Here we show that RhoU transcription can be triggered by both canonical and non-canonical WNT ligands via the activation of c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the recruitment of the Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) transcription factor to the RhoU promoter, identifying for the first time SP1 as a JNK-dependent mediator of WNT signaling. RhoU down-regulation by silencing or treatment with JNK, SP1 or STAT3 inhibitors leads to impaired migration and invasion in basal-like MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells, suggesting that STAT3 and SP1 can cooperate to induce high RhoU expression and enhance breast cancer cells migration. Moreover, in vivo concomitant binding of STAT3 and SP1 defines a subclass of genes belonging to the non-canonical WNT and the Interleukin (IL)-6/STAT3 pathways and contributing to breast cancer aggressiveness, suggesting the relevance of developing novel targeted therapies combining inhibitors of the STAT3 and WNT pathways or of their downstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Orecchia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Corrieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Davide Schiavone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Aurora Savino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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A high-throughput assay pipeline for specific targeting of frizzled GPCRs in cancer. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 149:57-75. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Loss of Myeloid-Specific TGF-β Signaling Decreases CTHRC1 to Downregulate bFGF and the Development of H1993-Induced Osteolytic Bone Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120463. [PMID: 30469488 PMCID: PMC6315699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of myeloid cell-specific TGF-β signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-induced osteolytic bone lesion development is unknown. We used a genetically engineered mouse model, Tgfbr2LysMCre knockout (KO), which has a loss of TGF-β signaling specifically in myeloid lineage cells, and we found that the area of H1993 cell-induced osteolytic bone lesions was decreased in Tgfbr2LysMCre KO mice, relative to the area in control littermates. The bone lesion areas were correlated with tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis in the microenvironment. The smaller bone lesion area was partially rescued by bFGF, which was expressed by osteoblasts. Interestingly, bFGF was able to rescue the osteoclastogenesis, but not the tumor cell proliferation or angiogenesis. We then focused on identifying osteoclast factors that regulate bFGF expression in osteoblasts. We found that the expression and secretion of CTHRC1 was downregulated in osteoclasts from Tgfbr2LysMCre KO mice; CTHRC1 was able to promote bFGF expression in osteoblasts, possibly through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functionally, bFGF stimulated osteoclastogenesis and inhibited osteoblastogenesis, but had no effect on H1993 cell proliferation. On the other hand, CTHRC1 promoted osteoblastogenesis and H1993 cell proliferation. Together, our data show that myeloid-specific TGF-β signaling promoted osteolytic bone lesion development and bFGF expression in osteoblasts; that osteoclast-secreted CTHRC1 stimulated bFGF expression in osteoblasts in a paracrine manner; and that CTHRC1 and bFGF had different cell-specific functions that contributed to bone lesion development.
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39
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Lan Y, Xiao X, Luo Y, He Z, Song X. FEZF1 is an Independent Predictive Factor for Recurrence and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration in Cervical Cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:3929-3938. [PMID: 30410597 PMCID: PMC6218770 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fez family zinc finger protein 1 (FEZF1), a critical transcription factor in nervous system development, has been implicated in cancer progression recently. However, its clinical significance remains unknown. By analyzing gene expression data of eight most common cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that FEZF1 prominently associated with the recurrence-free survival of cervical cancer patients (P<0.001) and was an independent diagnostic factor for cervical cancer recurrence (P=0.002). Moreover, FEZF1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples from cervical cancer patients with relapse in TCGA(P=0.015). By RNA interference, we knocked down FEZF1 and found that cell proliferation, growth and migration were significantly decreased in C33A and SiHa cells. Meanwhile, FEZF1 knockdown also attenuated the growth of C33A cells in nude mice. In contrast, expression of FEZF1 promoted cell proliferation, growth and migration in HeLa cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we revealed that FEZF1 could bind to multiple key genes in the Wnt signaling pathway in HeLa cells. Furthermore, analysis of the levels of β-catenin protein, the core component of the Wnt pathway, and downstream effector genes of the pathway showed that FEZF1 could activate the Wnt pathway. Together, these results suggest that FEZF1 promotes cell proliferation and migration possibly by acting as a transcriptional activator of the Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancer, and also provide a valuable molecular predictive marker for cervical cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Xuewei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Zhengchi He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Xu Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R.China
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40
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Hossein G, Ebrahimi M, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z. Wnt11 alters integrin and cadherin expression by ovarian cancer spheroids and inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:90-104. [PMID: 29753625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of Wnt11 in multicellular tumor spheroid-like structures (MCTS) ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in xenograft nude mice model. Moreover, samples from human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) were used to assess the association of Wnt11 with integrins and cadherins. The data showed that Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 cells became more compact accompanied by increased expression of E-and N-cadherin and lower expression of EpCAM and CD44. The α5, β2, β3 and β6 integrin subunits expression levels were significantly reduced in Wnt11 overexpressing cells accompanied with significantly reduced disaggregation of Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS on ECM components. Moreover, Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS showed decreased migration, invasion as well as no tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that Wnt11 significantly and negatively correlated with ITGB2, ITGB6, and EpCAM and positively with CDH-1 in high-grade SOC specimens. Our results suggest that Wnt11 impedes MCTS attachment to ECM components and therefore can affect ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Dapper homolog 1 alpha suppresses metastasis ability of gastric cancer through inhibiting planar cell polarity pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81423-81434. [PMID: 27833078 PMCID: PMC5348403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dapper homolog 1 alpha (DACT1α) is a member of DACT family and an important regulator in the planar cell polarity pathway. We aim to clarify its functional role in metastasis ability of gastric cancer. DACT1α was silenced in all gastric cancer cell lines (8/8), but expressed in normal gastric tissue. Ectopic expression of DACT1α in silenced gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC823 and MGC803) by stable transfection significantly suppressed cancer cell spreading (P < 0.05), migration (P < 0.01) and invasion (P < 0.01). These effects were associated with downregulation of planar cell polarity pathway related genes involved in cell proliferation (PDGFB, VEGFA), adhesion (ITGA1, ITGA2, ITGA3, ITGB3) and migration/invasion (PLAU, MMP9, MCAM, Dvl-2 and JNK). DACT1α promoter methylation was detected in 205 gastric cancers and 20 normal controls by direct bisulfite genomic sequencing. DACT1α methylation was detected in 29.3% (60/205) of gastric cancer patients, but not in normal tissues. DACT1α methylation was associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients. In conclusion, DACT1α plays a pivotal role as a potential tumor suppressor in migration and invasion of gastric cancer. DACT1α methylation may serve as a biomarker for the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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42
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Zwamborn RA, Snijders C, An N, Thomson A, Rutten BP, de Nijs L. Wnt Signaling in the Hippocampus in Relation to Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity, Stress and Epigenetics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:129-157. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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43
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Kagey MH, He X. Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf-1 for oncology. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4637-4650. [PMID: 28574171 PMCID: PMC5727329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer-promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi He
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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44
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Milgrom-Hoffman M, Humbert PO. Regulation of cellular and PCP signalling by the Scribble polarity module. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:33-45. [PMID: 29154823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the Scribble polarity module proteins as a new class of tumour suppressors that regulate both cell polarity and proliferation, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered a broader role for Scribble, Dlg and Lgl in the control of fundamental cellular functions and their signalling pathways. Here, we review these findings as well as discuss more specifically the role of the Scribble module in PCP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Milgrom-Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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45
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Lee WJ, Lee JS, Ahn HM, Na Y, Yang CE, Lee JH, Hong J, Yun CO. Decoy Wnt receptor (sLRP6E1E2)-expressing adenovirus induces anti-fibrotic effect via inhibition of Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15070. [PMID: 29118355 PMCID: PMC5678438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the canonical Wingless type (Wnt) signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of hypertrophic scars and keloids, and this aberrant activation of Wnt pathway can be a potential target for the development of novel anti-fibrotic agents. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic potential of a soluble Wnt decoy receptor (sLRP6E1E2)-expressing non-replicating adenovirus (Ad; dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2) on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), keloid fibroblasts (KFs), and keloid tissue explants. Higher Wnt3a and β-catenin expression was observed in the keloid region compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The activity of β-catenin and mRNA expression of type-I and -III collagen were significantly decreased following treatment with dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2 in HDFs and KFs. The expression of LRP6, β-catenin, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, Smad 2/3 complex, and TGF-β1 were decreased in Wnt3a- or TGF-β1-activated HDFs, following administration of dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2. Moreover, dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2 markedly inhibited nuclear translocation of both β-catenin and Smad 2/3 complex. The expression levels of type-I and -III collagen, fibronectin, and elastin were also significantly reduced in keloid tissue explants after treatment with dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2. These results indicate that Wnt decoy receptor-expressing Ad can degrade extracellular matrix in HDFs, KFs, and primary keloid tissue explants, and thus it may be beneficial for treatment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jai Lee
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Youjin Na
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Chae Eun Yang
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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46
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Miao Z, Ali A, Hu L, Zhao F, Yin C, Chen C, Yang T, Qian A. Microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1, a novel potential target in cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1953-1958. [PMID: 28782898 PMCID: PMC5623738 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a polygenic disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of normal body cells, deregulation of the cell cycle as well as resistance to apoptosis. The spectraplakin protein microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) plays an essential function in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, signaling transduction and embryo development. MACF1 is also involved in processes such as metastatic invasion in which cytoskeleton organization is a critical element that contributes to tumor progression in various human cancers. Aberrant expression of MACF1 initiates the tumor cell proliferation, and migration and metastasis in numerous cancers, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and glioblastoma. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of MACF1 and its critical role in different human cancers. This will be helpful for researchers to investigate the novel functional role of MACF1 in human cancers and as a potential target to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Miao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuanmin Yang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Research Institution of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
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47
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Rapp J, Jaromi L, Kvell K, Miskei G, Pongracz JE. WNT signaling - lung cancer is no exception. Respir Res 2017; 18:167. [PMID: 28870231 PMCID: PMC5584342 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of the oncogenic activity of WNT ligands our understanding of the complex roles for WNT signaling pathways in lung cancers has increased substantially. In the current review, the various effects of activation and inhibition of the WNT signaling pathways are summarized in the context of lung carcinogenesis. Recent evidence regarding WNT ligand transport mechanisms, the role of WNT signaling in lung cancer angiogenesis and drug transporter regulation and the importance of microRNA and posttranscriptional regulation of WNT signaling are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Luca Jaromi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Miskei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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48
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Song B, Shu ZB, Du J, Ren JC, Feng Y. Anti-cancer effect of low dose of celecoxib may be associated with lnc-SCD-1:13 and lnc-PTMS-1:3 but not COX-2 in NCI-N87 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1775-1779. [PMID: 28789408 PMCID: PMC5529947 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanism of celecoxib and whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the effects of celecoxib treatment in NCI-N87 cells, NCI-N87 cells were treated with 15, 30 and 60 µM celecoxib and an MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability. Following treatment with 15 µM celecoxib, the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mRNA levels of lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-PTMS-1:3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), integrin α3 (ITGA3) and DSH homolog 1 (DVL1) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in NCI-N87 cells. MTT analysis demonstrated that celecoxib significantly inhibited cell viability in treated cells compared with untreated cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with untreated cells, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was significantly increased, and the percentage of cells in the S and G2 phase was decreased. In addition, the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells was increased in cells treated with 15 µM celecoxib compared with the control. RT-qPCR analysis also demonstrated that the mRNA levels of lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-PTMS-1:3, ITGA3 and DVL1 were increased following treatment with celecoxib (15 µM; P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the expression of COX-2 mRNA between cells treated with celecoxib (15 µM) and untreated cells. The present study demonstrated that a low dose of celecoxib may be involved in regulating cell growth independent of COX-2 in NCI-N87 cells. Furthermore, ITGA3 and/or DVL1 co-expressed with lnc-SCD-1:13 and lnc-PTMS-1:3 may be associated with the effects of treatment with a low dose of celecoxib in NCI-N87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Internal Medicine 2, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chen Ren
- Internal Medicine 2, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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49
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Xu Y, Ma YH, Pang YX, Zhao Z, Lu JJ, Mao HL, Liu PS. Ectopic repression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 inhibits malignant transformation of ovarian cancer cells by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701627. [PMID: 28475014 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 is an enzyme-linked receptor which specifically modulates WNT5A signaling and plays an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis; however, the precise role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 in cancer is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 in ovarian carcinoma and clarify the biological functions and interactions of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 with non-canonical Wnt pathways in ovarian cancer. The result of the human ovary tissue microarray revealed that the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2-positive rate increased in malignant epithelial ovarian cancers and was extremely higher in the metastatic tumor tissues, which was also higher than that in the malignant ovarian tumor tissues. In addition, high expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 was closely related with ovarian cancer grading. The expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 protein was higher in SKOV3 and A2780 cells than OVCAR3 and 3AO cells. Knockdown of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced morphologic as well as digestive state alterations in stably transfected SKOV3 cells. Detailed study further revealed that silencing of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibited non-canonical Wnt signaling. Our findings suggest that receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 may be an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, primarily regulated the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and may display a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying-Xin Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Luan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei-Shu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Jussila M, Ciruna B. Zebrafish models of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28304136 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell-transplantation, and live-imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome-editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late-onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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