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Li N, Su S, Xie X, Yang Z, Li Z, Lu D. Tsantan Sumtang, a traditional Tibetan medicine, protects pulmonary vascular endothelial function of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats through AKT/eNOS signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117436. [PMID: 37979813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang (TS), originated from the Four Tantras, is an empirical Tibetan medicine prescription, which has been widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases in the clinic in Qinghai Province of China. Our previous studies found that TS alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats. However, the effect and bioactive fractions of TS on hypoxia-injured pulmonary vascular endothelium are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect, bioactive fractions and pharmacological mechanism of TS on hypoxia-injured pulmonary vascular endothelium in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo studies, HPH animal model was established, and TS was administrated for four weeks. Then, hemodynamic indexes, ex vivo pulmonary artery perfusion experiment, morphological characteristics, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the protein expression of protein kinase B (AKT)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/eNOS signaling were determined. In vitro studies, 1% O2-induced pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) injury model was applied for screening bioactive fractions of TS by cell proliferation assay and NO production measurement. The associated proteins of AKT/eNOS signaling were further measured to elucidate underlying mechanism of bioactive fraction of TS via using phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was used to reveal the chemical profile of bioactive fraction of TS. RESULTS TS showed protective effect on the integrity of distal pulmonary arterial endothelium in HPH rats. Tsantan Sumtang dilated pulmonary arterial rings in HPH rats. TS enhanced NO bioavailability in lung tissue via regulating AKT/eNOS signaling. Furthermore, in the cellular level, cell viability as well as NO content of hypoxia-injured PAECs were elevated by fraction 17 of water extract of TS (WTS), through activating the AKT/eNOS signaling. Ellagic acid could be one of compositions in fraction 17 of WTS to produce NO in hypoxia-injured PAECs. CONCLUSION TS restored pulmonary arterial endothelial function in HPH rats. The bioactive fraction 17 was screened, which protected hypoxia-injured PAECs via upregulating AKT/eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610086, PR China.
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2
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Montfort WR. Per-ARNT-Sim Domains in Nitric Oxide Signaling by Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168235. [PMID: 37572934 PMCID: PMC10858291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates large swaths of animal physiology including wound healing, vasodilation, memory formation, odor detection, sexual function, and response to infectious disease. The primary NO receptor is soluble guanyly/guanylate cyclase (sGC), a dimeric protein of ∼150 kDa that detects NO through a ferrous heme, leading to a large change in conformation and enhanced production of cGMP from GTP. In humans, loss of sGC function contributes to multiple disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and is the target of a new class of drugs, sGC stimulators, now in clinical use. sGC evolved through the fusion of four ancient domains, a heme nitric oxide / oxygen (H-NOX) domain, a Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain, a coiled coil, and a cyclase domain, with catalysis occurring at the interface of the two cyclase domains. In animals, the predominant dimer is the α1β1 heterodimer, with the α1 subunit formed through gene duplication of the β1 subunit. The PAS domain provides an extensive dimer interface that remains unchanged during sGC activation, acting as a core anchor. A large cleft formed at the PAS-PAS dimer interface tightly binds the N-terminal end of the coiled coil, keeping this region intact and unchanged while the rest of the coiled coil repacks, and the other domains reposition. This interface buries ∼3000 Å2 of monomer surface and includes highly conserved apolar and hydrogen bonding residues. Herein, we discuss the evolutionary history of sGC, describe the role of PAS domains in sGC function, and explore the regulatory factors affecting sGC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Alqarni AA, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SA, Alqahtani JS, Siraj RA, Alwafi H, AlGarni AA, Majrshi MS, Alshehri SM, Pang L. Role of prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in pulmonary hypertension due to COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275684. [PMID: 37881627 PMCID: PMC10597708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood. Three main pathways (prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin) are currently used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with different groups of PH. However, drugs targeting these three pathways are not approved for patients with COPD-associated PH due to lack of evidence. Thus, this review aims to shed light on the role of impaired prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in cigarette smoke- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and also discusses the potential of using these pathways as therapeutic target for patients with PH secondary to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Department, Al Murjan Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. AlGarni
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, The Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S. Majrshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linhua Pang
- Respiratory Medicine Research Group, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Timour G, Fréderic V, Olivier S, Shango DN. Nicardipine-induced acute respiratory failure: Case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7186. [PMID: 37143457 PMCID: PMC10151601 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a major physiological mechanism that prevents the development of hypoxemia secondary to a regional decrease in the ventilation-perfusion ratio (the intrapulmonary shunt effect). Calcium plays a critical role in the cellular response to hypoxia and the regulation of the pulmonary vascular tone. Therefore, calcium channel antagonists such as nicardipine have the potential to interfere with the pulmonary response to hypoxia, increasing intrapulmonary blood shunt and thus worsening underlying hypoxemia. This article reports the case of a 40-year-old man suffering from lobar pneumonia, who developed a rapidly progressing hypoxemia after starting nicardipine infusion for blood pressure control. After ruling out all major causes of hypoxemic respiratory failure, the involvement of the calcium channel antagonist was strongly suspected. Hypoxemia caused by HPV release is an underreported side effect of calcium channel blockers. There are few clinical reports that describe the occurrence of this adverse event, and to our knowledge, only one other publication describes a patient suffering from infectious pneumopathy. In this article, we discuss the cellular mechanisms behind the HPV, as well as the pharmacology of calcium channel antagonists and their involvement in the development of acute respiratory failure. The purpose of this report is to remind clinicians dealing with patients affected by acute hypoxemia that pharmacologic HPV inhibition should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary costly and time-consuming assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizzatullin Timour
- Department of Intensive Care CentreHospitalier de Wallonie Picarde (CHwapi)TournaiBelgium
| | - Vallot Fréderic
- Department of Intensive Care CentreHospitalier de Wallonie Picarde (CHwapi)TournaiBelgium
| | - Simonet Olivier
- Department of Intensive Care CentreHospitalier de Wallonie Picarde (CHwapi)TournaiBelgium
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Alam A, Smith SC, Gobalakrishnan S, McGinn M, Yakovlev VA, Rabender CS. Uncoupled nitric oxide synthase activity promotes colorectal cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165326. [PMID: 36998441 PMCID: PMC10046306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are one hallmark of chronic inflammation contributing to the activation of pro-inflammatory/proliferative pathways. In the cancers analyzed, the tetrahydrobiopterin:dihydrobiopterin ratio is lower than that of the corresponding normal tissue, leading to an uncoupled nitric oxide synthase activity and increased generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Previously, we demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with sepiapterin, a salvage pathway precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin, prevents dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice and associated azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer. Herein, we report that increasing the tetrahydrobiopterin:dihydrobiopterin ratio and recoupling nitric oxide synthase with sepiapterin in the colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, inhibit their proliferation and enhance cell death, in part, by Akt/GSK-3β-mediated downregulation of β-catenin. Therapeutic oral gavage with sepiapterin of mice bearing azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer decreased metabolic uptake of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and enhanced apoptosis nine-fold in these tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of both mouse and human tissues indicated downregulated expression of key enzymes in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis in the colorectal cancer tumors. Human stage 1 colon tumors exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of quinoid dihydropteridine reductase, a key enzyme involved in recycling tetrahydrobiopterin suggesting a potential mechanism for the reduced tetrahydrobiopterin:dihydrobiopterin ratio in these tumors. In summary, sepiapterin treatment of colorectal cancer cells increases the tetrahydrobiopterin:dihydrobiopterin ratio, recouples nitric oxide synthase, and reduces tumor growth. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase coupling may provide a useful therapeutic target for treating patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Alam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Steven C. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Mina McGinn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Vasily A. Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Christopher S. Rabender
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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7
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Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Luo B, Cui J, Huang L, Chen K, Liu Y. The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: A comprehensive review and emerging insights. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010368. [PMID: 36466857 PMCID: PMC9716288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence demonstrating that oral dysbiosis causes periodontal disease and promotes the development of cardiovascular disease. The advancement of omics techniques has driven the optimization of oral microbiota species analysis and has provided a deeper understanding of oral pathogenic bacteria. A bi-directional relationship exists between the oral microbiota and the host, and oral-gut microbiota transfer is known to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and may cause local metabolic disorders. Furthermore, cardiovascular health can also be highly affected by oral microbiota functions and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and some lipid metabolites. Studies have found that trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) may have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, whereas SCFAs, NO, and H2S have cardioprotective effects. SCFAs and H2S exert varying oral and cardiovascular effects, however reports on this specific topic remain controversial. Previous evidences are accustomed to summarizing the functions of oral microbiota in the context of periodontitis. The direct relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular diseases is insufficient. By systematically summarizing the methods associated with oral microbiota transplantation (OMT), this review facilitates an investigation into the causal links between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease. The concomitant development of omics, bioinformatics, bacterial culture techniques, and microbiota transplantation techniques is required to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Molecular Pathways in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710001. [PMID: 36077398 PMCID: PMC9456336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a multifactorial, chronic disease process that leads to pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscular hypertrophy, resulting in impaired pliability and hemodynamics of the pulmonary vascular system, and consequent right ventricular dysfunction. Existing treatments target limited pathways with only modest improvement in disease morbidity, and little or no improvement in mortality. Ongoing research has focused on the molecular basis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is going to be important in the discovery of new treatments and genetic pathways involved. This review focuses on the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136974. [PMID: 35805984 PMCID: PMC9266543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia is a condition that occurs at high altitudes (>2500 m) where the partial pressure of gases, particularly oxygen (PO2), decreases. This condition triggers several physiological and molecular responses. One of the principal responses is pulmonary vascular contraction, which seeks to optimize gas exchange under this condition, known as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV); however, when this physiological response is exacerbated, it contributes to the development of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Increased levels of zinc (Zn2+) and oxidative stress (known as the “ROS hypothesis”) have been demonstrated in the vasoconstriction process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between molecular pathways associated with altered Zn2+ levels and oxidative stress in HPV in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The results indicate an increased level of Zn2+, which is related to increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), alterations in nitric oxide (NO), metallothionein (MT), zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation in the development of HPV. In conclusion, there is an association between elevated Zn2+ levels and oxidative stress in HPV under different models of hypoxia, which contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism involved in HPV to prevent the development of HAPH.
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Parajuli N, Kosanovic D. Editorial: Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases and Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868988. [PMID: 35402568 PMCID: PMC8983953 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Parajuli
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Nirmal Parajuli
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Djuro Kosanovic
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11
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Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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12
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Reinero M, Beghetti M, Tozzi P, Segesser LKV, Samaja M, Milano G. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway Modulation in an Experimental Model of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:665-676. [PMID: 33969747 PMCID: PMC8547238 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211014162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of nitric oxide (NO) may enable control of progression and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Several approaches may modulate the NO-cGMP pathway in vivo. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of 3 modulatory sites: (i) the amount of l-arginine; (ii) the size of plasma NO stores that stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase; (iii) the conversion of cGMP into inactive 5′-GMP, with respect to hypoxia, to test the effectiveness of the treatments with respect to hypoxia-induced PH. Male rats (n = 80; 10/group) maintained in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic chambers (10% O2) for 14 days were subdivided in 4 sub-groups: placebo, l-arginine (20 mg/ml), the NO donor molsidomine (15 mg/kg in drinking water), and phoshodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil (1.4 mg/kg in 0.3 ml saline, i.p.). Hypoxia depressed homeostasis and increased erythropoiesis, heart and right ventricle hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis inducing pulmonary remodeling. Stimulating anyone of the 3 mechanisms that enhance the NO-cGMP pathway helped rescuing the functional and morphological changes in the cardiopulmonary system leading to improvement, sometimes normalization, of the pressures. None of the treatments affected the observed parameters in normoxia. Thus, the 3 modulatory sites are essentially similar in enhancing the NO-cGMP pathway, thereby attenuating the hypoxia-related effects that lead to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reinero
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, 30538University Hospital of Geneva and Centre Universitaire Romand de Cardiologie et Chirurgie Cardiaque Pédiatrique University of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Cardio-Vascular Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, 9304University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Lázár Z, Mészáros M, Bikov A. The Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Pathomechanism, Biomarkers and Drug Targets. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7168-7188. [PMID: 32442078 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200522215047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The altered Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway in the pulmonary endothelium leads to increased vascular smooth muscle tone and vascular remodelling, and thus contributes to the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The pulmonary NO signalling is abrogated by the decreased expression and dysfunction of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and the accumulation of factors blocking eNOS functionality. The NO deficiency of the pulmonary vasculature can be assessed by detecting nitric oxide in the exhaled breath or measuring the degradation products of NO (nitrite, nitrate, S-nitrosothiol) in blood or urine. These non-invasive biomarkers might show the potential to correlate with changes in pulmonary haemodynamics and predict response to therapies. Current pharmacological therapies aim to stimulate pulmonary NO signalling by suppressing the degradation of NO (phosphodiesterase- 5 inhibitors) or increasing the formation of the endothelial cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which mediates the downstream effects of the pathway (soluble guanylate cyclase sensitizers). Recent data support that nitrite compounds and dietary supplements rich in nitrate might increase pulmonary NO availability and lessen vascular resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge on the involvement of the NO pathway in the pathomechanism of PAH, explores novel and easy-to-detect biomarkers of the pulmonary NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Lázár
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martina Mészáros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Rai N, Shihan M, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Novoyatleva T. Genetic Delivery and Gene Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031179. [PMID: 33503992 PMCID: PMC7865388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive complex fatal disease of multiple etiologies. Hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of vascular cells of intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of pulmonary vessels trigger excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction in the course of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a subgroup of PH. Multiple gene mutation/s or dysregulated gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH by endorsing the proliferation and promoting the resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells. Given the vital role of these cells in PAH progression, the development of safe and efficient-gene therapeutic approaches that lead to restoration or down-regulation of gene expression, generally involved in the etiology of the disease is the need of the hour. Currently, none of the FDA-approved drugs provides a cure against PH, hence innovative tools may offer a novel treatment paradigm for this progressive and lethal disorder by silencing pathological genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or through gene-editing applications. Here, we review the effectiveness and limitations of the presently available gene therapy approaches for PH. We provide a brief survey of commonly existing and currently applicable gene transfer methods for pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and describe some more recent developments for gene delivery existing in the field of PH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabham Rai
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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16
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Alruwaili N, Kandhi S, Sun D, Wolin MS. Metabolism and Redox in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:752-769. [PMID: 30403147 PMCID: PMC6708269 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review considers how some systems controlling pulmonary vascular function are potentially regulated by redox processes to examine how and why conditions such as prolonged hypoxia, pathological mediators, and other factors promoting vascular remodeling contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Aspects of vascular remodeling induction mechanisms described are associated with shifts in glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and increased cytosolic NADPH generation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increased glycolysis generation of cytosolic NADH and lactate, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with superoxide dismutase-2 depletion, changes in reactive oxygen species and iron metabolism, and redox signaling. Future Directions: The regulation and impact of hypoxia-inducible factor and the function of cGMP-dependent and redox regulation of protein kinase G are considered for their potential roles as key sensors and coordinators of redox and metabolic processes controlling the progression of vascular pathophysiology in PH, and how modulating aspects of metabolic and redox regulatory systems potentially function in beneficial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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17
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Tonelli AR, Aulak KS, Ahmed MK, Hausladen A, Abuhalimeh B, Casa CJ, Rogers SC, Timm D, Doctor A, Gaston B, Dweik RA. A pilot study on the kinetics of metabolites and microvascular cutaneous effects of nitric oxide inhalation in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221777. [PMID: 31469867 PMCID: PMC6716644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of effects through metabolites and these play an important role in regulation of hemodynamics in the body. A detailed investigation into the generation of these metabolites has been overlooked. OBJECTIVES We investigated the kinetics of nitrite and S-nitrosothiol-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma derived from inhaled NO subjects and how this modifies the cutaneous microvascular response. FINDINGS We enrolled 15 healthy volunteers. Plasma nitrite levels at baseline and during NO inhalation (15 minutes at 40 ppm) were 102 (86-118) and 114 (87-129) nM, respectively. The nitrite peak occurred at 5 minutes of discontinuing NO (131 (104-170) nM). Plasma nitrate levels were not significantly different during the study. SNO-Hb molar ratio levels at baseline and during NO inhalation were 4.7E-3 (2.5E-3-5.8E-3) and 7.8E-3 (4.1E-3-13.0E-3), respectively. Levels of SNO-Hb continued to climb up to the last study time point (30 min: 10.6E-3 (5.3E-3-15.5E-3)). The response to acetylcholine iontophoresis both before and during NO inhalation was inversely associated with the SNO-Hb level (r: -0.57, p = 0.03, and r: -0.54, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both nitrite and SNO-Hb increase during NO inhalation. Nitrite increases first, followed by a more sustained increase in Hb-SNO. Nitrite and Hb-SNO could be a mobile reservoir of NO with potential implications on the systemic microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano R. Tonelli
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Pathobiology Division, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America
| | - Kulwant S. Aulak
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America
| | - Mostafa K. Ahmed
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Batool Abuhalimeh
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America
| | - Charlie J. Casa
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - David Timm
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Pathobiology Division, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, United States of America
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18
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Mondéjar-Parreño G, Moral-Sanz J, Barreira B, De la Cruz A, Gonzalez T, Callejo M, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Morales-Cano D, Moreno L, Valenzuela C, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Activation of K v 7 channels as a novel mechanism for NO/cGMP-induced pulmonary vasodilation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2131-2145. [PMID: 30883701 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The NO/cGMP pathway represents a major physiological signalling controlling tone in pulmonary arteries (PA), and drugs activating this pathway are used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Kv channels expressed in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are key determinants of vascular tone. We aimed to analyse the contribution of Kv 1.5 and Kv 7 channels in the electrophysiological and vasodilating effects evoked by NO donors and the GC stimulator riociguat in PA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Kv currents were recorded in isolated rat PASMCs using the patch-clamp technique. Vascular reactivity was assessed in a wire myograph. KEY RESULTS The NO donors diethylamine NONOate diethylammonium (DEA-NO) and sodium nitroprusside hyperpolarized the membrane potential and induced a bimodal effect on Kv currents (augmenting the current between -40 and -10 mV and decreasing it at more depolarized potentials). The hyperpolarization and the enhancement of the current were suppressed by Kv 7 channel inhibitors and by the GC inhibitor ODQ but preserved when Kv 1.5 channels were inhibited. Additionally, DEA-NO enhanced Kv 7.5 currents in COS7 cells expressing the KCNQ5 gene. Riociguat increased Kv currents at all potentials ≥-40 mV and induced membrane hyperpolarization. Both effects were prevented by Kv 7 inhibition. Likewise, PA relaxation induced by NO donors and riociguat was attenuated by Kv 7 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NO donors and riociguat enhance Kv 7 currents, leading to PASMC hyperpolarization. This mechanism contributes to NO/cGMP-induced PA vasodilation. Our study identifies Kv 7 channels as a novel mechanism of action of vasodilator drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centres for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia De la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Wang S, Azarfar A, Wang Y, Cao Z, Li S. N-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 30186602 PMCID: PMC6120069 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is a life-threating condition for animals in high altitude, and disturbance of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis contributes to its pathogenesis. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), which enhances arginine synthesis, promotes endogenous synthesis of NO. In this study, we determined the effects of NCG on alleviating HAPH in Holstein heifers that ascended to Tibet (Lhasa, 3,658 m). Methods Exp. 1, 2,000 Holstein heifers were transported from low elevation (1,027 m) to Lhasa. After being exposed to hypoxia for 1 yr, Holstein heifers were assigned to a healthy group (Control, n = 6) with mean pulmonary hypertension (mPAP) < 41 mmHg, and an HAPH affected group (HAPH, n = 6) with mPAP > 49 mmHg. Lung tissues were collected to evaluate histopathological changes and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Exp. 2, ten healthy heifers and 10 HAPH affected heifers were supplemented with NCG (20 g/d per heifer) for 4 wk. Physiological parameters were determined and blood samples were collected on d − 1 and d 28 of the feeding trial. Results Expression of eNOS in small pulmonary arteriole intima was higher in the healthy than HAPH group (P = 0.006), whereas HAPH group had significantly thicker media and adventitia than healthy group (all P < 0.05). The mRNA of eNOS and protein level of eNOS were higher in the lungs of heifers in the healthy group than in the HAPH group (both P < 0.001), whereas endothelin-1 protein levels were higher in HAPH group than in the healthy group (P = 0.025). NCG supplementation decreased mPAP and ammonia (both P = 0.001), whereas it increased the expression of eNOS, arginine, and plasma NO (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of eNOS was decreased in Holstein heifers with HAPH. NCG supplementation decreased mPAP through the restoration of eNOS and endogenous NO synthesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0277-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Arash Azarfar
- 2Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Lorestan University, PO Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yajing Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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20
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Redox Mechanisms Influencing cGMP Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:227-240. [PMID: 29047089 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP signaling are major regulators of pulmonary vasodilation and vascular remodeling that protect the pulmonary circulation from hypertension development. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, thiol and heme redox, and heme biosynthesis control mechanisms regulating the production of cGMP by sGC. In addition, a cGMP-independent mechanism regulates protein kinase G through thiol oxidation in manner controlled by peroxide metabolism and NADPH redox. Multiple aspects of these regulatory processes contribute to physiological and pathophysiological regulation of the pulmonary circulation, and create potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary vascular disease.
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21
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Patrician A, Engan H, Lundsten D, Grote L, Vigetun-Haughey H, Schagatay E. The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on Nocturnal Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Arterial Oxygen Desaturation at High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 19:21-27. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patrician
- Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Harald Engan
- Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- LHL Klinikkene Röros, Norwegian Heart and Lung Patient Organization, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Lundsten
- Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ludger Grote
- Pulmonary Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Erika Schagatay
- Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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22
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Mathew John C, Khaddaj Mallat R, George G, Kim T, Mishra RC, Braun AP. Pharmacologic targeting of endothelial Ca 2+-activated K + channels: A strategy to improve cardiovascular function. Channels (Austin) 2018; 12:126-136. [PMID: 29577810 PMCID: PMC5972810 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1454814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial small and intermediate-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively) play an important role in the regulation of vascular function and systemic blood pressure. Growing evidence indicates that they are intimately involved in agonist-evoked vasodilation of small resistance arteries throughout the circulation. Small molecule activators of KCa2.x and 3.1 channels, such as SKA-31, can acutely inhibit myogenic tone in isolated resistance arteries, induce effective vasodilation in intact vascular beds, such as the coronary circulation, and acutely decrease systemic blood pressure in vivo. The blood pressure-lowering effect of SKA-31, and early indications of improvement in endothelial dysfunction suggest that endothelial KCa channel activators could eventually be developed into a new class of endothelial targeted agents to combat hypertension or atherosclerosis. This review summarises recent insights into the activation of endothelial Ca2+ activated K+ channels in various vascular beds, and how tools, such as SKA-31, may be beneficial in disease-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cini Mathew John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rayan Khaddaj Mallat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace George
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taeyeob Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ramesh C. Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Wang X, Cai X, Wang W, Jin Y, Chen M, Huang X, Zhu X, Wang L. Effect of asiaticoside on endothelial cells in hypoxia‑induced pulmonary hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2893-2900. [PMID: 29257311 PMCID: PMC5783505 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive disease with limited treatment options. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of PH remain to be elucidated, however there is novel evidence that implicates abnormal endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis and dysfunction of ECs to be involved in the initiation of PH. Asiaticoside (AS) is a saponin monomer extracted from a medicinal plant called Centella asiatica, which had a preventing effect of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (hypoxic PH) by blocking transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD family member 2/3 signaling in our previous study. The present study demonstrated that AS can prevent the development of hypoxic PH and reverse the established hypoxic PH. AS may activate the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signals by enhancing the phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase/eNOS, thus promoting NO production, and prevent ECs from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. All these findings imply that AS may be a potential therapeutic option for hypoxic PH patients due to its effect on the vitality and function of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumalogy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Rheumalogy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Department of Rheumalogy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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25
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Wales JA, Chen CY, Breci L, Weichsel A, Bernier SG, Sheppeck JE, Solinga R, Nakai T, Renhowe PA, Jung J, Montfort WR. Discovery of stimulator binding to a conserved pocket in the heme domain of soluble guanylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1850-1864. [PMID: 29222330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for nitric oxide and a highly sought-after therapeutic target for the management of cardiovascular diseases. New compounds that stimulate sGC show clinical promise, but where these stimulator compounds bind and how they function remains unknown. Here, using a photolyzable diazirine derivative of a novel stimulator compound, IWP-051, and MS analysis, we localized drug binding to the β1 heme domain of sGC proteins from the hawkmoth Manduca sexta and from human. Covalent attachments to the stimulator were also identified in bacterial homologs of the sGC heme domain, referred to as H-NOX domains, including those from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, Shewanella oneidensis, Shewanella woodyi, and Clostridium botulinum, indicating that the binding site is highly conserved. The identification of photoaffinity-labeled peptides was aided by a signature MS fragmentation pattern of general applicability for unequivocal identification of covalently attached compounds. Using NMR, we also examined stimulator binding to sGC from M. sexta and bacterial H-NOX homologs. These data indicated that stimulators bind to a conserved cleft between two subdomains in the sGC heme domain. L12W/T48W substitutions within the binding pocket resulted in a 9-fold decrease in drug response, suggesting that the bulkier tryptophan residues directly block stimulator binding. The localization of stimulator binding to the sGC heme domain reported here resolves the longstanding question of where stimulators bind and provides a path forward for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Wales
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and
| | - Linda Breci
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and
| | - Andrzej Weichsel
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and
| | | | | | - Robert Solinga
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Takashi Nakai
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Paul A Renhowe
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Joon Jung
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - William R Montfort
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and
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26
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Shilo NR, Morris CR. Pathways to pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: the search for prevention and early intervention. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:875-890. [PMID: 28817980 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1364989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) develops in a significant number of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on PH pathophysiology, risk stratification, and new recommendations for screening and treatment for patients with SCD. Areas covered: An extensive PubMed literature search was performed. While the pathophysiology of PH in SCD is yet to be fully deciphered, it is known that the etiology is multifactorial; hemolysis, hypercoagulability, hypoxemia, ischemic-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility all contribute in varying degrees to endothelial dysfunction. Hemolysis, in particular, seems to play a key role by inciting an imbalance in the regulatory axis of nitric oxide and arginine metabolism. Systematic risk stratification starting in childhood based on clinical features and biomarkers that enable early detection is necessary. Multi-faceted, targeted interventions, before irreversible vasculopathy develops, will allow for improved patient outcomes and life expectancy. Expert commentary: Despite progress in our understanding of PH in SCD, clinically proven therapies remain elusive and additional controlled clinical trials are needed. Prevention of disease starts in childhood, a critical window for intervention. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of SCD, patients will ultimately benefit from combination therapies that simultaneously targets multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Shilo
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine , University of Connecticut Heath Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Claudia R Morris
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory-Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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27
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Koch CD, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Morris A. Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:48-67. [PMID: 27989792 PMCID: PMC5401802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Koch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Boyce AKJ, Epp AL, Nagarajan A, Swayne LA. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:72-82. [PMID: 28279657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are a 3-membered family of proteins that form large pore ion and metabolite channels in vertebrates. The impact of pannexins on vertebrate biology is intricately tied to where and when they are expressed, and how they are modified, once produced. The purpose of this review is therefore to outline our current understanding of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. First, we briefly summarize their discovery and characteristics. Next, we describe several aspects of transcriptional regulation, including cell and tissue-specific expression, dynamic expression over development and disease, as well as new insights into the underlying molecular machinery involved. Following this, we delve into the role of post-translational modifications in the regulation of trafficking and channel properties, highlighting important work on glycosylation, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation and proteolytic cleavage. Embedded throughout, we also highlight important knowledge gaps and avenues of future research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K J Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Anna L Epp
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Archana Nagarajan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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29
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Montfort WR, Wales JA, Weichsel A. Structure and Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, the Nitric Oxide Sensor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:107-121. [PMID: 26979942 PMCID: PMC5240008 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Soluble guanylyl/guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and is central to the physiology of blood pressure regulation, wound healing, memory formation, and other key physiological activities. sGC is increasingly implicated in disease and is targeted by novel therapeutic compounds. The protein displays a rich evolutionary history and a fascinating signal transduction mechanism, with NO binding to an N-terminal heme-containing domain, which activates the C-terminal cyclase domains. Recent Advances: Crystal structures of individual sGC domains or their bacterial homologues coupled with small-angle x-ray scattering, electron microscopy, chemical cross-linking, and Förster resonance energy transfer measurements are yielding insight into the overall structure for sGC, which is elongated and likely quite dynamic. Transient kinetic measurements reveal a role for individual domains in lowering NO affinity for heme. New sGC stimulatory drugs are now in the clinic and appear to function through binding near or directly to the sGC heme domain, relieving inhibitory contacts with other domains. New sGC-activating drugs show promise for recovering oxidized sGC in diseases with high inflammation by replacing lost heme. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the many recent advances, sGC regulation, NO activation, and mechanisms of drug binding remain unclear. Here, we describe the molecular evolution of sGC, new molecular models, and the linked equilibria between sGC NO binding, drug binding, and catalytic activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent results and ongoing studies lay the foundation for a complete understanding of structure and mechanism, and they open the door for new drug discovery targeting sGC. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 107-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica A Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrzej Weichsel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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30
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Brockhoff B, Schreckenberg R, Forst S, Heger J, Bencsik P, Kiss K, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R, Schlüter K. Effect of nitric oxide deficiency on the pulmonary PTHrP system. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:96-106. [PMID: 27581501 PMCID: PMC5192877 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is common in pulmonary diseases, but its effect on pulmonary remodelling is still controversial. As pulmonary parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression is a key regulator of pulmonary fibrosis and development, the effect of chronic NO deficiency on the pulmonary PTHrP system and its relationship with oxidative stress was addressed. NO bioavailability in adult rats was reduced by systemic administration of L-NAME via tap water. To clarify the role of NO synthase (NOS)-3-derived NO on pulmonary expression of PTHrP, NOS-3-deficient mice were used. Captopril and hydralazine were used to reduce the hypertensive effect of L-NAME treatment and to interfere with the pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot techniques were used to characterize the expression of key proteins involved in pulmonary remodelling. L-NAME administration significantly reduced pulmonary NO concentration and caused oxidative stress as characterized by increased pulmonary nitrite concentration and increased expression of NOX2, p47phox and p67phox. Furthermore, L-NAME induced the pulmonary expression of PTHrP and of its corresponding receptor, PTH-1R. Expression of PTHrP and PTH-1R correlated with the expression of two well-established PTHrP downstream targets, ADRP and PPARγ, suggesting an activation of the pulmonary PTHrP system by NO deficiency. Captopril reduced the expression of PTHrP, profibrotic markers and ornithine decarboxylase, but neither that of PTH-1R nor that of ADRP and PPARγ. All transcriptional changes were confirmed in NOS-3-deficient mice. In conclusion, NOS-3-derived NO suppresses pulmonary PTHrP and PTH-1R expression, thereby modifying pulmonary remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Brockhoff
- Physiologisches InstitutJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GießenGießenGermany
| | | | - Svenja Forst
- Physiologisches InstitutJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GießenGießenGermany
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Physiologisches InstitutJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GießenGießenGermany
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
- Cardiovascular Research GroupDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Krisztina Kiss
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
- Cardiovascular Research GroupDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches InstitutJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GießenGießenGermany
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31
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Villar IC, Bubb KJ, Moyes AJ, Steiness E, Gulbrandsen T, Levy FO, Hobbs AJ. Functional pharmacological characterization of SER100 in cardiovascular health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3386-3401. [PMID: 27667485 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SER100 is a selective nociceptin (NOP) receptor agonist with sodium-potassium-sparing aquaretic and anti-natriuretic activity. This study was designed to characterize the functional cardiovascular pharmacology of SER100 in vitro and in vivo, including experimental models of cardiovascular disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Haemodynamic, ECG parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined using radiotelemetry in healthy, conscious mice. The haemodynamic and vascular effects of SER100 were also evaluated in two models of cardiovascular disease, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and murine hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). To elucidate mechanisms underlying the pharmacology of SER100, acute blood pressure recordings were performed in anaesthetized mice, and the reactivity of rodent aorta and mesenteric arteries in response to electrical- and agonist-stimulation assessed. KEY RESULTS SER100 caused NOP receptor-dependent reductions in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate that were independent of NO. The hypotensive and vasorelaxant actions of SER100 were potentiated in SHR compared with Wistar Kyoto. Moreover, SER100 reduced several indices of disease severity in experimental PH. Analysis of HRV indicated that SER100 decreased the low/high frequency ratio, an indicator of sympatho-vagal balance, and in electrically stimulated mouse mesenteric arteries SER100 inhibited sympathetic-induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SER100 exerts a chronic hypotensive and bradycardic effects in rodents, including models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. SER100 produces its cardiovascular effects, at least in part, by inhibition of cardiac and vascular sympathetic activity. SER100 may represent a novel therapeutic candidate in systemic and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada C Villar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruiz-Garcia J, Alegria-Barrero E. Cardiovascular Safety in Drug Development. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 21:507-515. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416639719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As drug development becomes a long and demanding process, it might also become a barrier to medical progress. Drug safety concerns are responsible for many of the resources consumed in launching a new drug. Despite the money and time expended on it, a significant number of drugs are withdrawn years or decades after being in the market. Cardiovascular toxicity is one of the major reasons for those late withdrawals, meaning that many patients are exposed to unexpected serious cardiovascular risks. It seems that current methods to assess cardiovascular safety are imperfect, so new approaches to avoid the exposure to those undesirable effects are quite necessary. Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest detectable pathophysiological abnormality, which leads to the development of atherosclerosis, and it is also an independent predictor for major cardiovascular events. Endothelial toxicity might be the culprit of the cardiovascular adverse effects observed with a significant number of drugs. In this article, we suggest the regular inclusion of the best validated and less invasive endothelial function tests in the clinical phases of drug development in order to facilitate the development of drugs with safer cardiovascular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejon, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Alegria-Barrero
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejon, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Chalupsky K, Kračun D, Kanchev I, Bertram K, Görlach A. Folic Acid Promotes Recycling of Tetrahydrobiopterin and Protects Against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Recoupling Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1076-91. [PMID: 26414244 PMCID: PMC4657514 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) has been implicated in the adaptive response to hypoxia. An imbalance between 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2) can result in eNOS uncoupling and the generation of superoxide instead of NO. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) can recycle BH2 to BH4, leading to eNOS recoupling. However, the role of DHFR and eNOS recoupling in the response to hypoxia is not well understood. We hypothesized that increasing the capacity to recycle BH4 from BH2 would improve NO bioavailability as well as pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) as indicators of pulmonary hypertension (PH) under hypoxic conditions. RESULTS In human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and murine pulmonary arteries exposed to hypoxia, eNOS was uncoupled as indicated by reduced superoxide production in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Concomitantly, NO levels, BH4 availability, and expression of DHFR were diminished under hypoxia. Application of folic acid (FA) restored DHFR levels, NO bioavailability, and BH4 levels under hypoxia. Importantly, FA prevented the development of hypoxia-induced PVR, right ventricular pressure increase, and RVH. INNOVATION FA-induced upregulation of DHFR recouples eNOS under hypoxia by improving BH4 recycling, thus preventing hypoxia-induced PH. CONCLUSION FA might serve as a novel therapeutic option combating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Chalupsky
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Damir Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Kanchev
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Li G, Xia J, Jia P, Zhao J, Sun Y, Wu C, Liu B. Plasma Levels of Acylated Ghrelin in Children with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:1423-8. [PMID: 25981561 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-015-1178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate plasma levels of acylated ghrelin in children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to correlate the levels of acylated ghrelin with endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and clinical hemodynamic parameters. We investigated the plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin, ET-1, NO, and the hemodynamic parameters in 20 children with CHD, 20 children with PH-CHD, and 20 normal children. Plasma-acylated ghrelin and NO levels were significantly higher in CHD group than in control subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, plasma-acylated ghrelin, ET-1, and NO levels were significantly elevated in PH-CHD group compared with the CHD group (P < 0.05). In PH-CHD children, plasma-acylated ghrelin levels correlated positively with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP; r = 0.740, P < 0.001), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP; r = 0.613, P = 0.004), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP; r = 0.642, P = 0.002), mean pulmonary arterial hypertension (mPAP; r = 0.685, P = 0.001), right ventricle diameter (RVD; r = 0.473, P = 0.035), pulmonary artery trunk diameter (PAD; r = 0.613, P = 0.004), NO (r = 0.463, P = 0.04), and ET-1 (r = 0.524, P = 0.018). Plasma-acylated ghrelin levels were elevated both in CHD and in PH-CHD. Increased acylated ghrelin levels correlated positively with ET-1, NO, PASP, PADP, RVSP, mPAP, RVD, and PAD. Acylated ghrelin may be a new biomarker of PH-CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyi Xia
- Research Center for Drug and Functional Foods of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Changxue Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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van Vonderen JJ, Te Pas AB. The first breaths of life: imaging studies of the human infant during neonatal transition. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:143-6. [PMID: 25962858 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal transition during birth is characterized by major physiological changes in respiratory and hemodynamic function, which are predominantly initiated by labor, lung aeration and clamping of the umbilical cord. Lung liquid clearance and lung aeration are not only important for the establishment of functional residual capacity, but these events also trigger the significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in pulmonary blood flow. Clamping the umbilical cord also contributes to these hemodynamic changes by increasing the systemic vascular resistance and sudden loss of a large proportion of venous return. This results in blood flow changes both through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus and eventually leads to closure of these structures and the separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Most of the early theories describing neonatal transition are based on imaging studies of human infants from the 1900s. Some of these theories have been disproven in more recent studies using more accurate and non-invasive imaging techniques. This review will provide an overview of the theories suggested to explain the process of liquid clearance and lung recruitment and also addresses new findings in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J van Vonderen
- Division of neonatology, department of pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arjan B Te Pas
- Division of neonatology, department of pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Motion of proximal histidine and structural allosteric transition in soluble guanylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1697-704. [PMID: 25831539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423098112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the changes of heme coordination in purified soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by time-resolved spectroscopy in a time range encompassing 11 orders of magnitude (from 1 ps to 0.2 s). After dissociation, NO either recombines geminately to the 4-coordinate (4c) heme (τG1 = 7.5 ps; 97 ± 1% of the population) or exits the heme pocket (3 ± 1%). The proximal His rebinds to the 4c heme with a 70-ps time constant. Then, NO is distributed in two approximately equal populations (1.5%). One geminately rebinds to the 5c heme (τG2 = 6.5 ns), whereas the other diffuses out to the solution, from where it rebinds bimolecularly (τ = 50 μs with [NO] = 200 μM) forming a 6c heme with a diffusion-limited rate constant of 2 × 10(8) M(-1)⋅s(-1). In both cases, the rebinding of NO induces the cleavage of the Fe-His bond that can be observed as an individual reaction step. Saliently, the time constant of bond cleavage differs depending on whether NO binds geminately or from solution (τ5C1 = 0.66 μs and τ5C2 = 10 ms, respectively). Because the same event occurs with rates separated by four orders of magnitude, this measurement implies that sGC is in different structural states in both cases, having different strain exerted on the Fe-His bond. We show here that this structural allosteric transition takes place in the range 1-50 μs. In this context, the detection of NO binding to the proximal side of sGC heme is discussed.
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S-nitroso human serum albumin attenuates pulmonary hypertension, improves right ventricular–arterial coupling, and reduces oxidative stress in a chronic right ventricle volume overload model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure, low-resistance, highly compliant vasculature. In contrast to the systemic circulation, it is not primarily regulated by a central nervous control mechanism. The regulation of resting membrane potential due to ion channels is of integral importance in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pulmonary vasculature. RECENT ADVANCES Redox-driven ion conductance changes initiated by direct oxidation, nitration, and S-nitrosylation of the cysteine thiols and indirect phosphorylation of the threonine and serine residues directly affect pulmonary vascular tone. CRITICAL ISSUES Molecular mechanisms of changes in ion channel conductance, especially the identification of the sites of action, are still not fully elucidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigation of the interaction between redox status and ion channel gating, especially the physiological significance of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation, could result in a better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological importance of these mediators in general and the implications of such modifications in cellular functions and related diseases and their importance for targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research , Graz, Austria
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Alhawaj R, Patel D, Kelly MR, Sun D, Wolin MS. Heme biosynthesis modulation via δ-aminolevulinic acid administration attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L719-28. [PMID: 25659899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00155.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines how heme biosynthesis modulation with δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) potentially functions to prevent 21-day hypoxia (10% oxygen)-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice and the effects of 24-h organoid culture with bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) with the hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension mediator endothelin-1 (ET-1), with a focus on changes in superoxide and regulation of micro-RNA 204 (miR204) expression by src kinase phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). The treatment of mice with ALA attenuated pulmonary hypertension (assessed through echo Doppler flow of the pulmonary valve, and direct measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy), increases in pulmonary arterial superoxide (detected by lucigenin), and decreases in lung miR204 and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression. ALA treatment of BPA attenuated ET-1-induced increases in mitochondrial superoxide (detected by MitoSox), STAT3 phosphorylation, and decreases in miR204 and SOD2 expression. Because ALA increases BPA protoporphyrin IX (a stimulator of guanylate cyclase) and cGMP-mediated protein kinase G (PKG) activity, the effects of the PKG activator 8-bromo-cGMP were examined and found to also attenuate the ET-1-induced increase in superoxide. ET-1 increased superoxide production and the detection of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence, suggesting oxidant conditions might impair heme biosynthesis by ferrochelatase. However, chronic hypoxia actually increased ferrochelatase activity in mouse pulmonary arteries. Thus, a reversal of factors increasing mitochondrial superoxide and oxidant effects that potentially influence remodeling signaling related to miR204 expression and perhaps iron availability needed for the biosynthesis of heme by the ferrochelatase reaction could be factors in the beneficial actions of ALA in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Alhawaj
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dhara Patel
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Melissa R Kelly
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Morales-Cano D, Menendez C, Moreno E, Moral-Sanz J, Barreira B, Galindo P, Pandolfi R, Jimenez R, Moreno L, Cogolludo A, Duarte J, Perez-Vizcaino F. The flavonoid quercetin reverses pulmonary hypertension in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114492. [PMID: 25460361 PMCID: PMC4252144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid which exerts vasodilator, antiplatelet and antiproliferative effects and reduces blood pressure, oxidative status and end-organ damage in humans and animal models of systemic hypertension. We hypothesized that oral quercetin treatment might be protective in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Three weeks after injection of monocrotaline, quercetin (10 mg/kg/d per os) or vehicle was administered for 10 days to adult Wistar rats. Quercetin significantly reduced mortality. In surviving animals, quercetin decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and muscularization of small pulmonary arteries. Classic biomarkers of pulmonary arterial hypertension such as the downregulated expression of lung BMPR2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1, upregulated survivin, endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to 5-HT were unaffected by quercetin. Quercetin significantly restored the decrease in Kv currents, the upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors and reduced the Akt and S6 phosphorylation. In vitro, quercetin induced pulmonary artery vasodilator effects, inhibited pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In conclusion, quercetin is partially protective in this rat model of PAH. It delayed mortality by lowering PAP, RVH and vascular remodeling. Quercetin exerted effective vasodilator effects in isolated PA, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in PASMCs. These effects were associated with decreased 5-HT2A receptor expression and Akt and S6 phosphorylation and partially restored Kv currents. Therefore, quercetin could be useful in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Menendez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Galindo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rachele Pandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Wedgwood S, Steinhorn RH. Role of reactive oxygen species in neonatal pulmonary vascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1926-42. [PMID: 24350610 PMCID: PMC4202910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal lung development in the perinatal period can result in severe neonatal complications, including persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) of the newborn and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a substantive role in the development of PH associated with these diseases. ROS impair the normal pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation in response to vasodilators, and ROS are also implicated in pulmonary arterial remodeling, both of which can increase the severity of PH. RECENT ADVANCES PA ROS levels are elevated when endogenous ROS-generating enzymes are activated and/or when endogenous ROS scavengers are inactivated. Animal models have provided valuable insights into ROS generators and scavengers that are dysregulated in different forms of neonatal PH, thus identifying potential therapeutic targets. CRITICAL ISSUES General antioxidant therapy has proved ineffective in reversing PH, suggesting that it is necessary to target specific signaling pathways for successful therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Development of novel selective pharmacologic inhibitors along with nonantioxidant therapies may improve the treatment outcomes of patients with PH, while further investigation of the underlying mechanisms may enable earlier detection of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
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Wang JQ, Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB. Effect of post recruitment maneuver ventilation by different tidal volume on lung vascular endothelial diastole function in rats with acute lung injury. World J Emerg Med 2014; 2:141-8. [PMID: 25215000 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to observe the effect of recruitment maneuver (RM) and post-RM ventilation at different tidal volume on lung vascular diastole endothelial function in rats with acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS A ALI rat model was produced by intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (6 mg/ kg). Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group (n=5), ALI group (n=5), low tidal volume group (LV group, VT 6 mL/kg, n=5), sustained inflation (SI) with low tidal volume group (SI+LV group, VT 6 mL/kg, n=5), and SI with moderate tidal volume group (SI+MV group, VT 12 mL/ kg, n=5). RM was performed with SI, airway pressure 30 cmH2O for 30 seconds, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set to 5 cmH2O. Lung tissue was taken after 5 hours of mechanical ventilation. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was monitored during the experiment. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS), Ach-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation response of isolated pulmonary artery rings were determined at 5 hours. RESULTS LPS increased ET-1 level, decreased the expression of eNOS in lung tissue, impaired the Ach-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation response in the pulmonary artery, without obvious effect on systemic hemodynamics. SI+LV significantly reduced LPS-induced elevation of ET-1 level, increased the expression of eNOS, significantly improved endothelial dysfunction, and improved the dysfunction of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS RM with a high or low tidal volume ventilation could improve the lung vascular endothelial function of rats with acute lung injury, and RM with low tidal volume ventilation could lower significantly the injury of lung vascular endothelial diastole function in rats with acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China; ICU, Zhongda Hospital, South-East University, Nanjing 210009, China (Pan C, Liu L, Jin L, Yang Y, Qiu HB)
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Perinatal nitric oxide therapy prevents adverse effects of perinatal hypoxia on the adult pulmonary circulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:949361. [PMID: 25110713 PMCID: PMC4119643 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events in utero are associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases in adulthood.
We previously demonstrated in mice that perinatal hypoxia resulted in altered pulmonary circulation in adulthood, with a decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of pulmonary arteries, associated with long-term alterations in the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP pathway. The present study investigated whether inhaled NO (iNO) administered simultaneously to perinatal hypoxia could have potential beneficial effects on the adult pulmonary circulation. Indeed, iNO is the therapy of choice in humans presenting neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Long-term effects of neonatal iNO therapy on adult pulmonary circulation have not yet been investigated. Pregnant mice were placed in hypoxia (13% O2) with simultaneous administration of iNO 5 days before delivery until 5 days after birth. Pups were then raised in normoxia until adulthood. Perinatal iNO administration completely restored acetylcholine-induced relaxation, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein content, in isolated pulmonary arteries of adult mice born in hypoxia. Right ventricular hypertrophy observed in old mice born in hypoxia compared to controls was also prevented by perinatal iNO treatment. Therefore, simultaneous administration of iNO during perinatal hypoxic exposure seems able to prevent adverse effects of perinatal hypoxia on the adult pulmonary circulation.
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Lang JAR, Pearson JT, te Pas AB, Wallace MJ, Siew ML, Kitchen MJ, Fouras A, Lewis RA, Wheeler KI, Polglase GR, Shirai M, Sonobe T, Hooper SB. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch during lung aeration at birth. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:535-43. [PMID: 24994883 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01358.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At birth, the transition to newborn life is triggered by lung aeration, which stimulates a large increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Current theories predict that the increase in PBF is spatially related to ventilated lung regions as they aerate after birth. Using simultaneous phase-contrast X-ray imaging and angiography we investigated the spatial relationships between lung aeration and the increase in PBF after birth. Six near-term (30-day gestation) rabbits were delivered by caesarean section, intubated and an intravenous catheter inserted, before they were positioned for X-ray imaging. During imaging, iodine was injected before ventilation onset, after ventilation of the right lung only, and after ventilation of both lungs. Unilateral ventilation increased iodine levels entering both left and right pulmonary arteries (PAs) and significantly increased heart rate, iodine ejection per beat, diameters of both left and right PAs, and number of visible vessels in both lungs. Within the 6th intercostal space, the mean gray level (relative measure of iodine level) increased from 68.3 ± 11.6 and 70.3 ± 7.5%·s to 136.3 ± 22.6 and 136.3 ± 23.7%·s in the left and right PAs, respectively. No differences were observed between vessels in the left and right lungs, despite the left lung not initially being ventilated. The increase in PBF at birth is not spatially related to lung aeration allowing a large ventilation/perfusion mismatch, or pulmonary shunting, to occur in the partially aerated lung at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A R Lang
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arjan B te Pas
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa L Siew
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Fouras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert A Lewis
- Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kevin I Wheeler
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia; and
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;
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Yu M, Wang W, Zhang N. Convenient and selective "off-on" detection nitric oxide in solution and thin film with quinoline based fluorescence sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 126:329-332. [PMID: 24680128 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline based fluorescence sensor (1) was synthesized and characterized with mass spectra (MS), ((1))H nuclear magnetic resonance (((1))H NMR) spectrometer, elemental analyses, and infrared (IR) spectra. Following fluorescence experiments demonstrate 1 can coordinate with copper ions, and lead to fluorescence completely quenched. The 1-copper complex was used as a "turn-on" fluorescence biosensor to convenient and highly effective detect nitric oxide (NO) over other radicals in solution and PCL-based thin film. The finding would enable the quinoline based fluorescence probe to be an "off-on" convenient NO fluorescence probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China.
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Wu JX, Zhu HW, Chen X, Wei JL, Zhang XF, Xu MY. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses pulmonary arterial dysfunction in lung transplantation. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:609-18. [PMID: 24760104 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after lung transplantation remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Lung IRI induces nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) and reactive nitrogen species, decreasing nitric oxide bioavailability. We hypothesized that ischemia-induced iNOS intensifies with reperfusion and contributes to IRI-induced pulmonary arterial regulatory dysfunction, which may lead to early graft failure and cause pulmonary edema. The aim of this study was to determine whether ischemia-reperfusion alters inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, potentially affecting pulmonary perfusion. We further evaluated the role of iNOS in post-transplantation pulmonary arterial disorder. METHODS We randomized 32 Sprague-Dawley rats into two groups. The control group was given a sham operation whilst the experimental group received orthotropic lung transplants with a modified three-cuff technique. Changes in lung iNOS, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were measured after lung transplantation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vasoconstriction in response to exogenous phenylephrine and vasodilation in response to exogenous acetylcholine of pulmonary arterial rings were measured in vitro as a measure of vascular dysfunction. To elucidate the roles of iNOS in regulating vascular function, an iNOS activity inhibitor (N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine, L-NIL) was used to treat isolated arterial rings. In order to test whether iNOS inhibition has a therapeutic effect, we further used L-NIL to pre-treat transplanted lungs and then measured post-transplantation arterial responses. RESULTS Lung transplantation caused upregulation of iNOS expression. This was also accompanied by suppression of both vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterial rings from transplanted lungs. Removal of endothelium did not interfere with the contraction of pulmonary arterial rings from transplanted lungs. In contrast, iNOS inhibition rescued the vasoconstriction response to exogenous phenylephrine of pulmonary arterial rings from transplanted lungs. In addition, lung transplantation led to suppression of PaO2/FiO2 ratio, increased intrapulmonary shunt (Q s/Q t), and increase of lung wet to dry ratio (W/D), malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, all of which were reversed upon iNOS inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of iNOS significantly rescued vascular function and alleviated edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the transplanted lung. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lung transplantation causes upregulation of iNOS expression, and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. iNOS inhibition reverses the post-transplantational pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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Endothelial progenitor cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:595-601. [PMID: 24680485 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterised by lung endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodelling. A number of studies now suggest that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may induce neovascularisation and could be a promising approach for cell based therapy for PAH. On the contrary EPCs may contribute to pulmonary vascular remodelling, particularly in end-stage pulmonary disease. This review article will provide a brief summary of the relationship between PAH and EPCs, the application of the EPCs to PAH and highlight the potential clinical application of the EPCs cell therapy to PAH.
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Hagan G, Pepke-Zaba J. Pulmonary hypertension, nitric oxide and nitric oxide-releasing compounds. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 5:163-71. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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van der Horst IWJM, Reiss I, Tibboel D. Therapeutic targets in neonatal pulmonary hypertension: linking pathophysiology to clinical medicine. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 2:85-96. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Since the first successful lung transplant 30 years ago, lung transplantation has rapidly become an established standard of care to treat end-stage lung disease in selected patients. Advances in lung preservation, surgical technique, and immunosuppression regimens have resulted in the routine performance of lung transplantation around the world for an increasing number of patients, with wider indications. Despite this, donor shortages and chronic lung allograft dysfunction continue to prevent lung transplantation from reaching its full potential. With research into the underlying mechanisms of acute and chronic lung graft dysfunction and advances in personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to both the donor lung and the lung transplant recipient, there is increasing confidence that we will improve short- and long-term outcomes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Yeung
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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