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Ponce-Balbuena D, Tyrrell DJ, Cruz-Cortés C, Guerrero-Serna G, Da Rocha AM, Herron TJ, Song J, Raza DS, Anumonwo J, Goldstein DR, Espinoza-Fonseca LM. Paradoxical SERCA dysregulation contributes to atrial fibrillation in a model of diet-induced obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606385. [PMID: 39149279 PMCID: PMC11326153 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) the most common serious cardiac arrhythmia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying diet-induced AF remain unclear. In this study, we subjected mice to a chronic high-fat diet and acute sympathetic activation ('two-hit' model) to study the mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity promotes AF. Surface electrocardiography revealed that diet-induced obesity and sympathetic activation synergize during intracardiac tachypacing to induce AF. At the cellular level, diet-induced obesity and acute adrenergic stimulation facilitate the formation of delayed afterdepolarizations in atrial myocytes, implicating altered Ca2+ dynamics as the underlying cause of AF. We found that diet-induced obesity does not alter the expression of major Ca2+-handling proteins in atria, including the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), a major component of beat-to-beat Ca2+ cycling in the heart. Paradoxically, obesity reduces phospholamban phosphorylation, suggesting decreased SERCA activity, yet atrial myocytes from obese mice showed a significantly increased Ca2+ transient amplitude and SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake. Adrenergic stimulation further increases the Ca2+ transient amplitude but does not affect Ca2+ reuptake in atrial myocytes from obese mice. Transcriptomics analysis showed that a high-fat diet prompts upregulation of neuronatin, a protein that has been implicated in obesity and is known to stimulate SERCA activity. We propose a mechanism in which obesity primes SERCA for paradoxical activation, and adrenergic stimulation facilitates AF conversion through a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release gain in atrial myocytes. Overall, this study links obesity, altered Ca2+ signaling, and AF, and targeting this mechanism may prove effective for treating obesity-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tyrrell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carlos Cruz-Cortés
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro Da Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Todd J. Herron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianrui Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danyal S. Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justus Anumonwo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - L. Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
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Miao H, Tang X, Cui Y, Shi J, Xiong X, Wang C, Zhang Y. Obeticholic Acid Inhibit Mitochondria Dysfunction Via Regulating ERK1/2-DRP Pathway to Exert Protective Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Injury. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300576. [PMID: 38728002 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays critical regulatory roles in cardiovascular physiology/pathology. However, the role of FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) in sepsis-associated myocardial injury and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. C57BL/6J mice are treated with OCA before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The histopathology of the heart and assessment of FXR expression and mitochondria function are performed. To explore the underlying mechanisms, H9c2 cells, and primary cardiomyocytes are pre-treated with OCA before LPS treatment, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059 is used. LPS-induced myocardial injury in mice is significantly improved by OCA pretreatment. Mechanistically, OCA pretreatment decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and blocked the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in cardiomyocytes. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) increased in the case of OCA pretreatment. In addition, OCA improved mitochondria respiratory chain with increasing Complex I expression and decreasing cytochrome C (Cyt-C) diffusion. Moreover, OCA pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced mitochondria dysfunction via suppressing ERK1/2-DRP signaling pathway. FXR agonist OCA inhibits LPS-induced mitochondria dysfunction via suppressing ERK1/2-DRP signaling pathway to protect mice against LPS-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Wang H, Liu X, Zhou Q, Liu L, Jia Z, Qi Y, Xu F, Zhang Y. Current status and emerging trends of cardiac metabolism from the past 20 years: A bibliometric study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21952. [PMID: 38045208 PMCID: PMC10692779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal cardiac metabolism is a key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, there has been considerable emphasis on researching and developing drugs that regulate metabolism. This study employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively and objectively analyze the relevant literature, offering insights into the knowledge dynamics in this field. Methods The data source for this study was the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), from which the collected data were imported into bibliometric software for analysis. Results The United States was the leading contributor, accounting for 38.33 % of publications. The University of Washington and Damian J. Tyler were the most active institution and author, respectively. The American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research, Circulation Research, and American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism were highly influential journals that published numerous high-quality articles on cardiac metabolism. Common keywords in this research area included heart failure, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle, mitochondria, as well as topic words such as cardiac metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, glucose metabolism, and myocardial metabolism. Co-citation analysis has shown that research on heart failure and in vitro modeling of cardiovascular disease has gained prominence in recent years and making it a research hotspot. Conclusion Research on cardiac metabolism is steadily growing, with a specific focus on heart failure and the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiac metabolism. An emerging trend in this field involves the enhancement of maturation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) through the manipulation of cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Wang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbing Zhou
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Jia
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang JG, Shi W, Ma DD, Lu ZJ, Li SY, Long XB, Ying GG. Chronic Paternal/Maternal Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Causes Intergenerational Toxicity in Zebrafish Offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13384-13396. [PMID: 37651267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. Their negative effects on parental fish are investigated while intergenerational effects at environmentally relevant concentrations remain unclear. In this study, F0 zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM (0, 50, and 500 ng L-1) for 144 days post-fertilization (dpf) was allowed to spawn with two modes (internal mating and cross-mating), resulting in four types of F1 generations to investigate the intergenerational effects. IMI and THM affected F0 zebrafish fecundity, gonadal development, sex hormone and VTG levels, with accumulations found in F0 muscles and ovaries. In F1 generation, paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM also influenced sex hormones levels and elevated the heart rate and spontaneous movement rate. LncRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed that cell cycle and oocyte meiosis-related pathways in IMI groups and steroid biosynthesis related pathways in THM groups were significantly enriched in F1 offspring. Similar transcriptional alterations of dmrt1, insl3, cdc20, ccnb1, dnd1, ddx4, cox4i1l, and cox5b2 were observed in gonads of F0 and F1 generations. The findings indicated that prolonged paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM could severely cause intergenerational toxicity, resulting in developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects in zebrafish offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Hao W, Cha R, Wang M, Li J, Guo H, Du R, Zhou F, Jiang X. Ligand-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Mitochondrial Modulators: Regulation of Intestinal Barrier and Therapy for Constipation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13377-13392. [PMID: 37449942 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal metabolism-related diseases, such as constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer, could be associated with the dysfunction of intestinal mitochondria. The mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells are of great significance for promoting intestinal motility and maintaining intestinal metabolism. It is necessary for the prophylaxis and therapy of intestinal metabolism-related diseases to improve mitochondrial function. We investigated the effect of 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol-modified gold nanoparticles (D-Au NPs) on intestinal mitochondria and studied the regulatory role of D-Au NPs on mitochondria metabolism-related disease. D-Au NPs improved the antioxidation capability of mitochondria, regulated the mitochondrial metabolism, and maintained intestinal cellular homeostasis via the activation of AMPK and regulation of PGC-1α with its downstream signaling (UCP2 and DRP1), enhancing the intestinal mechanical barrier. D-Au NPs improved the intestinal mitochondrial function to intervene in the emergence of constipation, which could help develop drugs to treat and prevent mitochondrial metabolism-related diseases. Our findings provided an in-depth understanding of the mitochondrial effects of Au NPs for improving human intestinal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Mingzheng Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ran Du
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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Deng J, Jiang Y, Chen ZB, Rhee JW, Deng Y, Wang ZV. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Cells 2023; 12:679. [PMID: 36899814 PMCID: PMC10001005 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological and structural disruptions in cardiac arrhythmias are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are an organelle generating ATP, thereby satisfying the energy demand of the incessant electrical activity in the heart. In arrhythmias, the homeostatic supply-demand relationship is impaired, which is often accompanied by progressive mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP production and elevated reactive oxidative species generation. Furthermore, ion homeostasis, membrane excitability, and cardiac structure can be disrupted through pathological changes in gap junctions and inflammatory signaling, which results in impaired cardiac electrical homeostasis. Herein, we review the electrical and molecular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias, with a particular focus on mitochondrial dysfunction in ionic regulation and gap junction action. We provide an update on inherited and acquired mitochondrial dysfunction to explore the pathophysiology of different types of arrhythmias. In addition, we highlight the role of mitochondria in bradyarrhythmia, including sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular node dysfunction. Finally, we discuss how confounding factors, such as aging, gut microbiome, cardiac reperfusion injury, and electrical stimulation, modulate mitochondrial function and cause tachyarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yunqiu Jiang
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhao V. Wang
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Pharmacological Activation of Rev-erb α Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by PGC-1 α Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:2108584. [PMID: 36874248 PMCID: PMC9977526 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has been closely concerned in clinical practice. Rev-erbα is a transcriptional repressor that emerges as a drug target for heart diseases recently. This study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanism of Rev-erbα in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods H9c2 cells were treated with 1.5 μM doxorubicin, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with a 20 mg/kg cumulative dose of doxorubicin to construct doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity models in vitro and in vivo. Agonist SR9009 was used to activate Rev-erbα. PGC-1α expression level was downregulated by specific siRNA in H9c2 cells. Cell apoptosis, cardiomyocyte morphology, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways were measured. Results SR9009 alleviated doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis, morphological disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Meanwhile, PGC-1α and downstream signaling NRF1, TAFM, and UCP2 expression levels were preserved by SR9009 in doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. When downregulating PGC-1α expression level by specific siRNA, the protective role of SR9009 in doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes was attenuated with increased cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Conclusion Pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα by SR9009 could attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through preservation of mitochondrial function and alleviation of apoptosis and oxidative stress. The mechanism is associated with the activation of PGC-1α signaling pathways, suggesting that PGC-1α signaling is a mechanism for the protective effect of Rev-erbα against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Kutsche HS, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Uncoupling Proteins in Striated Muscle Tissue: Known Facts and Open Questions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:324-335. [PMID: 35044239 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of proteins that allow proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although UCP1, also known as thermogenin, is well known and important for heat generation in brown adipose tissue, striated muscles express two distinct members of UCP, namely UCP2 and UCP3. Unlike UCP1, the main function of UCP2 and UCP3 does not appear to be heat production. Recent Advances: Interestingly, UCP2 is the main isoform expressed in cardiac tissues, whereas UCP3 is the dominant isoform in skeletal muscles. In the past years, researchers have started to investigate the regulation of UCP2 and UCP3 expression in striated muscles. Furthermore, concepts about the proposed functions of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles are developed but are still a matter of debate. Critical Issues: Potential functions of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles include a role in protection against mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress, as transporter for pyruvate, fatty acids, and protons into and out of the mitochondria, and in metabolic sensing. In this context, the different isoform expression of UCP2 and UCP3 in the skeletal and cardiac muscle may be related to different metabolic requirements of the two organs. Future Directions: The level of expression of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles changes in different disease stages. This suggests that UCPs may become drug targets for therapy in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 324-335.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Mone P, Lombardi A, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Heart failure in diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 125:154910. [PMID: 34627874 PMCID: PMC8941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiovascular disorders represent the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Here we present a systematic review of the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also provide an excursus on the relative contribution of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetes. After having described the preclinical tools currently available to dissect the mechanisms of this complex disease, we conclude with a section on the most recent updates of the literature on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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dos Santos GRRM, Leite ACR, Lander N, Chiurillo MA, Vercesi AE, Docampo R. Trypanosoma cruzi Letm1 is involved in mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport, and is essential for replication, differentiation, and host cell invasion. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21685. [PMID: 34085343 PMCID: PMC10437107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100120rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (Letm1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in Ca2+ and K+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. Here, we demonstrate that the Letm1 orthologue of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is important for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release. The results show that both mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux are reduced in TcLetm1 knockdown (TcLetm1-KD) cells and increased in TcLetm1 overexpressing cells, without alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Remarkably, TcLetm1 knockdown or overexpression increases or does not affect mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in epimastigotes, respectively. TcLetm1-KD epimastigotes have reduced growth, and both overexpression and knockdown of TcLetm1 cause a defect in metacyclogenesis. TcLetm1-KD also affected mitochondrial bioenergetics. Invasion of host cells by TcLetm1-KD trypomastigotes and their intracellular replication is greatly impaired. Taken together, our findings indicate that TcLetm1 is important for Ca2+ homeostasis and cell viability in T cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Catarina Rezende Leite
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Noelia Lander
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Chiurillo
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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11
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695792. [PMID: 34277669 PMCID: PMC8279779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “diabetic cardiomyopathy” (DM–CMP), which may by exacerbated by left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathogenesis of DM-CMP has been a hot topic of research since its first description and is still under active investigation, as a complex interplay among multiple mechanisms may play a role at systemic, myocardial, and cellular/molecular levels. Among these, metabolic abnormalities such as lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium signaling, inflammation, epigenetic factors, and others. These disturbances predispose the diabetic heart to extracellular remodeling and hypertrophy, thus leading to left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This Review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes and the underlying mechanisms leading to myocardial remodeling and cardiac functional derangement in DM-CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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12
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Zhen C, Liu H, Gao L, Tong Y, He C. Signal transducer and transcriptional activation 1 protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21240. [PMID: 33377257 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000325rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and transcriptional activation 1 (Stat1) is a member of the STATs family, and its role in various biological responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune regulation has been extensively studied. We aimed to investigate its role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which is currently poorly understood. Experiments using H9C2 cardiomyocytes, Stat1, and IfngR cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice revealed that Stat1 had a protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Using transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, we analyzed the degree of hypertrophy using echocardiography, pathology, and at the molecular level. Mice lacking Stat1 had more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis than wild-type TAC mice. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms suggested that Stat1 downregulated the mRNA levels of hypertrophy and fibrosis markers to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy, and promotes mitochondrial fission through the Ucp2/P-Drp1 pathway, enhancing mitochondrial function, and increasing compensatory myocardial ATP production in the compensatory phase for cardiac hypertrophy inhibition. Overall, this comprehensive analysis revealed that Stat1 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating hypertrophic and fibrotic marker genes and enhancing the mitochondrial function to enhance cardiomyocyte function through the Ucp2/P-Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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McNally LA, Altamimi TR, Fulghum K, Hill BG. Considerations for using isolated cell systems to understand cardiac metabolism and biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 153:26-41. [PMID: 33359038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in myocardial metabolic activity are fundamentally linked to cardiac health and remodeling. Primary cardiomyocytes, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and transformed cardiomyocyte cell lines are common models used to understand how (patho)physiological conditions or stimuli contribute to changes in cardiac metabolism. These cell models are helpful also for defining metabolic mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Although technical advances have improved our capacity to measure cardiomyocyte metabolism, there is often heterogeneity in metabolic assay protocols and cell models, which could hinder data interpretation and discernment of the mechanisms of cardiac (patho)physiology. In this review, we discuss considerations for integrating cardiomyocyte cell models with techniques that have become relatively common in the field, such as respirometry and extracellular flux analysis. Furthermore, we provide overviews of metabolic assays that complement XF analyses and that provide information on not only catabolic pathway activity, but biosynthetic pathway activity and redox status as well. Cultivating a more widespread understanding of the advantages and limitations of metabolic measurements in cardiomyocyte cell models will continue to be essential for the development of coherent metabolic mechanisms of cardiac health and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A McNally
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tariq R Altamimi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kyle Fulghum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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14
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Haye A, Ansari MA, Rahman SO, Shamsi Y, Ahmed D, Sharma M. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase on cardio-metabolic abnormalities in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy: A molecular landscape. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173376. [PMID: 32810493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a descriptive pathology that in absence of co-morbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia initially characterized by cardiac stiffness, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling. These abnormalities further contribute to diastolic dysfunctions followed by systolic dysfunctions and eventually results in clinical heart failure (HF). The clinical outcomes associated with HF are considerably worse in patients with diabetes. The complexity of the pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy raises serious questions in developing a therapeutic strategy to manage cardio-metabolic abnormalities. Despite extensive research in the past decade the compelling approaches to manage and treat diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), a serine-threonine kinase, often referred to as cellular "metabolic master switch". During the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a plethora of evidence demonstrate the beneficial role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities including altered substrate utilization, impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired cardiac calcium handling, maladaptive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endoplasmic reticulum stress, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac apoptosis, and impaired autophagy. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies and provided a collective overview of the pathophysiological mechanism and the regulatory role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haye
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Yasmeen Shamsi
- Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Danish Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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15
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Bachkoenig OA, Rost R, Osibow K, Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Malli R, Graier WF. The contribution of uncoupling protein 2 to mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis in health and disease - A short revisit. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:164-173. [PMID: 33069910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the versatile functions attributed to uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in health and disease, a profound understanding of the protein's molecular actions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is indispensable. This review aims to revisit and shed light on the fundamental molecular functions of UCP2 in mitochondria, with particular emphasis on its intricate role in regulating mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake. UCP2's modulating effect on various vital processes in mitochondria makes it a crucial regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf A Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Osibow
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstraße 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
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16
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De Miguel C, Hamrick WC, Sedaka R, Jagarlamudi S, Asico LD, Jose PA, Cuevas S. Uncoupling Protein 2 Increases Blood Pressure in DJ -1 Knockout Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011856. [PMID: 30995881 PMCID: PMC6512091 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The redox-sensitive chaperone DJ -1 and uncoupling protein 2 are protective against mitochondrial oxidative stress. We previously reported that renal-selective depletion and germline deletion of DJ -1 increases blood pressure in mice. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress-mediated hypertension in DJ -1 -/- mice. Methods and Results There were no differences in sodium excretion, renal renin expression, renal NADPH oxidase activity, and serum creatinine levels between DJ -1 -/- and wild-type mice. Renal expression of nitro-tyrosine, malondialdehyde, and urinary kidney injury marker-1 were increased in DJ -1 -/- mice relative to wild-type littermates. mRNA expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 was also elevated in kidneys from DJ -1 -/- mice, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. Tempol-treated DJ -1 -/- mice presented higher serum nitrite/nitrate levels than vehicle-treated DJ -1 -/- mice, suggesting a role of the NO system in the high blood pressure of this model. Tempol treatment normalized renal kidney injury marker-1 and malondialdehyde expression as well as blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice, but had no effect in wild-type mice. The renal Ucp2 mRNA expression was increased in DJ -1 -/- mice versus wild-type and was also normalized by tempol. The renal-selective silencing of Ucp2 led to normalization of blood pressure and serum nitrite/nitrate ratio in DJ -1 -/- mice. Conclusions The deletion of DJ -1 leads to oxidative stress-induced hypertension associated with downregulation of NO function, and overexpression of Ucp2 in the kidney increases blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence of the role of uncoupling protein 2 in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - William C Hamrick
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Randee Sedaka
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Sudha Jagarlamudi
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Laureano D Asico
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- 3 Research Center for Genetic Medicine Children's National Health System Washington DC
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17
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Esfandiary A, Kutsche HS, Schreckenberg R, Weber M, Pak O, Kojonazarov B, Sydykov A, Hirschhäuser C, Wolf A, Haag D, Hecker M, Fink L, Seeger W, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Weißmann N, Schulz R, Rohrbach S, Li L, Sommer N, Schlüter KD. Protection against pressure overload-induced right heart failure by uncoupling protein 2 silencing. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1217-1227. [PMID: 30850841 PMCID: PMC6529920 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in cardiac adaptation to pressure overload remains unclear. In a classical model of left ventricular pressure overload genetic deletion of UCP2 (UCP2−/−) protected against cardiac hypertrophy and failure. However, in UCP2−/− mice increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells induces mild pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac output. This suggests a different role for UCP2 in RV and left ventricular adaptation to pressure overload. To clarify this situation in more detail UCP2−/− and wild-type mice were exposed to pulmonary arterial banding (PAB). Methods and results Mice were analysed (haemodynamics, morphometry, and echocardiography) 3 weeks after PAB or sham surgery. Myocytes and non-myocytes were isolated and analysed separately. Cell shortening of myocytes and fura-2 loading of cardiomyocytes were used to characterize their function. Brd assay was performed to study fibroblast proliferation. Isolated mitochondria were analysed to investigate the role of UCP2 for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. UCP2 mRNA was 2.7-fold stronger expressed in RV myocytes than in left ventricular myocytes and stronger expressed in non-myocytes compared with myocytes. Three weeks after PAB, cardiac output was reduced in wild type but preserved in UCP2−/− mice. UCP2−/− had increased RV wall thickness, but lower RV internal diameters and displayed a significant stronger fibrosis. Cardiac fibroblasts from UCP2−/− had reduced proliferation rates but higher collagen-1 expression. Myocytes isolated from mice after PAB banding showed preserved function that was further improved by UCP2−/−. Mitochondrial ROS production and respiration was similar between UCP2−/− or wild-type hearts. Conclusion Despite a mild pulmonary hypertension in UCP2−/− mice, hearts from these mice are well preserved against additional pressure overload (severe pulmonary hypertension). This—at least in part—depends on different behaviour of non-myocytes (fibroblasts).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna S Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Annemarie Wolf
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Daniela Haag
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Weißmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, ECCPS, Aulweg 130, Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Aulweg 129, Gießen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The heart consumes large amounts of energy in the form of ATP that is continuously replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, by glycolysis. To adapt the ATP supply efficiently to the constantly varying demand of cardiac myocytes, a complex network of enzymatic and signalling pathways controls the metabolic flux of substrates towards their oxidation in mitochondria. In patients with heart failure, derangements of substrate utilization and intermediate metabolism, an energetic deficit, and oxidative stress are thought to underlie contractile dysfunction and the progression of the disease. In this Review, we give an overview of the physiological processes of cardiac energy metabolism and their pathological alterations in heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Although the energetic deficit in failing hearts - discovered >2 decades ago - might account for contractile dysfunction during maximal exertion, we suggest that the alterations of intermediate substrate metabolism and oxidative stress rather than an ATP deficit per se account for maladaptive cardiac remodelling and dysfunction under resting conditions. Treatments targeting substrate utilization and/or oxidative stress in mitochondria are currently being tested in patients with heart failure and might be promising tools to improve cardiac function beyond that achieved with neuroendocrine inhibition.
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19
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Hu C, Zhang X, Wei W, Zhang N, Wu H, Ma Z, Li L, Deng W, Tang Q. Matrine attenuates oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via maintaining AMPK α/UCP2 pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:690-701. [PMID: 31384530 PMCID: PMC6664099 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Matrine is well-known for its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic capacities. Our present study aimed to investigate the effect of matrine on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and try to unearth the underlying mechanisms. Mice were exposed with DOX to generate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity or normal saline as control. H9C2 cells were used to verify the effect of matrine in vitro. DOX injection triggered increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which were significantly mitigated by matrine. Mechanistically, we found that matrine ameliorated DOX-induced uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) downregulation, and UCP2 inhibition by genipin could blunt the protective effect of matrine on DOX-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Besides, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (Ampkα2) deficiency inhibited matrine-mediated UCP2 preservation and abolished the beneficial effect of matrine in mice. Besides, we observed that matrine incubation alleviated DOX-induced H9C2 cells apoptosis and oxidative stress level via activating AMPKα/UCP2, which were blunted by either AMPKα or UCP2 inhibition with genetic or pharmacological methods. Matrine attenuated oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via maintaining AMPKα/UCP2 pathway, and it might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMPKα
- AMPKα, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase α
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Apoptosis
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X protein
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- C-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase3
- CCK-8, cell counting kit 8
- CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzymes
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- DOX, doxorubicin
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FS, fractional shortening
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HW, heart weight
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Matrine
- Oxidative stress
- PPARs, peroxisomal proliferators-activated receptors
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2
- T-caspase3, total-caspase3
- TL, tibia length
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling
- Top2, topoisomerase-II
- UCP2
- UCP2, uncoupling protein 2
- cTnT, cardiac isoform of Tropnin T
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20
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Mice overexpressing chromogranin A display hypergranulogenic adrenal glands with attenuated ATP levels contributing to the hypertensive phenotype. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1115-1128. [PMID: 29389743 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated circulating chromogranin A (CHGA) is observed in human hypertension. CHGA is critical for granulogenesis and exocytosis of catecholamine stores from secretory large dense core vesicles (LDCV). This study aims to understand the morphological, molecular and phenotypic changes because of excess CHGA and the mechanistic link eventuating in hyper-adrenergic hypertension. METHODS Blood pressure and heart rate was monitored in mouse models expressing normal and elevated level of CHGA by telemetry. Catecholamine and oxidative stress radicals were measured. Adrenal ultrastructure, LDCV content and mitochondrial abundance were compared and respiration analyzed by Seahorse assay. Effect of CHGA dosage on adrenal ATP content, electron transport chain components and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) were compared in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Mice with excess-CHGA displayed hypertensive phenotype, higher heart rate and increased sympathetic tone. They had elevated plasma catecholamine and adrenal ROS levels. Excess-CHGA caused an increase in size and abundance of LDCV and adrenal mitochondria. Nonetheless, they had attenuated levels of ATP. Isolated adrenal mitochondria from mice with elevated CHGA showed higher maximal respiration rates in the presence of protonophore, which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Elevated CHGA resulted in overexpression of UCP2 and diminished ATP. In vitro in chromaffin cells overexpressing CHGA, concomitant increase in UCP2 protein and decreased ATP was detected. CONCLUSION Elevated CHGA expression resulted in underlying bioenergetic dysfunction in ATP production despite higher mitochondrial mass. The outcome was unregulated negative feedback of LDCV exocytosis and secretion, resulting in elevated levels of circulating catecholamine and consequently the hypertensive phenotype.
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Jarmuszkiewicz W, Szewczyk A. Energy-dissipating hub in muscle mitochondria: Potassium channels and uncoupling proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Liu D, Ma Z, Di S, Yang Y, Yang J, Xu L, Reiter RJ, Qiao S, Yuan J. AMPK/PGC1α activation by melatonin attenuates acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:59-72. [PMID: 30172748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anticancer anthracycline drug, but its side effects at the level of the heart has limited its widespread clinical application. Melatonin is a documented potent antioxidant, nontoxic and cardioprotective agent, and it is involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function. The present study established acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models in both H9c2 cells incubated with 1 μM DOX and C57BL/6 mice treated with DOX (20 mg/kg cumulative dose). Melatonin markedly alleviated the DOX-induced acute cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury. Both in vivo and in vitro studies verified that melatonin inhibited DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disorders, apoptosis, and oxidative stress via the activation of AMPK and upregulation of PGC1α with its downstream signaling (NRF1, TFAM and UCP2). These effects were reversed by the use of AMPK siRNA or PGC1α siRNA in H9c2 cells, and were also negated by the cotreatment with AMPK inhibitor Compound C in vivo. Moreover, PGC1α knockdown was without effect on the AMPK phosphorylation induced by melatonin in the DOX treated H9c2 cells. Therefore, AMPK/PGC1α pathway activation may represent a new mechanism for melatonin exerted protection against acute DOX cardiotoxicity through preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shubin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Garlid KD, Jabůrek M. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: Subtle Regulators of Cellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:667-714. [PMID: 29351723 PMCID: PMC6071544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are the energetic, metabolic, redox, and information signaling centers of the cell. Substrate pressure, mitochondrial network dynamics, and cristae morphology state are integrated by the protonmotive force Δp or its potential component, ΔΨ, which are attenuated by proton backflux into the matrix, termed uncoupling. The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP1-5) play an eminent role in the regulation of each of the mentioned aspects, being involved in numerous physiological events including redox signaling. Recent Advances: UCP2 structure, including purine nucleotide and fatty acid (FA) binding sites, strongly support the FA cycling mechanism: UCP2 expels FA anions, whereas uncoupling is achieved by the membrane backflux of protonated FA. Nascent FAs, cleaved by phospholipases, are preferential. The resulting Δp dissipation decreases superoxide formation dependent on Δp. UCP-mediated antioxidant protection and its impairment are expected to play a major role in cell physiology and pathology. Moreover, UCP2-mediated aspartate, oxaloacetate, and malate antiport with phosphate is expected to alter metabolism of cancer cells. CRITICAL ISSUES A wide range of UCP antioxidant effects and participations in redox signaling have been reported; however, mechanisms of UCP activation are still debated. Switching off/on the UCP2 protonophoretic function might serve as redox signaling either by employing/releasing the extra capacity of cell antioxidant systems or by directly increasing/decreasing mitochondrial superoxide sources. Rapid UCP2 degradation, FA levels, elevation of purine nucleotides, decreased Mg2+, or increased pyruvate accumulation may initiate UCP-mediated redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Issues such as UCP2 participation in glucose sensing, neuronal (synaptic) function, and immune cell activation should be elucidated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 667-714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Keith D Garlid
- 2 UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
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Cadenas S. Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:940-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tian XY, Ma S, Tse G, Wong WT, Huang Y. Uncoupling Protein 2 in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 30116205 PMCID: PMC6082951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) belongs to the family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins. It uncouples oxygen consumption from ATP synthesis. UCP2 is ubiquitously expressed in most cell types to reduce oxidative stress. It is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. UCP2 in the cardiovascular system is being increasingly recognized as an important molecule to defend against various stress signals such as oxidative stress in the pathology of vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiac injuries. UCP2 protects against cellular dysfunction through reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and modulation of mitochondrial function. In view of the different functions of UCP2 in various cell types that contribute to whole body homeostasis, cell type-specific modification of UCP2 expression may offer a better approach to help understanding how UCP2 governs mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production and transmembrane proton leak and how dysfunction of UCP2 participates in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This review article provided an update on the physiological regulation of UCP2 in the cardiovascular system, and also discussed the involvement of UCP2 deficiency and associated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of several common cardiovascular diseases. Drugs targeting UCP2 expression and activity might serve another effective strategy to ameliorate cardiovascular dysfunction. However, more detailed mechanistic study will be needed to dissect the role of UCP2, the regulation of UCP2 expression, and the cellular responses to the changes of UCP2 expression in normal and stressed situations at different stages of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Nigro M, De Sanctis C, Formisano P, Stanzione R, Forte M, Capasso G, Gigliotti G, Rubattu S, Viggiano D. Cellular and subcellular localization of uncoupling protein 2 in the human kidney. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:437-445. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hilse KE, Rupprecht A, Egerbacher M, Bardakji S, Zimmermann L, Wulczyn AEMS, Pohl EE. The Expression of Uncoupling Protein 3 Coincides With the Fatty Acid Oxidation Type of Metabolism in Adult Murine Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 29988383 PMCID: PMC6024016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is widely acknowledged. However, contradictory reports show that the functions of UCP2/UCP3 are still disputed. We have previously described that UCP2 is highly abundant in cells that rely on glycolysis, such as stem, cancer and activated immune cells. In contrast, high amounts of UCP3 are present in brown adipose tissue, followed by heart and skeletal muscles - all known to metabolize fatty acids (FA) to a high extent. Using two different models - mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation to cardiomyocytes (CM) and murine heart at different developmental stages - we now tested the concept that the expression ratio between UCP2 and UCP3 indicates the metabolism type in CM. Our results revealed the tight correlation between UCP3 abundance, expression of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) markers and presence of multiple connections between mitochondria and lipid droplets. We further demonstrated that the time course of UCP3 expression neither coincided with the onset of the electrical activity in CM, derived from mESC, nor with the expression of respiratory chain proteins, the observation which rendered protein participation in ROS regulation unlikely. The present data imply that UCP3 may facilitate FAO by transporting FAs into mitochondria. In contrast, UCP2 was highly abundant at early stages of heart development and in mESC. Understanding, that the expression patterns of UCP3 and UCP2 in heart during development reflect the type of the cell metabolism is key to the uncovering their different functions. Their expression ratio may be an important diagnostic criterion for the degree of CM differentiation and/or severity of a heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Hilse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Bardakji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea E M Seiler Wulczyn
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang YN, Gao L, Wu SY, Qin S. Low-Dose 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (HNE) Reperfusion Therapy Displays Cardioprotective Effects in Mice After Myocardial Infarction That Are Abrogated by Genipin. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3702-3709. [PMID: 29858912 PMCID: PMC6014150 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Revascularization is a successful therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction. However, restoring coronary blood flow can lead to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Low-dose 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) therapy appears to play a key role in myocardial tolerance to I/R injury. We hypothesized that the positive effects of HNE on myocardial I/R injury may be UCP3-dependent. Material/Methods Adult male wild-type (WT) or UCP3 knockout (UCP3−/−) mice were pre-treated with the UCP inhibitor genipin or saline 1 h before ischemia and underwent 30-min coronary artery ligation followed by 24-h reperfusion. Mice were treated with intravenous HNE (4 mg/kg) or saline 5 min before reperfusion. Echocardiography was conducted to measure left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWd), end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and fractional shortening (FS). Infarct size was measured by TTC staining. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the expression of UCP3, UCP2, and the apoptosis markers cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3. Results HNE improved survival at 24 h post-MI in wild-type mice (p<0.05) but not in UCP3−/− mice. HNE preserved LVEDD and FS in WT mice (p<0.05) but not in UCP3−/− mice. HNE reduced infarct size in WT mice (p<0.05) but not in UCP3−/− mice. HNE upregulated UCP3 expression (p<0.05) but did not affect UCP2 expression. HNE reduced apoptosis marker expression in WT mice (p<0.05) but not in UCP3−/− mice. HNE’s positive effects were abrogated by genipin in an UCP3-dependent manner. Conclusions Low-dose HNE reperfusion therapy attenuates murine myocardial I/R injury in an UCP3-dependent manner. These effects are abrogated by genipin in an UCP3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Lizano P, Rashed E, Stoll S, Zhou N, Wen H, Hays TT, Qin G, Xie LH, Depre C, Qiu H. The valosin-containing protein is a novel mediator of mitochondrial respiration and cell survival in the heart in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46324. [PMID: 28425440 PMCID: PMC5397870 DOI: 10.1038/srep46324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The valosin-containing protein (VCP) participates in signaling pathways essential for cell homeostasis in multiple tissues, however, its function in the heart in vivo remains unknown. Here we offer the first description of the expression, function and mechanism of action of VCP in the mammalian heart in vivo in both normal and stress conditions. By using a transgenic (TG) mouse with cardiac-specific overexpression (3.5-fold) of VCP, we demonstrate that VCP is a new and powerful mediator of cardiac protection against cell death in vivo, as evidenced by a 50% reduction of infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion versus wild type. We also identify a novel role of VCP in preserving mitochondrial respiration and in preventing the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in cardiac myocytes under stress. In particular, by genetic deletion of inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from VCP TG mouse and by pharmacological inhibition of iNOS in isolated cardiac myocytes, we reveal that an increase of expression and activity of iNOS in cardiomyocytes by VCP is an essential mechanistic link of VCP-mediated preservation of mitochondrial function. These data together demonstrate that VCP may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for the prevention of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lizano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Eman Rashed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Ning Zhou
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Hairuo Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tristan T Hays
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB),Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Christophe Depre
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
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García-Canales A, Peña-Juárez RA, Sandoval-Franco LDM. [Vasopressors and inotropes: use in paediatrics]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2017; 88:39-50. [PMID: 28336302 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a dynamic system, which is required to ensure adequate delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the tissues that are necessary for cell metabolism. It also synthesises and modifies the vasoactive components that regulate vascular tone and myocardial function. These vasoactive components have demonstrated their beneficial effects in the management of paediatric patients in a critical condition with heart failure and shock. However, their use and abuse brings harmful effects, increases mortality, and is associated with arrhythmias. An increase in myocardial oxygen consumption favours the presence of ischaemia, therefore it is necessary to know the mechanism of action and indications of these drugs to minimise their harmful effects. The purpose of this review is to describe the pharmacology and clinical applications of inotropic and vasopressor agents in the paediatric patient in acritical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Canales
- Departamento de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías, ISSSTE, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
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Akhmedov AT, Rybin V, Marín-García J. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling proteins in the failing heart. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 20:227-49. [PMID: 25192828 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cardiovascular medicine, myocardial ischemia and infarction, progressing eventually to the final end point heart failure (HF), remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. HF is a complex syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment in ventricular filling or blood ejection. Ultimately, the heart's inability to supply the body's tissues with enough blood may lead to death. Mechanistically, the hallmarks of the failing heart include abnormal energy metabolism, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defects in excitation-contraction coupling. HF is a highly dynamic pathological process, and observed alterations in cardiac metabolism and function depend on the disease progression. In the early stages, cardiac remodeling characterized by normal or slightly increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation plays a compensatory, cardioprotective role. However, upon progression of HF, FA oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative activity are decreased, resulting in a significant drop in cardiac ATP levels. In HF, as a compensatory response to decreased oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake and glycolysis are upregulated, but this upregulation is not sufficient to compensate for a drop in ATP production. Elevated mitochondrial ROS generation and ROS-mediated damage, when they overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce heart injury and contribute to the progression of HF. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which promote proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, have emerged as essential regulators of mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory activity and ROS generation. Although the physiological role of UCP2 and UCP3, expressed in the heart, has not been clearly established, increasing evidence suggests that these proteins by promoting mild uncoupling could reduce mitochondrial ROS generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorate thereby myocardial function. Further investigation on the alterations in cardiac UCP activity and regulation will advance our understanding of their physiological roles in the healthy and diseased heart and also may facilitate the development of novel and more efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Akhmedov
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA
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Overnutrition during lactation leads to impairment in insulin signaling, up-regulation of GLUT1 and increased mitochondrial carbohydrate oxidation in heart of weaned mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 29:124-32. [PMID: 26608021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that overnutrition during early postnatal period can increase the long-term risk of developing obesity and cardiac disorders, yet the short-term effects of postnatal overfeeding in cardiac metabolism remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the cardiac metabolism of weaned mice submitted to overnutrition during lactation, particularly as to mitochondrial function, substrate preference and insulin signaling. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by litter size reduction in mice at postnatal day 3. At 21 days of age (weaning), mice in the overfed group (OG) presented biometric and biochemical parameters of obesity, including increased body weight, visceral fat, liver weight and increased left ventricle weight/tibia length ratio; indicating cardiac hypertrophy, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased liver glycogen content compared to control group. In the heart, we detected impaired insulin signaling, mainly due to decreased IRβ, pTyr-IRS1, PI3K, GLUT4 and pAkt/Akt and increased PTP1B, GLUT1 and pAMPKα/AMPKα content. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were increased, accompanied by enhanced carbohydrate oxidation, as observed by high-resolution respirometry. Moreover, OG hearts had lower CPT1, PPARα and increased UCP2 mRNA expression, associated with increased oxidative stress (4-HNE content), BAX/BCL2 ratio and cardiac fibrosis. Ultrastructural analysis of OG hearts demonstrated mild mitochondrial damage without alterations in OXPHOS complexes. In conclusion, overnutrition during early life induces short-term metabolic disturbances, impairment in heart insulin signaling, up-regulates GLUT-1 and switch cardiac fuel preference in juvenile mice.
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Rashed E, Lizano P, Dai H, Thomas A, Suzuki CK, Depre C, Qiu H. Heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) regulates oxidative phosphorylation upon its mitochondrial translocation with the inducible nitric oxide synthase in mammalian heart. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119537. [PMID: 25746286 PMCID: PMC4352051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stress-inducible heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) confers protection against ischemia through induction of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Hsp22 overexpression in vivo stimulates cardiac mitochondrial respiration, whereas Hsp22 deletion in vivo significantly reduces respiration. We hypothesized that Hsp22-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function is dependent upon its mitochondrial translocation together with iNOS. Methods and Results Adenoviruses harboring either the full coding sequence of Hsp22 (Ad-WT-Hsp22) or a mutant lacking a N-terminal 20 amino acid putative mitochondrial localization sequence (Ad-N20-Hsp22) were generated, and infected in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Compared to β-Gal control, WT-Hsp22 accumulated in mitochondria by 2.5 fold (P<0.05) and increased oxygen consumption rates by 2-fold (P<0.01). This latter effect was abolished upon addition of the selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W. Ad-WT-Hsp22 significantly increased global iNOS expression by about 2.5-fold (P<0.01), and also increased iNOS mitochondrial localization by 4.5 fold vs β-gal (P<0.05). Upon comparable overexpression, the N20-Hsp22 mutant did not show significant mitochondrial translocation or stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, although N20-Hsp22 did increase global iNOS expression by 4.6-fold, it did not promote iNOS mitochondrial translocation. Conclusion Translocation of both Hsp22 and iNOS to the mitochondria is necessary for Hsp22-mediated stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Rashed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Huacheng Dai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carolyn K. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Christophe Depre
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen SF, Rao LY, Wei TZ, Xu MG, Dong ZL. Expression patterns of sarcomeric α-actin, α-actinin and UCP2 in the myocardium of Kunming mice after exposure to c-terminal polypeptide of cardiotrophin-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:796-800. [PMID: 25480572 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) activates a distinct form of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy in which the sarcomeric units are assembled in series. The aim of the study was to determine the expression pattern of sarcomeric contractile protein α-actin, specialized cytoskeletal protein α-actinin and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in myocardial remodeling induced by chronic exposure to CT-1. Kunming mice were intraperitoneally injected with carboxy-terminal polypeptide (CP) of CT-1 (CT-1-CP, 500 μg·kg(-1)· day(-1)) for 1, 2, 3 and 4 week (s), respectively (4 groups obtained according to the injection time, n=10 each, with 5 males and 5 females in each group). Those injected with physiological saline for 4 weeks served as controls (n=10, with 5 males and 5 females). The heart tissues of mice were harvested at 1, 2, 3 or 4 week (s). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were used to detect the distribution and expression of sarcomeric α-actin, α-actinin and mitochondrial UCP2 in myocardial tissues. IHC showed that α-actin was mainly distributed around the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, α-actinin concentrated around the striae and UCP2 scattered rather evenly in the plasma. The expression of α-actin was slightly greater than that of α-actinin and UCP2 in the control group (IHC: χ(2)=6.125; WB: F=0.249, P>0.05) and it gradually decreased after exposure to CT-1-CP. There was no significant difference in the expression of α-actin between the control group and the CT-1-CP-treated groups (χ (2)=7.386, P>0.05). But Western blotting revealed significant difference in the expression of α-actin between the control group and the 4-week CT-1-CP-treated group (F=2.912; q=4.203, P<0.05). Moreover, it was found that the expression of α-actinin increased stepwise with the exposure time in CT-1-CP-treated groups and differed significantly between CT-1-CP-treated groups and the control group (ICH: χ (2)=21.977; WB: F=50.388; P<0.01). The expression of UCP2 was initially increased (WB: control group vs. 1- or 2-week group, q values: 5.603 and 9.995, respectively, P<0.01) and then decreased (WB: control group vs. 3-week group, q=4.742, P<0.01; control group vs. 4-week group, q=0.558, P>0.05). It was suggested that long-term exposure to CT-1-CP could lead to the alteration in the expression of sarcomeric α-actin, α-actinin and mitochondrial UCP2. The different expressions of sarcomeric structure proteins and mitochondrial UCP2 may be involved in myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chen
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Li-Ya Rao
- Department of Cardiology Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao-Zhi Wei
- Department of Cardiology Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min-Guang Xu
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhan-Ling Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571101, China
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Holley CT, Duffy CM, Butterick TA, Long EK, Lindsey ME, Cabrera JA, Ward HB, McFalls EO, Kelly RF. Expression of uncoupling protein-2 remains increased within hibernating myocardium despite successful coronary artery bypass grafting at 4 wk post-revascularization. J Surg Res 2014; 193:15-21. [PMID: 25199570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) is increased in a swine model of hibernating myocardium (HM). Although UCP-2 reduces oxidant stress, it can promote inefficiency of the electron transport chain. In this study, we tested whether UCP-2 remains increased in revascularized HM (RHM) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS Seven swine underwent thoracotomy with placement of a constrictor on the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Twelve weeks later, a left internal mammary artery graft was placed on the distal LAD. Four weeks post-CABG, computed tomography angiography documented patent grafts and function. At the terminal study, blood flow to the LAD and remote territories were assessed during high dose dobutamine and mitochondria isolated from both regions for analysis. Comparisons were made to a group of swine with HM who underwent constrictor placement without bypass grafting (n = 4). RESULTS During dobutamine infusion, RHM demonstrated lower blood flows (2.44 ± 0.23 versus 3.43 ± 0.30 mL/min/g; P < 0.05) and reduced wall thickening (33 ± 9% versus 52 ± 13%; P < 0.05) compared with remote regions. RHM had lower respiratory control indices (3.7 ± 0.3 versus 4.3 ± 0.4; P < 0.05) with persistently increased UCP-2 content. CONCLUSIONS Despite patent grafts, RHM demonstrates a submaximal response to dobutamine infusion and increased mitochondrial UCP-2 expression. These data support the notion that recovery of the mitochondria in RHM is delayed early post-CABG and may contribute to impaired oxygen consumption and contractile reserve during catecholamine challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cayla M Duffy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Geriatric Research and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VAHCS), Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Geriatric Research and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VAHCS), Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eric K Long
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Megan E Lindsey
- College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jesús A Cabrera
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Herbert B Ward
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Minneapolis VAHCS, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Rosemary F Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
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Drp1 Loss-of-function Reduces Cardiomyocyte Oxygen Dependence Protecting the Heart From Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:477-87. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and elimination. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:26-33. [PMID: 24657720 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, and one important source for ROS are mitochondria. Emission of ROS from mitochondria is the net result of ROS production at the electron transport chain (ETC) and their elimination by antioxidative enzymes. Both of these processes are highly dependent on the mitochondrial redox state, which is dynamically altered under different physiological and pathological conditions. The concept of "redox-optimized ROS balance" integrates these aspects and implies that oxidative stress occurs when the optimal equilibrium of an intermediate redox state is disturbed towards either strong oxidation or reduction. Furthermore, mitochondria integrate ROS signals from other cellular sources, presumably through a process termed "ROS-induced ROS release" that involves mitochondrial ion channels. Here, we attempt to integrate these recent advances in our understanding of the control of mitochondrial ROS emission and develop a concept of how in heart failure, defects in ion handling can lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Inhibition of high glucose-induced apoptosis by uncoupling protein 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1275-81. [PMID: 24584700 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that an overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an initiating cause in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. However, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can protect retinal vascular endothelial cells from damage by inhibiting the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS, although the protective mechanism involved is not completely clear. This study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of UCP2 on the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were cultured in normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/l) or high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/l) medium in the presence or absence of UCP2(+/+) lentiviral transfection. Lentivirus-mediated UCP2 overexpression inhibited the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by HG. Treatment with HG resulted in the upregulation of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and the downregulation of Bcl-2 in vitro. Furthermore, compared with the NG group, the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased in the HG group. On day two post-infection, NG cells showed significantly greater HUVEC cell proliferation than HG cells. Notably, UCP2 overexpression inhibited these processes. Taken together, these results suggest that UCP2 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits HG-induced apoptosis in HUVECs via the Bcl-2 up‑ and downregulation of caspase-3 and cytochrome c in vitro. This may provide experimental evidence for the application of UCP2 as a new protective factor for diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Tharabenjasin P, Douard V, Patel C, Krishnamra N, Johnson RJ, Zuo J, Ferraris RP. Acute interactions between intestinal sugar and calcium transport in vitro. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G1-12. [PMID: 24177030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption by Americans has increased markedly, whereas Ca(2+) intake has decreased below recommended levels. Because fructose metabolism decreases enterocyte ATP concentrations, we tested the hypothesis that luminal fructose acutely reduces active, diet-inducible Ca(2+) transport in the small intestine. We confirmed that the decrease in ATP concentrations was indeed greater in fructose- compared with glucose-incubated mucosal homogenates from wild-type and was prevented in fructose-incubated homogenates from ketohexokinase (KHK)(-/-) mice. We then induced active Ca(2+) transport by chronically feeding wild-type, fructose transporter glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5)(-/-), as well as KHK(-/-) mice a low Ca(2+) diet and measured transepithelial Ca(2+) transport in everted duodenal sacs incubated in solutions containing glucose, fructose, or their nonmetabolizable analogs. The diet-induced increase in active Ca(2+) transport was proportional to dramatic increases in expression of the Ca(2+)-selective channel transient receptor potential vanilloid family calcium channel 6 as well as of the Ca(2+)-binding protein 9k (CaBP9k) but not that of the voltage-dependent L-type channel Ca(v)1.3. Crypt-villus distribution of CaBP9k seems heterogeneous, but low Ca(2+) diets induce expression in more cells. In contrast, KHK distribution is homogeneous, suggesting that fructose metabolism can occur in all enterocytes. Diet-induced Ca(2+) transport was not enhanced by addition of the enterocyte fuel glutamine and was always greater in sacs of wild-type, GLUT5(-/-), and KHK(-/-) mice incubated with fructose or nonmetabolizable sugars than those incubated with glucose. Thus duodenal Ca(2+) transport is not affected by fructose and enterocyte ATP concentrations but instead may decrease with glucose metabolism, as Ca(2+) transport remains high with 3-O-methylglucose that is also transported by sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 but cannot be metabolized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Physiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School (NJMS 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103.
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Teshima Y, Takahashi N, Nishio S, Saito S, Kondo H, Fukui A, Aoki K, Yufu K, Nakagawa M, Saikawa T. Production of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic heart. Roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Circ J 2013; 78:300-6. [PMID: 24334638 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main facilitators of cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), and the ROS level is increased in cultured cells exposed to high glucose concentrations or in diabetic animal models. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase are dominant mechanisms of ROS production in the diabetic heart. Hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane potentials and impaired mitochondrial function promote ROS production in the mitochondria of the diabetic heart. Uncoupling proteins are upregulated and may reduce the ROS level by depolarizing the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. NADPH oxidase is another major site of ROS production and its contribution to DM-induced ROS increase has been elucidated not only in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, but also in cardiomyocytes. Protein kinase C, angiotensin II, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs can activate NADPH oxidase. Increased intracellular calcium level mediated via the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger and subsequent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II may also activate NADPH oxidase. This review presents the current understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production, focusing especially on the roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
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Pak O, Sommer N, Hoeres T, Bakr A, Waisbrod S, Sydykov A, Haag D, Esfandiary A, Kojonazarov B, Veit F, Fuchs B, Weisel FC, Hecker M, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Weissmann N. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein deficiency as disease model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:358-67. [PMID: 23590303 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial respiration are possible triggers of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated the role of MMP in PH and hypothesized that deletion of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) increases MMP, thus promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. MMP was measured by JC-1 in isolated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of patients with PH and animals with PH induced by exposure to monocrotaline (MCT) or chronic hypoxia. PH was quantified in vivo in UCP2-deficient (UCP2(-/-)) mice by hemodynamics, morphometry, and echocardiography. ROS were measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and proliferation by thymidine incorporation. Mitochondrial respiration was investigated by high-resolution respirometry. MMP was increased in PASMCs of patients and in animal models of PH. UCP2(-/-) mice exhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling and mild PH compared with wild-type (WT) mice. PASMCs of UCP2(-/-) mice showed increased proliferation, MMP, and ROS release. Increased proliferation of UCP2(-/-) PASMCs could be attenuated by ROS inhibitors and inhibited by carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, which decreased MMP to the level of WT mice. Mitochondrial respiration was altered in PASMCs from MCT rats and PASMCs exposed to hypoxia but not in isolated pulmonary mitochondria of UCP2(-/-) mice or PASMCs after treatment with small interfering RNA for UCP2. Our data suggest that increased MMP causes vascular remodeling in UCP2(-/-) mice partially via increased ROS. In chronic hypoxia and MCT-induced PH, additional pathomechanisms such as decreased respiration may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Patel N, Barrientos A, Landgraf R. The growth factor receptor ERBB2 regulates mitochondrial activity on a signaling time scale. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35253-65. [PMID: 24142693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase and the mitochondrial inner membrane protein UCP2 occurs frequently in aggressive cancers with dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpressed ERBB2 signals constitutively and elevated UCP2 can uncouple mitochondria and alleviate oxidative stress. However, the physiological contributions of UCP2 and ERBB2 at the low expression levels that are typical of most tissues, as well as the path to oncogenic deregulation, are poorly understood. We now show that ERBB2 directly controls UCP2 levels, both at low physiological levels and oncogenic overexpression. At low levels of receptor and UCP2, ligand stimulation creates a distinct temporal response pattern driven by the opposing forces of translational suppression of the exceptionally short lived UCP2 protein and a time delayed transcriptional up-regulation. The latter becomes dominant through constitutive signaling by overexpressed ERBB2, resulting in high levels of UCP2 that contribute mitochondrial uncoupling. By contrast, ligand stimulation of non-overexpressed ERBB2 transiently removes UCP2 and paradoxically reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, and OXPHOS on a signaling time scale. However, neither the transporter activity nor down-regulation of already low UCP2 levels drive this reduction in mitochondrial activity. Instead, UCP2 is required to establish mitochondria that are capable of responding to ligand. UCP2 knockdown impairs proliferation at high glucose but its absence specifically impairs ligand-induced growth when glucose levels fluctuate. These findings demonstrate the ability of growth factor signaling to control oxidative phosphorylation on a signaling time scale and point toward a non-transporter role for low levels of UCP2 in establishing dynamic response capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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43
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Myocardial energetics in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:358. [PMID: 23740216 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has become common sense that the failing heart is an "engine out of fuel". However, undisputable evidence that, indeed, the failing heart is limited by insufficient ATP supply is currently lacking. Over the last couple of years, an increasingly complex picture of mechanisms evolved that suggests that potentially metabolic intermediates and redox state could play the more dominant roles for signaling that eventually results in left ventricular remodeling and contractile dysfunction. In the pathophysiology of heart failure, mitochondria emerge in the crossfire of defective excitation-contraction coupling and increased energetic demand, which may provoke oxidative stress as an important upstream mediator of cardiac remodeling and cell death. Thus, future therapies may be guided towards restoring defective ion homeostasis and mitochondrial redox shifts rather than aiming solely at improving the generation of ATP.
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44
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.279091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Rupprecht A, Bräuer AU, Smorodchenko A, Goyn J, Hilse KE, Shabalina IG, Infante-Duarte C, Pohl EE. Quantification of uncoupling protein 2 reveals its main expression in immune cells and selective up-regulation during T-cell proliferation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41406. [PMID: 22870219 PMCID: PMC3411681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. Although the protein was discovered in 1997, its function and even its tissue distribution are still under debate. Here we present a quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein expression in various mice tissues, revealing that UCP2 is mainly expressed in organs and cells associated with the immune system. Although the UCP2 gene is present in the brain, as demonstrated using quantitative RT-PCR, the protein was not detectable in neurons under physiological conditions. Instead, we could detect UCP2 in microglia, which act in the immune defense of the central nervous system. In lymphocytes, activation led to a ten-fold increase of UCP2 protein expression simultaneously to the increase in levels of other mitochondrial proteins, whereas lymphocyte re-stimulation resulted in the selective increase of UCP2. The highest detected level of UCP2 expression in stimulated T-cells (0.54 ng/(µg total cellular protein)) was approximately 200 times lower than the level of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue from room temperature acclimated mice. Both the UCP2 expression pattern and the time course of up-regulation in stimulated T-cells imply UCP2’s involvement in the immune response, probably by controlling the metabolism during cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja U. Bräuer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justus Goyn
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina E. Hilse
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena E. Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Bangash MN, Kong ML, Pearse RM. Use of inotropes and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2015-33. [PMID: 21740415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inotropes and vasopressors are biologically and clinically important compounds that originate from different pharmacological groups and act at some of the most fundamental receptor and signal transduction systems in the body. More than 20 such agents are in common clinical use, yet few reviews of their pharmacology exist outside of physiology and pharmacology textbooks. Despite widespread use in critically ill patients, understanding of the clinical effects of these drugs in pathological states is poor. The purpose of this article is to describe the pharmacology and clinical applications of inotropic and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor N Bangash
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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47
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Gaspers LD, Mémin E, Thomas AP. Calcium-dependent physiologic and pathologic stimulus-metabolic response coupling in hepatocytes. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:93-102. [PMID: 22564906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A recurrent paradigm in calcium signaling is the coordination of the target response of the calcium signal with activation of metabolic energy production to support that response. This occurs in many tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle where contractile activity and ATP production are coordinately regulated by the frequency and amplitude of calcium transients, endocrine and exocrine cells that use calcium to drive the secretory process, and hepatocytes where the downstream targets of calcium include both catabolic and anabolic processes. The primary mechanism by which calcium enhances the capacity for energy production is through calcium-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, achieved by increasing NADH production and respiratory chain flux. Although this enhances energy supply, it also has the potential for deleterious consequences resulting from increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The negative consequences of calcium-dependent mitochondrial activation can be ameliorated when the underlying cytosolic calcium signals occur as brief calcium spikes or oscillations, with signal strength encoded through the spike frequency (frequency modulation). Frequency modulation increases signal fidelity, and reduces pathological effects of calcium, including excess mitochondrial ROS production and apoptotic or necrotic outcomes. The present article reviews these issues using data obtained in hepatocytes under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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48
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Cabrera JA, Ziemba EA, Colbert R, Kelly RF, Kuskowski M, Arriaga EA, Sluiter W, Duncker DJ, Ward HB, McFalls EO. Uncoupling protein-2 expression and effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidant stress in heart tissue. Transl Res 2012; 159:383-90. [PMID: 22500511 PMCID: PMC3328031 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 is increased with chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) stimulation, but the effect on membrane potential and superoxide is unclear. Wild-type (WT) and UCP-2 knockout (KO) mice were given a 3-week diet of control (C) or the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO; 50 μg/g-chow per day). In isolated mitochondria, UCP-2 content by Western blots, membrane potential (ΔΨm) by tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP), and relative superoxide levels by dihydroethidium (DHE) were measured. Oxygen respiration was determined at baseline and after 10 min anoxia-reoxygenation. PIO induced a 2-fold increase in UCP-2 and nuclear-bound PGC1α in WT mice with no UCP-2 expression in KO mice. Mitochondrial ΔΨm from WT mice on C and PIO diets was -166±4 mV and -147±6 mV, respectively (P<0.05). These values were lower than in UCP-2 KO mice on C and PIO (-180±4 mV and -180±4 mV, respectively; P<0.05). Maximal complex III inhibitable superoxide from WT mice on C and PIO diets was 22.5±1.3 and 17.8±1.1 AU, respectively (P<0.05), and were lower than UCP-2 KO on C and PIO (32.9±2.3 and 29.2±1.9 AU, respectively; P<0.05). Postanoxia, the respiratory control index (RCI) in mitochondria from WT mice with and without PIO was 2.5±0.3 and 2.4±0.2, respectively, and exceeded that of UCP-2 KO mice on C and PIO (1.2±0.1 and 1.4±0.1, respectively; P<0.05). In summary, chronic PPARγ stimulation leads to depolarization of the inner membrane and reduced superoxide of isolated heart mitochondria, which was critically dependent on increased expression of UCP-2. Thus, UCP-2 expression affords resistance to brief anoxia-reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Cabrera
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiac Surgery Sections, VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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Johnson JD, Bround MJ, White SA, Luciani DS. Nanospaces between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as control centres of pancreatic β-cell metabolism and survival. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249 Suppl 1:S49-S58. [PMID: 22105567 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanometre-scale spaces between organelles represent focused nodes for signal transduction and the control of cellular decisions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria form dynamic quasi-synaptic interaction nanodomains in all cell types examined, but the functional role of these junctions in cellular metabolism and cell survival remains to be fully understood. In this paper, we review recent evidence that ER Ca(2+) channels, such as the RyR and IP(3)R, can signal specifically across this nanodomain to the adjacent mitochondria to pace basal metabolism, with focus on the pancreatic β-cell. Blocking these signals in the basal state leads to a form of programmed cell death associated with reduced ATP and the induction of calpain-10 and hypoxia-inducible factors. On the other hand, the hyperactivity of this signalling domain plays a deleterious role during classical forms of apoptosis. Thus, the nanospace between ER and mitochondria represents a critical rheostat controlling both metabolism and programmed cell death. Many aspects of the mechanisms underlying this control system remain to be uncovered, and new nanotechnologies are required understand these domains at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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50
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Zhang Y, Yuan M, Bradley KM, Dong F, Anversa P, Ren J. Insulin-like growth factor 1 alleviates high-fat diet-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction: role of insulin signaling and mitochondrial function. Hypertension 2012; 59:680-93. [PMID: 22275536 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.181867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with reduced plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cardiac dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of IGF-1 on high-fat diet-induced oxidative, myocardial, geometric, and mitochondrial responses. FVB and cardiomyocyte-specific IGF-1 overexpression transgenic mice were fed a low- (10%) or high-fat (45%) diet to induce obesity. High-fat diet feeding led to glucose intolerance, elevated plasma levels of leptin, interleukin 6, insulin, and triglyceride, as well as reduced circulating IGF-1 levels. Echocardiography revealed reduced fractional shortening, increased end-systolic and end-diastolic diameter, increased wall thickness, and cardiac hypertrophy in high-fat-fed FVB mice. High-fat diet promoted reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, protein and mitochondrial damage, reduced ATP content, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) dysregulation (including depressed peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening), prolonged duration of relengthening, and dampened intracellular Ca(2+) rise and clearance. Western blot analysis revealed disrupted phosphorylation of insulin receptor and postreceptor signaling molecules insulin receptor substrate 1 (tyrosine/serine phosphorylation), Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, forkhead transcriptional factors, and mammalian target of rapamycin, as well as downregulated expression of mitochondrial proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α and uncoupling protein 2. Intriguingly, IGF-1 mitigated high-fat-diet feeding-induced alterations in reactive oxygen species, protein and mitochondrial damage, ATP content, apoptosis, myocardial contraction, intracellular Ca(2+) handling, and insulin signaling but not whole body glucose intolerance and cardiac hypertrophy. Exogenous IGF-1 treatment also alleviated high-fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction. Our data revealed that IGF-1 alleviates high-fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction despite persistent cardiac remodeling, possibly because of preserved cell survival, mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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