1
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Paqui MSS, Glitz VA, Durigon DC, Amorim AL, Caramori GF, Parreira RLT, Bortoluzzi AJ, Xavier FR, Peralta RA. Spectroscopical and Molecular Studies of Four Manganese(I) PhotoCORMs with Bioinspired Ligands Containing Non-Coordinated Phenol Groups. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083439. [PMID: 37110673 PMCID: PMC10144837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are widely explored in medicinal inorganic chemistry and have drawn attention due to their signaling functions in homeostasis. Carbon-monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) were developed with the purpose of keeping the CO inactive until its release in the intracellular environment, considering its biological relevance. However, for therapeutic applications, the mechanisms of photorelease and which electronic and structural variations influence its rates must be fully understood. In this work, four ligands containing a pyridine, a secondary amine, and a phenolic group with different substituents were used to prepare new Mn(I) carbonyl compounds. Structural and physicochemical characterization of these complexes was carried out and confirmed the proposed structures. X-ray diffractometry structures obtained for the four organometallic compounds revealed that the substituents in the phenolic ring promote only negligible distortions in their geometry. Furthermore, UV-Vis and IR kinetics showed the direct dependence of the electron-withdrawing or donating ability of the substituent group, indicating an influence of the phenol ring on the CO release mechanism. These differences in properties were also supported by theoretical studies at the DFT, TD-DFT, and bonding situation analyses (EDA-NOCV). Two methods were used to determine the CO release constants (kCO,old and kCO,new), where Mn-HbpaBr (1) had the greatest kCO by both methods (Kco,old = 2.36 × 10-3 s-1 and kCO,new = 2.37 × 10-3 s-1). Carbon monoxide release was also evaluated using the myoglobin assay, indicating the release of 1.248 to 1.827 carbon monoxides upon light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S S Paqui
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Vinícius A Glitz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Durigon
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - André L Amorim
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F Caramori
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Renato L T Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca 14404-600, SP, Brazil
| | - Adailton J Bortoluzzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Xavier
- Departamento de Quimica CCT, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Campus Joinville, Joinville 89219-710, SC, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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2
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Choi HI, Zeb A, Kim MS, Rana I, Khan N, Qureshi OS, Lim CW, Park JS, Gao Z, Maeng HJ, Kim JK. Controlled therapeutic delivery of CO from carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs). J Control Release 2022; 350:652-667. [PMID: 36063960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been regarded as a "silent killer" for its toxicity toward biological systems. However, a low concentration of endogenously produced CO has shown a number of therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-apoptosis, and cytoprotective activities. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) have been developed as alternatives to direct CO inhalation, which requires a specialized setting for strict dose control. CORMs are efficient CO donors, with central transition metals (such as ruthenium, iron, cobalt, and manganese) surrounded by CO as a ligand. CORMs can stably store and subsequently release their CO payload in the presence of certain triggers including solvent, light, temperature, and ligand substitution. However, CORMs require appropriate delivery strategies to improve short CO release half-life and target specificity. Herein, we highlighted the therapeutic potential of inhalation and CORMs-delivered CO. The applications of conjugate and nanocarrier systems for controlling CO release and improving therapeutic efficacy of CORMs are also described in detail. The review concludes with some of the hurdles that limit clinical translation of CORMs. Keeping in mind the tremendous potential and growing interest in CORMs, this review would be helpful for designing controlled CO release systems for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Ik Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Alam Zeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Isra Rana
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Namrah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Salman Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Chang-Wan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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4
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Šranková M, Dvořák A, Martínek M, Šebej P, Klán P, Vítek L, Muchová L. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities of Fluorescein-A Diagnostic Angiography Dye. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1504. [PMID: 35163426 PMCID: PMC8836159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein is a fluorescent dye used as a diagnostic tool in various fields of medicine. Although fluorescein itself possesses low toxicity, after photoactivation, it releases potentially toxic molecules, such as singlet oxygen (1O2) and, as we demonstrate in this work, also carbon monoxide (CO). As both of these molecules can affect physiological processes, the main aim of this study was to explore the potential biological impacts of fluorescein photochemistry. In our in vitro study in a human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line, we explored the possible effects on cell viability, cellular energy metabolism, and the cell cycle. We observed markedly lowered cell viability (≈30%, 75-2400 μM) upon irradiation of intracellular fluorescein and proved that this decrease in viability was dependent on the cellular oxygen concentration. We also detected a significantly decreased concentration of Krebs cycle metabolites (lactate and citrate < 30%; 2-hydroxyglutarate and 2-oxoglutarate < 10%) as well as cell cycle arrest (decrease in the G2 phase of 18%). These observations suggest that this photochemical reaction could have important biological consequences and may account for some adverse reactions observed in fluorescein-treated patients. Additionally, the biological activities of both 1O2 and CO might have considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Šranková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (A.D.)
| | - Marek Martínek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (P.Š.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Šebej
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (P.Š.); (P.K.)
| | - Petr Klán
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (P.Š.); (P.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (A.D.)
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Praha, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (A.D.)
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5
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Martínez-Casales M, Hernanz R, Alonso MJ. Vascular and Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 in Hypertension: A Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:643435. [PMID: 33716792 PMCID: PMC7952647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.643435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one predictive factor for stroke and heart ischemic disease. Nowadays, it is considered an inflammatory disease with elevated cytokine levels, oxidative stress, and infiltration of immune cells in several organs including heart, kidney, and vessels, which contribute to the hypertension-associated cardiovascular damage. Macrophages, the most abundant immune cells in tissues, have a high degree of plasticity that is manifested by polarization in different phenotypes, with the most well-known being M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). In hypertension, M1 phenotype predominates, producing inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, and mediating many mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The increase in the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic activity contributes to the macrophage mobilization and to its polarization to the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II detoxification enzyme responsible for heme catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress, among others. HO-1 has been shown to protect against oxidative and inflammatory insults in hypertension, reducing end organ damage and blood pressure, not only by its expression at the vascular level, but also by shifting macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype. The regulatory role of heme availability for the synthesis of enzymes involved in hypertension development, such as cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthase, seems to be responsible for many of the beneficial HO-1 effects; additionally, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects of the end products of its reaction, carbon monoxide, biliverdin/bilirubin, and Fe2+, would also contribute. In this review, we analyze the role of HO-1 in hypertensive pathology, focusing on its expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Casales
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Carazo Á, León J. Heme Oxygenase-1 in Gastrointestinal Tract Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121214. [PMID: 33276470 PMCID: PMC7760122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme oxidative degradation, generating carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, and biliverdin. HO-1, a stress inducible enzyme, is considered as an anti-oxidative and cytoprotective agent. As many studies suggest, HO-1 is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract where it is involved in the response to inflammatory processes, which may lead to several diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of HO-1 and its downstream effectors in the development of disorders and their beneficial effects on the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract health. We also examine clinical trials involving the therapeutic targets derived from HO-1 system for the most common diseases of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D. Puentes-Pardo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.P.-P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +34-958-023-706 (J.L.)
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Genomic Research Service, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Josefa León
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.P.-P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +34-958-023-706 (J.L.)
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7
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Yan Y, Wang L, Chen S, Zhao G, Fu C, Xu B, Tan X, Xiang Y, Chen G. Carbon Monoxide Inhibits T Cell Proliferation by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:429-446. [PMID: 31810391 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Carbon monoxide (CO) confers antiproliferative effects on T cells; however, how these effects are produced remains unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently emerged as important modulators of T cell proliferation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the inhibitory effects of CO on T cell proliferation are dependent on the inhibition of ROS signaling. Results: Pretreatment with CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) had potent inhibitory effects on mouse T cell proliferation stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Interestingly, CORM-2 pretreatment markedly suppressed intracellular ROS generation as well as the activity of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial complexes I-IV in T cells after stimulation. The inhibitory effects of CORM-2 on both ROS production and T cell proliferation were comparable with those produced by the use of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or a combined administration of mitochondrial complex I-IV inhibitors. Moreover, increasing intracellular ROS via hydrogen peroxide supplementation largely reversed the inhibitory effect of CORM-2 on the proliferation of T cells. The inhibitory effects of CORM-2 on both cell proliferation and intracellular ROS production were also shown in a T cell proliferation model involving stimulation by allogeneic dendritic cells or phorbol 12-myristate 13-actetate/ionomycin, as well as in spontaneous cell proliferation models in EL-4 and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, CORM-2 treatment significantly inhibited T cell activation in vivo and attenuated concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Innovation: CO inhibits T cell proliferation via suppression of intracellular ROS production. Conclusion: The study could supply a general mechanism to explain the inhibitory effects of CO on T cell activation and proliferation, favoring its future application in T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyang Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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8
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Casanova N, Zhou T, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Rosas IO, Goldberg HJ, Ryter SW, Collard HR, El-Chemaly S, Flaherty KR, Hunninghake GM, Lasky JA, Lederer DJ, Machado RF, Martinez FJ, Noth I, Raghu G, Choi AMK, Garcia JGN. Low Dose Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Produces a CO Signature Comprised of Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14802. [PMID: 31615996 PMCID: PMC6794274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling preclinical studies indicate that low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) abrogates experimental lung fibrosis. We recently reported the results of a multicenter, double-blinded, clinical trial of inhaled CO in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Identifying no significantly changes in metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) serum concentration, or secondary endpoints of physiologic measurements, hospitalization, death, or patient-reported outcomes. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of low dose CO exposure (100–200 ppm) for 12 weeks on genome-wide gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from these IPF study subjects. We conducted transcriptome profiling on 38 IPF subjects with time points available at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Total RNA isolated from PBMCs was hybridized onto the Affymetrix Human Gene 2.0 ST Array. We identified 621 genes significantly upregulated in the 24-week CO exposed group compared with the 12-week. Pathway analysis demonstrated association with Oxidative Phosphorylation (adjusted P < 0.05). We identified a clear CO signature dominated with 23 oxidative phosphorylation-related genes (FDR <10%). We confirmed the expression of nine selected gene products using Nanostring’s nCounter analysis system. These findings suggest this signature may serve as a potential genomic biomarker for CO exposure and for potential titration of dosage to allow precision testing of therapies in future low dose CO therapeutic studies in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary J Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harold R Collard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin R Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David J Lederer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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9
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Chen J, Jiang X, Shi C, Liu R, Lu R, Zhang L. Association between gaseous pollutants and emergency ambulance dispatches for asthma in Chengdu, China: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:20. [PMID: 30885130 PMCID: PMC6421698 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The association between concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) for asthma was explored in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China for the first time. Methods EADs for asthma were collected from the Chengdu First-Aid Command Center. Pollutant concentrations were collected from 24 municipal environmental monitoring centers and including SO2, NO2, CO, daily 8-h mean concentrations of O3 (O3-8 h), and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). The climatic data were collected from the Chengdu Municipal Meteorological Bureau. All data were collected from years spanning 2013–2017. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the data. Results After controlling for temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, IQR increases in SO2 (13 μg/m3), NO2 (17 μg/m3), and CO (498 μg/m3) were associated with 18.8%, 11.5%, and 3.1% increases in EADs for asthma, respectively. The associations were strongest for EADs and SO2, NO2, and CO levels with 3-, 5-, and 1-day lags, respectively. Conclusions This study provides additional data to the limited body of literature for potential health risks arising from ambient gaseous pollutants. The results of the study suggest that increased concentrations of SO2, NO2, and CO were positively associated with emergency ambulance dispatches for asthma in Chengdu, China. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of individual air pollutants on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xianyan Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunli Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruicong Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6, Zhongxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kim HH, Choi S. Therapeutic Aspects of Carbon Monoxide in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082381. [PMID: 30104479 PMCID: PMC6121498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is being increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic with important signaling functions in various diseases. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) show anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects on the tissues of organisms, thus contributing to tissue homeostasis. An increase in reactive oxygen species production from the mitochondria after exposure to CO is also considered one of the underlying mechanisms of cardioprotection, although mitochondrial inhibition is the main toxic mechanism of CO poisoning. This review highlights the mechanism of the biological effects of CO and its potential application as a therapeutic in clinical settings, including in cardiovascular diseases. This review also discusses the obstacles and limitations of using exogenous CO or CORMs as a therapeutic option, with respect to acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sangchun Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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11
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Kim DS, Song L, Wang J, Wu H, Gou W, Cui W, Kim JS, Wang H. Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Islet Apoptosis via Induction of Autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1309-1322. [PMID: 28826228 PMCID: PMC5905947 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Carbon monoxide (CO) functions as a therapeutic molecule in various disease models because of its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. We investigated the capacity of CO to reduce hypoxia-induced islet cell death and dysfunction in human and mouse models. RESULTS Culturing islets in CO-saturated medium protected them from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and preserved β cell function by suppressing expression of proapoptotic (Bim, PARP, Cas-3), proinflammatory (TNF-α), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (glucose-regulated protein 94, grp94, CHOP) proteins. The prosurvival effects of CO on islets were attenuated when autophagy was blocked by specific inhibitors or when either ATG7 or ATG16L1, two essential factors for autophagy, was downregulated by siRNA. In vivo, CO exposure reduced both inflammation and cell death in grafts immediately after transplantation, and enhanced long-term graft survival of CO-treated human and mouse islet grafts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) or C57BL/6 recipients. INNOVATION These findings underline that pretreatment with CO protects islets from hypoxia and stress-induced cell death via upregulation of ATG16L1-mediated autophagy. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that CO exposure may provide an effective means to enhance survival of grafts in clinical islet cell transplantation, and may be beneficial in other diseases in which inflammation and cell death pose impediments to achieving optimal therapeutic effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1309-1322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Sung Kim
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lili Song
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongju Wu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wenyu Gou
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wanxing Cui
- 3 Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington DC
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hongjun Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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12
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Wang R, Chen Z, Wu J, Xia F, Sun Q, Sun A, Liu L. Preconditioning with carbon monoxide inhalation promotes retinal ganglion cell survival against optic nerve crush via inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1297-1304. [PMID: 29115631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neurodegeneration, in addition to central nervous trauma, initiates impairments to neurons resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been observed to elicit neuroprotection in various experimental models. The present study investigated the potential retinal neuroprotection of preconditioning with CO inhalation in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were preconditioned with inhaled CO (250 ppm) or air for 1 h prior to ONC. Animals were euthanized at 1 or 2 weeks following surgery. RGC densities were quantified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and FluoroGold labeling. Visual function was measured via flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 activity in the retinas, were assessed at 2 weeks post‑ONC. The RGC density of CO + crush rats was significantly increased compared with that of the corresponding crush‑only rats at 2 weeks (survival rate, 66.2 vs. 48.2% as demonstrated by H&E staining, P<0.01; and 67.6 vs. 37.6% as demonstrated by FluoroGold labeling, P<0.05). FVEP measures indicated a significantly better‑preserved latency and amplitude of the P1 wave in the CO + crush rats compared with the crush‑only rats. The TUNEL assays demonstrated fewer apoptotic cells in the CO + crush group compared with the crush‑only group, accompanied by the suppression of caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 activity. The results of the present study suggested that inhaled CO preconditioning may be neuroprotective against ONC insult via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zeli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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13
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Ryter SW, Ma KC, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C211-C227. [PMID: 29118026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas that has gained recognition as a biological signal transduction effector with properties similar, but not identical, to that of nitric oxide (NO). CO, which binds primarily to heme iron, may activate the hemoprotein guanylate cyclase, although with lower potency than NO. Furthermore, CO can modulate the activities of several cellular signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, NF-κB, and others. Emerging studies suggest that mitochondria, the energy-generating organelle of cells, represent a key target of CO action in eukaryotes. Dose-dependent modulation of mitochondrial function by CO can result in alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, release of proapoptotic and proinflammatory mediators, as well as the inhibition of respiration at high concentration. CO, through modulation of signaling pathways, can impact key biological processes including autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cellular proliferation, inflammation, and innate immune responses. Inhaled CO is widely known as an inhalation hazard due to its rapid complexation with hemoglobin, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues and hypoxemia. Despite systemic and cellular toxicity at high concentrations, CO has demonstrated cyto- and tissue-protective effects at low concentration in animal models of organ injury and disease. These include models of acute lung injury (e.g., hyperoxia, hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, mechanical ventilation, bleomycin) and sepsis. The success of CO as a candidate therapeutic in preclinical models suggests potential clinical application in inflammatory and proliferative disorders, which is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Kevin C Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
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14
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Washington KS, Bashur CA. Delivery of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents for Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:659. [PMID: 29033836 PMCID: PMC5627016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with severe coronary and peripheral artery disease represents a significant clinical need, especially for those patients that require a bypass graft and do not have viable veins for autologous grafting. Tissue engineering is being investigated to generate an alternative graft. While tissue engineering requires surgical intervention, the release of pharmacological agents is also an important part of many tissue engineering strategies. Delivery of these agents offers the potential to overcome the major concerns for graft patency and viability. These concerns are related to an extended inflammatory response and its impact on vascular cells such as endothelial cells. This review discusses the drugs that have been released from vascular tissue engineering scaffolds and some of the non-traditional ways that the drugs are presented to the cells. The impact of antioxidant compounds and gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, are discussed in detail. The application of tissue engineering and drug delivery principles to biodegradable stents is also briefly discussed. Overall, there are scaffold-based drug delivery techniques that have shown promise for vascular tissue engineering, but much of this work is in the early stages and there are still opportunities to incorporate additional drugs to modulate the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris A. Bashur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, MelbourneFL, United States
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15
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Lee DW, Shin HY, Jeong JH, Han J, Ryu S, Nakahira K, Moon JS. Carbon monoxide regulates glycolysis-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:957-963. [PMID: 28942141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low dose of carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory role through various signaling pathways. Cellular metabolism has been implicated in the activation of inflammation in immune cells. However, the mechanisms by which CO-dependent metabolic regulation affect the immune response remain unclear. Here we show that CO-dependent metabolic pathway regulates the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat-containing receptor (NLR), pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. CO-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) resulted in reduced glycolysis-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. The reduced mTORC1 activation by CORM-3 resulted in less glycolysis during NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CORM-3 suppressed caspase-1 activation and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP. Moreover, CORM-3 inhibits the oligomerization of the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), which is required for NLRP3-dependent caspase-1 activation. Furthermore, CORM-3-treated mice showed substantial reduction in IL-1β production by hyperglycemia in a mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Our results suggest that CO regulates glycolysis-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation and may provide a therapeutic approach for inflammation in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Won Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Motterlini R, Foresti R. Biological signaling by carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C302-C313. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition metals in a specific redox state, and these characteristics restrict the interaction of CO with defined biological targets that transduce its signaling activity. Because of the high affinity of CO for ferrous heme, these targets can be grouped into heme-containing proteins, representing a large variety of sensors and enzymes with a series of diverse function in the cell and the organism. Despite this notion, progress in identifying which of these targets are selective for CO has been slow and even the significance of elevated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin, a classical marker used to diagnose CO poisoning, is not well understood. This is also due to the lack of technologies capable of assessing in a comprehensive fashion the distribution and local levels of CO between the blood circulation, the tissue, and the mitochondria, one of the cellular compartments where CO exerts its signaling or detrimental effects. Nevertheless, the use of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules as pharmacological approaches in models of disease has provided new important information about the signaling properties of CO. In this review we will analyze the most salient effects of CO in biology and discuss how the binding of CO with key ferrous hemoproteins serves as a posttranslational modification that regulates important processes as diverse as aerobic metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
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17
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Li J, Gao W, Gao J, Li H, Zhang X, Qin X, Li Z. Metabolomics reveal the protective effect of Farfarae Flos against asthma using an OVA-induced rat model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1H NMR based metabolomics approach combined with biochemical assay and histopathological inspection has been employed to study the protective effect of PEFF against asthma on a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Head & Neck Surgery
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jining Gao
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
- Taiyuan 030000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
- Taiyuan 030000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Center for Regulatory Environmental Analytical Metabolomics
- University of Louisville
- USA
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
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18
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van der Vlies AJ, Inubushi R, Uyama H, Hasegawa U. Polymeric Framboidal Nanoparticles Loaded with a Carbon Monoxide Donor via Phenylboronic Acid-Catechol Complexation. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1500-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André J. van der Vlies
- Frontier
Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and §Frontier Research Base for Young Researchers,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Inubushi
- Frontier
Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and §Frontier Research Base for Young Researchers,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Frontier
Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and §Frontier Research Base for Young Researchers,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Urara Hasegawa
- Frontier
Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and §Frontier Research Base for Young Researchers,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Pleiotropic effect of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole leading to suppression of lung inflammation and fibrosis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:249. [PMID: 26231702 PMCID: PMC4522053 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial outcome associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been reported in retrospective studies. To date, no prospective study has been conducted to confirm these outcomes. In addition, the potential mechanism by which PPIs improve measures of lung function and/or transplant-free survival in IPF has not been elucidated. Methods Here, we used biochemical, cell biological and preclinical studies to evaluate regulation of markers associated with inflammation and fibrosis. In our in vitro studies, we exposed primary lung fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells to ionizing radiation or bleomycin; stimuli typically used to induce inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, we cultured lung fibroblasts from IPF patients and studied the effect of esomeprazole on collagen release. Our preclinical study tested efficacy of esomeprazole in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Furthermore, we performed retrospective analysis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) databases to examine the effect of PPIs on transplant-free survival. Results The cell culture studies revealed that esomeprazole controls inflammation by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6). The antioxidant effect is associated with strong induction of the stress-inducible cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and the antifibrotic effect is associated with potent inhibition of fibroblast proliferation as well as downregulation of profibrotic proteins including receptors for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Furthermore, esomeprazole showed robust effect in mitigating the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in a murine model of acute lung injury. Finally, retrospective analysis of two ILD databases was performed to assess the effect of PPIs on transplant-free survival in IPF patients. Intriguingly, this data demonstrated that IPF patients on PPIs had prolonged survival over controls (median survival of 3.4 vs 2 years). Conclusions Overall, these data indicate the possibility that PPIs may have protective function in IPF by directly modulating the disease process and suggest that they may have other clinical utility in the treatment of extra-intestinal diseases characterized by inflammatory and/or fibrotic phases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0614-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Fredenburgh LE, Merz AA, Cheng S. Haeme oxygenase signalling pathway: implications for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1512-8. [PMID: 25827602 PMCID: PMC4475572 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence now points to the haeme oxygenase (HO) pathway as a possible actor in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, the HO pathway may represent a key endogenous modulator of oxidative, inflammatory, and cytotoxic stress while also exhibiting vasoregulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the accumulating experimental and emerging clinical data indicating how activity of the HO pathway and its products may play a role in mechanisms underlying the development of CVD. We also identify gaps in the literature to date and suggest future directions for investigation. Because HO pathway activity can be influenced not only by genetic traits and environmental stimuli but also by a variety of existing pharmacologic interventions, the pathway could serve as a prime target for reducing the overall burden of CVD. Further work is needed to determine the role of HO pathway products as possible prognostic markers of risk for clinical CVD events and the extent to which therapeutic augmentation or inhibition of HO pathway activity could serve to modify CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison A Merz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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21
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Pal S, Mukherjee M, Sen B, Mandal SK, Lohar S, Chattopadhyay P, Dhara K. A new fluorogenic probe for the selective detection of carbon monoxide in aqueous medium based on Pd(0) mediated reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4410-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A coumarin-based fluorogenic probe, PCO-1, detects carbon monoxide selectively in buffer at pH 8.0 through the intramolecular cyclization–elimination pathway based on Pd(0) mediated reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan 713104
- India
| | | | - Buddhadeb Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan 713104
- India
| | - Sushil Kumar Mandal
- Department of Ecological Engineering & Environmental Management
- University of Kalyani
- Nadia 741235
- India
| | - Somenath Lohar
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan 713104
- India
| | | | - Koushik Dhara
- Department of Chemistry
- Sambhu Nath College
- Birbhum 731303
- India
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22
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Lin JS, Lin HH, Li YC, King YC, Sung RJ, Kuo YW, Lin CC, Shen YH, Jeng ST. Carbon monoxide regulates the expression of the wound-inducible gene ipomoelin through antioxidation and MAPK phosphorylation in sweet potato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5279-90. [PMID: 25063862 PMCID: PMC4157712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the haem oxygenase (HO) products, plays important roles in plant development and stress adaptation. However, the function of CO involved in wounding responses is seldom studied. A wound-inducible gene, ipomoelin (IPO), of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainung 57) was used as a target to study the regulation of CO in wounding responses. After wounding for 1h, the endogenous CO content and IbHO expression level were significantly reduced in leaves. IPO expression upon wounding was prohibited by the HO activator hemin, whereas the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX elevated IPO expression. The IPO expression induced by wounding, H2O2, or methyl jasmonate was inhibited by CO. CO also affected the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase, and largely decreased H2O2 content in leaves. CO inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation induced by wounding. IbMAPK, the ERK of sweet potato, was identified by immunoblotting, and the interaction with its upstream activator, IbMEK1, was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Conclusively, wounding in leaves repressed IbHO expression and CO production, induced H2O2 generation and ERK phosphorylation, and then stimulated IPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Shane Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Jin Sung
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Shen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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23
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine despite advances in therapeutic modalities. ALI can be associated with sepsis, trauma, pharmaceutical or xenobiotic exposures, high oxygen therapy (hyperoxia), and mechanical ventilation. Of the small gas molecules (NO, CO, H₂S) that arise in human beings from endogenous enzymatic activities, the physiological significance of NO is well established, whereas that of CO or H₂S remains controversial. Recent studies have explored the potential efficacy of inhalation therapies using these small gas molecules in animal models of ALI. NO has vasoregulatory and redox-active properties and can function as a selective pulmonary vasodilator. Inhaled NO (iNO) has shown promise as a therapy in animal models of ALI including endotoxin challenge, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and lung transplantation. CO, another diatomic gas, can exert cellular tissue protection through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. CO has shown therapeutic potential in animal models of endotoxin challenge, oxidative lung injury, I/R injury, pulmonary fibrosis, ventilator-induced lung injury, and lung transplantation. H₂S, a third potential therapeutic gas, can induce hypometabolic states in mice and can confer both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in rodent models of ALI and sepsis. Clinical studies have shown variable results for the efficacy of iNO in lung transplantation and failure for this therapy to improve mortality in ARDS patients. No clinical studies have been conducted with H₂S. The clinical efficacy of CO remains unclear and awaits further controlled clinical studies in transplantation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hanafy KA, Oh J, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide and the brain: time to rethink the dogma. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2771-5. [PMID: 23092321 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319150013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO's protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Transplant Institute, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Rafii R, Juarez MM, Albertson TE, Chan AL. A review of current and novel therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:48-73. [PMID: 23372951 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively fibrotic interstitial lung disease that is associated with a median survival of 2-3 years from initial diagnosis. To date, there is no treatment approved for IPF in the United States, and only one pharmacological agent has been approved outside of the United States. Nevertheless, research over the past 10 years has provided us with a wealth of information on its histopathology, diagnostic work-up, and a greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Specifically, IPF is no longer thought to be a predominantly pro-inflammatory disorder. Rather, the fibrosis in IPF is increasingly understood to be the result of a fibroproliferative and aberrant wound healing cascade. The development of therapeutic targets has shifted in accord with this paradigm change. This review highlights the current understanding of IPF, and the recent as well as novel therapeutics being explored in clinical trials for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsara Rafii
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine and VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
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Gullotta F, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Carbon monoxide: an unusual drug. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:378-86. [PMID: 22431507 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) displays many physiological roles in several organs and tissues. Although many diseases, including cancer, hematological diseases, hypertension, heart failure, inflammation, sepsis, neurodegeneration, and sleep disorders, have been linked to abnormal endogenous CO metabolism and functions, CO administration has therapeutic potential in inflammation, sepsis, lung injury, cardiovascular diseases, transplantation, and cancer. Here, insights into the CO-based therapy, characterized by the induction or gene transfer of heme oxygenase-1 and either gas or CO-releasing molecule administration, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gullotta
- Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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Pretreatment with CO-releasing molecules suppresses hepcidin expression during inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibition of the STAT3 and CREBH pathways. Blood 2012; 119:2523-32. [PMID: 22262759 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-366690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulating peptide hormone hepcidin maintains systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin production increases during inflammation and as a result of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Elevated hepcidin levels decrease dietary iron absorption and promote iron sequestration in reticuloendothelial macrophages. Furthermore, increased plasma hepcidin levels cause hypoferremia and the anemia associated with chronic diseases. The signal transduction pathways that regulate hepcidin during inflammation and ER stress include the IL-6-dependent STAT-3 pathway and the unfolded protein response-associated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-H (CREBH) pathway, respectively. We show that carbon monoxide (CO) suppresses hepcidin expression elicited by IL-6- and ER-stress agents by inhibiting STAT-3 phosphorylation and CREBH maturation, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CO on IL-6-inducible hepcidin expression is dependent on the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) protein. Induction of ER stress in mice resulted in increased hepatic and serum hepcidin. CO administration inhibited ER-stress-induced hepcidin expression in vivo. Furthermore, ER stress caused iron accumulation in splenic macrophages, which could be prevented by CO. Our findings suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic applications for CO, as well as therapeutic targets for the amelioration of anemia in the hypoferremic condition associated with chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
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Lakkisto P, Siren JM, Kytö V, Forsten H, Laine M, Pulkki K, Tikkanen I. Heme oxygenase-1 induction protects the heart and modulates cellular and extracellular remodelling after myocardial infarction in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1437-48. [PMID: 22087023 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme, which regulates cell proliferation and has potential antifibrogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pre-emptive HO-1 induction by cobalt protoporphyrin IX on the healing of myocardial infarction in rats. The proliferation and repair of cardiac cells was assessed by immunostaining of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling. Compared with control hearts, HO-1 induction reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation and repair of cardiomyocytes in the infarct border area during the first few days after infarction. Concomitantly, HO-1 decreased accumulation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and down-regulated procollagen type I expression in the infarct area. Furthermore, HO-1 increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect of HO-1 in the early phase of infarct healing may result partly from the suppression of the inflammatory response. In the remote myocardium, HO-1 inhibited both proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, attenuated heart failure-induced increase in the repair of cardiomyocytes and decreased perivascular fibrosis, thereby potentially alleviating adverse ventricular remodelling. The cardioprotective effects of HO-1 in the late phase of infarct healing may be mediated partly by down-regulation of the profibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as HO-1 decreased CTGF expression at week 4. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role for HO-1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the postinfarction heart. Modulation of the HO-1 pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach to enhance the recovery of myocardial infarction and protect against pathological myocardial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Ozaki KS, Kimura S, Murase N. Use of carbon monoxide in minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 26:125-39. [PMID: 22000659 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon monoxide (CO) is known to be toxic because of its ability to interfere with oxygen delivery at high concentrations, mammalian cells endogenously generate CO primarily via the catalysis of heme by heme oxygenases. Recent findings have indicated that heme oxygenases and generation of CO serve as a key mechanism to maintain the integrity of the physiological function of organs and supported the development of a new paradigm that CO, at low concentrations, functions as a signaling molecule in the body and exerts significant cytoprotection. Consequently, exogenously delivered CO has been shown to mediate potent protection in various injury models through its anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, and antiapoptotic functions. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with organ transplantation is one of the major deleterious factors limiting the success of transplantation. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a complex cascade of interconnected events involving cell damage, apoptosis, vigorous inflammatory responses, microcirculation disturbance, and thrombogenesis. Carbon monoxide has a great potential in minimizing I/R injury. This review will provide an overview of the basic physiology of CO, preclinical studies examining efficacy of CO in I/R injury models, and possible protective mechanisms. Carbon monoxide could be developed to be a valuable therapeutic molecule in minimizing I/R injury in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi S Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Schallner N, Schwemmers S, Schwer CI, Froehlich C, Stoll P, Humar M, Pahl HL, Hoetzel A, Loop T, Goebel U. p38β-regulated induction of the heat shock response by carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection in lung cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:58-66. [PMID: 21925493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The carbon monoxide releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (CORM-2) displays protective actions like carbon monoxide. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains controversial. We hypothesized that CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection via induction of heat shock proteins through activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase. Embryonic bovine lung cells were incubated with CORM-2. Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine and analyzed by flow cytometry following annexin-V staining, caspase-3 activity assay, and by Western Blot for caspase-3 cleavage. Heat shock response was assessed by DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 1 and by reporter gene activity. Cells were transfected with siRNA targeting p38 isoforms. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc Holm-Sidak test. CORM-2 inhibited staurosporine-induced apoptosis (% annexin-V positive cells: staurosporine = 60 ± 4% vs. CORM-2 10 μM = 48 ± 4%, CORM-2 25 μM=42 ± 5%, CORM-2 50 μM = 40 ± 4% and CORM-2 100 μM = 38 ± 2%, mean ± S.D., P<0.001; caspase-3 activity: staurosporine=92 ± 15 RFUs vs. CORM-2 50 μM=60 ± 14 RFUs, mean ± S.D. P<0.001). CORM-2 induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not of JNK and ERK1/2. CORM-2 induced DNA-binding of heat shock factor 1 and elicited a 4-fold induction of gene activity (P<0.05). Incubation with the Hsp inhibitors KNK437 attenuated and 17-AAG abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.001). p38 inhibition and silencing of p38β attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.05), most likely by abolishing CORM-2-induced HSF-1 binding activity. These findings suggest that CORM-2-mediated cytoprotection is caused by induction of the heat shock response and by p38 activation. Furthermore, the p38β isoform activation may represent an upstream mechanism of heat shock response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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Pae HO, Kim EC, Chung HT. Integrative survival response evoked by heme oxygenase-1 and heme metabolites. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 42:197-203. [PMID: 18545641 PMCID: PMC2386522 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by its reductase, and iron is recycled for heme synthesis. The inducible HO isoform, HO-1, is involved in the protection of multiple tissues and organs. The mechanism of protective actions of HO-1 has not been completely elucidated, but recent evidence suggests that one or more of heme metabolites can mediate the protective effects of HO-1. Particularly, CO mimics the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antiproliferative actions of HO-1. Many of these effects of CO depend on the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The transcription factors, including nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and their upstream kinases, including MAPK pathway, play an important regulatory role in HO-1 expression by dietary antioxidants and drugs. This review attempts to concisely summarize the molecular and biochemical characteristics of HO-1, with a discussion on the mechanisms of signal transduction and gene regulation that mediate the induction of HO-1 by dietary antioxidants and drugs. In addition, the cytoprotective roles of HO-1 shall be discussed from the perspective of each of the metabolic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ock Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:137-67. [PMID: 20624029 PMCID: PMC2988629 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010. [PMID: 20624029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.31532988629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Ronda AC, Buitrago C, Boland R. Role of estrogen receptors, PKC and Src in ERK2 and p38 MAPK signaling triggered by 17β-estradiol in skeletal muscle cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:287-94. [PMID: 20478382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells that 10(-8)M 17β-estradiol promotes MAPKs stimulation which in turn mediates the activation of CREB and Elk-1 transcription factors. In this work, we demonstrated that the hormone induces ERK2 phosphorylation (without affecting ERK1 activation) and also stimulates p38 MAPK, both in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, estrogen receptors involvement in MAPKs activation by the estrogen was studied. The use of ICI182780 (1 μM), an antagonist of ERs, and specific siRNAs to block ERα and ERβ expression, demonstrated that ERα mediates ERK2 activation but not p38 MAPK phosphorylation by 17β-estradiol, and that ERβ isoform is not implicated in MAPKs activation by the hormone. Furthermore, Src and PKC contribution in estrogen stimulation of the MAPKs was investigated. Compounds PP2 and Ro318220, Src and PKC family inhibitors, respectively abrogated ERK2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation by 17β-estradiol. Of interest, the hormone was able to induce Src and PKCδ activation. In addition, Ro318220 decreased estrogen-dependent Src modulation implicating PKC in hormone upregulation of Src. Accordingly, PP2 and Ro318220 suppressed CREB and Elk-1 phosphorylation as well as c-Fos and c-Jun oncoprotein levels induced by 17β-estradiol. Altogether, these data indicate that 17β-estradiol activates ERK2 through ERα and p38 MAPK in an ERα/β-independent manner and that PKC and Src proteins are key upstream components on MAPKs activation in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Ronda
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica & Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Lee MY, Seo CS, Ha H, Jung D, Lee H, Lee NH, Lee JA, Kim JH, Lee YK, Son JK, Shin HK. Protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica against OVA-induced murine asthma model via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:61-69. [PMID: 20420895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Traditionally, the stem and root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Ulmaceae) are Korean herbal medicines used for anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica ethanolic extract (UD) in a murine asthma model. Furthermore, we determined whether heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is required for the protective activity of UD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice exposed to OVA challenge developed eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion and increased cytokine levels. UD was applied 1h prior to OVA challenge. Mice were administered UD orally at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg once daily on days 18-23. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 48 h after the final OVA challenge. Levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Lung tissue sections 4 microm in thickness were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of cell infiltration and mucus production with PAS (periodic acid shift reagent) staining, in conjunction with ELISA, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses for HO-1 protein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Orally administered UD significantly inhibited the number of OVA-induced inflammatory cells and IgE production, along with reduced T-helper (Th)2 cytokine levels, such as IL-4 and IL-5, in BALF and lung tissue. In addition, UD induced a marked decrease in OVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in lung tissue. These effects were correlated with HO-1 mRNA and protein induction. Our results indicate that UD protects against OVA-induced airway inflammation, at least in part, via HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine EBM Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Exporo 483, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide promote neovascularization after myocardial infarction by modulating the expression of HIF-1α, SDF-1α and VEGF-B. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 635:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim YS, Pi SH, Lee YM, Lee SI, Kim EC. The anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 in lipopolysaccharide and cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2010; 80:2045-55. [PMID: 19961388 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in anti-inflammation, the mechanisms of its activity in regulating periodontal inflammation are largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. METHODS PDL cells were treated with LPS plus a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in serum-free media for 1 day. The production of NO was evaluated using a Griess reagent kit. The expression of iNOS and HO-1 proteins and mRNAs was evaluated using Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Proinflammatory cytokines and LPS triggered iNOS and HO-1 expression and NO production in PDL cells. HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated the LPS- and cytokine-stimulated NO release and iNOS and HO-1 expression. Specific inhibitors of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and protein kinase C delta (PKC-delta) greatly reduced the levels of iNOS and HO-1 expression induced by LPS plus cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggested that HO-1 inhibition blocked LPS- and proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated iNOS expression and NO production in PDL cells via a mechanism that involves p38, ERK, PI3K, NF-kappaB, and PKC-delta. Thus, the regulation of HO-1 activity may be a therapeutic strategy for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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CO Liberated From a Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:168-75. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181ca4bbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wegiel B, Gallo DJ, Raman KG, Karlsson JM, Ozanich B, Chin BY, Tzeng E, Ahmad S, Ahmed A, Baty CJ, Otterbein LE. Nitric oxide-dependent bone marrow progenitor mobilization by carbon monoxide enhances endothelial repair after vascular injury. Circulation 2010; 121:537-48. [PMID: 20083679 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.887695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a vascular homeostatic molecule that prevents balloon angioplasty-induced stenosis via antiproliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. The effects of CO on reendothelialization have not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Exposure to CO has diametrically opposite effects on endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in rodent models of carotid injury. In contrast to its effect of blocking vascular smooth muscle cell growth, CO administered as a gas or as a CO-releasing molecule enhances proliferation and motility of ECs in vitro by >50% versus air controls, and in vivo, it accelerates reendothelialization of the denuded artery by day 4 after injury versus day 6 in air-treated animals. CO enhanced EC proliferation via rapid activation of RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A), followed by downstream phosphorylation of Akt, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase phosphorylation, and a 60% increase in NO generation by ECs. CO drives cell cycle progression through phosphorylation of retinoblastoma, which is dependent in part on endothelial NO synthase-generated NO. Similarly, endothelial repair in vivo requires NO-dependent mobilization of bone marrow-derived EC progenitors, and CO yielded a 4-fold increase in the number of mobilized green fluorescent protein-Tie2-positive endothelial progenitor cells versus controls, with a corresponding accelerated deposition of differentiated green fluorescent protein-Tie2-positive ECs at the site of injury. CO was ineffective in augmenting EC repair and the ensuing development of intimal hyperplasia in eNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present data demonstrate that CO accelerates EC proliferation and vessel repair in a manner dependent on NO generation and enhanced recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wegiel
- Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Schwer CI, Mutschler M, Stoll P, Goebel U, Humar M, Hoetzel A, Schmidt R. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 inhibits pancreatic stellate cell proliferation by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:660-9. [PMID: 20053955 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.059519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a cardinal role during fibrosis development. Therefore, the suppression of PSC growth represents a therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis. It has been shown that up-regulation of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could exert antiproliferative effects on PSCs, but no information is available on the possible role of carbon monoxide (CO), a catalytic byproduct of the HO metabolism, in this process. In the present study, we have examined the effect of CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) liberated CO on PSC proliferation and have elucidated the mechanisms involved. Using primary rat PSCs, we found that CORM-2 inhibited PSC proliferation at nontoxic concentrations by arresting cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. This effect was associated with activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, induction of HO-1 protein, and up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1). The p38 MAPK inhibitor 4-(4-flurophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole (SB203580) abolished the inhibitory effect of CORM-2 on PSC proliferation and prevented both CORM-2-induced HO-1 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) up-regulation. Treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX, an HO inhibitor, or transfection of HO-1 small interfering RNA abolished the inductive effect of CORM-2 on p21(Waf1/Cip1) and reversed the suppressive effect of CORM-2 on PSC growth. The ability of CORM-2 to induce cell cycle arrest was abrogated in p21(Waf1/Cip1)-silenced cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CORM-2 inhibits PSC proliferation by activation of the p38/HO-1 pathway. These findings may indicate a therapeutic potential of CO carriers in the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian I Schwer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Ghosh S, Gal J, Marczin N. Carbon monoxide: endogenous mediator, potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. Ann Med 2010; 42:1-12. [PMID: 20092397 DOI: 10.3109/07853890903482877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objectives of this article are to review the potential role of carbon monoxide (CO) as an endogenous mediator, diagnostic marker for pulmonary disorders, and therapeutic target in critical illness. The review will start by focusing on the importance of the heme oxygenase (HO)-CO axis as an endogenous system as it relates to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. It will elucidate the influence of HO gene expression on critical events like shock, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion and others. Our focus will then shift and look at the potential diagnostic role of exhaled CO in major inflammatory states of the lung, and finally we will highlight the activities on inhaled CO being considered as a possible therapeutic tool and the controversies surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Ghosh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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Bannenberg GL, Vieira HLA. Therapeutic applications of the gaseous mediators carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:663-82. [PMID: 19441940 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902858824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and carbon monoxide (CO) are endogenously produced gaseous autacoids that regulate a number of physiological processes, including the inflammatory response, cell death and proliferation, neural transmission and smooth muscle tone. OBJECTIVE/METHODS The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all recent patent applications that address the potential therapeutic applications of CO and H(2)S. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Beyond the direct administration of CO and H(2)S, this review highlights the therapeutic applications of a variety of gas-releasing molecules that are being developed to deliver CO and H(2)S to diseased tissues at therapeutic doses. The term autacoid, which, in addition to its pharmacological use to describe a locally-acting hormone, literally translates from Greek as 'self-drug', seems to particularly well describe the current approach to capture the potential therapeutic use of these two gasotransmitters. In summary, we can conclude that there is a markedly growing interest in harnessing the tissue-protective actions of CO and H(2)S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L Bannenberg
- Campus de la Universidad Autónoma, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología / CSIC, Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain.
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Loboda A, Jazwa A, Grochot-Przeczek A, Rutkowski AJ, Cisowski J, Agarwal A, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Heme oxygenase-1 and the vascular bed: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1767-812. [PMID: 18576916 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1, an enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin, has been recognized as playing a crucial role in cellular defense against stressful conditions, not only related to heme release. HO-1 protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in blood-vessel relaxation regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in blood-vessel formation by means of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The latter functions link HO-1 not only to cardiovascular ischemia but also to many other conditions that, like development, wound healing, or cancer, are dependent on neovascularization. The aim of this comprehensive review is to address the mechanisms of HO-1 regulation and function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology and to demonstrate some possible applications of the vast knowledge generated so far. Recent data provide powerful evidence for the involvement of HO-1 in the therapeutic effect of drugs used in cardiovascular diseases. Novel studies open the possibilities of application of HO-1 for gene and cell therapy. Therefore, research in forthcoming years should help to elucidate both the real role of HO-1 in the effect of drugs and the clinical feasibility of HO-1-based cell and gene therapy, creating the effective therapeutic avenues for this refined antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Loboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Brambilla D, Mancuso C, Scuderi MR, Bosco P, Cantarella G, Lempereur L, Di Benedetto G, Pezzino S, Bernardini R. The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment of the risk/benefit profile. Nutr J 2008; 7:29. [PMID: 18826565 PMCID: PMC2572622 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will discuss some issues related to the risk/benefit profile of the use of dietary antioxidants. Thus, recent progress regarding the potential benefit of dietary antioxidants in the treatment of chronic diseases with a special focus on immune system and neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed here. It is well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the etiology of numerous diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. Among the physiological defense system of the cell, the relevance of antioxidant molecules, such as glutathione and vitamins is quite well established. Recently, the interest of researchers has, for example, been conveyed on antioxidant enzyme systems, such as the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system, which appears modulated by dietary antioxidant molecules, including polyphenols and beta-carotene. These systems possibly counteract oxidative damage very efficiently and finally modulate the activity of oxidative phenomena occurring, for instance, during pathophysiological processes. Although evidence shows that antioxidant treatment results in cytoprotection, the potential clinical benefit deriving from both nutritional and supplemental antioxidants is still under wide debate. In this line, the inappropriate assumption of some lipophylic vitamins has been associated with increased incidence of cancer rather than with beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Brambilla
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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45
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Carbon monoxide protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental model of controlled nonheartbeating donor kidney. Transplantation 2008; 85:576-81. [PMID: 18347537 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318160516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CO-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is a transitional metal carbonyl that liberates carbon monoxide under appropriate conditions. Carbon monoxide exerts effects on intracellular apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, which suggest a role in reducing the effects of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study investigated the effects of CORM-3 administered at the time of reperfusion in a model of controlled nonheartbeating donor kidneys. METHODS Porcine kidneys (n=4) were subjected to 10 min warm ischemia and 18 hr cold storage (CS) and then treated as follows: CORM-3 (50, 100, 200, and 400 microM doses), iCORM-3 (inactive carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, 50 microM), and control (no further intervention). Renal hemodynamics and function were then measured during 3-hr reperfusion with autologous blood using an isolated organ-perfusion system. RESULTS CORM-3 at a concentration of 50 microM improved renal blood flow (RBF) compared with the iCORM and control groups (area under the curve 774+/-19 vs. 448+/-88 vs. 325+/-70, respectively, P=0.002). CO-releasing molecule-3 at a concentration of 50 microM also improved renal function during reperfusion with a greater area under the curve for creatinine clearance (CORM-3: 14+/-6 vs. iCORM: 3.3+/-0.1 vs. control: 2.2+/-2 mL/min, P=0.006) and higher urine output (CORM-3: 793+/-212 vs. iCORM: 368+/-72 vs. control: 302+/-211 mL, P=0.01). CO-releasing molecule-3 at a concentration of 100 microM exerted similar effects. Treatment with CORM-3 at higher doses (200 and 400 microM) led to poor renal hemodynamics and function after reperfusion. CONCLUSION Low-dose CORM-3 significantly ameliorates the effects of ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model of controlled nonheartbeating donor kidney transplantation.
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Pharmacology of airway smooth muscle proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:385-97. [PMID: 18417114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle thickening is a pathological feature that contributes significantly to airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Ongoing research efforts aimed at identifying the mechanisms responsible for the increased airway smooth muscle mass have indicated that hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, due in part to airway myocyte proliferation, is likely a major factor. Airway smooth muscle proliferation has been studied extensively in culture and in animal models of asthma, and these studies have revealed that a variety of receptors and mediators contributes to this response. This review aims to provide an overview of the receptors and mediators that control airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, with emphasis on the intracellular signalling mechanisms involved.
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Ryter SW, Kim HP, Nakahira K, Zuckerbraun BS, Morse D, Choi AMK. Protective functions of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide in the respiratory system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:2157-73. [PMID: 17845132 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the lung and upper airways, succumbs to injury and disease through acute or chronic exposures to adverse environmental agents, in particular, those that promote increased oxidative or inflammatory processes. Cigarette smoke and other forms of particulate or gaseous air pollution, allergens, microorganisms infections, and changes in inspired oxygen may contribute to lung injury. Among the intrinsic defenses of the lung, the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 constitutes an inducible defense mechanism that can protect the lung and its constituent cells against such insults. Heme oxygenases degrade heme to biliverdin-IXalpha, carbon monoxide, and iron, each with candidate roles in cytoprotection. At low concentrations, carbon monoxide can confer similar cyto and tissue-protective effects as endogenous heme oxygenase-1 expression, involving antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiapoptotic effects. Lung protection by heme oxygenase-1 or its enzymatic reaction products has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in a number of pulmonary disease models, including acute lung injury, cigarette smoke-induced lung injury/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and asthma/airway inflammation. This review summarizes recent findings on the functions of heme oxygenase-1 in the respiratory system, with an emphasis on possible roles in disease progression and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Zhen-Wei X, Jian-Le S, Qi Q, Wen-Wei Z, Xue-Hong Z, Zi-Li Z. Heme oxygenase-1 improves the survival of discordant cardiac xenograft through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Pediatr Transplant 2007; 11:850-9. [PMID: 17976119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HO-1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in hemoglobin metabolism, and exerts anti-inflammatory as well as anti-apoptotic effects. Previous studies have shown that expression of HO-1 can prolong the survival of concordant transplanted organs. However, little is known about the precise effect and mechanism of HO-1 in discordant xenotransplantation. In this study, we investigated the role of HO-1 in discordant cardiac xenotransplantation. First, HUVECs were used to assess the effect of HO-1 on TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Results showed that TNF-alpha induced apoptosis of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, induction of HO-1 by hemin suppressed TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. However, the anti-apoptotic action of HO-1 was reversed by SnPP. The up-regulation of HO-1 by hemin treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of discordant cardiac xenograft, greatly reduced the swelling and apoptosis of myocardial cells, interstitial edema, lymphocyte infiltration, and thrombus formation in small vessels. Furthermore, HO-1 overexpression significantly attenuated the serum level of xenoantibody IgM, tissue deposition of IgM and complement 3 (C(3)) in endangium. Finally, HO-1 mitigated CD40L transcription in the xenograft and recipient spleen. These results indicate that the up-regulation of HO-1 can improve the survival of discordant cardiac xenograft by inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhen-Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Xia ZW, Xu LQ, Zhong WW, Wei JJ, Li NL, Shao J, Li YZ, Yu SC, Zhang ZL. Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by up-regulation of foxp3 T-regulatory cells, interleukin-10, and membrane-bound transforming growth factor- 1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1904-14. [PMID: 17991714 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests the up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-10 and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is implicated in anti-inflammatory effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, we postulated that induction of HO-1 could augment IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta production and foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Treg cell function, thereby leading to attenuation of airway inflammation. In this study, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells isolated from mouse spleen were either transfected with a HO-1 expression vector (pcDNA3HO-1) or treated with a HO-1 inducer (hemin). Up-regulation of HO-1 enhanced foxp3 expression and IL-10 secretion in the Treg cells in vitro. Next, BALB/c, C57/B6.129, and IL-10-deficient B6.129P2-Il10tm1Cgn/J mice were challenged by ovalbumin to induce airway inflammation. Consistent with in vitro findings, hemin treatment resulted in induction of HO-1 and foxp3 and production of IL-10 and membrane-bound TGF-beta1 in vivo. This was further correlated with decrease of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E level and eosinophil infiltration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid from the asthmatic mice. Furthermore, hemin significantly enhanced the biological activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. This protective effect was specifically blocked by Sn-protoporphyrin, a HO-1 enzymatic inhibitor. Finally, hemin failed to up-regulate the function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells from IL-10-deficient mice. Our study indicates that HO-1 exerts its protective effect on asthma through a mechanism mediated by foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, IL-10, and membrane-bound TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Ruijin 2nd Rd. 197, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Shiohira S, Yoshida T, Shirota S, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K. Protective effect of carbon monoxide donor compounds in endotoxin-induced acute renal failure. Am J Nephrol 2007; 27:441-6. [PMID: 17630479 DOI: 10.1159/000105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in clinical practice. However, the precise mechanism of endotoxin-induced ARF is not fully understood. There have been several reports that inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO) gas could be protective against acute rejection in intestine, lung, and kidney transplantation. Thus, we investigated the direct effect of CO in an experimental ARF model of septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHOD Mice were pretreated with [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 (CO donor compounds) at various concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg) which were intravenously injected 24 h before intraperitoneal LPS injection. Biomarkers including myeloperoxidase activity and histochemical staining were evaluated. RESULTS The elevation of plasma creatinine was suppressed in CO donor-pretreated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice (creatinine 0.35 vs. 0.25; p < 0.05) 24 h after LPS injection. Renal myeloperoxidase activity slightly decreased in CO donor-pretreated mice. In the histological examination, neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished in CO donor-treated mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significant improvements in inflammatory related genes, such as TNFalpha, MCP-1, RANTES and IL4. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the protective effect of the CO donor against endotoxin-induced renal injury; however, further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Shiohira
- Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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