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Lepore G, Succu S, Cappai MG, Frau A, Senes A, Zedda M, Farina V, Gadau SD. Morphological and Metabolic Features of Brain Aging in Rodents, Ruminants, Carnivores, and Non-Human Primates. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2900. [PMID: 39409849 PMCID: PMC11482532 DOI: 10.3390/ani14192900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain aging in mammals is characterized by morphological and functional changes in neural cells. Macroscopically, this process, leading to progressive cerebral volume loss and functional decline, includes memory and motor neuron deficits, as well as behavioral disorders. Morphologically, brain aging is associated with aged neurons and astrocytes, appearing enlarged and flattened, and expressing enhanced pH-dependent β-galactosidase activity. Multiple mechanisms are considered hallmarks of cellular senescence in vitro, including cell cycle arrest, increased lysosomal activity, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The most common markers for senescence identification were identified in (i) proteins implicated in cell cycle arrest, such as p16, p21, and p53, (ii) increased lysosomal mass, and (iii) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression. Finally, dysfunctional autophagy, a process occurring during aging, contributes to altering brain homeostasis. The brains of mammals can be studied at cellular and subcellular levels to elucidate the mechanisms on the basis of age-related and degenerative disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize and update the most recent knowledge about brain aging through a comparative approach, where similarities and differences in some mammalian species are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lepore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.C.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (V.F.); (S.D.G.)
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2
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Kodali N, Bhattaru A, Blanchard I, Sharma Y, Lipner SR. Assessing melanoma prognosis: the interplay between patient profiles, survival, and BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and TWT mutations in a retrospective multi-study analysis. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:419-428. [PMID: 38564430 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of melanoma are increasing globally, presenting a significant public health concern. The main genetic drivers of melanoma include BRAF, NRAS, KIT and triple wild-type (TWT) mutations. Little is known about the effects of these mutations on outcomes in terms of demographics and patient characteristics. We examined differences in melanoma mortality risk and mutation count across mutation type and patient disease profile. We extrapolated primary melanoma patient data from 14 studies via the cBioportal database. Patients were divided into demographic groups and classified according to BRAF, NRAS, KIT and TWT mutation status. Analyses included two-sample Student t -test and two-way analysis of variance tests analysis with Tukey's post hoc test. Survival outcomes were compared via Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression. NRAS-mutated patients exhibited decreased overall survival compared to BRAF-mutated patients. Male patients had higher mutation counts across all gene groups than females, with the fewest TWT mutations in comparison to BRAF, NRAS and KIT mutations. Males also exhibited increased mortality risk for NRAS, KIT and TWT mutations compared to BRAF mutations. An unknown primary melanoma was associated with increased mortality risk across all gene groups. NRAS-mutated acral melanoma patients had an increased mortality risk compared to NRAS-mutated cutaneous melanoma patients. Older patients had a higher mortality risk than younger patients. Patients with heavier versus lower weights had lower mortality risk, which was more pronounced for BRAF-mutated patients. These relationships highlight the importance of demographic and pathologic relationships to aid in risk assessment and personalize treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kodali
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Abhijit Bhattaru
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Isabella Blanchard
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yash Sharma
- Derpartment of Education, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Ji RC. The emerging importance of lymphangiogenesis in aging and aging-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 221:111975. [PMID: 39089499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic aging represented by cellular and functional changes, is involved in increased geriatric disorders, but the intersection between aging and lymphatic modulation is less clear. Lymphatic vessels play an essential role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis, regulating immune function, and promoting macromolecular transport. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling following cellular senescence and organ deterioration are crosslinked with the progression of some lymphatic-associated diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, inflammation, lymphoedema, and cancer. Age-related detrimental tissue changes may occur in lymphatic vessels with diverse etiologies, and gradually shift towards chronic low-grade inflammation, so-called inflammaging, and lead to decreased immune response. The investigation of the relationship between advanced age and organ deterioration is becoming an area of rapidly increasing significance in lymphatic biology and medicine. Here we highlight the emerging importance of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling in the regulation of aging-related pathological processes, which will help to find new avenues for effective intervention to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
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4
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Kim HS, Kim JS, Kim JM, Han JW, Lee SK, Nam H, Sung PS, Kwon JH, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Jang JW. Differential HBV replicative markers and covalently closed circular DNA transcription in immune-active chronic hepatitis B with and without HBeAg. Liver Int 2024; 44:2753-2762. [PMID: 39073214 DOI: 10.1111/liv.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular processes driving immune-active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with and without hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate expression profiles of serum and intrahepatic HBV markers and replicative activity of HBV in CHB patients with or without HBeAg. METHODS This study recruited 111 untreated immune-active CHB (60 HBeAg-positive and 51 HBeAg-negative) patients and quantified intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA), total HBV DNA (tDNA), and replicative intermediates as well as serum HBV markers (HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core-related antigen). Correlations between HBV markers and clinico-virological factors influencing expression levels of HBV markers were analysed. RESULTS Levels of all serum markers and intrahepatic cccDNA/tDNA as well as cccDNA transcriptional activity and virion productivity were significantly reduced in HBeAg-negative patients compared to those in HBeAg-positive patients. Additionally, correlations between intrahepatic cccDNA/pgRNA and serum markers were impaired in HBeAg-negative individuals. Aminotransferase levels were positively correlated with cccDNA transcriptional activity in HBeAg-positive patients, but not in HBeAg-negative patients. Notably, among HBeAg-positive patients, there was a progressive decline in pgRNA level, transcriptional activity, and serum HBV markers as liver fibrosis advanced, which was not observed in HBeAg-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS HBeAg loss is correlated with diminished intrahepatic HBV reservoirs and cccDNA transcription, leading to decreased serum HBV marker levels. Circulating HBV markers are not reliable indicators of intrahepatic HBV replicative activity for HBeAg-negative patients. Our findings reveal distinct disease phenotypes between immune-active CHB with and without HBeAg, highlighting the need to establish optimal surrogate biomarkers that can accurately mirror intrahepatic viral activity to aid in decision-making for antiviral therapy for immune-active CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seoub Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kyu Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Nam
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kwon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Collage of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Félix J, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Garrido A, De La Fuente M. Characterization of a natural model of adult mice with different rate of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 222:111991. [PMID: 39278278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a heterogeneous process, so individuals of the same age may be aging at a different rate. A natural model of premature aging in mice have been proposed based on the poor response to the T-maze. Those that take longer to cross the intersection are known as Prematurely Aging Mice (PAM), while those that show an exceptional response are known as Exceptional non-PAM (E-NPAM), being the rest non-PAM (NPAM). Although many aspects of PAM and E-NPAM have been described, some aspects of their brain aging have not been studied. Similarly, it is known that PAM, NPAM and E-NPAM show a different rate of aging and longevity, but the differences between these three groups in behavior, immune function and oxidative-inflammatory state are unknown. The present study aims to deepen the study of brain aging in PAM and E-NPAM, and to study the differences in behavior, immunity, and oxidative-inflammatory state of peritoneal leukocytes between PAM, NPAM and E-NPAM. Results show deteriorated brains in PAM. Moreover, NPAM show an oxidative state similar to E-NPAM, an anxiety similar to PAM, and an intermediate immunity and lifespan between PAM and E-NPAM. In conclusion, immune function seems to be more associated with the longevity achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Biosciences, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica De La Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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van der Werf I, Sneifer J, Jamieson C. RNA Modifications Shape Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging: Beyond the Code. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39252150 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic system aging is characterized by both hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and niche degeneration resulting in myeloid lineage-biased differentiation, reduced B cell and T cell lymphopoiesis, increased HSC mobilization, and fat deposition in the bone marrow. Both alterations in RNA splicing and editing during HSC aging contribute to increased myeloid lineage skewing and inflammation-responsive transcription factors, underscoring the importance of epitranscriptomic mechanisms in the acquisition of an age-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Werf
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jenna Sneifer
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Catriona Jamieson
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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7
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Krsek A, Ostojic L, Zivalj D, Baticic L. Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9695. [PMID: 39273641 PMCID: PMC11396210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The research in neuroimmunomodulation aims to shed light on the complex relationships that exist between the immune and neurological systems and how they affect the human body. This multidisciplinary field focuses on the way immune responses are influenced by brain activity and how neural function is impacted by immunological signaling. This provides important insights into a range of medical disorders. Targeting both brain and immunological pathways, neuroimmunomodulatory approaches are used in clinical pain management to address chronic pain. Pharmacological therapies aim to modulate neuroimmune interactions and reduce inflammation. Furthermore, bioelectronic techniques like vagus nerve stimulation offer non-invasive control of these systems, while neuromodulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation modify immunological and neuronal responses to reduce pain. Within the context of aging, neuroimmunomodulation analyzes the ways in which immunological and neurological alterations brought on by aging contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative illnesses. Restoring neuroimmune homeostasis through strategies shows promise in reducing age-related cognitive decline. Research into mood disorders focuses on how immunological dysregulation relates to illnesses including anxiety and depression. Immune system fluctuations are increasingly recognized for their impact on brain function, leading to novel treatments that target these interactions. This review emphasizes how interdisciplinary cooperation and continuous research are necessary to better understand the complex relationship between the neurological and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea Krsek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Leona Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dorotea Zivalj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Venkatesh A, Susheela AT, Kochar B. Frailty: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for IBD Complications. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11894-024-00945-5. [PMID: 39235680 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-024-00945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of IBD in older adults is rapidly growing. Older adults with IBD are underrepresented in research and clinical trials and yet at great risk for adverse events. Therefore, understanding advanced aged associated constructs in older adults can be critical to improving the management of older adults with IBD. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we present recent studies on frailty in IBD. We identify 4 major themes in the literature: studies that describe frailty in patients with IBD, studies that report on consequences of frailty, studies of frailty as a risk stratification modality, and studies of frailty as an exposure and outcome. In reviewing the literature, we discuss the heterogeneity that exists and outline future directions to ensure appropriate applications for frailty in the field of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 901 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ammu T Susheela
- Chicago Internal Medicine Practice and Research, 101 Madison St Suite 300, Oak Park, IL, 60302, USA
| | - Bharati Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn's & Colitis Center, 165 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- The Mongan Institute, 100 Cambridge St Suite 1600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Calubag MF, Robbins PD, Lamming DW. A nutrigeroscience approach: Dietary macronutrients and cellular senescence. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1914-1944. [PMID: 39178854 PMCID: PMC11386599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process in which a cell exits the cell cycle in response to stressors, is one of the hallmarks of aging. Senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-a heterogeneous set of secreted factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis and promote the accumulation of senescent cells-reprogram metabolism and can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions have long been studied as methods to combat age-associated metabolic dysfunction, promote health, and increase lifespan. A growing body of literature suggests that senescence is responsive to diet, both to calories and specific dietary macronutrients, and that the metabolic benefits of dietary interventions may arise in part through reducing senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about dietary macronutrients' effect on senescence and the SASP, the nutrient-responsive molecular mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and the potential for these findings to inform the development of a nutrigeroscience approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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10
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Dong X, Song Y, Liu Y, Kou X, Yang T, Shi SX, He K, Li Y, Li Z, Yao X, Guo J, Cui B, Wu Z, Lei Y, Du M, Chen M, Xu H, Liu Q, Shi FD, Wang X, Yan H. Natural killer cells promote neutrophil extracellular traps and restrain macular degeneration in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi6626. [PMID: 39141700 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi6626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. Although it is known that nvAMD is associated with focal inflammation, understanding of the precise immune components governing this process remains limited. Here, we identified natural killer (NK) cells as a prominent lymphocyte population infiltrating the perivascular space of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions in patients with nvAMD and in mouse models. Olink proteomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing combined with knockout studies demonstrated the involvement of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in NK cell recruitment and extravasation at the CNV sites of mice. Depletion of NK cells or inhibition of activating receptor NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, increased vascular leakage, and exacerbated pathological angiogenesis, indicating that NK cells restrain pathogenesis in this mouse model. Age is the strongest risk factor for AMD, and we show that NK cells from aged human donors exhibited a less cytotoxic phenotype. NK cells from old mice exhibited compromised protective effects in the CNV mouse model. In addition, interleukin-2 complex-mediated expansion of NK cells improved CNV formation in mice. Collectively, our study highlights NK cells as a potential therapeutic target for patients with nvAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yinting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuejing Kou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tianjing Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Samuel X Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xueming Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bohao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ziru Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Ruiz-Lozano R, Calvo-Gallego JL, Pivonka P, McDonald MM, Martínez-Reina J. An in silico approach to elucidate the pathways leading to primary osteoporosis: age-related vs. postmenopausal. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1393-1409. [PMID: 38700787 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Numerical models of bone remodelling have traditionally been used to perform in silico tests of bone loss in postmenopausal women and also to simulate the response to different drug treatments. These models simulate the menopausal oestrogen decline by altering certain signalling pathways. However, they do not consider the simultaneous effect that ageing can have on cell function and bone remodelling, and thus on bone loss. Considering ageing and oestrogen decline together is important for designing osteoporosis treatments that can selectively counteract one or the other disease mechanism. A previously developed bone cell population model was adapted to consider the effect of ageing through: (1) the decrease of TGF- β contained in the bone matrix and (2) an increased production of sclerostin by non-skeletal cells. Oestrogen deficiency is simulated in three different ways: (a) an increase in RANKL expression, (b) a decrease in OPG production, and (c) an increase in the responsiveness of osteoclasts to RANKL. The effect of ageing was validated using the cross-sectional study of (Riggs et al. in J Bone Miner Res 19: 1945-1954, 2004) on BMD of trabecular bone of the vertebral body of men. The joint effect of ageing and oestrogen deficiency was validated using these same clinical results but in women. In ageing, the effect of the increasing production of sclerostin is more important than the decrease of TGF- β , while the three mechanisms used to simulate the effect of oestrogen deficiency produce almost identical responses. The results show that an early menopause leads to a lower average density in the fifth decade, but after the sixth decade the average density is independent of the age at menopause. Treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab was also simulated to conclude that the drug is not very effective if started before 10 years after menopause or before age 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Calvo-Gallego
- Departmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier Martínez-Reina
- Departmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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12
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Nisson PL, Francis JJ, Michel M, Goel K, Patil CG. Extreme-aged patients (≥ 85 years) experience similar outcomes as younger geriatric patients following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation: a matched cohort study. GeroScience 2024; 46:3543-3553. [PMID: 38286851 PMCID: PMC11226415 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Subdural hematoma (SDH) evacuation represents one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical procedures. Several reports cite a rise in both the age and number of patient's requiring treatment, due in part to an aging population and expanded anticoagulation use. However, limited data and conflicting conclusions exist on extreme-aged geriatric patients (≥ 85 years of age) after undergoing surgery. Patients undergoing SDH evacuation at a tertiary academic medical center between November 2013-December 2021 were retrospectively identified. The study group consisted of patients ≥ 85 years (Group 1) diagnosed with a chronic SDH surgically evacuated. A control group was created matching patients by 70-84 years of age, gender, and anticoagulation use (Group 2). Multiple metrics were evaluated between the two including length-of hospital-stay, tracheostomy/PEG placement, reoperation rate, complications, discharge location, neurological outcome at the time of discharge, and survival. A total of 130 patients were included; 65 in Group 1 and 65 in Group 2. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, SDH characteristics, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, and use of blood thinning agents were similar between the two groups. Kaplan Meier survival analysis at one-year was 80% for Group 1 and 76% for Group 2. No significant difference was identified using the log-rank test for equality of survivor functions (p = 0.26). All measured outcomes including GCS at time of discharge, length of stay, rate of reoperations, and neurological outcome were statistically similar between the two groups. Backwards stepwise conditional logistic regression revealed no significant association between poor outcomes at the time of discharge and age. Alternatively, anticoagulation use was found to be associated with poor outcomes (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.08-11.60; p = 0.036). Several outcome metrics and statistical analyses were used to compare patients ≥ 85 years of age to younger geriatric patients (70-84 years) in a matched cohort study. Adjusting for age group, gender, and anticoagulation use, no significant difference was found between the two groups including neurological outcome at discharge, reoperation rate, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton L Nisson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John J Francis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelot Michel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keshav Goel
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chirag G Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Ingebriktsen LM, Svanøe AA, Myrmel Sæle AK, Humlevik ROC, Toska K, Kalvenes MB, Aas T, Heie A, Askeland C, Knutsvik G, Stefansson IM, Akslen LA, Hoivik EA, Wik E. Age-Related Clusters and Favorable Immune Phenotypes in Young Breast Cancer Patients. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100529. [PMID: 38810731 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) patients aged <40 years at diagnosis experience aggressive disease and poorer survival compared with women diagnosed with BC at 40 to 49 years, but the age-related biology is described to little extent. Here, we explored transcriptional alterations in BC to gain better understanding of age-related tumor biology. We studied a subset of the Bergen in-house cohort (n = 127; age range, 26-49 years) and used the NanoString Breast Cancer 360 expression panel on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC tissue, and publicly available global BC messenger RNA expression data (n = 204; age range, 22-49 years), to explore differentially expressed genes between the young (age <40 years) and older (age 40-49 years) patients. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was applied to identify gene expression-based patient clusters. We applied established computational approaches to define the PAM50 subtypes, risk of recurrence scores (ROR), and risk groups and to infer the proportions of 22 immune cell types from bulk gene expression profiles of patients aged <50 years at BC diagnosis. Differentially expressed genes and gene sets were investigated using OncoEnrichR and g:Profiler to describe functional profiles and pathway enrichment. We identified 4 age-related patient clusters presenting distinct characteristics of PAM50 subtypes and ROR profiles, which demonstrated independent prognostic value when adjusted for traditional clinicopathologic variables and the known molecular subtypes. Our findings showed better survival than expected in the basal-enriched cluster 2 and in triple-negative and basal-like BC. Deconvolution analyses of immunophenotypes indicated higher levels of M0 and M1 macrophages than M2 macrophages in subsets of young BC. Our approach identifies age-based patient clusters with distinct clinicopathologic profiles, to a large extent overlapping with the PAM50 subtypes, although with independent prognostic values in multivariate survival analyses. The patient clusters provided new insight in the immune cell distribution across tumor subtypes, potentially contributing to survival differences between the clusters and the molecular subtypes and indicating age-related mechanisms improving outcome. Our study confirms the applicability of ROR as a valid prognosticator also in a young BC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Martine Ingebriktsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Amalie Abrahamsen Svanøe
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Kristine Myrmel Sæle
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rasmus Olai Collett Humlevik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen Toska
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - May Britt Kalvenes
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Turid Aas
- Department of Surgery, Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Heie
- Department of Surgery, Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Askeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gøril Knutsvik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Marie Stefansson
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Andreas Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Andre Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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14
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Jacobsen SEW. Rejuvenating immunity through a balancing stem cell act. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-01005-3. [PMID: 39043851 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-01005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Ye H, Zou X, Fang X. Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1522-1534. [PMID: 38708689 PMCID: PMC11230747 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades, approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent. Consequently, innovative therapies focusing on remedying organ injuries are necessitated. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis. Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis, stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials. The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis. This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy, its current status, and the strides made in the context of sepsis research, discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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16
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Butler CT, Rodgers AM, Curtis AM, Donnelly RF. Chrono-tailored drug delivery systems: recent advances and future directions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1756-1775. [PMID: 38416386 PMCID: PMC11153310 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence a range of biological processes within the body, with the central clock or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain synchronising peripheral clocks around the body. These clocks are regulated by external cues, the most influential being the light/dark cycle, in order to synchronise with the external day. Chrono-tailored or circadian drug delivery systems (DDS) aim to optimise drug delivery by releasing drugs at specific times of day to align with circadian rhythms within the body. Although this approach is still relatively new, it has the potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimise side effects, and improve patient compliance. Chrono-tailored DDS have been explored and implemented in various conditions, including asthma, hypertension, and cancer. This review aims to introduce the biology of circadian rhythms and provide an overview of the current research on chrono-tailored DDS, with a particular focus on immunological applications and vaccination. Finally, we draw on some of the key challenges which need to be overcome for chrono-tailored DDS before they can be translated to more widespread use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Butler
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7B, UK
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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17
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Han J, Rindone AN, Elisseeff JH. Immunoengineering Biomaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair across Lifespan. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311646. [PMID: 38416061 PMCID: PMC11239302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases and injuries are among the leading causes of pain and morbidity worldwide. Broad efforts have focused on developing pro-regenerative biomaterials to treat musculoskeletal conditions; however, these approaches have yet to make a significant clinical impact. Recent studies have demonstrated that the immune system is central in orchestrating tissue repair and that targeting pro-regenerative immune responses can improve biomaterial therapeutic outcomes. However, aging is a critical factor negatively affecting musculoskeletal tissue repair and immune function. Hence, understanding how age affects the response to biomaterials is essential for improving musculoskeletal biomaterial therapies. This review focuses on the intersection of the immune system and aging in response to biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue repair. The article introduces the general impacts of aging on tissue physiology, the immune system, and the response to biomaterials. Then, it explains how the adaptive immune system guides the response to injury and biomaterial implants in cartilage, muscle, and bone and discusses how aging impacts these processes in each tissue type. The review concludes by highlighting future directions for the development and translation of personalized immunomodulatory biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Rindone
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Liu H, Bian Q, Zhang S, Guan Y. Parabolic Changes in Pain Scores Among Partial Herpes Zoster Patients: A Retrospective Study. J Pain Res 2024; 17:2191-2201. [PMID: 38939514 PMCID: PMC11208161 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s461590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes zoster (HZ) typically manifests in the acute phase with distinct blisters and severe neuropathic pain. Remarkably, a subset of patients initially presents with only a mild skin rash and moderate pain that gradually intensifies, following a parabolic pattern. Despite being frequently observed in clinical settings, the underlying causes of this trajectory and its potential connection with post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) remain unclear. Methods To investigate this phenomenon in-depth, we conducted a meticulous retrospective study involving 529 eligible HZ patients. All these patients sought medical care at the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, China, between January 2020 and December 2023. Results The research identified that 14.6% of the sample (77 patients) experienced pain scores aligning with a parabolic curve. This trend was significantly more prevalent in patients aged 60 and above, accounting for 90.9% of this group, and demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Moreover, 87.0% of these patients had pre-existing medical conditions, highlighting the potential role of comorbidities in influencing the pain trajectory. A concerning 45.5% of patients sought medical attention more than seven days after the onset of symptoms, a delay that could exacerbate neurological damage. Notably, among those following a parabolic pain pattern, 66.2% eventually developed PHN, a considerably higher rate compared to the broader patient population. Conclusion We emphasize that healthcare practitioners meticulously assess patients who initially report lower pain scores for high-risk factors potentially leading to parabolic pain increases, including being over 60 years old, having comorbid conditions, and delaying medical consultation beyond seven days from symptom onset. Early implementation of supplementary pain management therapies may mitigate the risk of PHN development and enhance the quality of life for patients. This study furnishes clinicians with a deeper understanding of the variations in HZ-related pain trajectories, promising to improve treatment approaches and prognoses for HZ patients while paving the way for enriched clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Queqiao Bian
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Guan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Soontara C, Uchuwittayakul A, Kayansamruaj P, Amparyup P, Wongpanya R, Srisapoome P. Adjuvant Effects of a CC Chemokine for Enhancing the Efficacy of an Inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccine in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:641. [PMID: 38932370 PMCID: PMC11209360 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability of a CC chemokine (On-CC1) adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of a formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine (WC) in inducing immune responses against S. agalactiae in Nile tilapia was investigated through immune-related gene expression analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), transcriptome sequencing, and challenge tests. Significantly higher S. agalactiae-specific IgM levels were detected in fish in the WC+CC group than in the WC alone or control groups at 8 days postvaccination (dpv). The WC vaccine group exhibited increased specific IgM levels at 15 dpv, comparable to those of the WC+CC group, with sustained higher levels observed in the latter group at 29 dpv and after challenge with S. agalactiae for 14 days. Immune-related gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of all target genes in the control group compared to those in the vaccinated groups, with notable differences between the WC and WC+CC groups at various time intervals. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression profiles between the vaccinated (24 and 96 hpv) and control groups, with notable upregulation of immune-related genes in the vaccinated fish. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed significant upregulation of immunoglobulin and other immune-related genes in the control group compared to those in the vaccinated groups (24 and 96 hpv), with distinct patterns observed between the WC and WC+CC vaccine groups. Finally, challenge with a virulent strain of S. agalactiae resulted in significantly higher survival rates for fish in the WC and WC+CC groups compared to fish in the control group, with a notable increase in survival observed in fish in the WC+CC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanit Soontara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (C.S.); (A.U.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anurak Uchuwittayakul
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (C.S.); (A.U.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (C.S.); (A.U.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand;
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (C.S.); (A.U.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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20
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Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Avila RM, Camacho-Leon G, Faytong-Haro M, Merino-Alado RL, Carrillo JP, Mautong H, Simancas-Racines DA, Cherrez-Ojeda I. Case Report: Primary Cutaneous Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Cosmetic Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2024; 25:e942660. [PMID: 38702880 PMCID: PMC11087010 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.942660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis (PCH) is a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical polymorphism and can mimic other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Previous cases of PCH have been reported in immunocompetent patients with underlying medical conditions or trauma history. So far there have been no reports of PCH after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) application due to inadequate hygiene measures in an immunocompetent host. CASE REPORT This case report presents a rare occurrence of PCH following a cosmetic procedure (PRP injection) in an immunocompetent patient. The patient developed nodule-like lesions at the application sites, which progressed to ulceration with purulent discharge. Initially, atypical mycobacterial infection was suspected, and empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated. Complementary tests were performed, ruling out immunosuppression and systemic pathogens. The patient showed complete resolution of the lesions after one month of atypical treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PCH with intracytoplasmic inclusions of Histoplasma sp. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of considering histoplasmosis as a diagnostic possibility, especially in hyperendemic areas like Venezuela. Direct inoculation of Histoplasma sp. after aesthetic procedures without proper hygiene measures can lead to pathological lesions, even in immunocompetent individuals. TMP/SMX can be considered as an alternative treatment option in the absence of the first-line medication. Further exploration of this treatment approach may benefit patients with similar clinical conditions or when ideal treatment options are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Avila
- Division of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Genesis Camacho-Leon
- Division of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | - Rommie L. Merino-Alado
- Medical Mycology Section “Dr. Dante Borelli”, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Dr. Felix Pifano”, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacinto Pineda Carrillo
- Medical Mycology Section “Dr. Dante Borelli”, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Dr. Felix Pifano”, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hans Mautong
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daniel A. Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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22
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Liu X, Sun Y, Su Y, Gao Y, Zhang T, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang D, Sun C, Li J, Li Z, Zhang B. The compensatory role of T cells from lymph nodes in mice with splenectomy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18363. [PMID: 38770891 PMCID: PMC11107144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The spleen is a vital organ for the immune system, while splenectomy may be necessary for various reasons. However, there is limited research on the impact of splenectomy on T cell function in peripheral lymph nodes as a compensatory mechanism in preventing infections. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and function of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in different peripheral lymph nodes during viral infection using a well-established splenectomy model. The results revealed that splenectomy caused an increase in CD8+GP33+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Moreover, we demonstrated that splenectomy resulted in an increase of effector KLRG1+ T cells in the MLN. Additionally, the number of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) was also elevated in the peripheral lymph nodes of mice with splenectomy. Surprisingly, aged mice exhibited a stronger compensatory ability than adult mice, as evidenced by an increase in effector CD8+ T cells in all peripheral lymph nodes. These findings provide compelling evidence that T cells in MLN play a crucial role in protecting individuals with splenectomy against viral infections. The study offers new insights into understanding the changes in the immune system of individuals with splenectomy and highlights the potential compensatory mechanisms involved by T cells in peripheral lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yae Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesYan'an UniversityYan'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tianzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Qianhao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of EmergencyShaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zongfang Li
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS‐Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine InstituteXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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23
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Randolph HE, Aracena KA, Lin YL, Mu Z, Barreiro LB. Shaping immunity: The influence of natural selection on population immune diversity. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:227-240. [PMID: 38577999 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Humans exhibit considerable variability in their immune responses to the same immune challenges. Such variation is widespread and affects individual and population-level susceptibility to infectious diseases and immune disorders. Although the factors influencing immune response diversity are partially understood, what mechanisms lead to the wide range of immune traits in healthy individuals remain largely unexplained. Here, we discuss the role that natural selection has played in driving phenotypic differences in immune responses across populations and present-day susceptibility to immune-related disorders. Further, we touch on future directions in the field of immunogenomics, highlighting the value of expanding this work to human populations globally, the utility of modeling the immune response as a dynamic process, and the importance of considering the potential polygenic nature of natural selection. Identifying loci acted upon by evolution may further pinpoint variants critically involved in disease etiology, and designing studies to capture these effects will enrich our understanding of the genetic contributions to immunity and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Randolph
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Yen-Lung Lin
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Zhang W, Zhang K, Shi J, Qiu H, Kan C, Ma Y, Hou N, Han F, Sun X. The impact of the senescent microenvironment on tumorigenesis: Insights for cancer therapy. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14182. [PMID: 38650467 PMCID: PMC11113271 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing global burden of cancer, especially among people aged 60 years and over, has become a key public health issue. This trend suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the various cancer types in order to develop universally effective treatments. A prospective area of research involves elucidating the interplay between the senescent microenvironment and tumor genesis. Currently, most oncology research focuses on adulthood and tends to ignore the potential role of senescent individuals on tumor progression. Senescent cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that has a dual role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). While SASP components can remodel the TME and thus hinder tumor cell proliferation, they can also promote tumorigenesis and progression via pro-inflammatory and pro-proliferative mechanisms. To address this gap, our review seeks to investigate the influence of senescent microenvironment changes on tumor development and their potential implications for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
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25
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Zhu W, Wu L, Xie W, Zhang G, Gu Y, Hou Y, He Y. Comparison of morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy between individuals older and younger than 80 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1525-1535. [PMID: 38095810 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes related to survival and post-operative complications in individuals older and younger than 80 years with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS We conducted a systematic search using three large databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. We included observational studies comparing outcomes between individuals older than 80 years and younger patients undergoing RC. The outcomes of interest included overall survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free survival, and risk of post-operative complications. We applied a random effects model for the analysis and reported pooled effect sizes as odds ratios (ORs) or hazards ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We analyzed 21 studies. Our results show that individuals older than 80 years had higher risks of mortality at 30 days (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.97, 4.04), 90 days (OR 3.34; 95% CI 2.61, 4.27), 12 months (HR 3.03; 95% CI 2.64, 3.49), and 24 months (HR 3.54; 95% CI 2.27, 5.50) of the post-operative follow-up than younger individuals. In addition, individuals older than 80 years also had poor 5-year survivals (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.64, 2.88), an increased risk of 5-year cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24, 2.03), poor 5-year recurrence free survivals (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07, 2.08), and high complications risks (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02, 1.42) when compared to younger patients. CONCLUSION Individuals older than 80 years undergoing RC are likely to have poor survival-related outcomes and increased complications risks. Pre-planned comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) may be needed to offer better peri- and post-operative care to improve the outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhua Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gaoyue Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqin Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yansong Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing andThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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26
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Georgiou AN, Voskarides K, Zanos P, Chatzittofis A. Investigating the shared genetic basis and causal relationships between mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue inflammation and psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1379922. [PMID: 38742127 PMCID: PMC11089192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1379922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic and acute inflammation of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue have been positively linked to the development of psychiatric disorders in observational studies. However, it remains unclear whether this association is causal. In the present study, we investigated this association, using as proxies genetically predicted tonsillectomy, appendectomy and appendicitis on psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar depression (BD) and anxiety (ANX) via a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Genetic association summary statistics for tonsillectomy, appendectomy and appendicitis were sourced from FinnGen Consortium, comprising data from 342,000 participants. Genetic correlations between all exposures and outcome were calculated with Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) Regression analysis. MR estimates were then calculated to assess their impact on the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity analysis was employed to test for any directional pleiotropy. Results Our results suggest that there is no direct causal association between tonsillectomy, appendectomy or appendicitis with a heightened risk for development of psychiatric disorders. The robustness of the results of the main MR analysis was further confirmed with additional sensitivity analyses. However, a moderate inverse genetic correlation was observed between tonsillectomy and MDD traits (rg=-0.39, p-value (P)=7.5x10-5). Conclusion Our findings provide, for the first time, evidence that there is no causal association between tonsillectomy or appendectomy on subsequent vulnerability of developing psychiatric disorders. Future studies using larger sample size GWAS should focus on unraveling the confounding factors and mediators to investigate this relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Voskarides
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Chatzittofis
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Chen Z, Guo Y, Sun H, Zhang W, Hou S, Guo Y, Ma X, Meng H. Exploration of the causal associations between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1394738. [PMID: 38737586 PMCID: PMC11088236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1394738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing body of research has demonstrated a robust correlation between circulating inflammatory proteins and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, whether this association is causal or whether immune cells act as mediators currently remains unclear. Methods We employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to examine the potential causal association between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and NMOSD using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Five different methods for Mendelian randomization analyses were applied, with the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method being the primary approach. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity in the results. Finally, a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed to examine the potential mediating effects of immune cells. Results A notable causal relationship was observed between three circulating inflammatory proteins (CSF-1, IL-24, and TNFRSF9) and genetically predicted NMOSD. Furthermore, two immune cell phenotypes, genetically predicted CD8 on naive CD8+ T cells, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Absolute Count were negatively and positively associated with genetically predicted NMOSD, respectively, although they did not appear to function as mediators. Conclusion Circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cells are causally associated with NMOSD. Immune cells do not appear to mediate the pathway linking circulating inflammatory proteins to NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang B, Han J, Elisseeff JH, Demaria M. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x. [PMID: 38654098 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of terminal growth arrest associated with the upregulation of different cell cycle inhibitors, mainly p16 and p21, structural and metabolic alterations, chronic DNA damage responses, and a hypersecretory state known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is the major mediator of the paracrine effects of senescent cells in their tissue microenvironment and of various local and systemic biological functions. In this Review, we discuss the composition, dynamics and heterogeneity of the SASP as well as the mechanisms underlying its induction and regulation. We describe the various biological properties of the SASP, its beneficial and detrimental effects in different physiological and pathological settings, and its impact on overall health span. Finally, we discuss the use of the SASP as a biomarker and of SASP inhibitors as senomorphic interventions to treat cancer and other age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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29
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Howlader DR, Mandal RS, Lu T, Maiti S, Dietz ZK, Das S, Whittier SK, Nagel AC, Biswas S, Varisco DJ, Gardner FM, Ernst RK, Picking WD, Picking WL. Development of a nano-emulsion based multivalent protein subunit vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372349. [PMID: 38698863 PMCID: PMC11063228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for severe hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised and elderly individuals. Emergence of increasingly drug resistant strains and the absence of a broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccine against both T3SA+ (type III secretion apparatus) and ExlA+/T3SA- Pa strains worsen the situation in a post-pandemic world. Thus, we formulated a candidate subunit vaccine (called ExlA/L-PaF/BECC/ME) against both Pa types. This bivalent vaccine was generated by combining the C-terminal active moiety of exolysin A (ExlA) produced by non-T3SA Pa strains with our T3SA-based vaccine platform, L-PaF, in an oil-in-water emulsion. The ExlA/L-PaF in ME (MedImmune emulsion) was then mixed with BECC438b, an engineered lipid A analogue and a TLR4 agonist. This formulation was administered intranasally (IN) to young and elderly mice to determine its potency across a diverse age-range. The elderly mice were used to mimic the infection seen in elderly humans, who are more susceptible to serious Pa disease compared to their young adult counterparts. After Pa infection, mice immunized with ExlA/L-PaF/BECC/ME displayed a T cell-mediated adaptive response while PBS-vaccinated mice experienced a rapid onset inflammatory response. Important genes and pathways were observed, which give rise to an anti-Pa immune response. Thus, this vaccine has the potential to protect aged individuals in our population from serious Pa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaki R. Howlader
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Rahul Shubhra Mandal
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Suhrid Maiti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zackary K. Dietz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sayan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean K. Whittier
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | - Satabdi Biswas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - David J. Varisco
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francesca M. Gardner
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William D. Picking
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Wendy L. Picking
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Hafion, Inc., Lawrence, KS, United States
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Echeverri Tribin F, Williams E, Testamarck V, Carreño JM, Bielak D, Yellin T, Krammer F, Hoffer M, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa S. Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292566. [PMID: 38564600 PMCID: PMC10987003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rd and 4th doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Echeverri Tribin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeska Testamarck
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dominika Bielak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Temima Yellin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Hoffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Ross JB, Myers LM, Noh JJ, Collins MM, Carmody AB, Messer RJ, Dhuey E, Hasenkrug KJ, Weissman IL. Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity. Nature 2024; 628:162-170. [PMID: 38538791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Ageing of the immune system is characterized by decreased lymphopoiesis and adaptive immunity, and increased inflammation and myeloid pathologies1,2. Age-related changes in populations of self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to underlie these phenomena3. During youth, HSCs with balanced output of lymphoid and myeloid cells (bal-HSCs) predominate over HSCs with myeloid-biased output (my-HSCs), thereby promoting the lymphopoiesis required for initiating adaptive immune responses, while limiting the production of myeloid cells, which can be pro-inflammatory4. Ageing is associated with increased proportions of my-HSCs, resulting in decreased lymphopoiesis and increased myelopoiesis3,5,6. Transfer of bal-HSCs results in abundant lymphoid and myeloid cells, a stable phenotype that is retained after secondary transfer; my-HSCs also retain their patterns of production after secondary transfer5. The origin and potential interconversion of these two subsets is still unclear. If they are separate subsets postnatally, it might be possible to reverse the ageing phenotype by eliminating my-HSCs in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that antibody-mediated depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline. Depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice improves primary and secondary adaptive immune responses to viral infection. These findings may have relevance to the understanding and intervention of diseases exacerbated or caused by dominance of the haematopoietic system by my-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Ross
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara M Myers
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Aaron B Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald J Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Erica Dhuey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Wang Z, Du M, Cao H, Yao H, Liu B, Bai Y, Geng H, Jia Z, Liu Y. Epidemiology and risk factors of nosocomial infections in a Chinese tertiary-care hospital: a 10-year retrospective case-control study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:320-329. [PMID: 38317598 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2310647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial infections (NIs) are the most frequent adverse events among patients and cause a heavy burden on both health and economics. To investigate epidemiology of NIs and identify risk factors for NIs by integrating continuous long-term surveillance data. METHODS We performed an observational study among inpatients at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Infection rates, mortality rates and percentage of NIs were calculated. Trends of yearly infection rates by pathogens were assessed using Mann-Kendall trend test. Controls were matched to cases (2:1) by age (±2 years), sex, admission date (±1 year) and admission diagnosis, and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. RESULTS A total of 1,534,713 inpatients were included among which 33,468 NIs cases occurred with an infection rate of 2.18%. The most common infections were respiratory system infection (52.22%), bloodstream infection (17.60%), and genitourinary system infection (15.62%). Acinetobacter. baumannii (9.6%), Klebsiella. pneumoniae (9.0%), Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (8.6%), Escherichia. coli (8.6%) and Enterococcus. faecium (5.0%) were the top five isolated pathogens. Infection rates of K. pneumoniae and carbapenems-resistant K. pneumoniae significantly increased. Prior ICU stay, surgery, any device placement (including central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, and tracheotomy), prior use of triple or more antibiotics combinations, carbapenem, and β-Lactamase inhibitors were significantly associated with NIs. CONCLUSION K. pneumoniae has the potential to cause a clinical crisis with increasing infection rates and carbapenem resistance. Clinical management of invasive operations and antibiotics use should be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Du
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Yao
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Liu
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Bai
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Geng
- Network Security and Information Technology Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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R K, Kumar A, Vinod Kumar K, Sengupta A, Kundal K, Sharma S, Pawar A, Krishna PS, Alfatah M, Ray S, Tiwari B, Kumar R. AagingBase: a comprehensive database of anti-aging peptides. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae016. [PMID: 38470883 PMCID: PMC10930205 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The process of aging is an intrinsic and inevitable aspect of life that impacts every living organism. As biotechnological advancements continue to shape our understanding of medicine, peptide therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for anti-aging interventions. This is primarily due to their favorable attributes, such as low immunogenicity and cost-effective production. Peptide-based treatments have garnered widespread acceptance and interest in aging research, particularly in the context of age-related therapies. To effectively develop anti-aging treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of anti-aging peptides is essential. Factors such as amino acid composition, instability index, hydrophobic areas and other relevant properties significantly determine their efficacy as potential therapeutic agents. Consequently, the creation of 'AagingBase', a comprehensive database for anti-aging peptides, aims to facilitate research on aging by leveraging the potential of peptide therapies. AagingBase houses experimentally validated 282 anti-aging peptides collected from 54 research articles and 236 patents. Employing state-of-the-art computational techniques, the acquired sequences have undergone rigorous physicochemical calculations. Furthermore, AagingBase presents users with various informative analyses highlighting atomic compositions, secondary structure fractions, tertiary structure, amino acid compositions and frequencies. The database also offers advanced search and filtering options and similarity search, thereby aiding researchers in understanding their biological functions. Hence, the database enables efficient identification and prioritization of potential peptide candidates in geriatric medicine and holds immense potential for advancing geriatric medicine research and innovations. AagingBase can be accessed without any restriction. Database URL: https://project.iith.ac.in/cgntlab/aagingbase/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjulakshmi R
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Keerthana Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Avik Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Kavita Kundal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Simran Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Ankita Pawar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Pithani Sai Krishna
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Bhavana Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Guo L, Liu L, Liu Y, Yang T, Wang G, Liu J, Li S, Cai J. Development of a prognostic model for long-term survival of young patients with bladder cancer: a retrospective analysis of the SEER Database. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080092. [PMID: 38458812 PMCID: PMC10928756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to present the clinical characteristics of young patients with bladder cancer (YBCa), evaluate related risk factors and construct a nomogram based on data acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the SEER Database (2004-2015) for primary YBCa. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data for YBCa (defined as those aged 40 years or younger) were extracted from the SEER Database, which covers approximately 28% of the US population, using the SEER*Stat software (V.8.4.0.1). A total of 1233 YBCa were identified. Patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets. The database included clinicopathological features, demographic information and survival outcomes, such as age, gender, race, year of diagnosis, marital status at diagnosis, primary tumour site, histological type, tumour grade, tumour, node, metastases (TNM) staging, treatment regimen for the primary tumour, cause of death and survival time. A nomogram model was developed using univariate and multivariate analyses. The prediction model was validated using the consistency index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic curve. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES 3-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS 1233 YBCa from 2004 to 2015 were randomly assigned to the training set (n=865) and validation set (n=368). Age, marital status, tumour grade, histological type and TNM staging were included in the nomogram. The C-index of the model was 0.876. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS area under the curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.949, 0.923 and 0.856, and 0.919, 0.890 and 0.904, respectively. Calibration plots showed that the nomogram had a robust predictive accuracy. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a precise nomogram predicting the 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS in YBCa based on multivariate analyses. Our nomogram may serve as a valuable reference for future diagnostics and individualised treatments for YBCa. However, external validation is warranted to assess the accuracy and generalisability of our prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiong Guo
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Urology, Baoding No 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Prostate & Andrology Key Laboratory, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Suwei Li
- YETEM Biotechnology Hebei Corporation, Ltd, Zhengding Area of Hebei Free Trade Zone, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Surgery, Department of Oncology & Immunotherapy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Zhou D, Byers LA, Sable B, Smit MAD, Sadraei NH, Dutta S, Upreti VV. Clinical Pharmacology Profile of AMG 119, the First Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) Cell Therapy Targeting Delta-Like Ligand 3 (DLL3), in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:362-370. [PMID: 37694295 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
With the promise of a potentially single-dose curative regimen, CAR-T cell therapies have brought a paradigm shift in the treatment and management of hematological malignancies with 6 approved products in the USA. However, there are no approved CAR-T cell therapies for solid tumors. Herein, we report the clinical pharmacology profile of AMG 119, the first CAR-T cell therapy targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). AMG 119 demonstrated robust cellular expansion with long-lasting cell persistence and a favorable exposure-response relationship. AMG 119 has been demonstrated to be clinically safe and well tolerated at the doses tested, with no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) reported. This is the first publication of the clinical pharmacology profile of a CAR-T cell therapy in SCLC, with encouraging cellular kinetics data supporting the potential for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumor space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling & Simulation, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beate Sable
- Clinical Biomarker, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandeep Dutta
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling & Simulation, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Vijay V Upreti
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling & Simulation, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Jalaleddini K, Bermel RA, Talente B, Weinstein D, Qureshi F, Rasmussen M, Menon S, Amarapala M, Jordan K, Ghoreyshi A, McCurdy S, Edgeworth M. A US payer perspective health economic model assessing value of monitoring disease activity to inform discontinuation and re-initiation of DMT in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2024; 30:432-442. [PMID: 38374525 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241227372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluate the potential clinical and cost impacts of discontinuing disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) when age-related immunosenescence can reduce DMT efficacy while increasing associated risks. METHODS A Markov model simulated clinical and cost impacts to the patient and payers when a proportion of eligible patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) discontinue DMT. Eligibility was defined as age >55 years, an RRMS diagnosis of >5 years, and no history of relapses for 5 years. Increasing the proportion of eligible patients willing to discontinue therapy was also modeled. Clinical and cost inputs were from published literature. RESULTS Difference in EDSS progression between eligible patients who did and did not attempt discontinuation was not significant. After 1 year of eligibility, per-patient costs were $96k lower in the cohort that attempted discontinuation; however a higher proportion of relapses were seen in this group. When the proportion of patients willing to discontinue DMT increased, clinical findings remained consistent while the average cost per patient decreased. CONCLUSION While there are increased clinical and cost benefits as more eligible patients attempt discontinuation, the risk of relapses can increase. Timely disease monitoring is required to manage safe DMT discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Bermel
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sreeranjani Menon
- Boston Healthcare Associates, Inc. (now a Veranex company), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miyuru Amarapala
- Boston Healthcare Associates, Inc. (now a Veranex company), Boston, MA, USA
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Durand A, Bonilla N, Level T, Ginestet Z, Lombès A, Guichard V, Germain M, Jacques S, Letourneur F, Do Cruzeiro M, Marchiol C, Renault G, Le Gall M, Charvet C, Le Bon A, Martin B, Auffray C, Lucas B. Type 1 interferons and Foxo1 down-regulation play a key role in age-related T-cell exhaustion in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1718. [PMID: 38409097 PMCID: PMC10897180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxo family transcription factors are critically involved in multiple processes, such as metabolism, quiescence, cell survival and cell differentiation. Although continuous, high activity of Foxo transcription factors extends the life span of some species, the involvement of Foxo proteins in mammalian aging remains to be determined. Here, we show that Foxo1 is down-regulated with age in mouse T cells. This down-regulation of Foxo1 in T cells may contribute to the disruption of naive T-cell homeostasis with age, leading to an increase in the number of memory T cells. Foxo1 down-regulation is also associated with the up-regulation of co-inhibitory receptors by memory T cells and exhaustion in aged mice. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we show that the age-dependent down-regulation of Foxo1 in T cells is mediated by T-cell-extrinsic cues, including type 1 interferons. Taken together, our data suggest that type 1 interferon-induced Foxo1 down-regulation is likely to contribute significantly to T-cell dysfunction in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durand
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Bonilla
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Théo Level
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Zoé Ginestet
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lombès
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Guichard
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Germain
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Marchiol
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Céline Charvet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Le Bon
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Martin
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Auffray
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, 75014, Paris, France.
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Kibirige D, Andia-Biraro I, Olum R, Adakun S, Zawedde-Muyanja S, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Kimuli I. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity in an adult Ugandan population. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38389045 PMCID: PMC10885501 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a direct impact on the clinical manifestation and prognosis of active tuberculosis disease (TB) and is known to increase the chance of developing the condition. We sought to determine the prevalence of DM in adult Ugandan patients with recently diagnosed TB and the associated sociodemographic, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of TB-DM comorbidity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted at the adult TB treatment centres of three tertiary healthcare facilities in Uganda, we screened adult participants with recently diagnosed TB (diagnosed in < 2 months) for DM. All participants were screened with five tests; initially with a random blood glucose (RBG) test, and then later with fasting blood glucose (FBG), laboratory-based glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), point-of-care (POC) HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if the RBG was ≥ 6.1 mmol/l. The WHO guidelines for diagnosing and managing DM were used to support the DM diagnosis. To identify the factors associated with DM-TB comorbidity, logistic regression was used. RESULTS A total of 232 participants with recently diagnosed TB were screened for DM. Of these, 160 (69%) were female. The median (IQR) age, body mass index, and RBG of all study participants was 35 (27-42) years, 19.2 (17.6-21.3) kg/m2, and 6.1 (5.5-7.2) mmol/l, respectively. About half of the participants (n = 117, 50.4%) had RBG level ≥ 6.1 mmol/l. Of these, 75 (64.1%) participants returned for re-testing. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 32 participants, corresponding to a prevalence of 13.8% (95% CI 9.9-18.9). A new diagnosis of DM was noted in 29 (90.6%) participants. On logistic regression, age ≥ 40 years was associated with increased odds of TB and DM comorbidity (AOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.35-7.23, p = 0.008) while HIV coinfection was protective (AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.74, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION TB and DM comorbidity was relatively common in this study population. Routine screening for DM in adult Ugandan patients with recently diagnosed TB especially among those aged ≥ 40 years and HIV-negative patients should be encouraged in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Kibirige
- Department of Medicine, Uganda Martyrs Hospital Lubaga, Kampala, Uganda.
- Non-communicable Diseases Program, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Irene Andia-Biraro
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan Adakun
- Adult Tuberculosis ward, Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stella Zawedde-Muyanja
- The Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ivan Kimuli
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
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Akazawa H, Hagiya H, Koyama T, Otsuka F. Trends in the Incidence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Japan: A Nationwide Observational Study, 2015-2021. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:8. [PMID: 38231420 PMCID: PMC10794261 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcus species can cause severe disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. This study investigated the epidemiological features and trends in disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan. METHODS We used publicly available Infectious Diseases Weekly Reports to obtain data on the incidence of disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan from 2015 to 2021. Patient information, including age, sex, and regional and seasonal data, were extracted. The Joinpoint regression program was used to determine the age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) per 100,000 population, annual percentage change (APC), and average APC (AAPC). RESULTS A total of 1047 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis were reported, of which those aged ≥ 70 years accounted for 68.8%. The AAR in men was significantly higher than that in women (median: 0.13 vs. 0.09: p = 0.0024). APC for the overall cases increased by 9.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] - 5.4-27.7) from 2015 to 2018 and then decreased by 3.3% (95% CI - 15.5-10.7) from 2018 to 2021. AAPC for the entire study period was 3.1% (95% CI - 1.5-8.0), indicating a possible increase in its number, although not statistically significant. In terms of regional distribution, the average AAR was highest in Shikoku District (0.17) and lowest in Hokkaido District (0.04). Northern Japan exhibited a significantly lower median AAR (median [interquartile range]: 0.06 [0.05, 0.08]) than the Eastern (0.12 [0.12, 0.13]), Western (0.11 [0.10, 0.13]), and Southern (0.14 [0.12, 0.15]) regions. No seasonal variation in incidence was observed. CONCLUSION The prevalence of disseminated cryptococcosis has not increased in Japan. Geographically, the incidence is lower in Northern Japan. Further investigations that incorporate detailed clinical data are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Akazawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Koyama
- Department of Health Data Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Yang KY, Liao J, Ma Z, Tse HF, Lu L, Graca L, Lui KO. Single-cell transcriptomics of Treg reveals hallmarks and trajectories of immunological aging. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:19-35. [PMID: 37675661 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related immunosenescence is characterized by progressive dysfunction of adaptive immune response and increased autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the impact of aging on CD4+ regulatory T cells that are master regulators of the immune system remains largely unclear. Here, we report cellular and molecular hallmarks of regulatory T cells derived from murine lymphoid and adipose tissues at 3, 18, and 24 mo of age, respectively, by analyzing their heterogeneity that displays dynamic changes in transcriptomic effector signatures at a single-cell resolution. Although the proportion of regulatory T cells among total Cd4+ T cells, as well as their expression levels of Foxp3, did not show any global change with time, we have identified 6 transcriptomically distinct clusters of regulatory T cells with cross-tissue conserved hallmarks of aging, including increased numbers of proinflammatory regulatory T cells, reduced precursor cells, increased immature and mature T follicular regulatory cells potentially supported by a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, a gradual loss of CD150hi regulatory T cells that support hematopoiesis, and increased adipose tissue-specific regulatory T cells that are associated with metabolic disease. To dissect the impact of immunosenescence on humoral immunity, we propose some potential mechanisms underlying T follicular regulatory cell-mediated dysfunction by interactome analysis on T follicular regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells, and B cells during aging. Lastly, spatiotemporal analysis further revealed trajectories of regulatory T-cell aging that demonstrate the most significant changes in marrow and adipose tissues that might contribute to the development of age-related immunosenescence and type 2 diabetes. Taken together, our findings could provide a better understanding of age-associated regulatory T-cell heterogeneity in lymphoid and adipose tissues, as well as regulatory T-cell hallmarks during progressive adaptation to aging that could be therapeutically targeted for rejuvenating the aging immune system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangjing Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10 2nd Yuexin Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Aging Hallmarks and Progression and Age-Related Diseases: A Landscape View of Research Advancement. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1-30. [PMID: 38095562 PMCID: PMC10767750 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a dynamic, time-dependent process that is characterized by a gradual accumulation of cell damage. Continual functional decline in the intrinsic ability of living organisms to accurately regulate homeostasis leads to increased susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases. Many efforts have been put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Thus, the major cellular and molecular hallmarks of aging have been identified, and their relationships to age-related diseases and malfunctions have been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent aging-related research. We review the advances in knowledge and delineate trends in research advancements on aging factors and attributes across time and geography. We also review the current concepts related to the major aging hallmarks on the molecular, cellular, and organismic level, age-associated diseases, with attention to brain aging and brain health, as well as the major biochemical processes associated with aging. Major age-related diseases have been outlined, and their correlations with the major aging features and attributes are explored. We hope this review will be helpful for apprehending the current knowledge in the field of aging mechanisms and progression, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges and fulfill its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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Chen X, Xiang F, Cao X, Lv W, Shen B, Zou J, Ding X. Immunological features of ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis of various ages. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:313-323. [PMID: 37358762 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the immunological characteristics of hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) of various ages, and the impact of age-related immune alterations on these patients, with a focus on peripheral T cells. METHODS From September 2016 to September 2019, HD patients were enrolled and followed prospectively for 3 years. Patients were divided into three groups based on their ages: < 45, 45 to 64, and ≥ 65. The distribution of T cell subsets in different age groups was investigated and compared. The effects of altered T cell subsets on overall survival were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 371 HD patients were enrolled. The reduced number of naive CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001) and increased number of EMRA CD8+ T cells (P = 0.024) were independently associated with the advanced age among all T cell subsets studied. Patient survival may be affected by numerical changes in naive CD8+ T cells. However, when HD patients were < 45 or ≥ 65 years, the reduction had no significant impact on survival. Only in HD patients aged 45 to 64 years, the number of naïve CD8+ T cells found to be insufficient but not deficient, identified as an independent predictor of poor survival. CONCLUSIONS The most significant age-related immune change in HD patients was a decrease in peripheral naive CD8+ T cells, which was an independent predictor of 3-year overall survival in HD patients aged 45 ~ 64 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHong Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - FangFang Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - XueSen Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - WenLv Lv
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - JianZhou Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoQiang Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.
- Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.
- Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Morrocchi E, van Haren S, Palma P, Levy O. Modeling human immune responses to vaccination in vitro. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:32-47. [PMID: 38135599 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system is a complex network of coordinated components that are crucial for health and disease. Animal models, commonly used to study immunomodulatory agents, are limited by species-specific differences, low throughput, and ethical concerns. In contrast, in vitro modeling of human immune responses can enable species- and population-specific mechanistic studies and translational development within the same study participant. Translational accuracy of in vitro models is enhanced by accounting for genetic, epigenetic, and demographic features such as age, sex, and comorbidity. This review explores various human in vitro immune models, considers evidence that they may resemble human in vivo responses, and assesses their potential to accelerate and de-risk vaccine discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Zhivodernikov IV, Markina YV, Kirichenko TV, Popov MA, Markin AM. Exosomes as a potential therapeutic approach in osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1309015. [PMID: 38173718 PMCID: PMC10763248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1309015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles that play a key role in inter- and intracellular communication. Currently they are considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various diseases. In osteoimmunology, exosomes can serve as biomarkers of bone homeostasis disorders and, at the same time, promising therapeutic agents with high stability in the biological environment, low immunogenicity and good bioavailability. In this review, we attempted to examine exosomes as natural mediators of intercellular communication, playing an essential role in the interaction of the immune system and bone tissue, based on an analysis of the PubMed database up to October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Zhivodernikov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Poples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Baralle M, Romano M. Age-Related Alternative Splicing: Driver or Passenger in the Aging Process? Cells 2023; 12:2819. [PMID: 38132139 PMCID: PMC10742131 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing changes are closely linked to aging, though it remains unclear if they are drivers or effects. As organisms age, splicing patterns change, varying gene isoform levels and functions. These changes may contribute to aging alterations rather than just reflect declining RNA quality control. Three main splicing types-intron retention, cassette exons, and cryptic exons-play key roles in age-related complexity. These events modify protein domains and increase nonsense-mediated decay, shifting protein isoform levels and functions. This may potentially drive aging or serve as a biomarker. Fluctuations in splicing factor expression also occur with aging. Somatic mutations in splicing genes can also promote aging and age-related disease. The interplay between splicing and aging has major implications for aging biology, though differentiating correlation and causation remains challenging. Declaring a splicing factor or event as a driver requires comprehensive evaluation of the associated molecular and physiological changes. A greater understanding of how RNA splicing machinery and downstream targets are impacted by aging is essential to conclusively establish the role of splicing in driving aging, representing a promising area with key implications for understanding aging, developing novel therapeutical options, and ultimately leading to an increase in the healthy human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Zhang M, Zhao C, Cheng Q, Xu J, Xu N, Yu L, Feng W. A score-based method of immune status evaluation for healthy individuals with complete blood cell counts. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:467. [PMID: 38082403 PMCID: PMC10714576 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the COVID-19 outbreak, an increasing number of individuals are concerned about their health, particularly their immune status. However, as of now, there is no available algorithm that effectively assesses the immune status of normal, healthy individuals. In response to this, a new score-based method is proposed that utilizes complete blood cell counts (CBC) to provide early warning of disease risks, such as COVID-19. METHODS First, data on immune-related CBC measurements from 16,715 healthy individuals were collected. Then, a three-platform model was developed to normalize the data, and a Gaussian mixture model was optimized with expectation maximization (EM-GMM) to cluster the immune status of healthy individuals. Based on the results, Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to determine the correlation of each CBC index with the immune status. Consequently, a weighted sum model was constructed to calculate a continuous immunity score, enabling the evaluation of immune status. RESULTS The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the immunity score and the age of healthy individuals, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, a nonlinear polynomial regression model was developed to depict this trend. By comparing an individual's immune status with the reference value corresponding to their age, their immune status can be evaluated. CONCLUSION In summary, this study has established a novel model for evaluating the immune status of healthy individuals, providing a good approach for early detection of abnormal immune status in healthy individuals. It is helpful in early warning of the risk of infectious diseases and of significant importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengkui Zhao
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weixing Feng
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China.
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Alshebib Y, Hori T, Goel A, Fauzi AA, Kashiwagi T. Adult human neurogenesis: A view from two schools of thought. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:342-347. [PMID: 38025659 PMCID: PMC10665662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Are we truly losing neurons as we grow older? If yes, why, and how can the lost neurons be replaced or compensated for? Is so-called adult neurogenesis (ANG) still a controversial process, particularly in the human cerebral cortex? How do adult-born neurons -if proven to exist- contribute to brain functions? Is adult neurogenesis a disease-relevant process, meaning that neural progenitor cells are dormant in adulthood, but they may be reactivated, for example, following stroke? Is the earnest hope to cure neurological diseases justifying the readiness to accept ANG claim uncritically? These are all fundamental issues that have not yet been firmly explained. Although it is completely understandable that some researchers believe that we can add new neurons to our inevitably deteriorating brain, the brain regeneration process still possesses intellectually and experimentally diverting views, as until now, there has been significant confusion about the concept of ANG. This paper is not intended to be an extensively analytical review distilling all findings and conclusions presented in the ANG literature. Instead, it is an attempt to discuss the commonly entertained opinions and then present our reflective insight concerning the current status quo of the field, which might help redirect research questions, avoid marketing an exaggerated hope, and more importantly, save the ever-limited resources, namely, intellectuals' time, facilities, and grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Alshebib
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo 134–0088, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Hori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo 134–0088, Japan
| | - Atul Goel
- Department of Neurosurgery. K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asra Al Fauzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6–8, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Taichi Kashiwagi
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Askari A, Zangooie A, Shoorei H, Pourmoshtagh H, Taheri M. Non-coding RNA profile for natural killer cell activity. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101935. [PMID: 37806642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocytes which are involved in innate immunity, alongside with assisting with adaptive immune response. Since they have cytotoxic effects, disruptions in their functionality and development leads to a variety of conditions, whether malignant or non-malignant. The profile and interaction of these non-coding RNAs and NK cells in different conditions is extensively studied, and it is now approved that if dysregulated, non-coding RNAs have detrimental effects on NK cell activity and can contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse disorders. In this review, we aim at a thorough inspection on the role of different non-coding RNAs on the activity and development of NK cells, in a broad spectrum of conditions, including blood-related disorders, viral infections, neurological diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, lung disorders, reproductive system conditions and other types of maladies, alongside with providing insight to the future non-coding RNA-NK cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zangooie
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hasan Pourmoshtagh
- Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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