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Caini S, Assedi M, Bendinelli B, Ermini I, Facchini L, Fontana M, Liedl D, Palli D, Pastore E, Querci A, Saieva C, Masala G. Dietary habits, lifestyles, and overall adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations among adult women in the EPIC-Florence cohort: Changes from adulthood to older age and differences across birth cohorts. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100242. [PMID: 38643601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We aimed to examine changes in dietary habits, lifestyles (e.g., smoking, physical activity levels, and alcohol intake), anthropometry, other individual health-relevant characteristics, and overall adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, among women enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Florence cohort. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS We fitted age- and energy intake-adjusted generalized linear models to describe (a) changes occurring over a person's lifetime in the transition from adulthood to older age, and (b) differences between women aged 56-60 years belonging to two birth cohorts spaced apart by around 25 years (born in 1933-1941 vs. 1958-1964). RESULTS Dietary habits and overall adherence to cancer prevention recommendations improved among women (n = 3,309) followed from adulthood to older age (mean age 47.4 and 71.8 years, respectively), despite increases in the prevalence of adiposity and sedentary lifestyle. Women in the younger birth cohort (n = 163) showed significantly greater overall adherence to cancer prevention recommendations than in the older birth cohort (n = 355), but had more often a positive smoking history and an average larger waist circumference. CONCLUSION A trend toward better adherence to cancer prevention recommendations emerged when analyzing adult-to-older-age trajectories and differences across birth cohort, yet some critical issues were also identified. Continuous monitoring is essential to detect changing prevention needs and adapt public health policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Fontana
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Liedl
- Medical Specialization School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Pastore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Querci
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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Krauskopf J, Eggermont K, Caiment F, Verfaillie C, de Kok TM. Molecular insights into PCB neurotoxicity: Comparing transcriptomic responses across dopaminergic neurons, population blood cells, and Parkinson's disease pathology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108642. [PMID: 38608384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by genetic factors and environmental exposures. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of synthetic organic compounds, have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. We explored PCB-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms using iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons and assessed their transcriptomic responses to varying PCB concentrations (0.01 μM, 0.5 μM, and 10 μM). Specifically, we focused on PCB-180, a congener known for its accumulation in human brains. The exposure durations were 24 h and 74 h, allowing us to capture both short-term and more prolonged effects on gene expression patterns. We observed that PCB exposure led to the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, synaptic function, and neurotransmitter release, implicating these pathways in PCB-induced neurotoxicity. In our comparative analysis, we noted similarities in PCB-induced changes with other PD-related compounds like MPP+ and rotenone. Our findings also aligned with gene expression changes in human blood derived from a population exposed to PCBs, highlighting broader inflammatory responses. Additionally, molecular patterns seen in iPSC-derived neurons were confirmed in postmortem PD brain tissues, validating our in vitro results. In conclusion, our study offers novel insights into the multifaceted impacts of PCB-induced perturbations on various cellular contexts relevant to PD. The use of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons allowed us to decipher intricate transcriptomic alterations, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo findings. This work underscores the potential role of PCB exposure in neurodegenerative diseases like PD, emphasizing the need to consider both systemic and cell specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. %
| | - Kristel Eggermont
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Caiment
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bendinelli B, Caini S, Assedi M, Ermini I, Pastore E, Facchini L, Gilio MA, Duroni G, Fontana M, Querci A, Ambrogetti D, Saieva C, Masala G. Cigarette smoking and mammographic breast density in post-menopausal women from the EPIC Florence cohort. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1335645. [PMID: 38515572 PMCID: PMC10955064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1335645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoking has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer (BC) also if the biological mechanism remains poorly understood. High mammographic breast density (MBD) is associated with BC risk and many BC risk factors, such as genetic, anthropometric, reproductive and lifestyle factors and age, are also able to modulate MBD. The aim of the present study was to prospectively explore, in post-menopausal women, the association between smoking habits and MBD, assessed using an automated software, considering duration and intensity of smoking. Methods The analysis was carried out in 3,774 women enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Florence cohort in 1993-98, participating in the 2004-06 follow up (FU) and with at least one full-field digital mammography (FFDM) performed after FU. For each woman, detailed information on smoking habits, anthropometry, lifestyle and reproductive history was collected at enrollment and at FU. Smoking information at baseline and at FU was integrated. The fully automated Volpara™ software was used to obtain total breast volume (cm3), absolute breast dense volume (DV, cm3) and volumetric percent density (VPD, %) from the first available FFDM (average 5.3 years from FU). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between smoking habits and VPD or DV. Results An inverse association between smoking exposure and VPD emerged (Diff% -7.96%, p <0.0001 for current smokers and -3.92%, p 0.01 for former smokers, compared with non-smokers). An inverse dose-response relationship with number of cigarettes/day, years of smoking duration and lifetime smoking exposure (pack-years) and a direct association with time since smoking cessation among former smokers emerged. Similar associations, with an attenuated effect, emerged when DV was considered as the outcome variable. Discussion This longitudinal study confirms the inverse association between active smoking, a known risk factor for BC, and MBD among post-menopausal women. The inclusion of smoking habits in the existing BC risk prediction models could be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Pastore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Gilio
- Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Duroni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Querci
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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Grigoryan H, Imani P, Sacerdote C, Masala G, Grioni S, Tumino R, Chiodini P, Dudoit S, Vineis P, Rappaport SM. HSA Adductomics Reveals Sex Differences in NHL Incidence and Possible Involvement of Microbial Translocation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1217-1226. [PMID: 37409972 PMCID: PMC10529301 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The higher incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in males is not well understood. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as causes of NHL, they cannot be measured directly in archived blood. METHODS We performed untargeted adductomics of stable ROS adducts in human serum albumin (HSA) from 67 incident NHL cases and 82 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy cohort. Regression and classification methods were employed to select features associated with NHL in all subjects and in males and females separately. RESULTS Sixty seven HSA-adduct features were quantified by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry at Cys34 (n = 55) and Lys525 (n = 12). Three features were selected for association with NHL in all subjects, while seven were selected for males and five for females with minimal overlap. Two selected features were more abundant in cases and seven in controls, suggesting that altered homeostasis of ROS may affect NHL incidence. Heat maps revealed differential clustering of features between sexes, suggesting differences in operative pathways. CONCLUSIONS Adduct clusters dominated by Cys34 oxidation products and disulfides further implicate ROS and redox biology in the etiology of NHL. Sex differences in dietary and alcohol consumption also help to explain the limited overlap of feature selection between sexes. Intriguingly, a disulfide of methanethiol from enteric microbial metabolism was more abundant in male cases, thereby implicating microbial translocation as a potential contributor to NHL in males. IMPACT Only two of the ROS adducts associated with NHL overlapped between sexes and one adduct implicates microbial translocation as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Grigoryan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Partow Imani
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute of Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE-ONLUS, 97100, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, Norfolk Place London W21PG, UK
| | - Stephen M. Rappaport
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
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Bendinelli B, Masala G, Bella CD, Assedi M, Benagiano M, Pratesi S, Ermini I, Occhini D, Castaldo M, Saieva C, Caini S, D'Elios MM, Palli D. Adipocytokine plasma level changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1185-1194. [PMID: 36454365 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines are signaling molecules secreted by adipose tissue contributing to the control of body fat, energy expenditure and secretion of insulin and cytokines. They have been related to the development of obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Diet and physical activity (PA) may have beneficial effects on their level. We evaluated the effects of a 24-month dietary and/or PA intervention on plasma levels of adipocytokines as a secondary analysis in the DAMA (Diet, physical Activity and Mammography) trial. METHODS The 234 study participants (healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density, 50-69 years, non-smokers, no hormone therapy) were randomised to four arms: (1) isocaloric dietary intervention mainly based on plant-foods; (2) moderate-intensity PA intervention with at least 1 h/week of supervised strenuous activity; (3) both interventions; (4) general recommendations on healthy dietary and PA patterns. Leptin, resistin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Analyses were performed using Tobit regression. RESULTS After 24 months, women randomised to PA intervention (arms #2 + #3) showed significant lower level of leptin (37.5% lower) and resistin (65.6% lower) compared to the control group (arms #1 + #4). No significant differences emerged in adiponectin levels. No significant differences in leptin, resistin and adiponectin levels at follow-up emerged in women randomised to the dietary intervention (arms #1 + #3) in comparison with controls (arms #2 + #4). CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness of PA, even at moderate intensity, in improving the leptin and resistin profile in postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN28492718, date of trial registration 17/05/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Occhini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Castaldo
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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Masala G, Bendinelli B, Caini S, Duroni G, Ermini I, Pastore E, Fontana M, Facchini L, Querci A, Gilio MA, Mazzalupo V, Assedi M, Ambrogetti D, Palli D. Lifetime changes in body fatness and breast density in postmenopausal women: the FEDRA study. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:35. [PMID: 37004102 PMCID: PMC10067176 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mammographic breast density (MBD) is an established risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Body fatness conveys an increased BC risk in postmenopause but is associated with less dense breasts. Here, we studied the relationship between body fatness and breast composition within the FEDRA (Florence-EPIC Digital mammographic density and breast cancer Risk Assessment) longitudinal study. METHODS Repeated anthropometric data and MBD parameters (obtained through an automated software on BC screening digital mammograms) were available for all participants, as well as information on other BC risk factors. Multivariate linear regression and functional data analysis were used to longitudinally evaluate the association of body fatness, and changes thereof over time, with dense (DV) and non-dense (NDV) breast volumes and volumetric percent density (VPD). RESULTS A total of 5,262 women were included, with anthropometric data available at 20 and 40 years of age, at EPIC baseline (mean 49.0 years), and an average of 9.4 years thereafter. The mean number of mammograms per woman was 3.3 (SD 1.6). Body fatness (and increases thereof) at any age was positively associated with DV and NDV (the association being consistently stronger for the latter), and inversely associated with VPD. For instance, an increase by 1 kg/year between the age of 40 years and EPIC baseline was significantly associated with 1.97% higher DV, 8.85% higher NDV, and 5.82% lower VPD. CONCLUSION Body fatness and its increase from young adulthood until midlife are inversely associated with volumetric percent density, but positively associated with dense and non-dense breast volumes in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Duroni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Pastore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Querci
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Gilio
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzalupo
- Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Veccio 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Caini S, Cozzolino F, Saieva C, Aprea MC, De Bonfioli Cavalcabo' N, Ermini I, Assedi M, Biagiotti D, Trane C, Facchini L, Bendinelli B, Palli D, Masala G. Serum heavy metals and breast cancer risk: A case-control study nested in the Florence cohort of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition) study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160568. [PMID: 36464039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to heavy metals is of concern for its potential carcinogenic effect. An association with increased breast cancer (BC) risk was hypothesized, but literature data are conflicting and the question remains unresolved. We aimed to investigate the association between heavy metals and BC risk in a case-control study nested within the Florence section of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition) cohort. METHODS We included 150 BC cases and an equal number of controls individually matched to cases by age and year of enrolment. In order to avoid confounding by smoking, the study was restricted to never smokers. Serum levels of six heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Tl) were quantified in pre-diagnostic samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via multivariable conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Serum levels of cobalt were inversely associated with BC risk (OR for the comparison of 3rd vs. 1st tertiles: 0.33, 95 % CI 0.12-0.91, p-value 0.033). None of the other heavy metals under study was significantly associated with BC risk in multivariable models. For Cd, Cr, and Tl, over half of the study participants had serum levels below the limit of quantitation. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that exposure to heavy metals is associated with an increased BC risk among never smokers from the general population. The inverse association between cobalt serum levels and BC risk requires confirmation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Flavia Cozzolino
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Aprea
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Toxicology - Public Health Laboratory, Department of Prevention, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Nora De Bonfioli Cavalcabo'
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Davide Biagiotti
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Trane
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Technical Health Professions, Rehabilitation and Prevention, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo Il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Dietary Patterns, Dietary Interventions, and Mammographic Breast Density: A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245312. [PMID: 36558470 PMCID: PMC9781545 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and deadliest malignancy among women. High mammographic breast density (MBD) is an established modifiable risk marker for BC, and it is of interest, for prevention purposes, to consider lifestyle factors that may modulate both MBD and BC risk. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the most up-to-date evidence on the association between diet as a whole and MBD. METHODS We considered as eligible for inclusion in our review (PROSPERO registration code CRD42022335289) the studies published until 31 December 2021, that reported on the association between a priori or a posteriori dietary patterns (in observational studies) or dietary interventions (in randomized controlled trials) and MBD. RESULTS In total, twelve studies were included. MBD tended to be inversely associated with adherence to dietary patterns characterized by high consumption of plant-based foods and low in meat, animal fats, and alcohol, defined both a priori (e.g., Mediterranean diet and WCRF/AICR guidelines) or a posteriori (e.g., "fruit-vegetable-cereal" and "salad-sauce-pasta/grains" patterns). Findings from intervention studies were in fair agreement with those from observational studies. CONCLUSIONS While further studies are needed, we found suggestive evidence that the adoption of a healthy diet is associated with lower MBD.
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Massi MC, Dominoni L, Ieva F, Fiorito G. A Deep Survival EWAS approach estimating risk profile based on pre-diagnostic DNA methylation: An application to breast cancer time to diagnosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009959. [PMID: 36155971 PMCID: PMC9536632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies for cancer biomarker discovery based on pre-diagnostic blood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles, either ignore the explicit modeling of the Time To Diagnosis (TTD), or provide inconsistent results. This lack of consistency is likely due to the limitations of standard EWAS approaches, that model the effect of DNAm at CpG sites on TTD independently. In this work, we aim to identify blood DNAm profiles associated with TTD, with the aim to improve the reliability of the results, as well as their biological meaningfulness. We argue that a global approach to estimate CpG sites effect profile should capture the complex (potentially non-linear) relationships interplaying between sites. To prove our concept, we develop a new Deep Learning-based approach assessing the relevance of individual CpG Islands (i.e., assigning a weight to each site) in determining TTD while modeling their combined effect in a survival analysis scenario. The algorithm combines a tailored sampling procedure with DNAm sites agglomeration, deep non-linear survival modeling and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values estimation to aid robustness of the derived effects profile. The proposed approach deals with the common complexities arising from epidemiological studies, such as small sample size, noise, and low signal-to-noise ratio of blood-derived DNAm. We apply our approach to a prospective case-control study on breast cancer nested in the EPIC Italy cohort and we perform weighted gene-set enrichment analyses to demonstrate the biological meaningfulness of the obtained results. We compared the results of Deep Survival EWAS with those of a traditional EWAS approach, demonstrating that our method performs better than the standard approach in identifying biologically relevant pathways. Blood-derived DNAm profiles could be exploited as new biomarkers for cancer risk stratification and possibly, early detection. This is of particular interest since blood is a convenient tissue to assay for constitutional methylation and its collection is non-invasive. Exploiting pre-diagnostic blood DNAm data opens the further opportunity to investigate the association of DNAm at baseline on cancer risk, modeling the relationship between sites’ methylation and the Time to Diagnosis. Previous studies mostly provide inconsistent results likely due to the limitations of standard EWAS approaches, that model the effect of DNAm at CpG sites on TTD independently. In this work we argue that an approach to estimate single CpG sites’ effect while modeling their combined effect on the survival outcome is needed, and we claim that such approach should capture the complex (potentially non-linear) relationships interplaying between sites. We prove this concept by developing a novel approach to analyze a prospective case-control study on breast cancer nested in the EPIC Italy cohort. A weighted gene set enrichment analysis confirms that our approach outperforms standard EWAS in identifying biologically meaningful pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carlotta Massi
- Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole Foundation, Milan, Italy
- MOX Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing, Dept. of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Dominoni
- MOX Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing, Dept. of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ieva
- Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole Foundation, Milan, Italy
- MOX Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing, Dept. of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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10
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Dietary Intakes of Animal and Plant Proteins and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The EPIC-Italy Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122917. [PMID: 35740583 PMCID: PMC9221300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We prospectively investigated the associations of protein intake with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in middle-aged Italian men and women. Food consumption was assessed by validated Epic semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. Multivariable Cox models stratified by center, age, and sex, adjusted for confounders, estimated the associations of animal and plant protein consumption with CRC risk by subsite. Among 44,824 men and women, we identified 539 incident CRCs after a median follow-up of 14 years. Replacing animal proteins with plant proteins was associated with a decreased risk of rectal (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.92) but not colon cancer. By contrast, replacing animal proteins with plant proteins from high-glycemic-index (GI) foods was associated with an increased risk of proximal and distal (including sigma) colon cancer (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.40) but not when animal proteins were replaced with plant proteins from low-GI foods (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.11). Further evaluation revealed that the increased colon cancer risk was limited to the substitution of proteins from red and processed meat, as well as dairy and eggs, with vegetable proteins from high-GI foods. Participants in the highest quintile of animal protein intake had higher plasma glucose and cholesterol levels than those in the lowest quintile. By contrast, higher intake of plant proteins from low-GI foods was inversely associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels. In conclusion, replacing animal proteins with plant proteins from high-GI foods was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.
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11
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Bendinelli B, Pastore E, Fontana M, Ermini I, Assedi M, Facchini L, Querci A, Caini S, Masala G. A Priori Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity Level, and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116747. [PMID: 35682328 PMCID: PMC9180259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Midlife weight gain and fat distribution changes increase the risk of age-related pathologies. We aimed to explore, in a series of 388 healthy postmenopausal women living in Tuscany, Central Italy, the relationship between three a priori dietary patterns, the level of physical activity (PA), and four body composition measures: body mass index (BMI), percent fat mass (%FM), percent muscle mass (%MM), and waist circumference (WC). Detailed information on lifestyle, including the amount of recreational and household PA, sitting time, and dietary habits were collected through detailed questionnaires, and adherence scores to Greek Modified Mediterranean Diet, Italian Mediterranean Diet (IMD), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet were calculated. The %FM and %MM were estimated via TANITA MC-780MA analyzer. WC and BMI were measured according to standard international protocols. Cross-sectional adjusted regression models showed that increasing adherence to IMD was inversely associated with BMI, %FM, and WC, and directly associated with %MM. Higher levels of recreational PA were associated with lower %FM, BMI, and WC and with higher %MM values. Higher levels of sitting time were associated with higher %FM, BMI, and WC, and lower %MM. Dietary habits and moderate PA confirm their central role in maintaining good health even in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (M.F.); (A.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisa Pastore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (M.F.); (A.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Miriam Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (M.F.); (A.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.E.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.E.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.E.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Querci
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (M.F.); (A.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.E.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (M.F.); (A.Q.); (G.M.)
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12
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Digital Anthropometry for Body Circumference Measurements: European Phenotypic Variations throughout the Decades. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060906. [PMID: 35743690 PMCID: PMC9224732 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes body circumference-based anthropometrics that are in common use for research and in some cases clinical application. These include waist and hip circumference-based central body indices to predict cardiometabolic risk: waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, a body shape index (ABSI), hip index (HI), and body roundness index (BRI). Limb circumference measurements are most often used to assess sarcopenia and include: thigh circumference, calf circumference, and mid-arm circumference. Additionally, this review presents fascinating recent developments in optic-based imaging technologies that have elucidated changes over the last decades in average body size and shape in European populations. The classical apple and pear shape concepts of body shape difference remain useful, but novel and exciting 3-D optical “e-taper” measurements provide a potentially powerful new future vista in anthropometrics.
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Ross JP, van Dijk S, Phang M, Skilton MR, Molloy PL, Oytam Y. Batch-effect detection, correction and characterisation in Illumina HumanMethylation450 and MethylationEPIC BeadChip array data. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:58. [PMID: 35488315 PMCID: PMC9055778 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic technologies can be subject to significant batch-effects which are known to reduce experimental power and to potentially create false positive results. The Illumina Infinium Methylation BeadChip is a popular technology choice for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), but presently, little is known about the nature of batch-effects on these designs. Given the subtlety of biological phenotypes in many EWAS, control for batch-effects should be a consideration.
Results Using the batch-effect removal approaches in the ComBat and Harman software, we examined two in-house datasets and compared results with three large publicly available datasets, (1214 HumanMethylation450 and 1094 MethylationEPIC BeadChips in total), and find that despite various forms of preprocessing, some batch-effects persist. This residual batch-effect is associated with the day of processing, the individual glass slide and the position of the array on the slide. Consistently across all datasets, 4649 probes required high amounts of correction. To understand the impact of this set to EWAS studies, we explored the literature and found three instances where persistently batch-effect prone probes have been reported in abstracts as key sites of differential methylation. As well as batch-effect susceptible probes, we also discover a set of probes which are erroneously corrected. We provide batch-effect workflows for Infinium Methylation data and provide reference matrices of batch-effect prone and erroneously corrected features across the five datasets spanning regionally diverse populations and three commonly collected biosamples (blood, buccal and saliva). Conclusions Batch-effects are ever present, even in high-quality data, and a strategy to deal with them should be part of experimental design, particularly for EWAS. Batch-effect removal tools are useful to reduce technical variance in Infinium Methylation data, but they need to be applied with care and make use of post hoc diagnostic measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01277-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Ross
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Susan van Dijk
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melinda Phang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter L Molloy
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yalchin Oytam
- Clinical Insights and Analytics Unit, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Masala G, Palli D, Ermini I, Occhini D, Facchini L, Sequi L, Castaldo M, Caini S, Bendinelli B, Saieva C, Assedi M, Zanna I. The DAMA25 Study: Feasibility of a Lifestyle Intervention Programme for Cancer Risk Reduction in Young Italian Women with Breast Cancer Family History. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312287. [PMID: 34886036 PMCID: PMC8656952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and physical activity (PA) can modulate sporadic and possibly familial breast cancer (BC) risk. The DAMA25 study is a single-arm 12-month intervention aimed to modify dietary and PA habits in healthy young Italian women with a positive BC family history, categorized as having intermediate or high genetic risk according to NICE (National Institute for Health and Cancer Excellence) guidelines. METHODS Participants, aged 25-49 years, were asked to adopt a diet mainly based on plant-based foods and to increase moderate daily activities combined with 1 h/week of more intense activity. Cooking lessons, collective walks, educational sessions, brochures, booklets and online materials were implemented. Dietary, PA habits and anthropometry were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Changes on dietary, lifestyle habits and anthropometry were evaluated by GLM adjusted for weight reduction counselling aimed to participant with a BMI ≥ 25, age and baseline values of each variable. RESULTS Out of 237 eligible women 107 (45.2%) agreed to participate and among them 98 (91.6%) completed the intervention. The adherence rate of the intervention was 77.8%. We observed a reduction in red and processed meat (p < 0.0001) and cakes consumption (p < 0.0001). Consumption of whole grain bread (p < 0.001), leafy vegetables (p = 0.01) and olive oil (p = 0.04) increased. We observed an increase in moderate (p < 0.0001) and more intense (p < 0.0001) recreational activities, an average 1.4 kg weight loss (p = 0.005), a reduction of waist circumference (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The DAMA25 study shows that it is feasible an intervention to improve in the short-term dietary and PA habits and anthropometry in women with high BC familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-416942 (ext. 704)
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Daniela Occhini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Luigi Facchini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Lisa Sequi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Maria Castaldo
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ines Zanna
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.P.); (I.E.); (D.O.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.A.); (I.Z.)
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15
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Fiorito G, Caini S, Palli D, Bendinelli B, Saieva C, Ermini I, Valentini V, Assedi M, Rizzolo P, Ambrogetti D, Ottini L, Masala G. DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging were slowed down in a two-year diet and physical activity intervention trial: the DAMA study. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13439. [PMID: 34535961 PMCID: PMC8520727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biomarkers of healthy aging have been proposed in recent years, including the epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation (DNAm) measures, which are getting increasingly accurate in predicting the individual biological age. The recently developed "next-generation clock" DNAmGrimAge outperforms "first-generation clocks" in predicting longevity and the onset of many age-related pathological conditions and diseases. Additionally, the total number of stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEMs), also known as the epigenetic mutation load (EML), has been proposed as a complementary DNAm-based biomarker of healthy aging. A fundamental biological property of epigenetic, and in particular DNAm modifications, is the potential reversibility of the effect, raising questions about the possible slowdown of epigenetic aging by modifying one's lifestyle. Here, we investigated whether improved dietary habits and increased physical activity have favorable effects on aging biomarkers in healthy postmenopausal women. The study sample consists of 219 women from the "Diet, Physical Activity, and Mammography" (DAMA) study: a 24-month randomized factorial intervention trial with DNAm measured twice, at baseline and the end of the trial. Women who participated in the dietary intervention had a significant slowing of the DNAmGrimAge clock, whereas increasing physical activity led to a significant reduction of SEMs in crucial cancer-related pathways. Our study provides strong evidence of a causal association between lifestyle modification and slowing down of DNAm aging biomarkers. This randomized trial elucidates the causal relationship between lifestyle and healthy aging-related epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fiorito
- Laboratory of Biostatistics Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment 43 and Health Imperial College London London UK
| | - Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | | | - Melania Assedi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
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16
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Dagnino S, Bodinier B, Guida F, Smith-Byrne K, Petrovic D, Whitaker MD, Haugdahl Nøst T, Agnoli C, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Tumino R, Schulze MB, Johansson M, Keski-Rahkonen P, Scalbert A, Vineis P, Johansson M, Sandanger TM, Vermeulen RCH, Chadeau-Hyam M. Prospective Identification of Elevated Circulating CDCP1 in Patients Years before Onset of Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3738-3748. [PMID: 33574093 PMCID: PMC7611235 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a role for inflammation in lung carcinogenesis. A small number of circulating inflammatory proteins have been identified as showing elevated levels prior to lung cancer diagnosis, indicating the potential for prospective circulating protein concentration as a marker of early carcinogenesis. To identify novel markers of lung cancer risk, we measured a panel of 92 circulating inflammatory proteins in 648 prediagnostic blood samples from two prospective cohorts in Italy and Norway (women only). To preserve the comparability of results and protect against confounding factors, the main statistical analyses were conducted in women from both studies, with replication sought in men (Italian participants). Univariate and penalized regression models revealed for the first time higher blood levels of CDCP1 protein in cases that went on to develop lung cancer compared with controls, irrespective of time to diagnosis, smoking habits, and gender. This association was validated in an additional 450 samples. Associations were stronger for future cases of adenocarcinoma where CDCP1 showed better explanatory performance. Integrative analyses combining gene expression and protein levels of CDCP1 measured in the same individuals suggested a link between CDCP1 and the expression of transcripts of LRRN3 and SEM1. Enrichment analyses indicated a potential role for CDCP1 in pathways related to cell adhesion and mobility, such as the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Overall, this study identifies lung cancer-related dysregulation of CDCP1 expression years before diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Prospective proteomics analyses reveal an association between increased levels of circulating CDCP1 and lung carcinogenesis irrespective of smoking and years before diagnosis, and integrating gene expression indicates potential underlying mechanisms.See related commentary by Itzstein et al., p. 3441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dagnino
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Guida
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Dusan Petrovic
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Whitaker
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Italy
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Bendinelli B, Vignoli A, Palli D, Assedi M, Ambrogetti D, Luchinat C, Caini S, Saieva C, Turano P, Masala G. Prediagnostic circulating metabolites in female breast cancer cases with low and high mammographic breast density. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13025. [PMID: 34158597 PMCID: PMC8219761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). We designed a matched case-case study in the EPIC Florence cohort, to evaluate possible associations between the pre-diagnostic metabolomic profile and the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women who developed BC during the follow-up. A case-case design with 100 low-MBD (MBD ≤ 25%) and 100 high-MDB BC cases (MBD > 50%) was performed. Matching variables included age, year and type of mammographic examination. 1H NMR metabolomic spectra were available for 87 complete case-case sets. The conditional logistic analyses showed an inverse association between serum levels of alanine, leucine, tyrosine, valine, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, triglycerides lipid main fraction and 11 VLDL lipid subfractions and high-MBD cases. Acetic acid was directly associated with high-MBD cases. In models adjusted for confounding variables, tyrosine remained inversely associated with high-MBD cases while 3 VLDL subfractions of free cholesterol emerged as directly associated with high-MBD cases. A pathway analysis showed that the "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathway" emerged and persisted after applying the FDR procedure. The supervised OPLS-DA analysis revealed a slight but significant separation between high- and low-MBD cases. This case-case study suggested a possible role for pre-diagnostic levels of tyrosine in modulating the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women. Moreover, some differences emerged in the pre-diagnostic concentration of other metabolites as well in the metabolomic fingerprints among the two groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bendinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- grid.20765.360000 0004 7402 7708Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy ,grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy ,grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
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18
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Caini S, Fiorito G, Palli D, Bendinelli B, Polidoro S, Silvestri V, Ottini L, Ambrogetti D, Zanna I, Saieva C, Masala G. Pre-diagnostic DNA methylation patterns differ according to mammographic breast density amongst women who subsequently develop breast cancer: a case-only study in the EPIC-Florence cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:435-444. [PMID: 34101077 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a marker of increased breast cancer (BC) risk, yet much remains to be clarified about the underlying mechanisms. We investigated whether DNA methylation patterns differ between high- vs. low-MBD women who developed BC during an 8.9-year median follow-up in the Florence section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS We analysed 96 pairs of women with BC arising on high- vs. low-MBD breasts (BI-RADS category III-IV vs. I). DNA methylation was determined on pre-diagnostic blood samples using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip assay. The statistical analysis was conducted by performing an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), by searching differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in gene promoters (followed by functional enrichment and gene annotation analysis); and through a "candidate pathways" approach focusing on pre-defined inflammation-related pathways. RESULTS In EWAS, no single CpG site was differentially methylated between high- and low-MBD women after correction for multiple testing. A total of 140 DMRs were identified, of which 131 were hyper- and 9 hypo-methylated amongst high-MBD women. These DMRs encompassed an annotation cluster of 35 genes coding for proteins implicated in transcription regulation and DNA binding. The "apoptosis signalling" was the only inflammation-related candidate pathway differentially methylated between high- and low-MBD women. CONCLUSION Pre-diagnostic methylation patterns differ between high- vs. low-MBD women who subsequently develop BC, particularly, in genes involved in the regulation of DNA transcription and cell apoptosis. Our study provides novel clues about the mechanisms linking MBD and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy
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19
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Agnoli C, Sieri S, Ricceri F, Macciotta A, Masala G, Bendinelli B, Panico S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Frasca G, Krogh V. Macronutrient composition of the diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:67-75. [PMID: 33097407 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overall macronutrient composition of diet, rather than just calorie intake, may influence long-term changes of anthropometry. We investigated relationships between dietary macronutrient composition and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in participants of the EPIC-Italy - the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - study. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 32,119 participants provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and 12 years later (mean). Diet at recruitment was assessed using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Weight and waist changes associated with replacing 10% of energy from one macronutrient with 10% of energy from another macronutrient were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Increased energy from total protein at the expense of any other macronutrient was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference. Increased starch at the expense of sugar and total protein was associated with significantly decreased weight and waist circumference; when starch replaced total fat, weight significantly decreased. Increased sugar at the expense of starch and total fat was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference; but increase at the expense of total protein was significantly associated with decreased weight and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increasing protein at the expense of fat or carbohydrates, and reducing starch by increasing other macronutrients, might be associated with increased weight and waist gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Unit (ASP) Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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20
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Berger E, Maitre N, Romana Mancini F, Baglietto L, Perduca V, Colineaux H, Sieri S, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Vineis P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Castagné R, Delpierre C. The impact of lifecourse socio-economic position and individual social mobility on breast cancer risk. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1138. [PMID: 33228587 PMCID: PMC7684912 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with an advantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) have a higher risk of developing breast cancer (BC). The reasons for this association do not seem to be limited to reproductive factors and remain to be understood. We aimed to investigate the impact of lifecourse SEP from childhood and social mobility on the risk of BC considering a broad set of potential mediators. METHODS We used a discovery-replication strategy in two European prospective cohorts, E3N (N = 83,436) and EPIC-Italy (N = 20,530). In E3N, 7877 women were diagnosed with BC during a median 24.4 years of follow-up, while in EPIC-Italy, 893 BC cases were diagnosed within 15.1 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models on imputed data. RESULTS In E3N, women with higher education had a higher risk of BC (HR [95%CI] = 1.21 [1.12, 1.30]). This association was attenuated by adjusting for reproductive factors, in particular age at first childbirth (HR[95%CI] = 1.13 [1.04, 1.22]). Health behaviours, anthropometric variables, and BC screening had a weaker effect on the association. Women who remained in a stable advantaged SEP had a higher risk of BC (HR [95%CI] = 1.24 [1.07; 1.43]) attenuated after adjustment for potential mediators (HR [95%CI] = 1.13 [0.98; 1.31]). These results were replicated in EPIC-Italy. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the important role of reproductive factors in the social gradient in BC risk, which does not appear to be fully explained by the large set of potential mediators, including cancer screening, suggesting that further research is needed to identify additional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Berger
- UMR LEASP, Université de Toulouse III, UPS, Inserm, Toulouse, France.
| | - Noële Maitre
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Perduca
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, MAP5 UMR 8145, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Colineaux
- UMR LEASP, Université de Toulouse III, UPS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Epidemiology Department, Toulouse Teaching Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provicial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- UMR LEASP, Université de Toulouse III, UPS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- UMR LEASP, Université de Toulouse III, UPS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
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21
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Time Course and Determinants of Individual Motivation among Women Enrolled in a Diet and Physical Activity Primary Prevention Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228589. [PMID: 33228006 PMCID: PMC7699275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the determinants of motivation among post-menopausal women enrolled in a two-year diet and physical activity primary prevention randomized trial. Participants were requested to grade the importance attached to changing their lifestyle, their confidence about being able to implement the change, and their willingness to be involved in studies focusing on lifestyle. We used multi-adjusted regression to investigate the association between individual characteristics, study arm, and individual motivation at study entry and end. Participants (n = 234) were highly motivated both at entry and throughout the study. Women with pre-existing healthier eating habits and lifestyles (e.g., high consumption of fruit and vegetables, low red meat consumption, and physically active) were more motivated at entry and over the course of the study. Women assigned to any intervention arm were more motivated than those in the control arm. These findings may help enhance adherence to recommendations and improve effectiveness of community-based health promotion campaigns.
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22
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Krauskopf J, Bergdahl IA, Johansson A, Palli D, Lundh T, Kyrtopoulos SA, de Kok TM, Kleinjans JC. Blood Transcriptome Response to Environmental Metal Exposure Reveals Potential Biological Processes Related to Alzheimer's Disease. Front Public Health 2020; 8:557587. [PMID: 33194959 PMCID: PMC7609776 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.557587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is manifested by a progressive and irreversible decline of cognition, memory loss, a shortened attention span, and changes in personality. Aging and genetic pre-dispositions, particularly the presence of a specific form of apolipoprotein E (APOE), are main risk factors of sporadic AD; however, a large body of evidence has shown that multiple environmental factors, including exposure to toxic metals, increase the risk for late onset AD. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous toxic metals with a wide range of applications resulting in global distribution in the environment and exposure of all living organisms on earth. In addition to being classified as carcinogenic (Cd) and possibly carcinogenic (Pb) to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, both compounds disrupt metal homeostasis and can cause toxic responses at the cellular and organismal levels. Pb toxicity targets the central nervous system and evidence for that has emerged also for Cd. Recent epidemiological studies show that both metals possibly are etiological factors of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further explore the association between metal exposure and AD risk we applied whole transcriptome gene expression analysis in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 632 subjects of the general population, taken from the EnviroGenomarkers project. We used linear mixed effect models to associate metal exposure to gene expression after adjustment for gender, age, BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption. For Pb exposure only few associations were identified, including a downregulation of the human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5). In contrast, Cd exposure, particularly in males, revealed a much stronger transcriptomic response, featuring multiple pathways related to pathomolecular mechanisms of AD, such as endocytosis, neutrophil degranulation, and Interleukin-7 signaling. A gender stratified analysis revealed that the Cd responses were male-specific and included a downregulation of the APOE gene in men. This exploratory study revealed novel hypothetical findings which might contribute to the understanding of the neurotoxic effects of chronic Pb and Cd exposure and possibly improve our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos C. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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23
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Castagné R, Kelly-Irving M, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Hebels DG, Kleinjans JC, de Kok TM, Georgiadis P, Kyrtopoulos SA, Vermeulen R, Stringhini S, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M, Delpierre C. A multi-omics approach to investigate the inflammatory response to life course socioeconomic position. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1287-1302. [PMID: 32875816 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Inflammation represents a potential pathway through which socioeconomic position (SEP) is biologically embedded. Materials & methods: We analyzed inflammatory biomarkers in response to life course SEP by integrating multi-omics DNA-methylation, gene expression and protein level in 178 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy participants. Results & conclusion: We identified 61 potential cis acting CpG loci whose methylation levels were associated with gene expression at a Bonferroni correction. We examined the relationships between life course SEP and these 61 cis-acting regulatory methylation sites individually and jointly using several scores. Less-advantaged SEP participants exhibit, later in life, a lower inflammatory methylome score, suggesting an overall increased expression of the corresponding inflammatory genes or proteins, supporting the hypothesis that SEP impacts adult physiology through inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaële Castagné
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology & Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors & Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research Prevention & Clinical Network-ISPRO, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital & Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin 10133, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry & Department of Histopathology, Provicial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa 97100, Italy
| | - Dennie Gaj Hebels
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Cs Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW Institute & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211LK, The Netherlands
| | - Theo McM de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW Institute & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211LK, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vas. Constantinou 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vas. Constantinou 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, London, UK.,Molecular & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, London, UK
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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24
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Dagnino S, Bodinier B, Grigoryan H, Rappaport SM, Karimi M, Guida F, Polidoro S, Edmands WIB, Naccarati A, Fiorito G, Sacerdote C, Krogh V, Vermeulen R, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M. Agnostic Cys34-albumin adductomics and DNA methylation: Implication of N-acetylcysteine in lung carcinogenesis years before diagnosis. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:3294-3303. [PMID: 31513294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although smoking and oxidative stress are known contributors to lung carcinogenesis, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. To shed light into these mechanisms, we applied a novel approach using Cys34-adductomics in a lung cancer nested case-control study (n = 212). Adductomics profiles were integrated with DNA-methylation data at established smoking-related CpG sites measured in the same individuals. Our analysis identified 42 Cys34-albumin adducts, of which 2 were significantly differentially abundant in cases and controls: adduct of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, p = 4.15 × 10-3 ) and of cysteinyl-glycine (p = 7.89 × 10-3 ). Blood levels of the former were found associated to the methylation levels at 11 smoking-related CpG sites. We detect, for the first time in prospective blood samples, and irrespective of time to diagnosis, decreased levels of NAC adduct in lung cancer cases. Altogether, our results highlight the potential role of these adducts in the oxidative stress response contributing to lung carcinogenesis years before diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dagnino
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maryam Karimi
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Guida
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- IIGM, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alcohol, smoking and rectal cancer risk in a Mediterranean cohort of adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy cohort. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:475-483. [PMID: 31834049 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed malignant cancers worldwide. Rectal cancers (Rcs) represent one-third of all CRCs. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are two underestimated risk factors for RC. We aimed to evaluate the role of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in modulating RC risk and to estimate the attributable fraction in a Mediterranean population. METHODS In the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, 45,553 healthy adults (31,252 women) were recruited and provided information about lifestyle and dietary habits. During 14.0 years of median follow-up, 154 incident RC cases were identified. RESULTS In multivariate models, a increase in RC risk emerged among subjects drinking more than 3 drinks/day, overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.80), and in females (HR= 2.80; 95% CI 1.23-6.35), compared with drinkers of less than 1 drink/day. A increase in risk also emerged for current- compared with never-smokers, overall (HR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.06-2.35; P for trend 0.03) and among males (HR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.02-4.07; P for trend 0.045). Overall, 9% (95% CI 4-14%) of RC cases were attributable to drinking more than 3 drinks/day and 12% (95% CI 3-19%) were attributable to current smoke and 20% (95% CI 11-27%) of RC cases were attributable to the independent effects of these two exposures. CONCLUSION Our study supports a strategy to avoid a relevant proportion of rectal cancer cases through a combined reduction of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
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Pala V, Sieri S, Chiodini P, Masala G, Palli D, Mattiello A, Panico S, Tumino R, Frasca G, Fasanelli F, Ricceri F, Agnoli C, Grioni S, Krogh V. Associations of dairy product consumption with mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1220-1230. [PMID: 31435641 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation of dairy product consumption to health and mortality is controversial. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of consumption of various dairy products with mortality in the Italian cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy study. METHODS Dairy product consumption was assessed by validated semiquantitative FFQs. Multivariable Cox models stratified by center, age, and sex and adjusted for confounders estimated associations of milk (total, full fat, and reduced fat), yogurt, cheese, butter, and dairy calcium consumption with mortality for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes. Nonlinearity was tested by restricted cubic spline regression. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 14.9 y, 2468 deaths were identified in 45,009 participants: 59% from cancer and 19% from cardiovascular disease. No significant association of consumption of any dairy product with mortality was found in the fully adjusted models. A 25% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality was found for milk intake from 160 to 120 g/d (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91) but not for the highest (>200 g/d) category of intake (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.08) compared with nonconsumption. Associations of full-fat and reduced-fat milk consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were similar to those for milk as a whole. CONCLUSIONS In this Italian cohort characterized by low to average milk consumption, we found no evidence of a dose-response association between milk consumption and mortality and also no association of consumption of other dairy products investigated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Fasanelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Sayols-Baixeras S, Fernández-Sanlés A, Prats-Uribe A, Subirana I, Plusquin M, Künzli N, Marrugat J, Basagaña X, Elosua R. Association between long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation: The REGICOR study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108550. [PMID: 31260916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms may partially mediate the adverse effects of air pollution on health. Our aims were to identify new genomic loci showing differential DNA methylation associated with long-term exposure to air pollution and to replicate loci previously identified in other studies. METHODS A two-stage epigenome-wide association study was designed: 630 individuals from the REGICOR study were included in the discovery and 454 participants of the EPIC-Italy study in the validation stage. DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. NOX, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, PMcoarse, traffic intensity and traffic load exposure were measured according to the ESCAPE protocol. A systematic review was undertaken to identify those cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) associated with air pollution in previous studies and we screened for them in the discovery study. RESULTS In the discovery stage of the epigenome-wide association study, 81 unique CpGs were associated with air pollution (p-value <10-5) but none of them were validated in the replication sample. Furthermore, we identified 15 CpGs in the systematic review showing differential methylation with a p-value fulfilling the Bonferroni criteria and 1673 CpGs fulfilling the false discovery rate criteria, all of which were related to PM2.5 or NO2. None of them was replicated in the discovery study, in which the top hits were located in an intergenic region on chromosome 1 (cg10893043, p-value = 6.79·10-5) and in the LRRC45 and PXK genes (cg05088605, p-value = 2.15·10-04; cg16560256, p-value = 2.23·10-04). CONCLUSIONS Neither new genomic loci associated with long-term air pollution were identified, nor previously identified loci were replicated. Continued efforts to test this potential association are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit, Parc de Salut Mar-Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (UDMPiSP PSMar-UPF-ASPB), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, BE3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- REGICOR Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), DR Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal (Institute for Global Health), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain.
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Bohler S, Krauskopf J, Espín-Pérez A, Gebel S, Palli D, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Kyrtopoulos SA, Balling R, Kleinjans J. Genes associated with Parkinson's disease respond to increasing polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the blood of healthy females. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:107-117. [PMID: 30991279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of widespread environmental pollutants, commonly found in human blood, that have been suggested to be linked to the occurrence of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been reported that some non-coplanar PCBs accumulate in the brains of female PD patients. To improve our understanding of the association between PCB exposure and PD risk we have applied whole transcriptome gene expression analysis in blood cells from 594 PCB-exposed subjects (369 female, 225 male). Interestingly, we observe that in females, blood levels of non-coplanar PCBs appear to be associated with expression levels of PD-specific genes. However, no such association was detected in males. Among the 131 PD-specific genes affected, 39 have been shown to display similar changes in expression levels in the substantia nigra of deceased PD patients. Especially among the down-regulated genes, transcripts of genes involved in neurotransmitter vesicle-related functions were predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Bohler
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Almudena Espín-Pérez
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Gebel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L, 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), FVia Cosimo Il Vecchio, 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L, 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Fasanelli F, Giraudo MT, Vineis P, Fiano V, Fiorito G, Grasso C, Polidoro S, Trevisan M, Grioni S, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Panico S, Giurdanella MC, Tumino R, De Marco L, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C. DNA methylation, colon cancer and Mediterranean diet: results from the EPIC-Italy cohort. Epigenetics 2019; 14:977-988. [PMID: 31179817 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1629230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms through which adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) protects against colon cancer (CC) are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may be implicated in the pathway. Both diet and CC are related to epigenetic regulation. We performed a nested case-control study on 161 pairs from the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, in which we looked for the methylation signals in DNA extracted from leucocytes associated with both CC and MD in 995 CpGs located in 48 inflammation genes. The DNA methylation signals detected in this analysis were validated in a subgroup of 47 case-control pairs and further replicated (where validated) in 95 new pairs by means of pyrosequencing. Among the CpG sites selected a-priori in inflammation-related genes, seven CpG sites were found to be associated with CC status and with MD, in line with its protective effect. Only two CpG sites (cg17968347-SERPINE1 and cg20674490-RUNX3) were validated using bisulphite pyrosequencing and, after replication, we found that DNA methylation of cg20674490-RUNX3 may be a potential molecular mediator explaining the protective effect of MD on CC onset. The use of a 'meet-in-the-middle' approach to identify the overlap between exposure and predictive markers of disease is innovative in studies on the relationship between diet and cancer, in which exposure assessment is difficult and the mechanisms through which the nutrients exert their protective effect is largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasanelli
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vineis
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , UK.,d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Chiara Grasso
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- d Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) , Turin , Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- e Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- e Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- f Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- f Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- g Cancer Registry, Department of Prevention, ASP , Ragusa , Italy
| | - Laura De Marco
- a Unit of Cancer Epidemiology- CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,h Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO) , Turin , Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- i Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Services ASL TO3 , Grugliasco , Italy.,j Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- h Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO) , Turin , Italy
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Multi-cohort study identifies social determinants of systemic inflammation over the life course. Nat Commun 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 30770820 PMCID: PMC6377676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been proposed as having a prominent role in the construction of social inequalities in health. Disentangling the effects of early life and adulthood social disadvantage on inflammation is key in elucidating biological mechanisms underlying socioeconomic disparities. Here we explore the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and inflammation (as measured by CRP levels) in up to 23,008 participants from six European cohort studies from three countries conducted between 1958 and 2013. We find a consistent inverse association between SEP and CRP across cohorts, where participants with a less advantaged SEP have higher levels of inflammation. Educational attainment is most strongly related to inflammation, after adjusting for health behaviours, body mass index and later-in-life SEP. These findings suggest socioeconomic disadvantage in young adulthood is independently associated with later life inflammation calling for further studies of the pathways operating through educational processes. Here, the authors explore the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and inflammation in a multi-cohort study and show that educational attainment is most strongly related to inflammation, suggesting that socioeconomic disadvantage in young adulthood is independently associated with later life inflammation.
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Caini S, Bendinelli B, Masala G, Saieva C, Assedi M, Querci A, Lundh T, Kyrtopoulos SA, Palli D. Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E425. [PMID: 30717230 PMCID: PMC6388176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in 1992⁻1998. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between demographics, education and working history, lifestyle, dietary habits, anthropometry, residential history, and (among women) menstrual and reproductive history and use of exogenous sex hormones, and erythrocyte lead levels. Results: Median lead levels were 86.1 μg/L (inter-quartile range 65.5⁻111.9 μg/L). Male gender, older age, cigarette smoking and number of pack-years, alcohol intake, and residing in urban areas were positively associated with higher erythrocyte lead levels, while performing professional/managerial or administrative work or being retired was inversely associated with lead levels. Among women, lead levels were higher for those already in menopause, and lower among those who ever used hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions: Avoidable risk factors contribute to the lead body burden among adults, which could therefore be lowered through targeted public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Querci
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, 22363 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Caini S, Bendinelli B, Masala G, Saieva C, Lundh T, Kyrtopoulos SA, Palli D. Predictors of erythrocyte cadmium levels in 454 adults in Florence, Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:37-44. [PMID: 29980083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium bioaccumulates in the body and causes several adverse health effects. Understanding the primary sources of exposure is critical in order to implement effective prevention measures. METHODS We included 454 adults enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) during 1992-98. At enrolment, information was collected on demographics, lifestyle and dietary habits using validated questionnaires; anthropometric measures were taken; and a blood sample was collected from each study participant. Information on the residential and occupational history prior to enrolment was reconstructed by phone interviews. Cadmium levels were measured in erythrocytes using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We used multiple linear regression models to investigate the main determinants of cadmium levels. RESULTS Median erythrocyte cadmium levels were 0.66 μg/L (inter-quartile range 0.43-1.07 μg/L). Cadmium levels were lowest in never smokers (0.50 μg/L) and highest in current smokers (1.38 μg/L). Smoking status and the number of pack-years were the strongest predictors of cadmium levels in multivariable analysis, together with erythrocyte levels of lead, and biking to work, while an inverse association emerged with consumption of red meat and dairy products and physical activity levels. Cadmium levels were higher among women than men (0.66 vs. 0.58 μg/L), and, among the former, positively associated with late menopause, nulliparity, and use of hormones for menopause. The predictors included in the multivariable model explained >40% of the variability in erythrocyte cadmium levels. CONCLUSIONS Smoking was the most important determinant of erythrocyte cadmium levels, which were also affected by dietary habits, physical activity levels, biking, and (among women) hormone-related variables. Our results are important to inform public health actions aimed at reducing the impact of potentially modifiable sources of exposure to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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Campanella G, Gunter MJ, Polidoro S, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Fiorito G, Guarrera S, Iacoviello L, Bergdahl IA, Melin B, Lenner P, de Kok TMCM, Georgiadis P, Kleinjans JCS, Kyrtopoulos SA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Lillycrop KA, May AM, Onland-Moret NC, Murray R, Riboli E, Verschuren M, Lund E, Mode N, Sandanger TM, Fiano V, Trevisan M, Matullo G, Froguel P, Elliott P, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M. Epigenome-wide association study of adiposity and future risk of obesity-related diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:2022-2035. [PMID: 29713043 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction. METHODS DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population. RESULTS We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P = 9.07×10-8 to 3.27×10-18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P = 6.00×10-7), higher triglyceride levels (P = 5.37×10-9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 1.03×10-10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P < 1.6×10-3) and one intergenic locus on chromosome 1 was inversely associated with myocardial infarction (P < 1.25×10-3), independently of obesity and established risk factors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that epigenetic changes, in particular altered DNA methylation patterns, may be an intermediate biomarker at the intersection of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and could offer clues as to underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campanella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile-M.P. Arezzo", Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Murray
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicolle Mode
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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34
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Gaudet MM, Deubler EL, Kelly RS, Ryan Diver W, Teras LR, Hodge JM, Levine KE, Haines LG, Lundh T, Lenner P, Palli D, Vineis P, Bergdahl IA, Gapstur SM, Kyrtopoulos SA. Blood levels of cadmium and lead in relation to breast cancer risk in three prospective cohorts. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1010-1016. [PMID: 30117163 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium and lead have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, their associations with breast cancer risk are unknown despite their persistence in the environment and ubiquitous human exposure. We examined associations of circulating levels of cadmium and lead with breast cancer risk in three case-control studies nested within the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) LifeLink Cohort, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Italy (EPIC-Italy) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Metal levels were measured in stored erythrocytes from 1,435 cases and 1,433 controls using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models with each study result weighted by the within- and between-study variances. I2 values were calculated to estimate proportion of between study variation. Using common cut-points, cadmium levels were not associated with breast cancer risk in the CPS-II cohort (continuous RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.76-1.34), but were inversely associated with risk in the EPIC- Italy (continuous RR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.61-1.03) and NSHDS cohorts (continuous RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.97). The inverse association was also evident in the meta-analysis (continuous RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.69-1.01) with low between-study heterogeneity. Large differences in lead level distributions precluded a meta-analysis of their association with breast cancer risk; no associations were found in the three studies. Adult cadmium and lead levels were not associated with higher risk of breast cancer in our large meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily L Deubler
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - James M Hodge
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental MedicineLund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Radiation Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Grantham Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
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35
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Jeong A, Fiorito G, Keski-Rahkonen P, Imboden M, Kiss A, Robinot N, Gmuender H, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Kyrtopoulos S, Herceg Z, Ghantous A, Lovison G, Galassi C, Ranzi A, Krogh V, Grioni S, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Mostafavi N, Naccarati A, Scalbert A, Vineis P, Probst-Hensch N. Perturbation of metabolic pathways mediates the association of air pollutants with asthma and cardiovascular diseases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:334-345. [PMID: 29990954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence indicates common risk factors, including air pollution exposure, for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting the involvement of common altered molecular pathways. OBJECTIVES The goal was to find intermediate metabolites or metabolic pathways that could be associated with both air pollutants and health outcomes ("meeting-in-the-middle"), thus shedding light on mechanisms and reinforcing causality. METHODS We applied a statistical approach named 'meet-in-the-middle' to untargeted metabolomics in two independent case-control studies nested in cohorts on adult-onset asthma (AOA) and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). We compared the results to identify both common and disease-specific altered metabolic pathways. RESULTS A novel finding was a strong association of AOA with ultrafine particles (UFP; odds ratio 1.80 [1.26, 2.55] per increase by 5000 particles/cm3). Further, we have identified several metabolic pathways that potentially mediate the effect of air pollution on health outcomes. Among those, perturbation of Linoleate metabolism pathway was associated with air pollution exposure, AOA and CCVD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common pathway perturbations may occur as a consequence of chronic exposure to air pollution leading to increased risk for both AOA and CCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences - University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agneta Kiss
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Claudia Galassi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Center, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nahid Mostafavi
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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36
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Masala G, Assedi M, Sera F, Ermini I, Occhini D, Castaldo M, Pierpaoli E, Caini S, Bendinelli B, Ambrogetti D, Palli D. Can Dietary and Physical Activity Modifications Reduce Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women? The DAMA Study, a Randomized Intervention Trial in Italy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:41-50. [PMID: 30068518 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized trials have been carried out to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modifications on mammographic breast density (MBD). The randomized 2 × 2 factorial Diet, physical Activity and MAmmography trial aimed to evaluate whether MBD can be reduced in postmenopausal women with high baseline MBD by a 24-month dietary and/or physical activity (PA) interventions. METHODS We randomized healthy postmenopausal women, attending the Florence (Italy) mammographic screening program, ages 50 to 69 years, nonsmokers, with MBD > 50% and no recent hormone therapy, to (i) a dietary intervention focused on plant foods, with a low glycemic load, low in saturated fats and alcohol; (ii) a PA intervention combining daily moderate intensity activities and one weekly supervised session of more strenuous activity; (iii) both interventions; (iv) general recommendations. We evaluated changes in MBD based on Volpara estimates comparing baseline and follow-up digital mammograms by an intention-to-treat-analysis. RESULTS MBD measures were available for 226 participants. An interaction emerged between treatments and thus we run analyses by arms. A decrease in volumetric percent density emerged for women in the dietary intervention (ratio 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97; P = 0.002) and in the PA intervention arm (0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98; P = 0.01) in comparison with controls. No clear effect emerged in the double intervention arm. CONCLUSIONS This intervention trial suggests that a 24-month dietary or PA intervention may reduce MBD in postmenopausal women. IMPACT A modification of dietary habits or an increase in PA in postmenopausal women may reduce MBD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings for planning breast cancer preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.,Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (SEHR), Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Occhini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Castaldo
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Pierpaoli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.,Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Breast Cancer Screening Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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37
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Berger E, Delpierre C, Hosnijeh FS, Kelly-Irving M, Portengen L, Bergdahl IA, Johansson AS, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Kyrtopoulos SA, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vermeulen R, Castagné R. Association between low-grade inflammation and Breast cancer and B-cell Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: findings from two prospective cohorts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10805. [PMID: 30018397 PMCID: PMC6050323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may be involved in cancer development and progression. Using 28 inflammatory-related proteins collected from prospective blood samples from two case-control studies nested in the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (n = 261) and in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (n = 402), we tested the hypothesis that an inflammatory score is associated with breast cancer (BC) and Β-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-cell NHL, including 68 multiple myeloma cases) onset. We modelled the relationship between this inflammatory score and the two cancers studied: (BC and B-cell NHL) using generalised linear models, and assessed, through adjustments the role of behaviours and lifestyle factors. Analyses were performed by cancer types pooling both populations, and stratified by cohorts, and time to diagnosis. Our results suggested a lower inflammatory score in B-cell NHL cases (β = -1.28, p = 0.012), and, to lesser, extent with BC (β = -0.96, p = 0.33) compared to controls, mainly driven by cancer cases diagnosed less than 6 years after enrolment. These associations were not affected by subsequent adjustments for potential intermediate confounders, notably behaviours. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings were not affected by the way the inflammatory score was calculated. These observations call for further studies involving larger populations, larger variety of cancer types and repeated measures of larger panel of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Berger
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Immunology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS- Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile -M.P.Arezzo', Ragusa, Italy
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK.
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38
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Bendinelli B, Masala G, Bruno RM, Caini S, Saieva C, Boninsegni A, Ungar A, Ghiadoni L, Palli D. A priori dietary patterns and blood pressure in the EPIC Florence cohort: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:455-466. [PMID: 29951936 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several foods and nutrients have been independently associated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure values. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined dietary habits on SBP and DBP values in a large cohort of healthy adults, with a cross-sectional design. Adherence of participants to four a priori dietary patterns was considered: the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010); the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH); the Greek Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); and the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI). METHODS Overall, 13,597 volunteers (35-64 years) were enrolled in 1993-1998 in the EPIC-Florence cohort. Information on dietary habits, anthropometry, smoking status, education, physical activity habits, previous diagnosis of hypertension and SBP and DBP measurements were collected at baseline. Multivariate regression models were performed on 10,163 individuals (7551 women) after excluding subjects with prevalent hypertension. RESULTS IMI, DASH and HEI-2010 were significantly and inversely associated with SBP and DBP values in the total population. The strongest association emerged between IMI and SBP (β - 1.80 excellent adherence vs low adherence, 95% CI - 2.99; - 0.61, p trend 0.001) and DBP (β - 1.12, 95% CI - 1.869; - 0.39, p trend 0.001) values. In sub-group analyses, an inverse association also emerged between IMI and SBP and DBP values among females and between DASH and DBP among males. MDS was not associated with SBP or DBP. CONCLUSION Overall, this study, carried out in a large cohort of healthy adults from Tuscany (Central Italy), showed inverse significant associations between specific a priori dietary patterns, identifying general models of health-conscious diet, and blood pressure values.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - G Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy.
| | - R M Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - C Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - A Boninsegni
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - A Ungar
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
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39
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Smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant independently modulate male breast cancer survival: A population-based study in Tuscany, Italy. Breast 2018; 40:85-91. [PMID: 29709729 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and recommendations for its clinical management are often extrapolated from those for female breast cancer, even if breast cancer (BC) has different characteristics in the two sexes. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of several individual characteristics including clinico-pathological, lifestyle and genetic factors on overall survival (OS) of a relatively large and well characterized population-based series of 166 MBCs enrolled in Tuscany. METHODS We genotyped MBC cases at BRCA1/2 genes and at 9 candidate BC susceptibility SNPs. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for several individual characteristics were used. To reduce a possible selection bias related to the interval between diagnosis and enrolment of MBC cases into the study, we used the date of blood donation as the date of the start of observation for survival analysis. RESULTS Only smoking habits had a significant effect on OS at 10 years (for current smokers, HR: 3.34; 95% CI 1.45-7.68; p = 0.004), while lymph node status fell short of reaching statistical significance (for pN positive, HR: 2.07; 95% CI 0.93-4.55; p = 0.07). In the same multivariate analysis we found a significantly higher OS in cases with FGFR2 rs2981582 variant in the dominant transmission model (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.62; p = 0.028). A sensitivity analysis with left truncation showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Our results may contribute to shed light on factors influencing MBC survival suggesting an important role for cigarette smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant, and provide clues for better patient management.
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40
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Vermeulen R, Saberi Hosnijeh F, Bodinier B, Portengen L, Liquet B, Garrido-Manriquez J, Lokhorst H, Bergdahl IA, Kyrtopoulos SA, Johansson AS, Georgiadis P, Melin B, Palli D, Krogh V, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Vineis P, Castagné R, Chadeau-Hyam M, Botsivali M, Chatziioannou A, Valavanis I, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM, Keun HC, Athersuch TJ, Kelly R, Lenner P, Hallmans G, Stephanou EG, Myridakis A, Kogevinas M, Fazzo L, De Santis M, Comba P, Bendinelli B, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Ruokojarvi P, Gilthorpe M, Fleming S, Fleming T, Tu YK, Lundh T, Chien KL, Chen WJ, Lee WC, Kate Hsiao C, Kuo PH, Hung H, Liao SF. Pre-diagnostic blood immune markers, incidence and progression of B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma: Univariate and functionally informed multivariate analyses. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1335-1347. [PMID: 29667176 PMCID: PMC6100111 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent prospective studies have shown that dysregulation of the immune system may precede the development of B‐cell lymphomas (BCL) in immunocompetent individuals. However, to date, the studies were restricted to a few immune markers, which were considered separately. Using a nested case–control study within two European prospective cohorts, we measured plasma levels of 28 immune markers in samples collected a median of 6 years before diagnosis (range 2.01–15.97) in 268 incident cases of BCL (including multiple myeloma [MM]) and matched controls. Linear mixed models and partial least square analyses were used to analyze the association between levels of immune marker and the incidence of BCL and its main histological subtypes and to investigate potential biomarkers predictive of the time to diagnosis. Linear mixed model analyses identified associations linking lower levels of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2 p = 7.2 × 10−4) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α, p = 6.5 × 10−5) and BCL incidence. Analyses stratified by histological subtypes identified inverse associations for MM subtype including FGF‐2 (p = 7.8 × 10−7), TGF‐α (p = 4.08 × 10−5), fractalkine (p = 1.12 × 10−3), monocyte chemotactic protein‐3 (p = 1.36 × 10−4), macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐alpha (p = 4.6 × 10−4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 4.23 × 10−5). Our results also provided marginal support for already reported associations between chemokines and diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) and cytokines and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Case‐only analyses showed that Granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor levels were consistently higher closer to diagnosis, which provides further evidence of its role in tumor progression. In conclusion, our study suggests a role of growth‐factors in the incidence of MM and of chemokine and cytokine regulation in DLBCL and CLL. What's new? B‐cell lymphomas (BCL) are frequent in immunocompromised individuals, but most BCL cases are thought to occur as a consequence of minor immune perturbations in otherwise immunocompetent individuals. Here the authors prospectively examined a panel of immune markers in the blood from 268 patients afflicted with BCL and paired controls. The data uncover a functional role for growth factors (i.e. FGF‐2, TGF‐alpha) in the incidence and progression of multiple myeloma, a BCL subtype, and underscore the importance of chemokine and cytokine regulation in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Immunology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benoît Liquet
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UMR CNRS, Pau, France.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javiera Garrido-Manriquez
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henk Lokhorst
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenico Palli
- The Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS-Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Frederico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile-M.P.Arezzo', Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,INSERM, UMR1027, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Botsivali
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Valavanis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J Athersuch
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Immunology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Antonis Myridakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Kang Tu
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wei J Chen
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Hung Hung
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Agnoli C, Sieri S, Ricceri F, Giraudo MT, Masala G, Assedi M, Panico S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Giurdanella MC, Krogh V. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:22. [PMID: 29695712 PMCID: PMC5916888 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive calorie intake and physical inactivity are considered key determinants of the rapid worldwide increase in obesity prevalence, however the relationship between diet and weight gain is complex. We investigated associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in volunteers recruited to the Italian section of the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We investigated 32,119 cohort members who provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and updated information on recall a mean of 12 years later. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Italian Mediterranean Index (score range 0-11). Associations between index score and weight and waist changes were assessed by multivariate linear regression models. Risks of developing overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were investigated by multivariate logistic models. Increasing Italian Mediterranean Index score (indicating better adherence) was associated with lower 5-year weight change in volunteers of normal weight at baseline (β -0.12, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.08 for 1 tertile increase in score), but not in those overweight/obese at baseline (P interaction between Index score and BMI 0.0001). High adherence was also associated with reduced risk of becoming overweight/obese (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99 third vs. first tertile); smaller 5-year change in waist circumference (β -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.03 for 1 tertile increase in score); and lower risk of abdominal obesity (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99 third vs. first tertile). Adherence to a traditional Italian Mediterranean diet may help prevent weight gain and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Unit (ASP) Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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42
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Saieva C, Tumino R, Masala G, Frasca G, Salvini S, Giurdanella MC, Ceroti M, Perico A, Zanna I, Cordopatri G, Bavazzano P, Palli D. Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene and t, t-Muconic ACID as Biomarkers of Exposure to Environmental Pollutants in Two Areas in Italy (Epic-Florence and Ragusa). TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:679-86. [PMID: 14870833 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Several chemical compounds included in the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and benzene are well-known human carcinogens present in the atmosphere of polluted urban areas. Major sources include vehicle traffic and industrial emissions, but also cigarette smoke. Genotoxic damage derived from exposure to PAHs can be measured in healthy adults by specific assays as PAH-DNA adducts. In the frame of EPIC-Italy, we recently carried out a cross-sectional study in different areas of the country (Palli et al., Int J Cancer, 87: 444-451, 2000) and showed that mean DNA adduct levels varied considerably among different centers, being highest in Florence (a large metropolitan area in Tuscany) and lowest in Ragusa (a small town in Sicily). Methods A subgroup of EPIC volunteers, representative of these two local cohorts, agreed to collect 24-h urine samples, and we measured the excretion of two potential biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants: t,t-muconic acid (MA), a metabolite of benzene, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene. Overall, 69 24-h urine samples were available for analyses. Results The absolute amounts of 1-OHP and MA excreted in the 24-h urine samples were 169.6 ng and 33.8 μg, respectively. Urinary excretion of both metabolites did not vary according to age or area of residence. Strongly significant differences emerged when current smokers were compared to non-smokers for 1-OHP (P = 0.0001) and MA (P = 0.01), thus confirming that smokers are directly exposed to PAHs and benzene from tobacco smoke, with a dose-dependent effect particularly evident for MA. Multivariate analyses showed positive associations of 1-OHP excretion with male sex, low education and being overweight but not with residence in two areas with contrasting levels of urban pollution; MA excretion tended to be higher in Florence. Conclusions These two urinary metabolites are strongly related to tobacco smoke and do not appear to represent reliable biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Saieva
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
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43
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Masala G, Assedi M, Saieva C, Salvini S, Cordopatri G, Ermini I, Martinez MDC, Tanzini D, Zacchi S, Ceroti M, Palli D. The Florence City Sample: Dietary and Life-Style Habits of a Representative Sample of Adult Residents. A Comparison with the Epic-Florence Volunteers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:636-45. [PMID: 14870828 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A representative sample of the general population residing in the city of Florence was invited to participate in the local section of the EPIC study with two major aims: i) to carry out a population-based survey on dietary and life-style habits in this urban area of Tuscany, Central Italy; ii) to compare these results with a large series of EPIC volunteers residing in the same municipality in order to evaluate the differences between the two groups. A random sample of 500 residents (250 women) aged 40-64 years, was invited to participate in the study; 362/500 (72.4%) accepted and followed the EPIC protocol. The distribution of selected individual characteristics (including measured weight and height) showed a high prevalence of being overweight in men (52.2%) and obesity in both sexes (17.4% in men and 12.5% in women). A dietary pattern characterized by a high consumption of red meat, processed meats, olive oil and wine emerged in both sexes; the consumption of vegetables and fresh fruit was approximately 200 and 300 g/day, respectively. The estimated mean intakes of macronutrients reflected this pattern, with a high mean intake of total fat and protein. The mean contribution to total caloric intake provided by fat was 30.9% and 33.6% in these randomly sampled men and women, respectively. The results were compared with those of 9,123 Florence residents aged 40-64 years and enrolled as EPIC volunteers. Current smokers and less educated subjects were less represented among male volunteers, who, in general, showed a healthier dietary pattern (more fresh fruit and less spirits). Female volunteers were taller and heavier and consumed more fresh fruit but also more beef and less carbohydrates. Other statistically significant differences emerged, but the absolute values of these differences were usually modest and the two groups appeared remarkably similar. Overall, our results suggest that the large EPIC-Florence cohort was not strictly selected and showed a total caloric intake and a range of dietary variability similar to that of the general population of the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Masala
- Molecular & Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Istituto Scientifico della Regione Toscana, Florence, Italy.
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44
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Salvini S, Saieva C, Ciardullo AV, Panico S, Masala G, Assedi M, Berrino F, Pala V, Frasca G, Tumino R, Veglia F, Sacerdote C, Palli D. Physical Activity in the EPIC-Italy Centers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:646-55. [PMID: 14870829 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition offers the opportunity to explore patterns of physical activity in a large series of healthy adults enrolled in the different local cohorts of the Italian section of the European EPIC project. Physical activity is considered one of the means by which chronic disease could be prevented. Subjects in the EPIC study completed a life-style questionnaire, with a section dedicated to the assessment of physical activity at work and during leisure time. Time spent in the various activities was transformed into an index of physical activity (physical activity level, PAL) and an activity index that includes intense activity (PAL; intense activity included). Quintiles of these indexes were computed in order to observe the distribution of subject characteristics according to levels of physical activity. In general, the population was characterized by low levels of physical activity at work, with more than 50% of the sample reporting sedentary occupations. During leisure time, only a small percentage of subjects compensated for the inactivity at work by engaging in energy-consuming activities. In particular, organized fitness activities were reported by a small percentage of people, whereas walking was the most common sort of physical activity. Specific types of activity seemed to characterize subjects in the different areas of the country, reflecting local traditions or specific living situations. Detailed information about physical activity habits, together with a description of other characteristics, could help in designing physical activity promotion programs in different Italian populations and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Salvini
- Molecular & Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy.
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45
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The DAMA Trial: A Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Trial to Reduce Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women in Tuscany, Italy. Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1636.17890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Fiorito G, Vlaanderen J, Polidoro S, Gulliver J, Galassi C, Ranzi A, Krogh V, Grioni S, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Tsai MY, Probst-Hensch N, Hoek G, Herceg Z, Vermeulen R, Ghantous A, Vineis P, Naccarati A. Oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the effect of air pollution on cardio- and cerebrovascular disease: A prospective study in nonsmokers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:234-246. [PMID: 29114965 DOI: 10.1002/em.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with a broad range of adverse health effects, including mortality and morbidity due to cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD), but the molecular mechanisms involved are not entirely understood. This study aims to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the causal chain, and to identify intermediate biomarkers that are associated retrospectively with the exposure and prospectively with the disease. We designed a case-control study on CCVD nested in a cohort of 18,982 individuals from the EPIC-Italy study. We measured air pollution, inflammatory biomarkers, and whole-genome DNA methylation in blood collected up to 17 years before the diagnosis. The study sample includes all the incident CCVD cases among former- and never-smokers, with available stored blood sample, that arose in the cohort during the follow-up. We identified enrichment of altered DNA methylation in "ROS/Glutathione/Cytotoxic granules" and "Cytokine signaling" pathways related genes, associated with both air pollution (multiple comparisons adjusted p for enrichment ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 depending on pollutant) and with CCVD risk (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). Also, Interleukin-17 was associated with higher exposure to NO2 (P = 0.0004), NOx (P = 0.0005), and CCVD risk (OR = 1.79; CI 1.04-3.11; P = 0.04 comparing extreme tertiles). Our findings indicate that chronic exposure to air pollution can lead to oxidative stress, which in turn activates a cascade of inflammatory responses mainly involving the "Cytokine signaling" pathway, leading to increased risk of CCVD. Inflammatory proteins and DNA methylation alterations can be detected several years before CCVD diagnosis in blood samples, being promising preclinical biomarkers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:234-246, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - John Gulliver
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città Della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città Della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
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Castelnuovo AD, Agnoli C, Curtis AD, Giurdanella MC, Sieri S, Mattiello A, Matullo G, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Vineis P, Gaetano GD, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Elevated levels of D-dimers increase the risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:941-6. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryElevated D-dimer levels are reportedly associated with coronary artery disease. It was the study objective to investigate the association of baseline D-dimer levels with strokes that occurred in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy cohort. Using a nested case-cohort design, a centre-–stratified sample of 832 subjects (66 % women, age 35–71) was selected as subcohort and compared with 289 strokes in a mean follow-up of nine years. D-dimers were measured by an automated latex-enhanced immunoassay (HemosIL-IL). The multivariable hazard ratios were estimated by a Cox regression model using Prentice method. Individuals with elevated D-dimer levels had significantly higher risk of incident stroke. It was evident from the second quartile (D-dimers > 100 ng/ml) and persisted almost unchanged for higher D-dimers (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–3.47; 2.42, 95 %CI: 1.44–4.09 and 2.10, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.48 for the second, third or fourth quartile compared with the lowest quartile, respectively). The association was independent of several confounders, including triglycerides and C-reactive protein. No differences were observed in men and women (P for interaction= 0.46), in hypertensive or non-hypertensive subjects (P for interaction= 0.88) or in subjects with low (< 1 mg/l) or elevated (≥ 1 mg/l) C-reactive protein (P for interaction=0.35). After stratification for stroke type, the hazard ratio for every standard deviation increase was statistically significant both for ischaemic (1.21; 95 %CI: 1.01 to 1.45) and haemorrhagic (1.24; 95 %CI: 1.00 to 1.65) strokes. In conclusion, our data provide clear evidence that elevated levels of D-dimers are potential risk factors not only for ischaemic but also for haemorrhagic strokes.
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48
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Ricceri F, Giraudo MT, Fasanelli F, Milanese D, Sciannameo V, Fiorini L, Sacerdote C. Diet and endometrial cancer: a focus on the role of fruit and vegetable intake, Mediterranean diet and dietary inflammatory index in the endometrial cancer risk. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:757. [PMID: 29132343 PMCID: PMC5683600 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in European women. The major risk factors for endometrial cancer are related to the exposure of endometrium to estrogens not opposed to progestogens, that can lead to a chronic endometrial inflammation. Diet may play a role in cancer risk by modulating chronic inflammation. METHODS In the framework of a case-control study, we recruited 297 women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer and 307 controls from Northern Italy. Using logistic regression, we investigated the role of fruit and vegetable intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in endometrial cancer risk. RESULTS Women in the highest quintile of vegetable intake had a statistically significantly lower endometrial cancer risk (adjusted OR 5th quintile vs 1st quintile: 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.68). Women with high adherence to the MD had a risk of endometrial cancer that was about half that of women with low adherence to the MD (adjusted OR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.86). A protective effect was detected for all the lower quintiles of DII, with the highest protective effect seen for the lowest quintile (adjusted OR 5th quintile vs 1st quintile: 3.28, 95% CI 1.30-8.26). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high vegetable intake, adherence to the MD, and a low DII are related to a lower endometrial cancer risk, with several putative connected biological mechanisms that strengthen the biological plausibility of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano(TO), Italy.,Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia, 164, Grugliasco(TO), Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giraudo
- Department of Mathematics "Giuseppe Peano", University of Turin, Via Carlo Alberto, 10, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Fasanelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and University of Turin, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Milanese
- Department of Mathematics "Giuseppe Peano", University of Turin, Via Carlo Alberto, 10, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Sciannameo
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia, 164, Grugliasco(TO), Italy
| | - Laura Fiorini
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and University of Turin, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and University of Turin, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy.
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Plusquin M, Guida F, Polidoro S, Vermeulen R, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Campanella G, Hoek G, Kyrtopoulos SA, Georgiadis P, Naccarati A, Sacerdote C, Krogh V, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Monique Verschuren WM, Sayols-Baixeras S, Panni T, Peters A, Hebels DGAJ, Kleinjans J, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M. DNA methylation and exposure to ambient air pollution in two prospective cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:127-136. [PMID: 28843141 PMCID: PMC6139298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with several adverse health effects including cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and cancers. However, underlying molecular alterations remain to be further investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on (a) average DNA methylation at functional regions and, (b) individual differentially methylated CpG sites. An assumption is that omic measurements, including the methylome, are more sensitive to low doses than hard health outcomes. This study included blood-derived DNA methylation (Illumina-HM450 methylation) for 454 Italian and 159 Dutch participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Long-term air pollution exposure levels, including NO2, NOx, PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance (soot) were estimated using models developed within the ESCAPE project, and back-extrapolated to the time of sampling when possible. We meta-analysed the associations between the air pollutants and global DNA methylation, methylation in functional regions and epigenome-wide methylation. CpG sites found differentially methylated with air pollution were further investigated for functional interpretation in an independent population (EnviroGenoMarkers project), where (N=613) participants had both methylation and gene expression data available. Exposure to NO2 was associated with a significant global somatic hypomethylation (p-value=0.014). Hypomethylation of CpG island's shores and shelves and gene bodies was significantly associated with higher exposures to NO2 and NOx. Meta-analysing the epigenome-wide findings of the 2 cohorts did not show genome-wide significant associations at single CpG site level. However, several significant CpG were found if the analyses were separated by countries. By regressing gene expression levels against methylation levels of the exposure-related CpG sites, we identified several significant CpG-transcript pairs and highlighted 5 enriched pathways for NO2 and 9 for NOx mainly related to the immune system and its regulation. Our findings support results on global hypomethylation associated with air pollution, and suggest that the shores and shelves of CpG islands and gene bodies are mostly affected by higher exposure to NO2 and NOx. Functional differences in the immune system were suggested by transcriptome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Plusquin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Florence Guida
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Campanella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tommaso Panni
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennie G A J Hebels
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; IIGM, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Biomarkers of inflammation and breast cancer risk: a case-control study nested in the EPIC-Varese cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12708. [PMID: 28983080 PMCID: PMC5629213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Adipokines, and other inflammation molecules linked to adiposity, are suspected to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, however prospective findings are inconclusive. In a prospective nested case-control study within the EPIC-Varese cohort, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for BC, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), in relation to plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, leptin, and adiponectin, controlling for BC risk factors. After a median 14.9 years, 351 BC cases were identified and matched to 351 controls. No marker was significantly associated with BC risk overall. Significant interactions between menopausal status and CRP, leptin, and adiponectin were found. Among postmenopausal women, high CRP was significantly associated with increased BC risk, and high adiponectin with significantly reduced risk. Among premenopausal women, high TNF-α was associated with significantly increased risk, and high leptin with reduced risk; interleukin-6 was associated with increased risk only in a continuous model. These findings constitute further evidence that inflammation plays a role in breast cancer. Interventions to lower CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 and increase adiponectin levels may contribute to preventing BC.
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