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Shen Y, Bovee TFH, Molenaar D, Weide Y, Nolles A, Braucic Mitrovic C, van Leeuwen SPJ, Louisse J, Hamers T. Optimized methods for measuring competitive binding of chemical substances to thyroid hormone distributor proteins transthyretin and thyroxine binding globulin. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03842-y. [PMID: 39167138 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) are two major thyroid hormone (TH) distributor proteins in human plasma, playing important roles in stabilizing the TH levels in plasma, delivery of TH to target tissues, and trans-barrier transport. Binding of xenobiotics to these distributor proteins can potentially affect all these three important roles of distributor proteins. Therefore, fast and cost-effective experimental methods are required for both TTR and TBG to screen both existing and new chemicals for their potential binding. In the present study, the TTR-binding assay was therefore simplified, optimized and pre-validated, while a new TBG-binding assay was developed based on fluorescence polarization as a readout. Seven model compounds (including positive and negative controls) were tested in the pre-validation study of the optimized TTR-binding assay and in the newly developed TBG-binding assay. The dissociation constants of the natural ligand (thyroxine, T4) and potential competitors were determined and compared between two distributor proteins, showing striking differences for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoran Weide
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antsje Nolles
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Braucic Mitrovic
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P J van Leeuwen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fu M, Ren Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Guo W, Zhang W. Study of iodine transport and thyroid hormone levels in the human placenta under different iodine nutritional status. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1488-1496. [PMID: 38221821 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Iodine and thyroid hormones (TH) transport in the placenta are essential for fetal growth and development, but there is little research focus on the human placenta. The research aimed to investigate iodine and TH transport mechanisms in the human placenta. The placenta was collected from sixty healthy pregnant women. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine concentration (SIC), placenta iodine storage (PIS) and the concentration of serum and placenta TH were examined. Five pregnant women were selected as insufficient intake (II), adequate intake (AI) and above requirements intake (ARI) groups. Localisation/expression of placental sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and Pendrin were also studied. Results showed that PIS positively correlated with the UIC (R = 0·58, P < 0·001) and SIC (R = 0·55, P < 0·001), and PIS was higher in the ARI group than that in the AI group (P = 0·017). NIS in the ARI group was higher than that in the AI group on the maternal side of the placenta (P < 0·05). NIS in the II group was higher than that in the AI group on the fetal side (P < 0·05). In the II group, NIS on the fetal side was higher than on the maternal side (P < 0·05). Pendrin was higher in the II group than in the AI group on the maternal side (P < 0·05). Free triiodothyronine (r = 0·44, P = 0·0067) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (r = 0·75, P < 0·001) between maternal and fetal side is positively correlated. This study suggests that maternal iodine intake changes the expression of NIS and Pendrin, thereby affecting PIS. Serum TH levels were not correlated with placental TH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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Young M, Tang M, Li H, Richard DJ, McLeod DSA, d'Emden MC, Richard K. Transthyretin binds soluble endoglin and increases its uptake by hepatocytes: A possible role for transthyretin in preeclampsia? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 562:111851. [PMID: 36634839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a common but life-threatening condition of pregnancy. It is caused by poor placentation resulting in release of trophoblast material (including soluble endoglin (sEng)) into the maternal circulation leading to maternal vascular dysfunction and to the life-threatening condition of eclampsia. The only cure is early delivery, which can have lifelong consequences for the premature child. The thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin is dysregulated in preeclampsia, however it is not known if this plays a role in disease pathology. We hypothesised that transthyretin may bind sEng and abrogate its negative effects by removing it from the maternal serum. METHODS The effect of transthyretin on hepatocyte uptake of Alexa-labelled sEng was measured using live cell imaging. Interactions between transthyretin, and sEng were investigated using molecular modelling, direct binding on CnBr Sepharose columns, confocal imaging, and measurement of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. RESULTS Transthyretin directly bound to sEng and increased its uptake by hepatocytes. This uptake was altered in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Molecular modelling predicted that transthyretin and TGF-β1 bind at the same site in sEng and may compete for binding. Endocytosed transthyretin and endoglin entered cells together and co-localised inside hepatocyte cells. CONCLUSION Transthyretin can bind sEng and increase its uptake from the extracellular medium. This suggests that increasing transthyretin levels or developing drugs that normalise or mimic transthyretin, may provide treatment options to reduce sEng induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Young
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ming Tang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huika Li
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael C d'Emden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia
| | - Kerry Richard
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia.
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Zuñiga LFF, Muñoz YS, Pustovrh MC. Thyroid hormones: Metabolism and transportation in the fetoplacental unit. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:526-539. [PMID: 36208482 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are of vital importance for fetal development. The concentration of THs in fetal circulation varies throughout gestation and differs from the concentration in the maternal serum, indicating the presence of maternal-fetal thyroid homeostasis regulatory mechanisms in the placenta. The passage of THs from maternal circulation to fetal circulation is modulated by plasma membrane transporters, enzymes, and carrier proteins. Monocarboxylate transporter 8, iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3), and transthyretin are especially involved in this maternal-fetal thyroid modulation, shown by a greater expression in the placenta. THs also play a role in placental development and as expected, abnormal variations in TH levels are associated with pregnancy complications and can result in damage to the fetus. Although new evidence regarding TH regulation during pregnancy and its effects in the mother, placenta, and fetus has been published, many aspects of these interactions are still poorly understood. The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based update, drawn from current data, on the metabolism and transport of THs in the placenta and their vital role in the maternal-fetal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Falla Zuñiga
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yhoiss Smiht Muñoz
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Carolina Pustovrh
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Jensen RC, Glintborg D, Timmermann CAG, Nielsen F, Boye H, Madsen JB, Bilenberg N, Grandjean P, Jensen TK, Andersen MS. Higher free thyroxine associated with PFAS exposure in first trimester. The Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113492. [PMID: 35597289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with elimination half-lives ranging from four to eight years. Experimental studies found PFAS able to interfere with thyroid hormone-binding proteins. During the first 20 weeks of gestation (GW), the fetus is reliant on placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones, mainly free thyroxine (FT4). However, previous studies investigating associations between exposure to PFAS and thyroid hormone status mainly focused on blood samples from late pregnancy or umbilical cord with mixed findings. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between serum-PFAS concentrations and thyroid hormone status in early pregnancy as reflected by FT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS In the Odense Child Cohort, a single-center study, we measured maternal pregnancy serum concentrations of five PFAS: perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA); and FT4 and TSH in 1048 pregnant women at median GW 12 (25th, 75th percentile: 10, 15). Multivariate linear regression models were performed to estimate associations between PFAS exposure and thyroid hormone status. RESULTS A doubling in PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA concentrations was associated with an increment in FT4 concentration by 1.85% (95% CI: 0.66%, 3.05%), 1.29% (95% CI: 0.21%, 2.39%), and 1.70% (95% CI: 0.48%, 2.94%), respectively, in adjusted analyses. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed across exposure quartiles for PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA in the association with FT4. No association was found between concentrations of PFAS and TSH in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION Exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA was associated with higher FT4 concentrations in women during early pregnancy. The potential clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Christian Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, København K, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Buur Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 16, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9a, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marianne S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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Young MJ, Tang M, Richard DJ, McLeod DSA, d'Emden MC, Richard K. Nicotine binds to the transthyretin-thyroxine complex and reduces its uptake by placental trophoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111642. [PMID: 35395343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A supply of maternal thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is essential for normal human fetal development. Human placental trophoblasts synthesize, secrete and take up the T4 binding protein transthyretin, providing a route for maternal T4 to enter the placenta. Transthyretin is also involved in T4 transport in other tissues such as the brain choroid plexus. Nicotine alters transthyretin synthesis and function in rat choroid plexus. If nicotine influences trophoblast turnover of transthyretin, then it may directly affect placental transfer of T4 to the developing fetus and contribute to the negative impacts of smoking on fetal growth, development and placental function. METHODS The effect of nicotine on trophoblast uptake of Alexa-labelled transthyretin was measured using live cell imaging. The effect of nicotine on protein expression was measured by western blotting. Interactions between transthyretin, T4 and nicotine were investigated using chemical cross-linking techniques and molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Nicotine blocks uptake of transthyretin-T4 by human placental trophoblast cells. Nicotine reduces the expression of the trophoblast scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) that plays a role in transthyretin-T4 uptake. Molecular dynamic modelling suggests that when T4 is bound to transthyretin, nicotine binding increases tetramer stability, reducing the ability of the transthyretin-T4 complex to enter trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that nicotine exposure during pregnancy reduces transplacental transport of transthyretin and T4 to the placenta and developing fetus. This may contribute to the negative effects of smoking on fetal growth, development and pregnancy viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Young
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ming Tang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael C d'Emden
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia
| | - Kerry Richard
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia.
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Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the foetus, stimulating anabolism and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of foetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and foetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the foetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shi Q, Wu M, Chen P, Wei B, Tan H, Huang P, Chang S. Criminal of Adverse Pregnant Outcomes: A Perspective From Thyroid Hormone Disturbance Caused by SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:791654. [PMID: 35047419 PMCID: PMC8761741 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging evidence has shown adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death, occurring in pregnant women after getting infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thyroid hormone disturbance has been unveiled consistently in various studies. As commonly known, thyroid hormone is vital for promoting pregnancy and optimal fetal growth and development. Even mild thyroid dysfunction can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. We explored and summarized possible mechanisms of thyroid hormone abnormality in pregnant women after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and made a scientific thypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes can be the result of thyroid hormone disorder during COVID-19. In which case, we accentuate the importance of thyroid hormone surveillance for COVID-19-infected pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Gallo E, Barbiellini Amidei C, Barbieri G, Fabricio ASC, Gion M, Pitter G, Daprà F, Russo F, Gregori D, Fletcher T, Canova C. Perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in a highly exposed population in the Veneto Region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111794. [PMID: 34358507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and widespread environmental pollutants. People living in Veneto Region (Italy) have been exposed from the late 1970s to 2013 to elevated concentrations of PFAS through drinking water. The effect of PFAS on thyroid function is still controversial and studies focusing on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have shown inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum PFAS and TSH levels and its dose-response relationship in a large population of highly exposed individuals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 21,424 individuals aged 14-39 living in the contaminated area. In the main analysis, participants with prevalent thyroid disease and pregnant women were excluded. Serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured. Generalized Additive Models were used to evaluate the association between TSH levels and serum PFAS, using thin plate spline smooth terms to model the potential non-linear relationship. Models were stratified by sex and age group and adjusted for potential confounders. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between PFAS with prevalent self-reported thyroid disorders. RESULTS We found no association between TSH and any type of PFAS among adolescents or women. A decrease in TSH concentration was observed in association with an IQR increase in PFHxS and a mild decrease in TSH at low levels of PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS among male adults. Self-reported thyroid disease was more common among women with higher levels of PFNA concentrations, whereas all other PFAS were not associated with thyroid diseases regardless of sex or age. CONCLUSIONS Overall there is no evidence of an association between TSH and PFAS. However, some results are suggestive of a possible inverse association of TSH with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS among adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gallo
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Aline S C Fabricio
- Regional Center for Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Gion
- Regional Center for Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy
| | - Gisella Pitter
- Screening and Health Impact Assessment Unit, Azienda Zero-Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Daprà
- Laboratory Department-Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection-Veneto Region, Venice, Italy
| | - Francesca Russo
- Directorate of Prevention, Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health-Veneto Region, Venice, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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10
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Identifying new molecular players in extracellular proteostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:321-334. [PMID: 34940856 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis refers to a delicately tuned balance between the processes of protein synthesis, folding, localization, and the degradation of proteins found inside and outside cells. Our understanding of extracellular proteostasis is rather limited and largely restricted to knowledge of 11 currently established extracellular chaperones (ECs). This review will briefly outline what is known of the established ECs, before moving on to discuss experimental strategies used to identify new members of this growing family, and an examination of a group of putative new ECs identified using one of these approaches. An observation that emerges from an analysis of the expanding number of ECs is that all of these proteins are multifunctional. Strikingly, the armory of activities each possess uniquely suit them as a group to act together at sites of tissue damage, infection, and inflammation to restore homeostasis. Lastly, we highlight outstanding questions to guide future research in this field.
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11
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Wang YX, Ding YB. The interplay between thyroid hormones and the placenta: a comprehensive review†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:8-17. [PMID: 31494673 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a number of metabolic processes during pregnancy. After implantation, the placenta forms and enhances embryonic growth and development. Dysregulated maternal THs signaling has been observed in malplacentation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not been fully characterized. In this review, we have discussed THs signaling and its roles in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis. We have also explored the relationship between specific pregnancy complications and placental THs transporters, deiodinases, and THs receptors. In addition, we have examined the effects of specific endocrine disruptors on placental THs signaling. The available evidence indicates that THs signaling is involved in the formation and functioning of the placenta and serves as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysthyroidism-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cooke LDF, Tumbarello DA, Harvey NC, Sethi JK, Lewis RM, Cleal JK. Endocytosis in the placenta: An undervalued mediator of placental transfer. Placenta 2021; 113:67-73. [PMID: 33994009 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential mechanism for cellular uptake in many human tissues. A range of endocytic mechanisms occur including clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, the role of endocytosis in the placenta and the spatial localisation of individual mechanisms is not well understood. The two principal cell layers that comprise the placental barrier to maternal-fetal transfer are the syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium. Endocytic uptake into the syncytiotrophoblast has been demonstrated for physiological maternal molecules such as transferrin-bound iron and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and may play an important role in the uptake of several other micronutrients, serum proteins, and therapeutics at both major placental cell barriers. These mechanisms may also mediate placental uptake of some viruses and nanoparticles. This review introduces the mechanisms of cargo-specific endocytosis and what is known about their localisation in the placenta, focussing predominantly on the syncytiotrophoblast. A fuller understanding of placental endocytosis is necessary to explain both fetal nutrition and the properties of the placental barrier. Characterising placental endocytic mechanisms and their regulation may allow us to identify their role in pregnancy pathologies and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D F Cooke
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Life Sciences Building 85, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Cleal
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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13
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Yamauchi K. Evolution of thyroid hormone distributor proteins in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 305:113735. [PMID: 33549607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In plasma, thyroid hormone (TH) is bound to several TH distributor proteins (THDPs), constituting a TH delivery/distribution network. Extensive studies of THDPs from tetrapods has proposed an evolutionary scenario concerning structural and functional changes in THDPs, especially for transthyretin (TTR). When assessing, in an evolutionary context, the roles of THDPs as a component constituting part of the vertebrate thyroid system, the data from fish THDPs are critical. In this review the phylogenetic distributions, spatiotemporal expression patterns and binding properties of THDPs in fish are described, and the question of whether the evolutionary hypotheses proposed in tetrapod THDPs can be applied to fish THDPs is assessed. The phylogenetic distributions of THDPs are highly variable among fish groups. Analysis in this review reveals that the evolutionary hypotheses proposed in tetrapod THDPs cannot be applied to fish THDPs, and that the role of plasma lipoproteins as THDPs grows in importance in fish groups. In primitive fish, zinc is an import factor in TH binding to TTR, and high zinc content may facilitate the acquisition of high TH binding activity during the early evolution of TTR. Finally, the possible roles of THDPs in the vertebrate thyroid system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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14
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Nomiyama K, Tsujisawa Y, Ashida E, Yachimori S, Eguchi A, Iwata H, Tanabe S. Mother to Fetus Transfer of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners (OH-PCBs) in the Japanese Macaque ( Macaca fuscata): Extrapolation of Exposure Scenarios to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11386-11395. [PMID: 32786554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) exposure may disrupt fetal brain development during the critical period of thyroid hormone (TH) action. However, there are limited studies on the OH-PCB transfer to the fetal brain, particularly in primates. In this study, we selected the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) as a model animal for the fetal transfer of OH-PCBs in humans and revealed OH-PCB concentrations and their relationships in maternal and fetal blood, liver, and brain. l-thyroxine (T4)-like OH-PCBs including 4OH-CB187, a major congener in humans, were found in high proportions in the blood, liver, brain, and placenta of pregnant Japanese macaques. OH-PCBs were detected in the fetal brain and liver in the first trimester, indicating their transfer to the brain in the early pregnancy stage. 4OH-CB187 and 4OH-CB202 were the major congeners found in fetal brain, indicating that these T4-like OH-PCBs are transported from maternal blood to the fetal brain via the placenta. These results indicate that further studies are needed on the effects of OH-PCBs on the developing fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsujisawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, INC., 1, Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436 Japan
| | - Emiko Ashida
- Shikoku Institute of Natural History, 470-1, Shimobun-otu, Susaki, Kochi 785-0023, Japan
| | - Syuji Yachimori
- The Yokogurayama Natural Forest Museum. Ochi, 737-12 Ochi-hei, Ochi-cho, Kochi 781-1303, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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15
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Chi Q, Zhang W, Wang L, Huang J, Yuan M, Xiao H, Wang X. Evaluation of structurally different brominated flame retardants interacting with the transthyretin and their toxicity on HepG2 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125749. [PMID: 31927367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are found at quantifiable levels in both humans and wildlife and may potentially cause a health risk. For BFRs and their derivatives, limited information regarding the relationship among the structure, binding affinity to the target protein and toxicity is currently available. In the present work, representative BFRs with different hydroxyl- or bromo-substituents, namely 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 3-hydroxy-2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (3-OH-BDE-47) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), were selected to investigate the interactions with transthyretin (TTR) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. It was noted that BDE-47 had a weak binding affinity to TTR, while 3-OH-BDE-47 and TBBPA had a stronger binding affinity than BDE-47 and thyroxine (T4). Hence, 3-OH-BDE-47 and TBBPA could affect the binding of TTR with its native ligand T4 by competitive binding to TTR, even at equal concentrations, which might be associated with BFR toxicity of endocrine disruption. Negative cooperativity was found for 3-OH-BDE-47 and TBBPA binding to TTR, similar to T4 with a well-established negatively cooperative binding mechanism. The tendency of toxic effects on HepG2 cells for these three BFRs was, 3-OH-BDE-47 > TBBPA > BDE-47, and this order was in good agreement with the binding ability explored by ESI-MS experiments and molecular docking simulation. The observations obtained by this study demonstrate that the binding properties of these BFRs to TTR and their cytotoxicity are correlated with structure differentials and functional substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Huaming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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16
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Peng S, Li C, Xie X, Zhang X, Wang D, Lu X, Sun M, Meng T, Wang S, Jiang Y, Shan Z, Teng W. Divergence of Iodine and Thyroid Hormones in the Fetal and Maternal Parts of Human-Term Placenta. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:27-38. [PMID: 31502179 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta is an important organ that forms a barrier where maternal and fetal exchange takes place. The placenta transport iodine to the fetal circulation by transfer of maternal iodine and deiodination of thyroid hormones (THs). The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of iodine and thyroid hormone transporters in the maternal and fetal sides of human-term placenta. A cross-sectional study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Placental samples (maternal and fetal surfaces) were collected from 113 healthy-term pregnant women. The iodine content; the concentration of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse T3 (rT3); and the enzyme activity of placental type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) and D3 were examined. The mRNA and protein localization/expression of iodine and thyroid hormone transporters in the placenta were also studied. We also analyzed the association between expression level of Na+/I- symporter (NIS), thyroid hormone transporter protein, D3 activity in maternal and fetal surfaces of placenta with iodine content, and thyroid hormone levels. Iodine levels in placental samples from the maternal side were significantly higher than those in samples from the fetal side. T3 and T4 expression in fetal placenta was significantly lower than in maternal placenta. D3 activity in the fetal side of the placentas was significantly higher than that in the maternal side. The mRNA and protein expression of monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8), L-amino acid transporters 1 (LAT1), organic anion transporting polypeptides 4A1 (OATP4A1), and TH binding protein transthyretin (TTR) were significantly increased in maternal side, while the NIS expression was higher in fetal side of human-term placenta. In conclusion, the enzymatic deiodination of thyroid hormones forms a barrier which reduces transplacental passage of the hormones and that the maternal part of the placenta is the primary factor in the mechanism regulating the hormonal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Dandong, Dandong, 118000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Manni Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Du ZP, Feng S, Li YL, Li R, Lv J, Ren WQ, Feng QW, Liu P, Wang QN. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits expression and internalization of transthyretin in human placental trophoblastic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114960. [PMID: 32201330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, fetal thyroid hormones (THs) are dependent on maternal placental transport and their physiological level is crucial for normal fetal neurodevelopment. Earlier research has shown that Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) disrupts thyroid function and THs homeostasis in pregnant women and fetuses, and affects placental THs transport. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study, therefore, aimed to systematically investigate the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced disruption in the placental THs transport using two human placental trophoblastic cells, HTR-8/SVneo cells and JEG-3 cells. While the exposure of DEHP at the doses of 0-400 μM for 24 h did not affect cell viability, we found reduced consumption of T3 and T4 in the culture medium of HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with DEHP at 400 μM. DEHP treatment did not affect T3 uptake and the expression of monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8) and organic anion transporters 1C1 (OATP1C1). However, DEHP significantly inhibited transthyretin (TTR) internalization, down-regulated TTR, deiodinase 2 (DIO2), and thyroid hormone receptors mRNA expression and protein levels, and up-regulated deiodinase 3 (DIO3) protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DEHP acts on placental trophoblast cells, inhibits its TTR internalization, down-regulates TTR expression and affects the expression of DIO2, DIO3, and thyroid hormone receptor. These may be the mechanisms by which PAEs affects THs transport through placental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Du
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Ren
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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18
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Transport of maternal transthyretin to the fetus in the viviparous teleost Neoditrema ransonnetii (Perciformes, Embiotocidae). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:231-241. [PMID: 31980892 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of viviparity in non-mammalian species has not been widely studied. Neoditrema ransonnetii, a surfperch, is a matrotrophic teleost whose fetuses grow by ovarian cavity fluid (OCF) ingestion and by nutrient absorption via their enlarged hindgut. We performed a proteomics analysis of N. ransonnetii plasma protein and found proteins specific to pregnant females; one of these was identified as transthyretin (TTR), a thyroid hormone distributor protein. We synthesized recombinant protein rNrTTR and raised an antibody, anti-rNrTTR, against it. Semi-quantitative analysis by western blotting using the antibody demonstrated that plasma TTR levels were significantly greater in pregnant fish than in non-pregnant fish. OCF and fetal plasma also contained high TTR levels. Immunohistochemical staining showed that large amounts of maternal TTR were taken up by fetal intestinal epithelial cells. These results indicate that maternal TTR is secreted into OCF and taken up by fetal enterocytes, presumably to deliver thyroid hormones to developing fetuses.
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19
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Transthyretin Maintains Muscle Homeostasis Through the Novel Shuttle Pathway of Thyroid Hormones During Myoblast Differentiation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121565. [PMID: 31817149 PMCID: PMC6952784 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest part of the total body mass, influences energy and protein metabolism as well as maintaining homeostasis. Herein, we demonstrate that during murine muscle satellite cell and myoblast differentiation, transthyretin (TTR) can exocytose via exosomes and enter cells as TTR- thyroxine (T4) complex, which consecutively induces the intracellular triiodothyronine (T3) level, followed by T3 secretion out of the cell through the exosomes. The decrease in T3 with the TTR level in 26-week-old mouse muscle, compared to that in 16-week-old muscle, suggests an association of TTR with old muscle. Subsequent studies, including microarray analysis, demonstrated that T3-regulated genes, such as FNDC5 (Fibronectin type III domain containing 5, irisin) and RXRγ (Retinoid X receptor gamma), are influenced by TTR knockdown, implying that thyroid hormones and TTR coordinate with each other with respect to muscle growth and development. These results suggest that, in addition to utilizing T4, skeletal muscle also distributes generated T3 to other tissues and has a vital role in sensing the intracellular T4 level. Furthermore, the results of TTR function with T4 in differentiation will be highly useful in the strategic development of novel therapeutics related to muscle homeostasis and regeneration.
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20
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Thyroid hormones and female reproduction. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:907-921. [PMID: 29767691 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system, since they modulate the metabolism and development of ovarian, uterine, and placental tissues. Therefore, hypo- and hyperthyroidism may result in subfertility or infertility in both women and animals. Other well-documented sequelae of maternal thyroid dysfunctions include menstrual/estral irregularity, anovulation, abortion, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, postpartum thyroiditis, and mental retardation in children. Several studies have been carried out involving prospective and retrospective studies of women with thyroid dysfunction, as well as in vivo and in vitro assays of hypo- and hyperthyroidism using experimental animal models and/or ovarian, uterine, and placental cell culture. These studies have sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which thyroid hormones influence reproduction to better understand the physiology of the reproductive system and to provide better therapeutic tools for reproductive dysfunctions that originate from thyroid dysfunctions. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and update the available information related to the role of thyroid hormones in the morphophysiology of the ovary, uterus, and placenta in women and animals and the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneo F Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natália M Ocarino
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Noyes PD, Friedman KP, Browne P, Haselman JT, Gilbert ME, Hornung MW, Barone S, Crofton KM, Laws SC, Stoker TE, Simmons SO, Tietge JE, Degitz SJ. Evaluating Chemicals for Thyroid Disruption: Opportunities and Challenges with in Vitro Testing and Adverse Outcome Pathway Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:95001. [PMID: 31487205 PMCID: PMC6791490 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive clinical and experimental research documents the potential for chemical disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling through multiple molecular targets. Perturbation of TH signaling can lead to abnormal brain development, cognitive impairments, and other adverse outcomes in humans and wildlife. To increase chemical safety screening efficiency and reduce vertebrate animal testing, in vitro assays that identify chemical interactions with molecular targets of the thyroid system have been developed and implemented. OBJECTIVES We present an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network to link data derived from in vitro assays that measure chemical interactions with thyroid molecular targets to downstream events and adverse outcomes traditionally derived from in vivo testing. We examine the role of new in vitro technologies, in the context of the AOP network, in facilitating consideration of several important regulatory and biological challenges in characterizing chemicals that exert effects through a thyroid mechanism. DISCUSSION There is a substantial body of knowledge describing chemical effects on molecular and physiological regulation of TH signaling and associated adverse outcomes. Until recently, few alternative nonanimal assays were available to interrogate chemical effects on TH signaling. With the development of these new tools, screening large libraries of chemicals for interactions with molecular targets of the thyroid is now possible. Measuring early chemical interactions with targets in the thyroid pathway provides a means of linking adverse outcomes, which may be influenced by many biological processes, to a thyroid mechanism. However, the use of in vitro assays beyond chemical screening is complicated by continuing limits in our knowledge of TH signaling in important life stages and tissues, such as during fetal brain development. Nonetheless, the thyroid AOP network provides an ideal tool for defining causal linkages of a chemical exerting thyroid-dependent effects and identifying research needs to quantify these effects in support of regulatory decision making. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Noyes
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patience Browne
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Jonathan T Haselman
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), ORD, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- Toxicity Assessment Division, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W Hornung
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), ORD, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stan Barone
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan C Laws
- Toxicity Assessment Division, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tammy E Stoker
- Toxicity Assessment Division, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph E Tietge
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), ORD, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sigmund J Degitz
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), ORD, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1 Independent Uptake of Transthyretin by Cultured Hepatocytes Is Regulated by High Density Lipoprotein. J Lipids 2019; 2019:7317639. [PMID: 31316837 PMCID: PMC6604410 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7317639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is essential for the normal function of all cell types and is carried in serum bound to several proteins including transthyretin. Recently, evidence has emerged of alternate pathways for hormone entry into cells that are dependent on hormone binding proteins. Transthyretin and transthyretin bound T4 are endocytosed by placental trophoblasts through the high-density lipoprotein receptor, Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1). High density lipoprotein (HDL) affects the expression and function of SR-B1 in trophoblast cells. SR-B1 is also expressed in hepatocytes and we sought to determine if hepatocyte SR-B1 was involved in transthyretin or transthyretin-T4 uptake and whether uptake was affected by HDL. Transthyretin and transthyretin-T4 uptake by hepatocytes is not dependent on SR-B1. HDL treatment reduced SR-B1 expression. However, pretreatment of hepatocytes with HDL increased uptake of transthyretin-T4. Knockdown of SR-B1 expression using siRNA also increased transthyretin-T4 uptake. Coaddition of HDL to transthyretin uptake experiments blocked both transthyretin and transthyretin-T4 uptake. Hepatocyte uptake of transthyretin-T4 uptake is influenced by, but is not dependent on, SR-B1 expression. HDL also decreases transthyretin-T4 uptake and therefore diet or drugs may interfere with this process. This suggests that multiple lipoprotein receptors may be involved in the regulation of uptake of transthyretin-T4 in a cell-type specific manner. Further study is required to understand this important process.
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Itoh S, Baba T, Yuasa M, Miyashita C, Kobayashi S, Araki A, Sasaki S, Kajiwara J, Hori T, Todaka T, Fujikura K, Nakajima S, Kato S, Kishi R. Association of maternal serum concentration of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls with maternal and neonatal thyroid hormones: The Hokkaido birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:583-590. [PMID: 30173115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the toxicity of hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) for thyroid hormones (TH) is limited, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of environmental prenatal exposure to OH-PCBs and maternal and neonatal TH levels, taking the maternal-fetal TH transfer into account. METHODS In this prospective birth cohort (the "Hokkaido study") we included 222 mother-neonate pairs. We measured five OH-PCB isomers in maternal serum samples either during pregnancy or within 5 days of delivery. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were obtained from maternal blood samples at an early gestational stage (median; 11.1 weeks) and from heel prick samples of neonates between 4 and 7 days after birth. Multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to investigate the associations between maternal OH-PCB and maternal and neonatal TH levels. RESULTS Median concentration of ∑OH-PCBs was 25.37 pg/g wet weight. The predominant isomer was 4-OH-CB187, followed by 4-OH-CB146+3-OH-CB153. In the fully adjusted linear regression analysis, maternal ∑OH-PCBs was positively associated with maternal FT4, and 4-OH-CB187 was positively associated with both maternal and neonatal FT4 levels. Maternal OH-PCBs showed no significant association with TSH among mothers and neonates. Path analysis indicated the indirect pathway from 4-OH-CB187 exposure to increased neonatal FT4, via maternal THs and neonatal TSH. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that maternal exposure to OH-PCBs during pregnancy may increase both maternal and neonatal FT4 levels. Neonatal FT4 is presumed to be increased by prenatal 4-OH-CB187 indirectly, and this process may be mediated by maternal THs and neonatal TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Baba
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuguhide Hori
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Todaka
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Sonomi Nakajima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shizue Kato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Landers KA, Li H, Mortimer RH, McLeod DSA, d'Emden MC, Richard K. Transthyretin uptake in placental cells is regulated by the high-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B member 1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:89-96. [PMID: 29481863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of thyroid hormone into cells is critical for normal physiology and transplacental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones is essential for normal fetal growth and development. Free thyroid hormone is known to enter cells through specific cell surface transport proteins, and for many years this uptake of unbound thyroid hormones was assumed to be the only relevant mechanism. Recently, evidence has emerged of alternate pathways for hormone entry into cells that are dependent on hormone binding proteins. In this study we identify the high-density lipoprotein receptor Scavenger Receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) as important in the uptake and transport of transthyretin-bound thyroid hormone by placental trophoblast cells. High-density lipoprotein increases expression of SR-B1 in placental cells but also reduces uptake of transthyretin-thyroid hormone through the SR-B1 transporter. SR-B1 is expressed in many cells and this study suggests that SR-B1 may be universally important in thyroid hormone uptake. Further investigation of SR-B1-TTR interactions may fundamentally change our understanding of hormone biology and have important clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Landers
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Huika Li
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Robin H Mortimer
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Michael C d'Emden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Kerry Richard
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
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25
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Landers K, Richard K. Traversing barriers - How thyroid hormones pass placental, blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:22-28. [PMID: 28153799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for normal human fetal growth and brain development. As the fetal thyroid does not secrete thyroid hormones until about 18 weeks gestation, early fetal brain development depends on passage of maternal hormone across the placenta into the fetal circulation. To reach the fetal brain, maternally derived and endogenously produced thyroid hormone has to cross the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. In this review we will discuss the complex biological barriers (involving membrane transporters, enzymes and distributor proteins) that must be overcome to ensure that the developing human brain has adequate exposure to thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Landers
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Kerry Richard
- Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
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26
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Dufour P, Pirard C, Charlier C. Determination of phenolic organohalogens in human serum from a Belgian population and assessment of parameters affecting the human contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1856-1866. [PMID: 28545212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many in vitro or in vivo studies highlighted the potential deleterious effects of phenolic organohalogenated compounds (POHs) on the health, particularly on the thyroid system homeostasis, however few large scale human epidemiological studies have been carried out, especially in Europe. Further studies monitoring the human contamination by POHs, the sources of exposure and the influence of these compounds on thyroid health are still needed. Therefore we determined the concentrations of 16 POHs (pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 4 bromophenols (BPs), 3 hydroxy-polybromodiphenylethers (OH-PBDEs) and 7 hydroxy-polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs)) in serum from 274 people aged from 18 to 76years old living in Liege (Belgium) and the surrounding area. A questionnaire about their alimentary habits, life style and home environment was also administered to the volunteers. The predominant compound measured in the population was PCP (median concentration of 593.0pgmL-1). 4-OH-CB 107, 4-OH-CB 146 and 4-OH-CB 187 were detected in all samples and contributed for 75% of the sum of OH-PCBs (ΣOH-PCBs). The median measured in our population for ΣOH-PCBs was 143.7pgmL-1. TBBPA and 2,4,6-tribromophenol were detected in 31% and 63.8% of the samples respectively while the detection frequency observed for the other BPs and the OH-PBDEs was close to zero. We computed multivariate regression models in order to assess the influence of demographic and lifestyle parameters on the PCP and ΣOH-PCBs contamination levels. Significant correlation was found between the PCP concentration and sex, smoker status, sea fish consumption and level of education, although the model seemed to be a poor (R2=0.14) predictor of the PCP concentration. The model computed for ΣOH-PCBs was more explanatory (R2=0.61) and involved age, BMI and sea fish consumption. Finally, we assessed the parameters affecting the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio. The model proposed involved age, BMI, smoker status and parent PCB level, and explained 41% of the variability of the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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27
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Saha S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya A, Biswas A, Ain R. MicroRNA regulation of Transthyretin in trophoblast differentiation and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16548. [PMID: 29185488 PMCID: PMC5707432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells produce various cytokines, transporters vital to normal embryogenesis. Transthyretin (TTR) aids trans-placental passage of maternal thyroxin (TH) to fetal circulation. Inadequate TH delivery leads to developmental abnormality. Regulation of TTR biosynthesis in placenta is critical for normal embryo development. We showed here that TTR transcripts were expressed more in fetal placenta. Using bioinformatic analysis and confirmation with dual-luciferase reporter assays, we found that miR-200a-3p and miR-141-3p inhibited TTR expression by directly binding to the 3'UTR of TTR, which is reversed by mutation in the microRNA binding site. Differentiation of human trophoblast BeWo cells was associated with decreased TTR transcript and protein levels with concomitant increase in the levels of both microRNAs. Interestingly, ectopic overexpression of the microRNA mimics abrogated thyroxin uptake by BeWo cells, which was reversed by the corresponding inhibitors. Furthermore, in a rat model of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), TTR expression decreased significantly in placenta with reciprocal rise in miR-141-3p but not 200a-3p. In human IUGR placenta, TTR transcript and protein levels were significantly lower associated with high expression of miR-141-3p but not 200a-3p. These data provides new insight into physiological role of miR-141-3p in regulating TTR during trophoblast differentiation and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Saha
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shreeta Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Arati Biswas
- Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Guignard D, Gayrard V, Lacroix MZ, Puel S, Picard-Hagen N, Viguié C. Evidence for bisphenol A-induced disruption of maternal thyroid homeostasis in the pregnant ewe at low level representative of human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:458-467. [PMID: 28521160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many uncertainties remain regarding the potential of bisphenol A (BPA) as a thyroid disruptor in mammals and the relevance of experimental data to humans. The relevance of the exposure schemes used in experimental in vivo studies is also a major source of uncertainty when analysing the risk of BPA exposure for human health. In this context, the goals of our study, conducted in an ovine model relevant to human gestation and thyroid physiologies, were to: 1) determine the equivalence of subcutaneous and dietary exposures and 2) determine if environmentally relevant doses of BPA can alter gestational and newborn thyroid functions. The difference between the two routes of exposure was mainly related to the overall BPA exposure and much less to the peak serum concentrations. Interestingly, BPA-GLUC (the main metabolite of BPA) internal exposure via both routes was almost identical. The decrease in thyroid hormones concentration overtime was more accentuated in ewes treated with BPA, particularly with the medium dose (50 μg/(kg.d); SC) for which the maximum BPA concentrations were predicted to be within the 1-10 ng/mL range i.e. very similar to the highest blood concentrations reported in humans. The balance between TT4 and rT3 varied differently between the vehicle and the medium dose group. The mechanisms underlying those modifications of maternal thyroid homeostasis remain to be determined. Our study did not evidence significant modification of TSH secretion or binding to serum proteins but might suggest an effect at the level of deiodinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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29
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Yang X, Lyakurwa F, Xie H, Chen J, Li X, Qiao X, Cai X. Different binding mechanisms of neutral and anionic poly-/perfluorinated chemicals to human transthyretin revealed by In silico models. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:574-583. [PMID: 28525871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical forms-dependent binding interactions between phenolic compounds and human transthyretin (hTTR) have been elaborated previously. However, it is not known whether the binding interactions between ionizable halogenated alphatic compounds and hTTR also have the same manner. In this study, poly-/perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were selected as model compounds and molecular dynamic simulation was performed to investigate the binding mechanisms between PFCs and hTTR. Results show the binding interactions between the halogenated aliphatic compounds and hTTR are related to the chemical forms. The ionized groups of PFCs can form electrostatic interactions with the -NH+3 groups of Lys 15 residues in hTTR and form hydrogen bonds with the residues of hTTR. By analyzing the molecular orbital energies of PFCs, we also found that the anionic groups (nucleophile) in PFCs could form electron donor - acceptor interactions with the -NH+3 groups (electrophile) in Lys 15. The aforementioned orientational interactions make the ionized groups of the PFCs point toward the entry port of the binding site. The roles of fluorine atoms in the binding interactions were also explored. The fluorine atoms can influence the binding interactions via inductive effects. Appropriate molecular descriptors were selected to characterize these interactions, and two quantitative structure-activity relationship models were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Felichesmi Lyakurwa
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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30
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Zhu L, Baczyk D, Lye SJ, Zhang Z. Preeclampsia is associated with low placental transthyretin levels. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:385-9. [PMID: 27343320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between placental transthyretin (TTR) level and preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Placental tissues from uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. We measured the mean optical density (OD) of immunohistochemical staining of TTR across multiple sections using Image Pro Plus 6.0. To avoid bias, we used placental tissue array, which contained preeclamptic placentas (n=8) and the control placentas (n=6) on the same slide. RESULTS The mean TTR OD of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placentas (95% confidence interval) from the first trimester was higher than those from the second/third trimester, and term placentas [0.149 (0.014-0.285) for the 1(st) trimester, 0.037 (0.000-0.073) for the 2(nd)/3(rd) trimester, and 0.011 (0.035-0.056) for term; p<0.01]. Although the OD of the second/third trimester placentas appeared greater than that of term placentas, this was not statistically significant. The mean TTR OD of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the severe preeclampsia group was lower than that of controls [0.010 (0.005-0.016) vs. 0.027 (0.013-0.041), p<0.05]. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical expression of TTR in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta decreased significantly after 12 weeks of gestation, paralleling the changing demands of thyroid hormone uptake into the placenta. The reduced TTR expression in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the preeclamptic placenta might impair thyroid hormone uptake and contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dora Baczyk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Placental Transfer of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations with Thyroid Hormones: Beijing Prenatal Exposure Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21699. [PMID: 26898235 PMCID: PMC4762009 DOI: 10.1038/srep21699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in wildlife and human samples worldwide. Toxicology research showed that PFASs could interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis. In this study, eight PFASs, fifteen PFAS precursors and five thyroid hormones were analyzed in 157 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected in Beijing around delivery. Seven PFASs and two precursors were detected in both maternal and cord sera with significant maternal-fetal correlations (r = 0.336 to 0.806, all P < 0.001). The median ratios of major PFASs concentrations in fetal versus maternal serum were from 0.25:1 (perfluorodecanoic acid, PFDA) to 0.65:1 (perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA). Spearman partial correlation test showed that maternal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was negatively correlated with most maternal PFASs (r = −0.261 to −0.170, all P < 0.05). Maternal triiodothyronin (T3) and free T3 (FT3) showed negative correlations with most fetal PFASs (r = −0.229 to −0.165 for T3; r = −0.293 to −0.169 for FT3, all P < 0.05). Our results suggest prenatal exposure of fetus to PFASs and potential associations between PFASs and thyroid hormone homeostasis in humans.
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Ubaldi M, Ricciardelli E, Pasqualini L, Sannino G, Soverchia L, Ruggeri B, Falcinelli S, Renzi A, Ludka C, Ciccocioppo R, Hardiman G. Biomarkers of hippocampal gene expression in a mouse restraint chronic stress model. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 16:471-82. [PMID: 25916519 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute stress provides many beneficial effects whereas chronic stress contributes to a variety of human health issues including anxiety, depression, gastrointestinal problems, cardiac disease, sleep disorders and obesity. The goal of this work was to identify, using a rodent model, hippocampal gene signatures associated with prolonged chronic stress representing candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and pharmacological intervention for stress induced disease. MATERIALS & METHODS Mice underwent 'restraint stress' over 7 consecutive days and hippocampal gene-expression changes were analyzed at 3, 12 and 24 h following the final restraint treatment. RESULTS Data indicated that mice exposed to chronic restraint stress exhibit a differential gene-expression profile compared with non-stressed controls. The greatest differences were observed 12 and 24 h following the final stress test. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that Gpr88, Ttr, Gh and Tac1 mRNAs were modulated in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. These transcripts represent a panel of biomarkers and druggable targets for further analysis in the context of chronic stress associated disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, Italy
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Keelan JA, Leong JW, Ho D, Iyer KS. Therapeutic and safety considerations of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery in pregnancy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the design of effective, safe and tissue-selective nanocarriers for delivering therapeutics to treat malignancies, infections and other diseases. In pregnancy, nanoparticle-based drug formulations could have the potential to selectively target either the placenta and/or fetus, enabling ‘fetal-friendly’ drugs to be administered in pregnancy with minimal risk of off-target effects. A considerable amount of research has been carried out on maternal-placental-fetal nanoparticle uptake, transfer and toxicity using rodent and ex vivo models. However, the development of placental targeting strategies and the therapeutic evaluation of nanoformulations in pregnancy remains in its infancy. While some promising avenues are currently under investigation, much work is needed to bring the advantages of nanoparticle-based drug therapy in pregnancy to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Keelan
- School of Women's and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth WA 6008, Australia
| | - Joan W Leong
- School of Women's and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth WA 6008, Australia
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Diwei Ho
- School of Women's and Infants’ Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth WA 6008, Australia
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - K Swaminatha Iyer
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
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Kim JT, Son MH, Lee DH, Seong WJ, Han S, Chang YS. Partitioning behavior of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants among feto-maternal bloods and tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7411-7422. [PMID: 26000703 DOI: 10.1021/es5051309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including Pb, Cd, T-Hg, MeHg, PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs, PCNs, and PBDD/Fs, were analyzed in 20 paired samples of cord blood, maternal blood, maternal urine, and placenta. The samples were collected from pregnant mothers and neonates from South Korea in 2010. The distribution of heavy metals among the samples varied with their physicochemical characteristics. The concentrations of Pb and Hg in the maternal and the cord blood samples were significantly correlated each other, implying efficient transplacental transport (TPT). Cd and Hg were accumulated in the placenta, forming protein conjugates, and T-Hg was higher in the cord blood samples than the maternal blood samples due to the binding affinity of Hg with fetal proteins. POPs generally showed the highest concentrations in the maternal serum samples, and the POPs levels in the cord serum and the placenta samples were dependent on the degree of halogenation. The TPT of POPs was seemingly related to lipoprotein transportation. Some PBDE congeners, however, showed their highest concentrations in the cord serum samples, suggesting an additional TPT mechanism. This is the first study to detect PCNs and PBDD/Fs in the cord serum samples, showing that the PCN levels were comparable to other POPs. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) results of the contaminant levels, POPs and heavy metals showed significantly different characteristics, whereas PBDEs had an intermediate attribute. Despite the limited number of participants, the comprehensive analysis of trace contaminants in the paired sample sets enabled us to infer the distribution and TPT mechanism of various contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tae Kim
- †School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hui Son
- †School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- ‡School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 790-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Seong
- ‡School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 790-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- §School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- †School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Relationship between maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation during pregnancy and low birth weight: a longitudinal study of apparently healthy urban Japanese women at very low risk. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:181-5. [PMID: 25676185 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormones cross the placenta and promote fetal development and growth. The present study investigated whether an increase in maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration between the first and third trimesters is a determinant of birth weight during normal pregnancy. METHODS Maternal thyroid hormones and TSH were longitudinally measured at 12, 25, and 36weeks of pregnancy in 163 healthy pregnant women. Low birth weight (LBW) was defined as less than 2500g. ∆TSH12-36W was calculated as the difference in TSH concentrations between 12 and 36weeks of pregnancy. RESULTS Of the 163 neonates, 10 (6.1%) were LBW neonates. Free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were similar at all gestational ages in the normal birth weight (Normal) and LBW groups. However, the median ∆TSH12-36W value was higher in the LBW than the Normal group (1.67 vs. 0.54mIU/L, P=0.008). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ∆TSH12-36 was inversely correlated with birth weight (β=-0.179, P=0.008). CONCLUSION An increase in maternal TSH concentration between the first and third trimesters is an independent determinant of birth weight in normal pregnancy.
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Biological functions of thyroid hormone in placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4161-79. [PMID: 25690032 PMCID: PMC4346950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16024161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone, 3,3,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), modulates several physiological processes, including cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation and proliferation, via interactions with thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes. Infection and inflammation are critical processes in placental development and pregnancy-related diseases. In particular, infection is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, to date, no successful approach has been developed for the effective diagnosis of infection in preterm infants. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious disorder that adversely affects ~5% of human pregnancies. Recent studies identified a multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, including the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, which plays a vital role in the placenta. The thyroid hormone modulates inflammation processes and is additionally implicated in placental development and disease. Therefore, elucidation of thyroid hormone receptor-regulated inflammation-related molecules, and their underlying mechanisms in placenta, should facilitate the identification of novel predictive and therapeutic targets for placental disorders. This review provides a detailed summary of current knowledge with respect to identification of useful biomarkers and their physiological significance in placenta.
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Lancz K, Murínová L, Patayová H, Drobná B, Wimmerová S, Sovčíková E, Kováč J, Farkašová D, Hertz-Picciotto I, Jusko TA, Trnovec T. Ratio of cord to maternal serum PCB concentrations in relation to their congener-specific physicochemical properties. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:91-8. [PMID: 25277764 PMCID: PMC4256144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to characterize placental transfer of some congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and to relate human in utero exposure to these pollutants to their physicochemical properties. We included into the study 1134 births during the period 2002-2003 from two highly PCB contaminated districts in eastern Slovakia. Concentrations of 15 PCB congeners (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 123(+149), 118, 114, 153, 105, 138(+163), 167, 156(+171), 157, 180, 170, and 189) in umbilical cord (C) and maternal serum (M) were determined. The C/M ratios were significantly related, either positively or inversely depending on parameter, to the logarithm of partition coefficient octanol-water (KOW), to fusion enthalpy at the melting point, molecular weight, water solubility, total surface area of the molecule, solvent accessible surface area, melting point, molar volume, and molecular electronegativity distance vector. We found an inverse association between logKOW and lipid adjusted logC/M (const=1.078, b1=-0.179, p<0.001, R(2)=0.039). Parameters evaluated were interrelated except fusion enthalpy at the melting point and electron affinity vs. solubility. We discuss the possible role of cholesterol as a transplacental transporter of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lancz
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Murínová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Beata Drobná
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Sovčíková
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kováč
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Farkašová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Med-Sci 1C, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd, CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Quinete N, Schettgen T, Bertram J, Kraus T. Occurrence and distribution of PCB metabolites in blood and their potential health effects in humans: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11951-11972. [PMID: 24943885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attention has been directed to chemicals with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites belong to one group of environmental contaminants that have been shown to interact with the endocrine system in mammals, including humans. Although recent developments have been made in terms of determination of PCB metabolites in blood samples, still limited number of studies have been able to elucidate their profiles and toxicological and health effects in humans. This review aims to evaluate and compare the levels of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) and methyl sulfone PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs) in blood and their relationship to parent compounds and also address the potential risks and adverse health effects in humans. Levels of OH-PCBs varied between 0.0002 and 1.6 ng g(-1) w/w in human serum/plasma from the selected literature, correlating well with ∑PCBs. In contrast, ∑OH-PCB/∑PCB ratio in animals did not show a significant correlation, which might suggest that the bioaccumulation plays an even more important role in the concentration of OH-PCBs compared to PCB metabolism. Highest levels of MeSO2-PCBs were reported in marine mammals with high selectivity retention in the liver. Health effects of PCB metabolites included carcinogenicity, reproductive impairment, and developmental neurotoxicity, being more efficiently transferred to the brain and across the placenta from mother to fetus in comparison to the parent PCBs. Based on the lack of knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of lower chlorinated OH-PCBs in humans, further studies to identify and assess the risks associated to human exposure are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany,
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Webster GM, Venners SA, Mattman A, Martin JW. Associations between perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs) and maternal thyroid hormones in early pregnancy: a population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:338-47. [PMID: 25019470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs) and human thyroid hormone levels remain unclear, especially during early pregnancy when small changes in maternal thyroid hormones can affect fetal brain development. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between maternal serum PFAS levels and maternal thyroid hormone levels in the early 2nd trimester of pregnancy. METHODS Participants were euthyroid pregnant women (n=152) enrolled in the Chemicals, Health and Pregnancy (CHirP) study based in Vancouver, Canada. Associations between maternal serum PFASs, including perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and repeated measures of maternal thyroid hormones, including free thyroxine (fT4), total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid stimulating home (TSH) were examined using mixed effects linear models. Associations were considered in all women, then separately in women with high (≥ 9 IU/mL) vs normal (<9 IU/mL) levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), a marker of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease). RESULTS Median PFAS concentrations (ng/mL) in maternal sera were 1.0 (PFHxS), 0.6 (PFNA), 1.7 (PFOA) and 4.8 (PFOS). PFASs were not associated with fT4, TT4 or TSH among women with normal TPOAb. However, among the 9% of women with high TPOAb (n=14), interquartile range (IQR) increases of PFASs were associated with a 46-69% increase in maternal TSH (95% CIs ranging from 8% to 123%) (PFNA, PFOA and PFOS only), and with a 3% to 7% decrease in maternal fT4 (95% CIs ranging from -18% to 5%) (all 4 PFASs). PFNA was also associated with higher maternal TSH in the whole sample. CONCLUSIONS PFASs were positively associated with TSH, and weakly negatively associated with fT4 in the subset of pregnant women with high TPOAb, which occurs in 6-10% of pregnancies. PFASs may exacerbate the already high TSH and low fT4 levels in these women during early pregnancy, which is a critical time of thyroid hormone-mediated fetal brain development. The clinical significance of these findings is not clear. We propose a "multiple hit hypothesis" to explain these findings; this hypothesis deserves evaluation in larger, more representative study samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4.
| | - Scott A Venners
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4.
| | - Andre Mattman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Paul׳s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6.
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Bluiding, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3.
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Colicchia M, Campagnolo L, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Valensise H, Moretti C. Molecular basis of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone action during implantation and early development. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:884-904. [PMID: 24943836 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation and early embryo development are finely regulated processes in which several molecules are involved. Evidence that thyroid hormones (TH: T4 and T3) might be part of this machinery is emerging. An increased demand for TH occurs during gestation, and any alteration in maternal thyroid physiology has significant implications for both maternal and fetal health. Not only overt but also subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with infertility as well as with obstetric complications, including disruptions and disorders of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and troubles in early neonatal life. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles related to TH action on ovary, endometrium, trophoblast maturation and embryo implantation. In addition, articles on the regulation of TH activity at cellular level have been reviewed. The findings are hereby summarized and critically discussed. RESULTS TH have been shown to influence endometrial, ovarian and placental physiology. TH receptors (TR) and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone: TSH) receptors (TSHR) are widely expressed in the feto-maternal unit during implantation, and both the endometrium and the trophoblast might be influenced by TH either directly or through TH effects on the synthesis and activity of implantation-mediating molecules. Interestingly, due to the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in TH action (e.g. differential expression of TR isoforms, heterodimeric receptor partners, interacting cellular proteins, and regulating enzymes), the TH concentration in blood is not always predictive of their cellular availability and activity at both genomic and nongenomic level. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known role of TH on the hormonal milieu of the ovarian follicle cycle, which is essential for a woman's fertility, evidence is emerging on the importance of TH signaling during implantation and early pregnancy. Based on recent observations, a local action of TH on female reproductive organs and the embryo during implantation appears to be crucial for a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, an imbalance in the spatio-temporal expression of factors involved in TH activity might induce early arrest of pregnancy in women considered as euthyroid, based on their hormonal blood concentration. In conclusion, alterations of the highly regulated local activity of TH may play a crucial, previously underestimated, role in early pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Further studies elucidating this topic should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Department of Systems' Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, UOC of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 'Isola Tiberina' 00187, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Herbert Valensise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Fatebenefratelli Hospital 'Isola Tiberina', 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanzo Moretti
- Department of Systems' Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, UOC of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 'Isola Tiberina' 00187, Rome, Italy
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Expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 and monocarboxylate transporter 8 in the rat placental barrier and the compensatory response to thyroid dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96047. [PMID: 24763672 PMCID: PMC3999103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) must pass from mother to fetus for normal fetal development and require the expression of placental TH transporters. We investigate the compensatory effect of placental organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 (Oatp1c1) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) on maternal thyroid dysfunction. We describe the expressions of these two transporters in placental barriers and trophoblastic cell populations in euthyroidism and thyroid dysfunction resulting from differential iodine nutrition at gestation day (GD) 16 and 20, that is, before and after the onset of fetal thyroid function. Immunohistochemistry revealed that in the blood-placenta barrier, these two TH transporters were strongly expressed in the villous interstitial substance and were weakly expressed in trophoblast cells. Levels of Oatp1c1 protein obviously increased in the placental fetal portion during maternal thyroid deficiency at GD16. Under maternal thyroid deficiency after the production of endogenous fetal TH, quantitative PCR analysis revealed down-regulation of Oatp1c1 occurred along with up-regulation of Mct8 in trophoblast cell populations isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM); this was consistent with the protein levels in the fetal portion of the placenta. In addition, decreased D3 mRNA at GD16 and increased D2 mRNA on two gestational days were observed in trophoblast cells with thyroid dysfunction. However, levels of Oatp1c1 mRNA at GD16 and D3 mRNA at GD20 were too low to be detectable in trophoblast cells. In conclusion, placental Oatp1c1 plays an essential compensatory role when the transplacental passage of maternal THs is insufficient at the stage before the fetal TH production. In addition, the coordinated effects of Oatp1c1, Mct8, D2 and D3 in the placental barrier may regulate both transplacental TH passage and the development of trophoblast cells during thyroid dysfunction throughout the pregnancy.
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Associations between levels of hydroxylated PCBs and PCBs in serum of pregnant women and blood thyroid hormone levels and body size of neonates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang X, Wang XX, Shusta EV. Creation and Evaluation of a Single-chain Antibody Tetramer that Targets Brain Endothelial Cells. AIChE J 2014; 60:1245-1252. [PMID: 24659822 DOI: 10.1002/aic.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that target and internalize into blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells offer promise as drug delivery agents. Previously, we identified a single-chain antibody (scFvA) capable of binding to the BBB. In an attempt to improve the binding and internalization properties of the single chain antibody (scFvA), a biotinylation tag (Avitag) was fused to scFvA and the protein secreted by yeast. The scFvA-Avitag could be biotinylated by yeast-displayed BirA enzyme and biotinylated scFvA-Avitag could be used to create scFv tetramers. Tetramerization of scFvA improved the internalization of scFvA into BBB endothelial cells, and biotinylated scFvA-Avitag could also be used to target streptavidin-coated quantum dots for BBB endothelial cell internalization. Perfusing the rat brain with scFvA-tetramer confirmed that the antigen targeted by scFvA is distributed on blood side of the BBB, suggesting the potential for downstream application of scFvA in brain-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Xin Xiang Wang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Eric V. Shusta
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
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Vieira M, Saraiva MJ. Transthyretin: a multifaceted protein. Biomol Concepts 2014; 5:45-54. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2013-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTransthyretin is a highly conserved homotetrameric protein, mainly synthetized by the liver and the choroid plexus of brain. The carrier role of TTR is well-known; however, many other functions have emerged, namely in the nervous system. Behavior, cognition, neuropeptide amidation, neurogenesis, nerve regeneration, axonal growth and 14-3-3ζ metabolism are some of the processes where TTR has an important role. TTR aggregates are responsible for many amyloidosis such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Normal TTR can also aggregate and deposit in the heart of old people and in preeclampsia placental tissue. Differences in TTR levels have been found in several neuropathologies, but its neuroprotective role, until now, was described in ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to stress the relevance of TTR, besides its well-known role on transport of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.
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Zhu L, Chen Y, Liu C, Deng H, Zhang N, Wang S, Zhang Z. Transthyretin as a novel candidate biomarker for preeclampsia. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1332-1336. [PMID: 24940434 PMCID: PMC3991523 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is considered to be a potentially fatal complication during pregnancy. However, no effective laboratory assessment has been developed to enable early diagnosis and monitoring of PE. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed transthyretin (TTR) during severe PE and evaluate TTR as a possible biomarker of this disease. TTR levels were determined in the different gestational weeks of normal pregnancy (before 20 weeks, n=41; after 20 weeks, n=39) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TTR concentrations in pregnant females with severe PE (n=43) were compared with those in healthy matched control subjects (n=37) using western blot analysis and ELISA. The median TTR concentration during severe PE in each month of gestation was significantly lower than the concentrations recorded during normal pregnancy. TTR levels in females with severe PE were significantly downregulated compared with the control subjects (P<0.001; area under the curve, 0.834-0.967). Thus, TTR may be used as a potential biomarker of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nawei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Stress susceptibility-specific phenotype associated with different hippocampal transcriptomic responses to chronic tricyclic antidepressant treatment in mice. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:144. [PMID: 24225037 PMCID: PMC3831054 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of chronic treatment with tricyclic antidepressant (desipramine, DMI) on the hippocampal transcriptome in mice displaying high and low swim stress-induced analgesia (HA and LA lines) were studied. These mice displayed different depression-like behavioral responses to DMI: stress-sensitive HA animals responded to DMI, while LA animals did not. Results To investigate the effects of DMI treatment on gene expression profiling, whole-genome Illumina Expression BeadChip arrays and qPCR were used. Total RNA isolated from hippocampi was used. Expression profiling was then performed and data were analyzed bioinformatically to assess the influence of stress susceptibility-specific phenotypes on hippocampal transcriptomic responses to chronic DMI. DMI treatment affected the expression of 71 genes in HA mice and 41 genes in LA mice. We observed the upregulation of Igf2 and the genes involved in neurogenesis (HA: Sema3f, Ntng1, Gbx2, Efna5, and Rora; LA: Otx2, Rarb, and Drd1a) in both mouse lines. In HA mice, we observed the upregulation of genes involved in neurotransmitter transport, the termination of GABA and glycine activity (Slc6a11, Slc6a9), glutamate uptake (Slc17a6), and the downregulation of neuropeptide Y (Npy) and corticotropin releasing hormone-binding protein (Crhbp). In LA mice, we also observed the upregulation of other genes involved in neuroprotection (Ttr, Igfbp2, Prlr) and the downregulation of genes involved in calcium signaling and ion binding (Adcy1, Cckbr, Myl4, Slu7, Scrp1, Zfp330). Conclusions Several antidepressant treatment responses are similar in individuals with different sensitivities to stress, including the upregulation of Igf2 and the genes involved in neurogenesis. However, the findings also reveal that many responses to antidepressant treatments, involving the action of individual genes engaged in neurogenesis, neurotransmitter transport and neuroprotection, depend on constitutive hippocampal transcriptomic profiles and might be genotype dependent. The results suggest that, when and if this becomes feasible, antidepressant treatment should take into consideration individual sensitivity to stress.
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Landers K, Li H, Subramaniam V, Mortimer R, Richard K. Transthyretin-thyroid hormone internalization by trophoblasts. Placenta 2013; 34:716-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Landers K, Mortimer R, Richard K. Transthyretin and the human placenta. Placenta 2013; 34:513-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bytingsvik J, Simon E, Leonards PEG, Lamoree M, Lie E, Aars J, Derocher AE, Wiig O, Jenssen BM, Hamers T. Transthyretin-binding activity of contaminants in blood from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cubs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:4778-4786. [PMID: 23551254 DOI: 10.1021/es305160v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We determined the transthyretin (TTR)-binding activity of blood-accumulating contaminants in blood plasma samples of approximately 4-months-old polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cubs from Svalbard sampled in 1998 and 2008. The TTR-binding activity was measured as thyroxine (T4)-like equivalents (T4-EQMeas). Our findings show that the TTR-binding activity related to contaminant levels was significantly lower (45%) in 2008 than in 1998 (mean ± standard error of mean: 1998, 2265 ± 231 nM; 2008, 1258 ± 170 nM). Although we cannot exclude a potential influence of between-year differences in capture location and cub body mass, our findings most likely reflect reductions of TTR-binding contaminants or their precursors in the arctic environment (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]). The measured TTR-binding activity correlated positively with the cubs' plasma levels of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs). No such association was found between TTR-binding activity and the plasma levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The OH-PCBs explained 60 ± 7% and 54 ± 4% of the TTR-binding activity in 1998 and 2008, respectively, and PFASs explained ≤1.2% both years. Still, almost half the TTR-binding activity could not be explained by the contaminants we examined. The considerable levels of TTR-binding contaminants warrant further effect directed analysis (EDA) to identify the contaminants responsible for the unexplained part of the observed TTR-binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bytingsvik
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Loubière LS, Vasilopoulou E, Glazier JD, Taylor PM, Franklyn JA, Kilby MD, Chan SY. Expression and function of thyroid hormone transporters in the microvillous plasma membrane of human term placental syncytiotrophoblast. Endocrinology 2012; 153:6126-35. [PMID: 23087173 PMCID: PMC4192285 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transplacental passage of thyroid hormones (THs) from mother to fetus in humans has been deduced from observational clinical studies and is important for normal fetoplacental development. To investigate the transporters that regulate TH uptake by syncytiotrophoblast (the primary barrier to maternal-fetal exchange, which lies in direct contact with maternal blood), we isolated the microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) of human term syncytiotrophoblasts. We have demonstrated that MVM vesicles express plasma membrane TH transporter proteins, including system-L (L-type amino acid transporter 1 and CD98), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 8 and 10, organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1A2 and 4A1. We provide the first definitive evidence that the human syncytiotrophoblast MVM is capable of rapid, saturable T(4) and T(3) uptake at similar rates and in a Na(+)-independent manner. These two major forms of THs could not significantly inhibit each others' uptake, suggesting that each is mediated by largely different transporters. No single transporter was noted to play a dominant role in either T(4) or T(3) uptake. Using combinations of transporter inhibitors that had an additive effect on TH uptake, we provide evidence that 67% of saturable T(4) uptake is facilitated by system-L and MCT10 with a minor role played by organic anion-transporting polypeptides, whereas 87% of saturable T(3) uptake is mediated by MCT8 and MCT10. Our data demonstrate that syncytiotrophoblast may control the quantity and forms of THs taken up by the human placenta. Thus, syncytiotrophoblast could be critical in regulating transplacental TH supply from the mother to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Loubière
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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