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Foja C, Senekowitsch S, Winter F, Grimm M, Rosenbaum C, Koziolek M, Feldmüller M, Kromrey ML, Scheuch E, Tzvetkov MV, Weitschies W, Schick P. Prolongation of the gastric residence time of caffeine after administration in fed state: Comparison of effervescent granules with an extended release tablet. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114313. [PMID: 38718842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the gastroretentive capacity of different formulation principles. This was indirectly determined by the absorption behavior of caffeine from the dosage forms. A slow and continuous appearance of caffeine in the saliva of healthy volunteers was used as a parameter for a prolonged gastric retention time. For this purpose, a four-way study was conducted with twelve healthy volunteers using the following test procedures: (1) Effervescent granules with 240 mL of still water administered in fed state, (2) effervescent granules with 20 mL of still water in fed state, (3) extended release (ER) tablet with 240 mL of still water in fed state, and (4) effervescent granules with 240 mL of still water in fasted state. The initial rise of the caffeine concentrations was more pronounced after the intake of the effervescent granules in the fed state compared to that of the ER tablets. However, tmax tended to be shorter in the fed study arms following administration of the ER tablet compared to the granules. Overall, the application of active pharmaceutical ingredients formulated as effervescent granules seems to be a promising approach to increase their gastric residence time after intake in fed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Foja
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Winter
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Feldmüller
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eberhard Scheuch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany.
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2
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Freerks L, Arien T, Mackie C, Inghelbrecht S, Klein S. A toolbox for mimicking gastrointestinal conditions in children: Design and evaluation of biorelevant dissolution media for mimicking paediatric gastric- and small intestinal conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:144-157. [PMID: 37852543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present work was to develop an in vitro toolbox to evaluate the oral administration of dosage forms to children of different age groups and under different administration conditions (fasted/fed). Based on current data on the gastrointestinal physiology of children, a set of new biorelevant media was designed to mimic the composition and physicochemical properties of resting gastric and resting small intestinal fluid in children of different age groups. In addition, guidelines were developed on how to generate fasted and fed state gastric and small intestinal fluids by combining these media with age-specific drinking volumes or portions of already established simulated paediatric breakfast meals, respectively. These fluids can simulate the conditions in the paediatric stomach and small intestine after administration of a dosage form in the fasting state or after a breakfast. The in vitro toolbox was evaluated using the example of pre-school children with a total of five paediatric medicines. Results from the corresponding set of in vitro studies highlight the importance of addressing patient-specific characteristics rather than downscaling existing adult in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Freerks
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tina Arien
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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3
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Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł G, Shuklinova O, Lisowski B, Wiśniowska B, Polak S. 3D printing combined with biopredictive dissolution and PBPK/PD modeling optimization and personalization of pharmacotherapy: Are we there yet? Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103731. [PMID: 37541422 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine requires selecting the appropriate dosage regimen for a patient using the right drug, at the right time. Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD) is a concept suggesting utilization of model-based prediction methods for optimizing the treatment benefit-harm balance, based on individual characteristics of the patient, disease, treatment method, and other factors. Here, we discuss a theoretical workflow comprising several elements, beginning from the physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models, through 3D printed tablets with the model proposed dose, information range and flow, and the patient themselves. We also describe each of these elements, and the connection between them, highlighting challenges and potential obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Olha Shuklinova
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartek Lisowski
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wiśniowska
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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4
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Staniszewska M, Romański M, Polak S, Garbacz G, Dobosz J, Myslitska D, Romanova S, Paszkowska J, Danielak D. A Rational Approach to Predicting Immediate Release Formulation Behavior in Multiple Gastric Motility Patterns: A Combination of a Biorelevant Apparatus, Design of Experiments, and Machine Learning. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2056. [PMID: 37631270 PMCID: PMC10458881 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mechanical stress often impacts drug dissolution from solid oral dosage forms, but in vitro experiments cannot recreate the substantial variability of gastric motility in a reasonable time. This study, for the first time, combines a novel dissolution apparatus with the design of experiments (DoE) and machine learning (ML) to overcome this obstacle. The workflow involves the testing of soft gelatin capsules in a set of fasted-state biorelevant dissolution experiments created with DoE. The dissolution results are used by an ML algorithm to build the classification model of the capsule's opening in response to intragastric stress (IS) within the physiological space of timing and magnitude. Next, a random forest algorithm is used to model the further drug dissolution. The predictive power of the two ML models is verified with independent dissolution tests, and they outperform a polynomial-based DoE model. Moreover, the developed tool reasonably simulates over 50 dissolution profiles under varying IS conditions. Hence, we prove that our method can be utilized for the simulation of dissolution profiles related to the multiplicity of individual gastric motility patterns. In perspective, the developed workflow can improve virtual bioequivalence trials and the patient-centric development of immediate-release oral dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Staniszewska
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Michał Romański
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Justyna Dobosz
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Daria Myslitska
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Svitlana Romanova
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jadwiga Paszkowska
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (G.G.); (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (D.D.)
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Vinarov Z, Butler J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Augustijns P. Assessment of food effects during clinical development. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122758. [PMID: 36801481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Food-drug interactions frequently hamper oral drug development due to various physicochemical, physiological and formulation-dependent mechanisms. This has stimulated the development of a range of promising biopharmaceutical assessment tools which, however, lack standardized settings and protocols. Hence, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of the general approach and the methodology used in food effect assessment and prediction. For in vitro dissolution-based predictions, the expected food effect mechanism should be carefully considered when selecting the level of complexity of the model, together with its drawbacks and advantages. Typically, in vitro dissolution profiles are then incorporated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, which can estimate the impact of food-drug interactions on bioavailability within 2-fold prediction error, at least. Positive food effects related to drug solubilization in the GI tract are easier to predict than negative food effects. Preclinical animal models also provide a good level of food effect prediction, with beagle dogs remaining the gold standard. When solubility-related food-drug interactions have large clinical impact, advanced formulation approaches can be used to improve fasted state pharmacokinetics, hence decreasing the fasted/fed difference in oral bioavailability. Finally, the knowledge from all studies should be combined to secure regulatory approval of the labelling instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Butler
- Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirko Koziolek
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Small Molecule CMC Development, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Han M, Xu J, Lin Y. Approaches of formulation bridging in support of orally administered drug product development. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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O’Farrell C, Simmons MJH, Batchelor HK, Stamatopoulos K. The Effect of Biorelevant Hydrodynamic Conditions on Drug Dissolution from Extended-Release Tablets in the Dynamic Colon Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2193. [PMID: 36297627 PMCID: PMC9609852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro release of theophylline from an extended-release dosage form was studied under different hydrodynamic conditions in a United States Pharmacopoeial (USP) dissolution system II and a bespoke in vitro tubular model of the human colon, the Dynamic Colon Model (DCM). Five biorelevant motility patterns extracted from in vivo data were applied to the DCM, mimicking the human proximal colon under baseline conditions and following stimulation using polyethylene glycol or maltose; these represent the lower and upper bounds of motility normally expected in vivo. In the USPII, tablet dissolution was affected by changing hydrodynamic conditions at different agitation speeds of 25, 50 and 100 rpm. Applying different motility patterns in the DCM affected the dissolution profiles produced, with theophylline release at 24 h ranging from 56.74 ± 2.00% (baseline) to 96.74 ± 9.63% (maltose-stimulated). The concentration profiles of theophylline were markedly localized when measured at different segments of the DCM tube, highlighting the importance of a segmented lumen in intestine models and in generating spatial information to support simple temporal dissolution profiles. The results suggested that the shear stresses invoked by the unstimulated, healthy adult human colon may be lower than those in the USPII at 25 rpm and thus insufficient to achieve total release of a therapeutic compound from a hydroxyethyl cellulose matrix. When operated under stimulated conditions, drug release in the DCM was between that achieved at 25 and 50 rpm in the USPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O’Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark J. H. Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah K. Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
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8
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Weitschies W, Müller L, Grimm M, Koziolek M. Ingestible devices for studying the gastrointestinal physiology and their application in oral biopharmaceutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113853. [PMID: 34192551 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ingestible sensor systems are unique tools for obtaining physiological data from an undisturbed gastrointestinal tract. Since their dimensions correspond to monolithic oral dosage forms, such as enteric coated tablets or hydrogel matrix tablets, they also allow insights into the physiological conditions experienced by non-disintegrating dosage forms on their way through the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, the different ingestible sensor systems which can be used for this purpose are described and their potential applications as well as difficulties and pitfalls with respect to their use are presented. It is also highlighted how the data on transit times, pH, temperature and pressure as well as the data from different animal models commonly used in drug product development such as dogs and pigs have contributed to a deeper mechanistic understanding of oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Laura Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Juszczyk E, Kisło K, Żero P, Tratkiewicz E, Wieczorek M, Paszkowska J, Banach G, Wiater M, Hoc D, Garbacz G, Sczodrok J, Danielak D. Development and Bio-Predictive Evaluation of Biopharmaceutical Properties of Sustained-Release Tablets with a Novel GPR40 Agonist for a First-in-Human Clinical Trial. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:804. [PMID: 34071286 PMCID: PMC8227174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained-release (SR) formulations may appear advantageous in first-in-human (FIH) study of innovative medicines. The newly developed SR matrix tablets require prolonged maintenance of API concentration in plasma and should be reliably assessed for the risk of uncontrolled release of the drug. In the present study, we describe the development of a robust SR matrix tablet with a novel G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) agonist for first-in-human studies and introduce a general workflow for the successful development of SR formulations for innovative APIs. The hydrophilic matrix tablets containing the labeled API dose of 5, 30, or 120 mg were evaluated with several methods: standard USP II dissolution, bio-predictive dissolution tests, and the texture and matrix formation analysis. The standard dissolution tests allowed preselection of the prototypes with the targeted dissolution rate, while the subsequent studies in physiologically relevant conditions revealed unwanted and potentially harmful effects, such as dose dumping under an increased mechanical agitation. The developed formulations were exceptionally robust toward the mechanical and physicochemical conditions of the bio-predictive tests and assured a comparable drug delivery rate regardless of the prandial state and dose labeled. In conclusion, the introduced development strategy, when implemented into the development cycle of SR formulations with innovative APIs, may allow not only to reduce the risk of formulation-related failure of phase I clinical trial but also effectively and timely provide safe and reliable medicines for patients in the trial and their further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Juszczyk
- Research and Development Center, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-052 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (E.J.); (K.K.); (P.Ż.); (E.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Kamil Kisło
- Research and Development Center, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-052 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (E.J.); (K.K.); (P.Ż.); (E.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Paweł Żero
- Research and Development Center, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-052 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (E.J.); (K.K.); (P.Ż.); (E.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Ewa Tratkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-052 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (E.J.); (K.K.); (P.Ż.); (E.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Research and Development Center, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-052 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (E.J.); (K.K.); (P.Ż.); (E.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Jadwiga Paszkowska
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (J.P.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (D.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Banach
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (J.P.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (D.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcela Wiater
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (J.P.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (D.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Dagmara Hoc
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (J.P.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (D.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland; (J.P.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (D.H.); (G.G.)
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther Rathenau Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Jaroslaw Sczodrok
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther Rathenau Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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10
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Vinarov Z, Abrahamsson B, Artursson P, Batchelor H, Berben P, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Butler J, Ceulemans J, Davies N, Dupont D, Flaten GE, Fotaki N, Griffin BT, Jannin V, Keemink J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Kuentz M, Mackie A, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, McAllister M, Müllertz A, O'Driscoll CM, Parrott N, Paszkowska J, Pavek P, Porter CJH, Reppas C, Stillhart C, Sugano K, Toader E, Valentová K, Vertzoni M, De Wildt SN, Wilson CG, Augustijns P. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:289-331. [PMID: 33610694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine- l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petr Pavek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Elena Toader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saskia N De Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Vrbanac H, Trontelj J, Kalčič Š, Legen I. Mechanistic study of model drug release from HPMC matrices in fed gastric media. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Mohylyuk V, Goldoozian S, Andrews GP, Dashevskiy A. IVIVC for Extended Release Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets in Consideration of Biorelevant Mechanical Stress. Pharm Res 2020; 37:227. [PMID: 33094368 PMCID: PMC7581586 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose When establishing IVIVC, a special problem arises by interpretation of averaged in vivo profiles insight of considerable individual variations in term of time and number of mechanical stress events in GI-tract. The objective of the study was to investigate and forecast the effect of mechanical stress on in vivo behavior in human of hydrophilic matrix tablets. Methods Dissolution profiles for the marketed products were obtained at different conditions (stirring speed, single- or repeatable mechanical stress applied) and convoluted into C-t profiles. Vice versa, published in vivo C-t profiles of the products were deconvoluted into absorption profiles and compared with dissolution profiles by similarity factor. Results Investigated hydrophilic matrix tablets varied in term of their resistance against hydrodynamic stress or single stress during the dissolution. Different scenarios, including repeatable mechanical stress, were investigated on mostly prone Seroquel® XR 50 mg. None of the particular scenarios fits to the published in vivo C-t profile of Seroquel® XR 50 mg representing, however, the average of individual profiles related to scenarios differing by number, frequency and time of contraction stress. When different scenarios were combined in different proportions, the profiles became closer to the original in vivo profile including a burst between 4 and 5 h, probably, due to stress-events in GI-tract. Conclusion For establishing IVIVC of oral dosage forms susceptible mechanical stress, a comparison of the deconvoluted individual in vivo profiles with in vitro profiles of different dissolution scenarios can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Mohylyuk
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seyedreza Goldoozian
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andriy Dashevskiy
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Danielak D, Milanowski B, Wentowski K, Nogowska M, Kątny M, Rogowski P, Konwicki Ł, Puk E, Pieczuro J, Bawiec M, Garbacz G, Lulek J. Physiologically Based Dissolution Testing in a Drug Development Process-a Case Study of a Successful Application in a Bioequivalence Study of Trazodone ER Formulations Under Fed Conditions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:161. [PMID: 32488427 PMCID: PMC7266804 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of generic extended-release (ER) formulations is challenging. Especially under fed conditions, the risk of failure in bioequivalence trials is high because of long gastric residence times and susceptibility to food effects. We describe the development of a generic trazodone ER formulation that was aided with a biorelevant dissolution evaluation. Trazodone hydrochloride 300-mg monolithic matrix tablets were dissolved both in USP and EMA compliant conditions and in the StressTest device that simulated both physicochemical and mechanical conditions of the gastrointestinal passage. The final formulation was tested against the originator, Trittico XR 300 mg, in a randomized cross-over bioequivalence trial with 44 healthy volunteers, in agreement with EMA guidelines. Initially developed formulations dissolved trazodone similarly to the originator under standard conditions (f2 factor above 50), but their dissolution kinetics differed significantly in the biorelevant tests. The formulation was optimized by the addition of low-viscosity hypromellose and mannitol. The final formulation was approved for the bioequivalence trial. Calculated Cmax were 1.92 ± 0.77 and 1.92 ± 0.63 [μg/mL], AUC0-t were 27.46 ± 8.39 and 29.96 ± 9.09 [μg∙h/mL], and AUC0-∞ were 28.22 ± 8.91 and 30.82 ± 9.41 [μg∙h/mL] for the originator and test formulations, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of all primary pharmacokinetic parameters fell within the 80-125% range. In summary, biorelevant dissolution tests supported successful development of a generic trazodone ER formulation pharmaceutically equivalent with the originator under fed conditions. Employment of biorelevant dissolution tests may decrease the risk of failure in bioequivalence trials of ER formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego st, 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Milanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka st, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Maria Nogowska
- Biofarm Sp. z o.o, 13 Wałbrzyska st, 60-198, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Kątny
- Biofarm Sp. z o.o, 13 Wałbrzyska st, 60-198, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Rogowski
- Biofarm Sp. z o.o, 13 Wałbrzyska st, 60-198, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Puk
- Biofarm Sp. z o.o, 13 Wałbrzyska st, 60-198, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Marek Bawiec
- Institute of Computer Engineering, Control and Robotics, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspańskiego st, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther-Rathenau Strasse 49a, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janina Lulek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka st, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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Simulated migrating motor complex and its impact on the release properties of hydrophilic matrix systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Milanowski B, Hejduk A, Bawiec MA, Jakubowska E, Urbańska A, Wiśniewska A, Garbacz G, Lulek J. Biorelevant In Vitro Release Testing and In Vivo Study of Extended-Release Niacin Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:83. [PMID: 31989330 PMCID: PMC6985042 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin (nicotinic acid, NA) is administered orally as an antihyperlipidemic agent in extended-release (ER) tablets in high doses. Due to rapid absorption and extensive metabolism (non-linear pharmacokinetics), the drug plasma levels are highly variable, which may correlate with side effects. Interestingly, this erratic drug delivery behavior of niacin ER products cannot be clarified by compendial in vitro release testing. The standard dissolution tests do not allow to mimic the selected GI tract characteristics in order to estimate the robustness of formulation under the variability of the physiological conditions. These are characterized by the pH value, impact of motility forces and composition, as well as volume of GI liquids. Our paper demonstrates a comparison of a newly developed ER HPMC niacin formulation with an originator product. The research aimed to design a robust matrix tablet of comparable biopharmaceutical behavior, safety and efficacy. The extensive in vitro investigation, including dynamic studies in flow-through cell apparatus and stress test device, forms the basis for the evaluation of nicotinic acid plasma concentrations in vivo. The occurrence of erratic, multiple NA plasma peaks after the administration of both extended-release products is a result of its local input excess over the metabolic threshold (at the level corresponding to maximum 2% of the administered dose, i.e., 20 mg of drug) due to the mechanical stresses of physiological intensity. We demonstrate how this behavior is similar for both marketed and test products. In this context, we describe how a robust ER matrix and well-designed formulation does not guarantee the test product’s bioequivalence to the comparator one out of reasons unrelated to technology and biopharmaceutical properties, but because of the active compound’s intrinsic pharmacokinetic characteristics, i.e., highly variable, extensive metabolism of nicotinic acid.
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Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Results Using the GastroDuo and the Salivary Tracer Technique: Immediate Release Dosage Forms under Fasting Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120659. [PMID: 31817867 PMCID: PMC6956200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fasted state administration of immediate release (IR) dosage forms is often regarded as uncritical since physiological aspects seem to play a minor role for disintegration and drug release. However, recent in vivo studies in humans have highlighted that fasted state conditions are in fact highly dynamic. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the disintegration and drug release behavior of four different IR formulations of the probe drug caffeine under physiologically relevant conditions with the aid of the GastroDuo. One film-coated tablet and three different capsule formulations based on capsule shells either made from hard gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were tested in six different test programs. To evaluate the relevance of the data generated, the four IR formulations were also studied in a four-way cross-over study in 14 healthy volunteers by using the salivary tracer technique (STT). It could be shown that the IR formulations behaved differently in the in vitro test programs. Thereby, the simulated parameters affected the disintegration and dissolution behavior of the four IR formulations in different ways. Whereas drug release from the tablet started early and was barely affected by temperature, pH or motility, the different capsule formulations showed a longer lag time and were sensitive to specific parameters. However, once drug release was initiated, it typically progressed with a higher rate for the capsules compared to the tablet. Interestingly, the results obtained with the STT were not always in line with the in vitro data. This observation was due to the fact that the probability of the different test programs was not equal and that certain scenarios were rather unlikely to occur under the controlled and standardized conditions of clinical studies. Nonetheless, the in vitro data are still valuable as they allowed to discriminate between different formulations.
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17
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Kambayashi A, Dressman JB. A novel in vivo predictive dissolution testing coupled with a modeling and simulation for hydrogel matrix monolithic extended release oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Schneider F, Koziolek M, Weitschies W. In Vitro and In Vivo Test Methods for the Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E416. [PMID: 31426417 PMCID: PMC6723944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years ago, the first concepts for gastroretentive drug delivery systems were developed. Despite extensive research in this field, there is no single formulation concept for which reliable gastroretention has been demonstrated under different prandial conditions. Thus, gastroretention remains the holy grail of oral drug delivery. One of the major reasons for the various setbacks in this field is the lack of predictive in vitro and in vivo test methods used during preclinical development. In most cases, human gastrointestinal physiology is not properly considered, which leads to the application of inappropriate in vitro and animal models. Moreover, conditions in the stomach are often not fully understood. Important aspects such as the kinetics of fluid volumes, gastric pH or mechanical stresses have to be considered in a realistic manner, otherwise, the gastroretentive potential as well as drug release of novel formulations cannot be assessed correctly in preclinical studies. This review, therefore, highlights the most important aspects of human gastrointestinal physiology and discusses their potential implications for the evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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19
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Zakowiecki D, Hess T, Banach G, Paszkowska J, Garbacz G. Effect of intra- and extragranular addition of highly porous tribasic calcium phosphate on properties of immediate release acyclovir formulation – Comparison with commercial tablets using compendial and biorelevant dissolution methods. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions - A perspective from the UNGAP group. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:31-59. [PMID: 30974173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous intake of food and drugs can have a strong impact on drug release, absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination and consequently, on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. As such, food-drug interactions are one of the main challenges in oral drug administration. Whereas pharmacokinetic (PK) food-drug interactions can have a variety of causes, pharmacodynamic (PD) food-drug interactions occur due to specific pharmacological interactions between a drug and particular drinks or food. In recent years, extensive efforts were made to elucidate the mechanisms that drive pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions. Their occurrence depends mainly on the properties of the drug substance, the formulation and a multitude of physiological factors. Every intake of food or drink changes the physiological conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a precise understanding of how different foods and drinks affect the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination as well as formulation performance is important in order to be able to predict and avoid such interactions. Furthermore, it must be considered that beverages such as milk, grapefruit juice and alcohol can also lead to specific food-drug interactions. In this regard, the growing use of food supplements and functional food requires urgent attention in oral pharmacotherapy. Recently, a new consortium in Understanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes (UNGAP) was established through COST, a funding organisation of the European Union supporting translational research across Europe. In this review of the UNGAP Working group "Food-Drug Interface", the different mechanisms that can lead to pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions are discussed and summarised from different expert perspectives.
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21
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Characterization of the GI transit conditions in Beagle dogs with a telemetric motility capsule. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:221-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Butler J, Hens B, Vertzoni M, Brouwers J, Berben P, Dressman J, Andreas CJ, Schaefer KJ, Mann J, McAllister M, Jamei M, Kostewicz E, Kesisoglou F, Langguth P, Minekus M, Müllertz A, Schilderink R, Koziolek M, Jedamzik P, Weitschies W, Reppas C, Augustijns P. In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: Recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:70-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Koziolek M, Kostewicz E, Vertzoni M. Physiological Considerations and In Vitro Strategies for Evaluating the Influence of Food on Drug Release from Extended-Release Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2885-2897. [PMID: 30155808 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food effects on oral drug bioavailability are a consequence of the complex interplay between drug, formulation and human gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Accordingly, the prediction of the direction and the extent of food effects is often difficult. With respect to novel formulations, biorelevant in vitro methods can be extremely powerful tools to simulate the effect of food-induced changes on the physiological GI conditions on drug release and absorption. However, the selection of suitable in vitro methods should be based on a thorough understanding not only of human GI physiology but also of the drug and formulation properties. This review focuses on in vitro methods that can be applied to evaluate the effect of food intake on drug release from extended release (ER) products during preclinical formulation development. With the aid of different examples, it will be demonstrated that the combined and targeted use of various biorelevant in vitro methods can be extremely useful for understanding drug release from ER products in the fed state and to be able to forecast formulation-associated risks such as dose dumping in early stages of formulation development.
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24
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Pentafragka C, Symillides M, McAllister M, Dressman J, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. The impact of food intake on the luminal environment and performance of oral drug products with a view to in vitro and in silico simulations: a PEARRL review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:557-580. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Using the type of meal and dosing conditions suggested by regulatory agencies as a basis, this review has two specific objectives: first, to summarize our understanding on the impact of food intake on luminal environment and drug product performance and second, to summarize the usefulness and limitations of available in vitro and in silico methodologies for the evaluation of drug product performance after food intake.
Key findings
Characterization of the luminal environment and studies evaluating product performance in the lumen, under conditions suggested by regulatory agencies for simulating the fed state, are limited. Various in vitro methodologies have been proposed for evaluating drug product performance in the fed state, but systematic validation is lacking. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approaches require the use of in vitro biorelevant data and, to date, have been used primarily for investigating the mechanisms via which an already observed food effect is mediated.
Summary
Better understanding of the impact of changes induced by the meal administration conditions suggested by regulatory agencies on the luminal fate of the drug product is needed. Relevant information will be useful for optimizing the in vitro test methods and increasing the usefulness of PBPK modelling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pentafragka
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mira Symillides
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jennifer Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Introduction to the OrBiTo decision tree to select the most appropriate in vitro methodology for release testing of solid oral dosage forms during development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Karkossa F, Klein S. A Biopredictive In Vitro Comparison of Oral Locally Acting Mesalazine Formulations by a Novel Dissolution Model for Assessing Intraluminal Drug Release in Individual Subjects. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1680-1689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Klein S, Seeger N, Mehta R, Missaghi S, Grybos R, Rajabi-Siahboomi A. Robustness of barrier membrane coated metoprolol tartrate matrix tablets: Drug release evaluation under physiologically relevant in vitro conditions. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:368-375. [PMID: 29630933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Robust in vitro drug release behavior is an important feature of extended release (ER) hydrophilic matrix formulations for accurate prediction of in vivo drug release. In this study, ER hydrophilic matrix tablets of metoprolol tartrate were formulated using a high viscosity grade of hypromellose as a rate-limiting polymer. Expectedly, this formulation showed an undesirable initial burst release followed by controlled drug release. Application of a barrier membrane (BM) coating of ethylcellulose with a pore former (hypromellose) resulted in the elimination of the burst effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the robustness of in vitro metoprolol release from BM-coated hydrophilic matrix tablets by simulating the physicochemical properties of gastrointestinal fluids and mechanical stress in the fasted- and fed state human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Uncoated and BM-coated matrices were subjected to various dissolution studies simulating the varying pH conditions and additional physicochemical parameters, and the mechanical stress that can be caused by GI motility during both fasted and fed state GI passage. The BM-coated formulation showed robust drug release without an initial burst in all test scenarios. BM-coated matrix formulations thus represent a very promising approach for obtaining a highly controlled and robust drug release from oral ER formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Klein
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
| | - Nicole Seeger
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Raxit Mehta
- Colorcon Inc., Global Headquarters, 275 Ruth Road, Harleysville, PA 19438, USA
| | - Shahrzad Missaghi
- Colorcon Inc., Global Headquarters, 275 Ruth Road, Harleysville, PA 19438, USA
| | - Relindis Grybos
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany
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Grady H, Elder D, Webster GK, Mao Y, Lin Y, Flanagan T, Mann J, Blanchard A, Cohen MJ, Lin J, Kesisoglou F, Hermans A, Abend A, Zhang L, Curran D. Industry's View on Using Quality Control, Biorelevant, and Clinically Relevant Dissolution Tests for Pharmaceutical Development, Registration, and Commercialization. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:34-41. [PMID: 29074376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article intends to summarize the current views of the IQ Consortium Dissolution Working Group, which comprises various industry companies, on the roles of dissolution testing throughout pharmaceutical product development, registration, commercialization, and beyond. Over the past 3 decades, dissolution testing has evolved from a routine and straightforward test as a component of end-product release into a comprehensive set of tools that the developer can deploy at various stages of the product life cycle. The definitions of commonly used dissolution approaches, how they relate to one another and how they may be applied in modern drug development, and life cycle management is described in this article. Specifically, this article discusses the purpose, advantages, and limitations of quality control, biorelevant, and clinically relevant dissolution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Grady
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas Inc., One Takeda Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015.
| | - David Elder
- David P Elder Consultancy, Hertford, Hertfordshire SG14 2DE, UK
| | - Gregory K Webster
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Yun Mao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Yiqing Lin
- Analytical Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - James Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andy Blanchard
- Worldwide Research and Development, Global Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Michael J Cohen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Global Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Judy Lin
- Biologics Technical Development and Manufacturing, Novartis, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
| | - Filippos Kesisoglou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Andre Hermans
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Andreas Abend
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Limin Zhang
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - David Curran
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406
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Hribar M, Trontelj J, Klančar U, Markun B, Čeligoj Dujc T, Legen I. A Novel Intestine Model Apparatus for Drug Dissolution Capable of Simulating the Peristaltic Action. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1646-1656. [PMID: 27663704 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel dissolution apparatus has been proposed as an alternative apparatus for dissolution testing. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the new intestine model for simulating the peristaltic action (IMSPA), generating the movement that closely mimics peristaltic contractions of the small intestine. Two polyethylene oxide matrix tablet formulations, containing a model drug belonging to class III of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, were tested. Dissolution was also performed in the USP2 apparatus. The release profiles were further compared to the in vivo data to evaluate the in vivo relevance of the new apparatus. The results demonstrated that the novel apparatus showed good discriminatory power between different polyethylene oxide formulations. Moreover, a better relation to the in vivo data was established by the IMSPA as compared to the USP2 apparatus. In conclusion, the model parameters were efficiently controlled to ensure the dissolution conditions crucial for evaluating the in vivo release performance of the tested formulations.
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Koziolek M, Grimm M, Schneider F, Jedamzik P, Sager M, Kühn JP, Siegmund W, Weitschies W. Navigating the human gastrointestinal tract for oral drug delivery: Uncharted waters and new frontiers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:75-88. [PMID: 27037063 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many concepts of oral drug delivery are based on our comprehension of human gastrointestinal physiology. Unfortunately, we tend to oversimplify the complex interplay between the various physiological factors in the human gut and, in particular, the dynamics of these transit conditions to which oral dosage forms are exposed. Recent advances in spatial and temporal resolution of medical instrumentation as well as improved access to these technologies have facilitated clinical trials to characterize the dynamic processes within the human gastrointestinal tract. These studies have shown that highly relevant parameters such as fluid volumes, dosage form movement, and pH values in the lumen of the upper GI tract are very dynamic. As a result of these new insights into the human gastrointestinal environment, some common concepts and ideas of oral drug delivery are no longer valid and have to be reviewed in order to ensure efficacy and safety of oral drug therapy.
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Zakowiecki D, Cal K, Kaminski K, Adrjanowicz K, Swinder L, Kaminska E, Garbacz G. The improvement of the dissolution rate of ziprasidone free base from solid oral formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:922-33. [PMID: 25588366 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at increasing solubility and dissolution rate of ziprasidone free base-Biopharmaceutics Classifaction System (BCS) class II compound. The authors describe a practical approach to amorphization and highlight problems that may occur during the development of formulations containing amorphous ziprasidone, which was obtained by grinding in high-energy planetary ball mills or cryogenic mills. The release of ziprasidone free base from the developed formulations was compared to the reference drug product containing crystalline ziprasidone hydrochloride-Zeldox® hard gelatin capsules. All preparations were investigated using compendial tests (USP apparatuses II and IV) as well as novel, biorelevant dissolution tests. The novel test methods simulate additional elements of mechanical and hydrodynamic stresses, which have an impact on solid oral dosage forms, especially during gastric emptying. This step may prove to be particularly important for many formulations of BCS class II drugs that are often characterized by narrow absorption window, such as ziprasidone. The dissolution rate of the developed ziprasidone free base preparations was found to be comparable or even higher than in the case of the reference formulation containing ziprasidone hydrochloride, whose water solubility is about 400 times higher than its free base.
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Kulinowski P, Woyna-Orlewicz K, Rappen GM, Haznar-Garbacz D, Węglarz WP, Dorożyński PP. An understanding of modified release matrix tablets behavior during drug dissolution as the key for prediction of pharmaceutical product performance – case study of multimodal characterization of quetiapine fumarate tablets. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Garbacz G, Rappen GM, Koziolek M, Weitschies W. Dissolution of mesalazine modified release tablets under standard and bio-relevant test conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:199-208. [PMID: 25557626 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, the development of pH responsive modified release dosage forms is one of the most common approaches to achieve targeted drug delivery. In this study, the dissolution behaviour of eight different modified release (MR) products containing 800 mg mesalazine was investigated. METHODS The performance of the products was compared under simulated fasted state conditions using the paddle apparatus as well as the dissolution stress test device mimicking mechanical stress events of bio-relevant intensity. KEY FINDINGS The dissolution behaviour of the eight tested different pH-responsive MR tablets containing 800 mg mesalazine was dependent on the test conditions. Phases of mechanical stress with physiological intensity influenced the dissolution characteristics and caused in some cases accelerated drug release indicating possible dose dumping. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that besides the investigation of the pH dependency of drug release, the characterisation of the mechanical robustness of the dosage forms is an essential factor determining the dissolution characteristics of such pH-dependent targeted modified release tablets. The susceptibility of 800 mg mesalazine MR tablets towards mechanical stress may be one reason for undesired drug delivery in vivo.
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Eisenächer F, Garbacz G, Mäder K. Physiological relevant in vitro evaluation of polymer coats for gastroretentive floating tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:778-86. [PMID: 25086221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are retained in the stomach for a sufficient time interval, releasing the drug in a controlled manner. According to literature, the floating principle is the most frequently used formulation approach for gastric retention. However, many publications lack information of the floating forces, the impact of different pH-values and almost no information exist concerning the resistance of the floating performance against physiological relevant stress. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of CO2-generating floating bilayer (drug and floating layer) tablets with respect to robustness, drug release profile, pH dependence and floating behaviour. Bilayer tablets were coated with a flexible and water permeable, but CO2-retaining polymer film of either polyvinyl acetate or ammonio-methacrylate copolymer type A. Metformin-HCl was used as a relevant model drug due to its dose-dependent and saturable absorption from the proximal part of the small intestine. To mimic physiological relevant mechanical stress conditions, recently developed dissolution stress tests with pulsed pressures were applied in addition to release studies according to the pharmacopeia. Bilayer tablets coated with polyvinyl acetate showed short floating lag times, reasonable floating strength values, floating durations of more than 24h in simulated gastric fluid and a robust and pH independent release of Metformin-HCl. Tablets coated with ammonio-methacrylate copolymer type A showed a higher permeability for the active ingredient combined with a decreased robustness of the inflated tablets. Both polymers can be used for balloon-like floating devices. The appropriate polymer has to be chosen dependent from the properties of the active ingredient and requested application of the delivery device. Furthermore, the dissolution stress test analysis is able to indicate possible safety issues of gastroretentive formulations as well as to characterise the robustness of formulation principles towards mechanical stresses of bio-relevant intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Eisenächer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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36
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Garbacz G, Cadé D, Benameur H, Weitschies W. Bio-relevant dissolution testing of hard capsules prepared from different shell materials using the dynamic open flow through test apparatus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Batchelor HK, Fotaki N, Klein S. Paediatric oral biopharmaceutics: key considerations and current challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:102-26. [PMID: 24189013 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complex process of oral drug absorption is influenced by a host of drug and formulation properties as well as their interaction with the gastrointestinal environment in terms of drug solubility, dissolution, permeability and pre-systemic metabolism. For adult dosage forms the use of biopharmaceutical tools to aid in the design and development of medicinal products is well documented. This review considers current literature evidence to guide development of bespoke paediatric biopharmaceutics tools and reviews current understanding surrounding extrapolation of adult methodology into a paediatric population. Clinical testing and the use of in silico models were also reviewed. The results demonstrate that further work is required to adequately characterise the paediatric gastrointestinal tract to ensure that biopharmaceutics tools are appropriate to predict performance within this population. The most vulnerable group was found to be neonates and infants up to 6 months where differences from adults were greatest.
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Kostewicz ES, Abrahamsson B, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Butler J, Carlert S, Dickinson PA, Dressman J, Holm R, Klein S, Mann J, McAllister M, Minekus M, Muenster U, Müllertz A, Verwei M, Vertzoni M, Weitschies W, Augustijns P. In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:342-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Development of a bio-relevant dissolution test device simulating mechanical aspects present in the fed stomach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Koziolek M, Grimm M, Garbacz G, Kühn JP, Weitschies W. Intragastric volume changes after intake of a high-caloric, high-fat standard breakfast in healthy human subjects investigated by MRI. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1632-9. [PMID: 24697247 DOI: 10.1021/mp500022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to investigate gastric emptying after intake of a high-caloric and high-fat standard meal as recommended by FDA and EMA for food-effect bioavailability and fed bioequivalence studies. Twelve healthy human subjects (7 male, 5 female) received the standard meal after an overnight fast. MRI was performed before as well as 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 105, 195, 275, and 375 min after meal intake using strong T2-weighted sequences and chemical shift imaging. In addition, 30 min after the beginning of meal intake subjects ingested 240 mL of water representing the recommended coadministration of water during drug intake. Gastric content volume was assessed using T2-weighted images, and fat fraction was estimated using a calculation of fat fraction in chemical shift imaging. In addition, the existence of a mechanism allowing fast gastric emptying of water in the fed state was investigated. After a lag phase of 50-90 min, gastric content volume decreased constantly with a rate of 1.7 mL/min. The water ingested 30 min after the start of the meal intake directly reached the antrum and subsequently was emptied quickly from the human stomach. Complete gastric emptying within 6 h was observed in only one out of 12 subjects. The fat fraction of the intragastric chyme decreased from 9.5% directly after meal intake to 6.3% at the end of the experiments. Moreover, the fat fraction in fundus was significantly higher compared to the antrum. This study contributes fundamental data for the assessment of food effects of solid oral dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Koziolek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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41
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Wilde L, Bock M, Wolf M, Glöckl G, Garbacz G, Weitschies W. Development of pressure-sensitive dosage forms with a core liquefying at body temperature. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 86:507-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Garbacz G, Kandzi A, Koziolek M, Mazgalski J, Weitschies W. Release characteristics of quetiapine fumarate extended release tablets under biorelevant stress test conditions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:230-6. [PMID: 24297600 PMCID: PMC3909154 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was the investigation of robustness and reliability of drug release from 50 to 400 mg quetiapine extended release HPMC matrix tablets towards mechanical stresses of biorelevant intensity. The tests were performed under standard conditions (USP apparatus II) as well as under simulated gastrointestinal stress conditions. Mechanical stresses including pressure and agitation were applied by using the biorelevant dissolution stress test apparatus as it has been introduced recently. Test algorithms already established in previous studies were applied to simulate fasting gastrointestinal conditions. The dissolution experiments demonstrated striking differences in the product performance among standard and stress test conditions as well as dose strengths. In USP apparatus II, dissolution profiles were affected mainly by media pH. The dissolution experiments performed in biorelevant dissolution stress test device demonstrated that stress events of biorelevant intensity provoked accelerated drug release from the tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Garbacz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany,
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Wilde L, Bock M, Glöckl G, Garbacz G, Weitschies W. Development of a pressure-sensitive glyceryl tristearate capsule filled with a drug-containing hydrogel. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:296-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Culen M, Dohnal J. Advances in dissolution instrumentation and their practical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1277-82. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.841184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Koziolek M, Garbacz G, Neumann M, Weitschies W. Simulating the Postprandial Stomach: Biorelevant Test Methods for the Estimation of Intragastric Drug Dissolution. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2211-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Koziolek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department
of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug
Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department
of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug
Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department
of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug
Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Klein S, Garbacz G, Pišlar M, Locatelli I, Liu C, Weitschies W, Siegmund W, Mrhar A, Bogataj M. The role of individual gastric emptying of pellets in the prediction of diclofenac in vivo dissolution. J Control Release 2013; 166:286-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Oral drug delivery research in Europe. J Control Release 2012; 161:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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A novel liquefied gas based oral controlled release drug delivery system for liquid drug formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:334-8. [PMID: 22426133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel liquefied gas based drug delivery system for the oral delivery of liquid and semi-solid drug formulations is presented. The capsule-shaped system is equipped with a capillary as an element controlling the release rate. The delivery mechanism is based on a constant vapor pressure produced by isopentane as a low-boiling liquefied gas. The liquid drug valproic acid (VA) was used as a model compound. The viscosity was increased by the addition of povidone (PVP). The VA-PVP gel exhibited pseudoplastic rheological properties, the shear rate was above 0.1s(-1), similar to a Newtonian liquid. The gels tested in the gas based delivery system provided near-zero-order release kinetics. The longest delivery time was up to ca. 8h. The system is characterized by high flexibility of the delivery rate, which can be achieved by adjusting system parameters such as the diameter and length of the capillary, the vapor pressure of the propellant and the viscosity of the drug formulation.
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The in-vivo performance of oral modified-release dosage forms is determined by the interplay of various physiological- and dosage-form-derived parameters. Thus it is often a challenge to predict the in-vivo drug-release behaviour from modified-release dosage forms based solely on in-vitro release rates.
Key findings
For a long time the most common procedure to obtain in-vitro/in-vivo correlations for modified-release formulations was to apply test conditions typically used for quality control on a retrospective basis. Such so-called ‘compendial approaches’ are typically not biorelevant with respect to volumes, composition and physicochemical properties of the test media and also do not take into consideration the mechanical and hydrodynamic forces that may influence dosage-form behaviour during passage through the gastrointestinal tract.
Summary
This review provides an overview of physiological conditions relevant to in-vivo drug release and of dissolution models which, based on current scientific findings on human gastrointestinal physiology, have been developed to enable a better prediction of the in-vivo performance of oral MR dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Garbacz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Klein
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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50
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Solution Behavior of PVP-VA and HPMC-AS-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions and Their Bioavailability Implications. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2765-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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