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Xia Y, Zou C, Kang W, Xu T, Shao R, Zeng P, Sun B, Chen J, Qi Y, Wang Z, Lin T, Zhu H, Shen Y, Wang X, Guo S, Cui D. Invasive metastatic tumor-camouflaged ROS responsive nanosystem for targeting therapeutic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122678. [PMID: 38917705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Drug transmission through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered an arduous challenge for brain injury treatment following the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest (CA-ROSC). Inspired by the propensity of melanoma metastasis to the brain, B16F10 cell membranes are camouflaged on 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2)-loaded reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered "Padlock" nanoparticles that are constructed by phenylboronic acid pinacol esters conjugated D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS-PBAP). The biomimetic nanoparticles (BM@TP/2ME2) can be internalized, mainly mediated by the mutual recognition and interaction between CD44v6 expressed on B16F10 cell membranes and hyaluronic acid on cerebral vascular endothelial cells, and they responsively release 2ME2 by the oxidative stress microenvironment. Notably, BM@TP/2ME2 can scavenge excessive ROS to reestablish redox balance, reverse neuroinflammation, and restore autophagic flux in damaged neurons, eventually exerting a remarkable neuroprotective effect after CA-ROSC in vitro and in vivo. This biomimetic drug delivery system is a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after CA-ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Chenming Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Weichao Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Rongjiao Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Ping Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Bixi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yiming Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaozhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Haichao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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Pu J, Han J, Yang J, Yu L, Wan H. Anaerobic Glycolysis and Ischemic Stroke: From Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways to Natural Product Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3090-3105. [PMID: 39140296 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious condition that results in high rates of illness and death. Anaerobic glycolysis becomes the primary means of providing energy to the brain during periods of low oxygen levels, such as in the aftermath of an ischemic stroke. This process is essential for maintaining vital brain functions and has significant implications for recovery following a stroke. Energy supply by anaerobic glycolysis and acidosis caused by lactic acid accumulation are important pathological processes after ischemic stroke. Numerous natural products regulate glucose and lactate, which in turn modulate anaerobic glycolysis. This article focuses on the relationship between anaerobic glycolysis and ischemic stroke, as well as the associated signaling pathways and natural products that play a therapeutic role. These natural products, which can regulate anaerobic glycolysis, will provide new avenues and perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Han Y, Ji B, Leng Y, Xie C. Inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor by intraoperative hyperglycemia increased postoperative delirium of aged patients: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38349. [PMID: 39259057 PMCID: PMC11142828 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly people remains unclear. Perioperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is an independent risk indicator for POD, particularly in the elderly. Under cerebral desaturation (hypoxia) during general anesthesia, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is neuroprotective during cerebral hypoxia via diverse pathways, like glucose metabolism and angiogenesis. Hyperglycemia can repress HIF expression and activity. On the other hand, POHG occurred among patients undergoing surgery. For surgical stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation and sympathoadrenal activation may increase endogenous glucose production via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Thus, under the setting of cerebral hypoxia during general anesthesia, we speculate that POHG prevents HIF-1α levels and function in the brain of aged patients, thus exacerbating the hypoxic response of HIF-1 and potentially contributing to POD. This paper sketches the underlying mechanisms of HIF in POD in elderly patients and offers novel insights into targets for preventing or treating POD in the same way as POHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Han
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Ji
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pain Management, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Leng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Jia J, Jiao W, Wang G, Wu J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:975-1012. [PMID: 38126568 DOI: 10.1002/med.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long-term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti-IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti-IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti-IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhong S, Chen W, Wang B, Gao C, Liu X, Song Y, Qi H, Liu H, Wu T, Wang R, Chen B. Energy stress modulation of AMPK/FoxO3 signaling inhibits mitochondria-associated ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102760. [PMID: 37267686 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells and ischemic diseases exhibit unique metabolic responses and adaptations to energy stress. Forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cell metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress response. Although the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/FoxO3a signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of energy stress, the role of AMPK/FoxO3a signaling in mitochondria-associated ferroptosis has not yet been fully elucidated. We show that glucose starvation induced AMPK/FoxO3a activation and inhibited ferroptosis induced by erastin. Inhibition of AMPK or loss of FoxO3a in cancer cells under the glucose starvation condition can sensitize these cells to ferroptosis. Glucose deprivation inhibited mitochondria-related gene expression, reduced mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) copy number, decreased expression of mitochondrial proteins and lowered the levels of respiratory complexes by inducing FoxO3a. Loss of FoxO3a promoted mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, oxygen consumption, lipid peroxide accumulation and abolished the protective effects of energy stress on ferroptosis in vitro. In addition, we identified a FDA-approved antipsychotic agent, the potent FoxO3a agonist trifluoperazine, which largely reduced ferroptosis-associated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injuries in rats through AMPK/FoxO3a/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondria-dependent mechanisms. We found that FoxO3a binds to the promoters of SLC7A11 and reduces CIR-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity through inhibiting the expression of SLC7A11. Collectively, these results suggest that energy stress modulation of AMPK/FoxO3a signaling regulates mitochondrial activity and alters the ferroptosis response. The regulation of FoxO3a by AMPK may play a crucial role in mitochondrial gene expression that controls energy balance and confers resistance to mitochondria-associated ferroptosis and CIR injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiamin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM Syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
| | - Rikang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
| | - Baodong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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Ramakrishna K, Krishnamurthy S. Indole-3-carbinol ameliorated the neurodevelopmental deficits in neonatal anoxic injury in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:31-43. [PMID: 36259087 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anoxia is linked to long-lasting neurodevelopmental deficits. Due to the lack of pharmacological intervention to treat neonatal anoxia, there is interest in finding new molecules for its treatment. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has shown neuroprotective effects in some disease conditions. However, the neuroprotective role of I3C in neonatal anoxia has not been explored. Consequently, we have investigated the effect of I3C on neonatal anoxia-induced brain injury and neurodevelopmental deficits. Rat pups after 30 h of birth were subjected to two episodes of anoxia (10 min in each) at a time interval of 24 h by flowing 100% nitrogen. I3C was administered within 30 min of the second episode of anoxia on a postnatal day (PND) 3 and continued for PND 9. Neurodevelopmental deficits, cortical mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities, oxidative stress, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels, histopathological changes, and apoptosis were measured. I3C treatment dose-dependently ameliorated the neurodevelopmental deficits and somatic growth in anoxic pups. I3C improved mitochondrial function by enhancing the MMP, mitochondrial ETC enzymes, and antioxidants. It blocked the MPTP opening and release of cytochrome C in anoxic pups. Further, I3C reduced the elevated cortical HIF-1α in neonatal anoxic pups. Furthermore, I3C ameliorated histopathological abnormalities and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic indicators Cyt C, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Our study concludes that I3C improved neuronal development in anoxic pups by enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing HIF-1α, and mitigating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Ramakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, India
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Xu S, Zhang N, Cao L, Liu L, Deng H, Hua S, Zhang Y. Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Oxygen-glucose Deprivation-induced Neuronal Damage through Inhibition of the HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway: from Network Pharmacological Finding to Experimental Validation. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:543-554. [PMID: 36790003 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230215100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A network pharmacological analysis combined with experimental validation was used to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of the natural product Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP). BACKGROUND Protecting neurons is critical for acute ischemic stroke treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine is a bioactive component extracted from Chuanxiong. The neuroprotective potential of TMP has been reported, but a systematic analysis of its mechanism has not been performed. OBJECTIVE Based on the hints of network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, the mechanism by which TMP alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal damage through inhibition of the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway was verified. METHOD In this study, we initially used network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses to elucidate the mechanisms involved in TMP's predictive targets on a system level. The HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway mediating the cellular response to hypoxia and apoptosis was considered worthy of focus in the bioinformatic analysis. An oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced PC12 cell injury model was established for functional and mechanical validation. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, intracellular reactive oxygen species, percentage of apoptotic cells, and Caspase-3 activity were determined to assess the TMP's protective effects. Transfection with siRNA/HIF-1α or pcDNA/HIF-1α plasmids to silence or overexpress hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α). The role of HIF-1α in OGD-injured cells was observed first. After that, TMP's regulation of the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway was investigated. The pcDNA3.1/HIF-1α-positive plasmids were applied in rescue experiments. RESULT The results showed that TMP dose-dependently attenuated OGD-induced cell injury. The expression levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, and the Bax/Bcl-2 increased significantly with increasing OGD duration. Overexpression of HIF-1α decreased cell viability, increased BNIP3 expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; siRNA-HIF-1α showed the opposite effect. TMP treatment suppressed HIF-1α, BNIP3 expression, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and was reversed by HIF-1α overexpression. CONCLUSION Our study shows that TMP protects OGD-damaged PC12 cells by inhibiting the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway, which provides new insights into the mechanism of TMP and its neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Dongcheng District Community Health Service Management Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Cao
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM. Tian Jin, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyu Hua
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Chen H, Ma D, Yue F, Qi Y, Dou M, Cui L, Xing Y. The Potential Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in the Progression and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1651-1666. [PMID: 34325641 PMCID: PMC9881070 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210729123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer protein composed of an oxygenregulated functional subunit, HIF-1α, and a structural subunit, HIF-1β, belonging to the basic helixloop- helix family. Strict regulation of HIF-1 protein stability and subsequent transcriptional activity involves various molecular interactions and is primarily controlled by post-transcriptional modifications. Hypoxia, owing to impaired cerebral blood flow, has been implicated in a range of central nervous system (CNS) diseases by exerting a deleterious effect on brain function. As a master oxygen- sensitive transcription regulator, HIF-1 is responsible for upregulating a wide spectrum of target genes involved in glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and erythropoiesis to generate the adaptive response to avoid, or at least minimize, hypoxic brain injury. However, prolonged, severe oxygen deprivation may directly contribute to the role-conversion of HIF-1, namely, from neuroprotection to the promotion of cell death. Currently, an increasing number of studies support the fact HIF-1 is involved in a variety of CNS-related diseases, such as intracranial atherosclerosis, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review article chiefly focuses on the effect of HIF-1 on the pathogenesis and mechanism of progression of numerous CNS-related disorders by mediating the expression of various downstream genes and extensive biological functional events and presents robust evidence that HIF-1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Chen
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; ,Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular Ultrasound, Beijing, China; ,Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; ,Hongxiu Chen and Di Ma contributed equally to this work.
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Hongxiu Chen and Di Ma contributed equally to this work.
| | - Feixue Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajie Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manman Dou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liuping Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqi Xing
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; ,Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular Ultrasound, Beijing, China; ,Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular Ultrasound, Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; E-mail: This work is recommended by Pro Jiachun Feng, The First Hospital of Jilin University.
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11
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Neag MA, Mitre AO, Burlacu CC, Inceu AI, Mihu C, Melincovici CS, Bichescu M, Buzoianu AD. miRNA Involvement in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901360. [PMID: 35757539 PMCID: PMC9226476 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is a debilitating medical condition, currently with only a limited amount of therapies aimed at protecting the cerebral parenchyma. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that via the RNA-induced silencing complex either degrade or prevent target messenger RNAs from being translated and thus, can modulate the synthesis of target proteins. In the neurological field, miRNAs have been evaluated as potential regulators in brain development processes and pathological events. Following ischemic hypoxic stress, the cellular and molecular events initiated dysregulate different miRNAs, responsible for long-terming progression and extension of neuronal damage. Because of their ability to regulate the synthesis of target proteins, miRNAs emerge as a possible therapeutic strategy in limiting the neuronal damage following a cerebral ischemic event. This review aims to summarize the recent literature evidence of the miRNAs involved in signaling and modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, thus pointing their potential in limiting neuronal damage and repair mechanisms. An in-depth overview of the molecular pathways involved in ischemia reperfusion injury and the involvement of specific miRNAs, could provide future perspectives in the development of neuroprotective agents targeting these specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Andreea-Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carina Mihu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen-Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Bichescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Reduce Apoptosis and Regulate BDNF and GDNF Levels in Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137000. [PMID: 35806000 PMCID: PMC9266366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth asphyxia causes brain injury in neonates, but a fully successful treatment has yet to be developed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of group II mGlu receptors activation after experimental birth asphyxia (hypoxia-ischemia) on the expression of factors involved in apoptosis and neuroprotective neurotrophins. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on 7-day-old rats was used as an experimental model. The effects of intraperitoneal application of mGluR2 agonist LY379268 (5 mg/kg) and the specific mGluR3 agonist NAAG (5 mg/kg) (1 h or 6 h after HI) on apoptotic processes and initiation of the neuroprotective mechanism were investigated. LY379268 and NAAG applied shortly after HI prevented brain damage and significantly decreased pro-apoptotic Bax and HtrA2/Omi expression, increasing expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. NAAG or LY379268 applied at both times also decreased HIF-1α formation. HI caused a significant decrease in BDNF concentration, which was restored after LY379268 or NAAG administration. HI-induced increase in GDNF concentration was decreased after administration of LY379268 or NAAG. Our results show that activation of mGluR2/3 receptors shortly after HI prevents brain damage by the inhibition of excessive glutamate release and apoptotic damage decrease. mGluR2 and mGluR3 agonists produced comparable results, indicating that both receptors may be a potential target for early treatment in neonatal HI.
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13
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Damage-responsive neuro-glial clusters coordinate the recruitment of dormant neural stem cells in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1661-1675.e7. [PMID: 35716661 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of stem cells is crucial for tissue repair. Although stem cell niches can provide important signals, little is known about mechanisms that coordinate the engagement of disseminated stem cells across an injured tissue. In Drosophila, adult brain lesions trigger local recruitment of scattered dormant neural stem cells suggesting a mechanism for creating a transient stem cell activation zone. Here, we find that injury triggers a coordinated response in neuro-glial clusters that promotes the spread of a neuron-derived stem cell factor via glial secretion of the lipocalin-like transporter Swim. Strikingly, swim is induced in a Hif1-α-dependent manner in response to brain hypoxia. Mammalian Swim (Lcn7) is also upregulated in glia of the mouse hippocampus upon brain injury. Our results identify a central role of neuro-glial clusters in promoting neural stem cell activation at a distance, suggesting a conserved function of the HIF1-α/Swim/Wnt module in connecting injury-sensing and regenerative outcomes.
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14
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The anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects of EPO through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in MAC-T cells. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:1-10. [PMID: 35714559 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important inflammatory and infected factor of bacterial mastitis, which treated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) in our previous studies, as mastitis cells model in vitro. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known hematopoietic hormone with antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory roles. We hypothesized that EPO might regulate the apoptosis and autophagy to attenuate the inflammation of mastitis. Western blot, RT-PCR, transmission electron microscope analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI were used to evaluate the regulation of EPO on apoptosis and autophagy in inflammatory MAC-T cells. These results demonstrated that EPO promoted the proliferation of MAC-T cells. Meanwhile, EPO had a better anti-inflammatory effect in MAC-T cells with LPS treatment. Certainly, EPO also showed anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. Interestingly, we found that the beneficial effect of EPO on inflammatory MAC-T cells depended on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which was involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Generally, this study provides an insight for EPO to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of inflammatory MAC-T cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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15
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Lu Y, Wang J, Tang F, Pratap UP, Sareddy GR, Dhandapani KM, Capuano A, Arvanitakis Z, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. Regulation and Role of Neuron-Derived Hemoglobin in the Mouse Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5360. [PMID: 35628182 PMCID: PMC9140924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the oxygen transport protein in erythrocytes. In blood, Hb is a tetramer consisting of two Hb-alpha (Hb-α) chains and two Hb-beta (Hb-β) chains. A number of studies have also shown that Hb-α is also expressed in neurons in both the rodent and human brain. In the current study, we examined for age-related regulation of neuronal Hb-α and hypoxia in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of intact male and female mice. In addition, to confirm the role and functions of neuronal Hb-α, we also utilized lentivirus CRISPR interference-based Hb-α knockdown (Hb-α CRISPRi KD) in the non-ischemic and ischemic mouse hippocampus and examined the effect on neuronal oxygenation, as well as induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream pro-apoptotic factors, PUMA and NOXA, and on neuronal survival and neurodegeneration. The results of the study revealed an age-related decrease in neuronal Hb-α levels and correlated increase in hypoxia in the hippocampus and cortex of intact male and female mice. Sex differences were observed with males having higher neuronal Hb-α levels than females in all brain regions at all ages. In vivo Hb-α CRISPRi KD in the mouse hippocampus resulted in increased hypoxia and elevated levels of HIF-1α, PUMA and NOXA in the non-ischemic and ischemic mouse hippocampus, effects that were correlated with a significant decrease in neuronal survival and increased neurodegeneration. As a whole, these findings indicate that neuronal Hb-α decreases with age in mice and has an important role in regulating neuronal oxygenation and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (J.W.); (F.T.)
| | - Fulei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (J.W.); (F.T.)
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (U.P.P.); (G.R.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (U.P.P.); (G.R.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Krishnan M. Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Ana Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.C.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.C.); (Z.A.)
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (U.P.P.); (G.R.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Darrell W. Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (J.W.); (F.T.)
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16
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Stress Granules and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Beyond mRNA Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073747. [PMID: 35409112 PMCID: PMC8998762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Following an ischemic insult, cells undergo endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which increases the ER’s protein-folding and degradative capacities and blocks the global synthesis of proteins by phosphorylating the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is directly related to the dynamics of stress granules (SGs), which are membraneless organelles composed of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA. SGs play a critical role in mRNA metabolism and translational control. Other translation factors are also linked to cellular pathways, including SG dynamics following a stroke. Because the formation of SGs is closely connected to mRNA translation, it is interesting to study the relationship between SG dynamics and cellular outcome in cases of ischemic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of SG dynamics during cerebral ischemia.
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17
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Yanov YK, Kuznetsov MS, Glaznikov LA, Dvoryanchikov VV, Syroezhkin FA, Golovanov AE, Gofman VR. [Lesions of the cortical part of the auditory analyzer in explosive injury]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:14-20. [PMID: 35274887 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228701114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A survey of 48 victims aged 19-36 years with explosive trauma and combined damage to the auditory system was conducted to assess the level of damage to nerve structures by analyzing the bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. All patients underwent electroencephalography (EEG). It is established that akubarotrauma of explosive genesis almost always leads to lesions of the function of the cortical part of the auditory analyzer. Desynchronized activity on the EEG after acubarotrauma is a favorable prognostic sign, indicating only functional disorders of the cortical part of the auditory analyzer. On the contrary, EEG changes of an organic type of cortical or stem nature are an unfavorable prognostic factor, usually accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss with prolonged and incomplete hearing recovery. Promising drugs for the treatment of otoneurological disorders are antihypoxants, in particular, derivatives of triazine indole, which affect the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu K Yanov
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M S Kuznetsov
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Glaznikov
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V V Dvoryanchikov
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F A Syroezhkin
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A E Golovanov
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V R Gofman
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Russian Defense Ministry, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Burn-Associated Acute Kidney Injury-A New Paradigm? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052470. [PMID: 35269613 PMCID: PMC8910144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
O2 deprivation induces stress in living cells linked to free-radical accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) development. Hypoxia is established when the overall oxygen pressure is less than 40 mmHg in cells or tissues. However, tissues and cells have different degrees of hypoxia. Hypoxia or low O2 tension may be present in both physiological (during embryonic development) and pathological circumstances (ischemia, wound healing, and cancer). Meanwhile, the kidneys are major energy-consuming organs, being second only to the heart, with an increased mitochondrial content and O2 consumption. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key players that orchestrate the mammalian response to hypoxia. HIFs adapt cells to low oxygen concentrations by regulating transcriptional programs involved in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism. On the other hand, one of the life-threatening complications of severe burns is acute kidney injury (AKI). The dreaded functional consequence of AKI is an acute decline in renal function. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the aim of this review is to describe the role and underline the importance of HIFs in the development of AKI in patients with severe burns, because kidney hypoxia is constant in the presence of severe burns, and HIFs are major players in the adaptative response of all tissues to hypoxia.
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19
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Rueda‐Carrasco J, Martin‐Bermejo MJ, Pereyra G, Mateo MI, Borroto A, Brosseron F, Kummer MP, Schwartz S, López‐Atalaya JP, Alarcon B, Esteve P, Heneka MT, Bovolenta P. SFRP1 modulates astrocyte-to-microglia crosstalk in acute and chronic neuroinflammation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51696. [PMID: 34569685 PMCID: PMC8567217 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. It fosters a dysfunctional neuron-microglia-astrocyte crosstalk that, in turn, maintains microglial cells in a perniciously reactive state that often enhances neuronal damage. The molecular components that mediate this critical communication are not fully explored. Here, we show that secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), a multifunctional regulator of cell-to-cell communication, is part of the cellular crosstalk underlying neuroinflammation. In mouse models of acute and chronic neuroinflammation, SFRP1, largely astrocyte-derived, promotes and sustains microglial activation, and thus a chronic inflammatory state. SFRP1 promotes the upregulation of components of the hypoxia-induced factor-dependent inflammatory pathway and, to a lower extent, of those downstream of the nuclear factor-kappa B. We thus propose that SFRP1 acts as an astrocyte-to-microglia amplifier of neuroinflammation, representing a potential valuable therapeutic target for counteracting the harmful effect of chronic inflammation in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rueda‐Carrasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - María Jesús Martin‐Bermejo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Guadalupe Pereyra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - María Inés Mateo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Markus P Kummer
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | | | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Pilar Esteve
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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20
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Jha RM, Rani A, Desai SM, Raikwar S, Mihaljevic S, Munoz-Casabella A, Kochanek PM, Catapano J, Winkler E, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan R, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 in Central Nervous System Injury: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11899. [PMID: 34769328 PMCID: PMC8584331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel. Discovered approximately 20 years ago, this channel is normally absent in the CNS but is transcriptionally upregulated after CNS injury. A comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and role of SUR1 in the CNS was published in 2012. Since then, the breadth and depth of understanding of the involvement of this channel in secondary injury has undergone exponential growth: SUR1-TRPM4 inhibition has been shown to decrease cerebral edema and hemorrhage progression in multiple preclinical models as well as in early clinical studies across a range of CNS diseases including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, neuromalignancies, pain, liver failure, status epilepticus, retinopathies and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Given these substantial developments, combined with the timeliness of ongoing clinical trials of SUR1 inhibition, now, another decade later, we review advances pertaining to SUR1-TRPM4 pathobiology in this spectrum of CNS disease-providing an overview of the journey from patch-clamp experiments to phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Shashvat M. Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST—Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Raj Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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21
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Lucero García Rojas EY, Villanueva C, Bond RA. Hypoxia Inducible Factors as Central Players in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709509. [PMID: 34447792 PMCID: PMC8382733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the major cause of death in industrialized countries. The main function of the CV system is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all tissues. During most CV pathologies, oxygen and nutrient delivery is decreased or completely halted. Several mechanisms, including increased oxygen transport and delivery, as well as increased blood flow are triggered to compensate for the hypoxic state. If the compensatory mechanisms fail to sufficiently correct the hypoxia, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, hypoxia plays a central role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CV diseases. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate the gene transcription for hundreds of proteins involved in erythropoiesis, glucose transport, angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling, cell proliferation and survival, among others. The overall regulation of the expression of HIF-dependent genes depends on the severity, duration, and location of hypoxia. In the present review, common CV diseases were selected to illustrate that HIFs, and proteins derived directly or indirectly from their stabilization and activation, are related to the development and perpetuation of hypoxia in these pathologies. We further classify CV diseases into acute and chronic hypoxic states to better understand the temporal relevance of HIFs in the pathogenesis, disease progression and clinical outcomes of these diseases. We conclude that HIFs and their derived factors are fundamental in the genesis and progression of CV diseases. Understanding these mechanisms will lead to more effective treatment strategies leading to reduced morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Acteoside isolated from Colebrookea oppositifolia attenuates I/R brain injury in Wistar rats via modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1565-1577. [PMID: 34365555 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside isolated from methanolic root extract of C. oppositifolia METHODS: Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) brain injury was induced in Wistar rats to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside. Rats were pretreated with acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg, p.o.) before the induction of I/R injury. Parameters such as neurological, motor-cognitive functions were evaluated along with morphological (brain volume, infarct size), biochemical (SOD, Catalase, GSH, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB), histopathological, and gene expression studies (HIF-1α, VEGF) were performed to study the protective effect of acteoside against I/R induced brain injury. RESULTS I/R injury caused significant deterioration of neurological (p < 0.01), motor (p < 0.01) and cognitive (p < 0.01) functions, associated with increase in the brain volume (p < 0.01), and infarct size (p < 0.01); increase in the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB along with significant decrease in SOD, catalase, GSH, and IL-10 (p < 0.01 for all parameters) compared to Sham control group. Histology of brain tissue of disease control group exhibited significant vascular changes, neutrophil infiltration, cerebral oedema, and necrosis of the neuronal cells. Further, the gene-expression studies showed significant increase in the HIF-1α (p < 0.01) and VEGF (p < 0.01) mRNA levels in the I/R control compared to Sham control. Interestingly, the acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg) has prevented the neurological, motor and cognitive dysfunctions, along with inhibiting the morphological, biochemical, histological and gene expression changes induced by I/R-injury (p < 0.05 for 10 mg; p < 0.01 for 25 & 50 mg/kg of acteoside for all the parameters). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acteoside possess potent anti-stroke activity through modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathway along with its potent antioxidant activity.
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23
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Wierońska JM, Cieślik P, Kalinowski L. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathways as Critical Factors in the Consequences and Recovery after Brain Ischemic Hypoxia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081097. [PMID: 34439764 PMCID: PMC8392725 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO•), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation, neuronal and glial activity constitutes the crucial factor that contributes to the development of pathological changes after stroke. One of the early consequences of a sudden interruption in the cerebral blood flow is the massive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in neurons due to NO• synthase uncoupling, which leads to neurotoxicity. Progression of apoptotic or necrotic neuronal damage activates reactive astrocytes and attracts microglia or lymphocytes to migrate to place of inflammation. Those inflammatory cells start to produce large amounts of inflammatory proteins, including pathological, inducible form of NOS (iNOS), which generates nitrosative stress that further contributes to brain tissue damage, forming vicious circle of detrimental processes in the late stage of ischemia. S-nitrosylation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-dependent genes activated in reactive astrocytes play essential roles in this process. The review summarizes the roles of NO•-dependent pathways in the early and late aftermath of stroke and treatments based on the stimulation or inhibition of particular NO• synthases and the stabilization of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Biobank Fahrenheit BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1182
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24
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Cai Y, Zhuang YK, Wu XY, Dong XQ, Du Q, Yu WH, Wang KY, Hu W, Zheng YK. Serum Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1alpha Levels Correlate with Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:717-726. [PMID: 34285494 PMCID: PMC8286156 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s313433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) is a key regulator in hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. We determined the relationship between serum HIF-1α levels and long-term prognosis plus severity of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A total of 97 ICH cases and 97 healthy controls were enrolled. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and hematoma volume were used to assess hemorrhagic severity. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 1–3 at post-stroke 90 days was defined as a poor outcome. Results Serum HIF-1α levels of ICH patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (median, 218.8 vs 105.4 pg/mL; P<0.001) and were substantially correlated with GCS score (r=−0.485, P<0.001), hematoma volume (r=0.357, P<0.001) and GOS score (r=−0.436, P<0.001). Serum HIF-1α levels >239.4 pg/mL discriminated patients at risk of 90-day poor outcome with sensitivity of 65.9% and specificity of 79.3% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.725; 95% confidence interval, 0.625–0.811; P<0.001). Moreover, serum HIF-1α levels >239.4 pg/mL were independently associated with a poor 90-day outcome (odds ratio, 5.133; 95% confidence interval, 1.117–23.593; P=0.036). Conclusion Serum HIF-1α, in close correlation with hemorrhagic severity and poor 90-day outcome, may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cai
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Kun Zhuang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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25
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Schneider Gasser EM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. HIF-2: an important player in neuronal response to ischemia. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1175-1176. [PMID: 34245376 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIPH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIPH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Pan Z, Ma G, Kong L, Du G. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1: Regulatory mechanisms and drug development in stroke. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105742. [PMID: 34182129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or blockage of blood vessels, which has now become one of the main causes of adult death. During stroke, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), as an important regulator under hypoxia conditions, is involved in the pathological process of stroke by regulating multi-pathways, such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, cell survival. However, the roles of HIF-1 in stroke are still controversial, which are related with ischemic time and degree of ischemia. The regulatory mechanisms of HIF-1 in stroke include inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and energy metabolism. The potential drugs targeting HIF-1 have attracted more attention, such as HIF-1 inhibitors, HIF-1 stabilizers and natural products. Based on the role of HIF-1 in stroke, HIF-1 is expected to be a potential target for stroke treatment. Resolving when and what interventions for HIF-1 to take during stroke will provide novel strategies for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Guodong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Linglei Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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27
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Pericyte hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) drives blood-brain barrier disruption and impacts acute ischemic stroke outcome. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:823-842. [PMID: 34046769 PMCID: PMC8487886 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes play essential roles in blood-brain barrier integrity and their dysfunction is implicated in neurological disorders such as stroke although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a master regulator of injury responses, has divergent roles in different cells especially during stress scenarios. On one hand HIF-1 is neuroprotective but on the other it induces vascular permeability. Since pericytes are critical for barrier stability, we asked if pericyte HIF-1 signaling impacts barrier integrity and injury severity in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. We show that pericyte HIF-1 loss of function (LoF) diminishes ischemic damage and barrier permeability at 3 days reperfusion. HIF-1 deficiency preserved barrier integrity by reducing pericyte death thereby maintaining vessel coverage and junctional protein organization, and suppressing vascular remodeling. Importantly, considerable improvements in sensorimotor function were observed in HIF-1 LoF mice indicating that better vascular functionality post stroke improves outcome. Thus, boosting vascular integrity by inhibiting pericytic HIF-1 activation and/or increasing pericyte survival may be a lucrative option to accelerate recovery after severe brain injury.
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28
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Saad MAE, Fahmy MIM, Sayed RH, El-Yamany MF, El-Naggar R, Hegazy AAE, Al-Shorbagy M. Eprosartan: A closer insight into its neuroprotective activity in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22796. [PMID: 33942446 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eprosartan (EPRO), an angiotensin receptor type-1 (AT-1) blocker, exhibited neuroprotective activities in ischemic stroke resulting from focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The current study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective role of EPRO in middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 14 per group): sham-operated group, sham receiving EPRO (60 mg/kg/day, po) group, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, and IR receiving EPRO (60 mg/kg/day, po) group. MCAO led to a remarkable impairment in motor function together with stimulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in the hippocampus of rats. After MCAO, the AT1 receptor in the brain was stimulated, resulting in activation of Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling generating more neuroinflammatory milieu and destructive actions on the hippocampus. Augmentation of caspase-3 level by MCAO enhanced neuronal apoptosis synchronized with neurodegenerative effects of oxidative stress biomarkers. Pretreatment with EPRO opposed motor impairment and decreased oxidative and apoptotic mediators in the hippocampus of rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of EPRO was revealed by downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-β levels and (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Moreover, the study confirmed the role of EPRO against a unique pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its subsequent inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, upregulation of caveolin-1 mRNA level was also observed along with decreased oxidative stress marker levels and brain edema. Therefore, EPRO showed neuroprotective effects in MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia in rats via attenuation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A E Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A E Hegazy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
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29
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Li S, Wang Y, Wang M, Chen L, Chen S, Deng F, Zhu P, Hu W, Chen X, Zhao B, Ma G, Li Y. microRNA-186 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury by directly targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-11. [PMID: 33759271 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that microRNA-186 (miR-186) can be induced under hypoxic conditions, and is associated with apoptosis. This study was undertaken to explore the exact role of this microRNA (miRNA) in the apoptotic death of neurons during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To model cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries, we utilized a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion approach in rats, as well as a model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in Neuro2a cells. We found that in both in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral I/R injuries, levels of miR-186 were markedly decreased. When we overexpressed miR-186, this was associated with a reduction in the apoptotic death of neuroblastoma cells in the OGD/R model system, whereas the opposite was true when this miRNA was instead inhibited. We further found miR-186 to directly target hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) by interacting with the 3'-untranslated region of this mRNA. When we knocked down HIF-1α, this partially overcame the apoptotic death of cells in response to OGD/R injury and associated miR-186 downregulation. Our findings indicate that miR-186 is able to reduce ischemic injury to neurons at least in part through downregulating HIF-1α, suggesting that the miR-186/HIF-1α axis is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, China
| | - Mengxu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Linfa Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peiyi Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weidong Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinglan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, China
| | - You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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30
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Li J, Li C, Yuan W, Wu J, Li J, Li Z, Zhao Y. Targeted Temperature Management Suppresses Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in a Pig Model of Cardiac Arrest. Neurocrit Care 2021; 35:379-388. [PMID: 33403582 PMCID: PMC7785329 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor subtype 2 (VEGFR-2) pathway has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to clarify whether whole-body hypothermic targeted temperature management (HTTM) inhibits the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway in a swine model of cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS Twenty-four domestic male Beijing Landrace pigs were used in this study. CA was electrically induced with ventricular fibrillation and left untreated for 8 min. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved in 16 pigs, which were randomly assigned either to normothermia at 38 °C or to HTTM at 33 °C (each group: n = 8). HTTM was intravascularly induced immediately after ROSC. The core temperature was reduced to 33 °C and maintained for 12 h after ROSC. The serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured with enzyme immunoassay kits 0.5, 6, 12, and 24 h after ROSC. The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 in cerebral cortical tissue was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis 24 h after ROSC. Neurological deficit scores and brain cortical tissue water content were evaluated 24 h after ROSC. RESULTS The serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 were significantly increased under normothermia within 24 h after ROSC. However, these increases were significantly reduced by HTTM. HTTM also decreased cerebral cortical HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein expression 24 h after ROSC (all p < 0.05). HTTM pigs had better neurological outcomes and less brain edema than normothermic pigs. CONCLUSION The HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 system is activated following CA and CPR. HTTM protects against cerebral injury after ROSC, which may be part of the mechanism by which it inhibits the expression of components of the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Junyuan Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
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Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113518. [PMID: 33144066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide. With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the incidence of stroke is also increasing. In addition, there is a shift in the overall stroke burden towards younger age groups, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Stroke in most cases is caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), but in some instances stroke may be caused due to bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Although treatment options for stroke are still limited, with the advancement in recanalization therapy using both pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis some progress has been made in helping patients recover from ischemic stroke. However, there is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome. The current review has assessed the past challenges in developing neuroprotective strategies, evaluated the recent advances in clinical trials, discussed the recent initiative by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in USA for the search of novel neuroprotectants (Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network, SPAN) and identified emerging neuroprotectants being currently evaluated in preclinical studies. The underlying molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies have also been summarized, which could assist in the development of future strategies for combinational therapy in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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32
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Chao CM, Chen CL, Niu KC, Lin CH, Tang LY, Lin LS, Chang CP. Hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning protects against hypothalamic neuron apoptosis in heat-exposed rats by reversing hypothalamic overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and ischemia. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2622-2634. [PMID: 33162790 PMCID: PMC7645337 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in the brain for cerebral ischemia. To elucidate their underlying mechanisms, we first aimed to ascertain whether these proteins participate in the pathogenesis of heat-induced ischemic damage to the hypothalamus of rats. Second, we investigated whether hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (HHP) attenuates heat-induced hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic injury by modulating these proteins in situ. Methods: Anesthetized rats treated with or without HHP were subjected to heat stress. Hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic damage was evaluated by measuring hypothalamic levels of cerebral blood flow (CBF), partial oxygen pressure (PO2), and hypothalamic temperature via an implanted probe. Hypothalamic apoptotic neurons were counted by measuring the number of NeuN/caspase-3/DAPI triple-stained cells. Hypothalamic protein expression of HIF-1α, HSP-72, HO-1, and MMP-9 was determined biochemically. Results: Before the start of the thermal experiments, rats were subjected to 5 hours of HHP (0.66 ATA or 18.3% O2) daily for 5 consecutive days per week for 2 weeks, which led to significant loss of body weight, reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) wet weight and decreased body temperature. The animals were then subjected to thermal studies. Twenty minutes after heat stress, heat-exposed rats not treated with HHP displayed significantly higher core and hypothalamic temperatures, hypothalamic MMP-9 levels, and numbers of hypothalamic apoptotic neurons but significantly lower mean blood pressure, hypothalamic blood flow, and PO2 values than control rats not exposed to heat. In heat-exposed rats, HHP significantly increased the hypothalamic levels of HIF-1α, HSP-72, and HO-1 but significantly alleviated body and hypothalamic hyperthermia, hypotension, hypothalamic ischemia, hypoxia, neuronal apoptosis and degeneration. Conclusions: HHP may protect against hypothalamic ischemic/hypoxic injury and overexpression of MMP-9 by upregulating the hypothalamic expression of HIF-1α, HSP-72, and HO-1 in rats subjected to heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Hospital, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chi Niu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Tang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lieh-Sheng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hao Y, Xin M, Feng L, Wang X, Wang X, Ma D, Feng J. Review Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance and Preconditioning: Methods, Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Challenges. Front Neurol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 33071923 PMCID: PMC7530891 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is increasing in prevalence. The limited therapeutic window and potential severe side effects prevent the widespread clinical application of the venous injection of thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator and thrombectomy, which are regarded as the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Triggered by various types of mild stressors or stimuli, ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) induces adaptive endogenous tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating a multitude cascade of biomolecules, for example, proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and others, which eventually lead to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic and genomic reprogramming. During the past 30 years, IPreC has been widely studied to confirm its neuroprotection against subsequent I/R injury, mainly including local ischemic preconditioning (LIPreC), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC), and cross preconditioning. Although LIPreC has a strong neuroprotective effect, the clinical application of IPreC for subsequent cerebral ischemia is difficult. There are two main reasons for the above result: Cerebral ischemia is unpredictable, and LIPreC is also capable of inducing unexpected injury with only minor differences to durations or intensity. RIPreC and pharmacological preconditioning, an easy-to-use and non-invasive therapy, can be performed in a variety of clinical settings and appear to be more suitable for the clinical management of ischemic stroke. Hoping to advance our understanding of IPreC, this review mainly focuses on recent advances in IPreC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Maida CD, Norrito RL, Daidone M, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Cardioembolic Stroke, Background, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6454. [PMID: 32899616 PMCID: PMC7555650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin, occlusion of small vessels in the brain, and atherosclerosis affecting the cerebral circulation. Increasing evidence shows the intricate function played by the immune system in the pathophysiological variations that take place after cerebral ischemic injury. Following the ischemic cerebral harm, we can observe consequent neuroinflammation that causes additional damage provoking the death of the cells; on the other hand, it also plays a beneficial role in stimulating remedial action. Immune mediators are the origin of signals with a proinflammatory position that can boost the cells in the brain and promote the penetration of numerous inflammatory cytotypes (various subtypes of T cells, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and different inflammatory cells) within the area affected by ischemia; this process is responsible for further ischemic damage of the brain. This inflammatory process seems to involve both the cerebral tissue and the whole organism in cardioembolic stroke, the stroke subtype that is associated with more severe brain damage and a consequent worse outcome (more disability, higher mortality). In this review, the authors want to present an overview of the present learning of the mechanisms of inflammation that takes place in the cerebral tissue and the role of the immune system involved in ischemic stroke, focusing on cardioembolic stroke and its potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Daidone
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
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Sirt3 Protects Against Ischemic Stroke Injury by Regulating HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1203-1215. [PMID: 32500353 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is a member of the Sirtuin family proteins and known to regulate multiple physiological processes such as metabolism and aging. As stroke is an aging-related disease, in this work, we attempt to examine the role and potential mechanism of Sirt3 in regulating ischemic stroke by using a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model in wild type (WT) and Sirt3 knockout (KO) mice, coupled with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments in cultured primary astrocytes. Sirt3 deficiency aggravated neuronal cell apoptosis and neurological deficits after brain ischemia. In addition, Sirt3 KO mice showed more severe blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammatory responses compared with WT group in the acute phase. Furthermore, specific overexpression of Sirt3 in astrocytes by injecting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)::Sirt3 virus in ischemic region showed protective effect against stroke-induced damage. Mechanistically, Sirt3 could regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling after ischemia (OGD). Our results have shown that Sirt3 plays a protective role in ischemic stroke via regulating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in astrocytes, and reversal of the Sirt3 expression at the acute phase could be a worthy direction for stroke therapy.
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Abdo Qaid EY, Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Ahmad AH, Othman Z, Muthuraju S, Sasongko TH. The role of mTOR signalling pathway in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:482-488. [PMID: 32202188 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1746308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been associated with cognitive impairment. Many studies have investigated the role of mTOR signalling pathway in cognitive functions but its role in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment remains controversial. This review aimed to elucidate the role of mTOR in the mechanisms of cognitive impairment that may pave the way towards the mechanistic understanding and therapeutic intervention of hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. mTORC1 is normally regulated during mild or acute hypoxic exposure giving rise to neuroprotection, whereas it is overactivated during severe or chronic hypoxia giving rise to neuronal cells death. Thus, it is worth exploring the possibility of maintaining normal mTORC1 activity and thereby preventing cognitive impairment during severe or chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zahiruddin Othman
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Perdana University-RCSI School of Medicine, Perdana University Center for Research Excellence, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induce autophagy and have a protective effect in an in-vitro ischaemia model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1597. [PMID: 32005890 PMCID: PMC6994562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared effects of five hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) inhibitors on PC12 cells and primary rat neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). At 100 µM, the PHD inhibitors did not cause cytotoxicity and apoptosis. MTT activity was only significantly reduced by FG4592 or Bayer 85-3934 in PC12 cells. The PHD inhibitors at 100 µM significantly increased the LC3-II/LC3-I expression ratio and downregulated p62 in PC12 cells, so did FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM) in neurons. HIF-1α was stabilised in PC12 cells by all the PHD inhibitors at 100 µM except for DMOG, which stabilised HIF-1α at 1 and 2 mM. In primary neurons, HIF-1α was stabilised by FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM). Pretreatment with the PHD inhibitors 24 hours followed by 24 hour reoxygenation prior to 6 hours OGD (0.3% O2) significantly reduced LDH release and increased MTT activity compared to vehicle (1% DMSO) pretreatment. In conclusion, the PHD inhibitors stabilise HIF-1α in normoxia, induce autophagy, and protect cells from a subsequent OGD insult. The new class of PHD inhibitors (FG4592, FG2216, GSK1278863, Bay85-3934) have the higher potency than DMOG. The interplay between autophagy, HIF stabilisation and neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke merits further investigation.
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Li J, Tao T, Xu J, Liu Z, Zou Z, Jin M. HIF‑1α attenuates neuronal apoptosis by upregulating EPO expression following cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in a rat MCAO model. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1027-1036. [PMID: 32124933 PMCID: PMC7053873 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional factor in response to hypoxia and is involved in ischemic stroke. In the present study, the potential for HIF-1α to inhibit neuronal apoptosis through upregulating erythropoietin (EPO) was investigated in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat stroke model. For this purpose, a recombinant adenovirus expressing HIF-1α was engineered (Ad-HIF-1α). Control adenovirus (Ad group), Ad-HIF-1α (Ad-HIF-1α group) or Ad-HIF-1α in addition to erythropoietin mimetic peptide-9 (EMP9), an EPO-receptor (-R) antagonist (Ad-HIF-1α+EMP9 group), were used for an intracranial injection into rat ischemic penumbra 1 h following MCAO. All rats demonstrated functional improvement following tMCAO, while the improvement rate was faster in rats treated by Ad-HIF-1α compared with all other groups. The EPO-R inhibitor partially reversed the benefits of Ad-HIF-1α. Apoptosis induced by tMCAO was significantly inhibited by Ad-HIF-1α (P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, evaluated by immunohistochemistry either in neurons or astrocytes, was upregulated by Ad-HIF-1α. Both EPO mRNA and protein expression were increased by Ad-HIF-1α, however, there was no significant change of EPO-R either on an mRNA level or protein level. Furthermore, EMP9 did not change the EPO expression which was upregulated by Ad-HIF-1α. Activated caspase 3 in neurons was suppressed by Ad-HIF-1α. Activated caspase 3 downregulated by HIF-1α was partially blocked by EMP9. Altogether, the present data demonstrated that HIF-1α attenuates neuronal apoptosis partially through upregulating EPO following cerebral ischemia in rat. Thus, upregulating HIF-1α subsequent to a stroke may be a potential treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Zhehua Zou
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Minglu Jin
- Department of Neurology, Qijiang Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, P.R. China
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de Souza JS, Laureano-Melo R, Herai RH, da Conceição RR, Oliveira KC, da Silva IDCG, Dias-da-Silva MR, Romano RM, Romano MA, Maciel RMDB, Chiamolera MI, Giannocco G. Maternal glyphosate-based herbicide exposure alters antioxidant-related genes in the brain and serum metabolites of male rat offspring. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:121-131. [PMID: 31226268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In response to the rapid development of genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops, the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), in agriculture, has increased substantially. Currently, it is estimated that 747 million kg of GBHs are applied per year. Although several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there are health risks associated with GBH exposure, the effects these chemicals have on the oxidative and inflammatory response in the brain are still unclear. In fact, alterations in these processes could contribute to the development of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and autism spectrum disorders. The present study exposed pregnant rats to GBH and evaluated changes in the expression of genes related to oxidnte defense and inflammation response and monitored the serum metabolome in the adult male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered distilled water or Roundup®, at either 5 and 50 mg/kg/day, (p.o.) from gestational day (GD) 18 to postnatal day (PND) 5. There was a significant increase in the gene expression levels of Neuroglobin (Ngb - oxygen storage and tissue protection) (105%, p = 0.031), Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (Gpx1 - oxidative stress) (95%, p = 0.005), Prostaglandin-Endoperoxidase Synthase 1 (Ptgs1 - inflammation) (109%, p = 0.033) and Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (Hif1α - oxygen sensor) (73%, p = 0.017), in the cerebellum of PND90 rats perinatally exposed to 50 mg GBH/kg/day. Moreover, both GBH-exposed groups displayed a significant decrease in the expression of Catalase (Cat - oxidative stress) (49%, p = 0.003; and 31% p = 0.050, respectively) expression, in the cortex. Serum metabolites analyses, from the same animals of each group, demonstrated that there were significant changes in the concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine, which have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The results of the present study suggest GBH exposure during pregnancy alters the expression of genes associated with oxidant defense, inflammation and lipid metabolism. It is plausible that maternal GBH exposure could have lasting neuronal effects on the offspring later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Sena de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hirochi Herai
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PUCPR/PPGCS), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil; Instituto Lico Kaesemodel (ILK), Curitiba, Paraná, 80240-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Kelen Carneiro Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - Magnus Régios Dias-da-Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rui Monteiro de Barros Maciel
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Chiamolera
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil.
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Zhou Z, Ren X, Zhou W, Zheng L. Willed‑movement training reduces middle cerebral artery occlusion‑induced motor deficits and improves angiogenesis and survival of cerebral endothelial cells via upregulating hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3910-3916. [PMID: 31432135 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Willed movement facilitates neurological rehabilitation in patients with stroke. Focal ischaemia is the hallmark of patients after stroke, though the detailed molecular mechanism by which willed movement affects neurological rehabilitation after stroke is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to dissect the key factors of the hypoxia signaling pathway responsible for the willed movement‑improved rehabilitation. Sprague‑Dawley rats undergoing right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery were randomly divided into four groups: MCAO alone, willed movement (WM), environmental modification (EM) and common rehabilitation (CR). The neurological behaviour score was assessed, and infarction areas were detected by TTC staining. In addition, angiogenesis‑associated genes (vascular epithelial growth factor, angiogenin‑1, matrix metalloproteinases‑2 and ‑9) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‑1α expression was investigated in cells derived from MCAO, WM, EM and CR groups. Finally, the role of HIF‑1α using HIF‑1α knockdown in HUVECs under hypoxic conditions was evaluated. WM significantly improved neurological behaviour and rehabilitation by increasing the behaviour score and by decreasing the infarction area. In addition, CR, EM and WM raised the expression of angiogenesis‑associated genes and HIF‑1α, thereby promoting in vitro tube formation of primary endothelial cells. Knockdown of HIF‑1α in HUVECs restored the increased expression of angiogenesis‑associated genes to normal levels and inhibited in vitro tube formation of HUVECs. Willed movement most effectively improved the neurological rehabilitation of rats with focal ischaemia through upregulation of HIF‑1α. The present findings provide insight into willed movement‑facilitated rehabilitation and may help treat stroke‑triggered motor deficit and improve angiogenesis of cerebral endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First‑Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First‑Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First‑Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First‑Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
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Zhu L, Qi B, Hou D. Roles of HIF1α- and HIF2α-regulated BNIP3 in hypoxia-induced injury of neurons. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:822-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liang X, Liu X, Lu F, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ferriero DM. HIF1α Signaling in the Endogenous Protective Responses after Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:1-10. [PMID: 30836371 PMCID: PMC6728223 DOI: 10.1159/000495879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its target genes mediate adaptive, protective, and pathological processes. The role of HIF1α in neuronal survival is controversial and the brain maturation stage is important in determining its function in brain ischemia or hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this study, we used neuron-specific HIF1α knockout mice at postnatal day 9 (P9), and immature cortical neurons (days 7-8 in vitro) treated with the HIF1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) or stabilizer dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), to examine the function of neuronal HIF1α in neonatal HI in vivo (Vannucci model) and in vitro (oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD). Inhibition of HIF1α with 2ME2 in primary neurons or deletion of neuronal HIF1α in P9 mice increased both necrotic and apoptotic cell death following HI, as evaluated by the protein levels of 145/150-kDa and 120-kDa spectrin breakdown products 24 h after HI. DMOG attenuated neuronal death right after OGD. Acute pharmacological manipulation of HIF1α synchronously regulated the expression of its targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (Epo), in the same manner. The in vivo findings agree with our previous data using the same HIF1α-deficient mice at an earlier age. This study confirms the role of neuronal HIF1α signaling in the endogenous protective responses following HI in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
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Chen ZZ, Gong X, Guo Q, Zhao H, Wang L. Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction prevents reperfusion injury following ischemic stroke in rats via inhibition of HIF-1 α, VEGF and promotion β-ENaC expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 228:70-81. [PMID: 30218809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction (BYHW) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used in China for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke. But the protective effects and underlining mechanisms of BYHW remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the protective effects and underlining signaling mechanisms of BYHW on brain tissues in a rat model of cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography was used to verify the composition of BYHW. The cerebral edema and infarct volume were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The morphology and ultrastructure of ischemic penumbra brain tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression levels of HIF-1 α, VEGF and β-ENaC were tested using immunohistochemistry technique, western blot and quantitative PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Administration of BYHW significantly decreased cerebral edema, rat neurological function scores, reduced brain infarct volume. At the same time, BYHW had protective effect on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which improved the morphology and ultrastructure of ischemic penumbra brain tissues. BYHW treatment significantly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1 α and VEGF compared with the model treatment. In addition, BYHW treatment significantly up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of β-ENaC. CONCLUSIONS BYHW protected against cerebral I/R injury in MCAO rats through inhibiting the activation of the HIF-1 α /VEGF pathway and stabilizing ion channel of β-ENaC in brain, indicating that BYHW shows potential for stroke treatment in acute stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Dong Fang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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44
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Davis CK, Jain SA, Bae ON, Majid A, Rajanikant GK. Hypoxia Mimetic Agents for Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 30671433 PMCID: PMC6331394 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year stroke claims more than 6 million lives worldwide. The majority of them are ischemic stroke. Small molecule-based therapeutics for ischemic stroke has attracted a lot of attention, but none has been shown to be clinically useful so far. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a crucial role in the transcriptional adaptation of cells to hypoxia. Small molecule-based hypoxia-mimetic agents either stabilize HIF-1α via HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) inhibition or through other mechanisms. In both the cases, these agents have been shown to confer ischemic neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. The agents which act via PHD inhibition are mainly classified into iron chelators, iron competitors, and 2 oxoglutarate (2OG) analogs. This review discusses HIF structure and key players in the HIF-1 degradation pathway as well as the genes, proteins and chemical molecules that are connected to HIF-1 and how they affect cell survival following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review gives a summary of studies that used PHD inhibitors and other HIF-1α stabilizers as hypoxia-mimetic agents for the treatment of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Davis
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - Saurabh A Jain
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
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Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH. The insights into molecular pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:57-76. [PMID: 30548473 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this present work were to review recent developments on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the survival of cells under normoxic versus hypoxic and inflammatory brain conditions. The dual nature of HIF effects appears well established, based on the accumulated evidence of HIF playing both the role of adaptive factor and mediator of cell demise. Cellular HIF responses depend on pathophysiological conditions, developmental phase, comorbidities, and administered medications. In addition, HIF-1α and HIF-2α actions may vary in the same tissues. The multiple roles of HIF in stem cells are emerging. HIF not only regulates expression of target genes and thereby influences resultant protein levels but also contributes to epigenetic changes that may reciprocally provide feedback regulations loops. These HIF-dependent alterations in neurological diseases and its responses to treatments in vivo need to be examined alongside with a functional status of subjects involved in such studies. The knowledge of HIF pathways might be helpful in devising HIF-mimetics and modulating drugs, acting on the molecular level to improve clinical outcomes, as exemplified here by clinical and experimental data of selected brain diseases, occasionally corroborated by the data from disorders of other organs. Because of complex role of HIF in brain injuries, prospective therapeutic interventions need to differentially target HIF responses depending on their roles in the molecular mechanisms of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Kumar V, Weng YC, Wu YC, Huang YT, Liu TH, Kristian T, Liu YL, Tsou HH, Chou WH. Genetic inhibition of PKCε attenuates neurodegeneration after global cerebral ischemia in male mice. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:444-455. [PMID: 30488977 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia that accompanies cardiac arrest is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Protein Kinase C epsilon (PKCε) is a member of the novel PKC subfamily and plays a vital role in ischemic preconditioning. Pharmacological activation of PKCε before cerebral ischemia confers neuroprotection. The role of endogenous PKCε after cerebral ischemia remains elusive. Here we used male PKCε-null mice to assess the effects of PKCε deficiency on neurodegeneration after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that the cerebral vasculature, blood flow, and the expression of other PKC isozymes were not altered in the PKCε-null mice. Spatial learning and memory was impaired after tGCI, but the impairment was attenuated in male PKCε-null mice as compared to male wild-type controls. A significant reduction in Fluoro-Jade C labeling and mitochondrial release of cytochrome C in the hippocampus was found in male PKCε-null mice after tGCI. Male PKCε-null mice expressed increased levels of PKCδ in the mitochondria, which may prevent the translocation of PKCδ from the cytosol to the mitochondria after tGCI. Our results demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PKCε deficiency on neurodegeneration after tGCI, and suggest that reduced mitochondrial translocation of PKCδ may contribute to the neuroprotective action in male PKCε-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Yi-Chinn Weng
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hai Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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47
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Chen R, Lai UH, Zhu L, Singh A, Ahmed M, Forsyth NR. Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in the Brain at Different Oxygen Levels: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:132. [PMID: 30364203 PMCID: PMC6192379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures optimum ATP production and cell integrity, and is associated both directly and indirectly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. HIF activation can either reduce ROS formation by suppressing the function of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or increase ROS formation via NADPH oxidase (NOX), a target gene of HIF pathway. ROS is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In normal conditions (i.e., physioxia), ROS is produced at minimal levels and acts as a signaling molecule subject to the dedicated balance between ROS production and scavenging. Changes in oxygen concentrations affect ROS formation. When ROS levels exceed defense mechanisms, ROS causes oxidative stress. Increased ROS levels can also be a contributing factor to HIF stabilization during hypoxia and reoxygenation. In this review, we systemically review HIF activation and ROS formation in the brain during hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. We will then explore the literature describing how changes in HIF levels might provide pharmacological targets for effective ischaemic stroke treatment. HIF accumulation in the brain via HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition is proposed as an effective therapy for ischaemia stroke due to its antioxidation and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to HIF pro-survival signaling. PHD is a key regulator of HIF levels in cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PHD increases HIF levels in normoxia (i.e., at 20.9% O2 level). Preconditioning with HIF PHD inhibitors show a neuroprotective effect in both in vitro and in vivo ischaemia stroke models, but post-stroke treatment with PHD inhibitors remains debatable. HIF PHD inhibition during reperfusion can reduce ROS formation and activate a number of cellular survival pathways. Given agents targeting individual molecules in the ischaemic cascade (e.g., antioxidants) fail to be translated in the clinic setting, thus far, HIF pathway targeting and thereby impacting entire physiological networks is a promising drug target for reducing the adverse effects of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - U Hin Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayesha Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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48
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Yang X, Zhong M, Chen J, Li T, Cheng Q, Dai Y. HIF-1<alpha> Repression of PTEN Transcription Mediates Protective Effects of BMSCs on Neurons During Hypoxia. Neuroscience 2018; 392:57-65. [PMID: 30267829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a cerebral hypoxic-ischemic disease caused by a variety of insults during the perinatal period, leading to varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in functional recovery, but the mechanism is not yet clear. It has been reported that HIF-1<alpha> and PTEN are involved in the process of hypoxia-ischemia, but the specific roles that these proteins play remains to be understood. In this study, we performed oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) or CoCl2 preconditioning on hippocampal neurons to simulate a hypoxic environment in vitro, and then co-cultured them with BMSCs, to observe the effect of BMSCs and the role of HIF-1<alpha>. In addition, bpV, an inhibitor of PTEN was added to OGD neurons to determine the role of PTEN during hypoxia. We found that the levels of cell damage and apoptosis in OGD neurons decreased significantly after co-culture with BMSCs. Apoptosis was increased when HIF-1<alpha> was inhibited, but neurons remained protected when PTEN was suppressed. We further established that HIF-1<alpha> was enriched at the PTEN promoter both in BMSCs and hippocampal neurons, with increased enrichment under hypoxic conditions, leading to reduced transcription of PTEN. Our findings support the conclusion that CoCl2 preconditioning of BMSCs can simulate hypoxic conditions and can protect OGD neurons, an effect that is mediated through activation of the HIF-1<alpha> system and repression of PTEN transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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49
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Zhang Z, Yao L, Yang J, Wang Z, Du G. PI3K/Akt and HIF‑1 signaling pathway in hypoxia‑ischemia (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3547-3554. [PMID: 30106145 PMCID: PMC6131612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which regulates a wide range of cellular functions, is involved in the resistance response to H-I through the activation of proteins associated with survival and inactivation of apoptosis-associated proteins. It can also regulate the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α can further regulate the expression of downstream proteins involved in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, to facilitate ischemic adaptation. Notably, HIF-1α may also induce detrimental effects. The effects of HIF-1 on ischemic outcomes may be dependent on the H-I duration, animal age and species. Thus, further investigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may provide further insights of the potential targets for treating diseases accompanied by H-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
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50
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Impaired Organization of GABAergic Neurons Following Prenatal Hypoxia. Neuroscience 2018; 384:300-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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